celeusmaticuâ— ex quatuor breuibuâ— pro dactylo or rather by a Synâ—resis reice capellas * Cast away viz driue far away thy litle goates seeding or pasturing * I my selfe ‖ Euery one ‖ Spring * Shall be * Ye boyes ‖ The scorching heate of the mid day * Catch before * Presse hard in vaine in milking their paps with the palmes of our bands * Alas how leane a bull is to me in fat pulse or in a fat field or ranke pasture b Arâ—o some reade erâ—o Erâ—um is a kind of pulse good to fat cattell in a short space * A destruction * To the maister of the cattell * Neither certainly loue is the cause * To these sheepe viz. loue is not the cause of their lâ—nnesse * Their skins scarce cleaue to their bones for lacke of flesh * I know not ‖ What witch with her malicious eie * Bewitcheth my tender lambes to me c This is vnderstood of a chimney and thus propounded to make it more darke * Earths or lands or grounds ‖ Compasse of heauen viz. the heauen * Lieth open or extends it selfe three elnes ‖ And I will esteeme of thee as of the oracle of Apollo d Apollo had principally the power of diuining and declaring obscure matters e By the flowers are thought to be meant Hyacinthus or the red lilly so named of Hyacinthus being slaine turned into a flower of his name hauing as it were the first letter of his name written vpon â—t whereof we may see the fable in the 10. book of Ouâ—ds Met. For both these riddles see Ramus comment * Written on or intituled according to the names of kings viz. wherein are written names of kings ‖ And then if thou tell me this take thee Phyllis as thine owne for whom we contended before * And thou alone haue Phyllis * It is not of vs viz. in our power or abilitiâ— Al. Thus some take the speech to be diuided after Non nostrum inter vos c. Al. No it is not your office but it is ours to compose so great controuersies viz. I to end so great a contentioÌ„ ‖ In my iudgement both of you haue deserued the heifer viz. the wager first offered Palemon speaking of being afraid of sweete loue seemes to aliude to those verses of Menalcas Dulce satis humor c. and to speake it for Menalcas cause and of the bâ—ter loue for Dametas who had said Trisâ—e â—upus stabulis * Either shall feare sweete loues or shall trie by experience bitter loues * Ye boyes shut now your * riuers c. viz. we haue had sport enough now make an end * A sonne is borne to Asinius Pollio Captaine of the Germaine armie the same yeare in which he conquered Salone a citie of Dalmatia whom he called Saloninus from the name of the citie taken a Those things which Sibyl prophecied concerning Christ Virgil turneth and applieth to Saloninus Pollios sonne now borne and to the felicitie of Augustus gouernment * The Poet singeth a Genethliacum to him viz. maketh a Poeme of his natiuitie and future hopes in this Eclogue wresting thither those things which Sibyl had sung of the future felicitie of the golden age ‖ Incidently or vpon occasion ‖ Intermingleth or putteth betweene here and there ‖ Father of Salonicus * Of Augustus himselfe ‖ Ye Muses or ye Goddesses of Sicilâ— viz. of Theocritus b Sicelides casus graecanicus pro Sicilienses * Let vs sing greater things by a litle viz. let vs handle an argument somewhat more stately or loftie then our Pasiorals and so writteÌ„ in a stile somewhat more loftie as two other Eclogues are * Groues of trees or thickets or busheâ— and shrubs viz. verses of such base matters * Wilde Tamariske ‖ All are not delighted in such base matters as our pastorall songs are * All men ‖ Our pastorals * May be worthy of a Consull viz. not vnmeete or vnbeseeming a Consull c The iron age wherof Sibyl the Prophetesse of Cuma writ long before is now come and gone * Of the Cumean verse or song viz. wherof Sibyl of Cuma writ in verse or foretold * Hath come now and is as it were past d The foure ages of the world which Sibyl is said to haue set out by foure kind of mettals viz the golden siluer brazen and iron age wherof see Ouid in his Metamorphosis are now beginning again * Is borne from the whole viz. is begun or restored againe anew as it was from the very first beginning of the world or is renewed e Now viz. now that Saloninus is borne * The virgin also doth returne to the earth to wit iustice being banished long before and gone to heaueÌ„ f Virgo by virgo here may seem to be meant the virgin Maâ— bearing our Sauior thogh the Poet take it for Erigone or Astraea which as the Poets faine was the last of these which went to heauen being placed among the hea uenly signes * Kingdomes returne viz. the golden age wherin Saturne first reigned * Now that new progenie viz. whereof Sibyl spake is sent downe from the high heauen ‖ Issue ‖ From God g Lucina Diana who is therfore named Lucina because she and Iuno are said to bring forth the birth into the light ‖ Preserue * The child being now in the birth or to be now presently borne * Who being safely borne or who liuing and being in safâ—tie * Nation or people shall end first * Shall arise in the whole world ‖ Caesar Augustus the true Apollo of this age h By Apollo he meaneth Augustus the Emperour who was as it were the Apollo of that age hauing then the chiefe Empire of all the world Or because he was thought to be descended from Apollo Apollo and Diana being the children of Iupiter by Latona ‖ And thus * This renowne or honour of the age viz. this golden age ‖ Shall first begin * Thee being Consull I say thee being Consull i By the great moneths are either meant Iuly and August which before were called Quintilis and Sextilis and had not yet taken their names of Iulius and Augustus to maintaine the memorie in their names or else thereby are vnderstood the moneths of the great yeare wherein all the starres should returne to their first placing or constitution * To proceed or go forward * Thee being Captaine or guide * Footsteps tracks or traces or remainders ‖ Of the ciuill warres by Augustus viz. the punishments and plagues due vnto vs for our former wickednes * Made voide or frustrate viz. purged ‖ Deliuer all nations ‖ From feare of vengeance which was continuall before * He viz. Augustus or Saloninus Pollios sonne ‖ Liue as a God or be made a God ‖ Worthy Nobles of Rome * Mixed or mingled with the Gods * And he himselfe shall be seene to them k This he vnderstandeth of Augustus Caesar that he should
