Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	great_a	part_n	see_v	3,501	5	3.2009	3	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A50152	XCIX canons, or rules learnedly describing an excellent method for practitioners in physick / written by Dr. J. Macallo [sic], physitian in ordinary, first to Rodolphus, late Emperor of Germany, and after his death, physitian in like manner to K. James.	Macollo, John, 1576?-1622.; Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor, 1552-1612.; James I, King of England, 1566-1625.	1659 (1659)	Wing M113B; ESTC R43414	28,981	122

are 1. The color of the face and all the body somewhat whitish grayish or livid being withall swell'd the whole body grown and fat for fat folk are commonly cold and phlegmatick grease being ingendred by the coldness of the habitude of the body the veins and Arteries being little and strait as coming of little blood and few spirits 3. The skin white and soft without hair because the complexion cold and humid is no wayes hairy the hair is white because it is created of phlegm 4. All the senses of the body heavy and lazy the spirit stupid the sleep profound the pulse small and soft 5. Slow digestion of belching with a sower tast a desire to vomit the water whitish crude and sometime troubled with a thick ground 6. Pituitous and phlegmatick diseases frequently occurring or old Cattarhs and the like Canon 19. The antecedent Causes declaring a windy Cacochymie or Digestion are 1. The stomach cold and humid with a debility of natural heat proceeding of a simple intemperature or with humours indigested 2. The Spleen swell'd and bound up with melancholy hindring by a Sympathy the digestion of the stomach 3. Meats windy as raw Fruits Beans Pease Chesnuts and the like over-much drink too much boyled meat Drunkennesse and Gluttony 4. Lack of Exercise great sleep the Age the Country season of the Year Cold doth cause abundance of Ventosities 5. When wind is gathered in the body by reason of the former causes there is found a distention of the Venticle of the Collick Gout chiefly on the left side with a noise 6. The wandering discenting pains running here and there through the whole body 7. There is wind heard to issue at all occasions both upward and downward from whence cometh some ease there is also often to be observed a singing in the ear 8. The Chollick with other diseases arising of wind do often trouble Canon 20. The external causes of sickness called by the Greeks Procatarticks or primitive causes ought diligently to be searched for they lead us to the knowledge of the cause intern as of the disease for aire meat and drink to warm watching great and violent motion anger and the suppression of the Excrements these engender hot humours and hot diseases On the contrary cold food with a cooling air sleep idleness fear and all evacuation and immoderate causes beget cold humours and cold diseases Dry diseases commonly accompany hot causes and humid diseases arise from cold causes for hot do ordinarily bring with them drowth and cold produceth humidity because it is the parent of crudities To find out therefore exactly the cause and effect of a Malady which is hid it is needful by a diligent inquisition and interrogation of all things which commonly are not natural causes to learn of the sick if he hath exposed himself to any intemperate or impure air if he hath committed any excess in meat or drink in watching or labouring or if he hath been too fierce in Venery if the spirit have not been troubled by passions or if some ordinary evacuation be not suppressed as the monthly courses to women and the flux of Emrods to men and so much the rather because he ought to enquire carefully of the things past because ignorance of the causes is not without great danger for if a fever should happen upon a long watching fasting or too much Venery then without consideration of the cause of the disease should they presently draw blood and purge they should hazard the life of the Patient seeing the disease came from evacuation but on the contrary he ought rather to repair the spirits by Analecticks or Restoratives and to augment the disease by drawing blood and Catharticks or Purgos PART II. To foresee the issue of the Disease CANON I. THe fundamental Laws of Prognosticks or Foreknowledge are taken from the things Natural not Natural and contrary to to Nature As of the Spring for the sickness may be foreseen and foretold to be salutiferous or mortal short or long by the spirits by the constitution of the body by the age of the Patient by the season by the form of life by the cause by the Espece or kind and by the siege of the evil with the symptomes which are remarkable in the change or diminution of the actions the excrements and in the quality of the body Canon 2. If the body be strong to obtain the victory over the disease without doubt the sick shall escape if not he shall die for none die so long as their spirit remains but so soon as the spirits begin to yield to the burden of the sickness then follows death Now to foretell the day of death good observation must be made how far the sickness surpasseth the spirits and well to mark the most violent access for it is observable that when the sickness doth transcend the spirits so as they can no longer resist death must necessarily follow but if it appear otherwise death shall not so soon approach So that the original of Prognosticks doth consist in conferring the spirits with