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nature_n wherein_o the_o star_n move_v in_o circle_n parallel_v to_o the_o ecliptic_a but_o from_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n as_o by_o the_o necessary_a consequence_n of_o the_o position_n and_o obliquity_n of_o the_o zodiac_n because_o it_o can_v be_v avoid_v but_o that_o it_o shall_v either_o incline_v to_o or_o decline_v from_o the_o pole_n if_o they_o shall_v object_v as_o many_o do_v that_o this_o progress_n be_v not_o proportional_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o time_n according_a to_o the_o calculation_n of_o the_o astronomer_n we_o answer_v 1._o that_o this_o difference_n be_v so_o small_a that_o it_o shall_v rather_o seem_v to_o be_v impute_v to_o the_o negligence_n or_o ignorance_n of_o such_o as_o take_v these_o observation_n then_o to_o any_o diversity_n of_o motion_n for_o who_o know_v not_o in_o these_o day_n of_o we_o wherein_o this_o art_n be_v arrive_v at_o a_o far_o great_a perfection_n diverse_a astronomer_n in_o observe_v the_o same_o star_n at_o the_o same_o 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and_o so_o of_o necessity_n must_v rest_v unmoved_a in_o her_o proper_a place_n but_o this_o reason_n as_o i_o have_v show_v be_v weak_a to_o prove_v this_o assertion_n first_o because_o this_o principle_n of_o aristotle_n be_v not_o ground_v on_o certainty_n but_o contradict_v experience_n as_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v 2._o this_o right_a motion_n to_o the_o centre_n be_v not_o to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o whole_a as_o the_o immediate_a subject_n but_o to_o the_o part_n of_o it_o separate_v from_o the_o whole_a so_o that_o nothing_o will_v hinder_v but_o that_o the_o whole_a globe_n may_v have_v a_o motion_n proper_a to_o itself_o on_o his_o own_o pole_n but_o to_o let_v this_o reason_n pass_v as_o weak_a all_o those_o argument_n allege_v by_o the_o common_a astronomer_n and_o philosopher_n against_o the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n prove_v indeed_o no_o other_o matter_n then_o this_o stability_n which_o we_o establish_v but_o if_o rack_v any_o far_a come_v short_a to_o satisfy_v for_o authority_n of_o scripture_n many_o place_n be_v urge_v to_o prove_v this_o stability_n whereof_o we_o have_v a_o pregnant_a place_n in_o 104_o psalm_n wherein_o david_n magnify_v the_o creator_n say_v that_o he_o lay_v the_o foundation_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o sure_a that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v move_v at_o any_o time_n to_o which_o may_v be_v add_v many_o other_o text_n but_o that_o i_o hold_v this_o one_o sufficient_a in_o a_o matter_n which_o few_o man_n call_v in_o question_n we_o be_v in_o the_o three_o place_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o earth_n with_o the_o heavenly_a body_n 4_o the_o proportion_n be_v that_o wherein_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v compare_v with_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o heaven_n we_o must_v here_o remember_v a_o distinction_n before_o touch_v that_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o earth_n may_v be_v consider_v two_o way_n either_o absolute_o in_o itself_o or_o comparative_o in_o respect_n of_o 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next_o winter_n whence_o come_v a_o new_a supply_n of_o more_o rain_n these_o river_n say_v they_o in_o the_o summer_n decrease_v and_o sometime_o be_v dry_a because_o of_o the_o defect_n of_o wâ—ter_n when_o the_o place_n be_v not_o great_a enough_o to_o receive_v sufficient_a water_n for_o the_o whole_a year_n this_o opinion_n seem_v ground_v on_o these_o reason_n first_o because_o we_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o river_n and_o fountain_n be_v great_a and_o large_a in_o summer_n then_o in_o winter_n second_o because_o where_o there_o be_v less_o rain_n few_o or_o no_o river_n be_v see_v as_o in_o the_o desert_n of_o ethiopia_n and_o africa_n few_o or_o no_o river_n be_v find_v but_o in_o germany_n france_n britain_n and_o italy_n many_o river_n show_v themselves_o because_o they_o abound_v in_o the_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n and_o much_o fall_n of_o rain_n three_o among_o we_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n in_o a_o hot_a and_o dry_a summer_n they_o be_v much_o decrease_v from_o their_o ordinary_a greatness_n or_o altogether_o dry_v up_o which_o be_v a_o great_a probability_n that_o their_o original_n be_v from_o rain_n this_o opinion_n if_o it_o be_v only_o understand_v of_o some_o river_n may_v be_v probable_a because_o some_o current_n out_o of_o doubt_n take_v their_o original_n from_o great_a shower_n or_o snow_n as_o at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o alps_n and_o other_o such_o place_n where_o the_o snow_n daily_o melt_v and_o feed_v they_o but_o if_o it_o be_v general_o understand_v of_o all_o river_n it_o be_v manifest_o false_a as_o may_v appear_v by_o these_o reason_n first_o because_o the_o earth_n no_o where_o drink_v up_o the_o rain_n far_o than_o ten_o foot_n deep_a in_o the_o soil_n for_o the_o high_a superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v either_o dry_a and_o so_o easy_o drink_v up_o and_o consume_v the_o water_n within_o that_o space_n or_o else_o be_v already_o moist_a it_o receive_v it_o not_o at_o all_o but_o expel_v it_o by_o river_n and_o channel_n second_o some_o mountain_n not_o cover_v with_o earth_n but_o consist_v of_o hard_a rock_n notwithstanding_o send_v forth_o great_a store_n of_o spring_n and_o fountain_n which_o water_n can_v not_o be_v receive_v in_o through_o a_o hard_a rocky_a substance_n three_o because_o in_o very_o dry_a place_n certain_a pit_n be_v dig_v down_o into_o the_o ground_n 2_o hundred_o or_o three_o hundred_o foot_n deep_a will_v discover_v many_o great_a stream_n of_o water_n which_o can_v not_o be_v from_o the_o receit_n of_o rain_n four_o it_o can_v be_v imagine_v that_o so_o much_o rain_n can_v in_o a_o winter_n fall_v into_o one_o place_n beside_o that_o which_o the_o drought_n of_o the_o earth_n consume_v to_o nourish_v so_o mighty_a and_o great_a river_n in_o the_o earth_n as_o be_v river_n run_v in_o a_o perpetual_a course_n five_o all_o river_n almost_o take_v their_o original_n from_o some_o mountain_n or_o other_o as_o danubius_n from_o the_o alps_n and_o nilus_n from_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o moon_n in_o africa_n which_o place_n be_v extraordinary_a high_a be_v more_o unapt_a to_o receive_v water_n than_o low_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o reason_n that_o they_o allege_v for_o their_o opinion_n it_o be_v not_o hard_a to_o answer_v that_o river_n shall_v be_v great_a in_o winter_n thâ—_n in_o the_o summer_n the_o cause_n may_v be_v better_o give_v because_o more_o moisture_n of_o the_o air_n fall_v into_o the_o brink_n from_o external_a râ—ine_n or_o snow_n in_o winter_n then_o in_o summer_n and_o the_o ground_n be_v moist_a be_v able_a to_o drink_v less_o then_o at_o other_o time_n which_o be_v also_o the_o reason_n why_o in_o hot_a and_o dry_a country_n there_o be_v not_o such_o plenty_n of_o rivers_n for_o we_o deny_v not_o but_o fountain_n may_v sometime_o be_v increase_v and_o sometime_o diminish_v by_o addition_n of_o rainwater_n but_o that_o any_o such_o vast_a concavity_n shall_v be_v under_o ground_n as_o the_o receptacle_n of_o so_o much_o rain_n and_o shall_v nourish_v so_o many_o and_o so_o great_a current_n the_o second_o opinion_n be_v of_o those_o who_o think_v that_o the_o original_n of_o all_o river_n and_o fountain_n be_v from_o the_o sea_n which_o conceit_n have_v be_v strong_o fortify_v by_o many_o father_n of_o the_o church_n and_o grave_a divine_n of_o late_a time_n which_o opinion_n be_v chief_o ground_v upon_o these_o reason_n first_o because_o it_o seem_v a_o most_o incredible_a matter_n that_o so_o much_o vaporous_a matter_n shall_v be_v engender_v under_o the_o earth_n to_o feed_v such_o a_o perpetual_a course_n of_o water_n second_o if_o all_o river_n shall_v not_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o sea_n no_o reason_n can_v be_v give_v why_o so_o many_o river_n daily_o empty_v themselves_o into_o the_o sea_n the_o sea_n shall_v not_o increase_v but_o continue_v in_o the_o same_o quantity_n three_o to_o this_o purpose_n they_o urge_v the_o place_n of_o eccles._n 1_o all_o river_n run_v into_o the_o sea_n and_o yet_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o full_a to_o the_o place_n whence_o they_o come_v they_o return_v that_o they_o may_v flow_v again_o but_o this_o opinion_n seem_v to_o be_v shake_v with_o a_o great_a difficulty_n for_o it_o be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o conceive_v how_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v by_o nature_n heavy_a &_o low_a than_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o we_o have_v demonstrate_v shall_v ascend_v into_o high_a mountain_n out_o of_o which_o we_o find_v spring_n of_o water_n oftentimes_o to_o arise_v for_o either_o it_o must_v ascend_v natural_o or_o by_o violence_n not_o natural_o for_o the_o foresay_a cause_n because_o it_o be_v a_o heavy_a body_n if_o violent_o they_o must_v assign_v some_o external_a agent_n which_o enforce_v it_o to_o this_o violence_n this_o difficulty_n diverse_a author_n have_v labour_v diverse_a way_n to_o salve_v some_o among_o who_o the_o chief_a be_v theodoret_n have_v flee_v to_o a_o supernatural_a cause_n in_o god_n providence_n as_o though_o the_o water_n in_o its_o own_o nature_n heavy_a shall_v be_v notwithstanding_o enforce_v to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n but_o this_o opinion_n seem_v very_o improbable_a because_o although_o we_o can_v deny_v god_n miraculous_a and_o extraordinary_a work_n in_o some_o thing_n yet_o all_o man_n have_v suppose_v this_o to_o be_v confine_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o nature_n and_o very_o strange_a it_o be_v to_o imagine_v that_o almighty_a god_n in_o the_o first_o institution_n of_o nature_n shall_v impose_v a_o perpetual_a violence_n upon_o nature_n other_o as_o basill_n have_v think_v that_o the_o sea-water_n be_v drive_v upward_o towards_o the_o top_n of_o mountain_n by_o reason_n of_o certain_a â—_z enclose_v in_o it_o mare_n as_o he_o say_v fluitans_fw-la &_o permeans_fw-la per_fw-la cuniculos_fw-la fistularet_n &_o angustos_fw-la â—ox_fw-la ubi_fw-la obliquis_fw-la aut_fw-la certe_fw-la recta_fw-la in_o sublime_a surrectis_fw-la excursibus_fw-la se_fw-la occupatum_fw-la deprehenderit_fw-la ab_fw-la agitante_fw-la compulsum_fw-la spiritu_fw-la superficie_fw-la terrâ—_n vi_fw-la disrupta_fw-la erumpit_fw-la atque_fw-la for_o as_o emicat_fw-la the_o same_o opinion_n almost_o in_o every_o respect_n be_v ascribe_v to_o plato_n in_o phedone_n and_o pliny_n 2_o book_n .65_o chap._n quo_fw-la inquit_fw-la spiritu_fw-la actu_fw-la &_o terrâ—_n pondere_fw-la expressa_fw-la siphonum_fw-la modo_fw-la eâ—â—cat_fw-la tantâ—que_fw-la a_o periculo_fw-la decidendi_fw-la abest_fw-la ut_fw-la in_o summa_fw-la quoque_fw-la et_fw-la â—â—tissima_fw-la exiliat_fw-la qua_fw-la ratione_fw-la manifestum_fw-la est_fw-la quare_fw-la tot_fw-la fâ—uâ—inum_fw-la quotidiâ—nâ—_n accessu_fw-la maria_fw-la non_fw-la crescant_fw-la but_o this_o exposition_n will_v hardly_o satisfy_v he_o who_o desire_v to_o search_v far_o than_o obscurity_n of_o word_n for_o first_o by_o admit_v spirit_n as_o mover_n of_o the_o water_n they_o seem_v to_o fall_v into_o a_o platonic_a opinion_n before_o examine_v of_o we_o concern_v the_o heat_n of_o the_o sea-water_n second_o i_o will_v demand_v whether_o such_o spirit_n in_o the_o water_n to_o which_o they_o ascribe_v this_o motion_n be_v natural_a agent_n or_o supernatural_a or_o violent_a they_o can_v be_v natural_a agent_n for_o asmuch_o as_o they_o be_v suppose_v to_o drive_v and_o enforce_v the_o water_n against_o his_o own_o nature_n for_o by_o nature_n as_o all_o man_n know_v it_o be_v apt_a to_o descend_v whereas_o here_o it_o be_v suppose_v to_o ascend_v by_o reason_n of_o such_o spirit_n they_o can_v be_v violent_a agent_n because_o they_o be_v perpetual_a whereas_o no_o violent_a thing_n can_v be_v perpetual_a thomas_n aquinas_n be_v desirous_a to_o show_v how_o much_o fountain_n can_v ascend_v out_o of_o the_o sea-water_n vary_v in_o opinion_n from_o the_o former_a and_o imagine_v that_o the_o fountain_n and_o river-water_n be_v draw_v upward_o through_o the_o force_n of_o celestial_a body_n for_o the_o common_a good_a
as_o often_o it_o do_v to_o be_v set_v on_o fire_n for_o have_v water_n near_o it_o it_o may_v soon_o be_v quench_v whereas_o many_o little_a spring_n can_v afford_v so_o much_o water_n as_o will_v suffice_v for_o such_o a_o purpose_n last_o among_o other_o reason_n we_o can_v forget_v the_o pleasantness_n of_o fair_a river_n which_o be_v no_o small_a ornament_n to_o a_o city_n and_o delight_n to_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n 8_o thus_o much_o for_o river_n a_o lake_n be_v a_o collection_n of_o perpetual_a water_n nourish_v with_o fresh_a spring_n and_o have_v of_o itself_o no_o passage_n forth_o in_o this_o definition_n of_o a_o lake_n we_o have_v comprise_v these_o three_o thing_n first_o that_o it_o be_v a_o collection_n of_o constant_a and_o perpetual_a water_n second_o that_o it_o be_v continual_o feed_v &_o cherish_v with_o fresh_a spring_n rise_v up_o from_o the_o bottom_n three_o that_o it_o find_v no_o passage_n forth_o into_o the_o sea_n or_o otherwise_o by_o the_o two_o first_o it_o be_v distinguish_v from_o a_o great_a pond_n or_o stand_a pool_n call_v in_o latin_a stagnum_n for_o asmuch_o as_o a_o stand_a pool_n be_v common_o â—ed_v with_o rain_n water_n and_o have_v no_o spring_n from_o the_o earth_n whereby_o it_o may_v be_v long_o nourish_v be_v often_o time_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n exhaust_v it_o out_o by_o vapour_n either_o extraordinary_o diminish_v or_o altogether_o dry_v up_o whereas_o in_o a_o lake_n by_o reason_n of_o fresh_a spring_n the_o water_n be_v perpetual_a and_o remain_v sweet_a and_o wholesome_a except_o by_o some_o other_o accident_n it_o change_v its_o disposition_n for_o the_o latter_a clause_n that_o a_o lake_n find_v no_o passage_n forth_o it_o may_v be_v two_o way_n understand_v either_o of_o a_o visible_a or_o apparent_a passage_n outward_o through_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n to_o the_o sea_n or_o of_o a_o secret_a and_o subterranean_a passage_n under_o ground_n the_o former_a may_v again_o be_v understand_v of_o a_o passage_n forth_o immediate_o by_o itself_o or_o mediate_o by_o some_o river_n whereas_o we_o have_v say_v that_o it_o find_v no_o entrance_n into_o the_o sea_n we_o ought_v to_o understand_v it_o that_o immediate_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v account_v a_o continuate_a part_n conjoin_v with_o the_o sea_n nevertheless_o it_o may_v be_v disburden_v into_o the_o sea_n by_o some_o river_n run_v out_o of_o it_o as_o some_o will_v have_v the_o great_a river_n tanais_n not_o to_o have_v his_o head_n or_o fountain_n in_o the_o riphaean_a mountain_n as_o the_o ancient_n have_v teach_v but_o in_o a_o certain_a lake_n not_o faâ—re_v from_o the_o city_n tulla_n so_o volga_n &_o edill_n draw_v their_o original_n from_o a_o lake_n not_o far_o from_o moscow_n with_o many_o other_o of_o like_a nature_n what_o to_o think_v of_o the_o subterranean_a intercourse_n betwixt_o lake_n and_o the_o sea_n we_o will_v show_v in_o this_o theorem_a 1_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o most_o lake_n have_v some_o secret_a intercourse_n with_o the_o sea_n under_o ground_n for_o the_o confirmation_n of_o this_o point_n there_o want_v not_o reason_n the_o first_o reason_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n in_o most_o lake_n which_o be_v find_v without_o any_o great_a sensible_a difference_n to_o remain_v the_o same_o without_o any_o diminution_n or_o increase_n whereas_o if_o the_o water_n bind_v in_o with_o these_o limit_n shall_v have_v no_o passage_n out_o any_o way_n it_o shall_v increase_v to_o such_o greatness_n that_o it_o will_v easy_o overwhelm_v the_o bank_n to_o give_v a_o few_o instance_n we_o find_v that_o diverse_a very_o vast_a river_n exhaust_v themselves_o into_o the_o caspian_a lake_n as_o volga_n and_o edill_n which_o receive_v into_o they_o many_o notable_a river_n be_v at_o last_v themselves_o swallow_v up_o in_o the_o say_a lake_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o lake_n of_o palestine_n call_v the_o dead_a sea_n be_v know_v to_o receive_v into_o it_o beside_o diverse_a lesser_a river_n the_o great_a and_o famous_a river_n jordan_n here_o will_v i_o demand_v whether_o these_o great_a river_n perpetual_o cast_v themselves_o into_o a_o lake_n give_v a_o increase_n to_o the_o former_a quantity_n or_o not_o if_o they_o shall_v augment_v the_o water_n they_o will_v by_o consequence_n alter_v the_o bound_n but_o this_o be_v contradict_v by_o experience_n if_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o water_n suffer_v no_o increase_n it_o must_v needs_o follow_v then_o that_o the_o water_n shall_v some_o other_o way_n be_v diminish_v as_o it_o be_v here_o increase_v this_o must_v either_o be_v by_o the_o sun_n draw_v up_o some_o part_n of_o it_o by_o vapour_n or_o by_o some_o cavern_n of_o the_o earth_n drink_v up_o some_o part_n of_o it_o or_o last_o by_o a_o subterranean_a passage_n into_o the_o sea_n concern_v the_o former_a it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o much_o water_n be_v draw_v up_o into_o vapour_n by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n yet_o that_o these_o vapour_n countervail_v the_o water_n perpetual_o bring_v in_o be_v in_o my_o conceit_n very_o improbable_a for_o against_o this_o quantity_n of_o water_n extract_v out_o this_o way_n of_o evaporation_n i_o will_v oppose_v these_o three_o thing_n which_o shall_v persuade_v a_o reasonable_a man_n that_o the_o water_n receive_v in_o shall_v far_o surpass_v the_o vapour_n exhale_v from_o it_o first_o that_o the_o vapour_n be_v stir_v up_o in_o the_o day_n time_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v lift_v above_o the_o horizon_n at_o such_o a_o height_n that_o his_o heat_n be_v somewhat_o strengthen_v whereas_o all_o these_o watery_a current_n never_o intermit_a their_o usual_a course_n never_o cease_v to_o run_v by_o day_n or_o night_n wherein_o be_v see_v a_o double_a advantage_n of_o the_o river_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o watery_a exhalation_n second_o of_o these_o watery_a vapour_n so_o draw_v out_o a_o great_a part_n must_v at_o diverse_a time_n return_v back_o or_o at_o 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the_o same_o place_n and_o so_o reverberate_v it_o back_o from_o the_o place_n whereunto_o it_o tend_v for_o here_o be_v to_o be_v imagine_v that_o the_o bladder_n or_o empty_a barrel_n drown_v in_o the_o water_n claim_v and_o enjoy_v for_o the_o time_n that_o place_n or_o distance_n which_o otherwise_o so_o much_o water_n shall_v occupy_v to_o wit_n so_o many_o inch_n of_o foot_n from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o no_o marvel_n then_o that_o obstacle_n remove_v the_o water_n be_v most_o ponderous_a and_o weighty_a receive_v his_o own_o right_n and_o as_o it_o be_v shoulder_n out_o the_o air_n and_o violent_o drive_v it_o off_o to_o his_o own_o habitation_n whence_o many_o have_v imagine_v that_o this_o motion_n be_v proper_a and_o natural_a to_o the_o air_n when_o of_o itself_o it_o be_v mere_o violent_a and_o enforce_v by_o the_o interjection_n of_o another_o body_n more_o