before the army approch the lodgings alwayes are in a readines To euerie 12. Ruiters commonly there is allowed a wagon with 4 horses or to sixe a cart with two horses and their knights are about one third part of the number of their horsemen The Lance knights also encampe alwayes in the field verie strongly two or thrée to a cabinet their pikes armour standing vp by them in a redines so orderly placed with stréets so conuenient cleanly preserued that their campe is no lesse holesome then strong I haue séene sixe thousand of them lodge in sixe or seuen acre of ground which proportion differeth not much from that of the old Romains The high Marshall as well for the ordering of sconts as all other matters of importance in the campe is to giue order and at the setting of the watch his trumpets ought first to sound and then all the residue of the trumpets in order to answere euerie one to his seueral quarter and in the morning al the trumpets should assemble before the Lord Lieutenants tent and there to sound the reliefe of the watch but no man must vpon paine of death remoue from his charge vntill the warders be come out then may euerie man depart to his rest In the fielde at a day of seruice though there be a Generall of the horsemen yet is it the place of the high Marshall to serue there as chiefe to appoint in how manie troopes the horsemen shall diuide themselues and which shall charge which stand for their rescue and to prohibite that vpon euerie crie amongst the footemen of march Cauallarie or forward horsemen they doâ—… not remoue disband or giue charge but onely by knowne counter signes and watch words from the Generall that inuasions may be made at due times and when necessitie requires not for euerie trifle or priuate danger of some persons for otherwise their disbanding out of time may arise to be ruine and losse of an armie in a day of battell If any prisoners be taken in the fielde they ought forthwith to be enrold in the Marshals booke and then if any make claime to any other mans prisoner the Marshal as iudge to determine who shall haue him and for euerie prisoner brought into the Marshall sea and enrolled in the Marshals booke his fée is eight pence he is also to haue of al booties taken in the field brought into the campe the third part but as well for this as other his fées they are by the General to be limited at the beginning as shall be thought reasonable Finally the high Marshal ought to be a man of such perfection that he know the duetie of euerie inferiour officer and be able to reforme their misdéeds and that of his owne knowledge The handling of small matters must be committed to his Prouost who ought to be a chosen person alwayes retaining the greater causes and such as concerne life to be heard by himselfe who for his greater reputation and to be knowne from other officers he should haue a Cornet or guidon borne before him in the fielde as I haue séene the pages seruants wiues and women in Don Iohn of Austria his campe attend in no lesse good order then any well gouerned band And for as much as it appertaineth chiefly to the high Mashal to gouerne the execution of the Militarie lawes I therein refer him to my first booke wherein I thought it more necessary to be set downe then in this place to the intent the souldiers may dayly heare their dueties and not to offend through ignorance vnto which lawes some thinke it necessarie that not onely euerie Captaine and Collonel should be sworne but also after the old Romaine manner euery particular souldier at his entring into pay or at the consecration of the Ensigne to make his oath ioyntly vnto them both for which cause the Romaine warfare was termed Militia Sacrata The oathes that euerie officer ought to take of what office soeuer he be Of the Pretor THe Pretor Aduocate or Coadiutor to the Marshall being learned in the Martiall Ciuill and commmon Lawes shall take his oath giuen him by the Generall shall sweare by almighty God that whatsoeuer he shal iudge ordain or determine in court or out of court that he shal kéepe it close secreat to his liues end that he shal be true and iust to the Lords and that he shall execute iustice to his vtmost power and that he shal not during the wars take any gift of any man for any matter in controuersie to be tried before him but shall vse indifferent iustice to al meÌ„ without respect of persons friendship or malice as God shall helpe him at the dreadfull day of iudgement Of the Prouost Marshall HIs oath is likewise giuen by the Generall that he shall sée al faults duely and according to the lawes punished in al offenders without regard or respect of persons That he shall in the market place set vp a paire of gallowes as well for the terrour of the wicked as to do execution vpon them that offend the lawes Also that he shall set on al victuals brought to the market a reasonable price that the seller the buyer may reasonably liue by it and that he exact nothing behind his duetie of any man that he neither vse extorcion or briberie that he let no prisoner takeÌ„ of the enimie or offender otherwise to his witting escape with other Articles contained in his office at the discretion of the General the which he must be sworne vnto The master of the watch the Purueyor for victuals the fire master must likewise take their oathes as it is here set downe in the 4. 5. and sixt booke of these Directions The Clarke or Notarie of the Court. THe Notarie shall be sworne before the twelue Iudges of the court that he shall truely and without fraude exercise his office not adding or diminishing for friendship malice or briberie any thing deliuered to him in court or elsewhere to the hinderance of equitie and iustice that he precisely kéepe vndefaced and vncancelled all the records and the whole actes and dealings of all men hanging in the court whether they be tried or vntried in controuersie and not determined and that he kéepe and conceale all things which he heareth in the court either said or doone as ended or determined secret and close to his liues end and if he do otherwise he shall haue the lawe prouided for such an offendour Of the common Cryer of the court HE shall take the like oath before the Iudge to doe trulie and faithfully his office at all times and in all places according as the Iudge shall commaund him so that through his diligence there be no fault found in him at the court day and that he kéepe close and secret all such matters as he shall heare handled by the Iudges vntill his liues end as God helpe him Directions for the marching of
his squadron according to the order appointed by his betters and with the most spéedy artificial maner that he can must arme and fortify with ditches trenches and Sentinels the place where he must make his abode with this his small band and troup of souldiers the better to resist the enemies furie or any surprise he might assault him withall considering that sometimes yea and that very often being set vpon the Sentinels and corps de garde be repulsed and haue their throats cut to the great disturbance vniuersall domage of the whole campe He must ordaine his watch in such a place that in the same at all times he may remaine warie and vigilant placing himselfe in the moste high and eminent seate of all the corps de gard to the intent that he may know and discern in due time euery particular accident that shall happen or succéed and thereof immediatly aduertise his captaine of all that hee may prouide remedie with speede according as the case requires Warily and secretly eueÌ„ at the closing of the night vntill the bright spring of the Diana and fayre day light he must ordaine and place Sentinels and often search and visite them with the aid of two of the captaines gentlemen of his companie called of the Italians Lanzze Spezzate or might be termed more aptly extraordinary Lieutenants that he may alwayes remayne vigilant and assured to the intent hee be not assailed vnprouided to his great domage and before he can giue warning of the enemie to the campe which doth rest and lie in safetie in that quarter where he is vnder his charge care and diligence In such cases he ought therefore to imploy the best men he hath that he neuer rest deceiued in a matter of so great importance since that of those which be but meane souldiers or as I may well terme them negligent persons nothing else is to be looked for at their handes but error losse and danger Moreouer he must at the least cause the third part of his squadron to remayne stand continually armed at all poynts both night and day consisting of greater or lesse quantitie of people according as the suspition doth argue the neede of them to be small or great the Hargabusiers hauing their flaskes and furniture tied to their girdles and their peeces readie charged that vpon a sodaine they may contend by skirmish according to needfull occasion and readily resist the enemy without slacking or any remission of time vntill all the squadron be put in order He must be very circumspect that the rest of the souldiers weapons and principally his owne be laid vp and placed in such order one kinde being deuided from another that in one instant they may be speedily and readily armed the which hée must daily put in practise and inure them withall by fained alarmes by speciall commandement and of set purpose which be most necessarie to be practised before-hand for diuers honorable and important respectes worthie to be had in good consideration Therefore let him haue and carie a continual care that their armes neuer remaine in any confused order the which if hée should suffer he should find no doubt to be a great want but the same may be preuented and made easie by accomodating the Hargabusies in ranck one by one vpon a boord or banck the pikes and corslets in order reared and hanged vpon some wall or other apt place in the corps de gard and vpoÌ„ ech particular weapon and péece euery souldier should haue a proper and speciall mark before-hand made whereby to know the same He ought daily to instruct his squadron euerie one apart howe to handle the weapon wherwith they serue the Hargabusier to charge discharge nimbly the pikeman to tosse his pike with great dexterity Sentinels ought with great reason to be placed about the corps of gard to the intent the same may be defended and kept with more safety and securitie He himselfe at the closing of the night must place the first Sentinel and so consequently the rest instructing them orderly what maner they haue to obserâ—…e and howe they ought to gouern theÌ„selues in such accidents as might insue who are to remaine in Sentinel in winter and cold weather but one houre or two at the most but in sommer two or three houres before they be changed for which respect that euery one may be â—…ed with equitie let him first make a iust diuision of his number according to the number of the houres in the night and following that proportioÌ„ let him see the same performed without fauoring or omitting any the which he may the more certainly performe if the names of his souldiers be written in a roll and when the houre-glasse hath run their time which is necessary for him to haue in his corps de gard then to pricke their names and place newe in their roomes so shall ech souldier be partaker of the trauaile and rest marueilously wel satisfied But for that in wars Canuisados Surprises Sallies such like casualties aduertisementes be infinite I will leaue the rest to his owne vigilant discretion suppose it néedlesse to aduertise him of euery particular point more then that I haue and will touch in this my first booke of Militarie directions as cases moste proper for priuate souldiers I therefore at this present thinke it sufficient for a corporall to know that it is necessary he should so dispose the matter through his prouident prouision that all his people may be reduced into order and already haue taken their weapons in their hands before the enemy giue charge vpon them And therfore in time and place of suspition and danger he must place lost Sentinels without the watchword a good distance off from the Corpes de garde in places moste suspect But in other places not néedfull so much to be suspected and that be néerer him he ought to set Sentinels with the watch-word so farre one from an other as it shal seeme vnto him reasonable or requisit that they may inuâ—…ron the ground one within the sight of another or so that the enemy caÌ„not enter or any espion issue without their knowledge If great occasion so demand let him place togither one hargabusier one armed pike to the intent that the one may kéep the enemie far off and in a certain sort sustaine his fury at the point of his pike whilst the Hargabusier with the discharge of his péece giues arme to the corpes de garde and camp which exployt may be the better performed if a corporall shippe of pikemen be ioyned togither with another of shot Somtimes without making any noyse or rumour Arme is giuen to the campe for one of the two Sentinels may retyre and make relation to the corporall what hath appeared bin séene hard or happened wherby he may speedily with great silence giue Arme to the gard without leauing the place of the Sentinel disarmed which they ought neuer to abandon
