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Word A Word B Word C Word D Occurrence Frequency Band MI MI Band Prominent
cause_n great_a lord_n see_v 5,118 5 3.3465 3 true
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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A50824 The new state of England under Their Majesties K. William and Q. Mary in three parts ... / by G.M. Miege, Guy, 1644-1718? 1691 (1691) Wing M2019A; ESTC R31230 424,335 944

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high_a admiral_n of_o england_n a_o office_n hold_v by_o patent_n and_o of_o so_o great_a a_o trust_n that_o it_o have_v usual_o be_v give_v to_o prince_n of_o the_o royal_a blood_n for_o the_o lord_n high_a admiral_n be_v entrust_v with_o no_o less_o than_o the_o management_n of_o all_o maritime_a affair_n with_o the_o government_n of_o the_o king_n navy_n with_o power_n of_o decision_n in_o all_o cause_n maritime_a aswell_o civil_a as_o criminal_a of_o all_o thing_n do_v upon_o or_o beyond_o the_o sea_n in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o world_n in_o all_o port_n and_o havens_n upon_o the_o seacoast_n and_o all_o river_n below_o the_o first_o bridge_n next_o towards_o the_o sea_n in_o short_a the_o admiralty_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n a_o separate_a kingdom_n from_o the_o rest_n the_o lord_n high_a admiral_n may_v be_v repute_v at_o least_o the_o viceroy_n thereof_o a_o multitude_n of_o officer_n high_a and_o low_o be_v under_o he_o both_o at_o sea_n and_o land_n some_o of_o a_o military_a 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which_o the_o definitive_a sentence_n of_o the_o judge_n pass_v without_o any_o jury_n
in_o staffordshire_n and_o from_o thence_o run_v through_o darbyshire_n nottinghamshire_n and_o lincolnshire_n where_o it_o fall_v into_o the_o humber_n not_o far_o from_o hull_n it_o water_n in_o its_o course_n these_o three_o chief_a place_n nottingham_n newark_n and_o gainsborough_n the_o humber_n be_v a_o yorkshire_n river_n if_o that_o can_v be_v call_v a_o distinct_a river_n which_o have_v no_o spring_n of_o its_o own_o but_o be_v more_o proper_o a_o compound_v or_o rather_o a_o mouth_n of_o several_a river_n join_v into_o one_o stream_n especial_o the_o trent_n and_o the_o york_n ouse_n the_o don_a and_o the_o darewent_n the_o town_n of_o hull_n be_v seat_v upon_o it_o before_o which_o place_n it_o widen_v itself_o much_o like_o the_o severn_n at_o its_o mouth_n to_o a_o great_a breadth_n and_o so_o fall_v into_o the_o sea_n the_o tees_n be_v another_o river_n of_o the_o north_n part_v yorkshire_n from_o the_o bishopric_n of_o durham_n and_o run_v from_o west_n to_o east_n into_o the_o sea_n the_o tine_n famous_a for_o its_o coal-trade_n part_n for_o some_o miles_n durham_n from_o northumberland_n run_v likewise_o from_o west_n to_o east_n seaward_o by_o newcastle_n therefore_o call_v newcastle_n upon_o tine_n the_o twede_n be_v the_o further_a river_n northward_o and_o that_o which_o part_n england_n from_o scotland_n at_o the_o influx_n whereof_o into_o the_o sea_n be_v seat_v barwick_n call_v from_o this_o river_n barwick_n upon_o twede_n but_o beside_o these_o principal_a river_n and_o many_o other_o of_o less_o note_n though_o several_a of_o they_o navigable_a i_o can_v but_o mention_v those_o pleasant_a rivulet_n and_o brook_n which_o be_v so_o numerous_a in_o this_o country_n who_o clear_a and_o swift-running_a stream_n add_v much_o to_o the_o beauty_n and_o fruitfulness_n of_o it_o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o air_n of_o england_n it_o be_v temperateness_n and_o the_o effect_n of_o it_o by_o the_o situation_n of_o england_n so_o far_o north_n as_o 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the_o same_o latitude_n and_o some_o of_o a_o much_o more_o southern_a situation_n lie_v under_o snow_n pinch_v with_o a_o hard_a frost_n it_o happen_v often_o that_o our_o field_n be_v here_o clothe_v with_o grass_n as_o in_o the_o spring_n and_o whilst_o the_o sun_n in_o summer_n scorch_v the_o plant_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n themselves_o of_o hot_a climate_n here_o it_o shine_v so_o kind_o that_o it_o do_v but_o warm_v we_o by_o a_o moderate_a heat_n which_o make_v the_o country_n so_o plentiful_a both_o of_o corn_n and_o pasture_n it_o be_v true_a on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o air_n be_v nothing_o so_o pure_a nor_o the_o wether_n so_o serene_a or_o regular_a as_o it_o be_v in_o continent_n most_o part_n of_o the_o winter_n england_n be_v under_o a_o cloud_n often_o stuff_v up_o with_o fog_n trouble_v with_o rainy_a wether_n and_o except_o there_o happen_v a_o frost_n but_o seldom_o enjoy_v the_o sun_n in_o its_o splendour_n whence_o proceed_v those_o frequent_a cold_n which_o 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sudden_a that_o in_o the_o space_n of_o 24_o hour_n i_o have_v observe_v four_o different_a sort_n of_o wether_n proper_a enough_o for_o the_o four_o season_n of_o the_o year_n this_o i_o confess_v be_v a_o extraordinary_a case_n but_o however_o such_o be_v the_o mutableness_n of_o the_o wether_n that_o it_o seldom_o hold_v out_o many_o day_n in_o the_o same_o degree_n either_o of_o warmth_n coldness_n or_o dryness_n and_o of_o all_o time_n of_o the_o year_n the_o month_n of_o march_n be_v the_o most_o subject_a to_o change_v witness_v the_o usual_a expression_n march_v many-weather_n and_o yet_o this_o may_v be_v say_v for_o changeableness_n of_o wether_n that_o it_o create_v diversion_n by_o its_o variety_n what_o be_v more_o comfortable_a in_o winter_n than_o a_o warm_a day_n after_o a_o fit_a of_o cold_a wether_n and_o a_o cool_a day_n in_o summer_n after_o a_o fit_a of_o hot_a wether_n the_o quick_a and_o most_o refine_a pleasure_n grow_v dull_a by_o their_o continuance_n but_o change_n set_v a_o edge_n upon_o '_o they_o and_o as_o glorious_a as_o the_o sun_n appear_v in_o its_o great_a splendour_n i_o have_v oftentimes_o be_v weary_a of_o its_o undiscontinued_a appearance_n for_o a_o long_a time_n together_o on_o the_o other_o side_n england_n be_v nothing_o near_o so_o subject_a to_o hail_v to_o thunder_n and_o lightning_n or_o to_o the_o heaven_n dart_v of_o thunderbolt_n as_o many_o other_o region_n which_o be_v frequent_o alarm_v with_o those_o dreadful_a meteor_n and_o if_o nature_n be_v somewhat_o too_o prodigal_a of_o moisture_n in_o this_o country_n she_o