§_o 12._o i_o come_v now_o to_o consider_v that_o together_o with_o the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o visible_a world_n of_o which_o ourselves_o make_v but_o a_o small_a part_n there_o be_v likewise_o convey_v into_o our_o mind_n by_o our_o sense_n a_o certain_a knowledge_n 1._o of_o divers_a natural_a outward_a good_n 2._o and_o those_o not_o only_o peculiar_a to_o ourselves_o alone_o but_o common_a to_o all_o those_o of_o our_o own_o kind_n 3._o of_o which_o good_n some_o be_v great_a than_o other_o and_o that_o good_a which_o have_v none_o that_o we_o know_v excel_v it_o we_o may_v call_v the_o great_a or_o high_a 4._o also_o of_o those_o some_o be_v common_o in_o our_o power_n other_o we_o understand_v to_o exceed_v the_o narrow_a limit_n of_o our_o humane_a force_n but_o since_o the_o nature_n of_o these_o thing_n be_v by_o two_o several_a way_n discover_v to_o we_o either_o more_o confuse_o by_o common_a experience_n and_o daily_a observation_n or_o else_o more_o distinct_o from_o experimental_a philosophy_n and_o the_o mathematics_n the_o former_a of_o these_o method_n be_v easy_a and_o obvious_a to_o every_o one_o i_o shall_v rather_o make_v use_n of_o that_o whereas_o the_o other_o will_v be_v only_o proper_a for_o philosopher_n and_o mathematician_n since_o the_o ground_n or_o principle_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n aught_o to_o be_v alike_o evident_a to_o the_o illiterate_a as_o well_o as_o to_o the_o learned_a for_o all_o be_v under_o the_o like_a obligation_n to_o observe_v they_o and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v only_o put_v you_o in_o mind_n of_o such_o vulgar_a and_o easy_a observation_n which_o no_o rational_a man_n can_v dispute_v or_o deny_v and_o such_o as_o from_o which_o i_o undertake_v to_o prove_v that_o the_o knowledge_n and_o coherence_n of_o the_o term_n of_o this_o proposition_n may_v evident_o be_v deduce_v §_o 13._o our_o first_o natural_a observation_n therefore_o be_v that_o by_o our_o free_a use_n and_o enjoyment_n of_o those_o product_n of_o the_o earth_n that_o come_v under_o the_o general_a title_n of_o food_n clothe_v house_n etc._n etc._n and_o also_o by_o that_o help_n or_o assistance_n which_o one_o or_o more_o person_n can_v afford_v each_o other_o man_n may_v be_v preserve_v and_o live_v as_o happy_o and_o content_o for_o several_a year_n as_o their_o frail_a nature_n will_v permit_v and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n that_o these_o effect_n be_v not_o only_o agreeable_a but_o necessary_a to_o our_o nature_n be_v natural_o good_a as_o tend_v to_o their_o preservation_n or_o perfection_n and_o therefore_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n man_n affection_n from_o whence_o these_o outward_a thing_n and_o act_n do_v proceed_v and_o which_o produce_v all_o these_o good_a effect_n be_v conceive_v under_o the_o notion_n of_o good_a will_n or_o benevolence_n which_o must_v be_v also_o good_a since_o whatever_o goodness_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o effect_n must_v be_v likewise_o in_o the_o cause_n and_o we_o be_v also_o sensible_a that_o by_o this_o benevolence_n we_o be_v not_o only_o able_a to_o help_v ourselves_o or_o some_o few_o person_n but_o many_o other_o as_o well_o by_o our_o advice_n as_o by_o our_o strength_n and_o industry_n especial_o when_o we_o see_v divers_a other_o of_o our_o own_o kind_n who_o be_v able_a and_o seem_v also_o willing_a to_o requite_v we_o in_o the_o like_a manner_n so_o that_o each_o of_o we_o in_o particular_a may_v be_v provide_v with_o a_o sufficient_a stock_n of_o all_o the_o necessary_n of_o life_n by_o our_o mutual_a help_n and_o assistance_n all_o which_o will_v not_o only_o be_v want_v to_o we_o but_o we_o shall_v be_v expose_v to_o innumerable_a mischief_n and_o hazard_n as_o also_o to_o a_o great_a want_n even_o of_o necessary_n if_o all_o person_n look_v only_o to_o themselves_o shall_v always_o show_v themselves_o ill-natured_a malevolent_a and_o enemy_n towards_o other_o rational_a being_n whereas_o the_o contrary_a endeavour_n be_v thus_o helpful_a and_o necessary_a to_o so_o many_o other_o may_v easy_o and_o natural_o produce_v in_o our_o mind_n a_o notion_n of_o this_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n which_o from_o the_o obvious_a similitude_n of_o rational_a being_n to_o each_o other_o must_v equal_o respect_v all_o those_o which_o we_o have_v opportunity_n or_o occasion_n of_o know_v or_o converse_v with_o as_o also_o those_o with_o who_o we_o have_v not_o §_o 14._o and_o i_o may_v add_v far_o from_o constant_a experience_n that_o we_o be_v able_a to_o contribute_v more_o to_o the_o good_a and_o assistance_n of_o those_o of_o our_o own_o kind_n than_o any_o other_o creature_n because_o their_o nature_n and_o consequent_o what_o be_v good_a or_o destructive_a to_o it_o be_v more_o evident_a to_o we_o from_o the_o knowledge_n we_o have_v of_o ourselves_o than_o of_o other_o creature_n for_o as_o our_o nature_n be_v capable_a of_o more_o and_o great_a good_n than_o they_o and_o in_o the_o attain_n of_o which_o we_o can_v better_o assist_v each_o other_o so_o we_o must_v also_o confess_v it_o to_o be_v liable_a to_o great_a danger_n and_o calamity_n for_o the_o decline_a and_o remove_v of_o which_o god_n have_v appoint_v our_o mutual_a benevolence_n express_v by_o our_o endeavour_n and_o assistance_n of_o each_o other_o as_o the_o most_o suitable_a and_o necessary_a mean_n thereunto_o §_o 15._o and_o we_o may_v also_o observe_v that_o by_o our_o advice_n and_o counsel_n communicate_v by_o apt_a sign_n or_o word_n we_o be_v able_a to_o contribute_v many_o help_n and_o conveniency_n of_o life_n to_o those_o of_o our_o own_o kind_n of_o which_o other_o animal_n be_v altogether_o uncapable_a either_o of_o act_v or_o receive_v and_o far_o because_o of_o the_o similitude_n of_o those_o of_o our_o own_o kind_n with_o ourselves_o we_o can_v but_o think_v it_o agreeable_a to_o our_o rational_a nature_n to_o do_v or_o to_o procure_v the_o like_a thing_n for_o they_o as_o for_o ourselves_o and_o can_v also_o be_v sensible_a of_o great_a motive_n to_o benefit_n man_n than_o other_o creature_n since_o we_o have_v all_o the_o reason_n to_o hope_v that_o those_o we_o have_v thus_o do_v good_a to_o or_o oblige_v be_v move_v by_o our_o benefit_n will_v make_v we_o a_o suitable_a return_n whenever_o it_o lie_v in_o their_o power_n and_o that_o they_o may_v one_o time_n or_o other_o in_o the_o like_a or_o some_o other_o way_n oblige_v we_o so_o that_o it_o be_v evident_a from_o common_a experience_n that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o large_a possession_n nor_o any_o sure_a defence_n for_o mankind_n than_o the_o most_o sincere_a piety_n towards_o god_n the_o head_n of_o rational_a being_n and_o the_o most_o diffusive_a love_n and_o sincere_a benevolence_n of_o all_o person_n towards_o each_o other_o since_o if_o they_o prove_v malevolent_a or_o ill-natured_a they_o may_v easy_o bereave_v we_o of_o all_o thing_n we_o enjoy_v together_o with_o our_o life_n itself_o nor_o can_v the_o love_n or_o goodwill_n of_o other_o be_v obtain_v by_o any_o more_o certain_a or_o powerful_a mean_n than_o that_o every_o one_o shall_v show_v himself_o so_o affect_v in_o his_o action_n towards_o other_o as_o he_o desire_v they_o shall_v be_v towards_o himself_o that_o be_v love_v and_o benevolent_a upon_o all_o occasion_n though_o more_o particular_o to_o those_o to_o who_o we_o be_v oblige_v by_o friendship_n or_o relation_n §_o 16._o last_o of_o all_o the_o same_o experience_n that_o demonstrate_v the_o mutual_a benevolence_n of_o particular_a person_n to_o be_v the_o most_o powerful_a cause_n of_o their_o felicity_n do_v as_o necessary_o teach_v we_o from_o a_o like_a parity_n of_o reason_n that_o the_o love_n or_o goodwill_n of_o any_o great_a number_n of_o man_n towards_o any_o the_o like_a number_n have_v alike_o proportionable_a effect_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o constant_a malice_n or_o ill-will_a of_o all_o man_n towards_o all_o express_v by_o suitable_a action_n will_v soon_o bring_v destruction_n to_o the_o whole_a race_n of_o mankind_n since_o it_o will_v soon_o destroy_v all_o the_o cause_n requisite_a to_o their_o happiness_n and_o wellbeing_a and_o introduce_v a_o perpetual_a enmity_n and_o war_n which_o be_v the_o certain_a cause_n of_o the_o great_a misery_n and_o calamity_n which_o can_v befall_v mankind_n all_o which_o though_o mr._n h._n himself_o acknowledge_v yet_o he_o will_v not_o own_o the_o necessity_n of_o man_n mutual_a love_n and_o concord_n to_o be_v also_o as_o necessary_a to_o their_o preservation_n but_o why_o the_o cause_n of_o man_n preservation_n and_o happiness_n as_o be_v prior_n in_o nature_n shall_v not_o be_v more_o evident_a than_o those_o of_o their_o destruction_n since_o the_o one_o be_v altogether_o as_o evident_a and_o necessary_a and_o may_v be_v as_o easy_o foresee_v and_o prevent_v as_o the_o other_o i_o can_v see_v no_o reason_n and_o i_o shall_v be_v