and vse thereof for it séemes to mee according to the opinion of diuers expert persons that they are not onely commendable but also most profitable and doe helpe those souldiers much that do learne and exercise them and the reason is this That those souldiers which haue not as yet had discipline and be litle practised in the managing of sâ—…reite aray and in turning thémselues in their aray and in managing all sorts of weapons as pikes specially the hargabusiers with the which it is requisite to cause them make certaine salutations in shooting of the Bissa and also in opening of the same in such sort as the hargabusiers may stand in continuall motion redinesse to charge discharge their péeces alwayes marching in aray sometimes large sometimes straite and sometimes softly and sometimes fast it makes them very disposed nimble and readie as wel in managing their weapons as in marching iustly and with a good grace in their aray and in the battell whereby it may appeare that the making of the Bissa and Caraguolo it of great profite and of importance and those are to be reprehended that despiâ—…e and forgoe them as I haue said before Therefore all good souldiers are to command the iudgement of him that was first the inuentor thereof and we are to search with all diligence to imitate the same rule which I will here God willing go about succinctly and at large to declare because in my former proportions of a King an S a D and a Snaite I haue not done neither touched the manner of this Bissa or Caraguolo the which I the rather thinke necessarie to the intent euery souldier may sée with his eyes a perfect example and way how to make it and to the end his error in this his wilfulnesse arise not to be his discredite in greater causes and to those that hold them méere trifles and feare to faile therin with a litle exercise shall find it easie I haue séene some Captaines that hath made the same most gallantly to their great commendation by men of the greatest authorite in the field If therfore you would make a single Bissa obserue the order set downe in this proportion Presupposing that the figure of this Bissa here set downe is the plaine or ground where the muster is made you must begin to enter with your aray where the taile of this Bissa is turning first on the right hand afterward on the left hand winding your aray about another time on the right hand and on the left vntil such time as you sée the Ensigne be come iust into the midst of the Bissa and that you thinke it be well issuing forth after out of the head of the Bissa as here is set downe causing them to make a goodly salutation your Hargabusiers at the opening and disclosing of the aray aduertising you that these three and thrée in the Bissa are the ranks of the footemen and the D signifying the Drums the E the Ensigne so that beginning this order and well obseruing it you cannot erre The double Bissa Desiring to make a double Bissa that is more inuironed and closed then the single as here appeares you must note that the rankes ought not to be past fiue in a ranke or sixe or seuen at the most for when they are ouer large they make the aray ouer broad taking care likewise that the place be commodious and capeable that the footemen may be spred that they may march without perill of entangling aduertising them that are at the front of the aray when they march in their entring into the place of armes where they are to make the said Bissa to take so much space in the same as is conuenient to do that which in your minde you haue determined Alwayes in turning and doubling the aray holding the path and way large and marching as streit as is possible if you desire that the same shal fal out well beginning the entrie at the taile as in the single is declared turning alwayes as you may perceiue is set downe by the figure before And after that you haue made an end to double it sufficiently in the last doubling as in the single Bissa you must issue forth making large So in this double hauing ended all your turning you must go compassing and making a circuit after issuing forth you must make a generall Salua with your péeces and this will be easie and to the beholders shal appeare intricate firie A plaine rule to set the Ring in aray IT is requisite if you desire to make the King a Caraguolo to hold the same order that is set down in making of the Bissa which is that the rankes do not passe the number of sixe or 7. footemen to the intent they do not confound them in going out although they may be made of a greater nuÌ„ber but theÌ„ it is requisite that those that guide theÌ„ at the front of the maine be wel practised for that it is perilous to intangle themselues Therefore you must take care to vse greater diligence in the ring and Caraguolo then you doe in the Bissa and the guider thereof must stand at the front of the aray and conduct them into the market place or where the assemblie of Armes is Presuppose therefore in your minde hauing in charge to make this ring or Caraguolo that here you sée set down in portrature to be likewise figured in your mind vpon the earth and vpon the place where you are to make it entring first where you sée the crosse and go forward marching at large and frame a round circle alwayes turning vpon the right hand leauing betwixt one circle another a large way so great that at your returne you may come within the said way where this word the issue out is set downe which doth note the turning backe when you are in the midst of the King or Caraguolo that is when you do sée you haue closed and shut them togither sufficiently hauing left betwixt the one circle and the other of the aray so much space that in the same you may returne backe so the one do not touch another Then shall you cause a goodly Salua to be made of all the Hargabusiers generally at one instant Afterwards returning backe by the left hand you shall issue foorth by that way that you haue left betwixt the one circle and the other as it is drawne in the plat where this word The issue out is marching alwayes right forth and as equally as you can and cause to be made at your issue forth another generall Salua by the Hargabusiers You may begin the said Caraguolo vpon what side yée list either vpon the right or vpon the left hand hauing care that if you begin it vpon your right in your issue forth to turne towards the left hand And so likewise if you begin vpon the left in your issuing forth to turne to the right for so you shall finde the way
Argolateares a pretie distance off In this sort if one squadron happen to be broken yet shal another make head vpon the enimie while they may retyre troupe againe which is the only safetie as wel of Horsemen as footmen And albeit in the day of seruice it is the part of the high marshall himselfe to giue order in what sort and with what troupes the charges shal be giuen or receiued it is also the Lieutenants part as well to giue his aduise as also to be a leader in all these actions He ought therefore to take great regard to the ground where he meaneth to giue the charge for if he charge in troupe the falling of a few horse in the for most rankes may disorder and foile the whole troupe Before the front of his owne footmen let him neuer giue charge for it hath bin séene that horsemen being repulsed haue bene foreed in vpon their own footmen disordered them Let the horse therefore charge vpon the flanke of the enimie and diligently attend if by any accident they can perceiue any breaking or opening in the side of his enimies battell and then sodainly to charge that breach for as horsemen are inferiours to wel ordered footmen so vpon any smal disorder they carrie with them victory And for that in our age there hath arisen diuers fodaine effects not looked for wrought by the good and well guiding of horsemen I thinke it good somewhat more amplie to delate vpon this point specially as I said before in appointing out a place apart from the battel ranks wherin the Cauallarie may be ranged to the intent they may with good scope fréely and fitly turne and run with their squadrons and ranks in charging the enimy in taking charge likewise of them and in all other enterprises considering that the troopes of horsemen in retyring or turning round do often disorder and break their own infanterie either through the discommoditie of the place or through the want of the good and warie guiding of them Contrariwise at other times by their aduised and spéedie serâ—… a small number of horsemen well bent and better guided haue bêene séene to enter very couragiously into a great battaite of the enimies footemen and either for that they were slenderly flanked with Hargabuziers or by the disaduantage of the grouÌ„d or being disordered by meanes of some errour or through some other sinister chance or by meanes the said battaile was guided by vnequall or vncertaine pase or through the naughtie indeuor and diligence of rawe and vnpractised souldiers or in going through a streight place or passage of water or otherwise horsemen haue easilie disordered and broken their battailes and all the rest of a whole armie But yet are they not able to encounter with a well ordered square battell of pikes if their couragious and well ranged rankes keepe their araie and when the horsemen charge doe clinge and sarrie verie néere together in the fore rancke and set shoulder to shoulder with their pikes well couched and crossed bending them in both their handes straight before them and their followers at their backes laying theyr pikes ouer their foregoers shouldiers and so stand at the push besides the shouldering of the foreranks together hauing pitched their pikes vnder one of their feete in the ground they stoope and bow downe so loe with their bodies that their followers may easilie come to seruice behinde their backes where some doe vse to place the light armed pikes who amongst some nations for want of brest plates of Iron vse tand lether paper platecoates iackets c. For a gorget thicke folded kerchefes about their neck a scull of Iron for a head péece and a Uenetian or lether Shéeld and Target at their backes to vse with their short Swordes at the close of a battaile and in a throng The squadron of pikemen hauing couched and crossed their pikes brest high closely sarred together are as hard to be pearst with horsemen as an angrie Porcapine or Hedgehog with the end of a bare finger Wherefore to ouerthrowe a maine square battaile planted in that order it is good to vse the aide of Hargolateares who must first scale the fronte and ranks of the battels and then being seconded by the lances men at armes breake their araie and whole battaile In the erecution whereof it is good to vse the Rutters order which somewhat differs from the French mans fight for he encountring the enemie cannot indure any troope to be néere his long stretched ranckes because of breaking his course but the retire fighteth in this sort When the retire is approched néere enough vnto the enemie the first ranke dooth aduance vpon them and when he hath discharged his Pistolet he doth run still in forward as dooth the French who doth still pursue his point but more short on the right hand or on the left according vnto the place where he is and so is also spéedely followed by the second ranke which dooth the same Then the third followeth the second to giue the charge as soone as euer he séeth him departed that stood before him all the rankes following one another in such maner euen vnto the last the hindermost runneth they fighting with Pistolets onely for to come vnto their foreriders they standing all along one at anothers backe And for so much as it is impossible but that when they do present themselues some of them or else their horses be slaine Therefore so soone as euer one of the formost ranke is séene to fall downe he that is in the second ranke directly behinde him that is departed or else disabled must take his place and the next behind him in the third ranke must furnish the same voide ranke wherein he was in the second and so the rest in like order so that they alwaies make their formost rankes of the most assured for in all things namely in â—…eates of armes the beginning is of greatest moment some to break the front of armed pikes do vse to cause the men at armes dismount and in their complet armor to charge them with their launces Some others hold an opinion that the maner of the Germans is best who kéepe alwaies their maine troopes standing cause only one ranke from the front to charge the same being repulsed to retire to the taile and backe of the standing troope then an other to charge and retire to the taile backe as the former whereby they maintaine the whole troope in full strength vntil they sée the footmen sway or breake that their horsemen enter Then presently they back them with an other ranke those againe with an other vntill they sée cause either to follow with the whole troope or to staie this is thought to be the surest and most orderly forme of charging of all others notwithstanding the accustomed whéeling about of the rutters which they vse with their whole troopes euery one after an other giuing the enemie