be_v on_o the_o other_o side_n as_o careful_a to_o cure_v it_o scarce_o a_o fit_a of_o rain_n be_v over_o but_o come_v a_o fit_a of_o wind_n to_o dry_v up_o the_o moisture_n and_o purify_v the_o air._n so_o that_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o year_n be_v common_o divide_v betwixt_o these_o two_o god_n of_o the_o heathen_n jupiter_n and_o aeolus_n the_o wind_n that_o reign_v most_o in_o england_n be_v the_o westerly_a wind_n which_o blow_v from_o the_o vast_a western_a ocean_n perhaps_o three_o part_n in_o four_o of_o the_o year_n but_o when_o i_o say_v a_o westerly_a wind_n i_o do_v mean_v only_a that_o which_o blow_v direct_o from_o the_o cardinal_n point_v but_o all_o the_o collateral_a point_n from_o south_n to_o north._n a_o easterly_a wind_n especial_o in_o the_o spring_n be_v look_v upon_o here_o to_o be_v fatal_a to_o plant_n and_o if_o the_o proverb_n be_v true_a to_o man_n and_o beast_n for_o high_a wind_n and_o tempestuous_a wether_n we_o have_v here_o two_o time_n of_o the_o year_n seldom_o free_a from_o it_o and_o those_o be_v the_o two_o equinox_n in_o september_n and_o march_n but_o for_o hurricane_n and_o earthquake_n england_n of_o all_o the_o country_n in_o europe_n be_v the_o least_o subject_a to_o '_o they_o the_o storm_n indeed_o which_o happen_v on_o the_o 12_o of_o january_n last_o be_v so_o very_o violent_a blue_a with_o such_o impetuous_a gust_n and_o prove_v so_o mischievous_a that_o it_o may_v pass_v for_o a_o hurricane_a but_o it_o be_v such_o as_o the_o like_a have_v not_o be_v know_v here_o within_o the_o memory_n of_o man._n in_o short_a whatever_o be_v the_o disadvantage_n of_o england_n in_o point_n of_o air_n in_o respect_n to_o other_o country_n the_o same_o be_v sufficient_o countervail_v by_o the_o sweetness_n and_o comfort_n of_o it_o as_o it_o will_v further_o appear_v by_o the_o ensue_a chapter_n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o product_n of_o england_n both_o from_o the_o land_n and_o water_n and_o the_o fruitfulness_n thereof_o it_o be_v say_v of_o henry_n the_o seven_o one_o of_o the_o wise_a king_n that_o ever_o sit_v upon_o the_o throne_n of_o england_n but_o who_o breed_n have_v be_v low_a and_o private_a that_o be_v once_o press_v by_o some_o of_o his_o council_n to_o pursue_v his_o
indignation_n your_o majesty_n answer_v the_o lord_n mayor_n calm_o may_v do_v what_o you_o please_v therein_o and_o your_o city_n of_o london_n will_v prove_v still_o dutiful_a but_o she_o comfort_v herself_o with_o the_o thought_n that_o your_o majesty_n will_v leave_v the_o thames_n behind_o you_o this_o river_n beside_o be_v so_o kind_a that_o it_o seldom_o indamage_n any_o part_n of_o this_o city_n by_o its_o overflowing_n here_o the_o high_a tide_n be_v upon_o a_o land-floud_n and_o the_o moon_n at_o full_a when_o sometime_o it_o do_v swell_v over_o its_o bank_n but_o then_o westminster_n lie_v low_a feel_v alone_o the_o effect_n of_o it_o and_o that_o seldom_o further_o than_o the_o cellar_n whereas_o the_o chamber_n and_o upper_a room_n at_o rome_n and_o paris_n be_v sometime_o overflow_v rome_n by_o the_o tiber_n and_o paris_n by_o the_o seine_n from_o this_o river_n the_o city_n by_o water-engine_n be_v in_o many_o place_n supply_v with_o good_a water_n but_o to_o serve_v with_o water_n the_o north_n part_v of_o the_o city_n as_o the_o thames_n do_v the_o south_n part_n it_o have_v the_o conveniency_n of_o a_o artificial_a river_n common_o call_v the_o new_a river_n which_o be_v begin_v anno_fw-la 1608_o and_o finish_v in_o five_o year_n time_n a_o noble_a undertake_n of_o sir_n hugh_n middleton_n who_o for_o this_o great_a work_n deserve_v his_o statue_n in_o brass_n this_o river_n he_o bring_v from_o amwell_n and_o chadwell_n two_o spring_n near_o ware_n in_o hartfordshire_n from_o whence_o in_o a_o turn_n and_o wind_a course_n it_o run_v near_o upon_o 60_o mile_n before_o it_o reach_v this_o city_n in_o this_o undertake_n fit_a indeed_o for_o a_o prince_n than_o any_o subject_a there_o have_v be_v six_o hundred_o man_n at_o once_o employ_v which_o be_v a_o prodigious_a charge_n the_o channel_n in_o some_o place_n 30_o foot_n deep_a in_o other_o carry_v over_o valley_n 20_o foot_n at_o least_o above_o ground_n in_o open_a trough_n and_o over_o this_o river_n be_v 800_o bridge_n some_o of_o stone_n some_o of_o wood_n and_o other_o of_o brick_n this_o city_n beside_o have_v the_o conveniency_n of_o several_a conduit_n of_o spring-water_n so_o commodious_o place_v that_o they_o serve_v all_o the_o chief_a part_n of_o it_o and_o it_o be_v so_o situate_v that_o in_o all_o part_n though_o on_o the_o high_a ground_n it_o be_v abundant_o serve_v with_o pump-water_n the_o pump_n in_o many_o place_n not_o six_o foot_n deep_a in_o the_o ground_n for_o a_o constant_a supply_n of_o provision_n beside_o the_o fruitful_a county_n of_o middlesex_n in_o which_o it_o stand_v and_o that_o of_o surrey_n on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n both_o which_o be_v ready_a at_o hand_n to_o furnish_v it_o with_o their_o provision_n it_o be_v neighbour_v with_o many_o other_o plentiful_a county_n out_o of_o who_o abundance_n this_o city_n live_v in_o great_a plenty_n and_o seldom_o know_v what_o scarcity_n be_v the_o conveyance_n so_o easy_a both_o by_o land_n and_o water_n that_o no_o city_n in_o europe_n have_v better_a conveniency_n so_o large_a fair_a and_o smooth_a be_v the_o high_a way_n that_o lead_v from_o all_o part_n to_o it_o and_o so_o convenient_a be_v the_o river_n that_o almost_o all_o the_o fuel_n for_o fire_v be_v bring_v up_o that_o way_n to_o town_n the_o coal_n from_o newcastle_n and_o the_o wood_n from_o kent_n and_o essex_n some_o of_o which_o last_o come_v also_o down_o the_o river_n from_o surrey_n and_o middlesex_n last_o as_o it_o have_v the_o command_n of_o the_o sea_n so_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o blessing_n in_o the_o terrestrial_a globe_n but_o this_o city_n have_v she_o share_v in_o it_o moreover_o its_o distance_n from_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v about_o 60_o mile_n be_v a_o great_a argument_n of_o the_o founder_n wisdom_n for_o by_o that_o distance_n as_o it_o be_v not_o so_o near_o as_o to_o be_v annoy_v by_o the_o unwholesome_a vapour_n of_o the_o sea_n or_o to_o be_v sudden_o surprise_v by_o a_o enemy_n fleet_n so_o it_o be_v not_o so_o far_o but_o that_o by_o the_o help_n of_o the_o tide_n which_o