be_v not_o needful_a for_o themselves_o §_o 10._o the_o next_o observation_n we_o make_v be_v from_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o sense_n as_o also_o the_o imagination_n and_o memory_n in_o animal_n when_o they_o be_v take_v up_o and_o employ_v about_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n for_o since_o from_o the_o impression_n make_v on_o their_o organ_n of_o sense_n they_o can_v but_o perceive_v that_o such_o creature_n be_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o themselves_o such_o notion_n must_v from_o the_o constitution_n of_o their_o nature_n move_v they_o to_o somewhat_o a_o like_a affection_n towards_o they_o as_o towards_o themselves_o but_o i_o shall_v here_o avoid_v all_o controversy_n concern_v the_o knowledge_n of_o brute_n or_o which_o way_n their_o affection_n be_v move_v by_o their_o imagination_n and_o shall_v only_o suppose_v that_o their_o imagination_n excite_v their_o passion_n and_o that_o these_o passion_n do_v likewise_o often_o produce_v the_o like_a motion_n or_o inclination_n in_o their_o fellow_n animal_n from_o whence_o i_o collect_v that_o this_o similitude_n of_o nature_n do_v high_o conduce_v to_o the_o procure_n of_o benevolence_n or_o concord_n among_o those_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n unless_o there_o be_v some_o unaccountable_a antipathy_n or_o dissimilitude_n of_o disposition_n which_o may_v happen_v to_o excite_v enmity_n or_o discord_n between_o they_o which_o yet_o not_o often_o happen_v whence_o it_o follow_v that_o animal_n as_o long_o as_o they_o be_v in_o their_o right_a sense_n and_o be_v mindful_a of_o themselves_o can_v forget_v other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n since_o under_o the_o same_o idea_n by_o which_o they_o conceive_v their_o own_o nature_n and_o the_o necessity_n thereof_o they_o can_v but_o have_v a_o idea_n of_o that_o of_o other_o of_o the_o same_o species_n with_o themselves_o and_o must_v also_o be_v sensible_a that_o such_o animal_n be_v urge_v by_o the_o like_a appetite_n of_o hunger_n and_o thirst_n as_o themselves_o be_v thereby_o move_v to_o seek_v food_n when_o hungry_a or_o thirsty_a and_o can_v but_o be_v also_o sensible_a that_o it_o be_v high_o grateful_a to_o they_o when_o the_o use_n of_o these_o necessary_n be_v leave_v free_a and_o undisturbed_a or_o else_o be_v administer_v to_o they_o by_o other_o or_o that_o they_o be_v any_o way_n assist_v by_o they_o in_o the_o obtain_v they_o §_o 11._o but_o since_o idea_n of_o this_o sort_n do_v constant_o spring_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o animal_n as_o also_o produce_v perpetual_a motion_n to_o love_n or_o goodwill_n arise_v necessary_o from_o this_o similitude_n of_o nature_n it_o also_o follow_v that_o they_o never_o so_o far_o deviate_v from_o their_o natural_a state_n as_o when_o through_o madness_n or_o any_o other_o violent_a appetite_n or_o passion_n they_o act_n contrary_a to_o these_o first_o and_o most_o natural_a dictate_v as_o all_o man_n grant_v it_o to_o be_v a_o preternatural_a disease_n in_o a_o dog_n when_o seize_v with_o madness_n he_o bite_v all_o other_o dog_n he_o meet_v with_o or_o when_o a_o sow_n through_o a_o deprave_a appetite_n eat_v she_o own_o pig_n nor_o indeed_o can_v i_o see_v any_o reason_n why_o all_o other_o kind_n of_o inordinate_a passion_n which_o disturb_v the_o natural_a disposition_n of_o a_o animal_n so_o as_o to_o make_v it_o do_v extravagant_a action_n and_o hurtful_a to_o its_o own_o species_n without_o any_o just_a cause_n such_o as_o anger_n and_o vehement_a envy_n often_o time_n produce_v may_v not_o be_v just_o esteem_v as_o preternatural_a distemper_n of_o the_o blood_n or_o brain_n very_o like_a to_o that_o of_o a_o mad_a dog_n for_o there_o often_o appear_v in_o those_o that_o be_v transport_v with_o these_o passion_n all_o the_o symptom_n of_o those_o disease_n that_o proceed_v from_o a_o overflow_n of_o choler_n or_o a_o violent_a effervescence_n of_o the_o blood_n such_o as_o a_o icterial_a blackness_n of_o the_o face_n paralytic_a tremble_n and_o other_o sign_n well_o enough_o know_v to_o physician_n nor_o be_v a_o immoderate_a needless_a fear_n of_o animal_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n to_o be_v less_o reckon_v among_o such_o disease_n since_o it_o be_v not_o only_o preternatural_a or_o beside_o their_o constitution_n when_o in_o health_n but_o do_v likewise_o as_o well_o as_o other_o disease_n destroy_v the_o body_n by_o drive_v they_o into_o a_o immoderate_a sadness_n unseasonable_a solitude_n and_o watch_n with_o other_o symptom_n of_o predominant_a melancholy_n whence_o a_o untimely_a death_n be_v often_o accelerate_a neither_o can_v there_o be_v any_o mean_a or_o end_v put_v to_o this_o unreasonable_a fear_n when_o once_o the_o mind_n be_v touch_v and_o infect_v with_o a_o false_a imagination_n that_o all_o other_o man_n design_v to_o kill_v and_o destroy_v they_o which_o madness_n be_v very_o like_a that_o of_o those_o who_o be_v bite_v by_o a_o mad_a dog_n be_v afraid_a of_o water_n and_o all_o liquid_n though_o they_o can_v live_v without_o they_o of_o which_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o a_o famous_a example_n in_o the_o french_a chronicle_n of_o king_n charles_n vi._n prince_n who_o be_v seize_v with_o a_o violent_a apprehension_n that_o all_o his_o servant_n be_v bribe_v by_o his_o son_n the_o dauphin_n to_o poison_v he_o do_v quite_o abstain_v from_o all_o food_n till_o at_o last_o he_o die_v as_o true_o of_o hunger_n as_o fear_n §_o 12._o and_o it_o be_v evident_a and_o mr._n h._n himself_o confess_v it_o that_o man_n as_o well_o as_o other_o sociable_a animal_n do_v more_o or_o less_o delight_n in_o the_o society_n of_o each_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n as_o may_v be_v observe_v from_o those_o sign_n of_o joy_n and_o satisfaction_n which_o they_o express_v when_o they_o meet_v after_o any_o long_a absence_n but_o since_o it_o be_v as_o plain_a that_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o association_n and_o agreement_n proceed_v from_o the_o intrinseck_n nature_n of_o the_o creature_n and_o be_v no_o other_o than_o those_o by_o which_o the_o blood_n spirit_n and_o nerve_n be_v continue_v and_o preserve_v in_o a_o due_a and_o healthy_a state_n it_o as_o evident_o follow_v that_o the_o safety_n and_o preservation_n of_o each_o of_o they_o can_v be_v separate_v from_o a_o propension_n at_o least_o to_o a_o friendly_a association_n with_o those_o of_o their_o own_o kind_n so_o that_o though_o they_o sometime_o quarrel_v about_o the_o same_o meat_n or_o female_a yet_o this_o do_v not_o any_o way_n cross_v or_o contradict_v this_o great_a end_n of_o nature_n of_o procure_v the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o universe_n but_o be_v rather_o in_o order_n to_o it_o viz._n when_o the_o desire_n of_o food_n in_o order_n to_o their_o own_o preservation_n or_o lust_n to_o propagate_v their_o species_n prompt_v they_o to_o fight_v and_o sometime_o to_o destroy_v each_o other_o the_o time_n of_o which_o contention_n be_v yet_o but_o small_a in_o comparison_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o their_o life_n in_o which_o they_o be_v observe_v to_o live_v in_o peace_n and_o that_o all_o animal_n be_v determine_v by_o nature_n to_o prosecute_v and_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o their_o own_o species_n by_o the_o same_o cause_n that_o preserve_v the_o life_n of_o each_o of_o they_o in_o particular_a appear_v from_o the_o great_a love_n and_o kindness_n which_o creature_n of_o the_o same_o species_n but_o of_o different_a sex_n express_v towards_o each_o other_o and_o by_o virtue_n of_o which_o they_o perform_v the_o act_n of_o generation_n so_o high_o grateful_a and_o please_a to_o each_o other_o and_o thereby_o propagate_v their_o offspring_n which_o when_o bring_v forth_o they_o love_v and_o defend_v as_o part_v of_o themselves_o unless_o some_o unusual_a distemper_n intervene_v which_o may_v sometime_o disturb_v or_o change_v these_o natural_a propension_n as_o when_o sow_n or_o rabbit_n eat_v or_o destroy_v their_o young_a one_o which_o happen_v but_o seldom_o be_v rather_o to_o be_v account_v among_o the_o disease_n of_o the_o brain_n or_o distemper_n of_o the_o appetite_n than_o to_o be_v ascribe_v to_o their_o natural_a state_n or_o constitution_n and_o do_v no_o more_o contradict_v this_o general_a law_n of_o nature_n than_o the_o ascent_n of_o water_n in_o a_o pump_n do_v oppose_v that_o general_a rule_n of_o the_o constant_a descent_n of_o heavy_a body_n so_o that_o we_o may_v for_o all_o that_o affirm_v that_o the_o procreation_n of_o their_o young_a and_o that_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o natural_a affection_n they_o have_v for_o they_o and_o desire_v of_o breed_v they_o up_o till_o they_o be_v able_a to_o shift_v for_o themselves_o be_v seldom_o or_o never_o separate_v for_o preservation_n be_v but_o as_o it_o be_v the_o generation_n of_o the_o same_o creature_n still_o continue_v so_o that_o the_o same_o natural_a cause_n excite_v animal_n to_o the_o one_o as_o well_o as_o the_o other_o but_o
not_o but_o you_o will_v find_v in_o the_o body_n of_o this_o discourse_n that_o it_o have_v all_o thing_n necessary_a to_o render_v it_o so_o viz._n god_n consider_v as_o a_o legislator_n and_o his_o will_n or_o command_v sufficient_o declare_v to_o we_o as_o a_o law_n from_o the_o very_a constitution_n of_o our_o nature_n as_o also_o of_o other_o thing_n without_o we_o and_o likewise_o establish_v by_o sufficient_a reward_n and_o punishment_n both_o in_o this_o life_n and_o the_o next_o neither_o do_v we_o suppose_v it_o can_v be_v more_o evident_o prove_v that_o god_n be_v the_o author_n of_o all_o thing_n than_o that_o he_o be_v also_o the_o author_n of_o this_o proposition_n concern_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n or_o concern_v his_o own_o honour_n and_o worship_n conjoin_v with_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n and_o though_o i_o confess_v we_o have_v be_v more_o exact_a and_o have_v dwell_v long_o upon_o the_o reward_n that_o we_o may_v expect_v from_o the_o observation_n of_o this_o law_n than_o upon_o the_o punishment_n which_o be_v appoint_v for_o the_o breach_n of_o it_o and_o though_o i_o know_v the_o civilian_n have_v rather_o place_v the_o sanction_n of_o civil_a law_n in_o punishment_n than_o reward_n yet_o i_o hope_v we_o have_v not_o offend_v though_o we_o a_o little_a deviate_v from_o their_o sense_n and_o make_v it_o part_n of_o the_o sanction_n of_o this_o law_n that_o it_o be_v establish_v by_o reward_n as_o well_o as_o punishment_n since_o it_o seem_v more_o agreeable_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n who_o footstep_n be_v strict_o to_o be_v follow_v to_o consider_v the_o positive_a