weighty_a and_o ponderous_a than_o itself_o 7_o this_o conformity_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a part_n two_o 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but_o after_o 10000_o pace_n it_o be_v take_v out_o of_o sight_n i_o will_v here_o ask_v the_o geographer_n quoth_v patricius_n whether_o in_o so_o short_a a_o distance_n wherein_o the_o bottom_n for_o the_o whole_a space_n surpass_v not_o two_o foot_n in_o depth_n the_o water_n can_v ascend_v to_o 72_o foot_n have_v it_o be_v my_o chance_n to_o have_v go_v with_o patricius_n over_o the_o lake_n i_o may_v perhaps_o by_o observation_n of_o this_o experiment_n have_v give_v a_o more_o probable_a conjecture_n of_o the_o cause_n nevertheless_o be_v unacquainted_a aswell_o with_o the_o place_n as_o the_o truth_n of_o his_o observation_n i_o may_v perhaps_o guess_v somewhat_o at_o his_o error_n first_o then_o whereas_o he_o aver_v that_o pass_v along_o for_o the_o space_n of_o a_o 1000_o pace_n a_o tower_n of_o 72_o foot_n high_a seem_v cut_v off_o by_o the_o midst_n which_o at_o 10000_o vanish_v out_o of_o sight_n i_o confess_v that_o in_o so_o short_a a_o space_n the_o swell_a of_o the_o 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the_o water_n if_o the_o passage_n be_v oblique_a or_o indirect_a in_o such_o wise_a as_o the_o shore_n may_v any_o way_n interpose_v itself_o betwixt_o the_o boat_n and_o the_o tower_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o imagine_v how_o such_o a_o experiment_n shall_v happen_v for_o the_o land_n by_o which_o the_o boat_n may_v be_v carry_v may_v have_v a_o ascent_n by_o such_o degree_n as_o the_o tower_n at_o 1000_o pace_n may_v be_v for_o the_o half_a of_o it_o obscure_v and_o at_o last_o be_v altogether_o take_v out_o of_o sight_n this_o reason_n then_o of_o patricius_n seem_v rather_o to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o land_n then_o the_o water_n the_o three_o reason_n of_o patricius_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o homogeneity_n of_o the_o water_n if_o the_o water_n say_v he_o have_v a_o round_a superficies_n the_o part_n of_o it_o will_v challenge_v the_o like_a figure_n because_o in_o homogeneal_a body_n the_o same_o reason_n be_v to_o be_v give_v of_o the_o whole_a and_o of_o the_o part_n but_o the_o 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can_v possible_o have_v any_o sensible_a appearance_n or_o existence_n and_o we_o must_v needs_o confess_v that_o this_o experiment_n be_v very_o fond_o urge_v to_o this_o purpose_n by_o some_o of_o our_o geographer_n and_o such_o as_o stand_v not_o with_o any_o demonstration_n which_o grant_v sufficient_o answer_v all_o the_o reason_n last_o urge_v by_o patricius_n except_o the_o last_o for_o as_o much_o as_o he_o require_v in_o the_o water_n a_o sensible_a appearance_n of_o this_o roundness_n in_o every_o river_n or_o little_a parcel_n of_o water_n which_o can_v be_v admit_v touch_v the_o last_o thing_n which_o he_o urge_v that_o all_o the_o rubbish_n and_o filthy_a matter_n be_v from_o the_o bank_n carry_v into_o the_o middle_n whence_o he_o will_v infer_v the_o middle_a to_o be_v hollow_a and_o low_a we_o can_v answer_v diverse_a way_n 1_o that_o this_o experiment_n be_v not_o always_o certain_a because_o every_o man_n may_v oftentimes_o see_v the_o contrary_a to_o wit_n that_o such_o filthy_a rubbish_n rather_o use_v to_o cleave_v to_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n then_o to_o float_v into_o the_o midst_n 2_o that_o if_o any_o such_o thing_n happen_v it_o be_v because_o of_o the_o torrent_n which_o run_v violent_o from_o the_o bank_n into_o the_o midst_n carry_v with_o it_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v light_n the_o steepnesse_n of_o the_o place_n be_v great_a the_o current_n wide_o or_o swift_a but_o nothing_o here_o can_v be_v conclude_v to_o prove_v the_o water_n according_a to_o his_o natural_a force_n to_o be_v either_o plain_a or_o hollow_a in_o the_o midst_n which_o this_o adversary_n undertake_v to_o demonstrate_v chap._n iii_o of_o the_o partial_a magnetical_a affection_n in_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n 1_o hitherto_o have_v we_o discourse_v of_o such_o affection_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n as_o be_v elementary_a and_o know_v heretofore_o to_o ancient_a philosopher_n it_o follow_v in_o the_o next_o place_n that_o we_o treat_v of_o magnetical_a affection_n to_o wit_n such_o as_o follow_v the_o magnetical_a nature_n of_o the_o earth_n of_o the_o virtue_n and_o propriety_n of_o the_o loadstone_n many_o have_v write_v but_o few_o seek_v out_o the_o true_a nature_n the_o invention_n of_o it_o be_v attribute_v to_o a_o certain_a herdsman_n who_o have_v his_o shoe_n shod_a with_o iron_n and_o a_o iron-pike_n in_o his_o hand_n rest_v himself_o on_o a_o quarry_n of_o loadstone_n can_v hardly_o remove_v himself_o from_o thence_o but_o this_o seem_v rather_o a_o pleasant_a poetical_a invention_n than_o a_o true_a history_n have_v no_o good_a author_n to_o avouch_v it_o but_o to_o let_v pass_v the_o first_o invention_n be_v a_o matter_n rather_o indebt_v to_o chance_v then_o industry_n no_o small_a difficulty_n have_v discover_v themselves_o in_o the_o invention_n and_o find_v out_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o magnetical_a property_n somewhat_o i_o confess_v have_v be_v write_v of_o such_o magnetical_a affection_n as_o have_v 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that_o it_o incline_v no_o more_o on_o the_o one_o side_n then_o on_o the_o other_o but_o lie_v even_o as_o we_o see_v in_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n when_o it_o rest_v quiet_a without_o motion_n for_o howsoever_o the_o water_n so_o rest_v as_o we_o have_v former_o demonstrate_v be_v always_o spherical_a yet_o in_o a_o small_a distance_n in_o the_o sensible_a horizon_n it_o may_v to_o sense_n be_v represent_v by_o a_o plain_a 25_o so_o much_o for_o the_o invention_n the_o distinction_n of_o the_o horizon_n be_v into_o three_o sort_n for_o either_o it_o be_v a_o right_a horizon_n or_o oblique_a or_o parallel_v 26_o a_o right_a horizon_n be_v that_o which_o with_o the_o equator_fw-la make_v right_a angle_n this_o distinction_n grow_v natural_o out_o of_o the_o respect_n of_o the_o horizon_n to_o the_o equatour_n for_o since_o the_o equatour_n be_v one_o and_o the_o selfsame_o immovable_a circle_n and_o the_o horizon_n be_v mutable_a and_o change_v according_a to_o his_o diverse_a vertical_a point_n they_o can_v always_o keep_v the_o same_o situation_n in_o regard_n one_o of_o the_o other_o this_o they_o have_v reduce_v into_o three_o head_n for_o either_o it_o be_v right_o or_o oblique_a or_o parallel_n the_o right_n be_v so_o call_v from_o the_o right_a angle_n which_o the_o horizon_n make_v with_o the_o equator_fw-la wherein_o the_o two_o pole_n be_v always_o couch_v in_o the_o horizon_n and_o the_o equator_fw-la pass_v direct_o over_o their_o head_n as_o be_v plain_a to_o be_v see_v in_o this_o figure_n here_o affix_v such_o a_o horizon_n have_v these_o inhabitant_n which_o dwell_v direct_o under_o the_o equinoctial_a line_n in_o the_o very_a midst_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n such_o a_o horizon_n agree_v to_o a_o great_a part_n of_o africa_n to_o a_o part_n of_o peru_n in_o america_n also_o to_o most_o of_o the_o molucco_n land_n the_o land_n of_o taprobana_n and_o s._n thomas_n but_o no_o part_n of_o europe_n be_v subject_a to_o such_o a_o right_a horizon_n the_o cause_n of_o this_o variation_n of_o orison_n be_v the_o natural_a roundness_n of_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o earth_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v spherical_a as_o we_o have_v before_o demonstrate_v it_o must_v of_o necessity_n follow_v that_o the_o site_n of_o the_o pole_n shall_v be_v change_v according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o place_n also_o because_o wheresoever_o we_o be_v place_v on_o the_o earth_n as_o we_o have_v show_v all_o impediment_n of_o the_o sight_n as_o mountain_n and_o valley_n put_v apart_o we_o can_v behold_v the_o hemisphere_n of_o the_o heaven_n which_o middle_a part_n be_v set_v down_o be_v divide_v from_o the_o part_n unseen_a by_o the_o horizon_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v that_o either_o both_o the_o pole_n must_v be_v in_o the_o horizon_n and_o so_o make_v a_o right_a sphere_n or_o at_o least_o one_o must_v be_v above_o and_o see_v and_o the_o other_o hide_v from_o the_o sight_n and_o so_o much_o as_o one_o be_v elevate_v above_o 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and_o propriety_n we_o shall_v more_o full_o treat_v hereafter_o in_o the_o dictinction_n of_o the_o part_n and_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n because_o such_o propriety_n can_v so_o well_o be_v teach_v without_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o artificial_a sphere_n who_o nature_n and_o fabric_n we_o shall_v labour_v god_n will_v in_o our_o next_o chapter_n to_o unfold_v chap._n vii_o of_o the_o artificial_a representation_n of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n 1_o have_v hitherto_o treat_v of_o the_o terrestrial_a sphere_n as_o it_o be_v natural_a or_o real_a we_o be_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o speak_v of_o the_o artificial_a globe_n the_o artificial_a globe_n be_v a_o expression_n or_o imitation_n of_o the_o sphere_n of_o the_o earth_n 2_o the_o artificial_a imitation_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v either_o common_a or_o magnetical_a the_o common_a be_v again_o twofold_a either_o in_o the_o globe_n or_o in_o the_o geographical_a map_n or_o table_n 3_o the_o geographical_a globe_n be_v a_o round_a solid_a body_n adorn_v with_o lineament_n &_o picture_n serve_v for_o the_o use_n of_o geographer_n who_o be_v the_o first_o inuentour_n of_o this_o artificial_a globe_n it_o be_v not_o evident_a some_o think_v with_o pliny_n that_o it_o be_v find_v out_o by_o atlas_n and_o carry_v into_o greece_n by_o hercules_n other_o have_v ascribe_v it_o to_o anaximander_n milesius_n some_o to_o musaeus_n as_o diogenes_n laërtius_n other_o to_o other_o author_n among_o who_o architas_n tarentinus_n be_v not_o forget_v as_o one_o that_o be_v esteem_v the_o rare_a mathematician_n of_o his_o time_n but_o all_o these_o be_v outstripped_n by_o archimedes_n the_o syracusan_a mathematician_n who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v compose_v a_o sphere_n of_o transparent_a glass_n represent_v unto_o the_o life_n the_o whole_a frame_n of_o the_o heaven_n wherein_o the_o sun_n
tropic_n we_o account_v 23_o degree_n which_o add_v and_o resolve_v into_o mile_n will_v make_v the_o say_a sum_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o this_o zone_n be_v situate_a the_o great_a part_n of_o africa_n especial_o that_o of_o the_o abyssine_n which_o common_a opinion_n with_o little_a probability_n will_v have_v to_o be_v the_o empire_n of_o prester_n john_n also_o many_o land_n as_o java_n summatra_n taprobana_n beside_o a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o south_n of_o america_n call_v peruana_n it_o be_v imagine_v by_o the_o ancient_n as_o aristotle_n pliny_n ptolemy_n and_o many_o other_o philosopher_n poet_n and_o divine_n that_o this_o zone_n through_o extreme_a heat_n be_v altogether_o unhabitable_a for_o which_o cause_n they_o call_v it_o intemperate_a the_o reason_n of_o this_o conjecture_n be_v draw_v from_o the_o situation_n of_o this_o part_n in_o regard_n of_o that_o of_o the_o heaven_n for_o lie_v in_o the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o world_n the_o sun_n must_v of_o necessity_n cast_v his_o ray_n perpendicular_a that_o be_v to_o say_v at_o right_a angle_n now_o according_a to_o the_o ground_n of_o peripatetic_n philosophy_n the_o idol_n of_o this_o age_n the_o heat_n derive_v from_o the_o sun_n arise_v from_o the_o reflection_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n against_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n wherefore_o the_o heat_n be_v there_o conjecture_v to_o be_v great_a where_o the_o reflection_n be_v find_v to_o be_v great_a but_o the_o great_a reflection_n according_a to_o all_o mathematician_n must_v be_v in_o this_o torrid_a zone_n where_o the_o sun_n dart_v forth_o his_o ray_n at_o right_a angle_n which_o reflect_v back_o upon_o themselves_o which_o false_a conjecture_n be_v a_o long_a time_n continue_v by_o the_o exuberant_a description_n of_o poet_n and_o defect_n of_o navigation_n have_v as_o yet_o scarce_o pass_v her_o infancy_n but_o how_o far_o these_o surmise_n come_v short_a of_o truth_n we_o shall_v declare_v in_o our_o second_o part_n to_o which_o we_o have_v reserve_v those_o physical_a and_o historical_a discourse_n concern_v the_o quality_n and_o property_n of_o the_o earth_n 7_o the_o intemperate_a cold_a zone_n be_v those_o which_o be_v include_v betwixt_o the_o polar_a circle_n and_o the_o pole_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v northern_a contain_v in_o the_o arctic_a circle_n the_o other_o southern_a in_o the_o antarcticke_a these_o two_o zone_n be_v not_o make_v out_o of_o the_o combination_n of_o two_o circle_n as_o the_o former_a but_o by_o one_o circle_n with_o relation_n to_o the_o pole_n the_o greatness_n and_o extent_n of_o this_o zone_n be_v about_o 23_o degree_n and_o a_o half_a which_o resolve_v into_o italian-mile_n will_v produce_v 1380._o the_o northern_a cold_a zone_n contain_v in_o it_o groenland_n fineland_n and_o diverse_a other_o northern_a region_n whereof_o some_o be_v partly_o discover_v and_o set_v out_o in_o our_o ordinary_a map_n other_o some_o not_o yet_o detect_v for_o the_o other_o zone_n under_o the_o antarctic_a pole_n it_o consist_v of_o the_o same_o greatness_n as_o we_o know_v by_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o globe_n have_v other_o such_o accident_n correspondent_a as_o the_o northern_a so_o far_o forth_o as_o they_o respect_v the_o heaven_n for_o other_o matter_n they_o lie_v hide_v in_o the_o vast_a gulf_n of_o obscurity_n this_o port_n have_v never_o yet_o for_o aught_o i_o know_v expose_v herself_o to_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o christian_a world_n whether_o these_o two_o zone_n be_v without_o habitation_n by_o reason_n of_o intemperate_a cold_a as_o the_o other_o have_v be_v think_v by_o reason_n of_o too_o much_o heat_n we_o shall_v in_o due_a place_n examine_v 8_o the_o temperate_a zone_n be_v the_o space_n contain_v betwixt_o the_o tropic_n &_o the_o polar_a circle_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v northern_a contain_v betwixt_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n and_o the_o arctic_a circle_n the_o other_o southern_a comprehend_v betwixt_o the_o tropic_n of_o capricorn_n and_o the_o antarcticke_a circle_n why_o these_o zone_n be_v term_v temperate_a diverse_a reason_n be_v allege_v 1_o because_o the_o sunbeam_n here_o be_v cast_v oblique_o on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o by_o consequence_n can_v produce_v so_o much_o heat_n as_o in_o those_o place_n where_o they_o be_v dart_v perpendicular_o if_o we_o only_o consider_v the_o constitution_n and_o site_n of_o the_o heaven_n for_o as_o we_o shall_v hereafter_o prove_v this_o may_v sometime_o be_v alter_v by_o the_o disposition_n of_o some_o particular_a place_n 2_o it_o may_v be_v call_v the_o temperate_a zone_n because_o it_o seem_v mix_v of_o both_o extreme_n partake_v in_o some_o measure_n the_o both_o quality_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a the_o one_o from_o the_o torrid_a the_o other_o from_o the_o frigid_a zone_n 3_o because_o in_o these_o zone_n the_o distance_n betwixt_o summer_n and_o winter_n be_v very_o remarkable_a have_v a_o middle_a difference_n of_o time_n betwixt_o they_o as_o compound_v of_o both_o extreme_n these_o temperate_a zone_n include_v betwixt_o the_o tropic_n and_o the_o polar_a circle_n be_v twofold_a as_o the_o circle_n the_o northern_a temperate_a zone_n comprehend_v of_o the_o tropic_n of_o cancer_n and_o the_o arctic_a circle_n contain_v in_o it_o the_o upper_a and_o high_a part_n of_o africa_n stretch_v even_o to_o the_o mountain_n atlas_n moreover_o in_o it_o be_v place_v all_o europe_n even_o to_o the_o northern_a land_n in_o the_o arctic_a zone_n and_o a_o great_a part_n also_o of_o asia_n the_o other_o temperate_a zone_n lie_v towards_o the_o south_n be_v not_o so_o well_o know_v be_v far_o distant_a from_o our_o habitation_n and_o await_v as_o yet_o the_o far_a industry_n of_o our_o english_a and_o dutch_a navigator_n the_o breadth_n of_o this_o zone_n as_o the_o other_o contain_v about_o 43_o degree_n which_o be_v the_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o tropic_n and_o the_o polar_a circle_n which_o multiply_v by_o 60_o will_v be_v resolve_v into_o 2580_o italian-mile_n 1_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v the_o great_a of_o all_o next_o be_v the_o two_o temperate_a zone_n the_o cold_a zone_n the_o least_o of_o all_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v find_v to_o be_v great_a as_o well_v in_o regard_n of_o longitude_n as_o latitude_n and_o be_v divide_v by_o the_o equatour_n into_o two_o half_n the_o next_o be_v the_o temperate_a but_o the_o two_o cold_a zone_n howsoever_o equal_v in_o diameter_n to_o the_o torrid_a be_v notwithstanding_o least_o of_o all_o where_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o every_o zone_n be_v of_o the_o same_o latitude_n from_o north_n to_o south_n begin_v where_o we_o will_v because_o it_o be_v contain_v betwixt_o two_o equidistant_a circle_n but_o all_o enjoy_v not_o the_o same_o longitude_n from_o east_n to_o west_n for_o the_o part_n of_o every_o zone_n by_o how_o much_o near_o they_o be_v to_o the_o equatour_n so_o much_o great_a longitude_n will_v they_o have_v by_o how_o much_o near_o the_o pole_n they_o be_v so_o much_o the_o less_o longitude_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o parallel_n towards_o the_o pole_n grow_v always_o lesser_o and_o lesser_a the_o invention_n of_o the_o quantity_n of_o the_o zone_n before_o mention_v may_v brief_o thus_o be_v perform_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o torrid_a zone_n be_v so_o much_o as_o the_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o tropicke_n which_o be_v astronomical_o ground_v on_o the_o great_a declination_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v double_v this_o declination_n be_v by_o clavius_n and_o other_o find_v to_o be_v 23_o degree_n 30_o scrup_n which_o be_v double_v will_v produce_v 47_o which_o again_o multiply_v by_o 60_o and_o resolve_v into_o mile_n will_v amount_v to_o 2820_o though_o the_o odd_a scruple_n of_o many_o author_n be_v neglect_v the_o latitude_n of_o the_o cold_a zone_n be_v also_o draw_v from_o the_o great_a declination_n of_o the_o sun_n for_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o pole_n circle_n from_o the_o pole_n itself_o be_v just_a so_o much_o as_o the_o declination_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a from_o the_o equatour_n to_o wit_n of_o 23_o degree_n 30_o scrup_n to_o which_o answer_n according_a to_o the_o former_a rule_n 1420_o italian-mile_n the_o invention_n of_o the_o latitude_n of_o the_o temperate_a zone_n depend_v from_o the_o subtraction_n of_o the_o distance_n of_o the_o pole_n of_o the_o ecliptic_a from_o the_o equatour_n that_o be_v from_o the_o great_a declination_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v double_v from_o the_o whole_a quadrant_a in_o which_o subduction_n the_o residue_n will_v be_v 43_o to_o which_o will_v answer_v 2580_o italian-mile_n 1_o the_o zone_n wherein_o any_o place_n be_v seat_v may_v be_v know_v either_o by_o the_o globe_n or_o geographical_a table_n or_o else_o by_o the_o table_n of_o latitude_n by_o the_o globe_n or_o universal_a map_n we_o may_v know_v it_o by_o the_o diligent_a observation_n of_o the_o four_o equidistant_a circle_n for_o if_o we_o