come_v up_o every_o 12_o hour_n ship_n of_o great_a burden_n may_v be_v bring_v into_o her_o bosom_n in_o point_n of_o latitude_n it_o be_v in_o 51_o degree_n 30_o minute_n i_o come_v now_o to_o its_o full_a extent_n with_o its_o suburb_n and_o place_n adjacent_a it_o be_v length_n from_o east_n to_o west_n that_o be_v from_o limehouse_n to_o the_o further_a end_n of_o mill-bank_n in_o westminster_n be_v above_o 7500_o geometrical_a pace_n which_o come_v to_o seven_o measure_a mile_n and_o a_o half_a at_o 1000_o pace_n a_o mile_n that_o be_v about_o five_o compute_v mile_n or_o two_o parisian_a league_n and_o a_o half_a the_o breadth_n indeed_o be_v not_o proportionable_a the_o city_n be_v build_v in_o length_n for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o the_o river_n and_o yet_o take_v southwark_n in_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n as_o it_o be_v under_o the_o lord_n mayor_n jurisdiction_n and_o join_v to_o london_n by_o the_o bridge_n this_o vast_a city_n reach_v there_o in_o breadth_n from_o north_n to_o south_n that_o be_v from_o the_o further_a end_n of_o white-chappel_n street_n to_o st._n george_n field_n in_o southwark_n near_o upon_o 3_o mile_n so_o that_o i_o can_v but_o conceive_v that_o if_o london_n be_v cast_v as_o paris_n into_o a_o orbicular_a form_n the_o circumference_n of_o it_o will_v be_v much_o large_a than_o that_o of_o paris_n so_o much_o it_o be_v increase_v in_o building_n since_o the_o dismal_a conflagration_n in_o the_o year_n 1666._o but_o whether_o it_o be_v profitable_a to_o the_o body_n of_o the_o state_n or_o not_o to_o have_v so_o vast_a a_o head_n may_v be_v make_v a_o question_n and_o if_o dr._n heylin_n have_v cause_n to_o complain_v in_o his_o time_n of_o its_o be_v grow_v then_o too_o big_a for_o the_o kingdom_n he_o may_v with_o much_o more_o reason_n do_v it_o now_o great_a town_n say_v he_o in_o the_o body_n of_o a_o state_n be_v like_o the_o spleen_n or_o milt_z in_o the_o body_n natural_a the_o monstrous_a growth_n of_o which_o impoverish_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o member_n by_o draw_v to_o it_o all_o the_o animal_n and_o vital_a spirit_n which_o shall_v give_v nourishment_n unto_o they_o and_o in_o the_o end_n crack_v or_o surcharge_v by_o its_o own_o fullness_n not_o only_o send_v unwholesome_a fume_n and_o vapour_n to_o the_o head_n and_o heavy_a pang_n upon_o the_o heart_n but_o draw_v a_o consumption_n on_o itself_o he_o add_v further_a that_o the_o overgrowth_n of_o great_a city_n be_v of_o dangerous_a consequence_n not_o only_o in_o regard_n of_o famine_n such_o multitude_n of_o mouth_n not_o be_v easy_a to_o be_v feed_v but_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o irreparable_a danger_n of_o insurrection_n if_o once_o those_o multitude_n sensible_a of_o their_o own_o strength_n oppress_v with_o want_n or_o otherwise_o distemper_v with_o faction_n or_o discontent_n shall_v gather_v to_o a_o 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all_o faculty_n complete_a
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according_a to_o law_n as_o well_o in_o vacation_n as_o in_o termtime_n which_o be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n either_o of_o the_o king_n bench_n or_o common-plea_n to_o do_v in_o the_o vacation_n this_o court_n likewise_o may_v grant_v prohibition_n at_o any_o time_n either_o in_o term_n or_o vacation_n chap._n iu._n of_o the_o court_n of_o king_n bench._n this_o court_n be_v call_v the_o king_n bench_n because_o in_o it_o be_v handle_v all_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n as_o all_o manner_n of_o treason_n felony_n misprision_n of_o treason_n etc._n etc._n but_o it_o have_v power_n beside_o to_o examine_v and_o correct_v all_o error_n in_o fait_fw-fr and_o in_o law_n of_o all_o the_o judge_n and_o justice_n of_o the_o realm_n in_o their_o judgement_n and_o proceed_v in_o court_n of_o record_n and_o this_o not_o only_o in_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n but_o in_o all_o plea_n real_a personal_a and_o mix_v the_o court_n of_o exchequer_n except_v this_o court_n have_v also_o power_n to_o 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and_o lest_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o failure_n of_o justice_n they_o shall_v be_v implead_v here_o by_o bill_n though_o these_o action_n be_v common_a pleas._n likewise_o the_o officer_n minister_n and_o clerk_n of_o this_o court_n privilege_v by_o law_n may_v implead_v other_o by_o bill_n here_o in_o the_o foresay_a action_n in_o short_a the_o jurisdiction_n of_o this_o court_n be_v general_a and_o extend_v all_o over_o england_n it_o be_v more_o uncontrollable_a than_o any_o other_o court_n because_o the_o law_n presume_v the_o king_n to_o be_v there_o in_o person_n for_o ancient_o the_o king_n of_o england_n sit_v sometime_o in_o this_o court_n and_o that_o on_o a_o high_a bench_n his_o judge_n at_o his_o foot_n on_o a_o low_a bench._n from_o whence_o some_o think_v this_o court_n come_v to_o be_v call_v the_o king_n bench._n however_o the_o judicature_n always_o belong_v to_o the_o judge_n and_o in_o the_o king_n
office_n at_o westminster_n be_v preserve_v all_o the_o counterfoil_n of_o the_o tally_n range_v by_o month_n and_o year_n and_o by_o that_o mean_v easy_o find_v out_o to_o be_v join_v with_o their_o respective_a stock_n or_o tally_n there_o be_v also_o the_o chief_a usher_n of_o the_o exchequer_n a_o office_n of_o inheritance_n four_o vnder-vsher_n a_o marshal_n and_o six_o messenger_n as_o to_o the_o court_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o lancaster_n also_o keep_v at_o westminster_n it_o concern_v particular_o the_o revenue_n belong_v to_o that_o duchy_n long_o since_o annex_v to_o the_o crown_n the_o chief_a judge_n of_o this_o court_n be_v the_o chancellor_n of_o the_o duchy_n assist_v by_o the_o attorney_n of_o the_o same_o next_o to_o who_o be_v the_o receiver_n general_n the_o vicechancellor_n of_o the_o duchy_n the_o two_o auditor_n the_o clerk_n of_o the_o duchy_n and_o a_o messenger_n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o sheriff_n and_o their_o two_o court_n call_v the_o county-court_n and_o the_o sheriff_n turn_v of_o justice_n of_o peace_n and_o their_o quarter-session_n with_o a_o account_n of_o the_o grand_a jury_n of_o the_o coroner_n clerk_n of_o the_o market_n and_o their_o court_n for_o the_o civil_a government_n of_o