idea_n of_o cause_n and_o effect_n in_o our_o mind_n and_o which_o do_v not_o receive_v either_o negation_n or_o privation_n by_o our_o outward_a sense_n and_o our_o affection_n ought_v rather_o to_o be_v move_v by_o the_o love_n or_o hope_n of_o a_o present_a or_o future_a good_a than_o by_o the_o fear_n or_o hatred_n of_o the_o contrary_a evil_n for_o as_o no_o man_n be_v say_v to_o love_n life_n health_n and_o those_o grateful_a motion_n of_o the_o nerve_n or_o spirit_n which_o be_v call_v corporeal_a pleasure_n because_o he_o may_v avoid_v death_n sickness_n or_o pain_n but_o rather_o from_o their_o own_o intrinsic_a goodness_n or_o agreeableness_n with_o our_o humane_a nature_n so_o likewise_o no_o rational_a man_n desire_v the_o perfection_n of_o the_o mind_n to_o wit_n the_o more_o ample_a and_o distinct_a knowledge_n of_o the_o most_o noble_a object_n the_o most_o happy_a state_n of_o rational_a being_n can_v only_o give_v he_o and_o all_o this_o not_o only_o that_o he_o may_v avoid_v the_o mischief_n of_o ignorance_n envy_n and_o malevolence_n but_o because_o of_o that_o great_a happiness_n which_o he_o find_v by_o experience_n to_o spring_v from_o such_o virtuous_a action_n and_o habit_n and_o which_o render_v it_o most_o ungrateful_a to_o we_o to_o be_v deprive_v of_o they_o and_o so_o the_o cause_n also_o of_o such_o privation_n be_v judge_v high_o grievous_a and_o troublesome_a from_o whence_o it_o also_o appear_v that_o even_o civil_a law_n themselves_o when_o they_o be_v establish_v by_o punishment_n e._n g._n by_o the_o fear_n of_o death_n or_o loss_n of_o good_n if_o we_o consider_v the_o thing_n true_o do_v indeed_o force_v man_n to_o yield_v obedience_n to_o they_o from_o the_o love_n of_o life_n or_o riches_n which_o they_o find_v can_v only_o be_v preserve_v by_o their_o observation_n so_o that_o the_o avoid_n of_o death_n and_o poverty_n be_v but_o in_o other_o word_n love_v of_o life_n and_o riches_n as_o he_o who_o by_o two_o negative_n will_v say_v he_o will_v not_o want_v life_n mean_v no_o more_o but_o that_o he_o desire_v to_o enjoy_v it_o to_o which_o we_o may_v likewise_o add_v that_o civil_a law_n themselves_o ought_v to_o be_v consider_v from_o the_o end_n which_o the_o lawmaker_n regard_v in_o make_v they_o as_o also_o which_o all_o good_a subject_n design_n in_o observe_v they_o to_o wit_n the_o public_a good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n part_n of_o which_o be_v communicate_v to_o all_o of_o they_o in_o particular_a and_o so_o bring_v with_o it_o a_o natural_a reward_n of_o their_o obedience_n rather_o than_o from_o the_o punishment_n they_o threaten_v by_o who_o fear_n some_o only_o be_v deter_v from_o violate_v they_o and_o those_o of_o the_o worst_a and_o most_o wicked_a sort_n of_o men._n but_o though_o we_o have_v show_v that_o the_o sum_n of_o all_o the_o precept_n or_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o also_o of_o the_o sanction_n annex_v to_o they_o be_v brief_o contain_v in_o this_o proposition_n yet_o it_o be_v subject_a be_v still_o but_o a_o endeavour_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o our_o power_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o whole_a system_n of_o rational_a being_n this_o limitation_n of_o the_o utmost_a of_o our_o power_n imply_v that_o we_o do_v not_o think_v ourselves_o capable_a of_o add_v any_o thing_n to_o the_o divine_a perfection_n which_o we_o willing_o acknowledge_v to_o be_v beyond_o our_o power_n so_o that_o here_o be_v at_o once_o express_v both_o our_o love_n towards_o god_n and_o good_a will_n to_o mankind_n who_o be_v the_o constituent_a part_n of_o this_o system_fw-la but_o the_o predicate_v of_o this_o proposition_n be_v that_o which_o conduce_v to_o the_o good_a of_o all_o its_o singular_a part_n or_o member_n and_o in_o which_o our_o own_o happiness_n be_v contain_v as_o one_o part_n thereof_o since_o all_o those_o good_a thing_n which_o we_o can_v do_v for_o other_o be_v but_o the_o effect_n of_o this_o endeavour_n so_o that_o the_o sum_n of_o all_o those_o good_n of_o which_o also_o our_o own_o felicity_n consist_v can_v never_o be_v miss_v of_o either_o in_o this_o life_n or_o a_o better_a as_o the_o reward_n of_o our_o obedience_n thereunto_o so_o to_o the_o contrary_a action_n misery_n in_o this_o life_n or_o in_o that_o to_o come_v be_v the_o punishment_n natural_o due_a but_o the_o connexion_n of_o the_o predicate_v with_o the_o subject_a be_v both_o the_o foundation_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o proposition_n and_o also_o a_o demonstration_n of_o the_o natural_a connexion_n between_o this_o obedience_n and_o the_o reward_n as_o also_o between_o the_o transgression_n and_o the_o punishment_n from_o whence_o the_o reader_n will_v easy_o observe_v the_o true_a reason_n for_o which_o this_o practical_a proposition_n and_o all_o other_o which_o may_v be_v draw_v from_o thence_o do_v oblige_v all_o rational_a creature_n to_o know_v and_o understand_v it_o whilst_o other_o proposition_n suppose_v geometrical_a one_o though_o find_v out_o by_o right_a reason_n and_o so_o be_v truth_n proceed_v from_o god_n himself_o yet_o do_v not_o oblige_v man_n to_o any_o act_n or_o practise_v pursuant_n to_o they_o but_o may_v be_v safe_o neglect_v by_o most_o man_n to_o who_o the_o science_n of_o geometry_n may_v not_o be_v necessary_a whereas_o the_o effect_n of_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o common_a good_a do_v intimate_o concern_v the_o happiness_n of_o all_o mankind_n upon_o who_o joint_n or_o concurrent_a will_n and_o endeavour_n every_o single_a man_n happiness_n do_v after_o some_o sort_n depend_v so_o that_o this_o endeavour_n can_v by_o no_o mean_n be_v neglect_v without_o endanger_v the_o lose_v all_o those_o hope_n of_o happiness_n which_o god_n have_v make_v know_v to_o we_o from_o our_o own_o nature_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n and_o so_o have_v sufficient_o declare_v the_o connexion_n of_o reward_n and_o punishment_n with_o all_o our_o moral_a action_n from_o who_o authority_n as_o well_o this_o general_a proposition_n as_o all_o other_o which_o be_v contain_v in_o it_o must_v be_v understand_v to_o become_v law_n so_o that_o from_o the_o term_n of_o this_o proposition_n it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o adequate_a and_o immediate_a effect_n of_o our_o thus_o act_v and_o concern_v which_o this_o law_n be_v establish_v be_v whatever_n be_v grateful_a to_o god_n and_o beneficial_a to_o man_n that_o be_v the_o natural_a good_a of_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a system_n of_o rational_a being_n nay_o further_o be_v the_o great_a of_o all_o good_n which_o we_o can_v imagine_v or_o perform_v for_o they_o since_o it_o be_v great_a than_o the_o like_a good_a of_o any_o particular_a part_n or_o member_n of_o the_o same_o system_fw-la and_o far_o it_o be_v thereby_o sufficient_o declare_v that_o the_o felicity_n of_o particular_a person_n be_v derive_v from_o this_o happy_a state_n of_o the_o whole_a system_n as_o the_o nutrition_n of_o any_o one_o member_n of_o a_o animal_n be_v produce_v by_o a_o due_a distribution_n of_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o blood_n diffuse_v through_o all_o the_o part_n of_o the_o body_n from_o whence_o it_o appear_v that_o this_o effect_n must_v needs_o be_v the_o best_a since_o it_o
occupancy_n or_o possession_n since_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o this_o more_o exact_a property_n or_o dominion_n consist_v in_o a_o strict_a and_o more_o limit_v use_n of_o these_o thing_n have_v a_o great_a efficacy_n in_o order_n to_o the_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n of_o that_o nation_n or_o part_n of_o mankind_n which_o have_v thus_o agree_v to_o it_o than_o the_o bare_a occupancy_n or_o possession_n of_o these_o thing_n have_v before_o such_o a_o division_n make_v or_o agree_v upon_o nor_o can_v it_o now_o be_v alter_v however_o perhaps_o hard_a and_o unequal_a it_o may_v prove_v to_o some_o particular_a person_n since_o it_o will_v always_o conduce_v to_o the_o happiness_n and_o tranquillity_n of_o each_o particular_a civil_a society_n or_o commonweal_n that_o it_o shall_v continue_v as_o it_o do_v than_o it_o shall_v be_v still_o alter_v according_a to_o every_o man_n be_v particular_a fancy_n or_o interest_n since_o such_o a_o change_n can_v never_o be_v make_v without_o inconceivable_a discontent_n and_o civil_a dissension_n which_o will_v quick_o end_v in_o open_a violence_n and_o hostility_n §_o 30._o so_o that_o from_o these_o principle_n here_o lay_v down_o there_o be_v no_o right_o confer_v upon_o any_o man_n of_o do_v whatever_o his_o own_o wild_a fancy_n or_o unbounded_a appetite_n may_v prompt_v he_o to_o but_o only_o what_o he_o shall_v according_a to_o right_a reason_n true_o judge_v necessary_a to_o his_o own_o or_o family_n happiness_n and_o preservation_n in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n therefore_o i_o here_o desire_v you_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o whatever_o right_o we_o enjoy_v even_o to_o the_o thing_n most_o necessary_a for_o our_o preservation_n it_o be_v found_v if_o not_o in_o the_o precept_n yet_o at_o least_o permission_n of_o this_o great_a law_n of_o nature_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n when_o we_o true_o judge_v according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n concern_v the_o mean_n necessary_a and_o conduce_v to_o this_o great_a end_n so_o that_o it_o can_v never_o be_v prove_v that_o any_o one_o have_v a_o right_a of_o preserve_v himself_o unless_o it_o be_v first_o make_v out_o how_o this_o right_a of_o self-preservation_n conduce_v to_o or_o at_o least_o consist_v with_o this_o common_a good_n since_o no_o rational_a man_n can_v ever_o believe_v that_o god_n intend_v the_o preservation_n much_o less_o the_o sensual_a pleasure_n of_o any_o one_o man_n as_o the_o sole_a