or vpon their legs Syn. viz. loaden with hony or waxe made of iuyce suckt out of thyme and other flowers ‖ They feed or get their liuing or prouision all abroad So vpon saffron The linden trees * The seruice trees or crab trees The flower of the red Hyacinthus and all other sweete flowers * Greenish or gray sallowes which we call palme trees on which bees vse to lie very much ‖ Of Casia see before * Fat tilly * The Hâ—acinth of a blacke red colour like iron of the flower so called or red purple lilly see before Ecl. 3. q Here he still goeth along and to declare by the way what a com munitie they haue in labouring and resting together and so likewise in sleepe and watching That all of them rest together and all of them labour together that there seemes to be but one rest and one worke vnto them all * Of works to all viz. they all rest from their labour together and they all worke together * They rush forth of the gates early in the morning delay is no where againe when as the euening starre hath admonished the same bees depart at length How in the morning they rush out of their gates all together to worke and so continue in labouring all the day till the euening admonish them to depart home ‖ From seeking their prouision * They seeke their roofes viz. they returne to their â—iues And then returne and so refresh their wearie limâ— * Then do they care for their bodies How at that time when they are got into the hiue there is made a great humming noise by one of them flying about the hiue who by her sound coÌ„mandeth all to take their rest ‖ There is made a sound or noise viz. by one of them flying about by her humming commanding all to take their rest ‖ Do generally make a great noise * Vtmost parts viz. outsides and thresholds * Composed viz betaken themselues to rest So that after when they haue all reposed themselues there is a great silence among them that no stirring or noise is heard all the night ‖ There is no noise all the night * Into viz. for or through the whole night * The owne sleepe of euery bee occupieth cÌ„ viz. euery bee refresheth their weary lims by their sleepe Thus euery one with rest and sleepe doth recreate it selfe * Wearied ioynts r Here is repeated their foreknowledge of the weather and what they do therein That if it be like to be rainie or windie they wil not flie farre from their hiues ‖ But they do not depart or flie abroad farre * Go backe longer from their stalls viz. go farre off from home * Raine hanging ouer viz. if there be any raine presently toward * Or do they trust the heauen or skie viz they dare not commit themselues vnto the aire to flie abroad * The Easterne windes approching or comming neare viz. when it will be wind But they will seeke water neare them round about ‖ They drinke or fetch water * Being safe ‖ On euery side And flie no further abroad then they may get home before the storme * And they trie or assay short excursions flights walks or iourneys viz. to go no further then they may get home before the storme Or if they be ouertaken by the windes they vse to take vp litle stones to peize and carry themselues euen and steadily like as floating boates do take vp balasse viz. do lâ—ade themselues with land or grauell in a rough water to preserue them safe and to go the better euen so do they take vp these litle stones to beare themselues euen through the emptie aire * Vnstable or wauering boates or barges Saburra is the lastage or balasse wherewith ships are poized to make them go vpright as grosse sand grauell or the like * The floud viz. tide or surges tossing and so putting the ship in danger * They peise themselues viz. make themselues weightie to go steadily * Clouds or darke weather s Next hereunto the Poet declareth the maner of the breeding of bees * That maner to haue pleased viz. that that custome hath so pleased or that they are delighted with such a kind of procreation * Delight in companying together for the cause of generation viz. take delight in ingendring That they are not bred by ingendring aâ— most other liuing creatures are ‖ Idle or sluggish do loose c. or dissolâ—e viz. spend or weaken their bodies with lust * Venus Or haue any lust * Or do bring foorth their yong ones with painfull endeuour or enforcement as most other creatures Neither bring forth their yong with paine or inforcement ‖ Chuse But that they gather their yong ones with their mouthes from sweet flowers herbes as they gather their hony * Sonnes viz. broed ‖ Mouthes * Suffice viz. supply or chuse a new king And that hence they prouide their king make supply of their stockes and establish their kingdomes * And their litle Romanes viz yong to succeed in the place of the old * Festen againe or set vp * Common hall◠‖ Hiâ—es or combes made â—hiefly of waxe t In this place is repeated the painfulnesse diligence of these bees * They haue worne viz. rubd or worne away That they oft times weare their wings in earnest flying amongst stones rocks and oft die vnder their burdes * Erring farre away or 〈◊〉 in hard whetstones viz. rockes or clefts out of which whetstones are made amongst which they flie The cause whereof is brought in by an Epiphonema for that they haue so great a loue of flowers and take such glorie in making hony * Haue giuen vp their soule viz. haue died or as we speake of men haue yeelded vp the ghost ‖ Loade * Their loue of flowers is so great and their glorie or pride of making hony iâ— so great viz. they take such a delight in it u Here likewise is interposed the age of bees and how long they liue * Therefore albeit the terme of a narrow age receiue them viz. although the age of bees be but short That they liue but a small time not aboue seuen yeares commonly which is much too considering their industrie yet their stocke if they be well looked to and so the prosperous state and honour of their houses remains almost immortall viz. for many yeares that the owners of them may recken the grandfathers great grandsires of them * For neither more then a seuenth Summer is led of them ‖ Their race and progenie do not decay vtterly ‖ The state or prosperitie of them being carefully looked into abides very long * Stands by many yeares ‖ A man may number their progeny for many descents x Vnto the natures of the bees the Poet addeth here their obseruance and honour towards their kings which he illustrates by comparisons froÌ„ some dissimilitudes and sundrie effects The dissimilitudes are
