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Word A Word B Word C Word D Occurrence Frequency Band MI MI Band Prominent
cause_n great_a love_n love_v 4,041 5 6.5654 4 true
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A30141 The doctrine of the law and grace unfolded, or, A discourse touching the law and grace the nature of the one and the nature of the other, shewing what they are as they are the two covenants ... wherein for the better understanding of the reader there is several questions answered touching the law and grace ... : also several titles set over the several truths contained in this book, for thy sooner finding of them, which are those following the epistle / published by that poor and contemptible creature, John Bunyan of Bedford. Bunyan, John, 1628-1688. 1685 (1685) Wing B5515; ESTC R34390 174,865 361

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and_o put_v such_o strength_n into_o they_o that_o i_o be_v overmastered_n by_o they_o by_o the_o guilt_n of_o they_o sin_n revive_v by_o the_o commandment_n or_o my_o sin_n have_v mighty_a strength_n life_n and_o abundance_n of_o force_n upon_o i_o because_o of_o that_o insomuch_o that_o it_o kill_v i_o mat._n 5._o 28._o second_o it_o show_v that_o every_o such_o sin_n deserve_v eternal_a damnation_n friend_n i_o doubt_v there_o be_v but_o few_o of_o you_o that_o have_v see_v the_o spirituality_n of_o the_o law_n of_o work_n but_o this_o be_v one_o thing_n in_o which_o it_o discover_v
righteousness_n of_o faith_n that_o be_v by_o believe_v in_o jesus_n christ_n can_v please_v god_n now_o the_o righteousness_n of_o the_o law_n as_o a_o covenant_n of_o work_n be_v not_o the_o righteousness_n of_o faith_n therefore_o the_o righteousness_n of_o the_o law_n as_o act_v by_o we_o be_v under_o that_o covenant_n can_v please_v god_n the_o first_o be_v prove_v in_o heb._n 1●_n 6._o but_o without_o faith_n it_o be_v impossible_a to_o please_v he_o mark_n it_o be_v impossible_a the_o second_o thus_o the_o law_n be_v not_o of_o faith_n gal._n 3._o 12._o rom._n 10._o 5_o 6._o compare_v with_o gal._n 3._o 11._o but_o that_o no_o man_n be_v justify_v in_o the_o sight_n of_o the_o lord_n by_o the_o law_n it_o be_v evident_a for_o the_o just_a shall_v live_v by_o faith_n and_o the_o law_n be_v not_o of_o faith_n but_o for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o those_o that_o be_v weak_a of_o apprehension_n i_o shall_v prove_v it_o thus_o first_o that_o soul_n that_o have_v eternal_a life_n he_o must_v have_v it_o by_o right_a of_o purchase_n or_o redemption_n heb._n 9_o 22._o eph._n 1._o 7._o second_o this_o purchase_n or_o redemption_n must_v be_v through_o the_o blood_n of_o christ._n you_o have_v redemption_n through_o his_o blood_n without_o shed_v of_o blood_n there_o be_v no_o remission_n now_o the_o law_n be_v not_o in_o a_o capacity_n to_o die_v and_o so_o to_o redeem_v sinner_n by_o the_o purchase_n of_o blood_n which_o satisfaction_n justice_n call_v for_o read_v the_o same_o scripture_n heb._n 9_o 22._o justice_n call_v for_o satisfaction_n because_o thou_o have_v transgress_v and_o sin_v against_o it_o and_o that_o must_v have_v satisfaction_n therefore_o all_o that_o ever_o thou_o can_v do_v can_v bring_v in_o redemption_n though_o thou_o follow_v the_o law_n up_o to_o the_o nail-head_n as_o i_o may_v say_v because_o all_o this_o be_v not_o shed_v of_o blood_n for_o believe_v it_o and_o know_v it_o for_o certain_a that_o though_o thou_o have_v sin_v but_o one_o sin_n before_o thou_o do_v turn_v to_o the_o law_n that_o