county_n city_n town_n and_o village_n there_o be_v divers_a officer_n to_o who_o belong_v several_a court_n for_o the_o due_a administration_n of_o justice_n first_o in_o every_o county_n except_o durham_n and_o westmoreland_n there_o be_v a_o sheriff_n which_o be_v a_o yearly_a office_n the_o power_n whereof_o extend_v all_o over_o the_o county_n except_o such_o city_n and_o town_n as_o be_v county_n of_o themselves_o that_o be_v which_o have_v the_o privilege_n of_o county_n in_o middlesex_n only_o there_o be_v two_o sheriff_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o london_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o sheriff_n be_v heretofore_o choose_v as_o knight_n of_o the_o shire_n by_o the_o suffrage_n of_o the_o people_n but_o now_o they_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o king_n after_o this_o manner_n first_o the_o judge_n nominate_v six_o fit_a man_n of_o each_o county_n that_o be_v knight_n or_o esquire_n of_o good_a estate_n out_o of_o that_o number_n three_o be_v choose_v by_o the_o privy_a counsellor_n and_o the_o twelve_o judge_n assemble_v in_o the_o exchequer_n and_o there_o swear_v in_o order_n to_o it_o and_o out_o of_o this_o number_n the_o king_n himself_o choose_v who_o he_o think_v fit_a heretofore_o the_o same_o sheriff_n serve_v many_o year_n together_o and_o to_o this_o day_n this_o office_n be_v hereditary_a to_o the_o clifford_n in_o the_o county_n of_o westmoreland_n by_o charter_n from_o king_n john_n the_o sheriff_n office_n be_v both_o ministerial_a and_o judicial_a as_o ministerial_a he_o be_v to_o execute_v the_o king_n mandate_n and_o all_o writ_n direct_v to_o he_o out_o of_o the_o king_n court_n to_o impannel_v jury_n to_o bring_v cause_n and_o criminal_n to_o trial_n and_o to_o see_v the_o sentence_n execute_v in_o short_a there_o be_v no_o execution_n of_o the_o law_n but_o by_o the_o sheriff_n for_o by_o he_o all_o suit_n begin_v and_o all_o process_n serve_v he_o be_v likewise_o to_o collect_v all_o public_a profit_n as_o tax_n fine_n distress_n and_o amerciament_n into_o the_o king_n exche_n quer_v or_o wherever_o the_o king_n shall_v appoint_v and_o to_o make_v such_o payment_n out_o of_o it_o as_o he_o shall_v have_v due_a order_n for_o at_o the_o assize_n he_o be_v to_o wait_v on_o and_o guard_v the_o itinerant_a judge_n so_o long_o as_o they_o continue_v within_o the_o county_n as_o to_o the_o judicial_a part_n of_o his_o office_n he_o hold_v by_o virtue_n thereof_o two_o several_a court_n the_o one_o call_v the_o county-court_n and_o the_o other_o the_o sheriff_n turn_v the_o county-court_n be_v hold_v every_o month_n by_o the_o sheriff_n himself_o or_o his_o deputy_n the_o under_o sheriff_n wherein_o he_o hear_v and_o determine_v civil_a cause_n of_o the_o county_n under_o 40_o shilling_n which_o ancient_o be_v a_o considerable_a sum._n but_o this_o be_v no_o court_n of_o record_n the_o sheriff_n turn_v be_v hold_v twice_o a_o year_n viz._n within_o a_o month_n after_o easter_n and_o within_o a_o mont●_n after_o michaelmas_n in_o this_o court_n he_o inquire_v of_o all_o criminal_a offence_n against_o the_o common_a law_n wherein_o he_o be_v not_o restrain_v by_o any_o statute_n for_o all_o the_o bishop_n earls_z baron_n and_o all_o such_o as_o have_v hundred_o of_o their_o own_o to_o be_v keep_v be_v exempt_v from_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o this_o court._n in_o short_a this_o be_v a_o court_n of_o record_n in_o all_o thing_n that_o belong_v to_o it_o it_o be_v the_o king_n leet_n through_o all_o the_o county_n whereof_o the_o sheriff_n be_v judge_n this_o court_n be_v incident_a to_o his_o office_n the_o justice_n of_o peace_n ancient_o call_v warden_n or_o guardian_n of_o the_o peace_n be_v such_o among_o the_o gentry_n and_o sometime_o among_o the_o clergy_n as_o be_v appoint_v by_o the_o king_n commission_n to_o attend_v the_o peace_n of_o the_o county_n where_o they_o dwell_v their_o original_a be_v from_o the_o first_o year_n of_o edward_n the_o iii_o but_o they_o be_v not_o call_v justice_n till_o the_o 36th_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n their_o office_n be_v to_o call_v before_o they_o examine_v and_o commit_v to_o prison_n rioter_n wander_a rogue_n thief_n murderers_z false_a moneyer_n those_o that_o hold_v conspiracy_n and_o almost_o all_o delinquent_n that_o may_v occasion_v the_o breach_n of_o peace_n and_o quiet_a to_o the_o king_n subject_n and_o to_o see_v they_o bring_v forth_o in_o due_a time_n to_o trial._n if_o any_o one_o swear_v himself_o to_o be_v in_o danger_n of_o his_o life_n upon_o the_o threat_n of_o another_o he_o may_v bind_v he_o over_o to_o his_o good_a behaviour_n and_o the_o justice_n shall_v commit_v he_o to_o prison_n unless_o the_o find_v good_a security_n for_o his_o good_a behaviour_n during_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n among_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n the_o number_n whereof_o be_v as_o his_o majesty_n think_v fit_a there_o be_v some_o particular_o call_v justice_n of_o the_o quorum_fw-la from_o these_o word_n in_o the_o commission_n quorum_fw-la a.b._n unum_fw-la esse_fw-la volumus_fw-la as_o for_o example_n where_o a_o commission_n be_v direct_v to_o seven_o person_n or_o any_o three_o of_o they_o whereof_o a.b._n and_o c.d._n to_o be_v two_o these_o be_v say_v to_o be_v of_o the_o quorum_fw-la because_o the_o rest_n can_v proceed_v without_o they_o so_o that_o a_o justice_n of_o peace_n and_o quorum_fw-la be_v one_o without_o who_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o justice_n in_o some_o case_n can_v proceed_v every_o quarter_n or_o three_o month_n the_o justice_n of_o each_o county_n meet_v at_o the_o chief_a or_o shire_n town_n from_o whence_o this_o court_n come_v to_o be_v call_v the_o quarter_n session_n where_o the_o grand_a inquest_n or_o jury_n of_o the_o county_n be_v summon_v to_o appear_v who_o upon_o oath_n be_v to_o inquire_v of_o malefactor_n rioter_n and_o suspect_v person_n the_o g_z and_o jury_n do_v common_o consist_v of_o 24_o grave_n and_o substantial_a gentleman_n or_o some_o of_o the_o better_a sort_n or_o yeoman_n choose_v indifferent_o or_o at_o least_o ought_v so_o to_o be_v by_o the_o sheriff_n out_o of_o the_o whole_a shire_n to_o consider_v of_o all_o bill_n of_o indictment_n prefer_v to_o the_o court._n which_o bill_n they_o do_v either_o approve_v by_o write_v upon_o they_o billa_z vera_n