the sickness for if Nature be strong enough to overcome the sickness then the Patient shall escape but if she be so weak that she cannot obtain the victory death then of necessity must follow and the Physitian must wait on the one or the other sooner or later according as the spirits are stronger or weaker hence it appears that all other signs salutiferous or mortal are no otherwise foresigns of life or death but as they point forth the strength or weakness of Nature in the combat with the sickness Canon 3. It is a great help to health to be of a moderate constitution of body that is neither too fat nor too lean for such a body hath great strength to resist any disease which doth present it self but where this moderation is not a gross body is in a worse case than a lean for they who are fat die sooner than such as are otherwise because the veins and arteries of grown fat people are narrow and strait and have but little blood and spirit so that the age concurring upon a light occasion the natural heat is choaked or extinguished but such as are of a lean and thin constitution because they have the veins and arteries larger and therefore contain more blood and spirits within them do not so soon incur the danger of death yet so it is that they are sooner troubled by external causes and that for want of flesh and fat so then the gross are more obnoxious to intern infirmities and the leane to extern Canon 4. Youth hath great strength to withstand a disease because he hath store of natural heat requisite to the concoction and excretion of the evil humours contrarily old age is not able to resist because of the defect of strength not having much natural heat hence it is that sickness stayes longer upon old people than young because they abound in cold humours the digestion whereof

disposition of the Arire the form of Life with the diseased and the sickness wherewith he useth to be molested for one is soonest overtaken with a disease wherewith their nature hath greatest familiarity so hot diseases are most frequently incident to hot bilious or cholerick people and cold sicknesses to cold lumpish natures and that as well to those who are such by Nature Habitude and Age as to those who are so by reason of the Region the season and the constitution of the Aire and albeit that all sorts of sickness may befall to all sorts of Persons of all Ages in all Places and Times yet they fall most frequently on the Temperament Age Place and time with the which they have some affinity an Epidemick or universall sickness is known incontinently by the running of it among the people seizing on many at one time All hereditary diseases as the Epilepsy or Falling-sickness the Gravell the Gout are suspected to be incident to Persons descended from Parents afflicted with such infirmities Moreover the kind of the disease is often found by using such things as hurt or help it for the hot intemperature doth encrease by the use of hot things but is mitigated by the use of cooling things the cold intemperature is contrary Canon 10. After the acquired knowledg of the disease search next for the Cause of it which is either externe or interne inward or outward The interne is twofold antecedent or conjoyned First then seek out the Cause conjoyned because it immediately produceth a disease it is therefore needfull to search whether it be wind or any other superabounding humour as Blood Choler Melancholly or Phlegme or any other thing contrary to nature as Stone lump of blood wormes or any other sort of Excrement the colour and nature of the Place the kind of the dolour and the sort of the Excrement these with the predominant humour in the body will serve for Marks Canon 11. For when the part inflamed is red it is full of Blood when yellow full of Choller that which is cold and white is replenished with Phlegme when blackish with melancholy for the colour of the skin doth commonly point forth the humour that is within divers parts are appointed for the engendring of divers humours excrementitious as the Liver for breeding of yellow Choler the Spleen of black Choler the Stomach the Lungs the Braine of Phlegme the Kidnies and Bladder of Gravell and the Stone the Guts of Wormes The pain pricks sore when it is caused of choler more moderate when it proceeds of blood blunt when it comes of Melancholy Phlegme or Wind except when they make great distention through their abundance If that which issueth forth by the Excrement be a portion of that which is continued within it shews either by the substance or colour what it is we shall speak hereafter of the predominant humour Canon 12. After the knowledge of the Cause conjoyned it followeth to know whether it be alone or if it be fostered and furnished by any other Cause antecedent that which gathers is by way of congestion through the fault of the part offended and is reputed to be alone but when all the body or any part of it doth exonerate it self on the member affected of any superabounding humour which overburdeneth there is th●n the Cause antecedent which doth accompany the conjoyned so there be two sorts of Causes interne to which Remedies must be used Canon 13. The Cause antecedent of the sickness is double the one is named Plethor or Plenitude the other is named Cacochymie or evil digestion Plethor is a repletion of all the humours equally augmented or of blood onely Cacochymie is a repletion of Choler Melancholy or Phlegme the signs both of the one and the other are