〈…〉 BOOKE 〈…〉 concerning the 〈◊〉 and ordering of 〈◊〉 Translated Gramatically and also according to the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of our English tongue so farre as Grammar and the verse will well permit Written chiefly for the good of Schooles to be used according to the directions in the Preface to the 〈◊〉 of Schoole 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 in the book called 〈◊〉 Learning or the Grammar schoole Chap. 8. London Printed by Richard 〈◊〉 for Thomas Man dwelling at the signe of the 〈◊〉 in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 16â—0 TO THE RIGHT NOBLE AND WORTHY KNIGHT SIR GEORGE HASTINGS brother to the right Honorable the Earle of Huntingdon SIR BOoks haue euer sought out the fittest Patrons Thinking seriously with my selfe who might most iustly challenge the dedication of this labour at my hands which I trust shall euer bring some light and comfort to our Grammar Schooles I could finde none to haue thereunto a better title then your self Sith God hath indeed made you a worthy light for the sound loue and true aduancement of vertue and good learning and that euen from your tender yeares In as much as you contrary to the course of the greatest part of the flower of the Nobilitie and Gentrie of our age haue addicted your selfe vnto your studies for the good I trust both of the Church and Commonwealth in stead of following the excessiue pleasures of the time and haue moreouer in a singular maner manifested your affection towards them both and towards all good learning to that end Whenas out of that maintenance which in regard of your high birth and noble line might seeme farre too little for your selfe you haue yet separated and consecrated as your first fruites a portion thereof vnto the Lord towards the maintaining of sundry poore schollers in the Vniuersitie by whom his glorie may be aduanced and the good of his people perpetually procured Concerning which let me craue pardon of you good Sir and beare the blame that though contrary to your minde I yet still desire as I ought that memorable loue of yours to be knowne for the good ensample and prouoking of many others to the like wherein one day they should finde a thousand times more comfort doing it with vpright hearts then in all that they shall bestow not onely in the ouerhote pursuite of their vaine pleasures and delights but euen in sundry other kindes which make the fairest shew As my selfe am euer bound in all places to acknowledge those great respects which I iustly owe vnto your selfe and that right noble house for my selfe and mine so I hope our God will enable vs to seek euermore to be answerable thereunto as his Maiesty shall vouchsafe vs fit opportunities What is wanting in vs his goodnesse I trust will fully recompence that you may be euer honoured walking with him in this world and liuing with him in blessednesse for euer in the heauens And in this earnest desire with my heartie prayers incessantly for you that God may make you to increase daily in all true honour I commend you to his heauenly grace resting Yours euer most bounden IOHN BRINSLEY A plaine Direction to the painfull Schoolemaister and others for the most profitable vse of this and the like Grammaticall translations TO the end that all Schollers may find the seuerall benefites of these translations mentioned in my Grammar-schoole not onely for sound vnderstanding true construing parsing getting without booke making and prouing the same Latin speedy turning either into prose or verse but also for growth in our English tongue together with the Latin and principally for causing Schollers to study of themselues and to prepare their lectures at home to bring them more perfectly and keep them more surely and all this with very much certaintie pleasure and ease both to maister and scholler I finde this course most readie 1. Cause euery one to be well acquainted with their Grammar rules and especially to be perfect in the rule of construing that they may euer follow that direction 2. Because the greatest part in euery Forme are commonly of the duller sort of wits and more negligent and also hardlier drawne to take paines at home vnlesse they euidently see the way how they may do it with some delight cause some pregnant scholler of their owne Forme or of some higher to reade them their lecture ouernight onely construing it ouer once or twice and shewing them the hard words and phrases briefly 3. Direct them either to trie first how they are able to construe of themselues and finde out a reason of euery thing why it must be so construed and after to compare and trie that which they haue done by the translation On else if they haue not sufficient leisure and that they would do it speedily or be not so well able to do it of themselues direct them to reade ouer the translation once or twice first that they may fully vnderstand the matter whereby all the construing will be made most easie and then aduise them to examine carefully by themselues the reason of the whole construction And so for parsing euery thing in the same order as they construe for these two so depend one vpon another that they cannot be separated In a word cause them so to studie their lectures out of the Latine books and the translation together that they may be able with their book vnder their arme to deliuer and pronounce the whole lecture either Latine or English alone so also to construe and parse without booke to deliuer their lectures either in the plaine Grammar order or more elegantly and so to giue varietie of phrase and whatsoeuer is obserued in the translation 4. Be carefull that they take not ouermuch at a time and then so many of them as are apt and painful wil the next day at any time within an houres space giuen them to meditate be able to deliuer their lecture