but at such times as the enimie is manifestly discouered The occasion of the Alarme being certaine at which time being retyred they must vnite themselues togither with the souldiers of the gard that they may all wholy in one companie execute that which shall fall out best for their purpose which is to retyre fighting or skirmishing to the Campe according to ordinarie custome notwithstanding by the order and appointment of those which haue authoritie to command them as their Captaine Sergeant Maior c. but neuer otherwise He ought moreouer to be circumspect that in the body of the watch a solemne secrete silence be kept without singing brawling or any rumour or noise and specially in the night both in respect of the enimie to heare when the Alarme is giuen and to the intent that those which rest sléepe and are not yet in Sentinel may be the more apt to resist apply themselues to these factions exercises which are required of them with vigilant watchfulnes since a man cannot without great difficultie remaine without sléepe or rest any much longer time then our nature is accustomed by ordinarie course to beare and therfore at the entrance of the corps de gard he ought likewise to kéepe a proper Sentinel appertaining to the gard that neither friend nor enimie comming out of the Campe or else where shall be able to enter without yeelding the watchword and in this sort must the Corporall proceed euen vntill the Diana be sounded through all the Campe. For other respects I finally refer him to my following discourse which togither with that written before it is requisite he haue in perfect memorie as well as the priuate souldier Sixe speciall points appertaining to souldiers of all sorts IT is written in the Historie of Pietro Bizari touching the incredible and maruellous obedience of the Turkish souldiers that a certaine Gentleman at his returne from Constantinople did declare vnto the Earle of Salma that he had seene foure myracles in the Turkish dominions which was first an infinite armie almost without number consisting of more then foure hundred thousand men Secondly that amongst so many men he saw not one woman Thirdly that there was no mention made of wine And last at night when they had cryed with a hye voice Alla which is God there continued so great a silence through the whole campe that euen in the Pauilions they did not speak but with a low soft voice a thing worthie to be admired to the great shame of the confusion of Christians therefore if the infidels obserue such strict discipline why should not we that be Christians indeuour our selues to surpasse them therin and begin with the Spaniard the Salue and Auemaria which they vse thrise throughout their whole campe recommending themselues and their affaires to God with great reuerence and silence which I would wish to be continued vntill the diana when togither with the sound of the drummes the same might be with a chéerefull crie renued But togither with silence to set downe certaine other vertues take them here as I finde them written Silence In all places of seruice such silence must be vsed that souldiers may heare friends and not be heard of enimies as well in watch ward ambush canuisado or any other exploit in which point consisteth oftentimes the safetie or perdition of the whole Campe. Obedience Such obedience must be vsed that none regard the persons but the office to them appointed diligently obseruing the same any offending to the contrarie runneth into the danger of the law for longer then obedience is vsed and maintained there is no hope of good successe Secretnesse Souldiers must be secrete and haue regard that they disclose nothing though sometimes they vnderstand the pretence of the hier powers The disclosers of such merite most cruell punishment Sobrietie In Sobrietie consisteth great praise to the souldiers who vsing the same are euer in state of preserment such regard their duties and reproue the rash busibodies Drunkerds c. are euer in danger of punishment Hardinesse The Captaines and souldiers that be hardie of courage be much auailable in seruice specially such as will ponder what may be the end of their enterprise Some in times past haue hardly giuen the onset and after repented the same but the praise of the aduised cannot be expressed Truth and Loyaltie The vertue of loyaltie and truth is farre excéeding my capacitie to write the practises of the contrarie are not worthie of life but to be soone adiudged Subtile enimies approue to corrupt souldiers with giftes and the diuell to entrap them with the swéete intising baites of lewd libertie But since the reward of truth is euerlasting life the vntrue and dissembler looseth the same in continuall darkenesse I trust none of our countrimen will learne the one for the other will be false to his soueraigne or flée from the assured piller of the Catholike faith from which God kéepe all good souldiers How a souldier may maintaine obedience and keepe himselfe in the fauour and good grace of his Captaine and Generall A Good souldier ought to haue consideration that since due orders and lawes are the assured foundation stay of euerie state and contrariwise discord and disobedience the ruine of all Realmes so that aboue all things a well gouerned Generall and a carefull Captaine ought prudently to foresée that their Campe and souldiers be paid and punished with equall execution of iustice not respecting person yeelding to the offenders punishment and reward to the vertuous depressing vice and exalting vertue vsing commendation to the good and correction to the euill ioyned with admonishments of magnanimitie the which if they preuaile not to chastise them and as the good husband doth plucke the wéeds out of the good corne to the intent that they by their wicked pernicious example do not infect the rest consequently doth prouide that no fault passe vnpunished nor no valorous act vnrewarded by which meanes he becomes scared fauoured obeyed and beloued of all the armie euen so on the other side the good natured souldier must euer haue respect to keepe the bondes of modestie towards his superiour and yéeld many thankes to God that he hath giuen him so iust and vertuous a Captaine and General towards whom he must alwayes yeeld like obedience that the sonne doth to the father being bound so to do by the diuine law without shewing himselfe opposite to the order of generall iustice nor ingratefull for his receiued benefites but continually by his good guiding in the one and the other giue his Captaine iust cause to loue and like wel of him Souldiers be euer bound to obey the iustice and commandements of their superiours and the superiours likewise to embrace the obedience of their souldiers whilest he doth sée himselfe honoured and obeyed of them either in déeds or words in earnest or dissembling Although the general or captaine were a right Sardanapalus so that his lawes
in a readinesse and resort to the place appointed which commonly is the market place being first of all vnited with his ensigne and from thence in order of aray to the enemies as they be coÌ„manded vpon the pain of the losse of his life 39 Item all souldiers being horsemen or footmen must diligently in order of aray by sound of drum or trumpet accompany the ensigâ—…e to watch ward or reliefe of the same being there silently in a readinesse to withstand or discouer the enemies as occasion shall serue to brute the alarme with the vsuall worde arme arme or bowes bowes if â—…n 〈◊〉 or anie bandes be in paie vpon paine of losse of their liuâ— 5. 40 Item all souldiers must keepe their armor and weapons faire cleane and seruiceable to a readinesse at euerie sodaine none intermedling but with his owne euerie one to helpe other to arme and diligently to resort to the place of seruice at scrie and larum vpon paine 41 Item all souldiers must honestly intreate and truely paie victuallers and artificers allowed for the reliefe being friends or enemies and with curteous words encourage such to victual and relieue the companies or campe vpon paine 42 Item all souldiers in watch ward march or otherwise shall haue special regard that if there be man or woman desirous to speake with the superiors or being thy enemies for feare doe forsake his owne power and resort to thee let such secretly be conueied to the Lord chiefe generall regarding that they view no secrets least they be double spies vpon paine of the losse of their liues 43 Item captaines and officers must oft frequent and resort vnto the souldiers lodgings to sée in what state their armor and inunitions be and to giue great charge that their furniture be alwaies in a readinesse their corslets with all peeces belonging to the same and their caliuers to be made cleane and oiled to haue match powder drie bullets fit for their peeces stringes whipped for their bowes their billes and halberdes to be kept sharpe And often to view euery particular vpon paine 44 Item he that shall depart out of the place where he shal be put by his head or any officer whatsoeuer for a lost Sentinel spy watchman scout or warder aswell by day as by night as it often happeneth to discouer some dealings of the enemy without attending and staying for him that placed him there to take him away except he should remoue in hast to aduertise his head of the successe of the enemies assaulting or doing anie outrage shall be punished with death 45 Item whosoeuer should rashly offend or hurt either in word or deedes any man belonging to the deputies or head officers of iustice or captain there being in pay for sergeants And they being appointed to carrie no other weapon with sicles or staues but billes or halberds they may be knowne for men of iustice and not for Souldiers 46 Item whosoeuer standeth within or without the campe or barres to watch or scout and doth his dutie so euill that thorow his negligence the enemy setteth vpon the campe at vnawares he shall die 47 Item he that vnder colour of doing the duetie of a scout or spie perceiuing the enemies haue assaulted the campe and he with such faining lieth still shall die for it 48 Item he that shall forsake the defence in generall or particular of the batterie of the trench of the passage of a bridge or other like to him committed but lightly not forced goeth away shal be for so offending punished with death 49 Item whosoeuer entring into a Citie taken by force followeth not his ensigne whither soeuer it shall go vntil the Generall make proclamation that euerie man shall take booties And if the general cause no such proclamation to be made that souldiers make spoile he shall incurre the paine of death and if proclamation be made that they shall cease from taking praies and booties and after licence giuen if they giue not ouer they shall fall into the same punishment 50 Item whosoeuer seeing the ensigne vnder the which he warreth in fraies or fight by chance be fallen in the hands of the enemies if he be there present and doe not his indeuour to recouer it and when it is cowardly lost to punish the souldiers which haue suffered it to be cowardly lost with death 51 Item he that shall flée from the battaile being in the face and front of the enemies or shall go slowly and slackly to ioyne and a front with them in case it be to fight a field battaile or in anie skirmish what soeuer shal be punished with death 52 Item he that shall faine himselfe sick to auoid the fighting of the enemie or because he would not goe to anie other enterprise to vse his handes but I meane there for to rob for to such affaires they will be ready inough shal be cruelly punished 53 Item whosoeuer seeing his generall or his captaine or other coronell and officer of the campe in the hand of the enemies and succoureth him not with all his power and may doe â—…t not respecting any danger shall suffer death 45 Item he that shall rob or spoile the people of the countriâ—… or subiectes or vassels of the prince 〈◊〉 sâ—…rueth shall die 55 Item he that by theft should sceale or rob the armor weapons or horses or other thing from anie other seruing against the enemies shall die 56 Item hee that should ransome or taxe or otherwise misvse the people of the countrie except they should be enemies or rebels to the prince shal be greatly punished 57 Item he that shall play at any game for his armor weapons or horses which are written vpon the roll or through his negligence shall lose them or lend giue away or lay them to pawne let him die 58 Item he that goeth further then two hundreth steppes or paces from his quarter without licence of his captain specially when the campe looketh or staieth to be assaulted by the enemies except he should be sent for by his heades shal be punished with death 59 Item he that shall goe longer then the houre appointed in the night abroad in the campe wandring except hee should be sent by his superiours for a matter of weight from head captain to head captaine by a counter-token shall be cruelly punished 60 Item he that shall lodge strangers whether he be of the campe or not without licence of the generall or of his captaine either in his lodging or vnder a tent except he be of his chamber or squadron or by the captaine appointed for seruice forth of the campe shall be punished But euerie one ought to be in the night with their Camerads and chamber-fellowes and not to be deuided from their lodgings that occasion seruing they may be ready with their weapons in their handes neither ought they to lodge watch or scouts or of the search for that the spies hauing no lodging any excuse being found