one_o sin_n will_v murder_v thy_o soul_n if_o it_o be_v not_o wash_v away_o by_o blood_n even_o by_o the_o precious_a blood_n of_o jesus_n christ_n that_o be_v shed_v when_o he_o do_v hang_v upon_o the_o cross_n on_o mount_n calvary_n object_n but_o you_o will_v say_v methinks_v that_o give_v up_o you_o self_n to_o live_v a_o righteous_a life_n shall_v make_v god_n like_o better_a on_o we_o and_o so_o let_v we_o be_v save_v by_o christ_n because_o we_o be_v so_o willing_a to_o obey_v his_o law_n answ._n the_o motive_n that_o move_v god_n to_o have_v mercy_n upon_o sinner_n be_v not_o because_o they_o be_v willing_a to_o follow_v the_o law_n but_o because_o he_o be_v willing_a to_o save_v they_o not_o for_o thy_o righteousness_n or_o for_o thy_o uprightness_n of_o heart_n do_v thou_o possess_v the_o land_n deut._n 9_o 4_o 5_o 6._o now_o understand_v this_o if_o thy_o will_n to_o do_v righteousness_n be_v the_o first_o move_v cause_n why_o god_n have_v mercy_n on_o thou_o through_o christ_n than_o it_o must_v not_o be_v free_o by_o grace_n i_o say_v free_o but_o the_o lord_n love_v thou_o and_o save_v thou_o upon_o free_a term_n have_v nothing_o beforehand_o to_o make_v he_o accept_v of_o thy_o soul_n but_o only_o the_o blood_n of_o christ_n therefore_o to_o allow_v of_o such_o a_o principle_n it_o be_v to_o allow_v that_o grace_n be_v to_o be_v obtain_v by_o the_o work_n of_o the_o law_n which_o be_v so_o gross_a darkness_n as_o lie_v in_o the_o dark_a dungeon_n in_o popery_n and_o be_v also_o direct_o opposite_a to_o scripture_n for_o we_o be_v justify_v free_o by_o his_o grace_n through_o the_o redemption_n that_o be_v in_o christ_n not_o through_o the_o good_a that_o be_v in_o ourselves_o or_o do_v by_o we_o rom._n 3._o 24_o 〈◊〉_d no_o but_o by_o faith_n without_o mark_v that_o without_o the_o deed_n of_o the_o law_n verse_n 28._o again_o not_o of_o work_n lest_o any_o man_n shall_v boast_v eph._n 2._o 9_o no_o no_o say_v he_o not_o according_a to_o our_o work_n or_o righteousness_n but_o according_a to_o his_o own_o purpose_n mark_v according_a to_o his_o own_o purpose_n and_o grace_n which_o be_v a_o free_a gift_n give_v we_o in_o christ_n jesus_n not_o late_o but_o before_o the_o world_n begin_v 2_o tim._n 1._o 9_o object_n but_o you_o will_v say_v then_o why_o do_v god_n give_v the_o law_n if_o we_o can_v have_v salvation_n by_o follow_v of_o it_o answ._n i_o tell_v you_o before_o that_o the_o law_n be_v give_v for_o these_o follow_a reason_n first_o that_o thou_o may_v be_v convince_v by_o it_o of_o thy_o sin_n and_o that_o thy_o sin_n may_v indeed_o appear_v very_o sinful_a unto_o thou_o which_o be_v do_v by_o the_o law_n these_o way_n first_o by_o show_v of_o thou_o what_o a_o holy_a god_n he_o be_v that_o do_v give_v the_o law_n and_o second_o by_o show_v thou_o thy_o vileness_n and_o wickedness_n in_o that_o thou_o contrary_a to_o this_o holy_a god_n have_v transgress_v against_o and_o break_v this_o his_o holy_a law_n therefore_o say_v paul_n the_o law_n be_v add_v that_o the_o offence_n may_v abound_v rom._n 5._o 20._o that_o be_v by_o show_v the_o creature_n the_o holiness_n of_o god_n and_o also_o it_o be_v own_o vileness_n second_o that_o thou_o may_v know_v that_o god_n will_v not_o damn_v thou_o for_o nothing_o in_o the_o judgement_n day_n three_o because_o he_o will_v have_v no_o quarrel_v at_o his_o just_a condemn_v of_o they_o at_o that_o day_n four_o because_o he_o will_v make_v thou_o to_o know_v that_o he_o be_v a_o holy_a god_n and_o pure_a quest._n but_o see_v you_o have_v speak_v thus_o