92_o 3_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o sea_n be_v carry_v somewhere_o from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o somewhere_o from_o north_n to_o south_n &_o contrariwise_o 98_o 4_o of_o the_o violent_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n cause_v by_o wind_n 101_o 5_o to_o some_o certain_a place_n at_o certain_a time_n belong_v certain_a wind_n 102_o 6_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o wind_n make_v the_o sea_n sometime_o in_o some_o place_n transcend_v his_o ordinary_a bound_n 103_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o depth_n situation_n and_o termination_n of_o the_o sea_n 1_o the_o ordinary_a depth_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v common_o answerable_a to_o the_o ordinary_a height_n of_o the_o main_a land_n above_o the_o water_n and_o the_o whirlpool_n &_o extraordinary_a depth_n answer_v to_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mountain_n above_o the_o ordinary_a height_n of_o the_o earth_n 104_o 2_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v somewhere_o high_a than_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o earth_n somewhere_o low_a 109_o 3_o the_o sea_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v high_a in_o one_o place_n then_o another_o 111_o 4_o the_o water_n be_v so_o divide_v from_o the_o dry-land_n that_o the_o quantity_n of_o water_n be_v great_a in_o the_o southern_a hemisphere_n of_o land_n in_o the_o northern_a 115_o 5_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v environ_v round_o with_o sea_n betwixt_o east_n and_o west_n 116_o 6_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o earth_n be_v enuirnoe_v round_o with_o water_n from_o north_n to_o south_n of_o the_o northwest_n passage_n 117_o chap._n viii_o ofsea_n traffic_n and_o merchandise_n 1_o navigation_n first_o teach_v by_o almighty_a god_n be_v afterward_o second_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o famous_a man_n in_o all_o age_n 132_o 2_o navigation_n be_v very_o necessary_a as_o well_o for_o the_o increase_n of_o knowledge_n as_o riches_n 135_o chap._n ix_o of_o pedography_n rivers_n lake_n and_o fountain_n in_o the_o earth_n 1_o all_o river_n have_v their_o original_n from_o the_o sea_n the_o mother_n of_o river_n 142_o 2_o all_o river_n and_o fountain_n be_v not_o from_o the_o beginning_n 155_o 3_o many_o river_n be_v for_o a_o great_a space_n of_o land_n swallow_v up_o of_o the_o earth_n whereof_o some_o after_o a_o certain_a distance_n rise_v again_o 156_o 4_o river_n for_o the_o most_o part_n rise_v out_o of_o great_a mountain_n and_o at_o last_o by_o diverse_a or_o one_o inlet_n be_v disburden_v into_o the_o sea_n 157_o 5_o diverse_a fountain_n be_v endow_v with_o diverse_a admirable_a virtue_n and_o operation_n 159_o 6_o place_n near_o great_a river_n and_o lake_n be_v most_o commodious_a for_o habitation_n 162_o 7_o of_o lake_n and_o their_o cause_n 162_o 8_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o some_o lake_n have_v some_o secret_a intercourse_n with_o the_o sea_n under_o ground_n 163_o chap._n x._o of_o mountain_n valley_n plaine-region_n woody_a and_o champion_n country_n 1_o mountain_n valley_n and_o plain_n be_v create_v in_o the_o beginning_n and_o few_o make_v by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o deluge_n 165_o 2_o the_o perpendicular_a height_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n seldom_o exceed_v 10_o furlong_n 169_o 3_o the_o ordinary_a height_n of_o the_o land_n above_o the_o sea_n in_o diverse_a place_n be_v more_o than_o the_o height_n of_o the_o high_a mountain_n above_o the_o ordinary_a face_n of_o the_o earth_n 171_o 4_o mountain_n country_n be_v common_o cold_a than_o plain_a 172_o 5_o mountain_n since_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n have_v still_o decrease_v in_o their_o quantity_n and_o so_o will_v unto_o the_o end_n 174_o 6_o of_o wood_n and_o their_o nature_n 178_o 7_o wood_n be_v not_o so_o frequent_a or_o great_a as_o in_o ancient_a time_n 179_o 8_o place_n moderate_o situate_a towards_o the_o north_n or_o south-pole_n abound_v more_o in_o wood_n then_o near_o the_o equatour_n 180_o chap._n xi_o of_o land_n and_o continent_n 1_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o land_n be_v not_o from_o the_o first_o beginning_n but_o be_v afterward_o make_v by_o violence_n of_o the_o water_n 184_o 2_o peninsula_n by_o violence_n of_o the_o sea_n fret_v through_o the_o isthmus_n have_v oftentimes_o turn_v into_o land_n and_o contrariwise_o peninsalas_o by_o diminution_n of_o the_o sea_n make_v of_o land_n 189_o chap._n xii_o of_o inundation_n and_o earthquake_n 1_o no_o universal_a inundation_n of_o the_o earth_n can_v be_v natural_a the_o other_o may_v depend_v from_o natural_a cause_n 193_o 2_o particular_a alteration_n have_v happen_v to_o the_o bond_n of_o country_n by_o particular_a inundation_n 195_o 3_o certain_a region_n by_o reason_n of_o great_a river_n be_v subject_a to_o certain_a anniversary_n inundation_n 197_o 4_o region_n extreme_a cold_a or_o extreme_a hot_a be_v not_o so_o subject_a to_o earthquake_n as_o place_n of_o a_o middle_a temper_n 201_o 5_o hollow_a and_o spongy_a place_n be_v more_o subject_a to_o earthquake_n then_o solid_a and_o compact_a soil_n 202_o 6_o land_n be_v more_o often_o trouble_v with_o earthquake_n then_o the_o continent_n 203_o chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o original_a of_o inhabitant_n 1_o all_o nation_n have_v their_o first_o original_n from_o one_o stock_n whence_o afterward_o they_o become_v divide_v 206_o 2_o the_o first_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v plant_v in_o paradise_n and_o thence_o translate_v to_o the_o place_n adjoin_v 208_o 3_o the_o first_o plantation_n of_o inhabitant_n immediate_o after_o the_o deluge_n begin_v in_o the_o east_n 213_o chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o disposition_n of_o inhabitant_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o site_n 1_o the_o people_n of_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n as_o well_o in_o riches_n and_o magnificence_n as_o valour_n science_n and_o civil_a government_n far_o surpass_v the_o people_n of_o the_o south_n hemisphere_n 221_o 2_o the_o extreme_a inhabitant_n towards_o the_o pole_n be_v in_o complexion_n hot_a and_o moist_a those_o towards_o the_o equatour_n cold_a and_o dry_a those_o of_o the_o middle_a partake_n of_o a_o middle_a temper_n 226_o 3_o the_o extreme_a inhabitant_n towards_o the_o pole_n be_v natural_o incline_v to_o mechanical_a work_n and_o martial_a endeavour_n the_o extreme_a towards_o the_o equatour_n to_o work_n of_o religion_n and_o contemplation_n the_o middle_n to_o law_n and_o civility_n 232_o 4_o the_o people_n of_o the_o extreme_a region_n towards_o the_o pole_n in_o martial_a prowess_n have_v common_o prove_v strong_a than_o those_o near_a the_o equatour_n but_o the_o middle_a people_n more_o provident_a then_o either_o in_o the_o establishment_n and_o preservation_n of_o commonwealth_n 236_o 5_o the_o extreme_a region_n in_o manner_n action_n and_o custom_n be_v clean_o opposite_a the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o the_o middle_n partake_v a_o mixture_n of_o both_o 239_o 6_o the_o people_n of_o the_o eastern_a hemisphere_n in_o science_n religion_n civility_n and_o magnificence_n and_o almost_o in_o every_o thing_n else_o be_v far_o superior_a to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o western_a 250_o 7_o the_o western_a people_n have_v be_v observe_v to_o be_v more_o happy_a and_o able_a in_o martial_a discipline_n the_o eastern_a in_o witty_a contemplation_n and_o contemplative_a science_n 252_o 8_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o the_o western_a hemisphere_n be_v people_v before_o the_o western_a 255_o chap._n xv._n of_o the_o diversity_n of_o disposition_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o soil_n 1_o mountaine-people_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n more_o stout_a warlike_a and_o generous_a than_o those_o of_o plain_a country_n yet_o less_o tractable_a to_o government_n 256_o 2_o windy_a region_n produce_v man_n of_o wild_a and_o instable_a disposition_n but_o quiet_a region_n more_o constant_a and_o courteous_a 273_o chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o disposition_n of_o inhabitant_n according_a to_o their_o original_n and_o education_n 1_o colony_n translate_v from_o one_o region_n into_o another_o far_a remote_a retain_v a_o long_a time_n their_o first_o disposition_n though_o by_o little_a &_o little_a they_o decline_v and_o suffer_v alteration_n 278_o 2_o the_o mixture_n of_o colonies_n beget_v the_o same_o nation_n a_o great_a disparity_n and_o variety_n of_o the_o nation_n among_o themselves_o 278_o 3_o education_n have_v a_o great_a force_n in_o the_o alteration_n of_o natural_a disposition_n yet_o so_o as_o by_o accident_n remit_v they_o soon_o return_v to_o their_o proper_a temper_n  _fw-fr 4_o by_o discipline_n nation_n become_v more_o wise_a and_o politic_a in_o the_o preservation_n of_o state_n yet_o less_o stout_a and_o courageous_a 283_o the_o analysis_n of_o the_o second_o book_n general_n which_o of_o a_o place_n general_o take_v without_o any_o special_a division_n handle_v the_o adjunct_n and_o propriety_n these_o agree_v to_o a_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o earth_n itself_o which_o be_v internal_a or_o external_a common_a or_o magnetical_a whereof_o chapter_n 2._o heaven_n which_o be_v general_n or_o special_a chapt._n 3_o
the_o four_o first_o quality_n of_o heat_n cold_a drought_n and_o moisture_n whereon_o depend_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o disposition_n not_o only_o of_o the_o soil_n but_o also_o of_o man_n body_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o one_o ordinary_o borrow_v his_o fruitfulness_n or_o barrenness_n of_o these_o first_o quality_n and_o the_o other_o have_v his_o vital_a organ_n which_o be_v the_o minister_n of_o the_o soul_n much_o affect_v with_o they_o in_o so_o much_o as_o some_o philosopher_n have_v undertake_v to_o define_v all_o the_o difference_n of_o man_n wit_n and_o intellectual_a faculty_n out_o of_o the_o temperament_n of_o the_o brain_n according_a to_o these_o four_o accident_n and_o what_o physician_n will_v not_o acknowledge_v all_o these_o quality_n and_o their_o mixture_n to_o challenge_v a_o extraordinary_a pre-eminence_n in_o the_o disposition_n and_o constitution_n of_o man_n body_n who_o mixture_n be_v the_o first_o ground_n of_o health_n or_o sickness_n the_o second_o mean_n whereby_o the_o heaven_n may_v cause_v a_o diversity_n of_o temper_n in_o diverse_a place_n be_v from_o the_o special_a influence_n of_o some_o particular_a star_n and_o constellation_n incident_a to_o particular_a place_n for_o it_o be_v blockish_a to_o imagine_v that_o so_o many_o various_a star_n of_o diverse_a colour_n and_o magnitude_n shall_v be_v set_v in_o the_o firmament_n to_o no_o other_o use_n then_o to_o give_v light_n to_o the_o world_n and_o distinguish_v the_o time_n since_o the_o ordinary_a physician_n can_v easy_o discover_v the_o moon_n influence_n by_o the_o increase_n of_o humour_n in_o man_n body_n and_o the_o experience_n of_o astrologer_n will_v warrant_v much_o more_o by_o their_o observation_n as_o assign_v to_o each_o particular_a aspect_n of_o the_o heaven_n a_o particular_a and_o special_a influence_n and_o operation_n now_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o all_o aspect_n of_o the_o heaven_n can_v point_v out_o and_o design_n all_o place_n alike_o for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o beam_n wherein_o it_o be_v convey_v be_v somewhere_o perpendicular_o other_o where_o oblique_o dart_v and_o that_o more_o or_o less_o according_a to_o the_o place_n whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o neither_o all_o place_n can_v enjoy_v the_o same_o temperament_n nor_o the_o same_o measure_n and_o proportion_n yet_o we_o say_v not_o that_o the_o heavenly_a body_n have_v any_o power_n to_o impose_v a_o necessity_n upon_o the_o will_n and_o disposition_n of_o man_n but_o only_o a_o inclination_n for_o the_o star_n work_v not_o immediate_o on_o the_o intellectual_a part_n or_o mind_n of_o man_n but_o mediate_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o depend_v on_o the_o temperament_n and_o material_a organ_n of_o the_o body_n but_o of_o this_o we_o shall_v especial_o speak_v hereafter_o where_o god_n will_v shall_v be_v open_v the_o manner_n of_o this_o celestial_a operation_n by_o this_o we_o may_v understand_v how_o far_o the_o heaven_n have_v power_n to_o cause_v a_o diversity_n in_o place_n and_o nation_n the_o second_o reason_n may_v be_v the_o imbred_a quality_n figure_n and_o site_n of_o the_o place_n themselves_o for_o that_o there_o be_v another_o cause_n of_o diversity_n beside_o the_o situation_n of_o place_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n may_v easy_o be_v prove_v out_o of_o experience_n for_o we_o find_v that_o place_n situate_v under_o the_o same_o latitude_n partake_v of_o a_o diverse_a and_o opposite_a temper_n and_o disposition_n as_o the_o middle_n of_o spain_n about_o toledo_n which_o be_v very_o hot_a and_o the_o southermost_a bind_v of_o virginia_n which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v temperate_a betwixt_o both_o all_o which_o notwithstanding_o be_v under_o the_o selfsame_o latitude_n or_o very_o near_o without_o any_o sensible_a degree_n of_o difference_n also_o we_o sometime_o find_v place_n more_o southward_o towards_o the_o equatour_n to_o partake_v more_o of_o cold_a than_o such_o as_o be_v more_o northern_a as_o the_o top_n of_o the_o alps_o be_v perpetual_o cover_v with_o snow_n be_v without_o question_n cold_a than_o england_n although_o they_o lie_v near_o to_o the_o equinoctial_a likewise_o aluares_n report_v that_o he_o see_v ice_n upon_o the_o water_n in_o the_o abyssine_n country_n in_o the_o month_n of_o july_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v near_o or_o under_o the_o line_n and_o martin_n frobisher_n relate_v that_o he_o find_v the_o air_n about_o friezland_n more_o cold_a &_o stormy_a about_o 61_o degree_n then_o in_o other_o place_n near_o 70_o degree_n wherefore_o we_o must_v needs_o ascribe_v some_o effect_n and_o operation_n to_o the_o soil_n itself_o first_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o superficies_n which_o be_v diverse_o vary_v with_o wood_n rivers_n marsh_n rock_n mountain_n valley_n plain_n whence_o a_o double_a variety_n arise_v first_o of_o the_o four_o first_o quality_n which_o be_v cause_v by_o the_o sunbeam_n be_v diverse_o project_v according_a to_o the_o conformity_n of_o the_o place_n second_o of_o meteor_n and_o exhalation_n draw_v up_o from_o the_o earth_n into_o the_o air_n both_o which_o concur_v must_v needs_o cause_v a_o great_a variety_n in_o man_n disposition_n according_a to_o that_o proverb_n athenis_fw-la tenâ—e_fw-la coelum_fw-la thebis_fw-la crassum_fw-la or_o that_o bitter_a taunt_n of_o the_o poet_n on_o boeotian_n boeotum_fw-la in_o crasso_fw-la iurares_fw-la aëre_fw-la natum_fw-la for_o ordinary_a experience_n will_v often_o show_v that_o a_o thin_a and_o sharp_a air_n usual_o produce_v the_o best_a wit_n as_o contrariwise_o gross_a and_o thick_a vapour_n draw_v from_o muddy_a and_o marish_a ground_n thicken_v and_o stupefy_v the_o spirit_n and_o produce_v man_n common_o of_o blockish_a and_o hoggish_a disposition_n and_o nature_n unapt_a for_o learning_n and_o unfit_a for_o civil_a conversation_n second_o there_o must_v needs_o be_v grant_v to_o special_a country_n certain_a specifical_a quality_n which_o produce_v a_o certain_a sympathy_n or_o antipathy_n in_o respect_n of_o some_o thing_n or_o other_o whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o some_o plant_n and_o herb_n which_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n spring_n out_o of_o the_o earth_n in_o some_o country_n be_v find_v to_o pine_v &_o wither_v in_o other_o some_o beast_n and_o serpent_n be_v in_o some_o place_n seldom_o know_v to_o breed_v or_o live_v wherewith_o notwithstanding_o other_o region_n swarm_v in_o abundance_n as_o for_o example_n ireland_n wherein_o no_o serpent_n or_o venomous_a worm_n have_v be_v know_v to_o live_v whereby_o africa_n and_o many_o other_o country_n find_v no_o small_a molestation_n neither_o be_v this_o variety_n only_o show_v in_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o kind_n but_o also_o in_o the_o variation_n of_o thing_n in_o the_o same_o kind_n whereof_o we_o may_v produce_v infinite_a example_n for_o who_o know_v not_o which_o be_v a_o physician_n that_o many_o simple_n apt_a for_o medicine_n grow_v in_o our_o land_n come_v far_o short_a in_o virtue_n of_o those_o which_o be_v gather_v in_o other_o country_n i_o need_v among_o many_o ordinary_a instance_n give_v no_o other_o than_o in_o our_o rhubarb_n and_o tobacco_n whereof_o the_o former_a grow_v in_o our_o country_n except_o in_o case_n of_o extremity_n be_v of_o no_o use_n with_o our_o physician_n the_o other_o as_o much_o scorn_v of_o our_o ordinary_a tobacconist_n yet_o both_o general_o derive_v from_o the_o true_a mother_n the_o indies_n in_o great_a use_n and_o request_n but_o of_o this_o last_o instance_n be_v most_o common_a and_o yet_o for_o their_o ignorance_n of_o the_o true_a cause_n most_o admirable_a the_o cause_n of_o the_o former_a might_n in_o some_o sort_n be_v find_v out_o either_o in_o the_o heaven_n or_o in_o the_o elementary_a nature_n of_o the_o earth_n but_o some_o special_a propriety_n have_v discover_v themselves_o which_o can_v be_v imagine_v to_o owe_v their_o cause_n to_o either_o but_o to_o some_o three_o original_a which_o the_o physician_n in_o their_o simple_n more_o proper_o term_n virtus_fw-la specifica_fw-la if_o any_o man_n shall_v demand_v why_o country_n far_o from_o the_o course_n of_o the_o sun_n shall_v be_v find_v hot_a than_o some_o which_o be_v near_a why_o the_o rhenish_a wine_n grape_n transport_v from_o germany_n into_o spain_n shall_v yield_v we_o the_o sherry_n sack_n every_o ordinary_a philosopher_n which_o have_v travel_v little_a beyond_o aristotle_n materia_fw-la prima_fw-la will_v be_v ready_a to_o hammer_v out_o a_o cause_n as_o ascribe_v the_o former_a to_o the_o height_n or_o depression_n of_o the_o soil_n the_o latter_a to_o the_o excess_n of_o heat_n in_o spain_n above_o that_o of_o germany_n but_o shall_v we_o far_o demand_v 1_o why_o ireland_n with_o some_o other_o region_n endure_v no_o venomous_a thing_n 2_o why_o wheat_n in_o s._n thomas_n island_n shall_v shut_v up_o all_o into_o the_o blade_n and_o never_o bear_v grain_n 3_o why_o in_o the_o same_o island_n no_o fruit_n which_o have_v any_o stone_n in_o
