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Word A Word B Word C Word D Occurrence Frequency Band MI MI Band Prominent
cause_n great_a matter_n see_v 3,060 5 3.1155 3 true
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A20714 Duplyes of the ministers & professors of Aberdene to second answeres of some reverend brethren, concerning the late covenant. Forbes, John, 1593-1648. 1638 (1638) STC 71; ESTC S100398 79,306 136

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episcopacy_n 105_o 23_o monarchy_n monarch_n 115_o 31_o lib._n 9_o leg._n 9_o 116_o 6_o clericis_fw-la now_o clericis_fw-la leg._n 10._o now_o ibid._n 12_o puniatur_fw-la hoc_fw-la ipso_fw-la puniatur_fw-la hoc_fw-la ipso_fw-la 117_o 4_o curse_a accuse_a 119_o 1._o etc._n etc._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d lond_n edit_fw-la anno_o 1616._o pag._n 200.201_o xii_o tabularum_fw-la fragmenta_fw-la de_fw-fr officio_fw-la consulis_fw-la regio_fw-la imperio_fw-la duo_fw-la sunto_fw-la iique_fw-la praeundo_fw-la indicando_fw-la consulendo_fw-la praetores_fw-la judices_fw-la consules_a appellantor_fw-la militia_n sumùm_fw-la jus_o habento_fw-la nemini_fw-la pavento_fw-it salus_fw-la populi_fw-la suprema_fw-la lex_fw-la esto_fw-la esto_fw-la quid_fw-la ergo_fw-la turbamini_fw-la volens_fw-la nunquam_fw-la vos_fw-la deseram_fw-la coactus_fw-la repugnare_fw-la non_fw-la n●vi_fw-la dolere_fw-la potero_fw-la potero_fw-la flere_fw-la potero_fw-la gem●re_fw-la adversusarma_fw-la milites_fw-la gothos_n quoque_fw-la lachryma_fw-la mea_fw-la arma_fw-la sunt_fw-la talia_n enim_fw-la munimenta_fw-la sunt_fw-la sacerd●ti●_n aliter_fw-la nec_fw-la dib●a_fw-la nec_fw-la possum_fw-la resistere_fw-la resistere_fw-la non_fw-la ego_fw-la mi_fw-mi vallabo_fw-la circumfusione_fw-la populorum_fw-la rogamus_fw-la auguste_fw-la non_fw-la pugnamus_fw-la tradere_fw-la basilicam_fw-la non_fw-la possum_fw-la sed_fw-la repugnare_fw-la non_fw-la deb●●_n interest_n enim_fw-la quibus_fw-la causis_fw-la quibusque_fw-la authoribus_fw-la homines_fw-la gerenda_fw-la bella_fw-la suscipiant_fw-la ordo_fw-la tamen_fw-la ille_fw-la naturalis_fw-la mortaliam_fw-la paci_fw-la accommodatus_fw-la hoc_fw-la poscit_fw-la ut_fw-la suscipiendi_fw-la belli_fw-la authoritas_fw-la atque_fw-la consilium_fw-la penes_fw-la principem_fw-la sit_fw-la aug._n lib._n 22._o contra_fw-la faustum_n cap._n 75._o hugo_n grotius_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la belli_fw-la &_o pacis_fw-la lib._n 1._o cap._n 4._o num_fw-la 6._o averrces_n ●_o metaphys_n comment_n 6_o see_v hugo_n grotius_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la belli_fw-la &_o pacis_fw-la pag._n 66_o where_o he_o cit_v sundry_a ancient_a author_n rivet_n in_o his_o jesuita_fw-la vapulans_fw-la cap._n 13._o ambrose_n in_o obitum_fw-la valentiniani_n see_v doctor_n field_n in_o his_o 3._o book_n of_o the_o church_n cap._n 32._o altar_n damascen_n pag._n 828._o &_o 853._o re-examination_n of_o the_o assembly_n of_o pearth_n pag._n 227._o ●n_fw-la regulis_fw-la ●uris_fw-la leg_n 42._o gregory_n nazianzen_n orat._n ●0_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d upon_o these_o word_n nicetas_n his_o interpreter_n speak_v thus_o baptismum_fw-la suscipe_fw-la quamdiu_fw-la minime_fw-la circum_fw-la te_fw-la pugnant_fw-la be_v qui_fw-la te_fw-la baptismi_fw-la aqua_fw-la tingare_fw-la parat_fw-la &_o qui_fw-la poecuniarum_fw-la ●uarum_fw-la hare_n futurus_fw-la est_fw-la ille_fw-la videlic●●_fw-la studi●se_fw-la agens_fw-la atque_fw-la contendens_fw-la ut_fw-la ea_fw-la quae_fw-la ad_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la exitum_fw-la necessaria_fw-la sunt_fw-la suppeditet_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la te_fw-la salutari_fw-la aqua_fw-la tingat_fw-la &_o dominicum_fw-la corpus_fw-la impertiat_fw-la hic_fw-la contra_fw-la ut_fw-la testamento_fw-la hare_n scribatur_fw-la concilium_fw-la nicenum_n can._n 13._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d etc._n etc._n
duplye_n of_o the_o minister_n &_o professor_n of_o aberdene_n to_o the_o second_o answer_n of_o some_o reverend_a brethren_n concern_v the_o late_a covenant_n if_o thou_o take_v forth_o the_o precious_a from_o the_o vile_a thou_o shall_v be_v as_o my_o mouth_n let_v they_o return_v unto_o thou_o but_o return_v not_o thou_o unto_o they_o jerem_n 15.19_o honour_n all_o man_n love_v the_o brotherhood_n fear_v god_n honour_n the_o king_n 1._o pet._n 2.17_o print_a in_o aberdene_n by_o edw._n raban_n 1638._o to_o the_o unpartial_a reader_n it_o may_v be_v you_o have_v not_o as_o yet_o hear_v the_o true_a relation_n of_o our_o proceed_n and_o carriage_n towards_o those_o two_o reverend_a brethren_n who_o come_v late_o hither_o to_o recommend_v to_o we_o and_o our_o people_n the_o late_a covenant_n we_o declare_v therefore_o to_o you_o that_o we_o hear_v of_o their_o come_n and_o intention_n and_o be_v of_o a_o contrary_a mind_n resolve_v that_o before_o we_o shall_v give_v consent_n that_o they_o shall_v preach_v to_o our_o people_n we_o will_v propone_v to_o they_o by_o way_n of_o certain_a demand_n the_o chief_a reason_n which_o make_v we_o to_o be_v averse_a from_o their_o proceed_n promise_v to_o admit_v they_o to_o our_o pulpit_n if_o they_o shall_v