so as I said viz. pronouncing it without booke both in Latine and English construe and parse without booke giue varietie of English phrase and whatsoeuer can be required for the vnderstanding and knowledge of euery word Hereby also they will be able to keepe all that they haue learned not onely to repeate each weekes worke most perfectly vpon the friday but also their whole quarters worke at each quarters end if they vse to repeate it now and then and so to keepe their authors for euery vse far more perfectly then by any other meanes For these Eclogues and the booke de Apibus I haue made choise of them to translate thus as being the most familiar of all Virgils workes and fittest for childrens capacities and in some of them I haue made a plaine Analysis or resolution for the more easie and full vnderstanding thereof as namely of the first and last Eclogues and so of that excellent booke of the gouernment and ordering of Bees which is able to draw the very wisest into an admiration for their policie and the rare workes of God apparent in
them The resolution of the rest I haue omitted as being for the most part but heardmens talke or the matter not so fit and so the translation of the latter part of the sixi Eclogue In the first Eclogue I haue giuen a litle taste of the Rhetoricke in Tropes and figures for the rest I referre to M. Butlers Rhetoricke M. Farâ—abies tropes and figures and to Râ—mus Commentarie The Eclogues being select Poemes I would haue pronounced most exactly as namely the 1. 3. 5. 7. c. like as Tullies Paradoxes and some choise Orations for patternes of Theames and Orations for that they may be most not able helps to an excellent proâ—ciation which is a principall ornament to all learning and will bring the schollers much estimation with others and delight in themselues I haue onely proceeded thus farre in translating being fully assured vpon certaine experience that children first entred well in Grammar and hauing gone through but those parts of the authors which I haue thus translated will be able by Gods blessing if they proceed in a right order to take their lectures of themselues at least with very litle assistance in all the rest of Virgil and the higher Latin authors by the meanes of the worthy Commentaries and other helpes which the Lord hath in this last age prouided aboue all former times As for that feare of making truants by these translations which conceit arose meerly vpon the abuse of other translations neuer intended for this end I hope that happie experience in this kind will in time driue it and all like to it vtterly out of schooles and out of the minds of all Sith for my selfe by the meanes hereof I finde the cleane contrary in causing my schollers to giue a reason of euery thing why it must be so and also almost double profit to that which I could otherwise And finally for that I can hereby teach manyâ— then I could without and cause euery one of them which are any thing diligent and apt to render an account of that which he learnes from quarter to quarter continually and all with much ease and pleasure to my selfe delight and contention among themselues and great contentation to their friends Trie aright and then giue your sentence The comforts which my selfe haue found herein without any of the furnised inconueniences and the same approued and confirmed by many learned do make me confident to desire to commend them to all For all other obiections I haue answered theÌ„ at 〈◊〉 in my Grammar schoole Experience I trust will fully satisfie all sorts in time Though the slips in this as in the rest be very many the difficultie of the labour to obserue duly all the directions both for GraÌ„mar proprietie puritie and otherwise as whosâ—euer makes triall will soone perceiue and also my continuall employment may pleade for me desiring if the Lord vouchsafe that fauour to refine them all like as I hope that he who hath thus far proceeded will for his owne glory and the good of his people perfect the whole worke in his due time Whereunto crauing thy loue and prayers I 〈◊〉 thee 〈◊〉 his grace and rest thiâ— in what his goodnes shal vâ—chsafe vnto me I. B. THE BVCOLICKS OF PVBLIVS VIRGILIVS MARO The first Eclogue which is named Tityrus THE ARGVMENT MElibeus a sheepheard vnder whose name we here vnderstand any sheepheard of Mantua being driuen out of his bounds by an old souldier bewaileth his calamitie in this Eclog aggrauates his miseries by comparing them with the felicitie of Tityrus his neighbour Tityrus contrarily who represents the person of Virgil being now secure hauing recouered his possessions extols Augustus the author of his quietnesse with admirable praises euen vnto heauen Towards the end of the Eclogue it being now nere night he inuites Melibeus to his house with a kind of rurall curtesie THE FIRST ECLOGVE which is called TITYRVS The speakers are Melibeus and Tityrus Melibeus TItyrus thou lying all along vnder the couert of the broade beech tree Doest deuise a wood-land song vpon a slender oaten pipe We leaue the bounds of our countrey and our sweet fields We flie our countrey but thou Tityrus lying securely in the shade Teachest the woods to resound faire Amaryl Tit. Oh Melibeus our God hath wrought this peace for vs For he shall alwaies be my god a tender lambe fetched from our foulds shall sprinkle ‖ his altar oftentimes Hee hath permitted my kine to pasture freely all abroad as thou seest and my self to play what tunes I please with my fielden pipe Melib. In truth I do not enuie thy felicitie I admire it rather We of Mantua are miserably molested on euery side in al our grounds Lo I my selfe being feeble do driue my goats far off and moreouer Tityrus I can scarsly drag after me this weake goate For she hauing eaned euen now alasse vpon a bare flint stone hath left twins the hope of my flocke here amongst the thicke hazels I remember the oakes smitten from heauen to haue foretold vs this mischiefe oftentimes if that our mind had not bene besotted Oft times the vnluckie chough foretold it from the hollow holme But notwithstanding Tityrus tell vs who this god is Tit. Oh Melibeus I foole though that city which men call Rome to be like to this our MaÌ„tua whither we sheepheaâ— are often wont to driue our tender lambs So had I knowne whelpes like to the dams and thus had known kids like vnto the goates thus was I wont to compare great things to small But this hath lifted vp the head so high amongst all other cities As the cypresse trees are wont among the weake wilde vines Mel. And what so great a cause hadst thou of seeing Rome Tit. Liberty which though it were long first yet at length looked backe vnto me being altogether vnprofitable before After that a whiter beard fell from me in trimming Notwithstanding it looked backe vnto me came after a long while But since that time that Amaryllis hath got vs Galatea hath left vs And why for I will confesse whilst