far_o i_o wish_v you_o will_v do_v so_o much_o as_o to_o show_v in_o some_o particular_n both_o what_o man_n have_v do_v and_o how_o far_o they_o have_v go_v and_o what_o they_o have_v receive_v be_v yet_o under_o this_o covenant_n which_o you_o call_v the_o ministration_n of_o condemnation_n answ._n this_o be_v something_o a_o difficult_a question_n and_o have_v need_n be_v not_o only_o wary_o but_o also_o home_o and_o sound_o answer_v the_o question_n consist_v of_o three_o particular_n first_o what_o man_n have_v do_v second_o how_o far_o man_n have_v go_v three_o what_o they_o have_v receive_v and_o yet_o to_o beunder_o the_o law_n or_o covenant_n of_o work_n and_o so_o in_o a_o state_n of_o condemnation_n as_o for_o the_o first_o i_o have_v speak_v something_o in_o general_a to_o that_o already_o but_o for_o thy_o better_a understanding_n i_o shall_v speak_v yet_o more_o particular_o first_o a_o man_n have_v and_o may_v be_v convince_v and_o trouble_v for_o his_o sin_n and_o yet_o be_v under_o this_o covenant_n and_o that_o in_o a_o very_a heavy_a and_o dreadful_a manner_n in_o so_o much_o that_o he_o may_v find_v the_o weight_n of_o they_o to_o be_v intolerable_a and_o too_o heavy_a for_o he_o to_o bear_v as_o it_o be_v with_o cain_n gen._n 4._o 13._o my_o punishment_n say_v he_o be_v great_a than_o i_o can_v bear_v second_o a_o man_n live_v thus_o under_o a_o sense_n of_o his_o sin_n may_v repent_v and_o be_v sorry_a for_o they_o and_o yet_o be_v under_o this_o covenant_n and_o yet_o be_v in_o a_o damn_a state_n mat._n 27._o 3._o and_o when_o he_o judas_n see_v what_o be_v do_v he_o repeat_v three_o man_n may_v not_o only_o be_v convince_v and_o also_o repent_v for_o their_o sin_n but_o they_o may_v also_o desire_v the_o prayer_n of_o the_o child_n of_o god_n for_o they_o too_o and_o yet_o be_v under_o this_o covenant_n and_o curse_v exod._n 10._o 16_o 17._o and_o pharaoh_n call_v for_o moses_n and_o aaron_n and_o say_v i_o have_v sin_v entreat_v the_o lord_n your_o god_n that_o he_o may_v take_v away_o from_o i_o these_o plague_n four_o a_o man_n may_v also_o humble_v himself_o for_o his_o offence_n and_o disobedience_n against_o his_o god_n and_o yet_o be_v under_o this_o covenant_n see_v 1_o king_n 21._o 24_o 25_o 26_o 27_o 28_o 29._o five_o a_o man_n may_v make_v restitution_n unto_o man_n for_o the_o offence_n he_o have_v do_v unto_o they_o and_o yet_o be_v under_o this_o covenant_n six_o a_o man_n may_v do_v much_o work_n for_o god_n in_o his_o generation_n and_o yet_o be_v under_o this_o first_o covenant_n as_o jehu_n who_o do_v do_v that_o which_o god_n bid_v he_o 2_o king_n 9_o 25_o 26._o and_o yet_o god_n threaten_v even_o jehu_n because_o though_o he_o do_v do_v the_o thing_n that_o the_o lord_n command_v he_o yet_o he_o do_v it_o not_o from_o a_o right_a principle_n for_o have_v he_o the_o lord_n will_v not_o have_v say_v yet_o a_o little_a while_n and_o i_o will_v avenge_v the_o blood_n of_o jezreel_n
christ_n alone_o but_o with_o believer_n also_o i_o will_v make_v a_o new_a covenant_n with_o the_o house_n of_o israel_n and_o judah_n etc._n etc._n 1._o answ._n first_o it_o can_v be_v mean_v that_o the_o new_a covenant_n be_v make_v with_o christ_n and_o the_o house_n of_o israel_n and_o judah_n as_o the_o undertaker_n thereof_o for_o so_o it_o be_v make_v with_o christ_n alone_o which_o be_v clear_a in_o that_o it_o be_v make_v long_o before_o the_o house_n of_o israel_n and_o judah_n have_v a_o be_v as_o i_o show_v before_o 2._o answ._n but_o second_o these_o word_n here_o be_v speak_v first_o