surely if all were true they should bee the verie naturall sonnes of God Thirdly this great acquaintance must be perpetuall Aristotle makes three bonds of freindship 1. pleasure 2. riches and both these are soone ended because in laughter the heart is heauy for such pleasures as are but of things transitory and for riches they take their wings and flie away but the third bond which is vertue and honesty is of long continuance and I know no freindship that hypocrits professe with God that sauours of honestie and vertue Indeede the other two are in high account with them for they will seeme to doe any thing for pleasure and profit Saul loued God but it was for a kingdome Ahithophel because he was aduanced counseller Iudâ—s because an Apostle bare the bag yet Saul a little afflicted forsakes God Ahithophel crossed hangs himselfe Iudas for gain betraies Christ Iobs wife seemed to goe farre as long as she could wash her paths with butter but when affliction is vpon her husband curse god die Many hypocrits are like Rebecca Gen. 25.22 who wished to haue children but when they stroue in her womb then she brast forth into words of impacience so God giues a desire to some to be borne againe who when they see their conception to be painfull and the spirit and flesh striue together desire to be in their old estate againe they seeke the kingdome of heauen but not the righteousnes thereof and therefore it will appeare verie easily how like they are vnto God for Saul and Pharaoh had some good motions by fittes and vpon occasion could play fast and loose beeing of a strange complexion and verie aguish hote and cold in a moment Sea faring men who when the seas doe rage and the tempest begins feele themselues sea-sicke and haue a desire to cast but when they are gotten to the land and haue smelt the cleare coast are as merrie and ioyfull as heart can wish the reason is because now being without hope sense and feeling of the sweet ioyes to come doe die thus by their flesh pots of Egypt so they shew in affliction that their flesh pots and their health though in bondage doth more please them then the goodnes and louing countenance of the Lord. Want of bread makes some despise their great wonderfull deliuerance out of Egypt the want of riches is greater trouble theÌ„ the want of grace and the possession of riches greater ioy then the fruition of Gods countenance The reason is plaine because in temporall things our ioy is greater then the cause but in spiritual the cause is greater then our ioy Againe they loue not God for himselfe but for his blessing and therefore all the similitude that wicked men haue of God is more in the loue of the creatures then of God himselfe and when the Lord shall bring his fanne and make cleane his floare you shall see him send away this chaffe but still keepe his corne for the naturall children of God loue their father naturally doe he what he will they will still loue him though thou kill me yet still will I trust in thee saith Iob. Thus shall the Lord trie his owne image and see who will endure the fire which shall be knowne by these foure properties first as fire burnes straw stubole stickes to ashes and makes them as though they had not beene so shall the fire of Gods affliction wast all those things which are of this weake nature Secondly as fire purges that which can abide him and makes it purer and finer so shall the triall of the spirit wast all the drosse in Gods children and purifie the rest as a temple for the holy Ghost Thirdly as fire giueth light in the most dimme and darkest place so shall the fire of Gods spirit become a shining lampe burning continually Fourthly as heat putteth life into those things which are capable of life though frozen and starued for cold and as they were without life yet touching them maketh them reuiue become nimble and actiue so the spirit of God heating and inflaming our hearts kindleth our zeale quickneth our deadnes puts life into vs maketh vs nimble and actiue in a care of our dutie loue of all mankind and the glorie of God this alone will prooue whether we beare the image and stampe of God in vs or no when all the rest is no better then that conceit which the Deuill put into the heads of our parents Gen. 3. Ye shall be like God surely it prooued like the god of this world for euen that conceit tooke away the image of God and brought in a worse euen the image of the deuill Observ It is the nature of euery wicked man especially of an hypocrite to haue an high conceit of himselfe and in this high conceit to thinke God like vnto him 1. Reas First blindnes of vnderstanding Rom. 1.21 22 23. Vaine imaginations and follie of heart full of darknes makes professours of wisdome become starke fooles and so turne the glorie of the incorruptible God to the similitude of the image of a corruptible man and of birds and foure footed beasts and of creeping things 2. Reas Is the euill disposition of nature which turneth all things into his owne temper and therefore it can not be but the silence of the Lord should be abused by our thoughts 3. Reas Selfe-pleasing our selues Herod will part with all before he will part with his brothers wife the young man will leaue Christ before he forsake his riches and therefore before the silence of the Lord shall crosse our natures we must either crosse it or els restraine it vnto our selues and giue it that limitation which shall best agree with our pleasures 1. Vse reprehension A confutation of the wicked for the abuse of their reason in that they will become absolute Iudges of Gods wisdome it is enough for the seruant to become as the master Gods truth will haue no controller and therefore must he command or els he will testifie against vs and accuse vs for the breach of his prerogatiue royall Secondly a correction of the godly that any waies subiect themselues to the iudgement of wicked men their fountaine is naught therefore their streames can not be sweete 2. Vse instruction First an admonition of the wicked to be more carefull for their thoughts Indeede we say thoughts are free but yet let them know that there is a word which is a discerner of the thoughts and the intents of the heart and therefore what they haue spoken in the theeuish corners of their hearts shall be plainly detected euen vpon the house toppes Secondly a direction to the godly that is a deniall of themselues and of their owne thoughts and wholly yeilding themselues vnto Gods truth 3. Vse Consolation to all them that see the want of Gods image and desire it more then they presume they haue it This will take away our owne conceits and breede in vs the cleare
punishment on them which do ill as it burnes more remissely against sinne it is called anger as more sharpely wrath as it doth giue sentence iudgement as it doth execute vengeance Thirdly he shewes mercie not that which is properly vnderstood in Christ but that which is vnderstood in my text compassion gentlenesse patience longanimitie bountifulnesse c. and these most properly appeare in the fall yet the fall beeing more generall then all that follow hath his vse in them all and is subordinate with all the rest to the decree of God And euen here God manifests his decree of election euen before the sending of Christ Ioh. 3.16 God so loued the world that he hath giuen his onely begotten Sonne that whosoeuer beleeueth in him should not perish but haue euerlasting life 1. Ioh. 4.9 In this appeared the loue of God toward vs because God sent c. in both these places the loue of God is the cause why Christ was giuen and sent and therefore this loue went before Christ else should the cause followe the effect this loue was decreed So then God loued the world before he either gaue or sent his Son actually he loues none but in Christ neither doth any feele his loue but he that is in Christ and therefore for the comfort of the Church the fittest place to teach the decree in is application of Christ yet the determination of his loue was before all this and the onely cause why Christ was sent into the world 6. Hâ—mo ad imaginem dei gradus 6. Steppe is a man according to Gods image and in this estate man was holy and righteous and to this image we are restored againe in Christ Rom. 8.29 and therefore God decreed to maintaine this image in some of his creatures that so he might haue the glorie of his creation maintained for euer and this is the thing that made God haue a Church from the beginning of the world and no Church wherein there is not Gods election and the decree of his euerlasting saluation Hence man in his innocencie was of Gods election such a one as then was ordained of God could not die without the renouation of his image therefore our euerlasting saluation was decreed in the estate of our integritie 7. Steppe is man made Homo creatus aâ—â— per creatâ—onem se ctus gradn 7. and this is the first manner of consideration that we can find in a man and in this likewise appeares the decree for God made man for the manifestation of his glorie not onely in regard of generall goodnesse wisedome and omipotencie seene in all the creatures neither of that which was seene in the angels to wit goodnesse communicated from an infinite good to which being ioyned their obedience brought Gods rewarding iustice to confirme them in an euerlasting estate and this is called bonitas cum iustitia coniuncta goodnesse conioyned with iustice wherein appeared the election of the good angels Againe disobedience to dissolue and breake off the coÌ„munication with that infinite good brought in punishing iustice euerlasting and eternall wherein appeared the reprobation of the bad angels Thus farre then it pleased God generally to shewe his goodnesse omnipotencie wisedome c. Secondly more specially his goodnesse and rewarding iustice vpon the blessed Angels and the losse of his goodnes with the inflicting of his punishing iustice vpon the accursed angels but as yet no subiect to shew goodnes iustice and mercie and therefore man must bee made the subiect on which he will shew all his goodnes in what order you shall heare when I come to shew the ends in Gods decree 8. Is man more generall then all these For man made Homo generale subiectum oâ—â—i bus adiunctis praesuppositum grad 8 hath a speciall ende to wit happinesse of creation man made holy happinesse with the creator man made vnholy miserie with himselfe man redeemed saluation by Christ and so of all the rest speciall ends may be assigned which can be nothing else but the manifestation of Gods glorie in his iustice and mercie 9. Mundus exnihilo gradus 9. A world made of nothing exceeding good whereof man is a part and the most principall and therefore made for man Now euen before this subiect was election Come receiue the kingdome prepared for you before the foundations of the world So then God intended a kingdome for his elect before he made this world 10. Creatio omnium or goad extoriora grâ—dus vlâ—â—mus supâ—â—mus Creation the originall of all things and before which there was nothing without this man could not be so then when they say man was by creation it is true that man there tooke his originall and creation is more generall then man but so creation is taken actiuely but passiuely as in man it is more speciall therefore man created is a speciall consideration of man but man in Gods creation is more generall Hence the Lord in making of him appointed him all his ends To conclude the creation of man was for the manifestation of all Gods diuine attributes as wel iustice and mercie as the rest And now beeing come to the highest staire in creatures wee slippe presently out of them and lay all the rest on Gods will as the onely subiect This is as it were the bodie of Gods decree the rest is as the soule this externall that which followeth internall in this is manifested Gods indirect knowledge in the other his direct and proper knowledge the lowest steppe of this is iustice and mercie and the subiect in which these two rest is his will I will haue mercie on whom I will haue mercie and compassion on whom I will haue compassion Rom. 9.15 and v. 18. He hath mercie on whom hee will haue mercie and whom he will he hardeneth 〈…〉 in 〈…〉 re 〈…〉 2. â—irtus morâ—â—s 3 intellectuals 4 〈◊〉 5 bo mitas 6. Gloria 7. Deas ipse â—l pha omâ—ga Second head we call morall vertues whereby God willeth euery thing most readily that is good and is most prompt in the performance thereof so that iustice and mercy comming vnder this head according to our capacitie are moued to nothing but that which is good third intellectuall virtues whereby God is most prompt in the performance of euery act of vnderstanding fourth vertues whereby God is knowne vnto vs to bee absolutely good fifth goodnesse the head and fountaine of all these sixt glorie the perfection of goodnesse seuenth God himselfe which is knowne vnto vs by all these That this is the Scripture see all in the 33. of Exod and also in the 34. Chap. 33. ver 18. I beseech thee shewe me thy glorie v. 19. God answers Moses my glorie is too excellent for thee but my glory which is seene in my goodnesse shall goe before thee I will make all my good goe before thee that is thou shalt see the backe-parts of my glorie these backe-parts are Gods