or_o disallow_v by_o endorse_v ignoramus_n present_o upon_o the_o allowance_n of_o a_o bill_n the_o party_n concern_v be_v say_v to_o be_v indict_v and_o be_v commit_v to_o prison_n but_o what_o bill_n be_v disallow_v be_v deliver_v to_o the_o bench_n by_o who_o they_o be_v forthwith_o cancel_v or_o tear_v if_o the_o approve_a bill_n touch_v life_n and_o death_n they_o be_v further_o refer_v to_o another_o jury_n to_o be_v consider_v of_o because_o the_o case_n be_v of_o such_o importance_n but_o other_o of_o light_a moment_n be_v proceed_v upon_o by_o fine_v the_o delinquent_n without_o any_o more_o ado_n unless_o the_o party_n traverse_v the_o indictment_n or_o challenge_v it_o for_o insufficiency_n or_o remove_v the_o cause_n to_o a_o high_a court_n by_o certiorari_fw-la in_o which_o two_o former_a case_n it_o be_v refer_v to_o another_o jury_n and_o in_o the_o latter_a transmit_v to_o a_o high_a court._n in_o short_a the_o trial_n be_v usual_o refer_v to_o the_o next_o assize_n when_o the_o judge_n at_o westminster_n go_v their_o circuit_n original_o this_o court_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v erect_v only_o for_o matter_n touch_v the_o peace_n but_o now_o it_o extend_v much_o further_a the_o sheriff_n or_o his_o under-sheriff_n be_v bind_v to_o attend_v upon_o this_o court_n with_o his_o constable_n bailiff_n etc._n
etc._n there_o be_v also_o in_o every_o county_n common_o four_o officer_n call_v coroner_n vulgar_o pronounce_v crowner_n because_o they_o deal_v principal_o with_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n or_o matter_n concern_v the_o crown_n his_o office_n be_v to_o inquire_v by_o a_o jury_n of_o neighbour_n how_o and_o by_o who_o any_o person_n come_v by_o a_o violent_a death_n and_o to_o enter_v the_o same_o upon_o record_n and_o whereas_o the_o sheriff_n in_o his_o turn_n may_v inquire_v of_o all_o felony_n by_o the_o common_a law_n except_o a_o man_n death_n the_o coroner_n can_v inquire_v of_o no_o felony_n but_o of_o the_o death_n of_o man_n and_o that_o super_fw-la visum_fw-la corporis_fw-la upon_o view_n of_o the_o body_n which_o inquisition_n of_o death_n take_v by_o he_o he_o ought_v to_o deliver_v at_o the_o next_o goal-delivery_n or_o certify_v the_o same_o into_o the_o king_n bench._n therefore_o he_o ought_v to_o put_v in_o write_v the_o ●ffect_n of_o the_o evidence_n give_v to_o the_o jury_n be●ore_v he_o and_o have_v power_n to_o bind_v over_o witness_n to_o the_o next_o goal-delivery_n in_o that_o county_n for_o do_v his_o office_n he_o be_v to_o take_v nothing_o ●pon_o grievous_a forfeiture_n but_o by_o 3_o h._n 7._o he_o 〈◊〉_d to_o have_v upon_o a_o indictment_n of_o murder_n 13_o s._n d._n of_o the_o good_n of_o the_o murderer_n but_o beside_o his_o judicial_a he_o have_v likewise_o a_o ministerial_a power_n as_o a_o sheriff_n as_o when_o there_o 〈◊〉_d just_a exception_n take_v to_o the_o sheriff_n judicial_a process_n shall_v be_v award_v to_o the_o coroner_n for_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o king_n writ_n in_o which_o case_n he_o be_v locum_fw-la tenens_fw-la vicecomitis_fw-la or_o supply_v the_o sheriff_n place_n and_o in_o some_o special_a case_n the_o king_n original_a writ_n shall_v be_v immediate_o direct_v unto_o he_o there_o be_v as_o i_o say_v before_o common_o four_o of_o these_o officer_n in_o every_o county_n of_o england_n but_o cheshire_n have_v but_o two_o and_o each_o shire_n in_o wales_n have_v no_o more_o the_o same_o be_v choose_v by_o the_o freeholder_n of_o the_o county_n by_o virtue_n of_o a_o writ_n out_o of_o the_o chancery_n and_o continue_v notwithstanding_o the_o demise_n of_o the_o king_n in_o their_o office_n which_o be_v of_o old_a in_o so_o great_a esteem_n that_o none_o can_v have_v it_o under_o the_o degree_n of_o a_o knight_n and_o by_o the_o writ_n de_fw-fr coronatore_fw-la eligendo_fw-la the_o party_n to_o be_v choose_v must_v have_v sufficient_a knowledge_n and_o ability_n to_o execute_v this_o office_n which_o be_v imply_v in_o these_o word_n et_fw-la talem_fw-la eligi_fw-la facias_fw-la qui_fw-la melius_fw-la sciat_fw-la &_o possit_fw-la officio_fw-la illi_fw-la intendere_fw-la after_o he_o be_v elect_v the_o sheriff_n be_v to_o take_v his_o oath_n only_o to_o execute_v his_o office_n and_o the_o court_n which_o he_o hold_v be_v a_o court_n of_o record_n every_o county_n also_o have_v a_o officer_n call_v clerk_n of_o the_o market_n who_o office_n be_v to_o keep_v a_o standard_n of_o all_o weight_n and_o measure_n exact_o according_a to_o the_o king_n standard_n kep●_n in_o the_o exchequer_n and_o to_o see_v that_o none_o other_o be_v use_v in_o the_o same_o county_n he_o be_v to_o seal_v a●_n weight_n and_o measure_n make_v exact_o by_o th●_n standard_n in_o his_o custody_n and_o to_o burn_v such_o a_o be_v otherwise_o he_o have_v a_o court_n wherein_o h●●_n may_v keep_v and_o hold_v a_o plea_n chap._n viii_o of_o mayor_n and_o alderman_n bailiff_n steward_n and_o their_o respective_a court_n with_o a_o account_n of_o the_o constable_n every_o city_n of_o england_n say_v dr._n chamberlain_n be_v by_o their_o charter_n or_o privilege_n grant_v by_o several_a king_n a_o little_a commonwealth_n apart_o govern_v not_o as_o the_o ●●ties_n of_o france_n and_o spain_n by_o a_o nobleman_n 〈◊〉_d gentleman_n place_v there_o by_o the_o king_n but_o whole_o by_o themselves_o for_o in_o city_n the_o citizen_n choose_v themselves_o for_o their_o governor_n mayor_n common_o out_o of_o 12_o alderman_n and_o ●n_o some_o other_o corporation_n a_o bailiff_n be_v choose_v ●f_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o burgess_n the_o mayor_n be_v the_o king_n lieutenant_n and_o ●uring_v his_o mayoralty_n which_o be_v but_o for_o one_o ●ear_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n a_o judge_n to_o determine_v ●atters_n and_o to_o mitigate_v the_o rigour_n of_o the_o ●●w_n therefore_o he_o keep_v a_o court_n with_o his_o ●ethren_n the_o alderman_n with_o these_o and_o the_o ●ommon_a council_n he_o can_v make_v by-law_n for_o ●e_v better_a government_n of_o the_o city_n provide_v ●●ey_n be_v not_o repugnant_a to_o the_o know_a law_n of_o ●●e_z realm_n so_o that_o the_o mayor_n aldermen_z use_v common_a council_n assemble_v be_v in_o a_o manner_n a_o image_n of_o the_o king_n lord_n and_o commons_o convene_v in_o parliament_n if_o the_o citizen_n be_v tax_v it_o be_v by_o themselves_o or_o their_o representative_n every_o