it_o great_a at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o solstice_n the_o reflection_n be_v great_a approach_a near_o to_o right_v angle_n if_o we_o consider_v the_o earth_n we_o shall_v find_v no_o reason_n at_o all_o why_o the_o heat_n shall_v be_v more_o predominant_a at_o this_o time_n then_o another_o then_o must_v we_o of_o necessity_n ascribe_v it_o to_o a_o special_a influence_n of_o the_o dogstar_n be_v in_o conjunction_n with_o the_o sun_n many_o other_o instance_n may_v be_v here_o produce_v but_o i_o hold_v it_o needless_a be_v a_o matter_n consent_v to_o among_o most_o philosopher_n the_o second_o point_n concern_v the_o extent_n and_o limitation_n of_o this_o operation_n in_o inferior_a body_n for_o unfold_n of_o which_o point_n we_o must_v know_v that_o this_o operation_n may_v have_v respect_n either_o to_o the_o element_n of_o earth_n and_o aire_n or_o else_o to_o the_o inhabitant_n reside_v on_o the_o earth_n for_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o heaven_n upon_o the_o elementary_a mass_n experience_n itself_o will_v warrant_v yet_o with_o this_o limitation_n that_o this_o operation_n be_v measure_v and_o square_v according_a to_o the_o matter_n whereinto_o it_o be_v receive_v as_o for_o example_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o moon_n more_o operative_a and_o predominant_a in_o moist_a body_n then_o in_o other_o partake_v less_o of_o this_o quality_n likewise_o the_o heat_n cause_v by_o the_o sun_n more_o fervent_a where_o it_o meet_v with_o a_o subject_n which_o be_v more_o capable_a whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o one_o country_n be_v find_v hot_a than_o another_o although_o subject_n to_o the_o same_o latitude_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n for_o howsoever_o the_o action_n of_o the_o heaven_n be_v always_o the_o same_o and_o uniform_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n itself_o yet_o must_v the_o same_o be_v measure_v and_o limit_v according_a to_o the_o subject_n into_o which_o it_o be_v impress_v for_o the_o inhabitant_n we_o be_v to_o distinguish_v in_o they_o a_o twofold_a nature_n the_o one_o material_a as_o partake_v of_o the_o element_n whereof_o every_o mix_a body_n be_v compound_v the_o other_o spiritual_a as_o that_o of_o the_o soul_n the_o former_a we_o can_v exempt_v from_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o heaven_n for_o as_o much_o as_o every_o physician_n can_v tell_v how_o much_o the_o humour_n and_o part_n of_o our_o body_n be_v stir_v by_o celestial_a influence_n especial_o by_o the_o moon_n according_a to_o who_o change_n our_o body_n daily_o undergo_v a_o alteration_n for_o the_o humane_a soul_n how_o far_o it_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o star_n be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a consequence_n yet_o may_v we_o in_o some_o sort_n clear_v the_o doubt_n by_o this_o one_o distinction_n the_o heaven_n may_v be_v say_v to_o have_v a_o operation_n upon_o the_o soul_n two_o manner_n of_o way_n first_o immediate_o by_o itself_o second_o mediate_o by_o the_o humour_n and_o corporeal_a organ_n whereof_o the_o soul_n operation_n depend_v the_o first_o we_o absolute_o deny_v for_o the_o soul_n be_v a_o immaterial_a substance_n can_v be_v wrought_v upon_o by_o a_o material_a agent_n as_o philosopher_n affirm_v for_o the_o second_o it_o may_v be_v grant_v without_o any_o absurdity_n for_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o soul_n depend_v mere_o on_o material_a and_o corporeal_a organ_n the_o elementary_a matter_n whereof_o these_o organ_n consist_v be_v subject_a to_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o heaven_n as_o any_o other_o elementary_a matter_n so_o that_o we_o may_v affirm_v the_o heaven_n in_o some_o sort_n to_o govern_v man_n mind_n and_o disposition_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o they_o depend_v upon_o the_o bodily_a instrument_n but_o here_o we_o must_v note_v by_o the_o way_n that_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o infer_v a_o necessity_n another_o thing_n to_o give_v a_o inclination_n the_o former_a we_o can_v absolute_o aver_v for_o as_o much_o as_o man_n will_n which_o be_v the_o commandress_n of_o his_o action_n 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the_o temper_n of_o the_o air_n but_o also_o in_o the_o disposition_n and_o complexion_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n both_o which_o we_o shall_v more_o special_o declare_v the_o former_a in_o this_o chapter_n the_o other_o in_o due_a place_n wherein_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o treat_v of_o the_o material_a constitution_n and_o manner_n of_o diverse_a nation_n 2_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o heaven_n a_o place_n may_v be_v divide_v two_o way_n first_o into_o the_o north_n and_o south_n second_o into_o the_o east_n and_o west_n 3_o any_o place_n be_v say_v to_o be_v northern_a which_o lie_v betwixt_o the_o equatour_n and_o arctic_a pole_n southern_a betwixt_o the_o equatour_n and_o the_o antarcticke-pole_n the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n as_o we_o have_v former_o teach_v be_v divide_v by_o the_o equatour_n into_o two_o hemisphere_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v call_v northern_a lie_v towards_o the_o northern_a or_o arctic_a pole_n the_o other_o towards_o the_o other_o pole_n be_v call_v the_o southern_a but_o here_o to_o clear_v all_o doubt_n we_o must_v understand_v that_o a_o place_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v northern_a or_o southern_a two_o manner_n of_o way_n either_o absolute_o or_o respective_o absolute_o northern_a and_o southern_a place_n be_v term_v when_o they_o be_v situate_v in_o the_o northern_a or_o southern_a hemisphere_n as_o we_o have_v teach_v in_o this_o definition_n but_o such_o as_o be_v respective_o northern_a may_v be_v understand_v of_o such_o region_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v situate_a near_o the_o pole_n the_o other_o near_a the_o equatour_n in_o the_o first_o place_n here_o we_o be_v to_o consider_v a_o place_n as_o it_o be_v absolute_o take_v to_o be_v either_o north_n or_o south_n concern_v which_o we_o will_v particular_o note_v these_o two_o theorem_n 1_o northern_a and_o southern_a place_n alike_o situate_a general_o enjoy_v a_o like_a disposition_n we_o have_v former_o grant_v to_o
holy_a scripture_n and_o it_o be_v not_o unlikely_a â—hat_n many_o of_o those_o 〈◊〉_d people_n fetch_v their_o first_o original_n from_o they_o the_o second_a cause_n may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o industry_n and_o labour_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o tillage_n and_o manure_v of_o the_o ground_n wherein_o the_o southern_a inhabitant_n have_v be_v more_o deficient_a foâ—_n it_o be_v certain_a out_o of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n that_o noah_n ark_n wherein_o be_v thâ—_n seminary_n of_o mankind_n and_o almost_o all_o other_o liuâ—â—g_v 〈◊〉_d rest_v in_o â—he_n northern_a part_n of_o the_o world_n whence_o both_o man_n and_o beast_n begin_v to_o be_v propagate_v towards_o the_o southâ—punc_fw-la no_o far_o than_o necessity_n enforce_v the_o region_n inhabit_v gâ—â—wing_v daily_o more_o and_o more_o populous_a and_o as_o iâ—_n be_v groan_v to_o be_v deliver_v oâ—_n some_o of_o her_o child_n hence_o may_v be_v infer_v too_o consecâ—aries_n first_o that_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n be_v 〈◊〉_d soon_o and_o be_v now_o therefore_o â—ore_o populous_a than_o the_o southern_a second_o that_o the_o chief_a and_o principal_a man_n which_o be_v best_a seat_v rathâ—r_n choose_v to_o keep_v their_o ancient_a habitation_n send_v such_o abroad_o who_o can_v either_o be_v best_a spare_v or_o have_v the_o small_a possession_n at_o home_n yet_o notwithstanding_o it_o can_v be_v imagine_v but_o they_o retain_v with_o they_o a_o sufficient_a company_n and_o more_o than_o go_v away_o out_o of_o which_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o northern_a half_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v best_o inhabit_v shall_v be_v best_o manure_v and_o culture_v from_o whence_o the_o ground_n must_v in_o time_n prove_v more_o fruitful_a and_o commodious_a for_o habitation_n for_o as_o a_o fruitful_a country_n for_o want_n of_o the_o due_a manure_a and_o tillage_n do_v degenerate_a and_o wax_v barren_a so_o diverse_a barren_a and_o sterile_a country_n have_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o 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former_a lie_v towards_o the_o equatour_n the_o second_o towards_o the_o pole_n the_o three_o betwixt_o both_o the_o ancient_a cosmographer_n as_o we_o have_v show_v in_o our_o former_a treatise_n divide_v the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n into_o five_o zone_n which_o they_o suppose_v have_v also_o proportional_o divide_v the_o temper_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o earth_n in_o such_o sort_n that_o according_a to_o the_o degree_n of_o latitude_n the_o heat_n and_o cold_a shall_v in_o rease_n or_o diminish_v which_o rule_n of_o they_o have_v be_v very_o certain_a be_v there_o no_o other_o cause_n concurrent_a in_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o air_n but_o only_o the_o heaven_n but_o since_o that_o many_o other_o concurrent_a cause_n as_o we_o have_v show_v mix_v themselves_o with_o these_o celestial_a operation_n and_o the_o experiment_n of_o navigatour_n have_v find_v out_o a_o disproportion_n in_o the_o quality_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o distance_n some_o late_a writer_n have_v seek_v out_o a_o new_a pertition_n more_o consonant_a to_o natural_a experience_n the_o whole_a latitude_n of_o the_o hemisphere_n consist_v of_o 90_o degree_n from_o the_o equatour_n to_o the_o pole_n they_o have_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n allow_v 30_o degree_n towards_o the_o equatour_n to_o heat_n 30_o degree_n towards_o the_o pole_n to_o cold_a and_o the_o other_o 30_o degree_n lie_v betwixt_o both_o to_o temperature_n these_o 30_o degree_n for_o imagination_n sake_n they_o have_v subdivide_v again_o each_o of_o they_o into_o two_o part_n contain_v 15_o degree_n a_o piece_n more_o particular_o to_o design_n out_o the_o special_a disposition_n of_o each_o region_n lie_v either_o northward_o or_o southward_o from_o the_o equatour_n which_o be_v the_o bind_v betwixt_o both_o hemisphere_n in_o the_o first_o section_n of_o 30_o degree_n lie_v northward_o from_o the_o equatour_n we_o comprehend_v in_o africa_n numidia_n nigritarum_fw-la regio_fw-la lybia_n guinia_n nubia_n egypt_n ethiopia_n superior_a in_o asia_n arabia_n india_n insulae_fw-la philippinae_fw-la in_o america_n nova_fw-la hispania_n hispaniola_n cuba_n with_o other_o part_n of_o america_n mexicana_n in_o the_o other_o extreme_a section_n from_o 60_o degree_n of_o latitude_n to_o the_o pole_n we_o comprehend_v in_o europe_n groenland_n island_n friesland_n norwey_n suethland_n for_o the_o most_o part_n nova_fw-la zembla_n in_o asia_n a_o great_a part_n of_o scythia_n orientalis_n in_o america_n anian_n quivira_n with_o diverse_a other_o part_n of_o the_o north_n of_o america_n mexicana_n in_o the_o middle_n betwixt_o both_o betwixt_o 30_o and_o 60_o degree_n of_o latitude_n we_o comprehend_v in_o africa_n barbary_n in_o europe_n all_o the_o kingdom_n except_o those_o north_n province_n before_o name_v and_o almost_o all_o asia_n except_o some_o place_n towards_o the_o south_n as_o arabia_n india_n and_o the_o philippinae_fw-la insulae_fw-la former_o place_v in_o the_o first_o section_n in_o like_a manner_n may_v we_o divide_v the_o southern_a hemisphere_n into_o three_o section_n in_o the_o first_o from_o the_o equatour_n 30_o degree_n we_o place_v in_o africa_n congo_n monomotapa_n madagascar_n in_o the_o southern_a tract_n beach_n and_o nova_fw-la guinia_n with_o many_o land_n thereunto_o adjoin_v as_o many_o of_o the_o philippinae_fw-la insulae_fw-la with_o insulae_fw-la solomonis_fw-la in_o america_n peru_n tisnada_n brasilia_n with_o the_o most_o part_n of_o that_o region_n which_o they_o call_v america_n peruana_n in_o the_o other_o extreme_a section_n from_o 60_o degree_n to_o the_o antarctike_a pole_n be_v couch_v the_o most_o part_n of_o that_o great_a land_n scarce_o yet_o discover_v call_v terra_fw-la australis_fw-la incognita_fw-la in_o the_o middle_a region_n betwixt_o both_o from_o 30_o to_o 60_o degree_n shall_v we_o find_v place_v in_o america_n the_o region_n of_o the_o pantagones_n in_o the_o southern_a continent_n maletur_fw-la javaminor_fw-la with_o many_o other_o in_o discover_v the_o quality_n of_o these_o several_a section_n or_o partition_n of_o the_o earth_n our_o chief_a discourse_n must_v be_v address_v to_o the_o northern_a hemisphere_n as_o that_o be_v more_o discover_v and_o know_v among_o old_a and_o new_a writer_n by_o which_o according_a to_o the_o former_a proposition_n one_o may_v parallel_v the_o other_o concern_v which_o we_o will_v infer_v these_o proposition_n 1_o in_o the_o first_o section_n of_o the_o hemisphere_n the_o first_o 15_o degree_n from_o the_o equatour_n be_v find_v somewhat_o temperate_a the_o other_o 15_o about_o the_o tropic_n exceed_v hot._n that_o the_o region_n lie_v under_o the_o equatour_n be_v temperate_o hot_a contrary_a to_o the_o opinion_n almost_o of_o all_o the_o ancient_n have_v be_v in_o part_n prove_v heretofore_o as_o well_o by_o reason_n as_o experiment_n for_o that_o all_o place_n by_o how_o much_o the_o near_o they_o approach_v the_o equatour_n by_o so_o much_o more_o shall_v be_v hot_a as_o some_o imagine_v diverse_a instance_n will_v contradict_v it_o be_v report_v by_o aluarez_n that_o the_o abyssine_a ambassador_n arrive_v at_o lisbon_n in_o portugal_n be_v there_o almost_o choke_v with_o extreme_a heat_n also_o pâ—rguer_n the_o german_n relate_v that_o he_o have_v feel_v the_o weather_n more_o hot_a about_o dantzicke_n and_o the_o baltic_a sea_n then_o at_o tholouse_n in_o a_o â—eruent_a summer_n the_o cause_n which_o we_o have_v before_o touch_v be_v chief_o two_o the_o first_o be_v that_o the_o sun_n be_v high_a in_o this_o orb_n in_o respect_n of_o those_o under_o the_o equatour_n and_o move_v more_o swift_o from_o they_o spend_v on_o they_o only_o twelve_o hour_n whence_o so_o great_a a_o impression_n of_o heat_n can_v be_v make_v as_o in_o other_o place_n for_o heat_n be_v a_o material_a quality_n must_v necessary_o require_v some_o latitude_n of_o time_n to_o be_v impress_v into_o the_o air_n or_o any_o other_o subject_n from_o the_o diminution_n of_o heat_n in_o the_o region_n must_v the_o air_n need_v receive_v into_o
itself_o the_o contrary_a quality_n of_o cold_a a_o argument_n of_o cold_a may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o testimony_n of_o alvarez_n who_o affirm_v the_o water_n there_o in_o the_o month_n of_o june_n to_o be_v freeze_v over_o with_o ice_n the_o south_n wind_n blow_v the_o second_o cause_n be_v by_o judicious_a writer_n ascribe_v to_o the_o subtlety_n and_o rarity_n of_o the_o air_n under_o the_o equinoctial_a line_n which_o can_v receive_v into_o itself_o so_o many_o degree_n of_o heat_n as_o the_o thick_a and_o gross_a air_n of_o diverse_a place_n distant_a for_o the_o north_n region_n wherein_o europe_n and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o asia_n be_v place_v be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n full_a of_o water_n which_o burst_v out_o of_o secret_a and_o unknown_a concavity_n do_v produce_v infinite_a fen_n gogs_o lake_n and_o marsh_n which_o in_o the_o summer_n season_n cause_n infinite_a vapour_n to_o abound_v which_o be_v intermix_v with_o heat_n scorch_v and_o heat_n more_o fervent_o than_o the_o pure_a air_n of_o africa_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n free_a from_o the_o mixture_n and_o concourse_n of_o such_o slimy_a vapour_n that_o the_o air_n be_v thicken_v shall_v yield_v a_o great_a fervour_n every_o man_n out_o of_o ordinary_a experience_n can_v frame_v to_o himself_o a_o argument_n for_o we_o see_v fire_n and_o heat_v be_v incorporate_v as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o steel_n or_o iron_n to_o burn_v and_o heat_n more_o than_o in_o air_n or_o wood._n the_o like_a reason_n some_o will_v draw_v from_o the_o keeper_n of_o stoâ—es_n or_o hot_a house_n which_o do_v besprinkle_v the_o ground_n with_o water_n that_o the_o vapour_n be_v contract_v and_o the_o air_n thicken_v they_o may_v the_o long_o and_o better_o maintain_v heat_n and_o spare_a fuel_n another_o cause_n which_o we_o have_v former_o touch_v may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o set_a and_o anniverwinde_n which_o blow_v most_o part_n of_o the_o year_n one_o way_n josephus_n acosta_n observe_v that_o betwixt_o the_o tropic_n the_o wind_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n easterly_n beyond_o westerly_a and_o a_o dutch-discoverer_n have_v relate_v that_o in_o guinea_n they_o have_v a_o certain_a wind_n which_o come_v from_o the_o land_n till_o noon_n and_o then_o very_a violent_a from_o the_o sea_n in_o so_o much_o as_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v wont_a to_o traffic_v in_o the_o morning_n be_v not_o able_a to_o endure_v it_o which_o if_o it_o be_v true_a we_o can_v imagine_v this_o region_n to_o be_v so_o hot_a as_o man_n suppose_v for_o here_o the_o heat_n in_o the_o night_n be_v assuage_v by_o the_o absence_n or_o remoteness_n of_o the_o sun_n likewise_o the_o excess_n of_o heat_n incident_a to_o noonetide_v be_v much_o qualify_v or_o as_o it_o shall_v seem_v by_o this_o relation_n altogether_o vanquish_v by_o the_o cold_a wind_n derive_v from_o the_o sea_n another_o reason_n no_o less_o probable_a may_v be_v derive_v from_o the_o excessive_a height_n of_o the_o land_n and_o great_a mountain_n observe_v to_o be_v near_o or_o under_o the_o line_n who_o top_n be_v always_o cover_v with_o snow_n which_o give_v a_o sufficient_a testimony_n of_o cold_a for_o instance_n we_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o the_o ridge_n of_o the_o mountain_n andâ—_n in_o america_n where_o they_o observe_v the_o air_n to_o be_v so_o chin_n and_o cold_a that_o it_o inforce_v they_o to_o scour_v and_o vomit_v which_o come_v near_o it_o the_o like_a whereof_o be_v relate_v of_o another_o call_v punas_n where_o the_o extremity_n of_o cold_a cut_v off_o their_o hand_n from_o which_o experience_n we_o may_v find_v some_o place_n near_o the_o line_n to_o be_v more_o infest_a with_o cold_a 〈◊〉_d heat_n the_o laâ—t_n and_o great_a â—eason_n may_v be_v take_v from_o the_o continual_a moisture_n wherewith_o the_o region_n situate_v betwixt_o the_o tropic_n frequent_o abound_v this_o moisture_n be_v derive_v from_o two_o cause_n 1_o from_o the_o melt_a of_o the_o snow_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n by_o the_o sun_n which_o run_v from_o thence_o continual_o into_o the_o valley_n keep_v they_o almost_o always_o waterish_a especial_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o summer_n when_o the_o sun_n be_v near_a 2_o from_o the_o extreme_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n which_o be_v very_o near_o and_o many_o time_n vertical_a raise_v up_o continual_o moist_a vapour_n in_o great_a quantity_n these_o vapourâ—_n in_o so_o short_a a_o time_n as_o 12_o hour_n be_v not_o consume_v but_o meeting_n with_o the_o cold_a from_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air_n be_v therewith_o convert_v into_o drop_n which_o fall_v down_o again_o in_o great_a shower_n in_o so_o much_o as_o some_o traveller_n of_o good_a credit_n have_v tell_v i_o that_o all_o the_o while_o they_o sail_v betwixt_o the_o tropic_n they_o seldom_o see_v the_o sun_n by_o reason_n of_o rain_n and_o cloudy_a vapour_n whence_o we_o note_v with_o josephus_n acosta_n by_o way_n of_o consectary_n that_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o sun_n betwixt_o the_o 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degree_n about_o the_o tropic_n howsoever_o subject_a to_o a_o lesser_a reflection_n to_o be_v excessive_a hot_a which_o late_a cause_n beside_o all_o which_o have_v be_v say_v before_o shall_v be_v further_o confirm_v hereafter_o by_o the_o complexion_n of_o the_o native_a inhabitant_n which_o we_o shall_v find_v to_o be_v choller-adust_a the_o true_a symptom_n of_o a_o external_a heat_n but_o if_o any_o man_n shall_v answer_v that_o this_o accident_n be_v incident_a as_o well_o to_o the_o region_n situate_v under_o the_o equatour_n as_o to_o that_o under_o the_o tropic_n i_o will_v produce_v another_o reason_n draw_v from_o the_o colour_n of_o their_o countenance_n which_o under_o the_o equatour_n be_v not_o see_v so_o black_a and_o swarthy_a as_o elsewhere_o for_o towards_o the_o tropic_n be_v place_v the_o land_n of_o blackmore_n or_o nigritarum_fw-la regio_fw-la where_o the_o people_n be_v all_o coalblack_a which_o may_v perhaps_o happen_v also_o to_o those_o that_o dwell_v under_o the_o other_o tropic_n but_o that_o other_o cause_n interpose_v themselves_o which_o hinder_v the_o excess_n of_o heat_n which_o be_v take_v to_o be_v the_o chief_a cause_n of_o this_o blackness_n here_o some_o will_v oppose_v the_o opinion_n of_o herodotus_n which_o refer_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o blackness_n in_o the_o negro_n to_o the_o seed_n which_o he_o will_v have_v to_o be_v black_a other_o will_v have_v this_o blackness_n as_o a_o curse_n inflict_v upon_o cham_n posterity_n but_o these_o opinion_n carry_v very_o little_a show_n of_o probability_n for_o first_o if_o this_o former_a opinion_n be_v admit_v it_o will_v of_o necessity_n follow_v say_v boden_n that_o ethiopian_n in_o scythia_n shall_v always_o be_v bear_v black_a and_o scythian_n in_o ethiopia_n shall_v be_v always_o white_a for_o as_o much_o as_o all_o nation_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o world_n have_v be_v confuse_v and_o mix_v by_o the_o distinction_n of_o colony_n but_o experience_n teach_v we_o that_o man_n trasplant_v into_o another_o soil_n will_v in_o manner_n of_o tree_n and_o plant_n by_o little_a and_o little_a degenerate_a and_o change_v their_o first_o disposition_n as_o if_o a_o blackmore_n marry_v and_o beget_v child_n here_o with_o we_o in_o england_n experience_n will_v plain_o declare_v the_o child_n to_o be_v more_o incline_v to_o whiteness_n then_o the_o father_n and_o the_o grand_a child_n more_o than_o they_o second_o if_o the_o second_o opinion_n of_o cham_n curse_n deserve_v any_o credit_n i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o all_o his_o posterity_n such_o as_o by_o most_o writer_n consent_v be_v general_o the_o people_n of_o africa_n shall_v not_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o same_o execration_n as_o well_o as_o one_o little_a parcel_n of_o it_o moreover_o it_o be_v report_v by_o pline_n and_o confirm_v by_o appian_n that_o in_o those_o place_n be_v many_o