vpon the crab tree blossomes and gray sallowes and Casia and red saffron and vpon the ranke linden trees and also vpon the ironish coloured hyacinth There is one rest from worke to all of them one labour is vnto them all In the morning they rush out of their gates there is no stay againe whenas the euening admonisheth them to depart at length out of the fields from feeding then go they home and then do they cherish their weary bodies A sound is made and they do buz about the bounds and entrances of their hiues Afterwards whenas they haue reposed themselues to rest in their chambers there is silence all the night euery ones owne sleepe possesseth all their wearie lims Nor yet indeede do they depart farre from their hiues if it be like to raine or trust vnto the aire when the Eastwindes will arise But they are watered safely vnder the walls of the citie round about And they aduenture but short courses and oft times do they take vp little stones as floating boates do take vp balasse in a rough water With these same little stones they beare themselues leuell thorough the emptie cloudie aire You wil wonder that that same manner of liuing hath so pleased the bees that they do neither giue themselues to ingendring nor being slothfull do let loose their bodies vnto lust or bring foorth yong with pangs in birth But they do gather their yong ones with their mouth from flowers and sweete herbes They hence prouide their king and their yong progenie and establish their courts and their waxen kingdomes Oft times also they weare their wings by wandring among hard rockes and of their owne accord yeeld vp their liues vnder their burden They haue so great a loue of flowers and such a glory of making hony Therefore although the compasse of a small age entertaines them for they do not liue aboue seuen yeares Yet their stock remaines immortall and the fortune of their house abides for many yeares and the grandsires of their grandfathers are numbred amongst them Moreouer Egypt and great Lydia or the Parthian ‖ the Mede or Indian do not so obserue their king as bees do theirs The king being safe the same mind is in them all But he being lost they breake their faith and they themselues spoile their hony made vp in their cels burst the frames of their hony combes He is the protector of their workes him they admire and all of them stand about him with great humming noise and guard him thicke And oft times they lift him vp with their shoulders and hazard their bodies in warre for him and do desire a glorious death by wounds sustained for his sake Some by these signes and following these examples haue said that there is a part of the diuine vnderstanding and also heauenly spirits in bees for why they say that God goeth thorow all both lands and coasts of the sea and the high heauen Hereupon they haue affirmed both the small and great cattell men and euery kind of wilde beast Yea euery one that is borne to fetch his life from hence Know this that they haue said all things to be restored hither finally and being resolued to be surrendred again and that there is no place for death but that all things so dissolued do flie aliue into the number of the starres and so succeed by course in the high heauen If at any time you will emptie their Al. stately seate and the hony which they haue preserued in their treasuries first spurt vpon them some draughts of water warmed in your mouth and hold before you in your hand smokes following one another They gather their great increase twise in the yeare they haue two times of haruest So soone as Taygete hath shewed her honest face vnto the earth And Pleias hath pushed backe with her foote the scorned waues of the Ocean sea ‖ Or whenas the same Pleias shunning the signe of waterish Piscis Goeth downe more sad from heauen into the Winter waters The bees haue anger aboue measure and being hurt they breathe in poison with their biting and also leaue blind stings hauing fastned them in the veines yea and lay downe their liues in the verie wound But if you feare a hard Winter and will spare for the time to come And shall haue pitie of their bruised hearts and their decayed estates Who then would doubt to perfume their hiues with thyme and pare away the emptie waxe for oft times the newt not knowne of eates away the hony combes and beds are made for moathes which flie the light And also the droane sitting scotfree at others meate Or else the cruel hornet thrusts in himselfe with his vnequall weapons Or that direfull kind of moath or finally the spider odious to Minerua hangs her nets loose in the entrances of the hiues The emptier the bees shall be so much the more eagerly all of them wil bestirre themselues to repaire the ruines of their decayed stocke And will fill vp their hatches and weaue their barnes with flowers But if their bodies shall languish by some sore disease because life hath brought euen our misfortunes vnto bees Which thing you may presently know by vndoubted signes There is forthwith another colour to them when they are sicke an vgly leannesse doth deforme their looke then carry they foorth the bodies of the dead out of their hiues and make dolefull funerals Or they hang at the entries of their hiues clung by their feete Or else they all abide lingring within in their houses shut both sluggish thorough famishment and slothfull by cold which they haue caught Then their sound is heard more heauie and they hum trailingly As sometimes the cold South wind doth sound in th'woods Or as the troubled sea doth make a noise with her rebounding waues