give_v we_o satisfaction_n concern_v the_o late_a covenant_n we_o intend_v not_o to_o print_v these_o demand_n at_o the_o first_o but_o afterward_o consider_v how_o much_o our_o people_n may_v be_v confirm_v by_o they_o in_o that_o pious_a resolution_n which_o they_o have_v to_o continue_v in_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o law_n of_o this_o church_n and_o kingdom_n concern_v episcopacy_n and_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v conclude_v in_o pearth_n assembly_n we_o think_v good_a to_o put_v they_o to_o the_o press_n but_o determine_v not_o to_o make_v use_n of_o they_o by_o divulgate_a they_o except_o we_o see_v that_o our_o people_n stand_v in_o present_a need_n of_o they_o which_o indeed_o come_v to_o pass_v for_o upon_o friday_n the_o twenty_o of_o julie_n last_o these_o reverend_a brethren_n come_v to_o this_o town_n and_o have_v that_o same_o night_n receive_v our_o demand_n in_o writ_n they_o return_v their_o answer_n unto_o they_o on_o saturday_n follow_v late_o in_o the_o evening_n but_o they_o come_v not_o to_o our_o hand_n who_o reply_v unto_o they_o until_o sunday_n in_o the_o morning_n neither_o have_v we_o leisure_n to_o read_v or_o consider_v until_o both_o the_o sermon_n be_v end_v in_o our_o church_n wherefore_o we_o do_v meet_v together_o that_o day_n at_o four_o hour_n afternoon_n that_o we_o may_v peruse_v they_o and_o at_o that_o same_o time_n hear_v that_o these_o reverend_a brethren_n have_v preach_v in_o audience_n of_o dyverse_n of_o our_o people_n convean_v in_o the_o court_n of_o a_o noble_a man_n his_o lodging_n not_o have_v obtain_v our_o consent_n thereto_o and_o in_o their_o sermon_n have_v use_v a_o form_n of_o answer_v to_o our_o demand_n which_o they_o do_v publicklie_o read_v affirm_v that_o they_o have_v give_v full_a satisfaction_n to_o we_o in_o a_o write_a copy_n of_o their_o answer_n which_o they_o have_v send_v to_o we_o and_o by_o that_o mean_n have_v labour_v to_o dissuade_v and_o draw_v our_o people_n from_o their_o obedience_n unto_o the_o article_n of_o pearth_n &_o the_o law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n ratify_v they_o we_o know_v how_o insufficient_a their_o answer_n be_v to_o give_v satisfaction_n to_o any_o who_o will_v du_o ponder_v our_o demand_n give_v licence_n to_o the_o printer_n to_o divulgate_v they_o and_o the_o next_o day_n do_v write_v our_o reply_v to_o their_o answer_n intend_v to_o put_v they_o to_o the_o press_n on_o tuesday_n but_o we_o be_v earnest_o entreat_v by_o a_o noble_a man_n to_o send_v back_o to_o they_o the_o copy_n of_o their_o answer_n that_o they_o may_v revise_v and_o perfect_v they_o &_o also_o to_o delay_v the_o print_n of_o our_o reply_v until_o friday_n follow_v which_o we_o willing_o grant_v but_o wherefore_o this_o be_v desire_v of_o we_o you_o may_v conjecture_v see_v they_o neither_o add_v nor_o diminish_v nor_o alter_v any_o thing_n in_o their_o answer_n upon_o the_o next_o friday_n at_o night_n we_o give_v our_o reply_v to_o the_o printer_n and_o to_o these_o reverend_a brethren_n who_o return_v not_o to_o this_o city_n until_o saturday_n follow_v we_o send_v a_o copy_n of_o our_o reply_v in_o writ_n on_o the_o lord_n day_n unto_o which_o we_o receive_v not_o their_o answer_n until_o they_o come_v from_o the_o press_n to_o wit_n on_o tuesday_n the_o fourteen_o of_o august_n that_o be_v eyghteene_a day_n after_o they_o have_v receive_v our_o reply_v what_o success_n these_o brethren_n have_v in_o their_o sermon_n which_o they_o preach_v here_o upon_o two_o several_a lord_n day_n it_o be_v sufficient_o know_v neither_o have_v they_o reason_n to_o talk_v so_o much_o of_o it_o as_o they_o do_v in_o their_o preface_n to_o the_o reader_n the_o first_o of_o these_o day_n some_o few_o who_o be_v think_v to_o be_v that_o way_n incline_v before_o subscryve_v their_o covenant_n but_o the_o next_o lord_n day_n they_o scarce_o prevail_v with_o any_o at_o all_o and_o a_o great_a many_o who_o hear_v they_o both_o these_o day_n profess_a that_o they_o return_v from_o their_o sermon_n more_o averse_a from_o the_o covenant_n than_o they_o be_v before_o now_o good_a reader_n we_o present_v to_o thou_o our_o reply_v to_o their_o second_o answer_n which_o for_o shortness_n cause_n we_o have_v call_v duplye_n we_o pray_v you_o consider_v they_o unpartiallie_o and_o if_o you_o reap_v any_o benefit_n by_o peruse_v they_o let_v it_o not_o be_v ascrybed_n unto_o we_o but_o to_o the_o invincible_a force_n of_o divyne_fw-mi truth_n we_o conclude_v with_o zorobabell_a say_v blessed_n be_v the_o god_n of_o truth_n and_o let_v all_o the_o people_n shout_n and_o say_v great_a be_v truth_n and_o mighty_a above_o all_o thing_n to_o our_o reverend_a brethren_n m_n r_o alexander_n henderson_n and_o m_o r_o david_n dickson_n that_o your_o answer_n reverend_a and_o dear_a brethren_n have_v not_o in_o any_o degree_n satisfy_v we_o we_o impute_v it_o not_o to_o your_o weakness_n who_o we_o know_v to_o be_v able_a man_n and_o much_o exercyse_v in_o the_o matter_n debate_v betwixt_o we_o but_o we_o impute_v it_o to_o the_o weakness_n of_o your_o cause_n and_o to_o that_o inability_n which_o be_v in_o all_o man_n as_o well_o as_o in_o you_o to_o bear_v out_o against_o the_o truth_n we_o