black_a lion_n which_o we_o can_v ascribe_v to_o no_o other_o cause_n then_o the_o excess_n of_o heat_n and_o not_o to_o any_o quality_n of_o the_o seed_n or_o any_o curse_n inflict_v on_o the_o place_n moreover_o it_o be_v report_v by_o ferdinando_n de_fw-fr quir_n in_o his_o late_a discovery_n of_o the_o south_n continent_n that_o he_o there_o also_o find_v some_o black_a people_n yet_o can_v we_o not_o imagine_v this_o land_n though_o stretch_v very_o far_o in_o quantity_n towards_o the_o equinoctial_a to_o come_v so_o far_o or_o much_o far_a than_o the_o tropic_n of_o capricorn_n these_o argument_n make_v it_o the_o more_o probable_a that_o the_o region_n situate_v under_o the_o tropic_n general_o exceed_v more_o in_o heat_n than_o those_o place_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o earth_n under_o the_o line_n 2_o in_o the_o other_o extreme_a section_n from_o 60_o degree_n towards_o the_o pole_n the_o first_o 15_o degree_n towards_o the_o equatour_n be_v more_o moderate_o cold_a the_o other_o towards_o the_o pole_n most_o immoderate_o cold_a and_o unapt_a for_o convenient_a habitation_n that_o this_o section_n of_o 30_o degree_n comprehend_v betwixt_o the_o 60_o degree_n and_o the_o pole_n be_v in_o a_o sort_n habitable_a be_v confirm_v by_o the_o testimony_n of_o many_o navigatour_n especial_o the_o english_a and_o hollander_n who_o have_v adventure_v very_o far_o northward_o and_o have_v there_o find_v the_o earth_n though_o not_o so_o fruitful_a yet_o furnish_v with_o some_o commodity_n and_o people_v with_o inhabitant_n the_o first_o 15_o degree_n towards_o the_o equatour_n admit_v of_o no_o great_a exception_n contain_v in_o their_o extent_n finmarke_n bodia_n in_o scandia_n nova_fw-la zembla_n auian_n groenland_n with_o many_o other_o place_n indifferent_o discover_v where_o they_o have_v indeed_o find_v the_o air_n very_o cold_a in_o regard_n of_o this_o of_o we_o yet_o not_o so_o immoderate_a but_o that_o it_o can_v at_o all_o time_n agree_v with_o the_o natural_a temper_n of_o the_o native_a inhabitant_n and_o at_o least_o at_o some_o time_n of_o the_o year_n admit_v a_o passage_n for_o foreign_a nation_n but_o the_o other_o region_n stretch_v northward_o from_o 75_o degree_n to_o the_o pole_n itself_o howsoever_o it_o may_v be_v probable_o think_v habitable_a yet_o afford_v it_o no_o convenient_a mean_n and_o sustenance_n for_o man_n life_n in_o respect_n of_o other_o place_n neither_o can_v the_o people_n of_o this_o climate_n enjoy_v any_o good_a complexion_n or_o temperament_n of_o the_o four_o quality_n for_o as_o much_o as_o the_o cold_a with_o they_o be_v so_o predominant_a that_o it_o choke_v and_o almost_o extinguish_v the_o natural_a hâ—at_n whence_o hypocrates_n say_v that_o they_o be_v dry_v up_o which_o be_v a_o cause_n of_o their_o swarthy_a colour_n and_o dwarfish_a stature_n which_o assertion_n of_o he_o can_v obtain_v no_o credit_n but_o of_o such_o northern_a people_n as_o live_v near_o the_o pole_n nevertheless_o we_o shall_v not_o find_v these_o poor_a northern_a nation_n so_o destitute_a altogether_o of_o vital_a aide_n but_o that_o their_o want_n be_v in_o some_o sort_n recompense_v by_o the_o benefit_n of_o nature_n the_o chief_a comfort_n in_o this_o kind_n which_o we_o enjoy_v and_o they_o seem_v to_o want_v be_v heat_n and_o light_n the_o defect_n of_o heat_n be_v somewhat_o mollify_v 1_o by_o the_o sun_n stay_v so_o long_o above_o their_o horizon_n as_o 6_o month_n and_o by_o consequence_n impress_v into_o the_o air_n a_o great_a degree_n of_o heat_n 2_o by_o the_o natural_a custom_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n never_o acquaint_v with_o any_o other_o temperature_n both_o which_o reason_n we_o have_v former_o allege_v 3_o by_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v teach_v by_o necessity_n to_o preserve_v themselves_o during_o the_o wintertime_n in_o cave_n stove_n and_o such_o like_a place_n heat_v with_o continual_a fire_n the_o defect_n of_o which_o providence_n be_v think_v to_o be_v the_o ruin_n of_o sr_n hugh_n willoughby_n intend_v a_o search_n of_o the_o north-east_n passage_n on_o the_o north_n of_o lapland_n and_o russia_n to_o recompense_v the_o defect_n of_o light_n nature_n have_v provide_v two_o way_n 1_o in_o that_o the_o sun_n in_o his_o parallel_n come_v near_a and_o near_o to_o the_o horizon_n give_v they_o a_o long_a time_n of_o glimmer_a light_n both_o before_o his_o rise_n and_o after_o his_o set_n which_o may_v serve_v they_o instead_o of_o day_n 2_o for_o that_o the_o sun_n and_o star_n by_o reason_n of_o a_o refraction_n in_o a_o vaporous_a and_o foggy_a horizon_n appeâ—reâ—â—o_o theâ—_n sometime_o before_o he_o be_v true_o rise_v which_o cause_v the_o hollander_n nova_fw-la zombla_fw-fr to_o wonder_v why_o they_o shall_v see_v the_o sun_n diverse_a day_n before_o according_a to_o their_o account_n he_o be_v to_o rise_v above_o their_o horizon_n according_a to_o astronomical_a ground_n which_o problem_n have_v stagger_v all_o the_o mathematician_n of_o the_o world_n have_v not_o the_o perspective_n science_n step_v in_o to_o give_v a_o answer_n 3_o in_o the_o middle_a section_n betwixt_o 30_o and_o 60_o degree_n of_o latitude_n the_o first_o 15_o be_v temperate_o hot_a the_o other_o 15_o more_o incline_v to_o cold._n the_o middle_a region_n partake_v a_o mixture_n of_o both_o extreme_n towit_n of_o the_o cold_a region_n towards_o the_o pole_n and_o the_o hot_a towards_o the_o equatour_n whence_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v that_o the_o more_o any_o part_n of_o this_o tract_n approach_v the_o hot_a region_n under_o the_o tropic_n and_o equatour_n the_o more_o it_o must_v partake_v of_o heat_n yet_o this_o heat_n be_v mitigate_v by_o some_o cold_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o fire_n of_o the_o sun_n it_o must_v of_o necessity_n be_v temperate_a and_o very_a apt_a for_o humane_a habitation_n also_o this_o mixture_n of_o the_o cold_a quality_n be_v more_o extend_v and_o increase_v on_o the_o other_o moiety_n towards_o the_o pole_n through_o the_o vicinity_n of_o the_o cold_a region_n must_v loose_v much_o of_o the_o former_a heat_n which_o shall_v hereafter_o be_v more_o confirm_v out_o of_o the_o natural_a constitution_n and_o complexion_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n bear_v the_o true_a mark_n of_o external_a cold_a and_o internal_a heat_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v strengthen_v by_o the_o other_o for_o the_o external_a cold_a if_o it_o be_v not_o over_o predominant_a and_o too_o much_o for_o the_o internal_a heat_n will_v by_o a_o antiperistasis_n keep_v in_o and_o condensate_a this_o heat_n make_v it_o more_o fervent_a and_o vigorous_a 6_o the_o east_n and_o west_n hemisphere_n be_v bound_v and_o divide_v by_o the_o meridian_n pass_v by_o the_o canary_n and_o the_o molucco_n land_n 7_o the_o east_n hemisphere_n reach_v from_o the_o canary_n the_o moluccoe_n on_o this_o side_n as_o the_o other_o on_o the_o opposite_a part_n of_o the_o sphere_n we_o may_v here_o note_v a_o great_a difference_n betwixt_o this_o division_n and_o the_o former_a foâ—_n the_o north_n and_o south_n hemisphere_n be_v divide_v by_o the_o equatour_n be_v part_v as_o it_o be_v by_o nature_n itself_o and_o the_o sun_n motion_n but_o the_o division_n of_o the_o globe_n into_o east_n and_o west_n we_o can_v ascribe_v to_o no_o other_o cause_n than_o man_n institution_n yet_o be_v the_o eastern_a and_o the_o western_a find_v to_o differ_v many_o way_n the_o discovery_n of_o which_o may_v give_v great_a light_n to_o observation_n 1_o the_o eastern_a hemisphere_n wherein_o we_o live_v be_v every_o way_n happy_a and_o worthy_a than_o the_o other_o westward_o how_o far_o short_a the_o western_a hemisphere_n come_v of_o this_o of_o we_o many_o circumstance_n may_v declare_v for_o first_o if_o we_o compare_v the_o quantity_n of_o land_n we_o shall_v find_v a_o great_a disparity_n for_o the_o western_a hemisphere_n contain_v in_o it_o beside_o the_o southern_a continent_n wherein_o ourâ—_n also_o claim_v a_o moiety_n only_a america_n with_o the_o land_n thereunto_o adjoin_v whereas_o the_o other_o within_o this_o large_a circuit_n contain_v all_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n know_v unto_o the_o ancient_n as_o europe_n asia_n and_o africa_n with_o many_o land_n to_o they_o annex_v moreover_o it_o be_v probable_o conjecture_v by_o some_o that_o america_n be_v usual_o on_o our_o map_n and_o globe_n especial_o the_o more_o ancient_a paint_a and_o delineate_v out_o great_a than_o indeed_o it_o be_v which_o have_v be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o fraudulent_a deceit_n of_o the_o portugall_n heretofore_o who_o to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v reduce_v the_o molucco_n land_n to_o the_o east_n indies_n than_o their_o own_o possession_n seek_v as_o well_o in_o their_o map_n as_o relation_n to_o curtail_v asia_n and_o enlarge_v america_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o the_o molucâ—o_v land_n may_v seem_v to_o fall_v within_o the_o 180_o degree_n eastward_o wherein_o they_o
wherein_o every_o body_n seek_v its_o own_o safety_n the_o other_o general_n wherein_o all_o body_n concur_v to_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o whole_a the_o former_a proceed_v from_o the_o special_a form_n and_o nature_n of_o every_o body_n which_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o union_n of_o all_o his_o part_n to_o itself_o this_o union_n be_v great_a of_o all_o in_o a_o spherical_a figure_n wherein_o all_o the_o extreme_a part_n be_v equal_o distant_a from_o the_o centre_n admit_v no_o equality_n of_o dimension_n the_o general_n depend_v from_o the_o resultancy_n and_o harmony_n of_o all_o the_o part_n whereby_o be_v cause_v a_o union_n of_o all_o the_o part_n with_o the_o whole_a to_o who_o preservation_n they_o be_v secondary_o direct_v whence_o arise_v a_o double_a figurature_n of_o the_o water_n the_o one_o of_o a_o sphere_n excentricall_a with_o the_o earth_n the_o other_o also_o of_o a_o sphere_n but_o concentricke_a with_o the_o earth_n whereof_o this_o conicall_a figure_n be_v compound_v why_o this_o figure_n shall_v be_v more_o sensible_a in_o a_o small_a drop_n or_o quantity_n then_o in_o the_o ocean_n may_v be_v declare_v from_o the_o same_o ground_n well_o understand_v because_o the_o convexity_n of_o the_o lesser_a sphere_n excentricke_a with_o the_o earth_n be_v more_o and_o the_o great_a be_v less_o for_o by_o how_o much_o the_o lesser_a be_v the_o sphere_n the_o great_a will_v be_v the_o convexity_n and_o by_o how_o much_o great_a the_o sphere_n the_o lesser_a will_v the_o be_v convexity_n or_o crookedness_n wherefore_o this_o crookedness_n be_v in_o a_o small_a measure_n of_o water_n very_o sensible_a in_o a_o main_a ocean_n will_v by_o sense_n be_v hardly_o distinguish_v from_o a_o right_a line_n 8_o of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o water_n we_o have_v speak_v we_o must_v now_o speak_v of_o the_o quality_n which_o be_v twofold_a saltness_n and_o thickness_n 1_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v salt_n not_o by_o nature_n but_o by_o accident_n that_o the_o sea_n be_v of_o a_o saltish_a quality_n no_o man_n have_v ever_o doubt_v at_o least_o in_o most_o part_n but_o whether_o this_o saltish_a quality_n essential_o agree_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o therein_o create_v or_o else_o accidental_o bring_v in_o i_o find_v no_o small_a difference_n among_o philosopher_n those_o which_o defend_v the_o saltishnesse_n to_o be_v accidental_a be_v divide_v into_o diverse_a sort_n for_o some_o of_o the_o old_a philosopher_n imagine_v that_o the_o earth_n chase_v and_o heat_v with_o the_o sun_n continual_o sweat_v out_o water_n whence_o be_v make_v the_o sea_n and_o therefore_o shall_v have_v a_o saltish_a taste_n because_o all_o sweat_n be_v of_o this_o quality_n but_o this_o opinion_n i_o take_v to_o be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o pleasant_a allegory_n of_o the_o old_a greek_a writer_n who_o write_v their_o philosophy_n in_o verse_n and_o therefore_o use_v such_o allusion_n as_o we_o shall_v perhaps_o find_v in_o many_o other_o matter_n poëtical_o devise_v of_o they_o yet_o refute_v of_o aristotle_n in_o good_a earnest_n other_o have_v more_o probable_o conjecture_v that_o this_o saltishnesse_n be_v first_o derive_v from_o the_o earth_n through_o who_o part_n the_o water_n be_v strain_v be_v apt_a to_o receive_v this_o quality_n be_v primary_o in_o the_o earth_n itself_o as_o we_o see_v water_n be_v wring_v through_o ash_n to_o grow_v salt_n but_o this_o opinion_n seem_v of_o no_o great_a soundness_n because_o the_o first_o river_n and_o lake_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n altogether_o and_o in_o regard_n of_o their_o small_a quantity_n more_o apt_a to_o yield_v and_o receive_v this_o tincture_n be_v notwithstanding_o devoide_a of_o all_o such_o quality_n beside_o this_o we_o rather_o find_v the_o contrary_a by_o experiment_n that_o sea-water_n strain_v through_o clay_n will_v turn_v fresh_a as_o likewise_o powder_a flesh_n be_v lay_v to_o soak_v â—n_v salt_n water_n will_v soon_o turn_v sweet_a the_o former_a be_v verify_v by_o baptista_n porta_n of_o the_o other_o every_o kitchenmaid_n on_o the_o seaside_n will_v inform_v us._n the_o three_o opinion_n be_v of_o aristotle_n who_o refer_v the_o saltish_a quality_n of_o the_o sea-water_n to_o the_o sun_n as_o the_o chief_a cause_n draw_v and_o lift_v up_o out_o of_o the_o sea_n store_n of_o exhalation_n which_o afterward_o mix_v with_o vapour_n fall_v down_o again_o by_o drop_n for_o the_o sun_n draw_v up_o the_o thin_a and_o fresh_a part_n of_o the_o water_n leave_v the_o thick_a and_o low_a water_n to_o suffer_v adustion_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n and_o so_o consequent_o to_o become_v salt_n so_o that_o the_o matter_n of_o this_o saltishnesse_n in_o the_o sea_n be_v by_o a_o exhalation_n the_o sun_n draw_v up_o to_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air_n the_o fresh_a part_n where_o thicken_a they_o descend_v in_o rain_n leave_v the_o residue_n of_o the_o sea_n salt_n the_o form_n be_v the_o strain_n and_o concoction_n which_o be_v make_v by_o the_o sun_n for_o the_o saltishnes_n be_v say_v to_o arise_v out_o of_o the_o commixtion_n of_o terrestrial_a dryness_n concur_v with_o moisture_n join_v with_o adustion_n of_o heat_n so_o that_o two_o thing_n be_v chief_o concur_v to_o the_o generation_n of_o saltishnesse_n to_o wit_n drought_n and_o adustion_n this_o seem_v to_o be_v prove_v by_o instance_n of_o fresh-water_n in_o the_o kitchen_n which_o turn_v salt_n be_v much_o boil_a because_o the_o thin_a and_o sweet_a vapour_n of_o it_o be_v draw_v up_o and_o dissipate_v leave_v that_o behind_o which_o be_v thick_a and_o saltish_a the_o same_o will_v some_o have_v in_o the_o sea_n seethe_v as_o it_o be_v and_o burn_v with_o the_o heat_n which_o we_o experimental_o find_v in_o hot_a water_n on_o the_o fire_n but_o this_o be_v except_v against_o by_o some_o because_o we_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o many_o salt_n well_n and_o fountain_n arise_v in_o diverse_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v engender_v in_o the_o bowel_n of_o the_o earth_n far_o remote_a and_o separate_a from_o this_o extreme_a heat_n and_o adustion_n of_o the_o sunbeam_n but_o to_o this_o we_o may_v easy_o answer_v that_o such_o salt_n spring_n be_v either_o by_o some_o violence_n enforce_v from_o the_o sea_n by_o certain_a secret_a cavern_n and_o hollow_a place_n of_o the_o earth_n or_o else_o that_o they_o receive_v their_o tincture_n of_o saltness_n from_o some_o salt_n mineral_n of_o the_o earth_n through_o which_o they_o pass_v wherefore_o this_o opinion_n of_o aristotle_n i_o see_v not_o yet_o sufficient_o refute_v the_o other_o opinion_n concern_v this_o quality_n of_o such_o which_o will_v have_v it_o essential_a to_o the_o sea_n water_n and_o inbred_a in_o the_o first_o creation_n be_v ground_v on_o two_o small_a cause_n first_o they_o say_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v salt_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o fish_n who_o will_v otherwise_o rot_v because_o experience_n show_v that_o fish_n will_v soon_o putrify_v without_o salt_n but_o this_o be_v thwart_v by_o three_o reason_n first_o because_o if_o fish_n be_v in_o this_o sort_n salt_v in_o the_o sea_n water_n the_o cook_n may_v save_v himself_o a_o labour_n in_o salt_v they_o again_o in_o his_o kitchen_n also_o fish_v catch_v in_o the_o sea_n be_v oftentimes_o preserve_v long_o and_o sweet_a less_o need_v salt_n then_o those_o which_o be_v find_v in_o fresh_a pond_n and_o river_n second_o if_o this_o reason_n shall_v hold_v currant_n why_o shall_v not_o the_o fish_n also_o rot_v and_o putrify_v in_o fresh_a water_n three_o why_o shall_v fish_n covet_v the_o fresh_a water_n as_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n in_o many_o fish_n if_o in_o it_o they_o shall_v suffer_v putrefaction_n which_o be_v a_o great_a enemy_n to_o nature_n above_o all_o what_o need_v we_o fear_v this_o putrefaction_n of_o fish_n while_o they_o be_v endow_v with_o a_o live_a soul_n which_o be_v a_o great_a preseruative_n than_o all_o the_o salt_n in_o the_o world_n or_o why_o shall_v we_o not_o doubt_v the_o same_o calamity_n in_o all_o live_a creature_n in_o the_o land_n which_o be_v as_o subject_a to_o rottenness_n in_o the_o air_n as_o the_o other_o on_o the_o land_n the_o second_o cause_n say_v they_o why_o the_o sea_n shall_v be_v create_v salt_n be_v because_o the_o sea_n itself_o shall_v not_o putrify_v for_o as_o much_o as_o we_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o salt_n be_v the_o only_a thing_n to_o resist_v putrefaction_n but_o here_o we_o may_v demand_v why_o these_o author_n shall_v fear_v putrefaction_n in_o the_o vast_a body_n of_o the_o sea_n rather_o than_o in_o other_o water_n and_o river_n which_o be_v neither_o salt_n nor_o come_v near_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o ocean_n whereas_o aristotle_n affirm_v in_o the_o five_o chapter_n of_o the_o 4_o book_n of_o his_o meteor_n that_o if_o