to_o show_v rather_o the_o end_n of_o the_o ceremony_n than_o the_o beginning_n or_o rise_v or_o the_o new_a covenant_n mind_v a_o little_a the_o apostle_n be_v labour_v to_o beat_v the_o jew_n to_o who_o he_o write_v this_o epistle_n off_o of_o the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o law_n of_o the_o priest_n altar_n offering_n temple_n etc._n etc._n and_o to_o bring_v they_o to_o the_o right_a understanding_n of_o the_o thing_n and_o thing_n that_o they_o hold_v forth_o which_o be_v to_o come_v and_o to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o those_o if_o you_o do_v but_o understand_v the_o epistle_n to_o the_o hebrew_n it_o be_v a_o discourse_n that_o show_v that_o the_o son_n of_o god_n be_v come_v there_o be_v a_o end_n put_v to_o the_o ceremony_n for_o they_o be_v to_o continue_v so_o long_o and_o no_o long_o it_o say_v the_o apostle_n stand_v in_o meat_n and_o drink_n and_o divers_a wash_n and_o carnal_a ordinance_n impose_v on_o they_o until_o the_o time_n of_o reformation_n that_o be_v until_o christ_n do_v come_v but_o christ_n be_v come_v a_o high_a priest_n of_o good_a thing_n to_o come_v &c_n &c_n put_v a_o end_n to_o the_o thing_n and_o ordinance_n of_o the_o levitical_a priesthood_n read_v the_o 7_o 8_o 9_o 10._o chapter_n and_o you_o will_v find_v this_o true_a so_o then_o when_o he_o say_v the_o day_n come_v in_o which_o i_o will_v make_v a_o new_a covenant_n it_o be_v rather_o to_o be_v mean_v a_o change_n of_o the_o administration_n a_o take_v away_o the_o type_n the_o shadow_n the_o ceremony_n from_o the_o house_n of_o israel_n and_o judah_n and_o reveal_v by_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n and_o the_o death_n of_o christ_n and_o the_o offering_n of_o the_o body_n of_o he_o who_o the_o shadow_n and_o type_n do_v point_n out_o to_o be_v indeed_o he_o who_o god_n the_o father_n have_v give_v for_o a_o ransom_n by_o covenant_n for_o the_o soul_n of_o the_o saint_n and_o also_o to_o manifest_v the_o truth_n of_o that_o covenant_n which_o be_v make_v between_o the_o father_n and_o the_o son_n before_o the_o world_n begin_v for_o though_o the_o new_a covenant_n be_v make_v before_o the_o world_n begin_v and_o also_o every_o one_o in_o all_o age_n be_v save_v by_o the_o virtue_n of_o that_o covenant_n yet_o that_o covenant_n be_v never_o so_o clear_o make_v manifest_a as_o at_o the_o come_n death_n and_o resurrection_n of_o christ_n and_o therefore_o say_v the_o scripture_n he_o have_v bring_v life_n and_o immortality_n to_o light_v through_o the_o gospel_n 2_o tim._n 1._o 9_o 10._o who_o have_v save_v we_o and_o call_v we_o with_o a_o holy_a call_n not_o according_a to_o the_o work_n of_o righteousness_n which_o we_o have_v do_v but_o according_a to_o his_o own_o purpose_n and_o grace_n which_o be_v give_v we_o in_o christ_n before_o the_o world_n begin_v there_o be_v the_o covenant_n but_o it_o be_v make_v manifest_a by_o the_o appear_v of_o our_o saviour_n jesus_n christ_n who_o have_v abolish_v death_n and_o bring_v life_n and_o immortality_n to_o light_n through_o the_o gospel_n therefore_o i_o say_v these_o word_n be_v rather_o to_o discover_v that_o the_o time_n be_v come_v to_o change_v the_o dispensation_n to_o take_v away_o the_o type_n and_o bring_v in_o the_o substance_n and_o so_o manifest_v that_o more_o clear_o which_o before_o lay_v hide_v in_o dark_a say_n and_o figure_n and_o this_o be_v usual_a with_o god_n to_o speak_v in_o this_o manner_n again_o if_o at_o any_o time_n you_o do_v find_v in_o the_o scripture_n that_o the_o