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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	great_a	reason_n	time_n	3,502	5	3.2649	3	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A57605	Select observations of the incomparable Sir Walter Raleigh relating to trade, commerce, and coin, as it was presented to King James : wherein is proved that our money, our sea and land commodities serve to enrich and strengthen other countries against our own ...	Raleigh, Walter, Sir, 1552?-1618.	1696 (1696)	Wing R189; ESTC R9430	23,341	15

raised it to 8 and lastly to 10 Ounces yet at this day it is worth but 10 s. and one peny notwithstanding Your Majesty's late raising of Your Gold Having thus raised his Gold he then devised to have plenty of Silver brought into his Kingdom and by the same policy raised the Royal of 8 being but two Ounces to 3 s. and 3 d. half peny which caused great plenty of Silver to be brought in and continue in his Kingdom And it were to be wisht that we might follow the good Example of this advantagious Policy in this Juncture when by the same Method we have brought great plenty of Gold into the Kingdom and if we pursue it by advancing the value of our Silver may not only keep what we already have but also cause great plenty to be brought in and kept here when we have it France The English Jacobus goeth for 1 l. 3 s. in Merchandizing The English Crown for 7 s. and 6 d. Also the King hath rais'd his Silver four Sols in the Crown North Holland The Double Jacobus goeth for 1 l. 3 s. Sterling The English Shilling is there 11 Stivers which is two Shillings over in the Pound Poland The K. of Poland raised the Hungarian Ducket from 56 to 77 ½ Polonish Groshes and the Rix-dollar from 36 to 47 and ½ Groshes the Rix-dollar worth in Poland 47 and ½ groshes is by account in Poland 10 s. and 4 d. and in England is worth but 7 s. and 10 d. The Jacobus of England here Current at that time for 1 l. 2 s. in Poland 1 l. 4 s. at the rate of 7 s. 10 d. for the Hungarian Ducket Some additional Remarks and Observations Relating to Coin and Trade 1. That Nation can only be in a prosperous Estate that hath a proportionable quantity of Silver or Gold to ballance the Strength and Trade of its neighbouring Nations 2. That whilst the Current Cash of this Kingdom can be converted into Bullion and so made a trading Commodity as hath been practis'd this hundred Years 't will either be convey'd to the best Market or wrought in to Plate at home notwithstanding the utmost rigour and vigilancy to the great and daily Consumption of the Coin and Detriment of the Nation That it is evident notwithstanding those great Sums coin'd in the two last Reigns 't was no sooner made than converted into a trading Commodity some inconsiderable Sums excepted that hapt not into Hucksters hands and if from the like Causes the same scarcity of Mill'd Mony should happen at any time hereafter which God forbid tho morally 't is not impossible for the reason above alledged and as a part bears to the whole that without raising the value of our Coin the Nation may totally be drain'd of it and may possibly be then at too great a distance to be had for calling for and were there no more Silver now in the Nation than the standard Mony that has past the trading hands of Merchants and Goldsmiths the Nation were in a deplorable and irreparable Condition 3. That what Custom makes the Medium Measure or Reward of Labour Industry and Commerce is universally call'd Money and ought not to be convertible to a trading Commodity to the Publick Damage and diminution of the Species be it what it will For the stamp of Authority on a Brass Farthing for its currency for 12 d. would with Submission better accommodate and suit the conveniency of our Domestick Commerce than the Paucity of our glorious Silver Species as our present Circumstances demonstrate That 't is a Truth beyond Contradiction that the goodness and excellency of the Spanish Coin tho dispersed thro' all parts of the Trading World hath not been a means to enrich that Kingdom nor the little esteem'd value of the current Cash of the Hollanders a means to Impoverish them That raising the value of our Coin is the only certain means to keep it in the Nation to make us a rich and thriving State to recover our lost Trade and the best Bulwark and Defence against all the Attacks of our Enemies That diminishing the quantity or raising the value of our Standard Coin is equivalent but at this Juncture 't is humbly thought more advantagious tolessen the Weight by reason the Nation would be at less Expence to make it good as also being more commodious for Commerce and Tale when even parts of a Pound as before than when Fractional as must be if the value of the ancient Standard Weight be advanced That raising the value of our Coin will be a dishonour to the Nation seems an empty Notion if Profit be join'd with it That our Silver Coin ought to bear a higher Value at home than elsewhere as well to bring it home as we have already done the Gold and to keep it here as also encourage the bringing in of Bullion which is now much wanted That contrary to the Policy of Nations our standard Coin is of greater value in all places than at home Spain only excepted for which reason we bring Spanish Mony hither and for the same Reason our Mony is transported to other places to the great Impoverishment of the Nation That Gold and Silver is the commanding Species and if we Export more than we Import the Nation is so much a loser and tho as a Gentleman observes if we yearly send out Commodities to the value of 400000 Ounces of Silver more than the Commodities we bring home from abroad cost us there is 100000 l. every year clear gain which must come home in Mony or Bullion and be a real encrease of our Wealth and will stay here as he is pleased to think This over ballance of Trade so much talk'd Fallacy and may be a great loss to the Nation for Example if 400000 Ounces of Silver or Commodities be exported and the worth of 800000 Ounces of unprofitable Commodities imported viz. as French and Port Wines Silks and Linen wrought and many other things that are all expended and comsum'd here at home the Nation is so far from gaining 100000 l. that 't is 200000 l. the worse viz. 100000 l. sent out of the Nation and the 100000 l. which is the over ballance is gain'd from the Publick Treasure and Stock of the Kingdom into private hands which will again be sent abroad to the same loss Now the true cause why the Hollanders have acquir'd such great Riches by Trade is as the Excellent Sir Walter observes an over ballance of Trade truly stated that is they Import of Commodities 100 times the quantity of what themselves expend and the rest is again transported to divers Countries and brings them in Gold and Silver to their great and real Profit whereas we scarcely Export the hundredth part of what is Imported and if we should send all the Silver in the Nation abroad and have treble the value return'd in unnecessary Commodities which we spend and consume at home pray what would the Nation get by