be_v sorry_a that_o you_o be_v not_o so_o respective_a and_o favourable_a in_o your_o judgement_n of_o we_o for_o you_o plain_o declare_v in_o your_o preface_n that_o you_o suspect_v we_o of_o prejudice_n and_o that_o for_o two_o reason_n the_o first_o be_v that_o our_o demand_n which_o you_o conceive_v have_v be_v meerelie_o intend_v for_o you_o be_v publish_v before_o your_o come_n in_o print_n as_o also_o that_o our_o reply_v be_v print_v before_o we_o receive_v your_o last_o 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prefer_v ourselves_o far_o be_v it_o from_o we_o to_o be_v so_o presumptuous_a as_o to_o prefer_v ourselves_o to_o so_o many_o learned_a and_o worthy_a divyne_n and_o as_o far_o be_v it_o from_o we_o to_o measure_v the_o solidity_n and_o sufficiency_n of_o your_o answer_n by_o the_o hability_n or_o indument_n of_o these_o who_o have_v acquiesce_v in_o they_o if_o this_o your_o reason_n be_v good_a the_o papist_n may_v more_o probable_o accuse_v we_o of_o prejudice_n as_o indeed_o they_o unjustlie_o do_v because_o your_o answer_n to_o our_o argument_n have_v prove_v satisfactory_a to_o many_o thousand_o of_o those_o who_o for_o profundity_n and_o subtility_n of_o wit_n be_v inferior_a to_o none_o of_o the_o world_n but_o we_o regard_v not_o this_o slender_a motive_n remember_v these_o word_n of_o our_o saviour_n i_o
thank_v thou_o o_o father_n lord_n of_o heaven_n and_o earth_n because_o thou_o have_v hide_v these_o thing_n from_o the_o wyse_n and_o prudent_a and_o have_v reveal_v they_o unto_o babe_n even_o so_o o_o father_n for_o so_o it_o seem_v good_a in_o thy_o sight_n beside_o if_o you_o compare_v the_o divyne_n ancient_a and_o modern_a who_o be_v of_o our_o judgement_n with_o these_o who_o favour_n your_o opinion_n either_o in_o number_n or_o in_o the_o excellency_n of_o their_o gift_n you_o shall_v find_v that_o in_o this_o the_o advantage_n be_v great_o we_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n you_o shall_v know_v that_o we_o can_v bring_v far_o better_a reason_n to_o free_v ourselves_o of_o prejudice_n than_o these_o which_o you_o have_v bring_v against_o we_o to_o wit_n the_o solidity_n of_o our_o argument_n which_o have_v put_v you_o to_o such_o strait_n pardon_v we_o to_o say_v that_o which_o every_o one_o who_o have_v eye_n may_v see_v that_o oft-time_n you_o do_v not_o so_o much_o as_o attempt_v to_o answer_v they_o be_v glad_a to_o pass_v they_o by_o with_o the_o show_n of_o a_o argument_n in_o contrarium_fw-la or_o some_o other_o like_o shift_n our_o humble_a and_o earnest_a attestation_n in_o call_v god_n the_o only_o competent_a judge_n as_o witness_v of_o our_o sincerity_n in_o the_o inmost_a thought_n of_o our_o soul_n our_o serious_o profess_a resolution_n to_o concur_v with_o you_o if_o we_o shall_v get_v satisfaction_n from_o you_o the_o modesty_n ingenuity_n and_o peaceablenesse_n of_o our_o write_n to_o you_o and_o on_o the_o contrary_a your_o too_o great_a disdainfulness_n and_o asperitie_n in_o your_o second_o answer_n betray_v not_o only_o the_o weakness_n of_o your_o mind_n far_o by_o our_o expectation_n but_o also_o the_o weakness_n of_o your_o cause_n to_o unpartial_a reader_n who_o ascrybe_n this_o to_o the_o pungent_a force_n of_o our_o answer_n judge_v that_o they_o have_v make_v you_o somewhat_o more_o choleric_a than_o you_o be_v before_o to_o this_o we_o will_v add_v the_o great_a reluctance_n which_o some_o of_o the_o most_o judicious_a subscribentes_fw-la do_v find_v in_o their_o conscience_n before_o they_o subscrybed_n your_o covenant_n together_o with_o the_o limitation_n and_o reservation_n wherewith_o they_o subscrybed_n it_o evidentlie_o argue_v their_o strong_a apprehension_n of_o the_o dangerous_a ambiguity_n and_o haske_n sound_v of_o the_o word_n of_o the_o late_a covenant_n so_o that_o even_o these_o who_o be_v now_o join_v with_o you_o have_v be_v much_o affright_v with_o those_o thing_n which_o terrify_v us._n as_o for_o your_o protestation_n in_o the_o end_n of_o your_o epistle_n that_o you_o can_v no_o more_o be_v bring_v to_o our_o mind_n than_o you_o can_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o profession_n of_o our_o religion_n as_o it_o have_v be_v reform_v swear_v etc._n etc._n although_o this_o import_v no_o small_a prejudice_n possess_v and_o overrule_a your_o mind_n yet_o look_v to_o the_o invincible_a force_n of_o that_o truth_n which_o we_o maintain_v we_o even_o yet_o hope_v that_o at_o last_o it_o shall_v prevail_v with_o you_o especial_o consider_v that_o our_o controversy_n be_v not_o concern_v the_o reform_a religion_n whereunto_o we_o as_o sincere_o adhere_v as_o any_o who-so-eve_a but_o concern_v the_o equity_n of_o that_o form_n of_o covenant_n which_o you_o late_o make_v wish_v you_o and_o all_o other_o to_o adhere_v true_o and_o sincere_o to_o the_o same_o true_a religion_n and_o to_o all_o the_o duty_n which_o in_o it_o be_v recommend_v to_o you_o we_o most_o humble_o and_o earnest_o pray_v the_o almighty_a god_n to_o pity_v his_o church_n in_o this_o kingdom_n and_o to_o unite_v all_o our_o heart_n in_o truth_n and_o peace_n in_o these_o most_o dangerous_a day_n which_o although_o they_o be_v to_o you_o day_n of_o gladness_n as_o you_o profess_v yet_o to_o those_o