GODS ARRAIGNEMENT OF HYPOCRITES WITH AN INLARGEMENT concerning Gods decree in ordering sinne AS LIKEWISE A DEFENCE of Mr. CALVINE against BELLARMINE and of M. PERKINS against ARMINIVS 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cernit Deus omnia vindex GEN. 18.13 Shall not the Iudge of all the world doe right PRINTED BY CANTRELL LEGGE Printer to the Vniuersitie of Cambridge 1615. ⧠TO THE RIGHT Worsh Sir WILLIAM AYLOFE Knight Barronet and chiefe Iustice of the liberties of HAVERING vpon the Bower Grace and peace from the Father Prince and Spirit of Peace AMEN TRVTH speakes with plainnesse and modestie beares with patience the plainnesse of the one might disturbe the patience of the other but truth keepes modestie from blushing and modestie preserues truth from shaming No shame for plainnesse whose plainnesse is the truth nor blushing for modesty whose forbearance is patience which is hardly angred but soone reconciled easily iniured but seldome offending sparing much but stirring little these two are so priuiledged that they may keep their court where they please without controlment of the proudest But alas the fashion of this world is changed and all is become complement hee is no compleat Gentleman that cannot be as humble as the toe as plaine as if he meant to open all his heart and as modest as though hee had learned a whole yeare to compose his gesture but nature forced is alwaies most vnruly and the face that hath most flushings of heat hath the coldest heart and burnings without are coolers within Maskes once serued for sporting but I feare them now to bee vsed in good earnest painting was but a circumstance but now it 's the best substance yet let me tell this disordered age that painting is meeter for ragged walls then fine marble for an unruly Iezebel then a chast matron in a word all strange complements they are no better then court holy water or a Popes blessing and I am sure where hee blesseth God curseth The earth is full of faire words but they pay no debts neither is any man the richer for them And I would to God the fashion had rested in the bodie but woe is me it is crept into the soule and makes all learning but a flourish Therefore I thought it right Worsh verie good to abstaine from the fashion because in all kinds we may finde them by experience to he but a daies wearing The Taylors care is ouer if he hit the cut the Shooemaker if his shooe hold the pulling on and euery trades-man thinkes his shop then best furnished when his wares wil serue the time but for my part I know not how to cut out the truth better then by plainnesse to plucke it on then by modestie and make it serue the time then by patience I care for no more if so be I may but be a friend of the bridegroome to wooe his spouse or as one of his eunuches to trimme her for himselfe neither euer did I intend to intreat for welcome by flatterie which is alwaies intertained as long as selfe-loue is at home and to what purpose should I be more curious I am sure that the painting of windowes stops the light and that plainer glasse would permit the sunne a clearer entrance a black ground best beseemes a white counterfeit and a faire countenance needs no varnish where the wine is neate there needeth no ivy-bush neither the right corall any colouring So where the truth it selfe bringeth credit the man with his glosse winneth small commendation where the matter is of sufficient excellencie there is more shew of a pregnant wit then perfect wisedome to vse superfluous eloquence the naked tale most sets forth the naked truth and the plainest style is the soonest vnderstood I do not condemn eloquence or humane learning in diuine mysteries it is lawful I confesse for the Israelites to take iewels gold siluer and other precious ornaments but let them take heede how they vse them least they make a calfe and then they loose their beautie hauing lost their true seruice Neither would I be so curious in trimming vp of the truth as though my greatest care should be for the habit of words for I know that skilfull Apelles coueting to mend the nose marred the cheeke and often the foolish dyer is not content with the die of his cloth vntill he haue burned it I know the word of God hath been sufficiently tryed to my hands and the holy Ghost hath giuen it a sufficient tincture of beautie Indeede in nature there is no tree but hath some blast no countenance but hath some blemish the fairest leopard is not without his spots the finest cloth is made with his list and the smoothest shooe with his laste But the word of God is a tree of life that is neuer blasted a glasse that doth neuer shew vs a blemished countenance a store-house of all garments to be worne without list or seame and as strong as a leopard without any spot or blemish a gospel of peace prepared without any wooden laste of humane eloquence and yet sits as close to the feete of the soule as heart can wish Neither doe I speake this to excuse my selfe for I might well learne wisedome from the Estrich that though she taketh greatest pride in her feathers yet is content to picke some of the worst out and burne them so might I picke out many things and purge them in the fire Alexander laid his singer on his cheeke least Apelles should paint his skarre but it is my mind to hold my finger off my skarres least some skilfull Apelles paint the finger not couering but pointing at the skarre and so lay open as much hypocrisie in the writer as blemishes in the writing Therefore right Worsh seeing I am to vndergoe censure and bee brought before euerie mans iudgement seat I haue great cause to seek out my aduocate and patron Iudicem aditurus patronum quare must you before a Iudge seeke out your patron In duty and loue I could seeke none beside your selfe my confidence of your acceptation is so strong that I feare not the least deniall you gaue me the first entertainement that euer I had abroad and therefore in reason I could not but present you with the first fruits of my labours I doubt not but that your selfe doth both see and bewaile the miserie of these wretched times in which Atheisme and Policie falsly so called beeing indeed little better then plaine villanie and Tomporizing haue like a canker fretted out the verie heart of pietie Few there are that seeke for established hearts and to know precisely whether God or Baal bee the true God and for resolution they resolue that the best course is to halt betweene two opinions that so all times might serue their turnes But you haue not so learned Christ for this can I testifie of your paine diligence that you labour for nothing more then the gaining of aduised resolution If I should say all that I know
God another now all learned men knowe that the manner of any thing makes it not many as one cause may beget preserue be alone and with others worke by it selfe and by accident and therefore no neede to multiply the action Effectuum relationes omnes sunt ad causas suas separatas concurrentes concausas simul ac similiter agentes that is the relations and respect of all effects are to their causes whether they be separate concurring concausing or together and in like manner working if to separated causes then the effects obtain their names from the manner of the cause by which these effects exist if necessarily they come forth then of necessarie causes they are called necessarie effects And here by the way obserue that the decree of God and mans free will in his fal are rather separate then concurring causes and therefore if you please Gods decree may be called a necessarie cause of his owne effect but mans free will was another manner of cause and therfore being a contingent cause his fall was cōtingent obserue this against we come to the difficulties that arise out of Gods ordering of sin So then in separate causes if necessary then necessary effects if contingent then contingēt effects but if many causes concurre to produce one effect then this one effect can neuer be said to be contingent and necessarie for so one nature should be contradictorie to it selfe therefore if the principal cause of mans sinne be contingent as who dare denie it seeing it came from mans though free yet mutable will therefore that Gods decree should either necessitate the cause or the effect is impossible for so a contingent cause should become a necessarie cause and a necessarie effect should be the same with a contingent effect so then Gods decree though it make his owne effect necessarie yet concurring with mans fall works in sustaining ordering limiting whatsoeuer shall be done but without all violence or coaction of his nature For the third concauses which are absolute in their working and neither will nor can be frustrated alwaies produce a necessarie effect as the first cause and the second not only concurring but concausing each of them for their full power and freedome that which they work cannot but produce that which they intended therefore God the first cause concausing in mans fall his owne good pleasure and man for his freedome in the selfe same effect concausing his owne will could doe no other but produce vnto himselfe a miserable effect but vnto God who made this serue his own will a glorious consequent to manifest a greater good then otherwise the world should euer haue conceiued and therefore giue euerie effect his right in his cause but wrong no cause for the effect because that which you may charge one cause with all was proper to another Thou This word hath relation to 16. ver but to the wicked said God thou whose heart is full of hypocrisie worship vngodlinesse conuersation vnrighteous and euerie action an impudent lying before God and man Done Doing is to be limited for generally it signifies to doe well or euill but the second is meant done amisse whether in omitting true reformation or committing vile abhominations against the sacred lawes of God both are iudged of God in this place Gods law is cast at the backe and therfore all good duties omitted the contrarie performed in profanation adulterie the euerie deceit slander c. Held