the_o sea_n be_v dâ—uided_v into_o many_o part_n it_o will_v more_o easy_o dissolve_v and_o putrify_v the_o ground_n of_o this_o opinion_n be_v overthrow_v there_o want_v not_o reason_n to_o contradict_v first_o say_v one_o if_o the_o sea_n be_v not_o create_v salt_n then_o be_v there_o some_o time_n wherein_o it_o be_v fresh_a to_o this_o i_o answer_v two_o way_n first_o that_o it_o may_v be_v create_v fresh_a yet_o be_v apt_a from_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n to_o receive_v saltness_n it_o may_v almost_o at_o the_o first_o receive_v it_o second_o if_o i_o shall_v grant_v that_o it_o be_v a_o long_a time_n before_o it_o embrace_v this_o quality_n i_o know_v neither_o history_n to_o confute_v i_o or_o reason_n to_o convince_v i_o second_o it_o be_v urge_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o live_a creature_n in_o the_o sea_n that_o they_o can_v well_o live_v in_o fresh_a water_n and_o therefore_o it_o seem_v original_o salt_n and_o not_o by_o accident_n but_o this_o be_v of_o no_o great_a force_n first_o because_o experience_n show_v that_o many_o kind_n of_o fish_n live_v in_o both_o and_o many_o rather_o covet_v and_o desire_v the_o fresh_a water_n than_o the_o sea_n second_o it_o be_v not_o improbable_a that_o as_o the_o sea_n by_o little_a and_o little_a and_o by_o degree_n turn_v from_o freshness_n to_o saltness_n the_o temper_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o fish_n be_v in_o like_a manner_n change_v and_o alter_v whence_o it_o may_v come_v to_o pass_v that_o fish_n since_o breed_v and_o nourish_v in_o fresh_a water_n can_v so_o well_o endure_v the_o salt_n moreover_o who_o know_v whether_o all_o these_o several_a kind_n of_o fish_n now_o find_v in_o the_o sea_n be_v from_o the_o beginning_n since_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n that_o sundry_a kind_n of_o live_a creature_n daily_o arise_v out_o of_o putrefaction_n on_o the_o land_n which_o may_v with_o like_a probability_n or_o more_o be_v admit_v in_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v yet_o behind_o other_o reason_n of_o one_o patricius_n a_o platonist_n who_o will_v oppose_v aristotle_n in_o good_a earnest_n aristotle_n say_v he_o speak_v of_o the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n water_n show_v not_o the_o cause_n for_o i_o will_v ask_v why_o that_o parcel_n of_o water_n from_o whence_o the_o thin_a part_n be_v extract_v shall_v remain_v salt_n be_v it_o so_o from_o the_o beginning_n or_o afterward_o impress_v be_v it_o inbred_a or_o accidental_a if_o he_o will_v have_v it_o a_o inbred_a quality_n from_o the_o beginning_n he_o vain_o go_v about_o to_o seek_v out_o the_o cause_n if_o the_o saltness_n be_v adventitious_a the_o cause_n be_v to_o be_v give_v but_o the_o cause_n give_v by_o he_o be_v not_o true_a for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o rather_o take_v away_o the_o saltness_n but_o to_o these_o objection_n of_o patricius_n spin_a out_o in_o many_o word_n we_o may_v answer_v two_o way_n either_o that_o the_o saltness_n be_v mere_o adventitious_a breed_v by_o a_o exhalation_n draw_v up_o by_o the_o sun_n and_o so_o distil_v down_o again_o or_o else_o because_o this_o answer_n seem_v not_o whole_o to_o satisfy_v for_o as_o much_o as_o rainy_a water_n be_v seldom_o salt_n and_o if_o it_o be_v can_v hardly_o flow_v in_o so_o great_a quantity_n to_o feed_v the_o saltness_n of_o the_o sea_n i_o will_v answer_v second_o that_o the_o saltness_n be_v radical_o or_o original_o in_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o water_n yet_o so_o as_o it_o can_v be_v draw_v out_o and_o sensible_o be_v perceive_v in_o the_o mixture_n of_o many_o sweet_a humour_n join_v with_o it_o without_o a_o separation_n first_o make_v by_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n of_o the_o thin_a part_n from_o the_o thick_a so_o that_o the_o sun_n be_v a_o disponent_fw-la though_o not_o a_o productive_a cause_n of_o this_o saltness_n in_o the_o sea_n 2_o sea_n absolute_o salt_n be_v never_o freeze_v this_o may_v seem_v a_o paradox_n to_o some_o man_n in_o regard_n that_o among_o our_o geographer_n we_o have_v so_o often_o mention_v make_v of_o mare_fw-la congelatum_fw-la take_v its_o name_n from_o the_o ice_n wherewith_o it_o be_v shut_v up_o from_o passage_n as_o also_o for_o that_o in_o the_o voyage_n of_o frobisher_n davis_n hudson_n and_o other_o late_a navigatour_n which_o have_v be_v employ_v in_o the_o search_n of_o the_o northwest_o passage_n we_o find_v such_o strange_a relation_n not_o only_o of_o sea_n close_v up_o with_o ice_n and_o hinder_v their_o passage_n towards_o the_o north_n but_o also_o of_o rock_n and_o land_n of_o ice_n of_o a_o incredible_a greatness_n the_o truth_n of_o these_o relation_n i_o no_o way_n disapprove_v but_o rather_o out_o of_o these_o testimony_n approve_v our_o former_a assertion_n that_o sea_n which_o be_v whole_o salt_n be_v never_o find_v to_o freeze_v for_o first_o whereas_o it_o be_v call_v mare_fw-la congelatum_fw-la it_o may_v bear_v the_o nâ—me_n well_o enough_o from_o the_o multitude_n of_o ice_n float_v on_o the_o water_n or_o collect_v into_o a_o rock_n or_o island_n this_o ice_n as_o it_o will_v easy_o appear_v be_v not_o produce_v out_o of_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o salt_n water_n of_o the_o main_a ocean_n but_o rather_o carry_v into_o the_o sea_n by_o great_a river_n of_o fresh_a water_n run_v into_o the_o ocean_n for_o the_o river_n be_v not_o always_o freeze_v but_o sometime_o by_o a_o remission_n of_o the_o cold_a be_v thaw_v and_o the_o piece_n break_v a_o sunder_o and_o float_a into_o the_o sea_n in_o it_o oft_o time_n meet_v in_o great_a heap_n which_o may_v be_v prove_v 1_o in_o that_o these_o great_a râ—cks_n of_o ice_n melt_v with_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o sun_n have_v dissolve_v into_o fountain_n of_o fresh_a water_n gush_v down_o in_o great_a abundance_n wherewith_o sometime_o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n they_o have_v fraught_v their_o ship_n as_o we_o have_v testify_v by_o the_o forenamed_a navigatour_n 2_o because_o some_o part_n of_o the_o main_a sea_n situate_v perhaps_o more_o northern_a and_o in_o a_o cold_a climate_n suffer_v not_o this_o accident_n whereas_o place_n near_o the_o shore_n far_a south_n be_v almost_o always_o freeze_v the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v because_o the_o sea_n near_o the_o shore_n be_v common_o mix_v with_o fresh_a water_n convey_v in_o either_o by_o great_a river_n or_o infinite_a secret_a passage_n under_o ground_n which_o we_o see_v not_o the_o reason_n why_o that_o salt_n water_n exclude_v this_o propriety_n incident_a or_o the_o fresh_a i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o hot-spirit_n hide_v in_o the_o salt_n humour_n which_o be_v more_o fervent_a and_o operative_a than_o those_o of_o the_o fresh_a water_n 9_o so_o much_o for_o the_o saltness_n the_o next_o be_v the_o thickness_n whereof_o we_o will_v set_v down_o this_o short_a theorem_a 1_o the_o water_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v thick_a than_o other_o water_n this_o proposition_n have_v its_o light_n from_o the_o former_a because_o thickness_n of_o water_n be_v a_o companion_n of_o the_o saltness_n as_o depend_v from_o the_o same_o cause_n to_o wit_n the_o exhalation_n and_o extraction_n of_o the_o thin_a part_n of_o the_o water_n there_o be_v many_o small_a cause_n give_v by_o patricius_n of_o this_o thickness_n of_o the_o sea-water_n fâ—â—st_o because_o the_o part_n of_o it_o shall_v more_o strong_o hold_v together_o and_o not_o cover_v and_o overflow_v the_o firm_a land_n but_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v ground_v on_o a_o error_n that_o the_o water_n shall_v be_v above_o the_o land_n and_o that_o it_o shall_v contain_v itself_o within_o its_o own_o bound_n and_o limit_n which_o opinion_n we_o have_v elsewhere_o reject_v the_o second_o cause_n of_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v that_o it_o may_v be_v more_o apt_a to_o bear_v and_o carry_v ship_n and_o other_o great_a weight_n for_o the_o use_n of_o man_n three_o the_o water_n be_v thick_a may_v more_o easy_o be_v convert_v into_o salt_n out_o of_o which_o many_o saltish_a mineral_n in_o the_o earth_n be_v engender_v other_o cause_n be_v give_v by_o this_o author_n but_o less_o forceable_a which_o we_o will_v omit_v as_o refer_v they_o to_o the_o philosopher_n who_o proper_a task_n it_o be_v to_o seek_v they_o out_o chap._n vi_o of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n 1_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n whereof_o we_o be_v in_o this_o chapter_n to_o treat_v be_v either_o natural_a or_o violent_a the_o natural_a i_o call_v that_o which_o be_v partly_o incident_a to_o the_o natural_a disposition_n of_o the_o sea_n 2_o this_o again_o be_v twofold_n either_o general_n or_o special_a general_n be_v that_o which_o agree_v general_o to_o all_o or_o at_o least_o to_o most_o part_n of_o the_o sea_n such_o as_o be_v the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n we_o must_v here_o observe_v that_o the_o water_n
have_v a_o twofold_a motion_n the_o first_o be_v common_a to_o all_o heavy_a body_n as_o well_o as_o the_o earth_n in_o which_o be_v a_o inclination_n to_o come_v as_o near_o as_o they_o can_v to_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v in_o our_o former_a book_n the_o second_o be_v that_o which_o more_o proper_o agree_v to_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v again_o twofold_a either_o the_o natural_a or_o the_o violent_a the_o natural_a howsoever_o requiâ—ing_v perhaps_o the_o concurrence_n of_o some_o external_a cause_n be_v notwithstanding_o so_o call_v for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o chief_o seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o sea-water_n the_o violent_a be_v cause_v mere_o by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o wind_n move_v the_o ocean_n the_o natural_a motion_n we_o have_v again_o divide_v into_o general_n or_o special_a because_o the_o afflux_n and_o reflux_n of_o the_o sea_n whereof_o we_o be_v to_o treat_v be_v general_a throughout_o the_o whole_a ocean_n some_o petty_a creek_n perchance_o except_v whereas_o the_o current_n which_o be_v the_o second_o kind_n of_o motion_n be_v more_o special_a as_o agree_v not_o to_o all_o or_o most_o part_n as_o it_o seem_v but_o to_o some_o one_o or_o other_o special_a place_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v 1_o the_o sea_n twice_o every_o day_n ebb_v and_o flow_v the_o flow_a and_o ebb_v of_o the_o sea_n howsoever_o it_o can_v be_v precise_o observe_v in_o all_o sea_n yet_o because_o few_o place_n of_o the_o main_a ocean_n be_v exempt_v from_o it_o deserve_v the_o first_o &_o chief_a consideration_n that_o such_o a_o motion_n there_o be_v experience_n show_v but_o the_o search_v out_o of_o the_o cause_n be_v for_o aught_o i_o can_v observe_v one_o of_o the_o great_a difficulty_n in_o all_o natural_a philosophy_n in_o so_o much_o as_o aristotle_n one_o of_o the_o acute_a philosopher_n be_v report_v to_o have_v stand_v amaze_v at_o the_o flow_a and_o ebb_v of_o euripus_n and_o despair_v of_o find_v out_o the_o cause_n at_o length_n enforce_v to_o cast_v himself_o into_o the_o river_n which_o have_v before_o confound_v he_o wherefore_o it_o may_v seem_v sufficient_a for_o i_o to_o trace_v their_o step_n who_o have_v wade_v far_o into_o the_o search_n of_o this_o cause_n have_v very_o little_a hope_n to_o go_v further_o the_o first_o opinion_n be_v of_o the_o stoic_n who_o suppose_v the_o whole_a world_n to_o be_v a_o great_a live_a creature_n compose_v of_o diverse_a element_n which_o enjoy_v both_o breath_n and_o life_n this_o live_a creature_n they_o imagine_v to_o have_v his_o nostril_n place_v in_o the_o main_a ocean_n where_o by_o draw_v in_o and_o send_v forth_o breath_n the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n be_v cause_v but_o this_o seem_v rather_o to_o be_v a_o poetical_a fiction_n or_o allegory_n then_o any_o conceit_n of_o a_o philosopher_n apollonius_n tianaeus_n be_v of_o a_o opinion_n that_o certain_a spirit_n eitherunder_o or_o above_o the_o water_n breathe_v into_o it_o this_o motion_n timaeus_n teach_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o moisture_n to_o be_v the_o river_n break_v into_o the_o ocean_n by_o the_o great_a mountain_n plato_n think_v that_o it_o be_v make_v by_o the_o swallow_a up_o of_o the_o sea_n into_o a_o gulf_n or_o hole_n which_o be_v again_o cast_v out_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o that_o motion_n in_o the_o sea_n selevous_a the_o mathematician_n which_o affirm_v that_o the_o earth_n be_v carry_v round_o with_o a_o perpetual_a motion_n think_v that_o the_o moon_n be_v turn_v round_o with_o a_o motion_n contrary_n to_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o from_o this_o to_o proceed_v that_o motion_n of_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n whereof_o we_o now_o treat_v what_o aristotle_n opinion_n be_v concern_v this_o matter_n be_v a_o uncertain_a conjecture_n forasmuch_o as_o little_a or_o nothing_o can_v be_v gather_v touch_v this_o point_n in_o controversy_n out_o of_o any_o book_n which_o be_v certain_o know_v to_o be_v aristotle_n for_o the_o tract_n of_o the_o propriety_n of_o element_n where_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o motion_n be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o moon_n be_v judge_v to_o be_v none_o of_o aristotle_n but_o of_o some_o late_a author_n yet_o plutarch_n impose_v on_o aristotle_n this_o opinion_n that_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o sea_n shall_v come_v from_o the_o sun_n because_o by_o it_o be_v raise_v up_o many_o windy_a exhalation_n which_o shall_v cause_v the_o sea_n to_o swell_v blow_v into_o the_o great_a atlantic_a ocean_n but_o thisopinion_n be_v charge_v by_o paâ—ricius_n of_o a_o threefold_a error_n 1._o that_o it_o shall_v proceed_v from_o the_o sun_n 2_o from_o the_o wind_n 3_o that_o it_o be_v only_o in_o the_o atlantic_a sea_n he_o see_v say_v patricius_n that_o in_o the_o atlantic_a which_o he_o can_v not_o in_o the_o aegean_a sea_n at_o home_n and_o near_a athens_n for_o 1_o no_o wind_n blow_v so_o regular_o that_o for_o one_o six_o hour_n it_o shall_v blow_v forward_o the_o 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so_o gross_o overshoot_v himself_o to_o father_n this_o opinion_n i_o shall_v much_o rather_o believe_v that_o no_o such_o opinion_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o aristotle_n at_o least_o that_o it_o be_v indirect_o relate_v which_o i_o the_o rather_o believe_v because_o one_o caesalpinus_n a_o late_a writer_n aswell_o opposite_a to_o aristotle_n as_o the_o other_o have_v relate_v aristotle_n opinion_n otherwise_o to_o wit_n that_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n be_v derive_v from_o a_o double_a cause_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v the_o multitude_n of_o rivers_n bring_v in_o a_o great_a force_n of_o water_n into_o it_o whence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o it_o flow_v only_o towards_o one_o paâ—t_n which_o be_v the_o low_a as_o it_o happen_v to_o the_o mediterranean_a for_o the_o egaean_a and_o pontic_a sea_n with_o maeotis_n flow_v into_o the_o tyrrhene_a and_o not_o on_o the_o opposite_a side_n the_o other_o cause_n he_o make_v to_o be_v the_o libration_n of_o the_o whole_a sea_n for_o it_o be_v often_o turn_v from_o one_o side_n to_o the_o other_o which_o in_o so_o great_a a_o vastness_n seem_v but_o little_a but_o in_o straits_n &_o narrow_a place_n much_o more_o so_o that_o aristotle_n say_v caesalpinus_n will_v have_v that_o to_o agree_v to_o the_o sea_n which_o usual_o happen_v to_o a_o pair_n of_o balance_n which_o have_v receive_v the_o begin_n once_o of_o their_o motion_n be_v incline_v sometime_o this_o way_n &_o sometime_o that_o way_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o equality_n of_o the_o weight_n for_o if_o the_o weight_n of_o one_o shall_v overcome_v thewhole_n will_v incline_v thatway_o and_o will_v not_o riâ—e_v upon_o the_o other_o side_n but_o against_o this_o opinion_n impose_v on_o aristotle_n caesalpinus_n not_o without_o good_a reason_n except_v that_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n be_v equidistant_a from_o the_o centre_n as_o be_v suppose_v by_o geographer_n no_o reason_n may_v be_v give_v why_o it_o shall_v incline_v more_o to_o one_o side_n then_o another_o have_v once_o obtain_v his_o true_a place_n since_o according_a to_o aristotle_n own_o ground_n no_o violence_n câ—n_v be_v perpetual_a to_o which_o i_o may_v add_v another_o answer_n that_o no_o satisfactory_a reason_n can_v be_v allege_v why_o it_o shall_v always_o observe_v so_o true_a and_o just_a period_n of_o time_n in_o its_o motion_n since_o all_o river_n be_v sometime_o increase_v and_o other_o time_n diminish_v according_a to_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n and_o variety_n of_o the_o weather_n wherefore_o the_o say_a author_n which_o impugn_v this_o opinion_n have_v frame_v another_o conceit_n ground_v on_o the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o he_o explain_v in_o this_o sort_n it_o agree_v â—o_o reason_n say_v he_o that_o the_o water_n shall_v not_o altogether_o follow_v the_o motion_n