threefold loues of th' Gods euen from the Chaos With which discourse the Nymphs being caught whilst that they spin the dolefull moane of Aristeus pierst into his mothers eares and all the Nymphes were amazed sitting on their glassie seates but Arethusa looking forth before her other sisters lift vp her yellow head aboue th' top of the water And being farre off thus she spake Oh sister Cyrene affrighted not without iust cause for so great a wailing Aristeus himself thy greatest care sad for thy sake stands weeping at the waues of Peneus thy father and cals thee cruel by name The mother smitten in her mind with a new feare saith to her Go to bring him hither bring him vnto vs it may be lawfull for him to touch the thresholds of the Gods and withall she commands the deepe riuers to depart all abroad where the yong man should enter in But the water stood round about bowed after the manner of a hill And entertained him in her vast bosome and sent him vnderneath the riuer And now admiring his mothers house and her watery realmes And also the lakes shut vp in caues and the sounding groues He went forward and being astonied at the mightie mouing of the waters Beheld all the riuers flowing vnder the great earth both Phasis and Lycus And thâ— head from whence the deepe Eâ—ipeus first Al. bursts forth and shewes it selfe From what place father Tiberine and from whence the streams of Anien do come And Hipanis making a great sound amongst the stones and Caicus flowing out of Mysia And eke Eridanus hauing two golden hornes in a buls face then which not any other riuer flowes more violently thorough the fertile fields into the purple sea After that he was come vnder the roofe of the bed-chamber of his mother Cyrene hanging all with pumish stone and that Cyrene knew the needlesse weeping of her sonne her sister Nymphes giue in order faire spring water for his hands and bring him towels with the nap shorne off Part of them furnish the tables with dainties and oft do fill the cups the altars waxe full sweete with fiers of Panchean wood And then his mother said Take thou these cups of Lydian wine Let vs offer to God Oceanus quoth she And herewith she prayes both vnto Oceanus the father of all things and to the Nymphs her sisters A hundred of them which keepe the woods and also an hundred which keep the riuers Thrise did she sprinkle the burning fire with pure sweete wine Thrise the flame being vnderneath flasht backe againe to th' top of the house With which luckie signe she confirming her mind began thus There is a Prophet of the sea in the Carpathian gulfe Called the skie coloured Proteus who measures out the great sea borne vpon fishes backs And in a chariot drawne by two footed horses He is now gone to renew the ports of Emathia and his countrey Palene Him do the Nymphs adore and ancient Nereus himself for that Prophet knoweth all things Which are which haue bene and which may be protracted to come ere long Because it hath so seemed good to Neptune whose monstrous heards of cattell and huge sea-calues he feeds vnderneath the gulfe This Prophet my sonne is to be bound of thee before thou aske him any thing that he may speedily tell thee euery cause of the diseases of thy bees and may giue thee good successe For he will not giue thee any precepts without constraint neither shalt thou moue him by intreatie * Lay hard hands and bonds vpon him being caught His deceits about these things will at length be vtterly frustrate I my selfe about the noone-tide whenas the Sunne hath kindled his middle heate When the herbes are thirstie and the shadow is more welcome to the cattell Will bring thee into the secret places of th' old man Al. whither he being wearie doth retire himselfe from the waues that thou mayest easily set vpon him lying fast asleepe But when thou shalt hold him taken with hands and bands Then diuers shapes will delude thee and faces of wilde beasts for he will be of a sudden a rough bristled swine and a blacke tiger And also a scaly dragon and a lionesse with a tawnie yellow necke Or else he will giue forth a crackling noise of fire and so he will escape out of thy bands or slipping aside from thee he will go quite away into the thin waters But how much more he turnes himselfe into all shapes So much the more my sonne tie hard his bands to hold him fast Vntill he shall be such a one his bodie being changed againe as thou sawest him when he closed his eyes beginning first to sleepe These things she spake and cast abroad a pure odour of Ambrosia Wherewith she Al. sok't the bodie of her sonne throughout but a sweete sent blew to him hauing his haire neatly drest And an able vigour entred into his lims There is a huge caue in the side of a hill eaten all away whereinto very much water is driuen by the wind and parts it selfe into reflowing creakes Which sometime was a most safe harbour for sea-men caught by tempest Within it doth Proteus close himselfe with the couer of a huge great stone * Here doth the Nymph Cyrene place the yong man turned from the light within the lurking holes and she her selfe Al. went backe farre off obscured with clouds Now the wood Dog-starre called Syrius broyling the thirstie Indians burned in the skie and the fierie Sunne had gone halfe his daily course herbes withered and the sun-beames boyled the hollow riuers warmed to the mud their vpper parts being drie When Proteus went from the riuers going vnto his wonted caues the waterish nation of the vast sea leaping about him sprinkled the bitter dew all abroad The sea-calues