When it is taken for holding to worke Plowing Meditation Labouring it properly signifies plowing hence meditating and thirdly any kind of labouring the second signification is a metaphore hence Sampsons prouerbe they plowed with my heiffer the third is a Synecdoche A second head of significations is to hold from worke and then it signifies either to omit Omit Remit Cease wholly to passe it ouer or else to remit to hold backe some of the whole thirdly wholly to cease which all of them may be applyed First I omitted wholly from calling of thee to an account and therefore thou thoughtest that all reckonings were made vp betwixt thee and me Secondly I remitted thee many offences for which thou neuer was thankefull vnto me Thirdly a long time haue I ceased from my anger and therefore as in my mercies thou scantedst me as a nigardly and pinching giuer so now in thy sinnes thou hast beene exceeding liberall and large taken my hands and armes as bound vp in a cloth and cannot be pulled out to strike thee withall Tongue The word beeing giuen to reasonable creatures First signifies as dumme Thou thoughtest that I was tongue-tied alas didst thou neuer heare me in my word Secondly deafe thou thoughtest I could not here thy mouth giuen vnto euill thy tongue to forgerie deceit cursed speaking slaunder c. Thirdly blind that I had no eyes to see thy secret hypocrisie Qui tacet consentire videtur Fourthly silent as one consenting with thee Fiftly ouerseeing as one winking at thy sinnes Sixtly sparing as neuer meaning to call thee to account But there is one signification more and that is to thinke a secret and therefore O hypocrite it might be that God all this time was thinking a secret against thee To hold the tongue is put for silence which is a Metanomy of the cause for the effect now the Lord can properly be said neither to hold the tongue 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or keepe silence therefore a third thing is meant by a metaphor drawne from men keeping silence to wit clemency gentlenes patience forbearing long suffering bountifulnesse and a large time to repent The iustice of God as it burnes more remissely against sinne is called anger as more sharpely wrath in sentencing iudgement 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 What is mercie in executing reuenge now in all these God vseth mercie which is a compassion toward his creature offending and this is double either gentlenesse or bountifulnes gentlenesse gentlenesse whereby in his iustice hee remembreth mercy and this appeares in his patience patience and longanimitie patience whereby he most gently suffereth sinners deferreth his punishment longanimitie whereby he expecteth long time repentance longanimity his bountifulnesse bountifulnes whereby he is rich in goodnes powring forth his good gifts vpon his sinful creatures notwithstanding their sinnes and in all these appeares this which the Prophet hath said I held my tongue III. Part. The explication of wickedmens conceits Thoughtest 1. 1. Consent It signifies to consent vnto a thing and that is nothing els but the fitting of natures together either in their causes as like causes will haue like effects and so on the contrarie like effects like causes or of subiects with their adiuncts as this is a fit subiect for such a qualitie or this is a qualitie for such a subiect Let vs then applie thou thoughtest that is consentedst but alas how fitly doth Gods silence and their thoughts agree fire
mercie if that then either I must be saued or damned but alas that is a harsh conclusion both in regard of God and in regard of my selfe well consider that it is one thing to determine of thy sinne and another thing to punish thee assure thy selfe that this is good reason that euery law of God must determine before thou doe any thing els were the rule no wisdome of God but also take this with thee that thou shalt neuer take any hurt by the law vntill thou thy selfe haue done some hurt vnto it the Law will not sting vntill thou haue stung thy selfe and then take heede of poison vnto death And therefore seeing Gods wisdome runnes along in this order to determine all matters not casually but certenly long before they come to passe we should yeild it and not denie it because of the execution which followes after which hath other iust causes then Gods decree but none to exclude it Argum. 3 God is Alpha and Omega the first and the last the beginning and the ende therefore nothing before him neither any thing after him therfore he closeth all things in these two tearmes therefore euery thing must haue something to doe with this first and last as from him and to him therefore must they be decreed els should they not be from him and to him Hence sinne comming within the limits of this circle that incloseth all things must needes some way come from God and be for God and therefore decreed How sinne may be from God and to God is hard to explaine yet in my poore iudgement vnder the correction of my betters I iudge this the most true and safest that the good the Lord will haue out of euil is from God and to God all the rest that remaines is nothing at all for Gods purpose and therefore he hath no hand in it he will haue the gold by his owne fining but the drosse he will leaue to the first inuentors that digged vnto themselues such kinde of pits that would hold no water for the Lord of hosts but such as he drew out by his prerogatiue royall ouer all his creatures and their actions Therefore thus is sinne decreed and the Lord had his hand in it For the other consideration of sinne as sinne it is a by-respect in it selfe nothing tending to Gods purpose but onely as the Lord drew his owne goodnes out of him And this makes vs speake so of sinne that he is decreed meaning the goodnesse out of sinne which the Lord hath appointed for himselfe II. Part in the ordering of sinne concerning his entrance and progresse This point would a little more be insisted vpon for the slanders that Bellarmine hath laid vpon Calvin Luther Martyr and sundrie other of the greatest Diuines of the Reformed Churches making them to defend That God by reason of his decree is made the cause of sinne Of this sinnefull wicked and lying report we are sure God is not the author but the deuill For the clearing of this point two things offer themselues to our consideration the first entrance of sinne Entrance prâ—gresse causeâ— of sinnes entrance principall instrumentall accidentall and secondly his progresse For his first entrance sinne had two causes one blameable the other holy and good The blameable cause is either principall or instrumentall principall the deuill and man The deuills beeing Apostates and rebells through their pride against God and malice against man became lyars and murtherers of man by bringing him into his fall man by his free receiuing of the tentation and hearkning thereunto contrary to the commandement of God when he might haue resisted the same The instrumentall causes were the serpent and the woman the serpent abused by the deuill was vsed as an instrument of seducing Evah the woman deceiued by the deuill and the serpent became an instrument to deceiue man The vnblameable cause was God and his lawe for as his law did it so he himselfe did it and if there had been no law there had been no transgression yet the law of it selfe sauoured nothing but life vnto life which thorough mans default became the sauour of death vnto death But how could this bee seeing mans will was created good How mans will beeing good could produce euill I answer First it was created mutably good secondly though there was no imperfection for kind of beeing yet his beeing was defectiue and imperfect in regard of absolute beeing therefore man compared to God was defectiue and imperfect and so might come short of his created perfection and fall away from that wherein he was created Hence man might fall but how should this power come into act here diuines lay downe a substraction of grace which they affirme to bee double first of that without which man could not but fall and without which he could not continue in his integritie if God had denied man this grace it could not bee imagined but that God should haue beene the author of sinne 〈…〉 this was debitum naturae due to his nature this God gaue him and would haue continued with the supply of actual grace to haue liued for euer if he had once pleased God A second substraction or rather withholding of grace was that without which God saw hee would not continue though both in dutie he ought 〈◊〉 posse si veâ—â—â—t sed non veile 〈…〉 and in respect of abilitie he might if he would God gaue him not a would to his might yet a might if he would neither was God bound vnto this by law of creation for it was expedient giuing him freedome of will to trie him how he would exercise it yet most certain hee would abuse it no man denies but that God might haue giuen grace to Adam in such degree measure and kind as might haue preserued him from all possibilitie of falling and haue holden him inseparably to himselfe for euer which while he denied he gaue way vnto the fall of man Thus then we conceiue of the entrance of sinne First God purposed eternally to make man a rationall and intellectuall creature indued with knowledge of all things Vnderstanding and facultie and power to make choice of what he would Secondly man could not be thus made and be naturally free Election from possibilitie and danger of making an euill choice disposing himselfe amisse and offending against the lawes of his righteous Creator Thirdly Meanes God wanted not gratious meanes whereby to hold him inseparably to himselfe and to preserue him infallibly from falling away though he were not nor could be Fall contingent naturally free from possibilitie of falling Fourthly God knew man beeing so left would sinâ—efully depart from him not necessarily but contingently yet most certenly not by any constraint but by his owne created free will Fiftly God saw this to be the best for the manifestation of his glorie and of that good which otherwise the world could neuer haue knowne Sixtly