forth_o these_o vapour_n if_o the_o vapour_n keep_v under_o do_v raise_v the_o sea_n up_o or_o if_o the_o sea_n swell_v with_o these_o vapour_n in_o her_o womb_n how_o can_v she_o let_v they_o out_o 2_o how_o will_v he_o prove_v the_o sea_n natural_o to_o be_v hot_a since_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o cold_a element_n three_o where_o he_o say_v that_o the_o light_n of_o the_o moon_n be_v but_o in_o half_o impart_v to_o the_o sea_n why_o shall_v not_o the_o sea_n proportional_o in_o half_a be_v stir_v up_o wherefore_o patricius_n and_o casman_n find_v neither_o the_o sun_n nor_o the_o moon_n of_o itself_o to_o be_v a_o sole_a or_o sufficient_a cause_n of_o this_o motion_n have_v join_v they_o both_o together_o in_o this_o causality_n and_o add_v beside_o other_o particular_a cause_n first_o say_v they_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o cause_n concur_v to_o that_o effect_n either_o universal_a and_o external_a or_o particular_a internal_a and_o next_o cause_n the_o universal_a cause_n be_v two_o to_o wit_n the_o sun_n and_o the_o moon_n the_o sun_n say_v he_o with_o the_o heat_n of_o his_o beam_n and_o light_n do_v conserve_v vivificate_a and_o stir_v up_o to_o action_n the_o internal_a and_o original_a heat_n in_o all_o thing_n here_o below_o this_o heat_n be_v stir_v up_o and_o vivificate_v all_o thing_n be_v make_v fit_a for_o motion_n and_o be_v so_o accommodate_v be_v stir_v up_o to_o motion_n as_o if_o from_o a_o internal_a life_n they_o shall_v be_v promote_v to_o a_o external_a for_o as_o in_o the_o primary_n life_n of_o thing_n the_o motion_n and_o action_n be_v show_v in_o the_o essence_n in_o the_o secondary_a the_o action_n and_o motion_n outward_o in_o respect_n of_o other_o thing_n so_o the_o first_o and_o original_a heat_n of_o the_o sea_n cherish_v &_o stir_v up_o by_o the_o external_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n drive_v the_o ocean_n and_o move_v it_o to_o action_n the_o moon_n also_o cherish_v preserve_v vivificate_n nourish_v and_o stir_v up_o to_o motion_n all_o these_o earthly_a humour_n and_o moisture_n and_o as_o she_o daily_o by_o hour_n behold_v the_o sun_n as_o her_o darling_n and_o by_o he_o be_v as_o it_o be_v big-bellied_a with_o lively_a seed_n so_o she_o behold_v her_o love_n the_o ocean_n day_n and_o night_n and_o fill_v the_o ocean_n with_o these_o seed_n which_o she_o receive_v from_o the_o sun_n but_o this_o can_v be_v perform_v without_o her_o motion_n without_o the_o diffusion_n of_o her_o light_n without_o the_o effusion_n of_o her_o influence_n &_o seed_n wherefore_o it_o can_v otherwise_o be_v but_o all_o our_o humour_n and_o moisture_n shall_v be_v make_v fruitful_a conceive_v life_n bring_v forth_o bear_v fruit_n and_o be_v stir_v up_o to_o life_n and_o motion_n by_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o moon_n through_o the_o aspect_n of_o the_o moon_n with_o the_o sun_n with_o the_o earth_n with_o the_o ocean_n wherefore_o all_o low_a moisture_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o power_n of_o the_o moon_n notwithstanding_o all_o be_v not_o equal_o under_o her_o dominion_n since_o all_o be_v not_o of_o the_o same_o substance_n of_o the_o same_o rarity_n or_o density_n or_o of_o the_o same_o heat_n reason_n all_o â—aged_v from_o the_o caspian_a sea_n may_v be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o water_n not_o suffer_v any_o thing_n to_o sink_v into_o it_o so_o that_o for_o the_o crassitude_n of_o it_o it_o must_v needs_o be_v heavy_a than_o other_o water_n and_o so_o more_o unapt_a for_o motion_n three_o it_o be_v record_v by_o some_o that_o in_o the_o inmost_a creek_n of_o the_o red_a sea_n there_o be_v a_o motion_n and_o so_o in_o the_o mouth_n of_o it_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o ocean_n but_o in_o the_o middle_n no_o such_o matter_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v which_o strange_a effect_n some_o ascribe_v to_o the_o thinness_n of_o the_o water_n one_o of_o the_o causeâ—_n above_o name_v beget_v few_o and_o weak_a vapour_n and_o spirit_n which_o either_o straightway_o breath_n out_o or_o be_v too_o weak_a to_o raise_v up_o the_o water_n this_o thinness_n be_v confirm_v to_o be_v in_o that_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o red_a sea_n not_o only_o out_o of_o the_o authority_n of_o john_n barro_n out_o of_o the_o experiment_n of_o john_n de_fw-fr castro_n which_o find_v this_o water_n to_o be_v clear_a and_o like_a to_o crystal_n then_o that_o of_o other_o part_n but_o also_o by_o the_o clear_a perspicuity_n of_o it_o for_o in_o almost_o all_o the_o sea_n may_v the_o bottom_n plain_o be_v see_v four_o we_o read_v the_o like_a of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n that_o it_o never_o ebb_v or_o flow_v which_o bartholomew_n kackerman_n that_o countryman_n ascribe_v 1._o to_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o channel_n 2._o to_o the_o depth_n of_o it_o 3._o to_o the_o northern_a situation_n which_o cause_n i_o think_v he_o may_v well_o have_v spare_v consider_v that_o more_o northern_a sea_n then_o that_o both_o ebb_n and_o flow_v five_o it_o be_v report_v of_o maotis_n pontus_n and_o proppotis_n that_o they_o flow_v from_o the_o one_o to_o the_o other_o but_o never_o ebb_v for_o maotis_n flow_v into_o the_o pontic_a sea_n as_o from_o the_o high_a place_n into_o the_o low_a and_o the_o pontic_a into_o the_o propontick_a &_o aegean_a for_o the_o same_o cause_n but_o return_v not_o back_o again_o but_o beside_o this_o cause_n of_o this_o declinity_n of_o the_o ground_n it_o stand_v with_o reason_n that_o the_o water_n shall_v be_v fresh_a than_o that_o in_o other_o place_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o first_o all_o of_o they_o receive_v into_o they_o many_o and_o great_a river_n of_o fresh_a water_n for_o maotis_n palus_n beside_o other_o partake_v of_o tanais_n into_o pontus_n fall_n according_a to_o arcanus_fw-la report_n about_o 52_o fresh_a river_n whereof_o the_o chief_a be_v ister_n hispanis_n boristhenes_n tanais_n phasis_n all_o great_a current_n second_o the_o forename_a fish_n which_o delight_n in_o fresh_a spring_n be_v here_o also_o find_v in_o abundance_n beside_o this_o freshness_n if_o we_o believe_v ancient_a writer_n as_o pliny_n and_o other_o it_o be_v a_o sea_n of_o extraordinary_a depth_n so_o that_o for_o this_o cause_n some_o part_n of_o it_o be_v call_v negrepont_n or_o the_o blacke-sea_n which_o blackness_n be_v by_o some_o think_v to_o arise_v from_o the_o depth_n of_o it_o wherein_o in_o many_o place_n they_o can_v sound_v no_o bottom_n six_o it_o be_v testify_v of_o the_o tyrrhene_a ligurian_a and_o narbon_n sea_n that_o they_o suffer_v not_o this_o motion_n the_o cause_n of_o which_o be_v only_o ascribe_v to_o the_o extreme_a depth_n for_o few_o or_o no_o river_n be_v disburden_v into_o it_o except_o rhodanus_n we_o be_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o show_v why_o this_o work_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v more_o in_o one_o place_n then_o in_o another_o the_o reason_n whereof_o although_o many_o be_v think_v on_o be_v chief_o reduce_v either_o to_o the_o excess_n of_o saltness_n in_o the_o water_n or_o the_o narrowness_n of_o the_o channel_n into_o which_o from_o a_o open_a place_n the_o sea_n be_v to_o be_v disburden_v or_o the_o shallowness_n of_o the_o shore_n all_o which_o either_o concur_v together_o or_o take_v by_o themselves_o apart_o may_v cause_v the_o sea_n to_o swell_v more_o in_o one_o place_v they_o another_o which_o may_v as_o the_o former_a be_v prove_v by_o diverse_a instance_n four_o sea_n be_v more_o particular_o note_v to_o flow_v and_o swell_v high_o than_o other_o the_o first_o be_v that_o compass_v about_o europe_n from_o hercules_n pillar_n which_o according_a to_o diverse_a shore_n take_v diverse_a name_n as_o the_o portugal_n cantabrian_n gallican_n belgic_a and_o british_a sea_n and_o in_o the_o new_a world_n or_o america_n the_o southern_a sea_n shall_v be_v the_o second_o the_o three_o be_v that_o of_o cambaia_n and_o india_n the_o four_o be_v that_o which_o compass_v about_o taprobana_n for_o the_o three_o last_o the_o cause_n fore-specified_n seem_v manifest_o to_o concur_v for_o taprobana_n be_v report_v by_o pliny_n to_o have_v a_o shore_n not_o above_o six_o pace_n deep_a and_o the_o sea_n to_o be_v green_a and_o overgrow_v with_o weed_n in_o so_o much_o that_o the_o top_n of_o the_o weed_n fret_v their_o ship_n and_o late_a writer_n report_v that_o the_o land_n be_v know_v to_o augment_v the_o confine_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o shallowness_n of_o the_o water_n so_o as_o we_o have_v show_v that_o some_o sea_n neither_o ebb_n nor_o flow_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o channel_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n must_v it_o follow_v that_o other_o sea_n ebb_v and_o flow_v more_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o shortness_n and_o shallowness_n of_o the_o shore_n for_o of_o contrary_a â—_z proceed_v ordinary_o contrary_a effect_n moreover_o it_o
stand_v with_o experience_n that_o in_o any_o water_n or_o sea_n where_o the_o flood_n be_v stop_v and_o hinder_v by_o quicksand_n it_o return_v with_o great_a force_n as_o it_o be_v enrage_v and_o swelâ—_n so_o much_o the_o high_a which_o be_v the_o cause_n why_o in_o the_o coast_n of_o cambaia_n it_o be_v liâ—ted_v up_o so_o high_a because_o the_o shore_n be_v so_o shallow_a and_o so_o short_a and_o expose_v to_o impediment_n that_o in_o the_o ebb_n the_o sea_n â—â—ns_v back_o many_o mile_n &_o leave_v the_o sandâ—_n uncover_v whence_o it_o must_v needs_o return_v with_o great_a violence_n this_o also_o be_v find_v in_o the_o indian_a sea_n and_o near_o panama_n in_o the_o southern_a sea_n where_o the_o sea_n run_v back_o for_o two_o league_n certain_a land_n and_o land_n be_v leave_v naked_a so_o that_o in_o these_o three_o sea_n here_o name_v the_o sea_n seem_v to_o enlarge_v its_o limit_n in_o breadth_n more_o than_o in_o other_o place_n to_o which_o we_o may_v ascribe_v this_o 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in_o the_o adriaticke_n egaan_n jonian_n and_o almost_o all_o the_o african_a seaâ—_n the_o sea_n seldom_o swell_v to_o so_o great_a a_o measure_n whereof_o the_o cause_n be_v as_o well_o the_o depth_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o equality_n of_o thâ—_n shore_n for_o as_o the_o depth_n be_v a_o cause_n that_o sometime_o it_o flow_v not_o at_o all_o and_o the_o inequality_n and_o shortness_n of_o the_o shore_n that_o it_o flow_v high_a so_o a_o mean_a height_n of_o the_o water_n from_o the_o bottom_n and_o a_o more_o equal_a figuration_n of_o the_o coast_n may_v be_v a_o cause_n of_o a_o indifferent_a work_n of_o the_o water_n hitherto_o we_o have_v show_v the_o variety_n of_o motion_n in_o the_o sea_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o diversity_n of_o place_n we_o be_v next_o to_o speak_v something_o concern_v the_o variation_n of_o it_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o time_n which_o though_o it_o proper_o appertain_v not_o to_o geography_n yet_o be_o i_o loath_a to_o leave_v it_o out_o because_o the_o 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heaven_n shall_v be_v move_v round_o as_o it_o be_v in_o a_o diurnal_a course_n which_o they_o have_v labour_v to_o prove_v by_o diverse_a experiment_n first_o because_o it_o be_v observe_v by_o mariner_n that_o a_o ship_n can_v well_o sail_v from_o spain_n into_o america_n with_o a_o indifferent_a wind_n in_o 30_o day_n when_o she_o can_v hardly_o return_v under_o three_o month_n which_o they_o ascribe_v to_o the_o circular_a motion_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o a_o ship_n go_v from_o east_n to_o west_n sail_v with_o the_o water_n but_o from_o west_n to_o east_n against_o the_o stream_n so_o that_o the_o one_o must_v needs_o be_v swift_a and_o the_o other_o slow_a their_o second_o experiment_n to_o confirm_v this_o point_n be_v of_o a_o ship_n sail_v from_o spain_n to_o holland_n which_o may_v as_o they_o say_v swift_a return_n back_o then_o go_v thither_o to_o this_o motion_n of_o the_o water_n from_o east_n to_o west_n julius_n scaliger_n have_v add_v another_o which_o he_o will_v have_v to_o be_v from_o north_n to_o south_n from_o terra_fw-la laboratoris_fw-la southward_n but_o patricius_n not_o deny_v these_o motion_n will_v have_v many_o more_o in_o diverse_a sea_n not_o admit_v any_o universal_a circular_a motion_n enforce_v by_o the_o heaven_n but_o various_a motion_n diverse_o dispose_v in_o diverse_a sea_n for_o which_o he_o give_v many_o instance_n some_o whereof_o we_o will_v here_o relate_v first_o go_v about_o to_o disprove_v scaliger_n opinion_n and_o experience_n he_o bring_v the_o experiment_n of_o the_o portugal_n navigatour_n who_o testify_v that_o they_o come_v from_o mosambicke_a of_o the_o side_n on_o madagascar_n into_o malebar_v in_o 28_o sometime_o in_o 30_o other_o time_n in_o 35_o day_n which_o be_v far_o from_o the_o account_n of_o
be_v many_o kind_n mention_v by_o navigatour_n the_o first_o and_o chief_a be_v that_o which_o they_o call_v the_o etesian_a wind_n which_o be_v observe_v to_o blow_v every_o year_n from_o the_o north-east_n about_o the_o rise_n of_o dogstar_n and_o oftentimes_o continue_v about_o 40_o day_n this_o wind_n drive_v the_o sea_n from_o pontus_n into_o the_o egean_a sea_n even_o so_o far_o as_o egypt_n in_o the_o second_o place_n may_v we_o range_v such_o wind_n as_o be_v call_v chelidonian_n because_o they_o arise_v at_o the_o first_o come_v of_o the_o swallow_n it_o blow_v sometime_o from_o the_o direct-west_n so_o that_o of_o some_o it_o be_v take_v to_o be_v the_o same_o sometime_o from_o the_o northwest_n so_o that_o with_o other_o it_o be_v account_v among_o the_o north_n wind_n these_o chelidonian_a wind_n drive_v from_o the_o north_n or_o northwest_n still_o fill_v all_o the_o mediterranean_a even_o to_o the_o coast_n of_o syria_n and_o palestine_n and_o continue_v in_o the_o 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trespass_v on_o the_o land_n many_o have_v learn_v to_o their_o great_a loss_n and_o calamity_n it_o be_v observe_v sometime_o in_o the_o venetian_a shore_n that_o the_o sea_n drive_v with_o wind_n swell_v so_o high_a that_o overflow_a all_o the_o bank_n and_o channel_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v enforce_v to_o row_v in_o boat_n from_o house_n to_o house_n their_o cistern_n be_v infect_v with_o salt-water_n and_o their_o precious_a water_n in_o vault_n and_o cellar_n spoil_v the_o like_a have_v heretofore_o be_v find_v if_o we_o will_v credit_v history_n in_o the_o belgic_a sea_n on_o which_o the_o northwest_o wind_v blow_n with_o such_o vehemency_n and_o so_o long_o that_o it_o break_v down_o the_o ordinary_a bank_n and_o in_o zealand_n and_o holland_n swallow_v up_o many_o town_n with_o infinite_a multitude_n of_o people_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v warrant_v by_o a_o report_n i_o have_v hear_v of_o many_o travayler_n that_o in_o a_o calm_a tide_n the_o top_n of_o tower_n and_o steeple_n have_v be_v see_v above_o the_o water_n beside_o these_o instance_n we_o may_v add_v the_o testimony_n of_o strabo_n and_o aristotle_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr munda_fw-la with_o diverse_a other_o relation_n of_o strange_a inundation_n whereof_o we_o shall_v have_v more_o occasion_n to_o speak_v hereafter_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o depth_n situatio_fw-la and_o termination_n of_o the_o sea_n 1_o the_o absolute_a propriety_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v hitherto_o pass_v over_o we_o will_v consider_v next_o the_o comparative_a which_o agree_v to_o the_o sea_n no_o otherwise_o then_o in_o respect_n or_o comparison_n with_o the_o earth_n which_o be_v chief_o threâ—_n 1_o depth_n 2_o situation_n 3_o termination_n 2_o the_o depth_n or_o profundity_n be_v the_o distance_n betwixt_o the_o bottom_n and_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o water_n to_o find_v out_o the_o absolute_a depth_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o matter_n of_o the_o great_a difficulty_n and_o by_o many_o thought_n impossible_a in_o 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complexion_n of_o heat_n and_o moisture_n the_o middle_a region_n betwixt_o both_o extreme_n be_v compound_v of_o both_o must_v needs_o by_o mixture_n and_o participation_n enjoy_v a_o middle_a quality_n beside_o this_o eâ—poâ—iâ—ion_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o temper_n we_o shall_v observe_v many_o special_a mark_n and_o instance_n which_o will_v discover_v this_o variety_n of_o disposition_n first_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o heat_n and_o moisture_n be_v the_o two_o quality_n of_o fecundity_n whence_o it_o must_v consequent_o follow_v those_o region_n which_o be_v most_o populous_a to_o be_v chief_o endow_v with_o this_o quality_n and_o disposition_n now_o where_o shall_v we_o of_o this_o hemisphere_n find_v any_o country_n to_o who_o nature_n owe_v a_o great_a increase_n of_o mankind_n but_o in_o the_o north_n among_o the_o goth_n the_o scythians_n the_o scandian_o and_o germane_a by_o who_o abundant_a fertility_n vast_a desert_n have_v be_v culture_v and_o inhabit_v stately_a 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and_o moisture_n and_o those_o of_o the_o other_o sort_n shall_v have_v their_o appetite_n more_o raise_v up_o to_o wantonness_n without_o the_o which_o their_o offspring_n will_v soon_o fail_v a_o second_o argument_n to_o prove_v our_o assertion_n be_v the_o tall_a and_o large_a stature_n of_o the_o northern_a man_n which_o argue_v both_o heat_n and_o moisture_n whereas_o the_o southern_a man_n be_v small_a and_o dwarfish_a in_o stature_n compose_v of_o weak_a and_o feeble_a nerve_n that_o the_o people_n situate_v towards_o the_o pole_n in_o a_o moderate_a distance_n surpass_v in_o greatness_n can_v be_v show_v not_o only_o in_o this_o our_o hemisphere_n in_o the_o germaâ—s_n scythian_n belgian_n â—nd_v other_o but_o also_o in_o the_o other_o by_o the_o pantagones_n who_o siâ—uation_n southward_o answer_v somewhat_o near_o to_o the_o height_n of_o germany_n that_o moisture_n be_v a_o great_a cause_n of_o growth_n appear_v as_o well_o by_o tree_n and_o other_o vegetal_n which_o grow_v in_o low_a and_o marish_a ground_n increase_v to_o a_o most_o incredible_a greatness_n as_o of_o those_o foremention_v on_o the_o side_n of_o rivo_n negro_n in_o peru_n and_o near_o the_o lake_n hiarotis_n in_o india_n as_o by_o beast_n for_o first_o we_o find_v the_o moiste_v to_o be_v of_o great_a stature_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o the_o great_a whale_n and_o fish_n in_o the_o sea_n grow_v to_o such_o a_o vast_a quantity_n second_o such_o beast_n as_o have_v hot_a and_o moist_a body_n can_v so_o well_o prosper_v and_o live_v in_o those_o southern_a country_n as_o the_o horse_n which_o by_o nature_n be_v hot_a and_o moist_a live_v but_o faint_o in_o aethiopia_n yet_o be_v of_o good_a strength_n in_o scythia_n whereas_o the_o ass_n be_v by_o nature_n hot_a and_o dry_a be_v of_o great_a account_n and_o service_n in_o africa_n in_o europe_n little_o respect_v in_o scythia_n can_v live_v neither_o be_v moisture_n sufficient_a for_o the_o growth_n except_o it_o be_v stir_v up_o 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but_o rather_o for_o the_o natural_a temper_n of_o his_o body_n which_o can_v neither_o require_v or_o bear_v so_o much_o as_o the_o northern_a in_o so_o much_o as_o bodin_n seem_v to_o make_v a_o doubt_n whether_o the_o immoderate_a drink_n of_o the_o german_n be_v to_o be_v esteem_v a_o great_a fault_n than_o the_o niggardly_a spare_a humour_n of_o the_o italian_a since_o both_o arise_v rather_o out_o of_o nature_n than_o education_n another_o argument_n of_o heat_n in_o the_o northern_a man_n be_v the_o extraordinary_a strength_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o southern_a man_n which_o be_v a_o apparent_a demonstration_n of_o heat_n we_o find_v that_o the_o blood_n of_o the_o scythian_a be_v full_a of_o small_a string_n such_o as_o be_v in_o the_o gore_n of_o bull_n and_o boar_n and_o betoken_v strength_n whereas_o the_o blood_n of_o the_o african_a be_v thin_a such_o as_o be_v in_o a_o hart_n or_o hare_n no_o less_o be_v those_o reason_n which_o especial_o prove_v the_o northern_a man_n to_o be_v endow_v with_o much_o moisture_n three_o we_o may_v much_o better_o argue_v from_o the_o physiognomicall_a accident_n of_o the_o body_n we_o shall_v find_v the_o inhabitant_n under_o the_o tropicke_n to_o be_v exceed_o black_a under_o the_o pole_n itself_o beyond_o 60_o degree_n somewhat_o brown_a but_o from_o thence_o about_o 60_o their_o colour_n be_v red_a from_o thence_o to_o 45_o degree_n whitish_a about_o the_o 30_o they_o begin_v to_o wax_v yellow_a and_o then_o some_o what_o incline_v to_o green_a all_o which_o proceed_v out_o of_o the_o variety_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a for_o the_o blackness_n of_o the_o african_n about_o the_o tropicke_n we_o can_v ascribe_v to_o no_o other_o câ—rtaine_a â—ause_n then_o external_a heat_n and_o internal_a cold_a his_o necessary_a concomitant_a near_o to_o which_o approach_v the_o yellow_a and_o green_a colour_n of_o the_o people_n not_o far_o of_o whereof_o the_o forme_a discover_v choler_n and_o adustion_n the_o other_o melancholy_n and_o how_o soever_o the_o brownnesse_n of_o the_o people_n dwell_v very_o near_o thâ—_n pole_n may_v come_v by_o reason_n of_o external_a cold_a which_o by_o excess_n rather_o dry_v up_o their_o moisture_n then_o strengthen_v the_o internal_a heat_n yet_o the_o red_a colour_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n about_o 60_o degree_n be_v a_o firm_a argument_n of_o heat_n and_o the_o white_a â—ue_v of_o the_o middle_a people_n a_o apparent_a mark_n of_o a_o middle_a tempeâ—_n no_o less_o may_v be_v collect_v from_o the_o eye_n and_o hair_n of_o these_o three_o nation_n the_o eye_n of_o the_o scythian_n be_v general_o tend_v to_o a_o gray_a colour_n the_o remote_a have_v they_o of_o a_o blew-whitish_a shine_a colour_n as_o the_o cymbrian_n and_o dane_n according_a to_o plutarch_n the_o britanne_n â—ermans_n and_o norman_n come_v near_o unto_o this_o colour_n but_o have_v they_o not_o altogether_o so_o gray_a and_o shine_a but_o more_o obscure_a but_o the_o southern_a man_n have_v â—he_n colour_n