end_n of_o his_o creation_n which_o principle_n be_v once_o establish_v as_o the_o foundation_n and_o original_a of_o all_o the_o natural_a or_o civil_a right_n we_o enjoy_v our_o own_o natural_a power_n and_o right_n will_v appear_v so_o limit_v thereby_o that_o we_o can_v without_o injury_n and_o injustice_n violate_v or_o invade_v the_o right_n of_o other_o much_o less_o break_v out_o into_o open_a war_n against_o they_o without_o just_a cause_n nay_o all_o those_o argument_n by_o which_o any_o one_o man_n can_v assume_v a_o right_a to_o preserve_v himself_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n will_v likewise_o be_v of_o the_o same_o force_n to_o prove_v that_o he_o ought_v to_o preserve_v other_o also_o and_o that_o it_o can_v never_o become_v lawful_a for_o we_o in_o any_o state_n to_o rob_v innocent_a person_n of_o what_o be_v necessary_a for_o their_o wellbeing_a and_o preservation_n but_o rather_o on_o the_o contrary_a that_o all_o man_n natural_a right_n shall_v be_v secure_v from_o the_o mischief_n of_o unreasonable_a violence_n and_o war_n and_o contention_n which_o natural_a security_n in_o a_o civil_a state_n or_o commonweal_n be_v high_o improve_v and_o increase_v by_o the_o assistance_n of_o humane_a skill_n and_o industry_n according_a to_o the_o establish_a law_n of_o property_n or_o dominion_n §_o 31._o i_o have_v speak_v thus_o much_o concern_v the_o necessary_a connexion_n between_o the_o particular_a action_n above_o mention_v and_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n that_o by_o consider_v their_o relation_n to_o this_o great_a end_n the_o nature_n of_o all_o humane_a action_n may_v more_o certain_o be_v know_v and_o predetermine_v since_o the_o dependence_n of_o natural_a effect_n on_o their_o cause_n be_v absolute_o necessary_a and_o immutable_a for_o as_o well_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n or_o community_n as_o of_o civil_a society_n or_o separate_v property_n those_o humane_a action_n which_o cause_n or_o procure_v that_o the_o mind_n of_o all_o other_o person_n shall_v not_o be_v prejudice_v by_o error_n lie_n or_o perfidiousness_n nor_o their_o body_n hurt_v nor_o their_o life_n good_n fame_n and_o chastity_n violate_v or_o take_v away_o and_o also_o by_o which_o a_o grateful_a return_n be_v render_v to_o those_o that_o have_v do_v we_o good_a or_o in_o short_a all_o those_o action_n by_o which_o the_o true_a happiness_n of_o any_o one_o man_n or_o more_o be_v procure_v without_o injury_n to_o other_o as_o they_o always_o be_v so_o they_o ever_o will_v be_v the_o certain_a cause_n of_o the_o common_a good_a and_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n and_o be_v therefore_o distinguish_v by_o the_o title_n of_o moral_a virtue_n as_o i_o shall_v more_o at_o large_a demonstrate_v in_o this_o discourse_n when_o i_o come_v to_o show_v how_o all_o moral_a virtue_n be_v derive_v from_o and_o at_o last_o resolve_v into_o this_o principle_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n but_o least_o the_o variousness_n of_o the_o observation_n treat_v of_o in_o this_o chapter_n and_o their_o independance_n upon_o each_o other_o shall_v render_v they_o perplex_v and_o consequent_o unconvince_v to_o common_a reader_n who_o may_v not_o be_v able_a to_o carry_v so_o long_a a_o train_n of_o consequence_n in_o their_o mind_n i_o shall_v contract_v what_o have_v be_v now_o say_v into_o these_o few_o plain_a proposition_n 1._o that_o though_o all_o particular_a man_n be_v mortal_a and_o but_o of_o a_o short_a duration_n yet_o that_o god_n have_v still_o preserve_v mankind_n without_o any_o sensible_a failure_n or_o decay_n 2._o that_o in_o order_n to_o this_o god_n have_v make_v man_n to_o be_v propagate_v by_o generation_n and_o also_o to_o be_v preserve_v by_o divers_a outward_a mean_n which_o we_o call_v necessary_n of_o life_n 3._o that_o these_o natural_a mean_n can_v no_o way_n answer_v this_o end_n but_o as_o they_o be_v allow_v or_o appropriate_v to_o the_o use_n and_o occasion_n of_o particular_a person_n during_o the_o time_n they_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o they_o and_o so_o can_v at_o the_o same_o time_n answer_v the_o different_a or_o contrary_a desire_n and_o necessity_n of_o divers_a man_n endeavour_v to_o use_v these_o thing_n after_o contrary_a or_o different_a manner_n 4._o that_o the_o take_v away_o those_o necessary_n of_o life_n which_o another_o be_v right_o possess_v of_o do_v not_o only_o cause_v the_o ruin_n and_o destruction_n of_o that_o person_n and_o his_o family_n who_o be_v thus_o possess_v of_o they_o but_o by_o cause_v a_o perpetual_a strife_n among_o mankind_n will_v render_v these_o thing_n uncapable_a of_o be_v make_v use_n of_o at_o all_o for_o their_o common_a good_a and_o preservation_n 5._o that_o such_o a_o strife_n if_o prosecute_v to_o the_o utmost_a will_v certain_o end_v in_o the_o destruction_n not_o only_o of_o particular_a person_n and_o nation_n but_o of_o all_o mankind_n contrary_a to_o god_n design_n 6._o from_o all_o which_o we_o may_v rational_o collect_v that_o god_n design_n the_o preservation_n and_o happiness_n of_o mankind_n as_o also_o of_o all_o individual_a person_n as_o part_n of_o it_o as_o far_o as_o their_o frail_a and_o mortal_a nature_n will_v permit_v and_o in_o subordination_n to_o the_o good_a of_o the_o whole_a body_n thereof_o 7._o that_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o sure_a mean_n to_o procure_v this_o great_a end_n of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o mankind_n than_o a_o universal_a benevolence_n towards_o rational_a being_n consist_v first_o in_o divine_a love_n or_o piety_n towards_o god_n and_o in_o respect_n of_o man_n not_o only_o in_o permit_v each_o other_o quiet_o to_o enjoy_v all_o the_o necessary_n of_o life_n but_o also_o in_o make_v a_o settle_a division_n of_o they_o to_o other_o so_o as_o to_o be_v appropriate_v to_o several_a man_n use_n or_o occasion_n which_o dictate_v be_v give_v we_o by_o god_n as_o a_o rule_n of_o all_o our_o moral_a action_n in_o the_o exercise_n of_o which_o be_v contain_v our_o true_a happiness_n as_o in_o its_o violation_n our_o great_a misery_n be_v therefore_o true_o and_o proper_o a_o law_n and_o indeed_o the_o sum_n of_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n chap._n ii_o observation_n and_o conclusion_n draw_v from_o the_o consideration_n of_o humane_a nature_n and_o right_a reason_n as_o also_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o god_n §_o 1._o have_v in_o the_o former_a chapter_n draw_v such_o easy_a
aforego_v be_v observe_v so_o that_o we_o be_v teach_v from_o the_o real_a nature_n of_o thing_n as_o well_o as_o that_o of_o inanimate_a body_n after_o what_o manner_n and_o to_o what_o degree_n we_o ought_v to_o pursue_v our_o own_o particular_a happiness_n that_o be_v only_o as_o it_o conduce_v to_o and_o be_v include_v in_o that_o of_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a agent_n so_o we_o be_v hence_o also_o instruct_v what_o action_n be_v prescribe_v or_o forbid_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n since_o such_o action_n only_o be_v thereby_o commend_v as_o promote_v this_o great_a end_n and_o the_o contrary_a action_n forbid_v which_o disturb_v or_o hinder_v it_o which_o be_v also_o suppose_a by_o all_o prince_n and_o state_n in_o their_o deliberation_n and_o treaty_n of_o peace_n it_o be_v that_o in_o which_o they_o all_o agree_v as_o contribute_v to_o their_o common_a safety_n and_o preservation_n viz._n that_o the_o power_n of_o all_o the_o several_a state_n concern_v shall_v be_v so_o just_o moderate_v and_o equal_o balance_v that_o none_o may_v destroy_v or_o oppress_v each_o other_o thus_o between_o neighbour_a nation_n not_o subject_a to_o the_o same_o common_a power_n it_o be_v chief_o provide_v in_o all_o their_o league_n and_o treaty_n that_o the_o force_n of_o each_o particular_a commonwealth_n shall_v be_v so_o equal_o balance_v by_o the_o assistance_n and_o support_v of_o their_o confederates_n and_o ally_n that_o it_o shall_v be_v impossible_a for_o any_o one_o of_o they_o to_o swallow_v up_o or_o destroy_v another_o but_o that_o there_o shall_v be_v still_o leave_v to_o each_o of_o they_o power_n and_o mean_v sufficient_a to_o preserve_v themselves_o and_o their_o subject_n in_o peace_n and_o safety_n as_o be_v the_o main_a end_n for_o which_o they_o be_v at_o first_o ordain_v by_o god_n and_o institute_v by_o men._n §_o 7._o and_o as_o it_o be_v proper_a to_o all_o natural_a body_n that_o whilst_o they_o persevere_v in_o their_o own_o motion_n there_o be_v likewise_o a_o necessity_n they_o shall_v also_o contribute_v and_o be_v subservient_fw-fr to_o the_o motion_n of_o innumerable_a other_o body_n from_o the_o general_a law_n of_o motion_n for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o universe_n and_o which_o rule_n be_v also_o find_v true_a in_o animal_n it_o seem_v to_o admonish_v we_o not_o only_o as_o mere_a animal_n but_o rational_a agent_n that_o we_o contribute_v our_o particular_a endeavour_n towards_o the_o general_a good_a or_o preservation_n of_o all_o those_o of_o their_o own_o kind_a since_o it_o be_v not_o only_o a_o possible_a effect_n but_o also_o such_o a_o one_o as_o depend_v upon_o cause_n so_o perfect_a and_o certain_a we_o may_v with_o reason_n believe_v that_o it_o will_v endure_v to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o world_n but_o if_o we_o far_o add_v to_o these_o observation_n those_o thing_n that_o distinguish_v animate_v from_o inanimate_a body_n they_o will_v yet_o more_o strong_o convince_v we_o and_o make_v we_o see_v more_o sufficient_a reason_n wherefore_o not_o so_o much_o concern_v ourselves_o with_o other_o corporeal_a being_n we_o shall_v be_v chief_o solicitous_a in_o give_v our_o assistance_n to_o those_o of_o our_o own_o kind_a first_o than_o the_o nature_n of_o animate_v be_v distinguish_v from_o that_o of_o inanimate_a