deformitas prima carentia rectitudinis debitae inesse voluntati elicienti actum quem non habet secunda est ipse actus elicitus quem deus prohibet Occam in sent lib. 3. quest 12. saies there is a double deformitie of the sinne of commission first the want or priuation of that rectitude which ought to be in the will making his owne choice of an action which he ought not secondly the very act that is drawne out of this will is a deformitie forbidden of God so then besides the wills deformitie the act it selfe is a deformitie Other Diuines vnderstand by the deformitie found in sinne the want of rectitude or omission of due circumstances and thereupon say there is no cause of it but priuatiue onely but Occam vnderstandeth as you haue heard by the deformitie of a sinne of commission the act it selfe done without due circumstances without which it should not be done and so seeketh a positiue cause of it If any of our Diuines should haue affirmed this how would Bellarmine haue handled them and imputed straunge and outragious blasphemies against them b Cameracensis in lib. sentent lib. 1. q. 13. art 1. q. 14. Of this opinion are many other of their Doctors as may well be seene in Cameracensis c Hugo de S. vict erud theol de sacram lib. 1. part 4. cap. 12. 13. c Scotus l. 1. dist 41. q. Vnica sola permissio aliculus actus certitudo de permissione non facit certitudinem de illo actu quia opportet habere aliquā causam effectiuā igitur ex hoc quod deus praescit se velle permittere Luciforum peccare ex hoc inquam solo non videtur quod sciat Luciferum peccaturum soluitur haec obiectio quia deus non solum scit se permissurum sed etiam scit se non cooperaturum ei ad actum necessarium per consequens onuttet scit se cooperaturum ad substan iam actus prohibiti sine debitis circumstantijs per consequens committet Scotus another great doctour saies Gods bare permission of some action and certitude of his permission makes not any certitude of that action because it ought to haue some effectuall cause therefore for as much as God did foreknow that he would permit Lucifer to sinne from this it could not be that the obiection of Lucifers fall should be answered seeing that God doth not only know it but also knowes that he will not co-oporate with him to the producing of a necessarie act and therefore withdrawing he omits as well as Lucifer for how should Lucifer but omit when the first cause withholds his influence and againe the Lord that he will co-operate to the substance of an act forbidden and therefore it followes that God commits it What blasphemies would these be in the mouthes of Calvin and others yet good diuinitie in the schooles of Rome But thus they expound themselues that God worketh decreeth and willeth the deformitie that is found in the sinnes of commission not by his antecedent will whereby he worketh things out of his owne liking but by his consequent and conditionall will whereby presupposing the purpose of suffering his creature to auert and turne from him he still intendeth to mooue impell and carrie them forward though beeing by their owne fault out of the way hee carrieth them thither whither they should not goe first say they by substraction of grace vpon the withdrawing whereof he sawe the creature would turne from him he purposed to suffer the sinne of auersion or omission to enter secondly this purpose beeing presupposed and foreseeing that which would follow vpon it in his consequent and conditionall will he positiuely decreed the other which is of commission Man by creation was made to seeke an infinite good and loue it infinitely which if he omit to seeke in God then must he needes commit the contrarie and seeke it in himselfe for so God decreed that man not continuing to adhere vnto him should fall into selfe loue pride and all euills of that kind All this might bee borne withall saue onely they make deformitie of the essence of an action which cannot be borne withall for indeed it is so farre from agreeing with an action that he will not suffer him to take vp any dwelling in him and therefore I prooued before in exposition of those words These things hast thou done that no action was the subiect of sinne and therefore well might the action be caused of God without all fault of his But to answer the doubt 1. They differ in that omission is a morall defect but commission is a morall act the one is not doing morally that which is commanded and the other is a morall doing of that which is forbidden 2. The one lookes at the law as commanding but denies his act the other at the law as forbidding and yet performes his act Now the will of God is positiuely carried vnto neither of both but permissiuely to the creature and accidentally to the effect Yet you will obiect then God permits that which he wills not and if he will it not how can it be done Here I dare not be so bold as our Diuines are though I thinke we haue all one meaning that Gods will is first carried vpon his permission secondly vpon the thing permitted As his will is carried vpon his owne permission he wills that absolutely and by an affirmatiue act but as vpon the thing permitted it is non impedire not to hinder it and that is actus negativus And this must be taken notice of because Gods will must haue some thing to intercede and come betwixt it selfe and sinne for a will immediatly carried vpon sinne is alwaies sinnefull therefore permission comming betwixt Gods wil and sinne frees God from the action of sinne To the fourth obiection I answer that priuations are either considered as opposites with their habits or as adiuncts with their subiects in the first consideration the habite is that which doth affirme it selfe to be existent or in nature may be existent the priuation cleane contrarie denies this to be in nature nay worse then that shewes that he is expelled from such a subiect which now makes him appeare as though he were the Lord of the house and beare the full dominion As life is a naturall thing death comes and saies there shall be no life in this subiect and when life is gone the subiect makes death appeare as though he were the commander of lifes habitation night comes and saies where now is light and because no man can see the light he is faine to giue darknesse a good word and say he hath possessed the circle of the world yet neither will the world confesse he hath receiued any beeing by darknesse or the subiect of life any further existence by the presence of death Therfore he is neither being in himselfe or giuing being to his subiect but taking away a
being yet because the subiect into which he is receiued by reason that he alwaies lookes vpon his adiunct giues him the denomination of beeing as long as he rests with him yet in his simple nature the neuer can be so considered but as a meere tyrant to beeing and essence which agree so ill that if the one come the other must be gone And this is the reason why originall sinne is said to raigne which could not be but for our members which giue him leaue to stay with vs. The Ivie hath no roote or existence from a proper principall of life but most louingly embraceth the Oke and for all his strength the Ivie will eate out his heart secretly and bring him to death so sinne hath no roote of his owne yet most familiarly be closeth with our nature and eateth out the heart of all goodnes within vs and speedily bringeth vs vnto miserie For the last obiection sinne is called an habit and qualitie therefore beeing The answer is as sinne is habitus in subiecto it hath that name yet properly sinne is no habit for it is alwaies his negation and opposite therefore can not properly haue the name of his opposite yet beeing crept into vertues closet desires to put on his habit that so he may haue the more loue and welcome as tyrants when they haue gotten the kingdome of lawfull Princes will be very glad to put on any title that might please them whome they desire to become their subiects and for this cause will be content to change their names so sinne a meere tyrant will maske it selfe in the habit of vertue that so we may esteeme the better of him and willingly subiect our selues to his vntolerable yoke Obiections from the testimonies of our Orthodoxall Diuines whereby they are said to haue made God the author of sinne Obiect 1. The obiection may be formed according to these foure heads 1. from Gods will 2. from the effect of his will his decree 3. from the subiect of his decree man 4. from the ende reprobation of man The argument in generall is thus framed They which make the will of God euill his decree causam energeticam an effectuall cause of sinne the will of man compelled to sinne and his ende euerlasting punishment without consideration of sinne make God the author of sinne but this is defended by our Diuines I will at large inforce euery obiection because it is one of the most damnable opinions that blasphemously the Papists vrge vs withall The obiections against our Diuines concerning Gods decree Obiect 1. That they make the will of God euill it may thus be pressed Voluntas mala dicitur a volitione mala volitio mala est quae fertur in obiectum non debitum obiectum non debitum est malum ergo volitio mala est qua quis vult malum qua vult malum fieri distinctly that will is euill whose act of willing is euill the act of willing is euil which is carried vpon an vnlawfull obiect Vellâ— ma … velle melur … 〈◊〉 sunt idem now an vnlawfull obiect is nothing but euill All this is laid vpon our Diuines to attribute it to God which seemes thus to be prooued He that wills sinne to bee or that it may fall out either whereby he may sport himselfe as Nero did when he had set Rome on fire or else that he may vse it for some good ende as he that bids a man take poyson that he may shew his art in curing him or another steale that he may couer the naked or feed the hungry is all one as to will the sinne it selfe The truth of this is thus cleared to will sinne to bee or exist or happen is all one with sinne it selfe For first what is the beeing of sinne but sinne it selfe what is the existence of sinne but that it exists from that beeing this existing or standing out of the causes of his beeing what is it but the euent so then as God wills sinne to bee exist or happen so he wills sinne it selfe God as he loues not sinne so he loues that sinne should not be exist or happen he wills againe that sinne should be exist and fall out for his glory with as good reason may he be said to will sinne for his glory so that no difference is or can be giuen betwixt the willing of sinne and sinne to be exist or fall out If it shall be resolued God wils non impedire peccatum sed permittere peccatum that is Distincta sunt 〈…〉 not to hinder and stop sinne but permit it to be this will not free the speech for these three things are distinct first to will sinne not to be that is to hinder it that it shall not bee secondly to will it to be or fall out thirdly to will to permit it or not to hinder it The two former are affirmatiue acts work for the willing or not willing of the thing the third is a negatiue act willing but not working this permission in willing is an act but in working a negation first not to hinder others in their libertie and power secondly not to helpe but yeeld the whole carriage of the sinne to themselues and their owne free wills yet hereby explorare to trie and prooue what they would doe and secondly vpon his euill doing to make way that for euill doing the Lord might doe well and become mans greater benefactor Againe to will sinne for a good end is no excuse of this euill non sunt facienda imo nec volenda mala vt eueniant bona we must not doe nay not so much as will euill Velle perpâ—â—rare that good might come thereof for the first sinne is to will the second to doe and he sinnes that wills euill though he does it not A third consideration to excuse the point is how sinne can be the obiect of Gods will Here it is said of our Diuines that sinne in his causes and circumstances 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 wholly considered hath a double respect one to man as sinne another to God decreeing it as good but this seemes also with a dry finger to be defaced it needs no washing for it washeth away it selfe seeing all Gods considerations of sinne are of sinne as it is sinne he permits it not as good but euill yet his permission is good he punisheth sinne as sinne he forbids it as sinne he forgiues it as sinne he decrees his permission and this comming betwixt sinne and Gods decree giues him libertie to produce what good he can out of it not qua bonum as good but as sinne and euill the reason is good euerie thing hath his best consideration according to his definition And thus much from Gods will to the obiect A second thing that they impose vpon our men is Contradiction put vpon Gods will that they make God in his will contradict himselfe to will sinne to bee and to will sinne