taken both from the causes antecedent which do gather the humours that is to say from the temperature of the whole body and of the principal parts from the age season constitution of the Air from the Region Manner of living and of the evacuation ordinarily suppressed As also from the accidents that befall all the qualities of the body such as be the color the habitude the functions animal vital and natural as from the sleep dreams pulse concoction excrements of the diseases ensuing and of the things that hurt or profit Canon 14. There be two sorts of Plenitude the one called Plenitudo ad vires in which the blood though it be not excessive neither in quantity nor quality doth nevertheless overcharge the weak forces of Nature The other is Plenitudo ad vasa the which in quantity surpasseth the natural limits or bounds and this either light or gentle that is when it filleth onely the cavity of the vein not far exceeding mediocrity or it is excessive when it extends so that it almost rends the veins through the fulness of it by too great abundance and although it be very excessive yet it may be so that Nature be not choaked by it for commonly the force grows with the blood but if it fall out that the forces are abated then it is Plenitudo super vires When then in a Plethor the body is no way by a too great weight lazy or heavy and the force or strength remains still in one state it is onely a Plenitudo ad vasa but when the body becomes heavy lazy and doiled the sleep troubled and profound seeming to carry as it were something whilst he sleeps it is then Plenitudo super vires Canon 15. The causes that engender blood in abundance are signs antecedent of a Plenitude as the Complexion temperate of all the whole body but chiefly of the Livor and the Heart or else moderately hot and humid The Age growing is another for children and young folke have much blood because they are not far from their principes or beginning of their natural generation The Spring also is a cause for in it the Blood abounds for then the cold ceaseth and the waters descend Also good fare a pleasant passed life without care with moderate exercise and sleep The naturall evacuation of Blood suppressed or the artificiall for long time intermitted The Accidents which shew the domination of Blood in the body are the signes consequent of Blood such be the colour of the face and all the body red by the ordinary custome or mixed of red and white the swelling of the Veines equally appearing through all a manifest bending of the Vessels being full of Blood by measure a laziness or weariness coming of it self without any labour under the which the joynts by reason of their weight with great difficulty do move themselves for it is when the great Veines over-full of blood do exonerate themselves into the little and they again into the Muscles that they are thus filled and bended The Habitude of the body fleshy because it doth proceed of abundance of blood yea the Mediocre fleshy accompanied with a heat benigne and vaporous this is a signe of

cannot be but in a long space by reason of the weakness of their natural heat yea the greatest part of sickness that doth arrive to old people conveys them to their graves Canon 5. The Spring is very wholsome and no wayes mortal when it keeps temperature but in Harvest diseases are very strong and deadly for the most part First because cold and dry are diametrically opposite to life which consisteth in heat and moisture for those humors hinder the generation of blood whereof the body is made and nourished Secondly because it receives from the Summer proceedings from the body languishing and weary Thirdly because it suppresseth within the body the superfluous humours melted by the heat of the Summer which come forth to the skin to the end they may go forth Fourthly because about the twelfth hour it openeth the pores of the body by the heat incontinently after becoming cold it ariseth within the body as an enemy to extinguish by its malign quality the natural heat already feeble and languishing moreover it gathers store of crudities within the body which do choak the natural heat and that especially by the use of fruits which it produceth The Summer hastens sicknesses but the Winter doth retard them because in the Summer the pores being open the evil humours of the body being melted by the heat of the air are suddenly dissipated but in winter they being closed by the cold are retained within Canon 6. Amongst constitutions of the Seasons the dry is most wholsom and not deadly as the rainy for it gathers no Excrements and better resists to putrefaction The humid on the contrary causeth many superfluities from whence are the generation of diseases When the seasons are constant keeping the temperature ordinary so that all things do naturally fall out in them the diseases are likewise constant and easie to be understood but when the season is inconstant so are the sicknesses variable and hard to be understood for the Crisis or conflict is accompanied with dangerous Symptomes where they suddenly cause death or else leave a matter to a new sickness Canon 7. When the sick proves a good second to the Physitian fighting against the sickness it is then easie to obtain the victory now when he believeth the Physitian and puts his Ordnances in practise he serves him for a second and declares himself an enemy to the disease On the contrary if acquitting the Physitian he takes part with the disease by