of the one and the other ought to be taken vntill the same be performed or the pay past and then may discharge him as is said to shunne a greater scandale for to enter into vnquiet quarrelling and discord one equal with an other and with one that receiues the like stipend is not the part and qualitie of a subiect souldier but of a frée carelesse cutter and band buckleâ—… and of an insolent and importunate person whose nature doth argue in him that his doings tend to an other end then to become excellent in the honorable exercise of armes Pâ—…t the case that one of them should valiantly ouercome the other yet vnto the Captaine doth arise no other then want losse and euill satisfaction for when first he did receiue them into his seruice he did presume that they were both of them equally to be esteemed men of good credite and behamour and that for such they were conducted and receiued stipend So that quarelling and â—…illing one the other as often it fals out in resolute persons oâ—… putting him so a dishonour or open foile such a one doth not oâ—…ely depriue the Captaine of a souldier but also of himselfe likewise For the law of reason doth binde the Captaine not to maintain an importunate person a malefactour and an homecide in one band no lesse then a well ordered citie Considering it is requisite and conuenient his souldiers rather then to imploy themselues in such quarrels should indeuour and aduenture their bodies so ouerthrow and kill the enimie thereby to procure his owne proper praise and peculier profite Always prouided that the occasion of the wars be concluded and published to be lawfull and honest which easily in this respect doth remoue all difficulties whilest a man doth place himselfe in the seruice of a prince that is religious prudent and iust and that haue expresse and lawfull power to louie armes and not with those which are of small authoritie or tyrannous vsurpers of other mens states and wicked blood suckers Therefore when the Lieutenant cannot by his owne dealings supply these wants or pacifie and accord them in such causes he may remit the care thereof vnto his superior Captaine And thus let him haue speciall care that by his meanes no quarrels do grow neither that he suffer any faction or disceÌ„tion to take déepe roote for feare of banding and mutinies He ought to haue speciall respect that the Corporals and Sergeants be able duely to execute their office with due diligence for the better performance of seruice and personally aid them in setting the watch Likewise to the intent that the Sergeant persist not ignorantly or fall in any one point of his office it behooues the Lieutenant in many particular pointes to aid him both in respect of his owne credite and for the generall benefite of the whole band as in vsing diuers directions disciplines inueâ—…tions putting the band in order rancke square in accompanying them to the watch and in executing such like enterprises which commonly are to be performed So ought he likewise to delight himselfe extraordenarily besides the other necessarie parts of his office in taking view of the Corps de gard and the Sentinels of his proper companie to the intent they may remaine continually vigilant and redie and ech mans duetie duly executed the martial lawes read and examined and a solemne silence generally maintained He must obserue great affabilitie and fraternitie with the Alfierus and friendly consult with him specially if the Lieutenant doth not manage both the one and the other office as the Spaniards and other nations doe vse and might very well be vsed of vs if the Generall or Coronell thinke good 〈◊〉 for auoyding of emulation and charge of pay but if they 〈◊〉 particular officers and beare distinct sway in the hand then 〈◊〉 the Lieutenant be very carefull as he that is the chiefe to auoide all stomaking and strife that might arise â—…etwixt him the Alsierus for therby oftentimes great scandales haue faâ—…ne out and the diuision of the company a thing aboue all other to be carefully forséene and shunned He ought to vse a gracious iesture a curteous entertainment to all his souldiers countenance euerie one ioyfully and solicite their causes carefully towards the captaine the other officers as the treasurers pay-masters coÌ„missaries and such like yet euer by the captaines consent yea to the captain himselfe by whose friendly fauour inferiour officers may be relieued for their pay or other wantes Besides he ought to giue order and direction to all the company deuiding distributing the Squadres indifferently and discréetly to the intent the Corporals other officers may be obeyed that ech enterprise may be performed without reply or contradiction It is necessarie that he put in euerie Squadre an equal number of euery sort of armes and that ech weapon be sorted in a redinesse to the intent the in what place time soeuer occasion doth require euery one of them may to his great aduantage procéede and front the inuading enimie with a forceable strength Like wise it is good sometimes not to suffer a Squadre or rather a whole Corps de gard to consist of souldiers al of one countrie and nation but ought rather to be artificially mixed and to separate them thereby to auoid quarrell and generalitie of factions which by reason of their being togither may the rather arise amongst consorts of one natiue countrie that more commodiously then if they were separated The Captain being absent the Lieutenant possesseth the principall and chiefe place and ought to be obeyed as captaine Neuerthelesse in his presence it is requisite he vse a certaine brâ—…therly friendship and familiaritie towards al yet that notwithstanding he must proceede in al things with such modestie and grauitie as he may retaine such authoritie and reputation as the office he doth hold doth most worthily inuest him withall There ought to be in him a reasonable good knowledge and faâ—… in expressing his conceit and meaning sensiblie that the 〈◊〉 may vnderstand what they haue to do to the intent he may 〈◊〉 mâ—…re easily imprint in the heartes and mindes of his 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 all such things as he determines and that be necessarie for the better 〈◊〉 of his Prince and the benefite of his countrie and companie whereunto he ought to apply himselfe with all possible diligence since that of the Prince he is liberally paid hath his being of his countrie and is diligently obeyed of his band where he swayes his present office charge which is truely of great credite and no lesse commoditie Let him prouide himself of a horse to beare him to the intent he may be lustie and fresh in all enterprises and that he may continually take the view and diligently suruey the order which they are to kéepe in marching or in making Alta and at al other times besides in what enterprise soeuer He must take order that his baggage
merchandise he must yet further care to lodge his armie in such a place that as néere as is possible it may be an impediment to the enimies prouision or commodity He must ordaine that the footmen and horsemen of euery nation be placed diuided in such sort that by their orderly lodging the seat of the campe may be well garded easily and frankly defended Besides this it is necessarie to dispose and plant the Corps de gard and the bodie of the watch about the Camp in places most suspected and best for the purpose which in the day must consist of horsemen in the night of footmen to the intent the army may at all times remaine without feare of sodaine surprises or be assaulted vnprouided which thing as it is of maruellous molestation so sometimes it may be incrediblie preiudiciall When the strength and force of the souldiers and al the camp following are constrained to take armes and to put themselues in squadrons either in the day or night by occasion of the enimie or any other necessarie acccident that may happen The high marshall of the fielde ought diligently to prouide that the Artillerie the munition and the victuals be safely kept with their ordinarie appointed gard The like care ought he to haue that vpon any sodaine surprise Camisado or sally out of a besieged towne the gard about the campe and in the trenches be strengthened and renforced with a new supplie for the more saftie of the munition tents cabbens and other baggage and therefore the said gard ought at the first to be planted in places strong by nature or else fortified by art These things he must perfâ—…rme with a certaine diligent modestie thereby not to displease any person that either particularly or principally either is or hath bin inuested with the like charge as the Sergeant Maior the general of the Artillerie or the Lieutenant of the whole armie besides other priuate Collonels and Captaines c. which aduertisement I only giue by the way for that he may endeuour himselfe to please euerie one although the authority of his office doth expresly extend resolutely to command in things pertaining to the saftie of the field and campe Let him moreouer call continually to memory that the art of warre doth require a sharpe and exemplar manner and condition of chastisement therby to remaine the better obeyed the which thing is of principall great importance for since that in that place his Prince doth not only fight for the dearest thing he hath but also for the health of his proper person and all his subiects it behooues him to be readie and perfite in such causes Besides it is a most necessarie thing for him to note that there is gathered togither in the Armie great numbers of people of diuers customes of sundrie ages and of minde and disposition not alwayes correspondent Therefore he that through insolency wil not obserue the lawes of armes so important as nothing more in the honorable exercise of Militarie profession let him be constrained to obserue due obedience through horrour feare of punishment To the Marshal of the fielde it appertaines to take order euerie day soone after the Diana that the Conuoyes Ascoltes and safegards do appeare before and come to his lodging to receiue their Commission not only for the safegard and assurance of the merchants and victuallers which come and go from the campe but also as wel for the baggage of the footmen as the horsemeÌ„ who are of custome enforced to prouide both for forrage from time to time and for manie thinges necessarie for prouision for their horses other beasts cabbins things néedful to be vsed in the campe These connoyes safgards Ascoltes ought to be of horsemen and guided by a Captaine of great discretion experience When the armie shall remoue the high marshall must first giue order to the master of the Ordinance that he set forth the Artillerie with all the carriages munition c. then the master of the victuals and cariages afterwards He must after giue order to the Sergeant Maior in what sort he will haue the battell to march that day and to the scoutmaster which way he will send his vauntcurrours to discouer if all be cleare who must from time to time giue intelligence what occurrence he discouereth The high Marshall when he goeth to view the ground where he intendeth to incampe may by his authoritie take such number of horsmen as he shal think conuenient and then is he to consider that there be nigh at hand as I said before wood water and forrage enough for the Army and if he intend long to lodge in that place then must he make his campe the larger and prouidently consider that euery Regiment haue his conuenient place that the tents and cabbins be not pitched and made nigh the ring of the campe that there bée large places of assemblie within the campe that it be well intrenched and fortified for which respectes it is requisite that the Martial haue knowledge in Geometrie Arithmetike and that he haue in a readinesse sundrie plats models formes as partly I haue annexed hereunto whereby he may be able to resolue for any number or situation what forme or quantitie of Campe is most conuenient and presently stake it out assigning â—…ue place for euery Regiment of footmeÌ„ horsmen carriages Ordinance Munition euery particularitie as hereafter shal more plainly be declared For lodging of footmen especially in a running campe I haue partly in this chapter touched but for lodging of horsemen it is not amisse to imitate the Rutters who commonly alwayes lodge in such closes as they finde enuironed with trées or quicke set hedges and ditches placing their horses in due order round about the fielde two paces one from another with railes betwéene them leauing al the void ground in the middle for the Captaines tents cabbines for the horsemen So that in that sort in a field of two or thrée acres I haue séene a guydon of Rutters very well lodged commodiously with railes or poles betwéene their horses and bowes about them for the winde or heat some with hales ouer them to kéepe them from the raine their saddels bridels and al other their furniture hanging vpon poles readie by them neatly kept blacked their mangers also before them for all such necessaries the Ruiters carrie with theÌ„ in their wagons and carriages besides little whéele barrowes to carrie away their doung so that their campe is no lesse cleane orderly then a princes stable A faire stréete they alwayes leaue betwéene their owne cabbines their horses They haue certain troopes of their seruants whom they cal their knights and these troupes alwayes attend that so soone as the Marshall hath limited their quarters they depart immediatly to the next woods for poles bowes stakes and other necessaries to build their campe stables and cabbines other go for forrage that