who_o love_v the_o peace_n of_o zion_n and_o the_o tranquillity_n of_o this_o kingdom_n they_o be_v sad_a and_o 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also_o by_o the_o example_n adduce_v by_o calvin_n namely_o the_o lacedaemonian_a ephori_fw-la the_o roman_a tribune_n and_o the_o athenian_a demarchi_fw-la when_o the_o ephori_fw-la be_v set_v up_o in_o lacedaemon_n the_o king_n of_o lacedaemon_n be_v but_o king_n in_o name_n author_n and_o have_v not_o the_o supreme_a power_n as_o it_o be_v confess_v by_o the_o learned_a so_o when_o the_o tribune_n have_v their_o full_a power_n in_o rome_n the_o supreme_a power_n be_v in_o the_o people_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n it_o be_v in_o athens_n when_o the_o demarchi_fw-la have_v power_n therefore_o from_o this_o nothing_n can_v be_v infer_v for_o the_o lawful_a resistance_n of_o subject_n to_o a_o monarch_n or_o king_n proper_o so_o call_v fourthlie_o calvin_n apply_v this_o to_o the_o kingdom_n that_o now_o be_v say_v no_o more_o but_o that_o peradventure_o the_o three_o estate_n assemble_v in_o parliament_n have_v that_o fame_n power_n which_o the_o forementioned_a ephori_fw-la etc._n etc._n have_v here_o it_o be_v to_o be_v mark_v that_o he_o say_v only_o peradventure_o it_o be_v so_o which_o can_v be_v no_o warrant_n to_o a_o man_n conscience_n in_o a_o matter_n of_o so_o great_a importance_n for_o he_o that_o resist_v his_o superior_a by_o force_n of_o arm_n shall_v not_o only_o think_v that_o peradventure_o he_o have_v power_n but_o shall_v be_v assure_o persuade_v that_o he_o have_v power_n so_o to_o do_v when_o there_o be_v no_o more_o say_v but_o that_o peradventure_o such_o a_o thing_n be_v it_o may_v be_v as_o reasonable_o say_v peradventure_o such_o a_o thing_n be_v not_o neither_o do_v he_o give_v this_o power_n even_o peradventure_o but_o to_o the_o the_o three_o estate_n assemble_v in_o parliament_n hence_o the_o learned_a rivet_n speak_v of_o calvin_n his_o mind_n in_o this_o place_n 13._o say_v that_o he_o give_v no_o power_n to_o people_n over_o monarch_n proper_o so_o call_v the_o same_o also_o be_v observe_v concern_v calvin_n his_o mind_n by_o albericus_fw-la gentilis_fw-la in_o his_o three_o royal_a dispute_n 20._o the_o same_o doctrine_n also_o be_v deliver_v by_o king_n james_n of_o bless_a memory_n in_o his_o book_n entitle_v the_o true_a law_n of_o free_a monarchy_n by_o hugo_n grotius_n in_o his_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la belli_fw-la &_o pacis_fw-la cap._n 4._o by_o leonhartus_fw-la hutterus_n in_o his_o common_a place_n loc._n 32._o cap._n 3._o johannes_n gerhardus_fw-la in_o the_o 6_o tom_n of_o his_o common_a place_n in_o his_o treatise_n de_fw-fr magistratu_fw-la politico_fw-la num_fw-la 483._o where_o he_o discourse_v accuratelie_o of_o this_o matter_n zepperus_n in_o his_o 3_o book_n de_fw-fr politia_fw-la ecclesiastica_fw-la in_o the_o last_o section_n of_o the_o 13_o chapter_n pag._n 573._o edit_fw-la herborn_n 1595._o albericus_fw-la gentilis_fw-la in_o his_o regal_a disputation_n disput_n 3._o de_fw-la vi_fw-la civium_fw-la in_o regem_fw-la semper_fw-la injusta_fw-la john_n bishop_n of_o rochester_n in_o his_o work_n write_v against_o bellarmine_n de_fw-fr potestate_fw-la papae_fw-la in_o rebus_fw-la temporalibus_fw-la lib_fw-la 1._o cap._n 8._o class_n 2._o where_o he_o adduce_v a_o cloud_n of_o many_o more_o author_n m._n antonius_n de_fw-fr dominis_n in_o his_o book_n call_v ostensio_fw-la errorum_fw-la francisci_fw-la suarez_n cap._n 6._o §_o 27._o joannes_n angelius_n werdenhagen_n i._n c._n in_o his_o politica_fw-la generalis_fw-la lib_fw-la 3._o cap._n 10._o quest_n 14._o 21._o by_o these_o testimony_n we_o intend_v not_o to_o lay_v upon_o you_o or_o any_o of_o our_o countryman_n any_o imputation_n or_o to_o take_v upon_o we_o to_o give_v sentence_n concern_v their_o proceed_n but_o only_o be_v invite_v hereto_o by_o your_o last_o answer_n we_o think_v it_o our_o duty_n to_o signify_v to_o the_o reader_n that_o many_o ancient_n and_o late_a famous_a writer_n be_v not_o of_o that_o opinion_n either_o to_o think_v the_o question_n touch_v authority_n so_o full_a of_o rock_n 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us._n although_o to_o enter_v in_o a_o particular_a examination_n or_o consideration_n of_o every_o point_n and_o sentence_n in_o that_o book_n be_v not_o now_o time_n nor_o place_n neither_o do_v any_o of_o we_o profess_v groan_v for_o that_o book_n in_o particular_a but_o for_o a_o uniformity_n of_o divyne_fw-mi service_n throughout_o this_o national_n kirke_n and_o a_o more_o perfect_a form_n than_o we_o yet_o have_v that_o the_o public_a service_n be_v not_o permit_v to_o the_o several_a judgement_n and_o private_a choice_n of_o every_o minister_n and_o reader_n which_o also_o be_v think_v convenient_a by_o the_o national_n assembly_n of_o the_o church_fw-mi of_o scotland_n hold_v at_o aberdene_n anno_fw-la 1616._o 2._o whether_o that_o service_n book_n now_o discharge_v contain_v any_o innovation_n of_o religion_n or_o any_o thing_n contrary_a to_o the_o protestant_a religion_n as_o you_o allege_v we_o do_v not_o dispute_v now_o but_o we_o do_v assure_o believe_v the_o piety_n and_o sincerity_n of_o his_o majesty_n