body_n by_o such_o a_o fit_a disposition_n of_o part_n and_o a_o apt_a conformation_n of_o their_o natural_a organ_n as_o suffice_v for_o their_o generation_n sensation_n imagination_n affection_n nourishment_n and_o also_o all_o spontaneous_a motion_n and_o it_o be_v by_o these_o action_n that_o all_o sort_n of_o animal_n endeavour_v their_o conservation_n and_o happiness_n for_o the_o time_n that_o be_v appoint_v they_o and_o thereby_o procure_v the_o preservation_n of_o the_o whole_a species_n §_o 8._o but_o i_o shall_v not_o dwell_v too_o long_o upon_o these_o common_a obvious_a thing_n which_o be_v so_o evident_a in_o themselves_o but_o shall_v from_o hence_o deduce_v something_o more_o material_a to_o our_o purpose_n viz._n that_o from_o the_o same_o intrinseck_n constitution_n of_o all_o animal_n whereby_o they_o be_v determine_v to_o this_o endeavour_n of_o preserve_v themselves_o there_o be_v beside_o give_v manifest_a declaration_n that_o love_v and_o benevolent_a action_n towards_o those_o of_o their_o own_o kind_a be_v also_o necessary_a for_o their_o own_o defence_n and_o constitute_v the_o happy_a state_n of_o life_n they_o can_v enjoy_v and_o likewise_o that_o it_o be_v far_o ordain_v from_o the_o same_o concourse_n of_o external_n and_o internal_a cause_n that_o all_o rational_a agent_n can_v but_o be_v sensible_a or_o mindful_a of_o these_o indication_n the_o first_o of_o these_o conclusion_n contain_v the_o sense_n and_o sanction_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o the_o latter_a regard_v its_o promulgation_n or_o the_o manner_n whereby_o it_o come_v to_o be_v make_v know_v to_o we_o i_o shall_v explain_v each_o of_o they_o in_o their_o order_n §_o 9_o it_o be_v therefore_o first_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o corporeal_a bulk_n even_o of_o the_o large_a animal_n be_v contain_v within_o a_o small_a and_o narrow_a compass_n as_o also_o that_o the_o space_n of_o time_n wherein_o they_o can_v live_v or_o be_v preserve_v be_v not_o long_o from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o but_o a_o few_o thing_n and_o a_o small_a quantity_n of_o they_o be_v real_o necessary_a for_o their_o nourishment_n and_o preservation_n or_o where_o there_o be_v need_n of_o a_o concurrence_n of_o more_o of_o they_o they_o be_v only_o such_o as_o may_v be_v free_o communicate_v to_o many_o at_o once_o whence_o they_o be_v natural_o lead_v to_o desire_v but_o a_o few_o particular_a thing_n but_o daily_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o divers_a other_o in_o common_a who_o use_n may_v yet_o be_v well_o communicate_v to_o many_o at_o once_o without_o exhaust_v their_o store_n such_o as_o be_v the_o free_a enjoyment_n of_o air_n light_n fire_n water_n etc._n etc._n and_o far_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o structure_n of_o their_o body_n we_o may_v observe_v that_o the_o same_o superficies_n of_o the_o skin_n which_o hinder_v the_o effusion_n govern_v also_o the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o do_v at_o the_o same_o time_n fix_v bound_n to_o those_o appetite_n and_o necessity_n by_o which_o they_o be_v urge_v to_o seek_v their_o own_o preservation_n so_o that_o those_o few_o thing_n that_o suffice_v to_o repair_v the_o vital_a flame_n which_o daily_o consume_v be_v likewise_o sufficient_a not_o only_o for_o the_o conservation_n of_o their_o life_n and_o natural_a strength_n but_o also_o for_o enable_v they_o to_o contribute_v their_o help_n and_o assistance_n to_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n and_o last_o the_o structure_n and_o capacity_n of_o the_o vessel_n in_o which_o their_o aliment_n be_v digest_v and_o of_o those_o that_o convey_v the_o chyle_n as_o also_o of_o the_o vein_n and_o artery_n that_o receive_v it_o be_v but_o narrow_a require_v but_o a_o small_a quantity_n to_o fill_v they_o so_o that_o i_o think_v no_o brute_n can_v be_v guilty_a of_o mr._n h_n error_n of_o judge_v or_o desire_v all_o thing_n whatever_o as_o necessary_a for_o its_o own_o preservation_n since_o from_o the_o intrinseck_n and_o constituent_a part_n of_o all_o animal_n it_o plain_o appear_v that_o but_o a_o few_o thing_n suffice_v to_o allay_v their_o hunger_n and_o thirst_n and_o to_o prevent_v the_o injury_n of_o the_o wether_n and_o if_o so_o few_o thing_n be_v necessary_a for_o their_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n they_o may_v very_o well_o leave_v the_o rest_n of_o those_o product_n which_o the_o earth_n so_o plentiful_o bring_v forth_o to_o be_v enjoy_v by_o other_o of_o their_o own_o kind_n since_o the_o finite_a quantity_n of_o their_o body_n limit_v their_o appetite_n to_o the_o desire_v and_o their_o power_n only_o to_o the_o use_v a_o few_o necessary_a thing_n from_o this_o use_n and_o necessity_n there_o arise_v a_o natural_a division_n or_o appropriation_n of_o thing_n among_o divers_a animal_n of_o the_o same_o kind_n as_o i_o show_v before_o in_o the_o last_o chapter_n the_o allowance_n or_o permission_n of_o which_o distribution_n be_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o that_o mutual_a concord_n and_o benevolence_n among_o they_o and_o which_o their_o nature_n require_v for_o their_o preservation_n so_o that_o if_o this_o innate_a love_n or_o desire_v of_o self-preservation_n in_o animal_n be_v limit_v after_o the_o manner_n we_o have_v now_o describe_v this_o once_o satisfy_v there_o can_v be_v no_o reason_n why_o they_o shall_v withstand_v or_o obstruct_v the_o conservation_n of_o other_o of_o the_o same_o kind_n either_o by_o hinder_v their_o enjoyment_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o they_o themselves_o do_v not_o need_v or_o in_o refuse_v to_o lend_v they_o their_o help_n and_o assistance_n when_o there_o be_v occasion_n and_o that_o it_o
example_n than_o nature_n i_o desire_v they_o to_o show_v i_o any_o nation_n in_o the_o world_n so_o barbarous_a that_o do_v not_o go_v upon_o two_o leg_n as_o well_o as_o we_o and_o though_o child_n it_o be_v true_a before_o they_o can_v go_v must_v crawl_v yet_o it_o be_v not_o upon_o their_o hand_n and_o foot_n but_o knee_n for_o a_o man_n leg_n as_o be_v notorious_a to_o anatomist_n be_v so_o much_o long_a than_o his_o arm_n and_o be_v likewise_o so_o set_v on_o that_o they_o can_v be_v bring_v to_o move_v in_o right-angle_n with_o the_o arm_n or_o foreleg_n as_o in_o brute_n and_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o some_o beast_n as_o ape_n monkey_n and_o bear_n can_v sometime_o go_v upon_o their_o hind-feet_n yet_o be_v not_o this_o constant_a but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o present_a necessity_n be_v over_o they_o soon_o return_v to_o their_o natural_a posture_n to_o conclude_v i_o think_v i_o may_v leave_v it_o to_o any_o indifferent_a reader_n to_o judge_v whether_o from_o all_o these_o natural_a observation_n from_o the_o frame_n of_o humane_a body_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o their_o passion_n it_o do_v not_o evident_o appear_v that_o man_n happiness_n and_o subsistence_n in_o this_o life_n be_v not_o design_v by_o god_n to_o depend_v upon_o his_o own_o particular_a sensual_a pleasure_n or_o the_o mere_a satisfaction_n of_o his_o present_a appetite_n and_o passion_n restrain_v to_o himself_o without_o any_o consideration_n of_o other_o of_o his_o own_o kind_a but_o be_v rather_o intend_v for_o the_o common_a good_a and_o preservation_n of_o the_o whole_a species_n of_o mankind_n §_o 20._o have_v now_o dispatch_v those_o natural_a observation_n that_o may_v be_v draw_v from_o the_o constitution_n or_o frame_n of_o man_n body_n in_o order_n to_o the_o render_v he_o capable_a of_o serve_v the_o common_a good_a in_o the_o propagation_n of_o his_o species_n i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o the_o next_o head_n before_o lay_v down_o viz._n those_o excellency_n or_o prerogative_n of_o the_o humane_a soul_n or_o mind_n and_o in_o which_o he_o excel_v all_o other_o creature_n and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n mr._n 12._o h._n very_o well_o observe_v that_o it_o be_v peculiar_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n to_o be_v inquisitive_a into_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o event_n they_o see_v and_o that_o upon_o the_o sight_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o have_v a_o beginning_n to_o judge_v also_o that_o it_o have_v a_o cause_n which_o determine_v the_o same_o to_o begin_v when_o it_o do_v and_o also_o whereas_o there_o be_v no_o other_o felicity_n among_o beast_n but_o the_o enjoy_n their_o daily_a food_n ease_n and_o lust_n as_o have_v little_a or_o no_o foresight_n of_o the_o time_n to_o come_v for_o want_v of_o observation_n and_o memory_n of_o the_o order_n consequence_n and_o dependence_n of_o the_o thing_n they_o see_v man_n alone_o observe_v how_o one_o event_n have_v be_v produce_v by_o another_o and_o therein_o remember_v the_o antecedence_n and_o consequence_n whence_o he_o certain_o must_v be_v endue_v with_o a_o large_a capacity_n for_o observe_v the_o nature_n of_o thing_n without_o himself_o and_o be_v also_o able_a to_o make_v more_o curious_a and_o exact_a search_n into_o their_o cause_n and_o effect_n than_o the_o most_o sagacious_a brute_n who_o though_o they_o be_v endue_v with_o some_o few_o appetite_n or_o inclination_n towards_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v necessary_a for_o their_o preservation_n and_o a_o aversion_n for_o other_o that_o be_v hurtful_a to_o they_o yet_o this_o seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o some_o natural_a instinct_n or_o impression_n stamp_v by_o god_n on_o their_o very_a nature_n and_o not_o from_o reason_n or_o deliberation_n as_o young_a wild-duck_n they_o say_v will_v run_v away_o from_o a_o man_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o be_v hatch_v and_o chicken_n know_v the_o kite_n though_o they_o never_o see_v she_o before_o