trade_n have_v some_o of_o their_o own_o member_n always_o of_o the_o council_n to_o see_v that_o nothing_o be_v enact_v to_o their_o prejudice_n but_o the_o sheriff_n have_v also_o a_o good_a share_n in_o the_o government_n of_o city_n as_o be_v the_o proper_a judge_n of_o civil_a cause_n within_o the_o same_o and_o the_o principal_a officer_n appoint_v to_o see_v all_o execution_n do_v whether_o penal_a or_o capital_a as_o every_o county_n of_o england_n be_v divide_v into_o hundred_o so_o the_o king_n subject_n former_o have_v justice_n minister_v to_o they_o by_o officer_n of_o hundred_o call_v bailiff_n who_o may_v hold_v plea_n of_o appeal_n and_o approver_n but_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n iii_n these_o hundred_o court_n certain_a franchise_n except_v be_v dissolve_v into_o the_o county-court_n yet_o there_o be_v still_o divers_a considerable_a town_n the_o chief_a magistrate_n whereof_o have_v retain_v the_o name_n of_o bailiff_n as_o ipswich_n yarmouth_n colchester_n etc._n etc._n where_o the_o bayliff_n authority_n be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o mayor_n in_o other_o place_n and_o they_o keep_v court_v according_o the_o truth_n be_v they_o differ_v in_o nothing_o but_o the_o name_n for_o the_o mayor_n of_o london_n before_o the_o reign_n of_o richard_n the_o first_o be_v call_v the_o bailiff_n of_o london_n so_o king_n john_n follow_v the_o example_n of_o richard_n make_v the_o bailiff_n of_o king_n lynn_n a_o mayor_n in_o the_o year_n 1204_o and_o henry_n v._o make_v the_o bailiff_n of_o norwich_n a_o mayor_n anno●●_n 1419._o but_o there_o be_v other_o to_o who_o the_o name_n of_o bailiff_n be_v still_o appropriate_a as_o the_o bailiff_n of_o dover_n castle_n that_o be_v the_o governor_n thereof_o there_o be_v likewise_o bailiff_n of_o manor_n or_o husbandry_n such_o as_o have_v the_o oversight_n of_o under-servant_n to_o private_a man_n of_o great_a substance_n that_o set_v every_o man_n to_o his_o labour_n and_o task_n gather_v the_o profit_n to_o their_o lord_n and_o master_n and_o give_v he_o a_o account_n thereof_o the_o vile_a sort_n of_o bailiff_n to_o this_o day_n be_v those_o officer_n that_o serve_v writ_n and_o arrest_v people_n by_o virtue_n thereof_o and_o these_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n bailiff_n errant_n and_o bailiff_n of_o franchise_n the_o first_o be_v such_o as_o the_o sheriff_n make_v and_o appoint_v to_o go_v any_o where_n in_o the_o county_n to_o serve_v writ_n to_o summon_v the_o county_n session_n assizes_n and_o such_o like_a bailiff_n of_o franchise_n be_v those_o that_o be_v appoint_v by_o every_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n to_o do_v such_o office_n within_o his_o liberty_n as_o the_o bailiff_n errant_a do_v at_o large_a in_o the_o county_n by_o steward_n i_o mean_v here_o such_o as_o be_v employ_v by_o some_o lord_n of_o manor_n to_o hold_v their_o court_n call_v court-leet_n or_o view_v of_o frankpledge_a the_o word_n leet_n signify_v proper_o a_o lawday_n this_o be_v a_o court_n of_o record_n not_o incident_a to_o every_o manor_n but_o to_o those_o only_o which_o by_o special_a grant_n or_o long_a prescription_n hold_v the_o same_o for_o it_o be_v likely_a king_n do_v not_o intrust_v any_o with_o this_o power_n but_o such_o as_o they_o have_v great_a kindness_n for_o and_o confidence_n in_o to_o this_o court_n those_o that_o be_v within_o the_o homage_n and_o sometime_o those_o out_o of_o it_o be_v call_v to_o swear_v fidelity_n to_o the_o prince_n here_o also_o inquiry_n be_v make_v of_o privy_a conspiracy_n fray_n bloodshed_n and_o murder_n to_o which_o be_v add_v the_o oversight_n of_o measure_n and_o what_o offence_n be_v find_v especial_o great_a one_o aught_o to_o be_v certify_v to_o the_o justice_n of_o assize_n by_o a_o statute_n make_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o edward_n iii_o for_o in_o who_o manor_n soever_o this_o court_n be_v keep_v it_o be_v account_v
the_o king_n court_n because_o the_o authority_n thereof_o original_o belong_v to_o the_o crown_n in_o short_a this_o court_n first_o derive_v from_o the_o sheriff_n turn_v be_v ordinary_o keep_v but_o twice_o a_o year_n and_o that_o at_o certain_a time_n but_o there_o be_v another_o court_n incident_a to_o every_o manor_n call_v court-baron_n because_o in_o ancient_a time_n every_o lord_n of_o a_o manor_n be_v style_v baron_n to_o this_o court_n be_v all_o the_o tenant_n summon_v that_o belong_v to_o the_o manor_n where_o part_n of_o the_o tenant_n be_v swear_v make_v a_o jury_n which_o be_v not_o call_v the_o inquest_n but_o the_o homage_n here_o the_o steward_n sit_v as_o judge_n and_o direct_v the_o jury_n to_o inquire_v of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v proper_a for_o this_o court._n and_o these_o principal_o inquire_v of_o copy-holders_n and_o freeholders_n that_n be_v dead_a since_o the_o last_o court_n and_o bring_v in_o their_o heir_n and_o next_o successor_n they_o likewise_o inquire_v of_o any_o encroachment_n or_o intrusion_n of_o tenant_n against_o the_o lord_n or_o among_o themselves_o they_o also_o make_v order_n and_o law_n among_o themselves_o with_o a_o penalty_n annex_v for_o transgressor_n payable_a to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o manor_n in_o short_a these_o court_n be_v of_o great_a use_n for_o man_n that_o be_v willing_a to_o be_v order_v by_o their_o neighbour_n and_o who_o prefer_v their_o quiet_a and_o advantage_n in_o husbandry_n to_o the_o trouble_v and_o charge_n of_o law-suit_n otherwise_o either_o party_n may_v procure_v a_o writ_n out_o of_o a_o high_a court_n to_o remove_v the_o plea_n to_o westminster_n courts-baron_n may_v be_v hold_v every_o three_o week_n or_o at_o any_o long_a time_n according_a to_o the_o lord_n pleasure_n i_o conclude_v with_o constable_n call_v in_o some_o place_n headborough_n and_o in_o other_o tithing-man_n who_o office_n be_v only_o ministerial_a these_o man_n say_v sir_n thomas_n smith_n be_v former_o call_v custodes_fw-la pacis_fw-la or_o guardian_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o be_v in_o much_o great_a esteem_n than_o they_o be_v now_o who_o power_n and_o authority_n he_o suppose_v to_o have_v be_v equal_a with_o that_o of_o the_o present_a justice_n of_o peace_n lambert_n look_v upon_o this_o office_n as_o a_o stream_n of_o that_o great_a dignity_n lodge_v in_o the_o lord_n high_a constable_n of_o