cognitione secondly in manifesting his desree it is done cognitione indirecta first generall in his creation for from his efficiencie and omnipotencie potuit he could reueale it hence in respect of himselfe being meere acts he could not haue any such attribute for potuit may be or could be can neuer be said of him that euer was actu therfore must it respect the things that may be may feele the act of God hence qua potuit efficit as he could bring them forth so he did it most effectually Now because omnipotencie and efficiencie respects both posse and efficere to be able and to doe Constanter verâ— sideliter and what God can doe and will doe that must he needs decree constantly truely and saithfully Now because this decree of God cannot but be brought to passe after the best way and manner therefore must he decree by counsell if by counsell then must the scope be prefixed therefore must the ende of it manifest his glorie therefore all his goodnesse therefore his vertues which are his attributes and if them then his iustice and mercie To doe by counsell is to haue some expresse forme of working the plot whereof makes euery thing agreeable to his counsell this plot seemes good vnto his wisedom and this the Lord wills and that with a most free will arbitrio iudicij libertate voluntatis wit and will Out of these grounds we easily answer the doubt Application to the doubt that God did neither omit or commit any thing in mans fall he did not omit for the rule was at hand and mans facultie to doe well was sufficient the concourse was not in man therefore did he omit denying the law that due respect that it challenged I told you before that neither the law alone nor the facultie alone was able to produce the act of obedience therefore the law alone could not do it not that it was an vnsufficient rule but because man would not practise this rule Now you know it is said to be impossible vnto the law not in regard of it selfe but in regard of vs that cannot concurre with it to that righteousnesse which it exacteth which we might haue done by creation For commission it is plaine that the Lord did no otherwise concurre with mans fall then the law did which you haue heard in explication of the causes of the first transgression was no causa perse but causa per accidens and therefore an vnblameable cause If man will rush against it what fault can he finde with the lawe if it doe mischiefe him Hee that takes a sword by the poynt is sure to wound himselfe which if he had taken by the handle might haue been vsed both for defence and offence But it is further replied the motion of man to finne followed Gods motion which was irresistable True it is the will of God is irresistable when it is opposed and therefore in resisting the will of God he followed an irresistable motion in opposing the law of God he suffered his owne ouerthrowe So that resistentia beeing only of enemies that suffer mutably and God beeing sine passione resistentia without passion or resistence and therefore cannot be resisted Then your meaning is this that man was a resolute enemie to sinning and fought with God about this action but God would haue man to sinne and so man should not resist But alas it was cleane contrarie Gods will was not to haue man to sinne and mans will was to sinne and therefore hee fought against Gods wil yet could he not resist Gods will or falsifie the least of his decrees Rom. How God concludes hiâ— mercy and iustice not ex prâ—uâ—sa fidâ— or ex pecâ—ato bâ—t from the promise which was his meere good will and pleasure 9.19 the conclusion in the 18. verse is the manifestation of Gods mercie and iustice by what argument you shal conceiue if you looke from the 6. verse it is drawne from contraries mans infidelitie and Gods fidelitie the infidelitie of man cannot frustrate the promise of God first because his promise is either generall or speciall generall as it respects the roote speciall as it respects the branches therefore hee saith all are not Israel that is the true liuing branches which are of Israel that is the root vnto which the promise was made it was made to Abraham it was made to Isaac c. Abraham the roote and some of the seede of this roote were indeed the seede of Abraham but yet in Isaac must the true seed be called this second promise is the effectuall promise which must stand v. 8. for there be some the children of the flesh hauing Abraham for their root but others are the children of God which haue God for their father and therefore must needs effectually be made partakers of the couenant and these say the Apostle are properly counted for the seed this hee shewes first because of the time appointed ver 9. secondly from the paritie of coÌ„ception Sarah had a sonne but the other was by her maide and therefore no maruell if God sanctified the true seed the other was bastardly borne yet v. 10. the matter was brought to more equall tearmes euen Rebecca she conceiued by one euen by our father Isaac therefore this conception would admit no exception for the parents Nothing either in the parents or children why God should purpose one to life the other to death but yet it may be the exception is to be made in the children themselues therefore v. 11. he proues Gods purpose to exclude all outward or inward considerations that might be found in them First from the constancy of his purpose that it might remaine secondly from the forme of his purpose according to election a setled decree thirdly from the eternitie of it yer the children were borne fourthly from the deniall of all causes out of himselfe first by an ennumeration either good or euill it was neither the goodnesse of Iacob nor the euill of Esau that caused the Lord to purpose any such thing secondly from the practise of good or euill done that distinction of facta and facienda of done or to bee done is idle for the fifth and last argument knocks it in the head which is drawne from the remotion of a false cause and the position or laying downe of the true cause not by workes generally done or to be done but by him that calleth if this be the true cause then say the other and you oppose Gods call for workes and Gods call be membra diuidentia therfore 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 such as cannot stand together This cause is proued to be the truth First by Gods oracle Gen. 25.23 the elder shall serue the younger this is against the ordinarie course of nature but God that calleth will haue it so Secondly from a testimonie Mal. 1.2.3 as it is written I haue loued Iacob and haue hated Esau that is I haue called Iacob to the feeling
though by their fall they became miferable and so might haue receiued mercie yet because they sinned against the holy Ghost their sinne was vnpardonable and vncapable of mercie Leaue we the Angels and come to men where more especiall communication is to be obserued from the diuine wisedome of God First Men set forth goodnes 〈◊〉 and mercy God did communicate with them infinite goodnes but it must be receiued by a rule of iustice Doe this and thou shalt liue and also a commination of the losse of it But if thou doe not thou shalt die the death here no man communicated with God in obseruing of the Law and therefore could there not be found in man any rewarding iustice as was found in the good Angels so that man was now for euer put out of the possession of happinesse by the Law of God and if euer he receiue this happinesse againe it must be by mercie O therefore for the loue of God you Papists consider this one thing That man is not now to be saued as the Angels are in heauen and therefore denie all your workes if it were for no more then Adams sinne for now will he haue it vnder the condition of mercie Man then hauing put himselfe out of Gods fauour and not by a sinne against the holy ghost may be receiued vnto mercie So here is a fit subiect for God to shew his goodnesse iustice and mercie and where he had decreed the manifestation of his mercie it shall appeare when he hath sent his Sonne gathered his Church and ingrafted euery faithfull soule into the mysticall bodie of this Sauiour Againe where he hath decreed the manifestation of his iustice it shall appeare in all those that are passed ouer of Christ and haue not his blood sprinkled vpon them This shall make all spirituall Egypt euen at the midnight of their miserie to crie out most lamentably but Israel shall then receiue the best Iewels costly attire and euery pretious thing that heart can wish I should follow Arminius in the rest but because I heare some other are about it that are worthie men I breake off for I confesse that I was drawne vnto it by considering how many runne after Arminius If the learned of the Land shall approoue this which I haue done and no others shall haue taken it in hand I will be readie to stand at their command to proceede in the rest And I can not but breake out to blesse and praise God that hath lately raised vp such worthie Bishops the true Defenders of the Orthodoxall truth and resolute enemies to all that oppose it I am at their command to stay or goe forward and if I haue slipped in any thing for I confesse my ignorance may soone draw me into error and error may plunge me in heresie it selfe I am willing to heare any and yeild presently but I hope it is the truth and then it will stand We haue great cause to bewaile the miseries of these wretched times in which Atheisme clouds of heresie worldly policie fasly so called beeing indeede little better then plaine villenie and temporizing haue like a canker fretted out the very heart of pietie they are but a few which seeke to search out the certaintie in matters of Religion or which care to haue established hearts and know precisely which is the true God Baal or the Lord. We had rather halt betweene two opinions that so we may be for all times then vndergoe the labour of gayning aduised resolution Some slippe into Poperie beeing lead captiue God in iustice sending them strong delusions by those false brethren which are priuily crept into euery corner through the remissenes of these euill times Others runne headlong to prophannesse and that which is of all other the worst luke-warmenes This brings in want of loue to the truth and want of this heresie so that we may well say except the Lord of hosts had reserued vnto vs euen a small remnant culling out as it were one of a citie and two of a Tribe as the shepheard taketh out of the mouth of a lyon two legges or a peece of an eare according to the election of grace we should long ere this haue beene as Sodome and like vnto Gomorrha we had bin as it is said of a cursed tongue a very world of wickednes And surely except the good Gouernours and Shepheards of our Land be vigilant and carefull we shall not so much haue the sheepe in the mouth of the lyon as the Shepheards themselues and then woe be to the flocke It is reported that Beza conferring with Arminius and seeing in his young yeares such ripenesse of wit brake out into these words Goe thy way for I am fully perswaded that thou wilt either prooue an excellent instrument of Gods Church or a most pestilent heretike which prophesie we see now come to passe God deliuer our Shepheards out of his mouth and establish them in soundnesse of doctrine that so the silly sheepe may not be deuoured by their owne Pastors Propositions 1 Gods will his glorie 2 His glorie is his goodnesse 3 His goodnesse is all his attributes 4 His attributes are his vertues 5 His vertues are intellectuall and morall 6 His morall vertues are his iustice and mercie 7 All these he wills absolutely 8 That which he wills he can doe 9 That which he can doe and wills that he decrees 10 That which he decrees is done by counsell 11 That which is done by counsell is wisely done 12 That which is wisely done is for some good ende 13 That which is for some good ende hath all good meanes 14 Creation is a good meanes of Gods ende 15 The world is made for Gods ende 16 Men and Angels are made for this ende 17 Angels shew forth his goodnesse and iustice 18 Men shew forth goodnesse iustice and mercie 19 Christ is a meanes to declare Gods mercie 20 Men onely receiue mercie from Christ 21 All out of Christ are iustly condemned 22 A iust condemnation is for sinne 23 All this God hath done 24 That which he hath done he could doe 25 From both these he decreed 26 That which he decreed he purposed 27 That which he purposed respected his glorie 28 His glorie was agreeable to his wisdome 29 That which agreed with his wisdome was good 30 That which was good he absolutely willed therefore he absolutely willed all these things Obserue that the end confists not in vse but in his goodnesse and fitnesse for vse the ende of an house is not habitation for that is after the house is made now the ende is before the making of the house and therefore that a house should be good fit for habitation that is the ende though the house it selfe were neuer inhabited The world was made for man yea and that before man was existent yet that goodnesse and fitnesse which respected man was put into the creature and should be brought forth after the creation of man