intention_n ever_o to_o have_v be_v and_o still_o constant_o to_o be_v as_o it_o be_v graciouslie_o declare_v by_o his_o majesty_n late_a proclamation_n and_o we_o be_v certaynlie_o persuade_v that_o his_o majesty_n have_v give_v order_n to_o discharge_v all_o the_o act_n of_o counsel_n make_v anent_o the_o canon_n and_o service-booke_n and_o be_v credible_o inform_v that_o they_o be_v discharge_v by_o act_n of_o counsel_n at_o holie-rood-house_n the_o five_o of_o julie_n last_o according_o to_o the_o order_n give_v by_o his_o majesty_n also_o we_o see_v no_o such_o just_a cause_n of_o fear_n as_o may_v import_v your_o allege_v necessity_n of_o covenant_v see_v his_o majesty_n will_v not_o press_v any_o thing_n of_o that_o nature_n but_o in_o such_o a_o fair_a and_o legal_a way_n as_o shall_v satisfy_v all_o his_o love_a subject_n and_o that_o he_o neither_o intend_v innovation_n in_o religion_n nor_o law_n
and_o advyse_v doubt_v as_o we_o say_v before_o concern_v the_o meaning_n of_o those_o part_n of_o the_o old_a covenant_n which_o concern_v matter_n of_o rite_n or_o ceremony_n neither_o do_v the_o confirmation_n of_o your_o minor_a trouble_n we_o for_o we_o have_v think_v ourselves_o free_a of_o perjury_n these_o twenty_o year_n bygone_a not_o for_o any_o certain_a persuasion_n which_o we_o have_v that_o pearth_n article_n be_v not_o abjure_v in_o the_o old_a covenant_n but_o because_o we_o do_v not_o personal_o swear_v that_o covenant_n and_o be_v not_o tie_v to_o it_o by_o the_o oath_n of_o those_o who_o do_v subscrybe_n it_o which_o we_o be_v ready_a to_o demonstrate_v by_o irrefragable_a argument_n you_o see_v then_o your_o argument_n retort_v upon_o we_o pierce_v we_o not_o at_o all_o and_o the_o reader_n may_v perceive_v that_o our_o argument_n have_v be_v so_o forcible_o throw_v upon_o you_o that_o you_o have_v not_o take_v upon_o you_o to_o answer_v any_o part_n of_o it_o if_o you_o have_v have_v evidence_n of_o the_o truth_n for_o you_o you_o will_v not_o only_o have_v retort_v our_o argument_n but_o also_o by_o answer_v it_o punctuallie_o show_v that_o it_o strayt_v not_o you_o and_o if_o you_o have_v be_v exact_a resolver_n you_o will_v not_o have_v go_v about_o to_o have_v satisfy_v we_o with_o a_o naked_a argument_n in_o contrarium_fw-la 24._o before_o we_o leave_v this_o point_n that_o it_o may_v be_v know_v to_o all_o what_o reason_n we_o have_v to_o insist_v in_o this_o our_o argument_n ad_fw-la hominem_fw-la and_o that_o we_o have_v propon_v it_o not_o to_o catch_v advantage_n of_o you_o but_o to_o get_v satisfaction_n to_o our_o own_o mind_n concern_v the_o covenant_n and_o your_o sincerity_n in_o urge_v we_o to_o subscrybe_n it_o we_o will_v collect_v out_o of_o that_o which_o have_v be_v already_o say_v some_o interrogatory_n which_o we_o pray_v you_o to_o answer_v punctuallie_o if_o you_o intend_v to_o give_v we_o satisfaction_n the_o first_o 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you_o by_o mental_a reservation_n except_o any_o part_n of_o that_o old_a covenant_n or_o in_o particular_a do_v you_o except_o that_o part_n of_o it_o in_o the_o which_o perpetual_a continuance_n in_o the_o doctrine_n &_o discipline_n of_o this_o church_n be_v promise_v or_o if_o that_o part_n be_v not_o except_v do_v you_o put_v any_o new_a gloss_n upon_o it_o which_o it_o have_v not_o before_o and_o if_o you_o do_v not_o whether_o or_o not_o you_o renew_v the_o oath_n of_o perpetual_a observation_n of_o the_o doctrine_n and_o discipline_n of_o this_o church_n as_o it_o be_v anno_fw-la 1581._o have_v not_o only_o real_o but_o also_o according_a to_o your_o own_o conception_n of_o that_o part_n of_o the_o old_a covenant_n abjure_v all_o rite_n and_o ceremony_n add_v to_o the_o discipline_n of_o this_o church_n since_o the_o foresaid_a year_n and_o consequent_o the_o article_n of_o pearth_n and_o episcopacy_n thirdlie_o see_v you_o so_o confident_o aver_v that_o pearth_n article_n be_v abjure_v in_o the_o old_a covenant_n how_o can_v you_o deny_v they_o to_o be_v abjure_v in_o the_o new_a covenant_n except_o you_o acknowledge_v a_o substantial_a difference_n betwixt_o the_o old_a and_o new_a covenant_n fourthlie_o if_o you_o grant_v that_o they_o be_v real_o and_o indeed_o abjure_v in_o the_o late_a covenant_n how_o can_v you_o faithful_o and_o sincere_o say_v to_o we_o or_o to_o any_o other_o that_o they_o be_v not_o abjure_v in_o it_o fiftlie_o how_o can_v you_o and_o all_o other_o who_o with_o you_o have_v real_o and_o also_o according_a to_o your_o own_o conception_n of_o the_o old_a covenant_n abjure_v pearth_n article_n and_o episcopacy_n by_o renew_v of_o it_o voice_n free_o in_o the_o intend_a assembly_n concern_v these_o thing_n see_v you_o be_v tie_v by_o your_o oath_n to_o condemn_v and_o abrogate_v they_o sixth_o how_o can_v we_o concur_v with_o you_o in_o a_o oath_n wherein_o we_o be_v infallible_o persuade_v that_o you_o have_v abjure_v pearth_n article_n and_o episcopacy_n seaventhlie_a if_o we_o concur_v with_o you_o in_o that_o oath_n will_v you_o not_o as_o we_o object_v in_o our_o reply_n but_o you_o have_v not_o answer_v it_o think_v we_o bind_v by_o our_o oath_n to_o condemn_v pearth_n article_n and_o episcopacy_n and_o will_v not_o you_o think_v yourselves_o bind_v