england_n out_o of_o this_o high_a magistracy_n say_v he_o be_v draw_v those_o low_a constable_n which_o we_o call_v constable_n of_o hundred_o and_o franchise_n first_o ordain_v by_o the_o statute_n of_o winchester_n 13_o ed._n i._n which_o appoint_v for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o view_v of_o armour_n two_o constable_n in_o every_o hundred_o and_o franchise_n call_v in_o latin_a constabularii_fw-la capitales_fw-la in_o english_a high_z constables_z and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o increase_n both_o of_o people_n and_o offence_n other_o be_v make_v in_o process_n of_o time_n call_v petty_a constable_n which_o be_v of_o like_a nature_n but_o of_o inferior_a authority_n to_o the_o other_o the_o office_n of_o a_o constable_n be_v proper_o to_o apprehend_v such_o as_o break_v the_o peace_n and_o common_a malefactor_n and_o even_a person_n suspect_v of_o any_o crime_n upon_o a_o charge_n give_v they_o or_o a_o warrant_n for_o it_o from_o a_o justice_n for_o a_o badge_n of_o his_o authority_n he_o carry_v a_o long_a staff_n paint_v with_o the_o king_n arm_n and_o for_o a_o surprise_n sometime_o he_o use_v a_o short_a staff_n which_o he_o hide_v till_o he_o think_v it_o convenient_a to_o produce_v it_o the_o party_n apprehend_v he_o keep_v in_o his_o custody_n till_o he_o can_v bring_v he_o before_o a_o justice_n of_o peace_n who_o upon_o a_o strict_a examination_n of_o the_o fact_n and_o hear_v of_o the_o evidence_n commit_v the_o party_n to_o prison_n if_o he_o see_v cause_n in_o order_n to_o his_o trial._n upon_o which_o the_o constable_n conduct_n he_o to_o prison_n and_o there_o deliver_v he_o to_o the_o gaolers_n custody_n with_o the_o committimus_fw-la direct_v by_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n to_o the_o jailer_n and_o the_o party_n must_o in_o prison_n till_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n do_v meet_v either_o at_o their_o quarter-session_n or_o at_o their_o goal-delivery_n when_o the_o prisoner_n be_v by_o law_n either_o condemn_v or_o acquit_v when_o he_o be_v upon_o duty_n and_o about_o to_o apprehend_v one_o he_o may_v call_v his_o neighbour_n to_o aid_v and_o whoever_o decline_v to_o give_v he_o assistance_n be_v liable_a by_o law_n to_o punishment_n in_o case_n of_o theft_n robbery_n or_o murder_n in_o a_o country_n town_n or_o village_n and_o the_o malefactor_n be_v upon_o flight_n the_o constable_n have_v notice_n of_o it_o be_v to_o raise_v the_o parish_n in_o pursuit_n of_o he_o and_o this_o be_v call_v hue_n and_o cry_n if_o the_o malefactor_n be_v not_o find_v in_o the_o parish_n the_o constable_n and_o his_o assistant_n be_v to_o go_v to_o the_o next_o to_o get_v the_o hue_n and_o cry_v raise_v there_o by_o the_o constable_n of_o it_o in_o this_o manner_n the_o hue_n and_o cry_n be_v carry_v from_o parish_n to_o parish_n till_o the_o criminal_a be_v find_v and_o that_o parish_n which_o do_v not_o do_v its_o duty_n but_o give_v way_n by_o its_o negligence_n for_o the_o malefactor_n escape_v be_v not_o only_o to_o pay_v a_o fine_a to_o the_o king_n but_o must_v repay_v to_o the_o party_n rob_v his_o damage_n when_o the_o malefactor_n be_v take_v he_o be_v present_o carry_v by_o the_o constable_n or_o any_o other_o by_o who_o he_o be_v apprehend_v to_o a_o justice_n of_o peace_n who_o examine_v the_o malefactor_n write_v the_o examination_n and_o if_o he_o do_v confess_v his_o confession_n then_o he_o bind_v the_o party_n rob_v or_o he_o that_o sue_v together_o with_o the_o constable_n and_o so_o many_o as_o can_v give_v evidence_n against_o the_o malefactor_n to_o appear_v at_o the_o next_o session_n of_o goal-delivery_n there_o to_o give_v their_o evidence_n for_o the_o king_n he_o bind_v they_o in_o a_o recognizance_n of_o 10._o 20._o 30._o 40._o or_o 100_o l._n more_fw-it or_o less_o according_a to_o his_o discretion_n and_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o crime_n which_o be_v certify_v under_o his_o hand_n fail_v not_o to_o be_v levy_v upon_o recognizance_n if_o they_o fail_v of_o be_v there_o thus_o the_o constable_n which_o former_o have_v much_o the_o same_o authority_n as_o our_o modern_a justice_n of_o peace_n be_v now_o subservient_fw-fr to_o they_o upon_o all_o occasion_n either_o to_o bring_v the_o criminal_n before_o they_o or_o to_o carry_v they_o by_o their_o command_n to_o the_o common_a prison_n and_o according_o this_o office_n do_v common_o fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o tradesman_n and_o artificer_n and_o man_n of_o small_a experience_n and_o ability_n who_o hold_v it_o for_o a_o year_n there_o be_v common_o two_o of_o they_o to_o each_o parish_n choose_v by_o the_o vestry_n but_o the_o hard_a part_n of_o their_o office_n in_o london_n especial_o be_v their_o watch_v a_o night_n and_o walk_v the_o round_n in_o their_o several_a parish_n but_o then_o they_o have_v the_o chief_a command_n of_o the_o watch_n and_o because_o seldom_o a_o great_a power_n appear_v abroad_o at_o that_o time_n therefore_o a_o constable_n come_v to_o be_v call_v the_o king_n of_o the_o night_n chap._n ix_o of_o the_o assize_n beside_o the_o public_a justice_n administer_v at_o four_o time_n of_o the_o year_n in_o westminster_n both_o for_o civil_a and_o criminal_a cause_n the_o twelve_o judge_n take_v twice_o a_o year_n a_o progress_n in_o the_o country_n and_o exercise_v their_o judicial_a power_n in_o the_o several_a county_n the_o king_n be_v please_v to_o appoint_v they_o for_o the_o time_n of_o the_o year_n fix_v for_o it_o be_v present_o after_o the_o end_n of_o hilary-term_n and_o after_o the_o end_n of_o trinity_n term_n that_o be_v call_v the_o lent_n and_o this_o the_o summer_n assizes_n in_o relation_n to_o which_o england_n be_v divide_v into_o six_o part_n call_v circuit_n viz._n 1._o home-circuit_n comprehend_v essex_n hartford_n sussex_n surrey_n kent_n 2._o norfolk_z circuit_n comprehend_v buck_n bedford_n huntingdon_n cambridge_n norfolk_n suffolk_n 3._o midland_n circuit_n comprehend_v warwick_n leicester_n derby_n nottingham_n lincoln_n rutland_n northampton_n 4._o oxford_n circuit_n comprehend_v berks_n oxon_n gloucester_n monmouth_n hereford_n salop_n stafford_n worcester_z 5._o western_a circuit_n comprehend_v southampton_n wilts_n dorset_n somerset_z cornwall_n devon_n 6._o northern_a circuit_n comprehend_v york_n durham_n northumberland_n cumberland_n westmoreland_n lancaster_n beside_o the_o two_o circuit_n for_o wales_n viz._n north_n and_o south_n wales_n for_o each_o of_o which_o two_o sergeant_n at_o law_n be_v appoint_v now_o these_o court_n be_v call_v assize_n and_o the_o judge_n