and_o this_o not_o from_o any_o experience_n or_o rational_a deduction_n but_o as_o for_o man_n it_o be_v his_o faculty_n alone_o to_o proceed_v from_o some_o know_a principle_n to_o draw_v rational_a deduction_n or_o conclusion_n which_o be_v not_o know_v before_o the_o exercise_n of_o which_o faculty_n we_o call_v right_o reason_n or_o ratiocination_n which_o though_o i_o grant_v be_v not_o bear_v with_o he_o and_o so_o be_v not_o a_o property_n belong_v to_o he_o as_o a_o mere_a animal_n since_o we_o see_v child_n till_o they_o come_v to_o some_o year_n and_o fool_n and_o mad_a folk_n act_v without_o it_o so_o long_o as_o they_o live_v yet_o be_v it_o not_o therefore_o artificial_a as_o some_o will_v have_v it_o since_o all_o person_n of_o year_n of_o discretion_n and_o who_o will_v give_v themselves_o leisure_n to_o think_v may_v attain_v to_o a_o sufficient_a degree_n of_o it_o for_o the_o well-government_n of_o their_o action_n in_o order_n to_o their_o own_o preservation_n and_o the_o discover_v that_o duty_n they_o owe_v to_o god_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n which_o notion_n be_v peculiar_a to_o man_n and_o also_o common_a to_o the_o great_a part_n of_o mankind_n either_o from_o man_n own_o particular_a observation_n or_o rational_a deduction_n or_o else_o from_o the_o instruction_n of_o other_o who_o themselves_z first_o find_v out_o such_o rational_a conclusion_n and_o teach_v they_o to_o their_o child_n or_o scholar_n with_o their_o first_o element_n of_o speech_n come_v in_o process_n of_o time_n have_v forget_v when_o those_o early_a notion_n be_v first_o instill_a into_o they_o to_o be_v take_v for_o connate_a idea_n so_o that_o i_o doubt_v they_o have_v be_v by_o too_o many_o who_o have_v not_o well_o consider_v their_o original_a mistake_v for_o idea_n or_o notion_n impress_v by_o god_n upon_o their_o soul_n but_o leave_v this_o of_o which_o other_o have_v say_v enough_o it_o can_v be_v deny_v but_o that_o from_o this_o faculty_n of_o deduce_a effect_n from_o their_o cause_n man_n have_v be_v always_o able_a to_o find_v out_o sufficient_a remedy_n for_o his_o own_o natural_a weakness_n by_o the_o invention_n of_o several_a art_n such_o as_o physic_n and_o chirurgery_n for_o his_o preservation_n and_o cure_n when_o sick_a or_o hurt_v and_o also_o those_o of_o a_o more_o public_a nature_n such_o be_v the_o knowledge_n of_o policy_n or_o the_o well-government_n of_o common-weal_n of_o navigation_n warfare_n or_o the_o art_n military_a for_o his_o happiness_n and_o defence_n as_o a_o sociable_a creature_n so_o that_o though_o man_n be_v bear_v naked_a and_o without_o those_o natural_a defence_n and_o weapon_n with_o which_o divers_a brute_n be_v furnish_v by_o nature_n yet_o by_o the_o power_n of_o this_o faculty_n he_o be_v able_a not_o only_o much_o better_a to_o secure_v himself_o from_o the_o violence_n and_o injury_n of_o the_o wether_n by_o provide_v himself_o with_o clothes_n house_n and_o victual_n beforehand_o since_o nature_n have_v not_o make_v he_o to_o live_v like_o beast_n upon_o those_o fruit_n of_o the_o earth_n which_o it_o spontaneous_o produce_v but_o can_v also_o tame_a subdue_v and_o kill_v the_o strong_a fierce_a and_o cunning_a brute_n and_o make_v they_o subservient_fw-fr to_o those_o end_n and_o design_n for_o which_o he_o please_v to_o employ_v they_o so_o likewise_o from_o this_o faculty_n of_o judge_v of_o consequence_n from_o their_o antecedent_n and_o foresee_v the_o probability_n or_o improbability_n of_o future_a event_n he_o thereby_o distinguish_v between_o real_a and_o apparent_a good_n that_o be_v between_o such_o thing_n that_o may_v please_v for_o the_o present_a and_o do_v afterward_o hurt_v he_o and_o those_o which_o though_o they_o may_v seem_v displease_v for_o a_o time_n yet_o may_v after_o do_v he_o a_o great_a benefit_n which_o principle_n since_o they_o contain_v foundation_n of_o all_o morality_n and_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o we_o now_o treat_v of_o it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o here_o particular_o to_o set_v down_o as_o the_o ground_n of_o what_o i_o have_v to_o say_v on_o this_o subject_a §_o 21._o first_o it_o have_v be_v already_o prove_v that_o every_o animal_n be_v endue_v with_o a_o natural_a principle_n whereby_o it_o be_v necessary_o incline_v to_o promote_v his_o own_o preservation_n and_o wellbeing_a yet_o not_o exclude_v that_o of_o other_o of_o their_o own_o kind_a that_o therefore_o which_o most_o conduce_v to_o this_o end_n be_v call_v a_o natural_a good_a and_o on_o the_o contrary_a that_o which_o be_v apt_a to_o obstruct_v and_o hinder_v it_o be_v evil_a among_o which_o good_n and_o evil_n there_o be_v several_a kind_n or_o degree_n according_a as_o thing_n be_v endue_v with_o more_o or_o less_o fitness_n or_o power_n to_o promote_v or_o hinder_v this_o end_n all_o which_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o these_o plain_a maxim_n or_o proposition_n as_o i_o have_v take_v they_o out_o of_o dr._n moor_n enchiridion_n
the_o like_a goodwill_n from_o they_o than_o by_o do_v they_o the_o same_o good_a office_n as_o often_o as_o it_o lie_v in_o our_o power_n which_o we_o desire_v they_o shall_v do_v for_o we_o and_o that_o this_o constitute_v the_o happy_a state_n man_n be_v capable_a of_o in_o this_o life_n viz._n peace_n and_o concord_n not_o only_o among_o particular_a man_n but_o also_o between_o all_o commonwealth_n and_o nation_n of_o which_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o mankind_n consist_v so_o that_o it_o evident_o appear_v that_o the_o true_a and_o natural_a state_n of_o mankind_n be_v that_o of_o peace_n love_n or_o mutual_a benevolence_n and_o which_o indeed_o will_v require_v no_o other_o reward_n than_o what_o proceed_v from_o itself_o be_v man_n a_o creature_n always_o govern_v by_o right_a reason_n and_o his_o own_o true_a good_a reward_v and_o punishment_n be_v ordain_v for_o man_n as_o too_o often_o govern_v by_o their_o passion_n and_o sensual_a appetite_n and_o not_o according_a to_o the_o perfection_n of_o their_o rational_a nature_n yet_o since_o it_o please_v god_n to_o create_v man_n a_o mix_a creature_n consist_v of_o a_o body_n and_o a_o soul_n and_o be_v too_o often_o draw_v aside_o by_o passion_n not_o direct_v by_o right_a reason_n and_o to_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o punishment_n as_o well_o as_o reward_n to_o keep_v he_o to_o his_o duty_n thence_o arise_v a_o necessity_n of_o his_o deal_n with_o man_n as_o a_o legislator_n and_o of_o give_v he_o certain_a natural_a law_n or_o rule_n whereby_o to_o govern_v his_o action_n with_o certain_a penalty_n and_o reward_n annex_v to_o they_o which_o law_n may_v be_v very_o well_o contract_v into_o one_o single_a proposition_n or_o practical_a conclusion_n draw_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o god_n our_o own_o nature_n and_o that_o of_o thing_n without_o we_o by_o the_o observation_n already_o lay_v down_o viz._n that_o god_n will_n or_o command_n that_o all_o reasonable_a person_n shall_v endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n as_o the_o great_a end_n for_o which_o they_o be_v create_v and_o in_o pursuance_n of_o which_o consist_v their_o own_o true_a good_a or_o happiness_n as_o in_o its_o neglect_n or_o violation_n their_o great_a misery_n §_o 2._o have_v give_v you_o this_o summary_n description_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o come_v from_o its_o first_o cause_n god_n i_o shall_v now_o explain_v the_o term_n therein_o contain_v to_o avoid_v all_o ambiguity_n and_o exception_n 1_o by_o will_n and_o command_n i_o do_v not_o mean_v any_o command_n by_o word_n that_o be_v the_o method_n of_o god_n reveal_v and_o not_o natural_a will_n and_o so_o be_v not_o the_o subject_a of_o this_o discourse_n and_o therefore_o i_o do_v here_o only_o understand_v that_o will_n or_o command_n of_o god_n which_o be_v to_o be_v learn_v from_o the_o consideration_n of_o his_o divine_a nature_n our_o own_o and_o that_o of_o all_o other_o thing_n consist_v not_o in_o word_n but_o in_o idea_n that_o be_v true_a conclusion_n draw_v from_o right_a reason_n but_o that_o word_n be_v not_o always_o essential_a to_o a_o law_n or_o that_o it_o can_v be_v make_v know_v to_o the_o subject_n without_o some_o set_a form_n of_o speech_n may_v appear_v by_o person_n bear_v deaf_a and_o dumb_a who_o we_o often_o find_v to_o have_v notion_n of_o a_o god_n and_o a_o law_n of_o nature_n though_o they_o be_v not_o convey_v in_o their_o mind_n by_o word_n or_o write_v for_o it_o be_v sufficient_a if_o the_o will_n of_o the_o legislator_n may_v be_v discover_v by_o any_o other_o sit_v mean_n or_o sign_n especial_o when_o as_o in_o this_o law_n we_o now_o treat_v of_o there_o be_v such_o certain_a reward_n and_o punishment_n annex_v to_o their_o observation_n or_o transgression_n as_o may_v make_v it_o their_o interest_n rather_o to_o observe_v than_o transgress_v they_o which_o be_v not_o only_o visible_a in_o man_n but_o brute_n since_o we_o see_v that_o by_o certain_a sign_n imprint_v in_o their_o mind_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o fit_a reward_n and_o correction_n elephant_n horse_n dog_n etc._n etc._n be_v make_v susceptible_a of_o humane_a command_n and_o as_o far_o as_o their_o nature_n permit_v be_v governable_a by_o law_n of_o our_o prescribe_v for_o we_o can_v show_v they_o by_o such_o sign_n what_o action_n be_v to_o be_v do_v or_o omit_v by_o they_o and_o certain_o god_n have_v not_o leave_v we_o less_o plain_a demonstration_n of_o his_o will_n in_o reference_n to_o our_o duty_n towards_o he_o from_o that_o knowledge_n he_o have_v give_v we_o of_o his_o existence_n as_o also_o of_o our_o own_o nature_n as_o i_o shall_v far_o prove_v in_o this_o discourse_n by_o rational_a person_n i_o mean_v all_o those_o though_o of_o never_o so_o mean_a a_o capacity_n who_o be_v able_a to_o make_v such_o easy_a and_o natural_a