he shall it is requisite that he make prouision that euery peece haue hys sufficient number of draught-Horses and Oxen apt to carry the same according to the nature of the Countrey with conuenient speede and great facilitie The sayd Horses or Oxen ought alwaies to haue men for the purpose to gouerne them who at all times in all places ought euerie one to lodge neere hys owne Péece day and night that they may alwayes be ready to do theyr office thereby to auoyde confusion that vnawares in such cases doe oftentimes fall when things be not well placed in order Likewise it is conuenient that euerie heauie Peece as the Cannon Culuerine Demiculuerine or DemicannoÌ„ haue a Gunner to attend thereupon and euery Gunner haue his Coadiutor or 〈◊〉 and they both a man to serue them and to ayde them to 〈◊〉 dischardge mounte wadde clense scoure and coole the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 they are ouerheated For which there must be alwayes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Uineger colde water c. Besides that euâ—…rie heauie Peece in some certayne respect must haue alone by himselfe a Master of the wood and a Smyth that together they may aptly supply the needfull force and strength for the weelding of so huge and heauie a Machine as is a Cannon It is necessary that hâ—… create a sufficient Corporal or Câ—…nstable ouer the Gunners who may take care and charge ouer them and that hee may maintayne and keepe order amongst them yea and continually ouerviewe examine and search the Instruments to charge to spâ—…nge make cleane the Peeces coole them with vineger and colde water and such lyke This Corporall or Cunstable must likewise looke to the lyfe and behauiour of the Gunners their gouernment and customes theyr committed and conuenient orders their obedience and actions and it is conuenient that he prayse and confirme the good dooings of them and reprehend and disprayse the euill vse of others making report thereof to his chiefe Captaine master for that he may readily by hys meanes who hath authoritie vse remedie agaynst such inconuenience as wold aryse the which sometimes is occasion of great disturbance and of errours of importance For the better performance of this great Officers seruice hée ought to be very curious and carefull for the safe-keeping of the Munition of powder which is allotted for the seruice of Artillary Musket and Hargabuziers and fyre works so lykewyse he must haue regard to the Bulletes to the Lead to the Match whether it be of Cotton Hempe or Flex to the Ladders the Iron worke the wood worke the Salt-peter the Coales and Brimstone For somtimes euery one of these things is caried by it selfe for more safty agaynst burning and artificiall fyres which are accustomed to be carryed for the seruyce of the armie and to furnish and suffice during the warres and therefore hee must take care that hee haue good prouision of Cartes or Wagons or some other sufficient meane apt to carry these Munitions and necessary preparations together with the whole quantity of Ropes of wood fitte and com modious to serue for the vse of hys office Of tables apt to make Bridges ouer ditches in all other places where the passage of the Artillarie or Armie is stauled And so consequently of many other things that be coÌ„mitted to hys gouernment to conduct since that the Ordenance with the impediments belonging thereunto be of greater trauayle and toyle then the rest of the Campe. To this Officer therefore appertaynes a Cunstable or Lieuetenant as I sayd before and certayne Clarkes in wages who are to haue regard vnto the foresayde causes and to attend vppon inferior matters rendering account of all their dooings to the Master of the Ordenance From time to time he must fore-see as I sayd before to prouyde that there remayne stuffe enough in store for all kind of necessaries belonging to the Artillarie as whéeles for Ordenance Axeltrees Ladles Spunges bullets chayne shot crosse barres corne powder serpentine powder Mattockes shouelles Crowes of yroâ—… hand Axes Engines for the mounting of Ordenance Graund Maundes or Gabions little hand basketes Ropes and all other Carte ware To haue the Gunners not only skilful in the ready managing of theyr peeces but also in the making of Trunckes Balles Arrowes and all other sortes of wylde fyre and fyre worke and for the continuall supply of them they ought to haue in a readinesse great store of Sulphure Saltpeter Rosine Calx viue Quicke peall Lintesede oile and coÌ„mon Lampe oyle Pitch Tarre Camfere Waxe Tutia Arsenicke Quick siluer and Aqua vite Hereof let him frame balles of fyre to burne in the water Cressets and Torches that stormes or windes canont extinguish murthering buullets to be shot out of great morter péeces and such lyke If any band in the Campe want Powder or Match or shot the Master of the Ordenance vpon request of the Captaine is to giue order that his Clarkes deliuer the same taking a bill of the Captaynes hand for theyr discharge The which bill must at the pay day bee deliuered to the Treasurer who is to stoppe so much vpon the pay of the Captaine and hys band Let him prouide that there be of whéele-wrights Carpenters Coopers Smithes Bowyers Fletchers Masons and such other skilful Artisans with all tooles and necessary néedfull to preserue repayre make all such thinges as to the Artillarie and munition appertaineth To him likewise it appertayneth to cast bridges ouer waters Riuers and Ditches for the commoditie of the army and consequently for that respect must take great care to carrie wyth hym men apt sufficient and fitte for that kinde of seruice as Shipwrightes Wagon-wrightes Makers of Cables and such as be practised in sayling to the intent that at time of neeede they may be the better able to performe any enterprise So likewise he must cause certaine boates or barks to be made somwhat massiue with fitte and apt peeces of plancks and boords in square forme for a bridge to be fastned and nayled vpon the said Barke in such sorte that being ioyned peece to péece with a great Rope or Cable thrust through and turned double through certain ringes of yron which are fastened vppon the extreame partes of the poyntes or corners of euerie peece of the bridge and for euerie peece foure Kinges one at euery corner which beeing prepared the bridge may be put together entyre and whole Upon that side the Riuer your Armie doth remayne where two stakes two pillers or two Trées stifly planted one ende of the bridge must bee tyed and accommodated with ropes of sufficient strength the which ende being already turned towards the fall of the Water and the other towards the running of the streame must afterwards be sette frée loose and thrust forth and disseuered from the bancke by certaine of the foresaid men practised in sayling who ought at due time cast Anckers into the Riuer which are of force to sustaine the bridge from béeing carried downe further then
his prefixed and limitted bonds of the other bancke by the violent course of the running of the water The which bounds marks ought to be fore-seene and the largenes of the Riuer artificially measured if the same be desired to be doone exactly that iustly at the same instant when néede doth require he may serue his turne neyther with more nor lesse number of barkes or boates then so manie as is necessary for the breadth of the Riuer for if there shoulde bee more or lesse there would arise great confusion or disturbance Thys arteficiall brydge is an instrument very much vsed amongst great Armies in the warres at these dayes as was manifest by the preparation of one made at Namures for Don Iohn of Austria and this figure following is the forme thereof It shall be sometimes good to plant Souldiours vppon this bridge who may be able to withstande and repulse the enemies vpon the other shore that they doo not displant the same but that you may be able to recouer the shore and sustaine the bridge The Anckers béeing cast and Cables ready to let at large it is necessarie to let the head of the bridge slyppe downe slackly and be disseuered from the banckside where it was ioyned together which you are determined to leaue and to aspect the running of the water carry the bridge to the otherside of the Riuer ayded by the industry of those men that be vpoÌ„ it to make the passage more easie The Armie béeing passed the Riuer the bridge being disseuered péece from péece drawne on lande the boords nayled to the boates euen as they bee must be layde vppon a broade Waine or Wagon made of purpose for the carriage of them after the Armie so shall the boate remaine with the bottome turned vp towardes the skyes and the boordes ioyned together lye flat vpon the wagon vnderneath readie for any other action Prouision of Horses and Oxen will easily conduct these Engines after the Campe whilst the boate and the boords be nailed together and layde vppon a carriage prepared of purpose for the same as before appeareth Hee must make meanes to haue a sufficient number of people and of apt proportion to make gard and watch about the Artillary munition arteficiall fire waines wagons other things necessary for the siege of the enemy with diuers other accidents the which people must goe with him continually day and night to kéepe good and perfect watch Besides this he must haue a band of Pyoners of conuenient and sufficient quantitie who ought to haue a carefull and vigilant Captayn that may alwayes guide them vnder an Ensigne that they may be the more vnited together and the better conducted and gouerned Hée must moreouer fore-sée that lykewise they be defended and assured from inuasion of the enemies with a good number of souldiours whilst they make the wayes euen and perfect where the impediments thereunto appertayning and all the Campe must passe The sayd Pyoners must be prouided oâ—… Spades Pickeares some with Leauers Crowes of Iron Baskets Whéele barrows and other Instruments apt to such vse and affayres â—…o plant Artillarie and to entrench the place in the Campe that shall be by the prouest Martiall assigned for Munition It shall be very conuenient if it were possible to pay theÌ„ their wages euery night for since they are not men of estimation and honour such as men of warre be and right souldiours they oftentimes wil depart without lycence at their own pleasure Neither haue they respect of incurring danger of punishment or hazarde of life no nor to bring great discommoditie to an Armie The which through the benefite of theyr worke is very well accommodate and strengthened in diuers respects not onely touchching the foresaid causes but also to make Trenches Gabions Mynes Ditches straight and crooked and all other platformes conuenient and necessary for the Armie The great Maister of the Artillarie must haue about him a Squadron which may be called the Gentlemen of the Artillarie Lanze spezzate or Caualiers of the Cannon such as I haue described in my seconde Booke to be of S. George his squadron in which booke they may reade speciall notes about their duties speciallie in the Chapters of discoueries These Caualieres euerie one hauing the ouersight of a Péece especially at a battery when they must see continually that the Gunners doe their duety I would wishe to be very sufficient personages to the intent they may be able to know how to execute the great Maisters ordinances in things necessary to be performed in so great actions and that particulerlie they desire to be accounted discréete and modest souldiours whose office is continually to sollicite and kéepe in order such men as be vndiscreet and rude Not onely the great Maister and his other Officers but also these worthy Caualieres ought to be of sufficient vnderstanding and experience to know howe to charge euery Péece and afterwardes be able to perceiue as néere as is possible what effects the shotte of euery Cannon will worke the shotte of euery Culuerine the demie of them both and likewise what euery Peece is able to performe to the intent he be not alwaies ouer-ruled by the iudgement of euery Gunner which his experience is both profitable to his Prince and commendable to his proper credite and reputation It is a speciall note for them to obserue that Wine Uineger be apt to coole and refresh the Artillarie when it is ouer hote through often shooting In these and such like matters hee must delight himselfe that he may be of perfect experience and be fullie prouided for all exployts that may fall and for any other notable respect worthy of great consideration Hée must take assured order that the Péeces of Artillarie be well planted vpon theyr cariages forceablie substantially and in respect of the performance of this seruice hee must carrie with him more then the ordinarie store of Spades Shouels Barrels Salt Spokes Plates Naues Axâ—…ltrées broad Nailes Spykings and other ordinarie yron worke that he may vpon a suddaine with the helpe of a Smith and Carpenter and other like Artificers which are appointed in cases of such néede yéeld a supply to all such things which shall be lost broken and destroied in a long voyage or els by many volles of shot Note that the great Maister ought to haue good vnderstanding and experience how to prepare with great aduantage with Gabions and Rampiers of earth or with wooll packs the place where the batterie must be planted to the intent the said batterie may take effect that the flankers and curtine may spéedily and with little charge be battered ruinate that all things may succéede according to his determination in as perfect order as is possible and that it may take away and make frustrate all the enemies defences bursting and displanting theyr Péeces tormenting them in as terrible sort as he can deuise procuring and alwaies fore-séeing that there