of any of these Species our Standard Coin will make and thereby find the advantage all Countries will have by melting our Mony down And can it reasonably be thought that what is carried out will ever return when in some places 100 l. of our Standard Coin will make nigh 200 l. current of the Country and in other places some what less for don 't we melt down the Sp. Mony here to make our own to far less advantage And if we send over Silver with privilege to Coin their Species 't is so much loss to the Nation and never can return but raising the value of our Coin not withstanding great Sums sent out of the Country will as effectually return again as all the Dutch Mony did that was brought over hither Nor will there be any loss by Foreign Exchange when our Commodities are valu'd accordingly and at worst cannot stand in Competition with the Inconveniences the Nation hath labour'd under for many Years when the greatest part of our Trade was carry'd on by Mony generally so abased that 10 s. would scarcely weigh a Crown piece according to the Value 't is now proposed to be made at And then no such great damage and wrong or inconveniency was talk'd of nor so much as thought on to have been done to the Landlords in their Rents c. as some endeavour now to insinuate will be the Issue of making the Coin so much better than it was at that time That this Kingdom can never be drain'd or exhausted of the Riches of its native Produce and Excellency of its Manufactories nor prejudic'd by any other means but under valuting our Coin and Commodities by which we are out-done and under-rated in all Markets tho we have a continual spring of natural Product as Lead Tin Allom Wool c. and other Materials for Manufactory yet by reason of the scarcity of Gold Silver Species amongst us our People have been unemploy'd and empoverish'd and our Manufactory greatly decay'd and attempted to be carry'd into other Countries to almost the ruin of our Nation had not God Almighty put this Opportunity into our hands for regaining our lost Trade Gold and Silver the plenty whereof amongst our selves would greatly encrease Manufactory to the great Encouragement of Trade and People in general Though raising the value of Coin to so high a pitch as is hoped ours may be might prejudice a Nation that have little or no Natural product ' and Manufactory but their Commodities fetcht from other Countries and consequently might be drained of all they have by those that have most Mony and so ruined not being able to Supply themselves again with the same quantities for what the other was sold for nor having native product or Manufactory to set themselvs on Work but that is not our case Experience demonstrates that notwithstanding the good intention of all our Laws yet many of them have failed in answering the ends proposed particularly the late Act to prevent Melting down and Exportation of Coin where Oath and Penalty was imposed and yet no Person was accused thereon tho' many Thousands Pounds are supposed to have been Exported since that Act. Wherefore 't is evident that all Laws and Penalties tho of Life and Goods to prevent Exportation of Coin or Bullion would be invalid of no effect if the Coin can be made Bullion and will yield a better price abroad than at home That those Trades only deserve Encouragement that bring in Gold and Silver and such profitable Commodities that by Manufactory and Exporting may bring it in and those justly Merit discouragement that bring in unprofitable Commodities as Wines Silk c. which are Expended and Consumed here without profit and this to be done by laying great Impositions on them brought hither and Effectually made to sell them at under Rates That the French have done the Confederates more mischief by the Silver and Gold they have exhausted from this Kingdom for 35 years last past than with his Armies and Fleets and the same Methods he has taken to keep his Coin possibly might prove as prejudicial to him if executed by us as the loss of a Land Battle for he that is strongest in Purse is strongest in Power and hath the longest Sword and may give Laws to his Enemies And 't is observable that before our Mill'd Mony was made there was great scarcity of Silver in France haing little trade with Spain and their usual Payments were then in a worse Species And yet to the great loss dishonour of the Kingdom that Trade is still continued and will be whilst the Back-door of Portugal is open and there is now as great plenty of Fr. Wines sold as when we had open trade with France notwithstanding the Act of Prohibition to the great prejudice of his Majesties Customs and the Nation in general and this under the name of Port tho I have heard it disputed whether the whole Produce of Oporto can furnish a dozen of our best Taverns with what they expend under that Name That contrary to the Policy of Nations we raise the value of our own Product and Manufactory amongst our selves which ought only to be advanced when Exported by the Imposition of Publick Authority by this means the rise of Guineas would be no loss if we now keep them here by selling little more abroad of any Commodity than when they went for 1 l. 1 s. 6 d. That the Burthen of this War would not be grievous to the Nation were but the prices of our native and necessary Commodities regulated having little need of Foreign Assistance but by the Covetous and Arbitrary sway of great Traders and without just Cause the Poor are pincht and over-rated in their Bread Cloths Coals Soap Candles and in short in all things as if we had nothing of our own growth but all were brought from the Indies Nor is it a small Inconveniency they suffer by Abuse in exchange for Farthings That what Impositions are laid on Sugars Salt Coals Spirits Tobacco East-India Goods Vinegars c. whatsoever imported we our selves only pay for it whereas if our Impositions were levied on our Native Product and Manufactory Exported others would bear a part and must pay for it That the French Refugees may be servicable to the Government by forming them into Colonies in Ireland where is want of People and Store of waste Ground to plant Mul-berries and make a Silk-work there and to be dyed and Manufactured here NOW to turn the Stream and Riches raised by Your Majesties native Commodities into the Natural Channel from whence it hath been a long time Diverted May it Please Your Majesty to consider these Points following 1. Whether it be not fit that a State Merchant be Settled within your Dominions which may both dispose more profitably of the Riches thereof and incounter Policies of Merchant Strangers who now go beyond us in all kind of profitable Merchandizing 2. Whether it be not