accomplishing that which himself desires he hazards his life two wayes one in leaving the Physitian alone in the combat the other in serving as a second to the sickness which was before alone for it is certain that two are stronger than one Canon 8. The greatness of the sickness followeth the greatness of the cause for as a light cause produceth a light evil so a great cause rendreth a great effect Hence a vehement cause contrary to Nature is a most certain Indice of a great and dangerous sickness Canon 9. Choler doth ever cause quick diseases which determine and end within a few dayes because it is easily resolved by its subtility But Melancholy is the most viscous of all the humours and makes longest accesses because it is dry cold and thick being the life of the blood Next to Melancholy is Phlegm in difficulty of digestion and expulsion by reason of its viscosity Canon 10. The diseases which have some resemblance with the nature bodily constitution and age of the Patient are less dangerous than those that have no conformity for all sicknesses hot cold dry or moist being conform to the complexion age and bodily constitution of the sick as also to the season hath so much less danger as it is less removed from the natural constitution and so may more easily return as proceeding from a lighter and slighter cause as on the contrary the disease which hath no affinity neither with the temper likeness nor age of the Patient or with the season is much more dangerous than the former being further removed from the natural complexion and therefore worse to cure as proceeding from a greater and stronger cause so that of two burning Fevers equall in grandeur that which falls out in Summer to a young man lean of body and hot of temper shall not be so dangerous as that which falls out in Winter to an old man of a fat body and cold complexion Canon 11. Meek and gentle relenting diseases are commonly long but the sharp fiery and fierce are ended within fourteen dayes and the extreme hot in seaven dayes There can be no certain prediction made of hot sharp diseases either for health or death for because they are quickly ended they become suddenly great so that both for the greatness of the disease with the sudden change which befalleth in the Crise or conflict as also because the humour is often transported from one place to another the issue is uncertain wherefore whilst the humour is in its motion it is best to suspend judgment for it is not certain whether it will rush on a noble or ignoble part within or without by passages convenient or inconvenient and though the humour were stayed in one place yet the Physitian ought not resolutely to affirm that the sick shall escape but with this provision That no new change befall and that he follow the advice and keep the regiment prescribed When a woman with child is overtaken by any fiery hot disease she is in danger of her life for a hot fiery Fever requires a strict diet which she cannot admit lest the child being robbed of the food she be delivered before her time and again if sometimes to save the child the mother should often eat the Fever thereby encreasing the mother shall be precipitate in manifest hazard of her life and if it be any other strong sickness without Fever as Epilepsie Apoplexy or Convulsion she shall never be able to support the vehemencie of it Canon 12. To foresee the event of the disease diligence must be used in considering the part that is offended whether it be noble or ignoble publick or private for the condition dignity and necessity of the part that suffereth are of great importance for the pronouncing of the sentence to the profit or prejudice of the Patient Canon 13. In all diseases the constancy of the reason not troubled together with the bounty of the Appetite still ready for whatsoever shall be offered unto it it is a good sign and the contrary is an evil sign The setledness of the Reason and sharpness of the appetite are numbred amongst the good marks because the former bears witness of the temperate disposition of the brain the tyes and ligaments of the brains of the marrow of the back of the Midriff and of all the nervous parts and the later shews the integrity of the Stomach and Livor On the contrary the alienation and troubling of the Reason and the loss of Appetite are evil signs

24. When the disease is in its vigour it is then necessary to use a very slender diet as well for the greatness of the Symptomes as for the coction of the humours for nature must not be hindred in the coction of the humours by the coction of the meat Canon 25. When the Disease is violent and quick it immediately causeth extream pain and dolour wherefore a most sharp weak diet is then most requisite because such a disease is in the vigour the first dayes as the grievous Symptomes which do incontinently accompany from the beginning do bear witness for a sharp sickness is that which attains to its height in the first four dayes or little after Canon 26. So soon as the sickness by its violence doth shew that it is drawing near the height then a strict diet must be enjoyned but when the height is long in continuing as it falls out in long diseases then a larger diet would be used till the approching to the height or a little before and then it must be restrained strict and small diets are dangerous in long diseases because they abate the spirits which ought to be preserved in their integtity to the end they may resist the height of the