eare for the haruest where in it is ripe the haruest for the sommer the sommer for the whole yeare which make a Metalepsis viz. many â—ropes in one thus passing as by degrees from one to another See Butlers Rhet. * Heaped vp with turfe viz. couered with tuâ—fes heaped one on another ‖ Which is now or was before to me as my kingdome ‖ Shall I wonder being in loue with it as in former time 70 Regna Metap * Kingdomes 71 Mirabor pro admirabor i Thereupon he also bemoneth their lamentable estate by an exclamation of commiseration That now the impious souldier should possesse those theâ— fields so finely husbanded and prepared foâ— seede And that the barbarous stranger should haue their crops of corne * The vngodly viz. wicked or prophane souldier shall he haue these new broken vp grounds so well ordered or tilled or dressed viz. these fallow fields so well prepared for seede 72 Novaie vbi satum fâ—it antequam secunda satione renâ—vetur quiâ—scit * The barbarous or rude souldier or the rude fellow or the barbarian shall he haue these standing corne viz. these crops of corne 73 En quo Exclamatâ— commiserationis k Thus he proceedeth complaining of their discord whither it had brought them and for whom they had sowne their fields ‖ Behold to what a state contention or warre hath brought vs the vnhappy inhabitants of Mantua 74 En en Anaph l Yet after by turning the speech vnto himselfe he comforts himselfe herein notwithstanding That he might plant peaâ—e trees and vines otherwhere Or rather complaines of his folly in planting 75 Insere nunc Apostrophe viz. a turning of the speech to himselfe ‖ Plantor set peare-trees * Set vines in order m And then withall speaking to his goates which had in time past bene his chiefe delight bids them farewell lamenting this that he might not see them any more to feede as it were hanging vpon the tops of the rocks like as sometimes he had done lying vnder them in the greene valleys farre remote * Go ye or get ye gone 76 Ite Apostrophe to the goates ‖ Sometime my happie cattell 77 Ite ite Epan * I cast downe ‖ I shall not hereafter lying all along in a greene valley see you as I haue bene wont * Den or caue ‖ To hang viz. because the goates seeme to hang vpon the steepe rocks wheÌ„ they feede on them n He should sing no moe songs following them neither should they crop the flourishing trifoly or bitter willowes or other such like shrubs as they had bene wont * No songs or verses ‖ Eate or brouze vpon the blooming shrubs 78 Cythisus is a kind of trifoly called tetrifoly a plant greatly increasing milke and good against the rot in cattell taken here for any such kind of hearbe or shrub good for goates Syn. spâ— 79 Amaras hominibus capris suâ—es ‖ Sallowes which are bitter to our taste though pleasant vnto goates * Me feeding you viz. hauing me to tend you or to follow you ‖ Not withstanding o Tityruâ— here concludeth the dialogue inâ—iting Melibeâ— to tarrie with him all night and to rest and refresh himselfe and that by sundry reasons Tit. ‖ Stay tarrie or abide with me ‖ Vpon a bed made of tender boughes of trees or leaues or flowers or vpon the soft greene grasse as sheepheards in that hot countrey vsed * Vpon a greene leafe 80 Fronde Syn. spec * There are to vs mellow apples 1. For the commodiousnesse of his lodging there vpon the greene leaues * Soft ripe or pleasant * There are soft chestnuts viz. fully ripe or very pleasant * And plenty of pressed milke viz. turned to cheese or of curds and creame 2. Because he had good prouision to giue a sheepheard entertainement both of mellow apples ripe chestnuts of curds and creame and cheese enough ‖ The chimneyes of the townes and farmes about do smoke as toward supper time 3. For that it now 〈◊〉 towards night which 〈◊〉 setteth out and amplifieth by the smoking of chimneyes the increasing of the shadowes of the hils both in length and greatnesse as they are wont to do towardâ— the euening ‖ The shadowes waxing bigger do shew it to be neare tonight For the nearer it is to the Sunne setting the greater the shadowes are * To whom the name is viz which hath the name Alexis ‖ A sheepheard called Corydon * Being taken or caught with the loue of the lad Alexis viz. being exceedingly affectioned to him * Pretermitteth nothing of those things viz. ouerslippeth no oportunitie or meanes * Appertaine or belong * To stroke softly viz. to win by smoothing or flattery or to intice ‖ To gaine from him mutuall loue viz. to cause Alexis to loue him â—gaine * Vnderstandeth himselfe neither to profit any thing * Flatteries or alluring words * Or by his little gifts or presents * Returning to himselfe viz. be thinking himselfe better * Madnesse * That he must returne viz. to returne * To the intermitted or omitted care viz. the care which for a time he had left off * Of his houshold estate or matters belonging to his family or domesticall businesse ‖ Cast off or remoue or put away or driue away * Tediousnesse viz. wearinesse or griefe ‖ Vnfortunate loue * Grow or spring * And viz. and indeed or and also * We take viz. vnderstand Virgil by Corydon * Beleeue viz. may giue credit to * By Alexis we vnderstand Alexander the boy of Pollio vnder the name of Alexis is meant c. * Whom he receiued of him viz. of Pollio after for a gift or a reward viz. bestowed vpon him freely * Corydon a sheepheard * Burned viz. was inflamed with the loue of faire Alexis or â—ehemently loued ‖ Beautifull or well fauoured Alexis * Delights or dainties viz. the onely solace of his maister * Neither could he haue what he might hope viz. yet he obtained not any thing but onely a vaine hope of him * Continually viz. vsually or very often or day by day * Being shadie tops viz. broade spreading and so making a shade with their tops ‖ He reuolued or rolled or vainely vttered * Verses viz. rimes or words ill set together or ill composed or disordered * With a vaine study viz. vainely or all in vaine * Thou carest for nothing or not at all viz. thou carest not for * Verses ‖ Thou hast no compassion of me * To conclude * Thou compellest me to die viz. thou killest my heart Al. Thou wilt compell viz. cause me to die or hasten my death * Also the cattell or the very cattell * Do endeauour or seeke to take the shades and colds viz. shadie and coole places or the shady cold * The bushes of thornes viz. thorny places or shrubs also do hide ‖ serpents like newtes a Thestylis a countrey woman Syn. spec * Doth stampe