in_o conscience_n to_o tell_v we_o and_o all_o other_o that_o which_o you_o think_v to_o be_v truth_n and_o may_v make_v much_o for_o your_o cause_n to_o wit_n that_o the_o word_n of_o the_o covenant_n have_v but_o one_o sense_n and_o that_o in_o that_o one_o sense_n pearth_n article_n be_v abjure_v 25._o you_o and_o all_o other_o may_v now_o see_v how_o injustlie_o you_o say_v that_o we_o will_v have_v the_o covenanter_n against_o their_o intention_n and_o whether_o they_o will_v or_o not_o to_o disallow_a and_o condemn_v pearth_n article_n and_o episcopal_a government_n lest_o they_o be_v try_v in_o a_o free_a assembly_n god_n know_v how_o far_o we_o detest_v all_o such_o deal_n and_o this_o vindication_n of_o our_o two_o argument_n we_o add_v also_o a_o three_o but_o you_o have_v swallow_v it_o bring_v by_o we_o to_o prove_v that_o pearth_n article_n and_o episcopacy_n be_v abjure_v in_o your_o late_a covenant_n will_v sufficient_o clear_v we_o of_o this_o imputation_n to_o all_o unpartial_a reader_n 26._o we_o do_v not_o only_o allege_v as_o you_o say_v that_o your_o supplication_n to_o his_o majesty_n be_v full_o satisfy_v by_o the_o last_o proclamation_n but_o ground_v a_o argument_n upon_o your_o answer_n to_o our_o four_o demand_n we_o reason_v thus_o if_o in_o all_o your_o supplication_n you_o have_v only_o seek_v the_o remove_n of_o the_o service-booke_n book_n of_o canon_n and_o new_a high_a commission_n not_o complain_v of_o any_o other_o novation_n already_o introduce_v and_o see_v his_o majesty_n have_v grant_v this_o unto_o you_o what_o reason_n have_v you_o to_o say_v that_o his_o majesty_n have_v not_o satisfy_v your_o supplication_n this_o our_o argument_n you_o have_v turn_v to_o a_o mere_a alleadgeance_n lest_o you_o shall_v have_v trouble_v yourselves_o with_o answer_v it_o whether_o or_o not_o we_o may_v forbear_v the_o practice_n of_o pearth_n article_n until_o they_o be_v try_v in_o a_o free_a assembly_n 27._o we_o come_v now_o to_o the_o consideration_n of_o that_o which_o your_o covenant_n by_o your_o own_o confession_n tie_v we_o to_o to_o wit_n the_o forbearance_n of_o pearth_n article_n until_o they_o be_v try_v in_o a_o free_a assembly_n and_o first_o whereas_o you_o say_v that_o the_o urge_v of_o the_o service_n book_n be_v a_o sufficient_a reason_n for_o forbearance_n of_o pearth_n article_n till_o a_o assembly_n we_o profess_v that_o we_o can_v not_o see_v the_o equity_n and_o force_v of_o this_o reason_n for_o the_o service-booke_n may_v be_v hold_v out_o albeit_o pearth_n article_n be_v not_o forbear_v at_o this_o time_n yea_o although_o they_o shall_v never_o be_v remove_v and_o the_o more_o obedient_a subject_n be_v at_o this_o time_n to_o his_o majesty_n law_n already_o establish_v the_o great_a hope_n may_v they_o have_v of_o obtain_v their_o desire_n 28._o you_o bring_v 2_o argument_n to_o prove_v the_o lawfulness_n of_o the_o forbearance_n of_o novation_n already_o introduce_v one_o be_v that_o the_o article_n of_o pearth_n establish_v they_o be_v conclude_v only_o for_o satisfy_v the_o king_n and_o not_o to_o press_v any_o man_n with_o the_o practice_n of_o they_o and_o because_o the_o act_n itself_o you_o mean_v the_o act_n concern_v kneel_v give_v warrant_n to_o forbear_v the_o practice_n of_o they_o at_o this_o time_n when_o the_o memory_n of_o superstition_n be_v revive_v but_o this_o reason_n do_v no_o way_n satisfy_v our_o conscience_n for_o to_o begin_v with_o the_o last_o part_n of_o your_o answer_n
all_o which_o be_v to_o be_v prefer_v to_o the_o good_a of_o particular_a person_n hence_o we_o infer_v that_o the_o precept_n of_o obedience_n to_o superioure_n which_o prescrybe_v a_o act_n aedificative_a to_o all_o because_o it_o be_v a_o exercise_n of_o a_o most_o eminent_a and_o necessary_a virtue_n be_v more_o obligatorie_n and_o of_o great_a moment_n than_o the_o precept_n of_o eschew_v scandal_n causeleslie_o take_v by_o some_o particular_a person_n 50._o secondlie_o that_o the_o precept_n of_o obedience_n to_o our_o superioure_n be_v of_o great_a moment_n and_o consequent_o more_o obligatorie_n than_o the_o precept_n of_o eschew_v scandal_n be_v evident_a by_o these_o reason_n which_o be_v bring_v by_o our_o divyne_n to_o show_v wherefore_a the_o five_o commandment_n have_v the_o first_o place_n in_o the_o second_o table_n to_o wit_n first_o because_o it_o come_v near_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o religion_n or_o piety_n command_v in_o the_o first_o table_n whence_o as_o your_o own_o amesius_n note_v in_o his_o medulla_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 17._o §_o 13._o the_o honour_v and_o obey_v of_o parent_n be_v call_v by_o profane_a author_n religion_n and_o piety_n secondlie_o this_o precept_n be_v the_o ground_n and_o sinewe_v say_v pareus_n in_o his_o catecheticke_a explication_n of_o the_o five_o precept_n of_o the_o obedience_n which_o be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o precept_n of_o the_o second_o table_n two_o reason_n be_v common_o bring_v of_o this_o one_o be_v that_o all_o society_n oeconomic_a civil_a and_o ecclesiastical_a do_v consist_v and_o be_v conserve_v by_o the_o submission_n or_o subjection_n of_o inferioure_n to_o superioure_n which_o be_v remove_v confusion_n