disease Canon 27. When the body is not clear the more it is nourish'd the more it is hurt for seeing that the body full of vicious humors hath more need of evacuation then nutrition it appears that they should not be too much nourished because these evil humours gather'd a long time in the body do spoyl the food newly received so that thereby the Chacochymie or evil digestion is augmented to the double which falls out chiefly when the stomach is foul for even as mixing clear water with muddy it becometh all muddy and troubled so the meat although pure and clear of it self yet taken by a great quantity into a foul body becomes wholly corrupt Canon 28. A larger diet must be granted to children then to old folks and a mediocre to those of a middle age because old men endure hunger easily and next to them such as are entring into the declining age young men worse and worst of all boyes for such as are growing have much of the naturall heat and therefore have much need of nourishment otherwise the body would consume but there is little heat in old bodies therefore they need not much nourishment for too much would choak them Canon 29. The great Cavities in the body in Winter and in the Spring are naturally hotter then at any other time and the sleep longer wherefore in these the diet may be larger by the Cavities the stomack is understood the whole belly containing the guts and the rest of the natural parts which are appointed for digestion If any one desire to know why the naturall heat is augmented in Winter Aristotle attributes the cause to the circumsisting air which is then colder by which means it driveth the natural heat inward whereas in Summer it extends itself ordinarily through the whole body towards the heat which is without as familiar to it Hence it is that in the Summer the substance is dissipated and exhales but in the Winter it is holden in and keeps there and therefore all the coction is the better made Canon 30. As to the form and manner of diet one should eat less in the Somer and in the Harvest and more often but in the Winter and Spring more seldome but more abundantly because in the Somer and the Harvest one doth hardly digest meat but in Winter very easily and in the Spring moderately well Canon 31. Such bodies as have been extenuated by long sickness must be nourished gently and repaired by little and little and those bodies that have been suddenly brought down must be speedily restored Canon 32. When the sickness gives intermission and leisure then it is time to give meat to the Patient but during the access and increase of the disease he must abstain for meat is then hurtful because it withdraws nature from the digestion of the humour to the concoction of the nouriture and because by it the disease is augmented Canon 33. Amongst the operations of Chyrurgery Phlebotomy or drawing of blood keeps the first rank because it is the common remedy of diseases which proceed of plenitude or fulness for by it an evacuation is made of the humours equally that course being for such infirmities the most exquisite of all other Canon 34. Phlebotomy is not onely a remedy evacuative but also revulsive and derivative for it is profitable to turn the course of the Flux to the opposite part or desire to turn it aside to the neighbour part Canon 35. In hot Fevers blood must be drawn even to the fainting of the spirits and heart if strength will bear it which course must be used in great inflammations and extreme pains for if blood be drawn in hot Fevers till the heart faint the whole body is immediately cooled and the vehement heat extinguished after which there followeth a flux of the belly and a Sweat by this means some are wholly cured of a Fever and others receive great ease when the vehemency of that sickness is past this sort of bleeding is likewise good in great inflamations both for the former reasons and because it stops the flux causing the inflamation as also it hinders the growth of the Phlegmon by which likewise it appeaseth the great dolours caused by the heat of the Fever and of its inflamations wherefore there is not found a remedy more soveraign for insupportable dolours then this of Phlebotomy or bleeding Canon 36. If the sickness do require it much blood must be drawn alwayes provided the spirits do permit it but if they fail then take it by little and little and at divers times for all extreme evacuations are dangerous and chiefly bleeding all at once Canon 37. They to whom purging and bleeding are profitable ought to be purged bled in the Spring for that season is most proper to make evacuation by Phlebotomy or Pharmacy because at that time there is no extraordinary heat to weaken the body by exhalation nor great cold to make it stiff by congealing the humours in it nor yet unequall to disturb the spirits but rather a moderate temper Canon 38. There is great cause of deliberation to be had in opening a veyn upon a woman with child because a woman with child being let blood may thereby be brought to be delivered before her time if the child be great because thereby the child is robbed of its food and shall famish in the womb of the mother which will cause it to break the bounds and seek elsewhere for nourishment and all before the maturity of time except the mother abound in blood for then the fear is so needless as in case that administration be not used both the mother and the child are in danger as hath been observed upon some of the most eminent Ladies in