true_o they_o can_v rather_o admire_v then_o imitate_v and_o better_o set_v we_o the_o materials_n then_o invent_v the_o workmanship_n like_o those_o distress_a israelites_n which_o be_v enforce_v to_o run_v unto_o the_o philistine_n to_o have_v their_o sword_n sharpen_v as_o we_o ascribe_v to_o those_o nation_n of_o the_o north_n this_o perfection_n in_o operative_a and_o external_a faculty_n so_o can_v we_o deny_v the_o southern_a man_n his_o due_a prerogative_n which_o be_v religion_n &_o contemplation_n for_o these_o nation_n be_v above_o all_o other_o affect_v with_o melancholy_a willing_o withdrâ—w_v themselves_o from_o common_a society_n into_o desert_n and_o remote_a receptacle_n more_o accommodate_v to_o abstract_a meditation_n for_o contemplation_n be_v of_o the_o hebrew_n term_v a_o precious_a death_n have_v a_o special_a force_n to_o sharpen_v the_o wit_n of_o man_n and_o by_o separation_n as_o it_o be_v from_o the_o dregs_n of_o the_o vulgar_a not_o only_o open_v unto_o 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man_n by_o how_o much_o they_o partake_v the_o quality_n of_o cold_a a_o instance_n of_o which_o may_v be_v give_v in_o the_o elephant_n who_o blood_n according_a to_o plinys_n testimony_n be_v cold_a of_o all_o other_o creature_n to_o this_o i_o may_v add_v for_o a_o argument_n of_o the_o religious_a disposition_n of_o the_o southern_a man_n 〈…〉_z afâ—r_o write_v concern_v the_o vast_a number_n of_o temple_n in_o â—ome_o place_n of_o africa_n as_o about_o fez_n &_o morocco_n their_o strict_a obsâ—ruation_n of_o holy_a rite_n their_o rigid_a ecclesiastical_a censure_n witâ—_n such_o like_a what_o be_v speak_v by_o aluarez_n of_o the_o hill_n aâ—iarâ—_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o africa_n of_o their_o strange_a library_n church_n palace_n with_o other_o matter_n of_o this_o purpose_n will_v serve_v well_o to_o my_o purpose_n have_v â—_o the_o ingenuity_n to_o beleâ—ue_v the_o iâ—sâ—â—te_n but_o against_o this_o may_v be_v object_v perchance_o that_o the_o christian_a religion_n which_o be_v the_o true_a and_o only_a religion_n have_v no_o great_a foot_n as_o yet_o among_o thoâ—e_n southern_a nation_n second_o that_o their_o church_n have_v no_o perfect_a platform_n of_o ecclesiastical_a government_n as_o we_o find_v in_o other_o church_n towards_o the_o northern_a tract_n to_o the_o first_o i_o answer_v that_o we_o here_o speak_v of_o the_o inclination_n of_o man_n to_o religious_a exercise_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o it_o depend_v on_o their_o natural_a disposition_n not_o respect_v this_o or_o that_o religion_n for_o to_o be_v inform_v in_o the_o true_a religion_n and_o reject_v all_o other_o depend_v not_o any_o way_n on_o the_o natural_a inclination_n of_o man_n but_o on_o the_o immediate_a gift_n of_o the_o almighty_a god_n which_o be_v please_v oftentimes_o to_o make_v elecâ—â—on_n of_o one_o nation_n before_o the_o other_o to_o make_v the_o one_o according_a to_o the_o apostle_n a_o vessel_n of_o honour_n the_o other_o of_o dishonour_n to_o the_o second_o i_o likewise_o answer_v that_o in_o religion_n two_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v first_o the_o religious_a and_o devouâ—_n inclination_n of_o man_n to_o embrace_v divine_a contemplation_n second_o the_o well_o order_v and_o govern_v of_o religious_a action_n according_a to_o law_n and_o statute_n pertain_v to_o the_o external_a regiment_n of_o the_o church_n the_o foâ—mer_n only_o be_v grant_v to_o â—he_n southern_a man_n we_o may_v ascribe_v the_o perfection_n of_o the_o other_o to_o the_o people_n of_o the_o middle_a region_n who_o we_o have_v pronounce_v to_o be_v most_o happy_a in_o the_o manage_n of_o â—ivill_a affair_n and_o politic_a government_n now_o to_o prove_v this_o people_n to_o be_v bâ—st_o endow_v with_o this_o faculty_n many_o reason_n may_v be_v allege_v because_o according_a to_o the_o testimony_n of_o most_o approve_a writer_n we_o have_v find_v law_n manner_n statute_n &_o the_o best_a manner_n of_o govern_v commonwealth_n to_o have_v procee_v from_o these_o nation_n for_o history_n will_v show_v we_o that_o the_o great_a and_o bâ—st_a empire_n of_o the_o world_n have_v flourish_v in_o asia_n greece_n asyâ—ia_n italy_n france_n germany_n which_o lie_v betwixt_o the_o equâ—tour_n &_o the_o pâ—le_n from_o the_o 40_o to_o the_o 50_o degree_n and_o that_o out_o of_o these_o have_v always_o proceed_v the_o best_a commander_n the_o most_o prudent_a statesman_n and_o lawgivers_n the_o wise_a lawyer_n the_o most_o eloquent_a orator_n the_o wary_a merchant_n whereas_o neither_o africa_n in_o the_o south_n nor_o scythia_n in_o the_o north_n can_v ever_o boast_v of_o many_o lawgivers_n or_o statesman_n worthy_a note_n whence_o galen_n complain_v that_o scythia_n never_o bring_v forth_o any_o philosopher_n beside_o anacharsis_n of_o any_o great_a credit_n 3_o the_o people_n of_o the_o extreme_a region_n towards_o the_o pole_n in_o martial_a prowess_n have_v common_o prove_v strong_a than_o those_o near_o the_o equatour_n but_o the_o middle_a people_n more_o provident_a then_o either_o in_o the_o establishment_n and_o preservation_n of_o commonwealth_n the_o ground_n of_o this_o proposition_n we_o have_v lay_v before_o for_o the_o former_a clause_n that_o the_o people_n of_o the_o north_n shall_v prove_v more_o puissant_a than_o these_o of_o the_o south_n may_v well_o be_v conclude_v out_o of_o their_o natural_a strength_n of_o body_n and_o their_o courage_n of_o the_o mind_n whereof_o the_o latter_a make_v they_o â—eady_o to_o attempt_v the_o other_o to_o execute_v most_o chivalrous_a design_n neither_o want_n there_o most_o true_a and_o pregnant_a example_n in_o history_n to_o second_v this_o principle_n for_o every_o man_n that_o be_v indifferent_o see_v in_o history_n may_v observe_v with_o wonder_n how_o the_o strong_a nation_n of_o the_o scythian_n have_v invade_v the_o south_n win_v from_o they_o many_o trophy_n and_o victory_n whereas_o we_o seldom_o find_v any_o expedition_n set_v on_o from_o the_o south_n to_o the_o north_n except_o to_o the_o loss_n or_o ruin_n of_o the_o south_n worth_a any_o memorable_a relation_n to_o this_o many_o will_v have_v these_o threaten_a prophecy_n of_o jeremy_n ezechiel_n and_o isaiah_n to_o allude_v which_o foretell_v that_o from_o the_o north_n shall_v issue_v war_n troop_n of_o horseman_n and_o the_o ruin_n of_o kingdom_n this_o we_o shall_v observe_v to_o be_v true_a not_o only_o in_o the_o general_a but_o almost_o in_o all_o particular_a state_n which_o we_o shall_v find_v propagate_v from_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n the_o assyrian_n at_o first_o overcome_v the_o chaldâ—â—â—s_n the_o mede_n the_o assyrian_n the_o persian_n the_o mede_n the_o greek_n the_o persian_n the_o parthian_n the_o greek_n the_o roman_n the_o carthaginians_n the_o goth_n the_o roman_n the_o turk_n the_o arabian_n the_o tartar_n the_o turk_n and_o howsoever_o the_o roman_n by_o their_o prowess_n win_v somewhat_o towards_o the_o north_n yet_o find_v they_o by_o experience_n that_o beyond_o danubius_n no_o great_a matter_n be_v to_o be_v expect_v for_o as_o much_o as_o these_o nation_n can_v not_o be_v easy_o vanquish_v and_o be_v overcome_v will_v not_o away_o with_o subjection_n which_o as_o some_o say_v be_v the_o cause_n that_o traian_n have_v build_v a_o great_a bridge_n of_o stone_n over_o the_o danow_n be_v persuade_v to_o break_v it_o down_o tacitus_n express_o confess_v that_o the_o german_n be_v too_o hard_o for_o the_o roman_n and_o can_v not_o have_v be_v overcome_v by_o they_o but_o by_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o weapon_n and_o manner_n of_o fight_n wherein_o the_o roman_n have_v long_o continue_v a_o civil_a nation_n have_v practise_v themselves_o which_o he_o second_v by_o many_o instance_n draw_v from_o several_a conflict_n betwixt_o the_o german_n and_o the_o roman_n which_o he_o may_v well_o speak_v for_o as_o much_o as_o himself_o report_v 210_o year_n be_v spend_v in_o the_o conquest_n of_o germany_n and_o no_o nation_n so_o much_o trouble_v they_o as_o this_o which_o notwithstanding_o when_o all_o be_v past_a be_v
time_n or_o incertainty_n of_o tradition_n neglect_v and_o obliterated_a they_o fall_v back_o into_o such_o way_n as_o their_o own_o deprave_a nature_n dictate_v or_o the_o devil_n malicious_o suggest_v 2_o by_o discipline_n nation_n become_v moâ—e_n wise_a and_o politic_a in_o the_o preseruation_n of_o state_n yet_o less_o stout_a and_o courageous_a as_o discipline_n have_v be_v the_o chief_a cause_n of_o the_o establishment_n of_o all_o state_n so_o have_v it_o on_o the_o other_o side_n be_v occasion_n to_o soften_v and_o weaken_v the_o courage_n of_o many_o nation_n for_o it_o have_v be_v many_o time_n see_v that_o such_o people_n who_o have_v be_v commend_v for_o wit_n have_v yield_v to_o such_o who_o be_v of_o a_o rude_a disposition_n as_o at_o this_o day_n the_o greek_n and_o macedon_n to_o the_o turk_n the_o ancient_a gaul_n to_o the_o french_a the_o egyptian_n to_o the_o persian_n the_o chaldean_n to_o the_o saracen_n hence_o some_o give_v a_o reason_n why_o the_o french_a do_v invade_v and_o run_v over_o italy_n without_o control_v under_o charles_n the_o 5_o because_o the_o italian_a prince_n at_o that_o time_n be_v give_v to_o study_v and_o learning_n and_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o ancient_a courage_n of_o the_o turk_n be_v much_o abate_v since_o the_o time_n that_o they_o grow_v more_o civil_a and_o more_o strict_o embrace_a discipline_n and_o this_o some_o think_v to_o have_v give_v occasion_n to_o alexander_n the_o great_a to_o conquer_v the_o persian_a monarchy_n the_o persian_n have_v be_v before_o reduce_v to_o civility_n and_o lose_v their_o hardness_n and_o we_o daily_o see_v by_o experience_n that_o no_o man_n be_v more_o desperate_a and_o adventurous_a then_o those_o which_o be_v rude_a and_o barbarous_a want_v all_o good_a manner_n and_o education_n none_o more_o fearful_a and_o many_o time_n more_o cowardlike_a than_o such_o as_o be_v most_o wise_a and_o politic_a a_o example_n of_o the_o former_a we_o have_v in_o aiax_n of_o the_o other_o in_o ulysses_n whereupon_o the_o wise_a lâ—aders_n and_o commander_n have_v not_o be_v esteem_v the_o most_o valiant_a a_o certain_a english_a gentleman_n write_v military_a observation_n affirm_v the_o french_a nobility_n to_o be_v more_o valorous_a and_o courageous_a than_o the_o english_a because_o of_o the_o looseness_n of_o their_o discipline_n and_o the_o strictness_n of_o we_o but_o i_o will_v neither_o grant_v he_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o neither_o can_v i_o aver_v their_o courage_n to_o be_v great_a or_o our_o discipline_n strict_a if_o their_o valour_n be_v more_o it_o must_v needs_o follow_v their_o wit_n be_v less_o out_o of_o this_o ground_n but_o how_o soever_o it_o be_v i_o be_o sure_a that_o caesar_n and_o tacitus_n give_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o great_a stature_n and_o courage_n of_o the_o german_n to_o be_v their_o looseness_n and_o liberty_n which_o howbeit_o it_o be_v not_o the_o sole_a cause_n it_o must_v needs_o be_v a_o great_a help_n for_o we_o plain_o find_v by_o experience_n that_o those_o country_n which_o be_v most_o mountainous_a where_o be_v less_o discipline_n be_v find_v to_o produce_v man_n for_o the_o most_o part_n most_o warlike_a such_o as_o the_o suitzer_n in_o germany_n and_o biscaynâ—s_n and_o arragonian_n in_o spainâ—_n whence_o as_o some_o observe_v such_o country_n as_o be_v partly_o mountainous_a partly_o plain_o be_v seldom_o at_o quiet_a the_o one_o part_n willing_o submit_v themselves_o to_o government_n the_o other_o affect_v war_n and_o rebellion_n which_o have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o trouble_n of_o naples_n and_o in_o england_n before_o henry_n the_o eight_n time_n betwixt_o the_o welsh_a and_o english_a why_o discipline_n shall_v in_o this_o sort_n mollify_v and_o weaken_v the_o courage_n of_o man_n many_o cause_n may_v be_v give_v the_o first_o and_o great_a be_v religion_n than_o the_o which_o there_o be_v no_o great_a curb_n to_o the_o courage_n not_o mere_o of_o itself_o but_o by_o accident_n because_o death_n be_v the_o great_a hazard_n of_o a_o soldier_n religion_n give_v a_o more_o evident_a apprehension_n and_o sense_n of_o the_o immortality_n of_o the_o soul_n of_o man_n and_o set_v before_o the_o eye_n of_o his_o understanding_n as_o it_o be_v the_o image_n of_o hell-paine_n and_o celestial_a joy_n weigh_v in_o a_o equal_a scale_n the_o danger_n of_o the_o one_o and_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o other_o whereas_o ignorant_a people_n want_v all_o sense_n of_o religion_n light_o esteem_v of_o either_o hold_v a_o temporal_a death_n the_o great_a danger_n whence_o grow_v the_o usual_a proverb_n among_o profane_a ruffian_n that_o conscience_n make_v coward_n but_o this_o as_o i_o say_v be_v mere_o accidental_a for_o as_o much_o as_o nothing_o spur_v on_o a_o true_a resolution_n more_o than_o a_o good_a conscience_n and_o a_o true_a touch_n of_o religion_n witness_v the_o holy_a martyr_n of_o the_o church_n of_o all_o age_n who_o valour_n and_o constancy_n have_v outgo_v all_o heathen_a precedent_n but_o because_o soldier_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v a_o most_o dissolute_a kind_n of_o people_n have_v either_o a_o false_a religion_n which_o can_v suggest_v no_o settle_a resolution_n or_o a_o ill_a conscience_n ground_v upon_o no_o assurance_n religion_n must_v needs_o beget_v in_o they_o a_o more_o fearful_a disposition_n another_o cause_n may_v be_v the_o severity_n of_o discipline_n which_o especial_o in_o the_o train_n up_o of_o youth_n be_v mix_v with_o a_o kind_n of_o slavery_n without_o which_o our_o young_a year_n be_v very_o untractable_a to_o taste_v the_o bitter_a root_n of_o knowledge_n this_o fear_n as_o it_o be_v stamp_v in_o our_o affection_n can_v but_o leave_v behind_o it_o a_o continual_a impression_n which_o can_v sudden_o be_v raze_v out_o such_o as_o we_o find_v in_o we_o of_o our_o master_n and_o teacher_n who_o friendship_n we_o rather_o embrace_v than_o familiarity_n a_o three_o reason_n why_o discipline_n will_v weaken_v and_o mollify_v a_o nation_n may_v be_v the_o delight_n which_o man_n reap_v in_o contemplative_a study_n and_o moral_a or_o politic_a duty_n whence_o follow_v a_o neglect_n of_o the_o other_o for_o people_n of_o knowledge_n must_v needs_o find_v a_o great_a felicity_n in_o gift_n of_o the_o mind_n which_o be_v usual_o second_v with_o a_o contempt_n of_o external_a and_o military_a affair_n the_o last_o cause_n may_v be_v the_o want_n of_o use_n and_o practice_v of_o military_a affair_n in_o most_o commonwealth_n for_o many_o state_n well_o establish_v continue_v a_o long_a time_n without_o war_n neither_o molest_v their_o neighbour_n nor_o dissent_v among_o themselves_o except_o very_o seldom_o and_o that_o by_o a_o small_a army_n without_o trouble_v the_o whole_a state_n whence_o the_o general_a practice_n be_v less_o know_v become_v more_o fearful_a notwithstanding_o all_o this_o it_o be_v brutish_a to_o imagine_v discipline_n any_o way_n unnecessary_a or_o hurtful_a either_o to_o a_o captain_n or_o statesman_n for_o as_o much_o as_o it_o more_o strengthen_v the_o wit_n than_o abate_v the_o courage_n of_o a_o nation_n neither_o be_v it_o proper_o say_v to_o break_v and_o weaken_v but_o rather_o to_o temper_v and_o regulate_v our_o spirit_n for_o it_o be_v not_o valour_n but_o rather_o rashness_n or_o fierceness_n which_o be_v not_o manage_v with_o policy_n and_o discretion_n and_o although_o it_o have_v sometime_o be_v attend_v with_o notable_a exploit_n as_o that_o of_o alexander_n the_o great_a of_o the_o goth_n the_o ancient_a gaul_n and_o many_o other_o yet_o shall_v we_o observe_v such_o conquest_n to_o be_v of_o small_a continuance_n for_o what_o they_o atcheive_v by_o strength_n they_o lose_v for_o want_v of_o policy_n so_o that_o it_o be_v well_o say_v by_o one_o that_o moderation_n be_v the_o mother_n of_o continuance_n to_o state_n and_o kingdom_n thus_o have_v we_o run_v over_o by_o god_n assistance_n the_o chief_a cause_n of_o diversity_n of_o disposition_n of_o nation_n wherein_o if_o any_o man_n will_v inform_v himself_o as_o he_o shall_v he_o must_v compare_v one_o circumstance_n with_o another_o and_o make_v his_o judgement_n not_o from_o a_o man_n but_o a_o nation_n and_o not_o censure_v any_o nation_n out_o of_o one_o observation_n for_o practice_v in_o art_n can_v always_o come_v home_o to_o speculation_n so_o experience_n in_o this_o kind_n will_v oftentimes_o cross_v the_o most_o general_a rule_n we_o can_v imagine_v it_o be_v enough_o to_o judge_v as_o we_o find_v and_o walk_v where_o the_o way_n be_v open_a if_o any_o man_n will_v desire_v more_o curiosity_n he_o may_v spend_v more_o labour_n to_o less_o purpose_n let_v every_o man_n by_o behold_v the_o national_a vice_n of_o other_o man_n praise_v almighty_a god_n for_o his_o own_o happiness_n and_o by_o see_v their_o virtue_n learn_v to_o correct_v his_o own_o vice_n so_o shall_v our_o travail_n in_o this_o terrestrial_a globe_n be_v our_o direct_a way_n to_o heaven_n and_o that_o eternal_a guide_n shall_v conduct_v we_o which_o can_v never_o err_v to_o who_o be_v ascribe_v all_o glory_n praise_v and_o power_n for_o evermore_o deo_fw-la triuni_fw-la laus_fw-la in_o aeternum_fw-la finis_fw-la ptolom_n geogr_n l._n 1._o sec._n 1._o seneca_n in_o medeâ_fw-la act._n 2._o de_fw-fr gen_n &_o cor_fw-la 〈◊〉_d de_fw-fr caelum_fw-la cap._n 4._o l._n the_o sphaer_n lib._n 1_o geog_n cap._n 4._o lib._n 2._o c._n 72._o lib._n 1._o de_fw-fr mundi_fw-la fabr_fw-la part_n 3._o cap._n 2._o psal._n 104._o fundavit_fw-la terram_fw-la super_fw-la base_n svas_fw-la ne_fw-la dimoveatur_fw-la in_o saeculum_fw-la vers_fw-la 5._o ptol._n dict_z 1._o cap._n 5._o alph._n 6._o diff_n 6._o prop._n 11._o lib._n 1._o 1._o pag._n 149._o r._n ld._n d._n 1_o meteor_n lib._n 4._o sr_n walter_n raleigh_n