necessary_o follow_v the_o other_o be_v that_o the_o obedience_n of_o this_o precept_n make_v way_n to_o the_o obedience_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n for_o our_o superioure_n be_v set_v over_o we_o to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o may_v make_v we_o to_o do_v our_o duty_n to_o all_o other_o and_o consequent_o our_o obedience_n to_o they_o be_v a_o mean_v institute_v by_o god_n to_o procure_v our_o obedience_n to_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o precept_n of_o the_o second_o table_n now_o will_v you_o know_v what_o follow_v out_o of_o this_o let_v your_o own_o amesius_n who_o word_n be_v more_o gracious_a unto_o you_o than_o we_o tell_v you_o it_o see_v say_v he_o cap._n citato_fw-la §_o 6_o humane_a society_n have_v the_o place_n of_o a_o foundation_n or_o ground_n in_o respect_n of_o other_o duty_n of_o justice_n and_o charity_n which_o be_v command_v in_o the_o second_o table_n of_o the_o law_n therefore_o these_o crime_n which_o direct_o procure_v the_o perturbation_n confusion_n and_o eversion_n of_o it_o be_v more_o grievous_a than_o the_o violation_n of_o the_o singular_a precept_n now_o we_o subsume_v the_o deny_v of_o obedience_n to_o superioure_n enjoin_v such_o thing_n as_o in_o themselves_o be_v lawful_a and_o exdient_a direct_o procure_v the_o perturbation_n and_o confusion_n of_o humane_a society_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o crime_n great_a than_o the_o violation_n of_o other_o particular_a precept_n of_o the_o second_o table_n for_o this_o cause_n dionysius_n bishop_n of_o alexandria_n in_o his_o epistle_n ad_fw-la novatum_fw-la cite_v before_o declare_v how_o much_o the_o unity_n of_o the_o church_n which_o be_v most_o frequent_o mar_v by_o the_o disobedience_n of_o inferioure_n to_o their_o superioure_n ought_v to_o be_v regard_v say_v that_o martyrdom_n suffer_v for_o eschew_v of_o schism_n be_v more_o glorious_a than_o martyrdom_n suffer_v for_o eschew_v idolatry_n 51._o thirdlie_o these_o office_n or_o duty_n which_o we_o owe_v to_o other_o by_o way_n of_o justice_n be_v more_o strict_o obligatorie_n than_o these_o which_o we_o owe_v to_o they_o only_o by_o way_n of_o charity_n and_o consequent_o these_o precept_n which_o prescrybe_n duty_n of_o justice_n be_v of_o great_a obligation_n than_o these_o which_o prescrybe_n duty_n of_o charity_n only_o but_o we_o owe_v the_o duty_n of_o obedience_n to_o our_o superior_n by_o way_n of_o justice_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v more_o obligatorie_n than_o the_o duty_n of_o eschew_v scandal_n causleslie_o take_v which_o be_v a_o duty_n only_o of_o charity_n the_o major_n or_o first_o proposition_n of_o this_o argument_n be_v clear_a of_o itself_o as_o be_v a_o maxim_n not_o only_o receive_v by_o the_o scholasticke_n and_o popish_a casuist_n but_o also_o by_o our_o divyne_n see_v your_o own_o amesius_n in_o his_o medulla_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 16._o §_o 58.59.60.61.62.63_o where_o he_o not_o only_o propon_v this_o maxim_n but_o also_o prove_v it_o by_o two_o most_o evident_a example_n the_o minor_a be_v likewise_o clear_a for_o first_o the_o duty_n of_o obedience_n which_o we_o owe_v to_o the_o public_a law_n of_o the_o church_n and_o kingdom_n belong_v to_o that_o general_n justice_n which_o be_v call_v justitia_fw-la legalis_fw-la for_o the_o 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of_o debt_n and_o the_o last_o be_v far_o more_o obligatorie_n than_o the_o first_o as_o for_o example_n a_o man_n owe_v money_n to_o the_o poor_a by_o a_o moral_a debt_n but_o to_o his_o creditor_n he_o owe_v they_o by_o a_o legal_a debt_n or_o debt_n of_o justice_n and_o therefore_o he_o be_v more_o strict_o oblige_v to_o pay_v his_o creditor_n than_o to_o give_v alm_n such-lyke_a by_o moral_a honesty_n and_o god_n precept_n also_o a_o man_n owe_v to_o his_o neighbour_n a_o pious_a carefulness_n to_o impede_fw-la sin_n in_o he_o by_o admonition_n instruction_n good_a example_n and_o by_o omission_n even_o of_o thing_n lawful_a when_o he_o forsee_v that_o his_o neighbour_n in_o respect_n of_o his_o weakness_n will_v be_v scandalize_v by_o they_o but_o his_o neighbour_n have_v not_o such_o a_o right_a to_o exact_v these_o thing_n of_o he_o neither_o can_v he_o have_v action_n against_o he_o for_o not_o perform_v of_o they_o as_o our_o lawful_a superioure_n have_v for_o our_o due_a 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but_o also_o bring_v even_o upon_o good_a man_n a_o multitude_n of_o undeserved_a aspersion_n brethren_n we_o intend_v not_o to_o give_v you_o a_o meeting_n in_o this_o for_o our_o resolution_n be_v not_o to_o be_v overcome_v of_o evil_a but_o to_o overcome_v evil_a with_o good_a rome_n 12.21_o and_o we_o be_v glad_a to_o suffer_v this_o for_o his_o cause_n who_o truth_n we_o maintain_v pity_v in_o you_o this_o great_a defect_n of_o christian_a and_o brotherlie_a compassion_n and_o pray_v god_n not_o to_o lay_v it_o to_o your_o charge_n wherefore_o we_o will_v not_o search_v and_o try_v your_o way_n as_o you_o have_v do_v we_o but_o we_o will_v reflect_v our_o thought_n upon_o ourselves_o and_o see_v whether_o or_o not_o we_o be_v guilty_a of_o these_o thing_n which_o