covenant_n of_o work_n be_v speak_v of_o as_o the_o first_o covenant_n that_o be_v manifest_v and_o so_o before_o the_o second_o covenant_n yet_o you_o must_v understand_v that_o it_o be_v so_o only_o as_o to_o manifestation_n that_o be_v it_o be_v first_o give_v to_o man_n yet_o not_o make_v before_o that_o which_o be_v make_v christ_n and_o indeed_o it_o be_v requisite_a that_o it_o shall_v be_v give_v or_o make_v know_v first_o that_o thereby_o there_o may_v be_v a_o way_n make_v for_o the_o second_o by_o its_o discover_v of_o sin_n and_o the_o sad_a state_n that_o man_n be_v in_o after_o the_o fall_n by_o reason_n of_o that_o and_o again_o that_o the_o other_o may_v be_v make_v the_o more_o welcome_a to_o the_o son_n of_o man_n and_o in_o this_o do_v riddle_n christ_n in_o time_n most_o glorious_o answer_v adam_n who_o be_v the_o figure_n of_o christ_n rom._n 5._o as_o well_o as_o of_o other_o thing_n for_o as_o the_o first_o covenant_n be_v make_v with_o the_o first_o adam_n so_o be_v the_o second_o covenant_n make_v with_o the_o second_o for_o these_o be_v and_o be_v the_o two_o great_a public_a person_n or_o representator_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n as_o to_o the_o first_o and_o second_o covenant_n and_o therefore_o you_o find_v god_n speak_v on_o this_o wise_a in_o scripture_n concern_v the_o new_a covenant_n my_o covenant_n shall_v stand_v fast_o with_o he_o psal._n 89._o 28_o 34_o 35._o my_o mercy_n will_v i_o keep_v for_o he_o for_o evermore_o say_v god_n my_o covenant_n shall_v stand_v fast_o with_o he_o this_o he_o be_v christ_n if_o you_o compare_v this_o with_o luke_n 1._o 3●_n my_o covenant_n will_v i_o not_o break_v namely_o that_o which_o be_v make_v with_o he_o nor_o alter_v the_o thing_n that_o be_v go_v out_o of_o my_o mouth_n once_o have_v i_o swear_v by_o my_o holiness_n that_o i_o will_v not_o lie_v unto_o david_n to_o who_o this_o be_v christ._n speak_v figurative_o in_o the_o person_n of_o christ_n for_o that_o be_v god_n usual_a way_n to_o speak_v of_o the_o glorious_a thing_n of_o the_o gospel_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o law_n as_o i_o say_v before_o second_o the_o condition_n also_o be_v conclude_v on_o and_o agree_v to_o be_v fulfil_v by_o he_o as_o it_o be_v clear_a if_o you_o understand_v his_o say_n in_o the_o 12._o of_o john_n at_o the_o 27._o verse_n where_o he_o foretell_v his_o death_n and_o say_v now_o be_v my_o soul_n trouble_v and_o what_o shall_v i_o say_v father_n save_v i_o from_o this_o hour_n but_o for_o this_o cause_n come_v i_o into_o the_o world_n unto_o this_o hour_n as_o if_o he_o have_v say_v my_o business_n be_v now_o not_o to_o shrink_v from_o my_o suffering_n that_o be_v a_o come_n upon_o i_o for_o these_o be_v the_o thing_n that_o be_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o condition_n contract_v in_o the_o covenant_n which_o stand_v between_o my_o father_n and_o i_o therefore_o i_o shall_v not_o pray_v that_o this_o may_v be_v absolute_o remove_v from_o i_o for_o for_o this_o cause_n come_v i_o into_o the_o world_n even_o this_o be_v the_o very_a term_n of_o the_o covenant_n by_o this_o you_o may_v say_v we_o be_v under_o grace_n now_o in_o a_o covenant_n there_o be_v these_o three_o thing_n to_o be_v consider_v first_o what_o it_o be_v that_o be_v covenant_v for_o second_o the_o condition_n upon_o which_o the_o person_n who_o be_v concern_v in_o it_o do_v agree_v three_o if_o the_o condition_n on_o both_o side_n be_v not_o according_a to_o the_o agreement_n fulfil_v then_o the_o covenant_n