observation_n and_o conclusion_n as_o i_o have_v already_o lay_v down_o and_o therefore_o child_n under_o the_o year_n of_o discretion_n idiot_n and_o mad-folk_n be_v still_o to_o be_v except_v from_o this_o law_n who_o not_o have_v the_o actual_a use_n of_o right_a reason_n be_v not_o able_a to_o draw_v those_o observation_n and_o consequence_n from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n as_o be_v already_o lay_v down_o and_o which_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o right_a understanding_n thereof_o by_o endeavour_n i_o mean_v all_o such_o voluntary_a action_n which_o person_n of_o sound_a mind_n can_v know_o and_o deliberate_o perform_v towards_o the_o good_a of_o other_o without_o destroy_v or_o hurt_v their_o own_o true_a happiness_n which_o endeavour_n though_o by_o many_o unforeseen_a accident_n in_o the_o course_n of_o nature_n they_o may_v be_v often_o frustrate_v and_o so_o fail_v of_o their_o intend_a design_n yet_o when_o we_o have_v do_v the_o utmost_a we_o be_v able_a we_o have_v sufficient_o perform_v our_o duty_n since_o no_o law_n require_v the_o performance_n of_o more_o than_o be_v in_o our_o power_n to_o perform_v by_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n i_o understand_v the_o collective_a happiness_n of_o the_o deity_n as_o the_o head_n of_o they_o and_o that_o of_o all_o the_o individual_a person_n of_o mankind_n exist_v together_o with_o we_o as_o the_o constituent_a part_n or_o member_n and_o in_o which_o each_o man_n be_v particular_a good_a and_o happiness_n be_v include_v since_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o endeavour_v the_o happiness_n of_o other_o as_o voluntary_a agent_n unless_o each_o particular_a person_n who_o duty_n it_o be_v so_o to_o do_v have_v first_o a_o right_a to_o preserve_v and_o make_v himself_o happy_a joint_o with_o other_o in_o his_o proportion_n to_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o mankind_n by_o true_a good_a or_o happiness_n i_o mean_v all_o those_o good_n whether_o of_o body_n or_o mind_n by_o which_o man_n may_v be_v render_v true_o happy_a and_o content_v in_o this_o life_n and_o in_o that_o to_o come_v but_o in_o which_o whenever_o the_o former_a stand_n in_o competition_n with_o the_o latter_a the_o good_n of_o the_o soul_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v that_o be_v the_o good_a of_o our_o better_a or_o eternal_a part_n before_o that_o of_o our_o body_n which_o be_v less_o valuable_a and_o temporal_a but_o i_o need_v add_v nothing_o here_o to_o prove_v that_o god_n be_v the_o head_n of_o all_o rational_a being_n and_o in_o what_o sense_n we_o may_v be_v say_v to_o procure_v or_o endeavour_v his_o good_a and_o happiness_n since_o i_o have_v speak_v so_o large_o of_o that_o in_o the_o preface_n to_o this_o discourse_n and_o as_o for_o the_o difference_n between_o natural_a and_o moral_a good_a i_o have_v say_v so_o much_o concern_v it_o in_o the_o second_o part_n in_o the_o confutation_n of_o mr._n h_n six_o principle_n that_o by_o nature_n nothing_o be_v good_a or_o evil_a that_o it_o will_v be_v impertinent_a to_o repeat_v it_o here_o i_o shall_v now_o prove_v that_o this_o proposition_n contain_v this_o description_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v true_a that_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o will_n of_o god_n as_o far_o as_o it_o be_v declare_v to_o we_o by_o what_o we_o be_v able_a to_o know_v of_o his_o divine_a nature_n or_o can_v collect_v from_o our_o own_o and_o the_o nature_n of_o all_o thing_n without_o we_o and_o that_o all_o the_o moral_a duty_n we_o owe_v either_o to_o god_n ourselves_o or_o other_o be_v contain_v in_o or_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o this_o one_o proposition_n of_o our_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n in_o order_n to_o which_o i_o shall_v lay_v down_o these_o proposition_n §_o 3._o 1._o that_o god_n in_o the_o first_o place_n will_n and_o intend_v his_o own_o glory_n and_o service_n and_o in_o the_o next_o the_o good_a and_o preservation_n of_o all_o mankind_n and_o of_o all_o particular_a person_n
within_o that_o law_n but_o in_o humane_a law_n because_o they_o may_v enjoin_v something_o amiss_o there_o a_o right_n be_v often_o leave_v to_o we_o to_o choose_v rather_o to_o bear_v the_o penalty_n than_o to_o obey_v they_o because_o we_o be_v oblige_v rather_o to_o obey_v god_n than_o man_n in_o case_n they_o command_v any_o action_n contrary_a to_o the_o divine_a law_n whether_o natural_a or_o reveal_v §_o 8._o for_o the_o further_a clear_v of_o this_o i_o shall_v premise_v somewhat_o to_o explain_v this_o word_n obligation_n which_o the_o civilian_n thus_o define_v obligatio_fw-la est_fw-la vinculum_fw-la juris_fw-la quo_fw-la quis_fw-la astringitur_fw-la debitum_fw-la persolvere_fw-la that_o be_v a_o obligation_n be_v that_o bond_n of_o law_n whereby_o every_o one_o be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v his_o debt_n or_o due_a which_o definition_n do_v well_o include_v all_o sort_n of_o obligation_n if_o by_o the_o word_n ius_n or_o law_n we_o understand_v that_o law_n who_o obligation_n we_o propose_v to_o define_v so_o that_o by_o vinculum_fw-la juris_fw-la in_o this_o definition_n we_o understand_v that_o bond_n or_o tie_v of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n by_o which_o every_o one_o be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v this_o natural_a debt_n i._n e._n to_o perform_v that_o duty_n which_o he_o owe_v to_o god_n his_o creator_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o own_o rational_a nature_n or_o else_o to_o undergo_v those_o punishment_n which_o be_v ordain_v for_o his_o disobedience_n or_o neglect_v so_o that_o there_o be_v a_o twofold_a tie_n or_o obligation_n in_o all_o law_n the_o one_o active_a in_o the_o debt_n or_o duty_n the_o other_o passive_a in_o a_o patient_a submission_n to_o the_o punishment_n in_o case_n of_o any_o wilful_a neglect_n or_o omission_n thereof_o of_o both_o which_o we_o shall_v speak_v in_o their_o order_n §_o 9_o but_o you_o be_v first_o to_o take_v notice_n that_o none_o can_v oblige_v we_o to_o do_v or_o forbear_v any_o action_n but_o such_o who_o have_v a_o right_a to_o command_v we_o so_o that_o this_o obligation_n proceed_v from_o that_o just_a right_n of_o dominion_n which_o a_o superior_a power_n have_v over_o we_o and_o our_o action_n and_o as_o far_o as_o we_o be_v subject_a to_o other_o we_o be_v so_o far_o under_o a_o obligation_n to_o their_o lawful_a command_n which_o oblige_v we_o to_o a_o discharge_n of_o that_o debt_n or_o duty_n we_o owe_v they_o that_o be_v when_o we_o be_v oblige_v to_o do_v or_o forbear_v any_o action_n from_o the_o will_n or_o command_v of_o a_o supreme_a power_n or_o legislator_n to_o who_o when_o sufficient_o make_v know_v to_o we_o we_o be_v bind_v to_o yield_v obedience_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o our_o power_n and_o herein_o consist_v the_o obligation_n or_o duty_n viz._n in_o the_o conformity_n of_o our_o action_n to_o a_o rule_n such_o as_o be_v declare_v by_o the_o will_n of_o the_o legislator_n so_o that_o all_o our_o obligation_n to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v at_o last_o resolve_v into_o that_o absolute_a dominion_n which_o god_n as_o he_o be_v the_o great_a creator_n and_o preserver_n of_o mankind_n have_v over_o we_o for_o i_o can_v understand_v a_o right_n especial_o of_o dominion_n to_o be_v invest_v or_o seat_v in_o any_o supreme_a power_n but_o by_o virtue_n of_o something_o which_o may_v be_v call_v at_o least_o analogical_o a_o law_n 2._o that_o every_o dictate_v of_o the_o divine_a wisdom_n concern_v matter_n fit_a to_o be_v establish_v by_o a_o law_n be_v such_o a_o law_n and_o so_o cicero_n the_o best_a master_n of_o language_n speak_v towards_o the_o end_n of_o his_o first_o book_n de_fw-fr legibus_fw-la 3._o that_o the_o eternal_a wisdom_n of_o god_n contain_v eminent_o or_o analogical_o in_o it_o all_o that_o we_o can_v know_v to_o be_v natural_a law_n 4._o but_o to_o know_v that_o it_o be_v natural_a law_n or_o the_o dictate_v of_o true_a reason_n concern_v the_o fit_a mean_n to_o the_o best_a end_n or_o great_a good_a it_o be_v necessary_a to_o this_o purpose_n that_o the_o supreme_a government_n of_o all_o thing_n and_o especial_o of_o rational_a creature_n shall_v be_v in_o he_o who_o be_v most_o able_a and_o willing_a to_o pursue_v and_o attain_v that_o great_a end_n that_o be_v it_o must_v be_v settle_v in_o god._n 5._o so_o that_o by_o this_o dictate_v of_o eternal_a wisdom_n or_o of_o perform_v all_o thing_n for_o the_o best_a end_n the_o sovereignty_n become_v his_o right_n and_o our_o knowledge_n that_o this_o dictate_v of_o eternal_a wisdom_n be_v in_o he_o assure_v we_o that_o this_o right_n be_v immutable_o fix_v and_o vest_v in_o he_o 6._o although_o in_o the_o method_n of_o investigate_a the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o they_o subsist_v in_o our_o mind_n the_o first_o law_n respect_v the_o end_n and_o this_o concern_v the_o mean_n come_v in_o the_o second_o place_n yet_o in_o our_o thought_n concern_v god_n we_o know_v that_o infinite_a wisdom_n comprehend_v all_o these_o dictate_v together_o and_o therefore_o that_o the_o dictate_v or_o law_n settle_v universal_a dominion_n in_o god_n be_v coeternal_a with_o he_o and_o so_o be_v as_o early_o in_o his_o nature_n as_o the_o first_o natural_a law_n the_o obligation_n of_o which_o we_o be_v establish_v in_o this_o chapter_n and_o here_o arise_v the_o difference_n between_o a_o moral_a obligation_n which_o be_v that_o we_o now_o treat_v of_o and_o a_o civil_a one_o or_o that_o by_o which_o we_o be_v oblige_v to_o law_n in_o civil_a government_n the_o former_a be_v in_o respect_n to_o god_n immediate_a will_n as_o the_o supreme_a legislator_n whereas_o all_o the_o duty_n we_o owe_v to_o our_o civil_a magistrate_n parent_n and_o master_n etc._n etc._n