insight of the mercies of God in his Christ which are the onely ioy and confidence of our soules And thus much of Gods mercie CHAP. VI. Of Gods Iustice in generall THe second part of Gods holines Iustice is his Iustice contained in the consequent part of the sentence and is distributed into two adiuncts Power and Order Power in that God will be sure to iudge and Order in that he will take no hastie courses whereby all should be done in confusion Excellent is our God for first beeing a God almightie he is able to doe what he pleaseth with his creature but secondly obserue his order and euery one shall confesse that he is a God of excellent wisdome for things done in good method stoppe the mouthes of all Two men that put on armour and like bulls of Basan push the one at the other are not discommended for their power and strength but that beeing men they wanted wisdome to vse their strength aright and that is that they kept no good order and therefore such execution of iustice as this is condemned so that if our gratious King had no more arguments but this one in forbidding all Duells it were sufficient for graunt the exercise the power of iustice yet where is this order and good method that the Lord would haue obserued of all his seruants Aristotle hath vnfolded vnto vs in his Ethicks fiue intellectuall vertues which if they concurre not in all our actions they will prooue exceedingly defectiue First intelligence which giues information of the cause and the reasons of it secondly science which disposeth of euery necessarie truth in those reasons so that thereby he shall iudge his cause to be good or bad for vt intellectus habet se ad verum ad falsum sic voluntas ad bonum vel malum the vnderstanding goes before and iudges of truth and falshood and the will follows after and embraceth good or euill the third vertue is sapience seeing how he may diduct and draw out of the truths of science other necessarie truths which could not appeare but by the discourse of this third vertue the fourth prudence which is the fourth perfection of our actions when we doe all the former in good and comely order the fifth Art the highest degree of perfection when I doe all nimbly and very skilfully in knowing in iudging discoursing applying These men may haue the three first vertues but they are altogether destitute of the two last they may know that their cause is good and that both of them hath reason to complaine of iniurie for braue spirits can not rest without mutuall prouocations secondly they may know that disgrace of their persons is their shame and the losse of their good name which they esteem better then the most pretious oyntment that they inioy to be such an iniurie that it can deserue no lesse then some kind of trial and so in the third place discourse of it and conclude that therefore they will haue iustice executed that they may bee reuenged for their wrongs but alas when they come to apply all this their former knowledge they want prudence and so leap ouer the lists of iustice and breaking good order spoile the exercise of all artes For first they breake the rule of diuinitie in sinning against God by murther the rule of ethickes for fortitude and manhood is abused the rule of politickes for the common-wealth is iniured by losse of such persons as might haue been his pillars the rule of nature complaines that would haue himselfe preserued in all his subiects Indeed special nature for the good of generall nature will seeme to crosse himselfe the fire will descend and the water will ascend before they will suffer such a stranger as vacuitie to possesse any place among them So indeed nature would neuerbe offended if they would shed their blood for their countrie Nature will make the hand to offer it selfe to be cut off before the head receiue the blowe because nature is wise in order knowing that the head is to be preferred before any other member because it hath in it the greatest part of life The people can tell Dauid thou art better then ten thousand of vs and therefore no matter if we be all cut off to saue thy life Blessed is that kingdome that is not onely powerfull in iustice but that keeps good order in the execution Indeed many may say I will reprooue thee but alas how few say I will set thine offences in order before thee Many lie in prison for a sic volo sic iubeo stat pro ratione voluntas authoritie vrged by violence of passion spoyles all Magistrates Aristotle saies that the law ought to be like the primum sensorium which is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 so the law must sauour of no qualitie but his owne for then would it neuer iudge aright And as the lawe is so ought the Magistrate to be voide of all his owne passions let the law rule him as he meanes to rule the people and then should all be done in good order and we should not heare these lamentable complaints I am in prison but I knowe not for what cause and the Magistrate saies I shall lie there vntil my bones rotte For the mercies of God let vs be mooued betimes as well to set mens sinnes in order as vse our power in reproouing of them lest the Lord come and handle vs most roughly in the power of his iustice for this most hainous offence committed in diuiding iustice against it selfe So then the distribution lets vs see that the power of God is neuer without his wisedome but that the Lord workes in all things intelligenter scienter sapienter prudenter artificiosè plainly truely wisely prudently and skilfully The power of Gods iustice is laid downe in these words I will reprooue thee first the cause I the Lord which in the first verse styled my selfe the God of Gods euen the Lord from heauen in comparison aboue all and in dominion ouer all without comparison therefore a mightie iustice that hath so great a cause Secondly from the species or kind of it a reproofe therfore vindicatiue and reuenging iustice stronger then remuneratiue or rewarding iustice for here appeares ira furor excandescentia anger a displeasure of short continuance furie a short madnesse the third an inueterate hatred that alwaies smoakes against sinne that kindles hote coales hinc ira ex candore fierinesse full of brightnesse Thirdly the obiect thee the sinne and the person I am out of loue with both and therefore will I discouer thy sinne which I know thou aboue all men mayest not endure to heare of Secondly what thou thy selfe art both in deceiuing and beeing deceiued shal plainly be knowne therefore most powerfull iustice whose cause is Iehouah nature vengeance obiect the most secret sinne and most deceitfull person free from all the iudgement seats of men Sect. 1. Of the cause Observ 1. The great God
his posteritie who couenanted with God for vs as well as for himselfe for performance of obedience therefore he breaking we breake likewise by the law of inheritance he was our father we his heires he was the root of all mankind and we were in his loynes the manner is by imputation of the transgression and so consequently of blame guilt and punishment Originall sinne is conceiued in vs by our next parents and so goes a long to all posteritie bodie and soule are the excellent worke of God as if a skilfull workeman should make all the wheeles of a clocke verie artificially but being put into the hands of an vnskilfull prentice is so disorderly set together that one wheele cannot go aright so God the maker both of bodie and soule hath left them to our first parents and so consequently to our next parents to put them together who hauing lost their first standing with God are become not onely vnskilfull but also vncapable of any vertue to put together a man brought forth in the image of God for as this was onely Gods creation so must it againe be the new creation of God so that man and woman being not the causes of bodie and soule but of the procreation of a third thing riing from both may truly be said to beget a man according to their owne image and similitude Lastly it is true that euerie man shall beare his burden for actuall sinne is not conueyed in speciall but in generall so that euerie one shall answer for his owne actuall sinnes without hee followe his forefathers steps and then shall he be punished for both because he will needs haue both imputed vnto him the first by nature the second by imitation Therefore if man may see in this world thus much of Gods placing of sinne for this is but our obseruation what shal then this God of all order do when he shal not only set it forth but apply it to our hearts and consciences then shall we experimentally know the causes of all our mischeife the consequents in the guilt of conscience and the punishments both vpon soule and bodie so that that which is in this world both sinne and punishment shall be felt of vs in hell in no other regard but as punishment In this world we haue had some pleasure in sinne but in hell all shall be onely in torment the miseries of the body in this world haue vexed vs and the soule hath beene senslesse of punishment but in hell both bodie and soule shall haue exquisite sense of Gods anger wrath and vengeance and the soule shal then exceed in feeling And this is the setting of sinne in his place and order Reas 1. Because things must be separated Now methode alone is the true diuider of things and makes euerie one to rainne and hasten to his home we see how euerie creature maketh hast vntill he be come to the place in which alone he can rest sinne therefore which is frozen with many things that it ought neuer to haue touched and will not out of them because then he knowes not where to haue rest must needs beâ— disioyned els would all lie together in a confusion You see how cold congeales together water earth stickes stones and many disagreeing natures but when the fire comes it dissolueth and parteth them and maketh euerie one appeare in his nature So method finding men and their sinnes all on heapes disioynes them lets them see what is Gods what is their own But because men are blind and will see nothing God hath prepared hell fire to dissolue these frozen soules that they may see what a strange confusion they haue made of the workes of Gods hands by their owne Reas 2. Is perspicuitie and cleare knowledge The onely rule of perspicuitie is methode and therefore sinne beeing fullest of darkenesse had neede of the best helpe to make all cleare and euident especially seeing that sinne