stand_v not_o but_o be_v make_v void_a and_o this_o new_a covenant_n in_o these_o particular_n be_v very_o exact_o fulfil_v and_o make_v out_o in_o christ_n first_o the_o thing_n or_o thing_n covenant_v for_o be_v the_o salvation_n of_o man_n but_o make_v good_a in_o christ._n the_o son_n of_o man_n be_v come_v to_o seek_v and_o save_v that_o which_o be_v lose_v the_o 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they_o and_o so_o i_o think_v shall_v we_o answ._n this_o comparison_n be_v wrong_o apply_v if_o you_o bring_v it_o to_o show_v we_o how_o we_o must_v do_v when_o we_o come_v to_o christ._n he_o that_o can_v make_v himself_o clean_o have_v no_o need_n of_o christ_n for_o the_o whole_a the_o clean_a and_o righteous_a have_v no_o need_n of_o christ_n but_o those_o that_o be_v foul_a and_o sick_a physician_n you_o know_v if_o they_o love_v to_o be_v honour_v they_o will_v not_o bid_v the_o patient_n first_o make_v themselves_o whole_a and_o then_o come_v to_o they_o no_o but_o bid_v they_o come_v with_o their_o sore_n all_o run_v on_o they_o as_o the_o woman_n with_o her_o bloody_a issue_n mark_v 5._o and_o as_o mary_n magdalen_n with_o her_o belly_n full_a of_o devil_n and_o the_o lepper_v all_o scab_a and_o that_o be_v the_o right_a come_n to_o jesus_n christ._n reply_n well_o i_o hope_v that_o christ_n will_v save_v i_o for_o his_o promise_n and_o mercy_n be_v very_o large_a and_o as_o 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find_v out_o of_o jesus_n christ_n will_v be_v find_v guilty_a in_o the_o judgement_n day_n upon_o who_o the_o wrath_n of_o god_n shall_v smoke_v to_o their_o eternal_a ruin_n now_o therefore_o consider_v of_o it_o and_o take_v the_o counsel_n of_o the_o apostle_n in_o 2_o cor._n 13._o 5._o which_o be_v to_o examine_v thyself_o whether_o thou_o be_v in_o the_o faith_n and_o to_o prove_v thy_o own_o self_n whether_o thou_o have_v receive_v the_o spirit_n of_o christ_n in●●_n thy_o soul_n whether_o thou_o have_v be_v convert_v whether_o thou_o have_v be_v bear_v again_o and_o make_v a_o new_a creature_n whether_o thou_o have_v have_v thy_o sin_n wash_v away_o in_o the_o blood_n of_o christ_n whether_o thou_o have_v be_v bring_v from_o under_o the_o old_a covenant_n into_o the_o new_a and_o do_v not_o make_v a_o slight_a examination_n for_o thou_o have_v a_o precious_a soul_n either_o to_o be_v save_v or_o damn_v and_o that_o thou_o may_v not_o be_v deceive_v consider_v that_o it_o be_v 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thy_o soul_n may_v be_v enlighten_v and_o the_o wickedness_n of_o thy_o heart_n discover_v that_o thou_o may_v see_v the_o miserable_a state_n that_o thou_o be_v in_o by_o reason_n of_o sin_n and_o unbelief_n which_o be_v the_o great_a condemn_a sin_n and_o so_o in_o a_o sight_n and_o sense_n of_o thy_o sad_a condition_n if_o god_n shall_v deal_v with_o thou_o in_o severity_n according_a to_o thy_o deserve_n do_v thou_o cry_v to_o god_n for_o faith_n in_o a_o crucify_a christ_n that_o thou_o may_v have_v all_o thy_o sin_n wash_v away_o in_o his_o blood_n and_o such_o a_o right_a work_n of_o grace_n wrought_v in_o thy_o soul_n that_o may_v stand_v in_o the_o judgment-day_n again_o second_o in_o the_o next_o place_n you_o know_v i_o tell_v you_o that_o a_o man_n may_v go_v a_o great_a way_n in_o a_o profession_n and_o have_v many_o excellent_a gift_n so_o as_o to_o do_v many_o wondrous_a work_n and_o yet_o be_v but_o under_o the_o law_n from_o hence_o you_o may_v learn_v not_o to_o 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