the Artillarie and of the diligent arte and infinite pollicies vsed of souldiours of valour the which is farre more then any witte of small practise can imagine since that he is not capable of any thing but that his simple iudgement doth behold And for thys respect besides a particuler profession in this art it behoues hym of necessity to be able to draw proportions That he haue knowledge in the art prospectiue in numbers in measure in making of Gabions in making of Lotte compounde simple to nayle them dispearse and sowe them to compounde Fagote of good boughes to know how to ioyne and mayle with wood these kynde of workes to dispearse and distribute the earth with sufficiency and that it be well deuided or sifted amongst the Fagots and cliftes to the ende that they may be easyly endomaged with fyre and thereby to make them stedfast To beate well downe and fasten the labour with maules of wood to giue reasonable and easie issue to the course of water that might chaunce to make corruption and to make cloach large and walled and not otherwise for that by meanes of water such lyke workes are accustomed to receiue great ruines and hinderance And it is necessary moreouer for him to knowe howe with due measures to forme Bulwarkes Caualieres Platformes straight and crooked Casemates Couers Canoneres Merlones Curtines Scarpes false Portes secrete issues for footemen and horse men Counterditches Ditches Sholders and Counterscarpes and he must beware that in hys parapettes he make no windows nor loope holes neyther small nor great to the intent they be not choked neyther strooken by leuill nor displanted of the Enimye with hys Artillarie But he must prouyde that the sayd Parapettes be so placed that very commodiously the Artillarie the Muskets the Hargabuziers and all other sortes of offensiue weapons may play and trouble the Enimy without being as is afforesayde manifestly disturbed and displanted by the enimy Touching the entryes or Gates which bee made to enter into Fortresses they ought to bee made in the midst of the Curtine or rather neere adioyning to the flanke of the Bulwarke with a bridge of wood to the intent that in time of siege the same may be cut downe or burnt The Porte ought to be so lowe that being on the Counterscarpe without the same remayne discouerd It is requisite also that at the entrie of the sayd Porte there be a safe place for diuers respects and specially to keepe assured the Souldiours Armes In the bottome of the Merlone or rather néere adioyning to the flancke of the Bulwarke an issue must be made which may serue for the Souldiours whilst the batterie is in making to issue foorth to the intent also they may defende the Dytch and take away the ruines of the batterie because they would hinder the Cannoniers and be a meanes that the enemie myght approch the néerer There be many which require that the Curtines shold compasse or be bended inward towardes the Fortresse with a platforme eyther within or without or a Caualiere vpon the brinke of the sayd Curtine They alledge for theyr reason that the enemy thereby is much more endomaged and that his battery is more crooked and therefore procures lesse danger to the Fortresse then if it were straight But I am of an opinion that if a man worke in that sort the bulwarks cannot haue theyr ample places and thicke sholders to be able to sustaine the blowes of the Artillarie and euen so it should be likewise difficile to make retraites Therefore I thinke it is not good to haue the Curtines folded compasse wise or crooked if the situation of the place doo not require the same But I would rather they should be straight from one Bulwarke to another And furthermore it were good that they were of such length that not only the great Cannons of the first place but also the smal Peeces may clense the front of the Bulwarke Some perchance wil affirme that the Curtyne being short the great Cannons would become hurtfull to the Bulwarks of the Fortresse For aunswere whereof I say That in the first place when the enimie doth assault the Forte the great Cannons ought not to bee charged with bullets for defence of the sayd Forte but rather filde with peeces of yron or of some other Mettall or with stones or chaynes for these thinges worke a marueilous effect against the assaults and Escalades which the Enimie doth giue To shoote bullets in great Cannons were good when the Ditch is full of Rockes and heapes of stones for the sayd Bullet striking amidst the sayd he apes of stones dispearsing sparkeling them will make a great slaughter of those which giue the assault Bullets in the great Cannons be good also to break the Trenches and Engines which the enimies make within the Dith Moreouer the length of the Curtine beeing correspondent to the carying of the small Peeces is cause that the shot of the sayde Peeces becomes the dispatch and mortalitie of the Enimies and the defence and sustentation of the Fortresse for almost against all Fortresses the Enimie worketh vnder the Curtine with Trenches in cutting through the Counterscarpe or rather by filling of yâ— ditch thereby the more commodiously to cut the sayde Curtine or Bulwarke and so make steppes or degrees to ascende to giue assault to the Fortresse as I sawe performed at the siege of Limbourgh the head Citty of that Dutchie where the Prince of Parma being Lieueteâ—…ant of the Armie in Don Iohn d'austria hys absence betwixt the batterie and the breach in bottome of the dry Ditch certaine close couerts were made from whence the Souldiers might ascend vp to giue the assault by certayne steppes cut out of the hyll and Bulwarke it selfe by which the towne was entred although in ende it yeelded It is profitable to haue water in the ditch when a Fortresse is situate in such a place that it borders vppon diuers Enimies for water brings with it this comodity that vnawares in the night it cannot be assaulted by Escalade Water likewise is profitable to small Fortresses wherein there is not such great numbers of people as one may be able to make issue for the defence thereof But for a great Fortresse where it is necessary to make sallies it is requisite the ditch be dry for that in the same a man hath space to make retraites and is farre more commodious to make issues and sallies to defende the sayd Ditch specially if the bancke descending from the Curtine bee cutte rounde with couert and close Trenches euen with the Counterscarpe as was about the dry Ditch of Louayne vnder the gouernment of my Collonell the Baron of Cheuerau when we did dayly attend the siege of 60000. men in Campe by Machlin guided by Casamire and the Counte Bossu 1578. Lyke wise a Ditch being dry one may comodiously take away the ruines which the Enimyes make with theyr batteries to the intent the sayde ruines doe not
whatsoeuer but that he must gaine the same by a long siege Fyrst he must with al dilligence and good counsaile oftentimes discouer and view the situation of the place and choose the seate where hee may Encampe and lodge his Souldiours Aboue all things he must beware that he plant himselfe in such a place as that the ayre become not corrupted taking for example Mounsieur de Lawâ—…rec at the siege of Naples who by his occasion besides the ouerthrowe of his enterprise lost both all hys Armie and his owne lyfe with the ruine of a great part of the Nobility of Fraunce That he choose likewise a place that is proper for his purpose through the commoditie of wood and water and other necessary things for mans sustenaunce and couert and safe from danger of the enemies Artillary as much as is possible If the place that hée dooth besiege be great and furnished with great number of Footemen and Horsemen which be able to make sallies and come to skyrmish he must incontinently take order that hys Campe bee fortifyed in such sort as he shall thinke most conuenient to fronte the force of the enemie Thys doone he must take from the enemies all the commodities he can as water and all other things which may yéeld them sustenaunce or reliefe and to reduse them to the greatest necessity he can Moreouer it hath béene séene by experience that to deuide an Armie and to make it ouerweake when it is neere a Cittie is a very dangerous thing principally when there is great force of braue and valiant Souldiours within the Towne As fell out at the siege of Florence where two Chiefes were elected the one on thys side the Riuer Arno towards the North which were the Almaines and the other towards the South where was the person of the Generall with the greatest force of the Armie Florence therefore to deliuer it selfe from such continuall toyle did sallie out by night and assault the Almaine Armie with such furie that had there not béen great disorder amongst the assailants the Almaine Armie had entirely béene ouerthrowne and Florence had béen deliuered from siege on that side Wherefore I thinke the most assured and the easiest way is to enclose and restraine the besieged Towne by means of Forts as was practised in the warres at Mirandell and Sienna Uisite dilligently all the waies and passages by the which succours may be giuen to the Towne besieged At euery such place you ought to make a Forte and to approoch so néere as with foure Forts or more you may enuiron all the Cittie I woulde not haue these Forts for that they be litle to be feeble neither that they should be situate in such a place but that they might ayde one another The forme which I would wish them to be of I haue héere sette foorth Afterwardes with the rest of his Armie he must plant him selfe in such a place as from thence at time of neede he may succour his Forts or at the least with one part thereof hauing fyrst sounded the force of the enemie then taking the Artillary which he shall thinke most necessary hee shall endeuour himselfe to become the Maister of the Countrey round about him specially of such places as he is able to force Héereby he may reape great coÌ„modity as well by victualles wherby he may nourish his Armie as that thereby hee shall take away from the besieged all hope of succour and likewise by that meanes cause his Armie to be feared so that the Countrey eyther through loue or feare shall neyther take occasion to rebell or yéeld him any resistance What is to be obserued when any Cittie or Fortresse is able to be expugned by battery c. to approach and besiege the same â—… Presently haue declared howe much it importeth to choose for encamping a plotte of ground commodious healthfull and assured now I will speake of the order which is to be vsed and necessary to be obserued when a Generall supposeth himselfe able to gayne a Fortresse or Cittie by maine force of Armes Fyrst the Marshall of the fielde must goe with practised souldiours and of tryed experience in the warres well accompanied to the intent they may safely viewe and consider the circuite and situation of the Towne and to sée vpon what side Trenches may be made for the planting of the Artillarie Aboue all he must be careful and prouident that the earth be of such nature and qualitie that it will receiue the Spade Pickaxe and be apt to make Trenches in and other necessary thinges to couer themselues against the enemie To thinke that a man may perfectly discouer view a Towne or Fortresse eyther in the day or in the nyght it is impossible for in the day the enemie will not giue a man leaue or leysure at leastwise if they be men of courage In the night one cannot directly and thorowly neyther discouer the flankes Bulwarks and Ditches neither behold many particularities which be necessary to him which will aptly in good order prepare himselfe to make an assault But the same discouery may be well and commodiously doone when the Trenches shall be made the which may bring him euen to the Ditches There the Generall himselfe may at his ease behold and discerne all that he desires to know Touching the manner and fashion to make the Trenches although there be diuers opinions neuerthelesse for the greater satis-faction of the Reader I haue drawne out diuers fashions which séeme to be most commodious most sure and most easie as in the sundry portratures of thys Booke dooth appeare But aboue all he must prouide that in the Trenches there be places to plant the bodie of the watch assured and in such sort as they may be able to giue succoure one to another Likewise there ought to be issues or passages to goe out of them as you may behold by thys figure Thys doone you must choose a place to plant your Artillarie with Gabions Wooll-packs and other Engines proper to those affayres and carefully take order and foresee that the Maister Gunner and Cunstable of the Artillarie and other inferiour Officers haue experience and good knowledge herein Accomodate thicke boardes or tymber close together where the battery is planted for the Artillarie to run vpon and foresee that those planckes yeelde a certaine fall and discending to towards the Cannones to the intent that after they bee recueled they may be the more easily brought againe into theyr places By this meanes the péeces shall remaine assured from running and sincking into the grounde in wette and rainie weather Diuers are of opinion that the Artillarie ought not to bee planted any further distance of from the Fortresse more then one hundred and fyftie pases if the situation of the grounde will permitte I will omitte to speake of the qualitie of the Artillarie Onely I say that according to the vse in this age the Cannons ought to bee of thréescore renforced in