the_o letter_n t._n for_o a_o thief_n or_o m._n for_o manslayer_n then_o he_o be_v deliver_v to_o the_o bishop_n officer_n to_o be_v keep_v in_o the_o bishop_n prison_n from_o whence_o after_o a_o certain_a time_n he_o be_v deliver_v by_o a_o jury_n of_o clerk_n but_o if_o he_o be_v take_v and_o find_v guilty_a again_o and_o his_o mark_n discover_v then_o it_o be_v his_o lot_n to_o be_v hang_v but_o he_o who_o the_o jury_n pronounce_v not_o guilty_a be_v acquit_v forthwith_o and_o discharge_v pay_v the_o jailor_n his_o fe_n and_o as_o to_o those_o prisoner_n who_o stand_v not_o indict_v but_o be_v only_o send_v to_o prison_n upon_o suspicion_n the_o way_n be_v to_o proclaim_v they_o first_o in_o this_o manner_n a._n b._n prisoner_n stand_v here_o at_o the_o bar_n if_o any_o man_n can_v say_v any_o thing_n against_o he_o let_v he_o now_o speak_v for_o the_o prisoner_n stand_v at_o his_o deliverance_n if_o upon_o this_o no_o evidence_n appear_v against_o he_o he_o be_v set_v free_a pay_v the_o jailor_n his_o fe_n which_o way_n of_o deliverance_n be_v call_v deliverance_n by_o proclamation_n chap._n x._o of_o the_o court_n martial_n and_o court_n of_o admiralty_n the_o court_n martial_n otherwise_o call_v court_n of_o chivalry_n be_v the_o fountain_n of_o martial_a law_n and_o be_v only_o hold_v in_o time_n of_o war_n for_o martial_a discipline_n the_o proper_a judge_n of_o this_o court_n be_v the_o lord_n high_a constable_n and_o the_o earl_n marshal_n of_o england_n which_o last_o be_v also_o to_o see_v execution_n ●tone_n the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n be_v about_o maritime_a concern_v and_o the_o judge_n thereof_o be_v common_o 〈◊〉_d dr._n of_o the_o civil_a law_n for_o the_o sea_n be_v out_o of_o the_o reach_n of_o the_o common_a law_n the_o proceed_v of_o this_o court_n in_o all_o civil_a matter_n be_v according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n and_o whereas_o the_o sea_n by_o its_o flux_n and_o re●ux_n advance_v and_o runs-back_a twice_o a_o day_n which_o make_v the_o bound_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o land_n ●ovable_a every_o day_n it_o be_v agree_v upon_o that_o 〈◊〉_d far_o as_o the_o low-water_n mark_n be_v observe_v be_v within_o the_o county_n jurisdiction_n and_o cause_n ●ence_o arise_v be_v determinable_a by_o the_o common_a law_n but_o upon_o a_o full_a tide_n the_o admiral_n have_v ●urisdiction_n as_o long_o as_o the_o sea-flows_a over_o ●ll_a matter_n do_v between_o the_o low-water_n mark_n and_o the_o land_n so_o that_o here_o be_v as_o dr._n chamberlain_n say_v divisum_fw-la imperium_fw-la between_o the_o common_a law_n and_o the_o court_n of_o admiralty_n beside_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o this_o court_n proceed_v by_o great_a use_n be_v make_v here_o of_o the_o maritime_a law_n of_o rhodes_n and_o oleron_n two_o island_n the_o former_a whereof_o be_v in_o the_o mediterranean_n not_o far_o from_o the_o continent_n of_o asia_n the_o other_o in_o the_o ocean_n near_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o garonne_n in_o the_o bay_n of_o aquitain_n the_o rhodian_a law_n be_v compile_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o rhodes_n a_o people_n ancient_o very_o powerful_a at_o sea_n and_o who_o maritime_a law_n be_v esteem_v so_o just_a and_o equitable_a that_o the_o very_a roman_n so_o skilful_a in_o make_v of_o good_a law_n refer_v all_o debate_n and_o controversy_n in_o sea-affair_n to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o rhodian_a law_n those_o of_o oleron_n call_v le_fw-fr rolle_n d'_fw-fr oleron_n be_v make_v by_o order_n of_o king_n richard_n i_o the●_n possess_v of_o aquitain_n and_o be_v at_o oleron_n which_o prove_v such_o excellent_a law_n for_o sea-matter_n that_o they_o come_v to_o be_v almost_o a●_n much_o respect_v and_o make_v use_n of_o in_o these_o western_a part_n as_o the_o rhodian_a law_n in_o the_o levant_n to_o which_o king_n edward_n iii_o add_v very_o excellent_a constitution_n concern_v maritime_a affair_n still_o in_o force_n in_o imitation_n whereof_o several_a other_o seafaring_a nation_n have_v do_v the_o like_a for_o their_o respective_a sea-trade_n as_o to_o criminal_a matter_n especial_o about_o piracy_n the_o proceed_v in_o this_o court_n of_o admiralty_n be_v according_a to_o the_o civil_a law_n till_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n viii_o when_o two_o statute_n be_v make_v for_o criminal_a matter_n to_o be_v trie●_n by_o witness_n and_o a_o jury_n by_o the_o king_n special_a commission_n to_o the_o lord_n admiral_n where_o 〈◊〉_d some_o judge_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v ever_o commissioner_n the_o writ_n and_o decree_n of_o this_o court_n run_v in_o ●he_n name_n of_o the_o lord_n high_a admiral_n or_o lord_n commissioner_n execute_v that_o office_n and_o be_v direct_v to_o all_o vice-admirals_n justice_n of_o ●ace_n mayor_n sheriff_n bailiff_n constables●●arshals_n and_o other_o officer_n and_o minister_n as_o ●ell_v within_o liberty_n as_o without_o to_o this_o court_n belong_v a_o register_n and_o a_o mar●al_n the_o marshal_n attend_v the_o court_n and_o car●es_v a_o silver_n oar_n before_o the_o judge_n whereon_o ●e_a the_o king_n arm_n and_o the_o lord_n high_a ●_z here_o the_o lord_n admiral_n have_v his_o advocate_n ●d_a proctor_n by_o who_o all_o other_o advocate_n and_o proctor_n be_v present_v and_o admit_v by_o the_o ●●dge_n all_o the_o place_n and_o office_n belong_v 〈◊〉_d this_o court_n be_v in_o the_o gift_n of_o the_o lord_n ●●igh_a admiral_n and_o now_o of_o the_o lord_n commissioner_n the_o court_n be_v hold_v in_o the_o afternoon_n in_o the_o common_a hall_n at_o drs._n commons_o but_o the_o ad●iralty-session_n for_o the_o trial_n of_o malefator_n and_o crime_n commit_v at_o sea_n be_v still_o ●eld_v at_o the_o ancient_a place_n viz._n s._n margaret_n ●ll_a in_o southwark_n cahp._n xi_o of_o the_o court_n of_o marshalsea_n the_o court_n of_o conscience_n the_o court_n of_o request_n disuse_v the_o forest-court_n and_o pie-powder_n court_v the_o first_o be_v the_o court_n or_o seat_n of_o the_o knight_n marshal_n of_o the_o king_n house_n where_o he_o judge_n of_o 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