is one of the haters of light The darkenesse of the night opposeth the day and likewise the day the night wee see the morning expells the darkenesse and the appearance of the Sunne makes the shadowes of the night part away they that haue gotten themselues into holes and rockes must be pulled out off their dens by violence A theife or murtherer that hath gotten a hole fights like a beare and roares before men can drawe him into the open view of the world and he comes to Gods iudgement seat as beares vnto a stake They that haue seene villaines pulled out of their holes may marke them to look like fiends comming out of hell therfore great need of method that must cleare so hard causes as these are and bring all things vnto the light Reason 3. Iudgement which can not begiuen before euidence haue bin brought in and therfore must methode needs cleare all the bills and inditments that are to be brought in against wicked and euill doers that so iudgement may be truly and substantially deliuered Reason 4. Because of the consciences of wicked men which haue bin so long accustomed to sinne that they are so confufed that they can giue no euidence against the sinner therefore must the Lord needs vse his methode before conscience can any way assist the Lord in his iudgement Reason 5. Gods glory which must shine brightly out of all workes euen out of the workes of darkenesse which cannot be imagined without methode the glory of a stately building is not seen in the confused masse of it lying vpon the earth but when it is reared vp to the view of the whole world Reason 6. Multitude of offences now wee can doe nothing with multitudes vnlesse we bring them vnto some heads How should a iust account be taken of all sinne if the Lord should not summe them vp into some generall how should the general be prooued except the order of the specials might be seene how they were contained in the generall Reason 7. Quicke dispatch If truths were to be tryed by Syllogismes with the Lord it would be a long time before all arguments should be brought in and euery conclusion inferred Again much time would be spent in prouing of euery doubtfull proposition and great dispute might be held on this side and on that therefore the Lord will speedily finish all in an exact methode which is alwaies full of breuitie and perspicuitie Reason 8. Remembrance neither God nor man should be able to carry in mind the sinnes of the world but for methode we might wonder how the Lord should tel vs all that euer we haue done except it were for this rule of methode and man could neuer make any good account out of his broken crafie memory except the Lord by his own method should helpe him Methodus mater memoriae Vse 1. Reprehension first a confutation of the wicked that thinke as they haue done all in the darkenesse so the darknes shal couer them for euer but Psal 139.12 the darknes hideth not from
Sathan is a worker beside his owne peculiar manner of tempting which is possession or a more liberty and freedome to the tempted of sorrow and despaire and quicke dispatch of themselues For comfort of the godly I will instance a little in these lesser temptations and then I wil inlarge them to the wicked whose cause is desperate Of our owne natures spring the temptations which rise of the roote of originall sinne The spring and fountaine of all temptations without any forraine instigation from the world whatsoeuer is either a baite of pleasure or fright of terror which increase the actuall sinnes springing frō the originall roote and lay as it were compasse and powreth on water to that vngracious stock to make it grow the faster Now all these temptations are not of that dangerous nature that this is of here must we attend with patience the issue which not onely is certen but also shal come in the best time The corporall inhabiting of Sathan is the greatest fullest of terror and despaire that can befal the godly yet the historie of the deeds and sayings of Christ the writing of the Euangelists do testifie of whole legions dispossessed of that habitation by the power of Christ mercifully extended vpon such miserable captiues which examples serue against like times of affliction that we giue not ouer hope though millions of deuills should possesse vs within enuiron vs without but knowe his power to be aboue all force of the enemy and his mercie farre surmounting Sathans malice therefore Gods children haue no cause in this sort to feare nor haue any shadow of ground wheron they should resolue against themselues vpon the point of reprobation but that all these molestations and terrours which they now indure are temptations rather of their father for good and profit then grounded resolutions of such lamentable issue Againe The order of the deuill in drawing Gods elect into Atheisme and so on concerning his soule religion or faith for more praticular examination I find by daily experience that these are as well the operations of phansie from melancholie as of conscience for sinne that methode of which temptation I find for the most part to runne in this order First to call into question whether there be any God or no for melancholie is a disputing humor Secondly when reason hath mastered that then the second question is about the immortalitie of the soule When that again is conquered there enters a third question whether we professe the true religion or no. When that is expelled the fourth question that maketh the greatest tumult in the soule is whether wee haue any part or portion in that which it promiseth Here the deuill is exceeding busie for if this be resolued on he is wholly cast out and hath nothing further to trouble vs withall Any of the former doubts would haue sunke our soules for if no God then why should I abstaine from my sinfull pleasures If againe no refurrection then why should I vexe my selfe in this world If my religion be false then must I haue a new twenty to one but I change amisse and therfore I wil be of no religion but when I shall begin to thinke I haue no faith in Gods promises Whether melancholie be the affliction of conscience then alas what shall comfort me Therefore consider these questions first whether the conscience of sinne and the afflictions thereof be melancholy or not secondly what is the differēce thirdly the afflictions of mind to what persons they befall and by what meanes fourthly what may be the consolation And so from this setting before the eies of the conscience only in appearance I will proceed to the reall and that which the Lord will do to the hypocrite in this place For the first Difference betwixt them the affliction of conscience is quite another thing then melancholy as may appeare out of the second question by the differences First in the causes 1. Causes the one is a meere fancie without all true and iust ground and is onely raised vpon disorder or humour in the fancie and rashly deliuered to the heart which vpon naturall credulitie fareth in passion as if it were indeede whereof the fancie giueth a false alarum But the other is a sorrow and feare vpon cause and that the greatest cause that worketh miserie vnto man Secondly 2. Effects in the effects In that of conscience the bodie is ofttimes in firme state of health perfect in complexion and perfect in shape and all symmetrie of his parts the humours in quantity qualitie not exceeding nor wanting their naturall proportion but in the other the complexion is depraued obstructions spoile the course of humour and spirit whereby the blood becomes ouer-grosse thicke and impure and nature so disordered that diuerse melancholike persons haue iudged themselues strange creatures as historie will plainly record Thirdly 3. Subiect in the subiect The senses in the other both inward and outward are ofttimes perfect the imagination sound the heart wel compact and resolute and this excepted want no courage but in the other both inward sense and outward are too feebled the fancie ouertaken with ghastly fumes of melancholy and the whole force of the spirit closed vp in the dungeon of melancholy darkenesse imagineth all darke blacke and full of feare their hearts are either ouertender and reare and so easily admit the passion or ouer close of nature serue more easily to imprison the cheerefull spirit the causes of comfort to the rest of the body Hence they are faint hearted without occasion onely driuen with the tide of that humour to feare euen in the middest of securitie 4 From the originall Fourthly they differ in the fountaine and originall of them the one begins in the minds apprehension the other in the distempered humour which deluding the organicall actions abuseth the mind and draweth it into erroneous iudgement 5 Cure through false testimonie of the outward report Fiftly in the meanes of cure the one is helped by no medicine no purgation no cordiall or balme except the balme of Gilead are able to assure the afflicted soule trembling heart panting vnder the terrors of God hell death and damnation But in melancholy passions the vaine opened neesing powder or Bearefoot ministred to expell the fumes in the braine cordialls of pearle saphyres and rubies with such like recomfort the heart throwne downe and appaled with phantasticall feare 6. End Sixtly they differ in the ende in the one the perill is not of bodie and corporall actions but of foule and bodie to be cut off from the life of God from the sweet influence of his fauour the fountaine of all happinesse and eternall felicitie Here then the cause is the seueritie of Gods iudgement summoning the guiltie conscience the subiect is the sinfull soule apprehending the terror thereof which is for euer and euer the issue is eternall punishment satisfactorie to
the iustice of the eternal God which is endlesse and whose seueritie admitteth no mediation and this extends not to one ioynt sinew or vanie but to all neither that of the bodie onely but of the soule whose nature as it is impatible of all other things in greatest peace assurance and tranquilitie so beeing once shaken by the terrours of Gods wrath and blasted with the whirlewind of his displeasure it faileth and with it driueth the whole frame of nature into extreame miserie and vtter confusion The other hath for his cause a dry and cold humour whose subiect especially is the spleen swolne vp with windines and hardnesse vnder the left ribbes the consequents are the hemeroydes not flowing blacknesse and grossenesse of blood fearefull dreames solitarinesse sadnesse And therefore those are to be condemned which make the terrors of conscience nothing but melancholie and thereby labour to benumme the sense of that sting which sinne euer carrieth in the tayle and turne men to their vsuall pleasures and so delude the foole and simple in his waies skilfull to doe euill sottish in the pathes of righteousnesse and vtterly ignorant of her rule and wherein nature giueth some sparke of light more distinctly to discerne yet they turne them out of the way and make them like to stubborn and vnbroken horses shaking off reason despising her mannage and layeth the noble rider in the dust these be Salomons fooles that follow wickednes Like an oxe that goeth to the slaughter and as a foole that goeth to the stockes for correction and as a bird hasteth to the snare not knowing that he is in danger But beside these another sort are iustly taxed euen the Physitians themselues who when their patients come vnto them for physicke and they spie out their disease to be melancholy aske them vnder what minister they liue if they mention some conscionable man that deals truely with mens soules giue the parties counsell not to heare