Counterscarpe such a conuenient enclyning as for 5. or 6. foote 1. foote to the intent it may be strong repulse the matter wherwith the Counterscarpe is to be filled And for the the Counterscarpe is one of the most principal parts of the ditch I will finally dilate somewhat therof therby to make manifest the faults of Counterscarps now in vse Untill thys present day this part and member of the Fortresse hath béene made small account of although it be one of the principal and the which is as necessary to be valiantly defended as any other part of the Fort being the first which is assaulted and possest by the Enemy The negligence and sioth vsed héerein falles out as I take it eyther in respect of dispising the same or through the couetousnesse of the owners which eyther thinking the same not commodious for defence or for feare of disbursing ouermuch money in making it substantially neglect the same But before I passe any further I think it necessary to set downe which are the most defencible and principall parts of thys warlike Architecture The whole body of thys worke is compounded of diuers members being vnited together for the particuler seruice and defence one of another euen as the members of a well proportioned man Those parts which by the Architectes are named principall be first the Flancks within the which are made certain Cannonlers which doo view and beholde the circute round about the Fortresse Secondly the sholders which doo hide couer the flanks and defend them from being ruinated and displanted by the Enemie Thirdly the Ditch which enuironeth all the Fortresse bringing safety against suddaine Surprises Camisades Escalades c. The fourth and last is the Counterscarpe which serues for a Bulwarke and bancke to couer the Ditch These things considered the Enemy to expugne such a Fortresse doth procéede by degrées not daring to bring theyr Souldiours to the butchery by a desperate assault at the first and therefore they seeke to inuade and occupie the Counterscarpe whereupon the Enemy not hauing made his approches before hand and entrâ—…nched vppon the same can performe nothing to the purpose for by lodging farre from the Ditch they are not able to discouer and endomage any of these foresaid defences by reaâ—…on of the impediment which the height of the Counterscarpe yéeldes the which before they are able to possesse being duly made oftentimes whilst the approches are in making there doth ensue the death of manie valiant and worthy persons the which are continually stayne by the succours which the other defences that be in the body of the Fortresse doo giue vnto the Counterscarpe The manner which at this day is vsed of the Assaylants wheÌ„ they possesse the Counterscarpe to make it serue their turne is thus First they do pearse and breake the Counterscarpe euen vnto the bottom and to the brincke of the water to the intent that by this way they may haue means to batter the Forte of the wal about the Fortresse with certayne Péeces which are conueyed through the Trenches vnto that place the which shall not be able to suffer any domage by the defences of the Fortresse in so much as the sides of these opening serue for sholders and couers to those within the Trenche This Trench doth likewise bring an other comoditie which is that the entrie into the Ditch therby shall be more easie and lesse painefull for the souldiours then from the height of the Counterscarpe And although this pollicie doth not serue to any great purpose by reason it is impossible in any small time to make such way in the Counterscarpe that comodiously it maybe capable therin to plant sufficient nuÌ„ber of Péeces to make a coÌ„uenient breach therby in the end to giue assault neuerthelesse it is good to inuent some meanes to hinder and delay the enemy from lodging there so speedily as they are accustomed To accomplish the which it is not the way to make the Counscarpe with the earth of the Ditch mixing among the same one bed of Faggots an other of earth and so from rancke to rancke to rayse it vp neither with logs of wood and great piles of Timberâ—… these thinges being matter that in time corrupts and wastes away not being indurable touching which point I would wish the wise Ingeniour to considerâ—… that the meane to ruinate the Bulwarke of a Fortresse and to pearse a Counterscarpe is not all one for the one is cut down and mined by the many hundreth hands force of men and the other ruinated by the blowes of the Cannon earth being proper to resist the furie of Artillarie where it is not able to ayde agaynst the handie worke of man as by experience is daylie prooued that a man will make a greater hole and opening in any masse of earth in two howres then a CannoÌ„ in foure The cause is that a man by his industrie doth mine the earth and doth displace the foundation therof and so makes it to disseuer and dismember but the blow of the Artillarie dooth but only pearse it and makes a hole according to the bignes of the Bullet leauing the masse of the earth entyre and whole These reasons receiued we may conclude that all soft matter which doth suffer it selfe easily to be managed by the Pyoners and which doth carry a bodie able to sustaine it selfe gyuing by thys meanes leysure and time to the enemy to bee able to execute his enterprise as by the nature of the earth doth appeare such matters I say bee not able to serue for the conseruation of the Counterscarpe Being desirous therefore to exempt and make it frée from the daungers which the enemie dooth ordinarily vse by reason he findes it comodious And beeing willing to haue it firme and stable and that the more older it growes the more stronge it shall wexe and that when the enemy woulde pearse the same hauing wonne it that he shall suffer infinite paynes and trauails to entrench That the matter raysed vp for his Trench in place of defending and sauing his Souldiours shall become theyr hurte and distruction being battered and dispearsed with those bulletes which come from the Fortresse It is necessary to compound and fill the same with hard and solide matter the which in tract of time may incorporaâ—… and be redused into a hard and difficile body scarce able to be dismembred That the enemy assaying to breake it it may crumble and fall in to small péeces and powder the which shall come to passe if all these matters following be mixed together as all broken péeces of stones that matter which is found in the ruine of the walles all rubbish sheards of pottes Tiles Brick battes olde Morter c. and all the fragments of stones as well harde as softe and so accommodating and filling the voyde holes with Morter and other stuffe that is hard as Flint Pible stones drosse of Smithes c. ioining one within another by the choise
and difference of the matter and powdered with grauell rubbish dust c. and left to the iniurie of the watrie heauens a certayne time the matter cannot continue so entyre but that the worke beeing eaten into by the falling showers of rayne and dissolued with frost and heat will intermixe and so incorporate together that it will be impossible to be seperated without great labour By these obseruations and the direction of Geometricall proportions this new kind of fortefication may be brought to great perfection The proportion of the Fortresse which may be deuided into 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. or more Bulwarks at the Ingeniours discretion Forme of the Canonieres The Diametre of 5. Bulwarkes is 360. fadome of 6. 439. of 7. 518. of 8. 597. of 9. 676. of 10. 755. which beeing enuyroned with thrée circles one within another distant 36. fadome eache from other and that of 5. Bulwarkes deuided into 10. equall partes that of 6. into 12. 7. into 14. 8. into 16. 9. into 18. 10. into 20. the 1. 3. 5. 7. 9. c. is the angle of the Bulwarke the 2. 4. 6. 8. 10. the corner of the innerward bending of the Curtine the first circle allots out the Canonieres and poynts of the Sholders the 2. the angles of the Bulwarkes the 3. the angles or poyntes of the Countergarde and so procéeding Geometrically bring the Bulwarkes sholders Curtines dry ditch Countergarde wet Ditch and Counterscarpe in lyke forme to this forefaâ—…d Figure THE SIXT BOOKE OF MILITARIE DIRECTIONS INTREATING OF the office of the high Treasurer the Master of the victualles and Purueyour of the muster Master of the warlike Counsellours and of the generall Captayne or Lieuetenant of an Armie c. And first Of the office of the high Treasurer THE office of the high Treasurer is of great reputation and hath committed to his charge the payment of the Collonelles Captaynes and all other Officers He ought in the beginning to receiue from the Generall the true number both of horsemen and footemen within the Campe or Army by perfect compunction to make a booke how much is due euery month to euery Collonell Captayne and other officers aswell for themselues as their bandes The Treasurer ought to make his proportion of paye well known to the General wherby the Generall may accordingly make prouision that money be not wanting to pay the Souldiours He ought in like sorte to make allowance wheâ—… néede shall be to the Master of the Ordenance for supplying his store of Municion as he shal sée cause by reason of consuming the old or any important seruice to be done Hee must conferre with the muster Master to sée howe the handeâ—… be furnished what Souldiours be slayne when and howe many and how and when supplyed deliuering pay to euery Collonell or Captayne accordingly kéeping theyr warrants or notes of their handes for his discharge At the pay day he must conferre with the master of the Ordenance to se whether he haâ—…e any bils from the Captaines or Col lonels for any powder or other Municion receiued and to deduct so much in theyr wages Greatly may this Officer be ayded by Arithmaticke without the which it shall be an extreame toyle to make true compunctioÌ„ of such varietie of payments or before hande to preconiecture of all sortes of prouision and Municion what shall bee necessary but by ayde of that art the most difficult doubts that can therein aryse shall with facilitie be resolued and dispatched This Officer ought also to be a man of great wisedome and well experienced in Militarie affayres because he is vsed in Counsell where he is to speake his opinion in all exployts of importaunce although they concerne not directly his office The office of the Master of the victualles and Purueyour THe master of the victuals séemeth to be an Officer altogether dependant on the Treasurer hauing nothing else to doe but to prouide take charge of the prouision in the Campe and as corne or other victualles shall growe scant to make the Treasurer priuie that order may bee taken for further supply either by money or sending fóorth the forrage Master â—…o take it by force And against the pay day he must bring in hys booke of accounts to the Treasurer and there receiue allowance acordingly The Purueyours â—…ath is to be true and iust in his office and not to be flacke any time in procuring in his office good fitte and wholesome victualles as well for those Souldiours in extraordinarie as for those which are in ordinarie seruice prest Not to wearie or driue away from the victualling of the Campe any victualler by giuing him a more or lesse suÌ„me then he is worthy to procure as many to serue the Campe with good victualles as hée can both in gyuing them good fayre language as also now and then to giue them some péece of money to encourage the sayd victuallers to take paynes with the like And that he shall with dilligence faithfully shun all thinges that shall any wayes bee vnprofitable vnto the Prince and his Souldiours And to deuise as farre as his witte and iudgement wil serue him to profite his Lord and Master and his Souldiors aswell for wholesome victualles béere wine for their bodies as for good sweet wholsome meat for theyr horses aswell for such as serue in the fielde as such that trauell and worke in the wagoÌ„ Cart or otherwise which followe for the reliefe of the Campe and that of al these dooings he kéepe a true and perfect booke of accounts and recconings for the Treasurer when and as often as it shall please him to call for it that the high Marshall the rest of the Councell and the Generall may be priuie to it to make tryall of his dealings The office of the Muster Master THe Muster master also may be accouÌ„ted an Officer as it were dependant on the Treasurer for that his duty is nothing else but by often reuiewing of the bands to sée how euery Captaines bande is furnished noting the defaults from time to time and the supplies and therof to make a perfect booke exhibiting the same at the paye day to the Treasurer that allowance may bee made to the Collonels and Captaines accordingly When he first takes the viewe and Muster of any band he must not only write down the name of the Souldiour and his weapon but also of what Countrie he is the townes name where hee was borne and hys Fathers name and what yéeres hee is of and finally shall take speciall care to set downe some speciall marke or cicatricâ—… vppon his face together with the collour of his haire and beard To the intent his Prince bee not charged with paying of dead payes to such as be hyred but for that day as many Captaines vse to fill theyr Purses with vnlawfull gaynes The office of the Master of the intelligences THe Master of the intelligences must receiue his office oath secretly at the