you_o here_o reprehend_v in_o us._n 2._o you_o say_v first_o that_o we_o have_v take_v a_o ample_a testimony_n to_o ourselves_o but_o what_o we_o pray_v you_o have_v we_o testify_v of_o ourselves_o but_o this_o only_o that_o in_o sincere_a and_o zealous_a profession_n of_o the_o truth_n we_o be_v not_o inferior_a to_o other_o and_o according_a to_o our_o measure_n have_v strive_v to_o be_v faythfuil_a in_o all_o the_o duty_n of_o our_o call_v you_o have_v indeed_n put_v more_o in-to_a our_o apology_n and_o say_v that_o we_o have_v praise_v ourselves_o from_o our_o frequency_n of_o prayer_n extraordinary_a humiliation_n and_o holiness_n of_o life_n and_o conversation_n etc._n etc._n for_o as_o you_o be_v loath_a to_o speak_v any_o good_a of_o we_o so_o you_o will_v have_v the_o reader_n believe_v that_o we_o speak_v too_o much_o good_a of_o ourselves_o but_o in_o this_o as_o you_o wrong_v we_o so_o you_o make_v the_o reader_n to_o see_v how_o negligent_o you_o have_v read_v and_o consider_v our_o word_n for_o whereas_o in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o our_o reply_n we_o tell_v you_o that_o we_o have_v other_o mean_n and_o more_o effectual_a than_o your_o covenant_n to_o use_v for_o hold_v out_o of_o 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in_o their_o calling_n from_o the_o contempt_n and_o calumny_n of_o other_o we_o have_v in_o the_o scripture_n notable_a example_n of_o ggd_n dear_a sayncte_v who_o in_o such_o case_n yea_o in_o other_o case_n also_o without_o any_o derogation_n to_o their_o singular_a humility_n do_v fall_v out_o into_o high_a expression_n of_o their_o own_o virtuous_a and_o pious_a carriage_n who_o ever_o speak_v so_o humble_o of_o himself_o as_o paul_n who_o call_v himself_o less_o than_o the_o least_o of_o all_o sayncte_v ephes._n 3.8_o and_o yet_o elsewhere_o he_o say_v that_o he_o be_v not_o a_o whit_n behind_o the_o very_o chief_a apostle_n and_o that_o he_o labour_v more_o abundant_o than_o they_o all_o 1._o cor._n 15.10_o 2._o cor._n 11.5_o 4._o the_o defect_n which_o by_o your_o strict_a and_o curious_a inquisition_n you_o think_v you_o have_v find_v in_o we_o may_v be_v reduce_v into_o two_o point_v one_o be_v that_o we_o be_v too_o spare_v in_o our_o pain_n in_o preach_v and_o that_o we_o 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your_o frequent_a peregrination_n from_o your_o station_n 5._o as_o for_o the_o next_o point_n although_o it_o be_v true_a yet_o the_o parable_n of_o the_o seed_n sow_v in_o diverse_a sort_n of_o ground_n and_o the_o dolorous_a complaint_n which_o these_o most_o painful_a and_o thunderin_o preacher_n eliah_n 1._o king_n 19_o 10._o isaiah_n 53._o 1._o paul_n gal._n 1.6_o and_o 3.1_o yea_o of_o christ_n himself_o matth_n 23.37_o and_o luke_n 19.41.42_o make_v of_o the_o hard_a success_n of_o their_o labour_n may_v learn_v you_o to_o be_v more_o benign_a in_o your_o censure_n of_o we_o than_o you_o be_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n it_o be_v know_v to_o his_o majesty_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o secret_a counsel_n and_o to_o all_o the_o country_n here_o as_o also_o it_o be_v evident_a by_o many_o public_a extant_a act_n of_o the_o say_v secret_a counsel_n and_o of_o our_o diocoesian_a assembly_n that_o we_o have_v be_v as_o diligent_o exercise_v in_o oppose_v of_o popery_n as_o any_o minister_n 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can_v never_o be_v true_o profitable_a to_o any_o and_o solomon_n have_v tell_v we_o the_o there_o be_v no_o wisdom_n nor_o understanding_n against_o the_o lord_n proverb_n 21.30_o 7._o as_o for_o last_o part_n of_o your_o answer_n we_o have_v so_o often_o tell_v you_o that_o your_o fear_n of_o the_o inbringing_a of_o the_o service-booke_n and_o canon_n be_v causeless_a and_o you_o have_v so_o oft_o deny_v this_o that_o it_o be_v folly_n to_o weary_a the_o reader_n any_o more_o with_o this_o matter_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n we_o tell_v you_o that_o if_o you_o covenant_n be_v unlawful_a in_o itself_o as_o we_o still_o think_v it_o to_o be_v your_o fear_n although_o it_o be_v just_o conceive_v will_v never_o free_v your_o soul_n of_o the_o guiltiness_n of_o it_o the_o xii_o duply_v to_o justify_v or_o excuse_v your_o omission_n of_o public_a disallow_n and_o condemn_v the_o public_a disorder_n and_o misscarriage_n of_o some_o who_o have_v subscrybed_n the_o covenant_n especial_o the_o offering_n of_o violence_n to_o prelate_n and_o minister_n in_o time_n of_o divine_a service_n and_o in_o the_o house_n of_o god_n whereof_o we_o speak_v in_o our_o twelve_o demand_n and_o reply_v you_o answer_v first_o that_o you_o acknowledge_v not_o the_o service-booke_n for_o the_o lord_n service_n you_o may_v say_v the_o same_o of_o any_o service-booke_n if_o you_o allow_v the_o reason_n late_o set_v forth_o in_o print_n against_o the_o service-booke_n for_o there_o a_o prescript_n form_n of_o prayet_n be_v condemn_v which_o direct_o crossth_n the_o practice_n of_o the_o vniversll_a church_n of_o christ_n ancient_a and_o recent_a 2._o you_o allege_v that_o you_o acknowledge_v not_o the_o unsurpd_v authority_n of_o prelate_n for_o lawful_a authority_n for_o aught_o we_o can_v perceive_v 1._o by_o