them but get from them as farre as they can Alas are not these distinct diseases and therefore what wretched persons are those that labour to turne a disease that is not vnto death into one that is both the death of bodie and soule For more particular differences consider That whensoeuer the mind according to these ingrauen lawes of nature which no man is voide of be he neuer so barbarous raiseth any molestation directly it is no fancy but a case of conscience The verie testominie of the heathen doth sufficiently witnes this point whose Poets according to their receiued opinions haue fained Hecates Eumenides and the infernall furies whose force Seneca in his tragedie of Hercules furens hath most liuely expressed These indeed are but fained persons yet the matter vnder this maske is serious true and of wofull experience This was Cains marke the spirit that possessed Saul Iudas the traytour by this wound tooke the reuenge of betraying the innocent vpon himselfe with his owne hands such was the anguish that Esau felt when he found no repentance after he had sold his birthright for a messe of pottage and such is the state of all defiled coÌ„sciences with hainous crimes whose hearts are neuer free from the worme but with deadly bite thereof are driuen to despaire This may the more plainely appeare if we consider how the soule may suffer of the body in life sense and motion The body is a great troubler of the soule not in his being but in his actions hence may he cause madnesse strange imaginations sudden feares dolefull apparitions feeblenesse of bodie and want of heart in the performance of any action but the mind will of man are of such excellency and perfection that they are not directly patible of any thing but of God alone that made them so standeth both mind and will in awe of none but of him neither admit they any other violence then from him into whose hands it is most terrible to fall No calamity comparable to the distresse of conscience All diseases of the bodie may haue some medicine either to cure them or to mitigate asswage their paine for all sores Chirurgie hath a salue freinds helpe pouertie there is no imprisonment but there is hope of libertie suite and fauour recouer a man from banishment authoritie and time weare out reproch But what physick cureth what chirurgerie salueth what riches ransome what countenance beareth out what authoritie asswageth what fauour releeueth these troubles yea if all should band themselues together in league though they would conspire a confederacie yet could they not preuaile If our assistance were an host of armed men if our freinds were princes and gouernours of the world if our possessions were as large as East and West if our meat were manna froÌ„ heauen if euery day like the day of Christs resurrection if our apparel as costly as Aarons Ephod yet al these would little comfort vs. This causeth such distresse vnto those that feele the torment hereof that they would redeeme it gladly if it were possible with the verie losse of their liues which often they assay to doe that this might off their stomach they would be content if it were possible to suffer all other kinds of miserie at the verie selfe same time This giues no warning as the diseases of the body doe for in them we find the head beginne to ake or stomach trouble vs lassitude of body remoovâ—d of sleep want of appetite to our meat but this taketh of a suddain like lightning and giueth no warning Here the purity of the blood and the sincerity and liuelines of the spirits auaile nothing to mitigate the paine it drieth vp the blood wasteth the marow pineth the flesh consumeth the bones makes pleasure painefull shortens life no wisedome can counsell it no counsell can aduise it no aduisment asswage it no asswagement cure it no eloquence perswade it no power ouercome it no scepter affray it no inchanter charme it A man languishing in sicknes as long as he is heart-whole he hath hope of recouery he that is in reproach among men and yet can remember that he is in fauour with God will not much care for the shame of the world he that is banished out of his owne country and yet remembreth that he is a citizen of the kingdom of heauen will not be ouermuch grieued but the wound of conscience is so deadly that he dare not sue vnto him that should be the only physitian of it because he thinks that he is his onely enemie Alas who dare meet with the Lord of hosts who can put to silence the voyce of desperation who will make an agreement with the hells of conscience what compact with the deuill In all other afflictions there is some comfort against sinne but this is alwaies accompanied with the accusation of sin this breeds hurliburlies in men that when it is day he wisheth for night when night for day his meat doth not nourish him his dreames terrifie him
his sleepe forsakes him when he speakes he is little bettes when he keeps silence he boyles in disquietnes the light doth not comfort him and the darknes doth terrifie him All other afflictions are tolerable because temporall and pursue but to death yet this beeing not â—uâ—ed endeth not in death Mens lawes transgressed may be helped by bribing of the magistrate or if the offence be capitall that there can be no pleading for him yet he may flie his country and so escape but God will not be bribed neither is there any flying from his presence Psal 139. nay alas we shall neede no seeking out we shal neede no apparitor to summon vs no baylâ—ffe to fetch vs no accuser to giue in euidence against vs sinne it selfe will arrest vs for he lieth at the doore our conscience will impanell a quest against vs our hearts will giue in sufficient euidence to conuict vs and our owne iniquities will plead guiltie to our faces This made the heathen to kill themselues thinking death to be an end of all miserie and thus like fond fishes they leape out of the pan into the fire out of the hell of their consciences into hell it selfe Let them doe the best they can get them to merrie companie laugh their sinnes out of countenance yet let them know that with Nero they may change their chamber but their chamber-fellow shall neuer leaue them They may sacrifice vnto the Lord humble themselues weepe with Esau confesse with Iudas lay hold on the hornes of the altar to mitigate their paine but onely the expiatorie sacrifice of the immaculate lamb is able to giue them rest and quietnes of soule Indeede this distresse of conscience soone becommeth melancholike vile and base turneth reason into foolishnes and disgraceth the beautie of the countenance How conscience may disiguâ—e the body and transformeth the stoutest Nebuchadnezzer becomes a beast so easily is the bodie subiect to alteration of minde and soone looseth with anguish and distraction thereof all the support of his excellencie In melancholie the heart is troubled with vaine seares vpon euery small obiect the very eye by a false apparition may strike him the eares with the imagination of euery voice sounding may dolefully appale him a very touch may make him startle and many such like troubles which are whelps of that melancholie litter bred of that corrupted state of bodie altered in spirit in blood in substance and complexion This may increase the terrour of the afflicted minde double the feare and discouragement How distemper of body may increase this wound and hinder all cure by counsell and aduise and shut vp all meanes of consolation for it must enter by the senses to the minde Now the instruments of sense beeing altered by the humour and their sinceritie stained with the obscure and darke spots of melancholie receiue not indifferently the medicine of consolation As the braine the original and fountaine of all sense and motion is thus euilly disposed so the heart the cherisher and refresher of our nature beeing in no better case and acquainted with terror and ouerthrowne with that searefull passion imptisoneth the spirits contracts it selfe and hardly yeilds to perswasion of comfort whatsoeuer it bringeth of assurance For though the griefe strike down at the first respecting no time place person condition or opportunitie of working but breaketh through all such considerations and beareth downe all resistance yet the comfort requireth them all and the missing of one makes the affliction to be long and hard in the cure The Comforters person his manner of handling the patient the time and place of performance with the braine and heart which are as the gates and entrance vnto the soule may hinder or aide the consolation No distemper can hinder the inward comfort of Gods grace But all this is to be vnderstood of outward meanes for the inward meanes to wit the grace of God and his mercie his comfortable spirit and gratious fauour in like swiftnes without meanes may restore the minde thus distressed which lieth open equally to the kind of cure euen as it lay to the wound Therfore seeing the body workes nothing vpon the mind altogether impatible of euery beeing sauing of God alone and secondly that the efficient can do it without helpe of the bodie and thirdly that the comfort is not procured by any corporall instrument nor the discomfort directly procured by the same lastly because all is done by causes in subiects nothing corporall and producing effects of an other nature then corporall it must needes bee concluded that there is great difference betwixt these two troubles The punishment of bodily racking is not the passion of the heart but a cause of it so that racking of the soule by sinne is not a melancholie passion but yet may it cause it and therefore makes the distinction not so cleare for oftentimes the symptome of a disease is taken for the disease it selfe The affliction of mind The persons which are hable to this sorrow to what persons it falleth and by what meanes is thus to bee resolued All men are subiect to this by reason of our fall the breach of Gods lawe and the wrath of God that followeth thereupon yet of all sorts of men melancholie persons are most subiect vnto it not from the humour but because he is most doubtfull and iealous of his estate for life temporall and life spirituall For temporall physitians and apothecaries shops will beare sufficient witnes for if they be able to walk we find them for the most part in these places And I would to God they were as readie for their spirituall life to bee with Gods spirituall physitians and in the shops of the true balme of Gilead By experience we find that when they beginne to examine how their actions answer the naturall and written line of righteousnesse and wanting the arch-pillar of faith and assurance in Christ Iesus our hope presently feele the very anguish due vnto sinners and in that most miserable condition fall into flat despaire The manner how this is done is when the curious melancholie person carrieth his mind into the senses of such mysteries How it befalls them as exceed humane capacitie and is desirous to knowe more then is reuealed in the word of truth and yet being ignorant of that which is reuealed he suddenly falls into the gulfe of Gods secret counsells which swalloweth vp all conceit of man or angel and measuring the truth of such depths by the shallow modell of his own wit is caught and deuoured of that which his presumptuous curiositie mooued him to attempt to apprehend Of this we haue a memorable example of a vertuous gentlewoman in this land who was carried along in this course doubting verie often of her saluation and making her case known vnto a worthy minister of God he often couÌ„felled her to take heede of inquiries further then Gods word and trust assuredly that shee might