mother of Aristeus and her answer wherein first he sheweth how she perceiued a dolefull voice and then describes her both by the place wher she was viz. in her bedchamber vnder the deep riuer Peneus and also by her attendants the Nymphs round about her Which Nymphs are againe set out by their work that they toosed Milesian wooll of a deepe glassie colour and by their names to wit Drymo Zantho Ligea Philodoce and these like wise commended by their beautie in their haire viz. hauing their faire haire spred about their white neckes ‖ A dolefull noise viz. the complaint of her sonne Aristeus * The Nymphs standing about her ‖ Caried * Milesian fleeces viz. of the citie Miletum * Counterfeited * With a full colour of glasse Al. A Saturan colour of Saturum a citie neare Tarent where such colours were much died * For the reason of these names set Ramus com on this place * Being powred out or spred in regard of their bright haire or locks by or about their white necks ‖ Gay or gallant And with these Nesea Spio Thalia Cymodoce Cydippe and Lycorias which two last are noted that one of them was a virgin * And yellow Lycorias viz. Lycorias with her golden lockes The other of them hauing had one onely child * Th' other then first hauing tried by experience the labours or trauels of Lucina By Lucina is vnderstood Iuno or Diana so called because they two ruled the trauell of women and helped in bringing the child to light ‖ Where the Poet counts adulterie theft Vnto these are added Clio and Beroe which two are honoured by their descent that they were the daughters of Oceanus * Girded in with gold And also by their attire that they were clothed in gold and spotted skins * And with painted skins viz. garments or girdles made of speckled Deere skins With these in like manner are numbred others as Ephyre Opis Asia and Deiopeia * And also * And Deiopeia of Asia or Asia Goddeslike And also Arethusa who is commended for her swiftnesse hauing layed away her shafts wherewith she pursued the chase * Her shafts being layed away at last viz. after that she had layed away her shafts and left off her hunting * Amongst which Nymphs the Nymph Clymene * Shewed or related viz. sang of * The vaine or needlesse care of Vulcan * The deceits of Mars Hereof see Ouids Met. And amongst them all Clymene who told them merrie tales to passe away the time make their work more pleasant Of which tales some few are noted to giue a â—aste to the rest * Sweet thefts viz. stolne delights betweene Mars and Venus * And Clymene numbred the thicke loues ‖ From the beginning of the world Metam I. i But here the Poet returns to declare the effect of Aristeus moane that thogh the Nymphs were caught with much delight whilest they were spinning through the pleasantnesse of her discourse and her pretie tales yet the dolefull moan of Aristeus pierst into his mothers eares * With which verse * Catched or taken with delight * Whilst they roll downe or twist the soft yarne with their spindles * The mourning of Aristeus inforced or entered violently into his mothers eares And that all the Nymphes sitting on their glassie seates were much amazed therewith * From their glassie seates ‖ Their seates being bright like glasse as water which is shining that it may be discerned thorough And thirdly how Arethusa looking forth before her other sisters to know the noise and what it meant lift vp her golden head aboue the top of the water ‖ Shining head or golden head * From the vppermost waue viz. the vppermost part of the water * Waue * And farre off And that she perceiuing what it was thogh standing a far off spake vnto her sister Cyrene who was exceedingly affrighted at the dolefull moane shewed her the whole matter * Exceedingly terrified * By so great a groane viz. pitifull mourning * To or for thee How her son Aristeus who was her greatest care being very sad for her cause stood weeping at the riuer side called her cruell * Waue viz. at the side of the riuer Peneus * Smitten in regard of her minde Synech ‖ Astonished Wherunto the answer of Cyrâ—nes his mother is adioyned and first is set downe a preparatioÌ„ to her speech How she being smitten with a new feare returned againe this answer vnto Arethusa That she should go and bring him in vnto her That it might be lawfull for him to approch and enter within the thresholds of the Gods sith he was the sonne of a Nymph and of a God * To this Arethusa ‖ For him because he was the sonne of a God and of a Nymph And withall how she commanded the waters to depart and to make way where her sonne should enter in ‖ To auoide or giue place viz. to make a way How thereupon the waters obeyed stood about him * Should bring in his steps or the going of the yong man might bring him in * The waue ‖ Crooked or bowed crooks into the face viz. after the maner or fashion of a mountaine or hill And receiued him accordingly and sent him vnderneath the riuer vnto his mothers house ‖ And receiued him in her huge chanell ‖ Streame k Then the Poet shews his wondering at the things he saw in this his passage amongst the waters How he admired his mothers house her watery realmes the great standing ponds within â—he ground froÌ„ whence the fountaines and diâ—ers riuers issued and also how he wondered at the sounding groues * Maruelling or wondering at the house of his mother which had bred him * Kingdomes ‖ These are fained to be the Theaters of the Nymphes ‖ Huge motion or tumbling ‖ Large or spacious How he still going forward was astoâ—ied at the huge tumbling of the waters and 〈◊〉 great riuers flowing vnderâ—e atâ— the earth * And admiring the lakes viz. standing ponds or meeres the receptacles of the fountains or from whence the heads of diuers riuers issued * Sliding * And did behold ‖ Issues forth Aâ— Phasis and Lycus And to behold the heads of diuers great riuers 〈◊〉 both of the deepe riuer Eâ—ipous Al Snatcheth forth it selfe * From whence And also of the ancient riuer Tiber. ‖ The ancient riuer Tiber doth burst forth And so likewise the head of Anien of Hipanis Caicus Eridanus Which three riuers are set forth by their seuerall circumstances As Hipanis for making a great sound running amongst stones Caicus flowing out of Mysia ‖ Anio a riuer neare Tibur * Sounding as amongst stones viz. roughly and vehemently Saxosum pro Saxo◠‖ Caicus a riuer of Phrygia coming out of Mysia Eridanus that it hath two golden hornes in a buls face * And Eridanus being golden in regard of his double hornes in or with a buls countenance Synec It seemeth to be called