of Armies as also that due order in Camps may be maintained let him therfore imitate the auncient Romans the very Maisters of the arte of war who neuer coueted other then y◠plaine to campe vpon entrenching thēselues nightly in as strong sure manner as if the enemy had encamped by them and that euen in places vtterly voide of all suspition to make these millitary trauails familiar vnto them and to auoide those idle or rather dissolute effrenate pastimes that our Christian Campes are bewitched withal to the vtter ruine of all good Millitary discipline and confusion of our Armies In a running Campe the readiest fortification is to impale it round with the cariages chayned together the sides of the carriages and horses shaded with thin boords with certain quires of paper betwixt cunningly compacted together which being accommodated to make sides bottoms and doores to the Carts carriages will serue wonderfully to empale an Army to make approches or to holde out Caliuer Musket shot Then let them bend the Artillary that waie where most suspicion is the enemy shall approch and if time wil permit to cast some Trench also without the carriages against Artillarie He must kéepe his souldiours in continuall millitary exercise and by fained allarmes to sée in what readines his bands would be if necessitie required to shew them all maner of waies how the enemie may attempt them discouering also to thē the remedy and howe they are to aunswer to those attempts for no man is borne a Souldiour but by exercise and trayning it is attained and by discontinuance againe it is lost as all other Artes and Sciences be In setling of a Campe beside the commodities of wood water and forrage the Generall must also cōsider how victuals may safely come vnto him and to leaue no Castles at his back to anoy them but that he séeke to possesse them ere he march forward for great is the anoyance that a little pyle at the back of an Army may doo as wel against forragers straglers as to cut off victuals from the Campe. The Generall is also by good plots to consider the situation of the Country how both fréend and enemy Townes lie from the Campe the hyls and vallies waies straits passages lakes riuers bridges their number quantity distance and euery particularity which may be doone by conference with his Discouerers-Guides Espyals other persons that know the Country conferring their assertions with his plots And so to consider whether the enemy may conueniently cut off his victuals or by Ambush anoy him in his march and for preuention therof to send abroad Light-horsemen Hargabuzers to garde the passages towards the enemies Garisons Before the Armie discampe all passages and waies for the souldiours and Artillary c. to passe should be discouered and skilful men appointed to lead them He ought not to suffer any band to march scattered but in battails order or at least in straits narrow passages inforce to drawe them forth in Herses and so soone as place serueth to reduce them again into the order of battaile and this is to be vsed in places of security for exercise as in places of suspect for safetie He ought to haue with him good Guides that perfecty know all passages hilles vallies c. for of the Country in generallitie the Generall himselfe ought perfectly to be informed by Plots Models wherby he shal the better conceiue any information that shal be brought him by espiall If the General haue sundry Nations vnder his gouernment it is not méete to gyue alwaies to any one Nation the Uaward considering the same being in marching towards the enemy the place of greatest honour the others will much repine against it and not without good cause The order therfore in marching should so be framed that euery Nation haue his turne without partial fauor to any one And if the number be great of any one Mercinary Nation it is not amisse to deuide thē both in marching imbattelling for sundry respects which in thys place I omit to show If any strait be kept by the enemie it is not méet first to charge them vpon the very front but to send Light-horsmen shot to skyrmish with them on either flancke and then wyth Targets of proofe to enter vpon them The Generall shold before he bring his Souldiours to deale with the enemy first in some champion place cause them to be ranged in forme of battaile making of his footmen sundry Battillions of these Battillions sundry Fronts to deuide his Horsemen also into sundry Troupes placing the men at Armes Demilances Light horsemen and Argoleteares euery Fort in seueral Troupes by themselues to cause the forlorne to issue out and skirmish thē before the Battillions as if the enemy were indéed present and vpon a signe giuen suddainly to retire The horsmen to charge and returne again to their place vpon their retire to cause certain sleues of pykes and light Armed to run out to their reskew as though the enemy did pursue them Then the Battillions of the first front to march forward bend their pikes and suddainly after the sound of the retrait to retire themselues orderly betwéen the Battillions of the second front then the second front to march forward and bend their pikes and the other that first retired to make head again vpon the enemy Last of all the Light-horsmen and light Armed footmen again to breake forth as it were to doo execution vpon the enemy fléeing which forme of trayning doth aunswer Ma. Digs his proportion of imbattelling These things if in pastime the souldiours be able orderly to performe there is good hope they wil honorably put it in execution vpon the enemy Otherwise to bring them without trayning to deale with the enemy is nothing els but to leade them to the butcherie As there is nothing more perrillous in giuing of battaile then to lay before the souldiours eyes any place of refuge to flée vnto but that the Generall should declare vnto them that there is no hope to escape but only by victory and heerin to imitate Hanniball so there is nothing more dangerous then to giue the enemy battaile in such a place where in troth hee hath no refuge or possibility to escape for that necessity maketh men desperate it vniteth them together it hath often béen séene that very small cōpanies by such like occasions beeing reduced to desperation thereupon resoluing to sell their liues déerely haue contrary to all expectation attained victory vpon their enemies in number farre greater The General must haue special care that the souldiours haue not in their faces the dust to blind them the wind to disturbe them or the sun beames to anoy them before they enter into any maine encounter the which impediments not only altogether but each one by him selfe alone doth bring great toile trouble and disaduantage Neyther let him lead his souldiours to performe any enterprise of
Tunne Barrell Summa 760. Tunn in Hogshead Barrell By these proportions of Beere is considered for Wood and coale thrée score sixtéene pound ten pence Repration of the appurtenaunces and the waste of the Caske C l. ij s. iiij d' ob For mayntenaunce of ii Clarkes iiii Brewers one Mylller ii Cooperes and iiii Labourers one hundred Lii pound i. s. viii d' Mayntenance of Horse to the Mylles and Cartes for cariage of prouision beside yéeste and graynes Liiij pound ix s. vij d' ob So haue yée for mayntenaunce of the saide charge thrée hundereth foure score two pound fourtéene shillings six pence founde in the rate and price of Béere And more by the petty victuallers for carriage of Béere at xvj d' the Tunne vsed of custome L. pound xiij shillings x d' Summa for maintenance of the Brew-houses and the appurtenances as appeareth foure hundreth xxxiij l. viij s. iiij d' And there appeareth also by the sayde proportions wheate store of Corne and Hoppes will serue the same as followeth In Mault for double Béere at ten bushelles the Tunnne six hundereth thrée score and ten quarters two bushelles and a halfe allowance for waste xxviij quarters a halfe In Mault for strong béere at two quarters the Tunne vi hundereth viij quarters two bushelles and a halfe allowance for waste xxx quarters iij bushels Summa in Mault 1237. quarters and a halfe In Wheat to both proportions as appeareth 133. quarters and halfe a bushell In Oates Lxvi quarters foure bushelles In Hops fiue thousand foure hundreth two quarters xi pound beside the weight of the Hoppe sackes And not withstanding this proportion of Mault Wheat and Hoppes will serue the like Garrison yet considering the place the prouision to bee yéerely in Mault two thousand quarters In Wheat for Béere two hundred fyftie quarters In Oates one hundred and fifty quarters And in good Hoppes eight thousand weight In Cole as a continuall store euery thrée monthes to be renued two hundreth Chadron Spare stones to the Horse myls Double furniture of necessaries for the Brew houses horse myls and Garnars Double furniture of necessaries for the horse and Carts To haue in store of good Caske seruiceable for beere beside that is daily occupyed one hundred Tunne In good Clapboord two great hundred In Wainescots two hundred In Spruce deales two hundred In seasoned Tunstaues two hundred In hoopes as a continuall store to be renued 30. or 40000. In good yron foure Tunne Although some of these are of smal value yet are they not to be spared nor easily to be had in time of seruice and therefore to bee considered All such prouision with Brewe house Bake house and Grayners I haue seene in the Pallace at Barwicke the fift yeere of King Edward the sixt I then hauing the charge of two hundred Pyonars in the fortification there For prouision I count good Maulte may be bought in Cambridgshire such part of Norfolke where the Maulte is very good and in Lincolnshyre for seauen yeeres together by former bargaines for readie money at sixe shyllings and eyght pence the quarter As for Wheate for thys charge is to be had in all places and Oates also Course wheate will serue for Béere so that the best be reserued for bread And wheate that hath taken heate in the carriage not béeing wette with salt water will serue for thys charge to be occupied with other that is good I rate the charges of prouision freight waste and all other except casualtie of the Enemy at iij. s. iiij d' the quarter as before in the charge of the Bakehouse so that Mault may be deliuered at Barwicke cleere of all charges one time with another at ten shillings the quarter There appeareth to be allowed by the Brewer for euery quarter of Mault xiij s. iiij d' and for euery quarter of Wheate xx s. cléere of all charges and waste after the deliuery thereof from aboorde the shyps at Barwick except casualtie of the Enemy being imployed for Béere deliuered in seruice And by the order of prouision the freight waste and all other charges cléered to be profit in euery quarter of Mault and wheat imployed as before except casualtie of the Enemy shipwracke iij. s. iiij d' Sum ij C. xxviij l. viij s. iiij d' As I haue declared great difference in the goodnes of Wheate so is there in Mault much more for the common Mault of Norfolke is not to be compared to good Maulte by foure quarters in euery xx quarters And Mault that is full of wyeuels and wood dryed Mault will make vnsauery drinke to those that are vsed to drink Béere or Ale made with straw dryed Mault yet in time of great seruice both Norfolke Maulte and wood dryed Maulte will serue with other good Maulte and make good drinke also to serue the time Thus for causes of seruice of Bread and Béere I haue sufficiently prooued in these few lynes declared and the charges of the same in all poynts considered adding thereunto a proportion for the rest of the victualing of such a Garison Prouision of Beefe by proportion THat is to say the whole Garison by this order will spende in Béefe xij C. weight a day for j. C. dayes iij. C. Oxen contayning iiij C. weight euery Oxe And for the sayd seruice there they may be bought in Yorkshyre Darbishire Lankeshire the Bishoprick of Durham and deliuered at Barwick aliue cleere of all charges for thrée pound euery Oxe those that are good fat and so large that the carkas dóo wey euery quarter round fiftéene stone at viij l. the stone the one with the other whereof to be allowed for the hyde offall and tallow xv shillings And so of all other Oxen after the rate the fourth part the same did cost aliue either of small or great Hauing licence to transport the hydes ouer sea to be sold to most aduauntage and rating allowance for looking to the Pastures for killing dresâ—…ing and cutting out of euery such Oxe xxiij d' and yet remaineth profit in the Oxe by thys order sixe shyllings eyght pence a peece Sum for the whole proportion â—… C. pound Prouision of Mutton by proportion IN Mutton also for fiftie daies xij C. weyght a day rating the carkas of a shéepe about xlv pounde the one with the other that is thirtie shéepe a day in all xv C. shéepe Such sheepe beeing â—…at and good are to be bought in Lincolnshire Yorkshire and Dâ—…rbishire and deliuered at Barwick aliue for vj. s. viij pence a sheepe cleere of all charges whereof to be allowed xx â—… for the skin 〈◊〉 and tallowe Hauing licence to transport the felles to be sold as before to most aduauntage and rating allowance for looking to the pastures kylling and dressing of euery such shéepe â—…oure pence and yet remaineth profit in euery of the like sheepe sixteene pence Sum for the whole proportion j. C. l. Prouision of Porke by Proportion IN Porke also for thirty two dayes xv