be_v only_o in_o subordination_n to_o ggd_n will_n so_o declare_v unto_o we_o and_o who_o have_v ordain_v this_o obedience_n for_o his_o own_o worship_n and_o glory_n and_o in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o all_o humane_a society_n and_o commonwealth_n that_o be_v of_o mankind_n in_o general_n §_o 10._o yet_o i_o think_v notwithstanding_o all_o we_o have_v say_v of_o the_o force_n and_o nature_n of_o this_o obligation_n it_o may_v well_o enough_o consist_v with_o the_o natural_a freedom_n of_o man_n will_n since_o all_o these_o consideration_n do_v still_o but_o excite_v not_o necessitate_v he_o to_o act_v one_o way_n or_o other_o for_o it_o be_v still_o leave_v in_o his_o power_n either_o to_o choose_v that_o which_o be_v absolute_o the_o best_a in_o obey_v this_o will_n of_o god_n or_o else_o to_o prefer_v a_o less_o present_a good_a before_o it_o in_o the_o satisfaction_n of_o his_o appetite_n or_o passion_n and_o herein_o likewise_o consist_v the_o difference_n between_o a_o animal_n good_a or_o evil_a and_o a_o moral_a one_o the_o former_a be_v those_o natural_a mean_n conduce_v to_o each_o man_n preservation_n or_o destruction_n consider_v as_o a_o mere_a animal_n without_o any_o respect_n to_o god_n as_o their_o author_n or_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_n as_o their_o rule_n the_o latter_a that_o be_v of_o all_o humane_a moral_a action_n or_o habit_n consider_v as_o agreeable_a or_o disagreeable_a unto_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n ordain_v by_o god_n as_o a_o legislator_n and_o make_v know_v to_o man_n in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n so_o that_o they_o be_v thus_o moral_o good_a or_o evil_a only_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o conformity_n or_o disagreement_n with_o the_o will_n of_o god_n and_o as_o their_o observance_n or_o neglect_v bring_v either_o good_a or_o evil_a that_o be_v happiness_n or_o misery_n upon_o we_o in_o this_o life_n or_o in_o that_o to_o come_v from_o whence_o you_o may_v observe_v the_o necessity_n of_o put_v god_n in_o all_o our_o description_n or_o definition_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o the_o author_n thereof_o for_o be_v it_o not_o for_o his_o existence_n in_o who_o divine_a intellect_n the_o idea_n of_o moral_a good_a and_o evil_a be_v eternal_o establish_v and_o into_o who_o will_n so_o ordain_v they_o they_o be_v ultimate_o to_o be_v resolve_v mr._n h.'s_n or_o rather_o epicurus_n assertion_n will_v certain_o be_v true_a that_o there_o be_v nothing_o moral_o good_a or_o evil_a in_o its_o own_o nature_n and_o it_o may_v here_o be_v also_o observe_v that_o the_o great_a omission_n of_o divers_a writer_n on_o this_o subject_a in_o not_o place_v god_n as_o the_o cause_n or_o author_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n in_o their_o definition_n have_v be_v perhaps_o the_o main_a if_o not_o only_a reason_n of_o that_o false_a assertion_n that_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v not_o proper_o so_o till_o they_o be_v establish_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o supreme_a civil_a power_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n if_o it_o be_v make_v evident_a that_o god_n will_n or_o command_v all_o man_n shall_v
necessary_a for_o the_o common_a good_a and_o preservation_n and_o consequent_o that_o of_o all_o mankind_n sect._n 4._o a_o more_o certain_a account_n of_o good_a and_o evil_a as_o well_o natural_a as_o moral_a than_o what_o mr._n h._n have_v give_v we_o sect._n 5._o mr._n h._n notwithstanding_o all_o he_o have_v say_v to_o the_o contrary_a acknowledge_v a_o common_a good_a in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n sect._n 6._o the_o difference_n between_o a_o natural_a and_o a_o moral_a good_a and_o wherein_o it_o consist_v the_o confound_a of_o these_o the_o great_a cause_n of_o mr._n h_n error_n in_o this_o matter_n sect._n 7._o mr._n h._n sometime_o blame_v this_o narrow_a humour_n in_o some_o man_n that_o desire_v nothing_o but_o their_o own_o private_a advantage_n and_o likewise_o confess_v that_o that_o be_v a_o great_a good_a which_o benefit_n more_o person_n than_o what_o do_v good_a but_o to_o a_o few_o sect._n 8._o that_o notwithstanding_o all_o what_o mr._n h._n have_v say_v to_o the_o contrary_a all_o rational_a and_o good_a man_n must_v acknowledge_v that_o to_o be_v good_a which_o tend_v to_o the_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n of_o mankind_n and_o which_o likewise_o may_v any_o way_n contribute_v to_o effect_v it_o that_o if_o we_o do_v not_o make_v the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a agent_n the_o end_n of_o all_o our_o action_n all_o our_o notion_n about_o moral_a as_o well_o as_o natural_a good_a will_v be_v various_a and_o uncertain_a sect._n 9_o the_o head_n of_o the_o seven_o principle_n that_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n be_v a_o state_n of_o war._n that_o all_o mr._n h_n precedent_n principle_n tend_v only_o to_o prove_v this_o darling_n one_o if_o therefore_o those_o be_v well_o answer_v this_o principle_n must_v fall_v his_o new_a reason_n in_o his_o leviathan_n propose_v he_o deduce_v this_o state_n of_o war_n from_o three_o cause_n in_o the_o nature_n of_o man._n one_a competition_n two_o diffidence_n 3_o glory_n each_o of_o which_o do_v in_o their_o turn_n make_v man_n fall_v together_o by_o the_o ear_n a_o state_n of_o war_n not_o only_o that_o of_o actual_a fight_n but_o all_o that_o time_n wherein_o man_n inclination_n to_o it_o may_v be_v certain_o know_v illustrate_v by_o a_o simile_n of_o rainy_a wether_n sect._n 1_o answer_v to_o this_o argument_n it_o be_v first_o observe_v that_o mr._n h._n differ_v in_o his_o manner_n of_o prove_v the_o necessity_n of_o this_o state_n of_o war_n differ_v in_o his_o leviathan_n from_o that_o in_o his_o de_n cive_z since_o he_o here_o only_o suppose_v such_o a_o war_n to_o be_v lawful_a without_o any_o other_o proof_n sect._n 2._o 2_o d._n observation_n that_o this_o author_n in_o his_o argument_n here_o propose_v do_v still_o take_v the_o natural_a state_n of_o man_n only_o from_o his_o passion_n without_o any_o consideration_n of_o reason_n or_o experience_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o what_o he_o have_v before_o lay_v down_o when_o he_o make_v experience_n any_o of_o the_o faculty_n of_o the_o mind_n yet_o that_o none_o of_o these_o passion_n do_v necessary_o and_o uninevitable_o hurry_v man_n into_o a_o state_n of_o war._n sect._n 3_o that_o none_o of_o these_o person_n if_o govern_v by_o reason_n aught_o to_o incite_v man_n to_o war_n and_o that_o reason_n can_v never_o persuade_v man_n to_o fall_v together_o by_o the_o ear_n out_o of_o competition_n sect._n 4._o that_o diffidence_n of_o other_o can_v never_o if_o due_o consider_v be_v any_o motive_n to_o make_v war_n with_o all_o man_n since_o such_o a_o war_n be_v not_o only_o destructive_a in_o its_o own_o nature_n but_o also_o impracticable_a sect._n 5._o mr._n h._n appeal_n to_o experience_n of_o what_o man_n do_v for_o their_o own_o security_n answer_v as_o also_o his_o simile_n from_o the_o wether_n sect._n 6_o he_o himself_o grant_v that_o there_o be_v never_o actual_o throughout_o the_o world_n such_o a_o state_n of_o war_n as_o he_o describe_v his_o instance_n from_o the_o savage_a people_n of_o america_n make_v rather_o against_o than_o for_o he_o prove_v by_o authority_n of_o traveller_n sect._n 7._o his_o instance_n from_o the_o practice_n of_o sovereign_a power_n prove_v to_o be_v of_o no_o force_n sect._n 8._o answer_v to_o his_o argument_n from_o the_o passion_n of_o glory_n which_o do_v not_o inevitable_o hurry_v man_n to_o war_n since_o it_o be_v more_o often_o master_v by_o other_o great_a passion_n as_o fear_v of_o death_n desire_v of_o thing_n necessary_a etc._n etc._n observation_n that_o the_o same_o passion_n which_o excite_v man_n to_o war_n do_v also_o with_o he_o at_o other_o time_n persuade_v they_o to_o peace_n and_o that_o those_o passion_n be_v real_o the_o more_o strong_a that_o do_v so_o sect_n 9_o mr._n h_n argument_n from_o certain_a peculiarity_n in_o humane_a nature_n why_o man_n can_v live_v as_o sociable_o with_o each_o other_o as_o brute_n the_o one_a competition_n for_o honour_n etc._n etc._n answer_v no_o argument_n to_o be_v draw_v from_o this_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n sect._n 10._o his_o second_o reason_n answer_v that_o the_o common_a good_a among_o brute_n differ_v not_o from_o the_o private_a as_o it_o do_v among_o men._n sect_n 11._o answer_v to_o his_o 3d._a instance_n that_o creature_n not_o have_v the_o use_n of_o reason_n do_v not_o find_v fault_n with_o the_o administration_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n that_o this_o can_v be_v no_o argument_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n before_o commonwealth_n be_v institute_v etc._n etc._n sect._n 12._o answer_v to_o his_o four_o reason_n that_o brute_n have_v not_o the_o use_n of_o speech_n and_o so_o cannót_v make_v good_a seem_v evil_a and_o evil_a good_a man_n not_o in_o a_o worse_a condition_n than_o brute_n by_o reason_n of_o speech_n but_o rather_o in_o a_o better_a sect._n 13._o answer_v to_o his_o 5_o reason_n that_o brute_n do_v not_o distinguish_v between_o injury_n and_o damage_n whereas_o it_o be_v otherwise_o in_o man_n sect._n 14._o answer_v to_o his_o last_o reason_n that_o the_o agreement_n of_o brute_n be_v natural_a but_o in_o man_n artificial_a sect._n 15._o so_o much_o grant_v mr._n h._n that_o man_n be_v torment_v with_o divers_a passion_n which_o beast_n be_v not_o and_o so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n man_n be_v endue_v with_o other_o passion_n which_o move_v they_o more_o strong_o to_o concord_n sect._n 16._o a_o far_a consideration_n of_o the_o absurdity_n and_o inconsistency_n of_o this_o hypothesis_n of_o a_o natural_a state_n of_o war._n sect._n 17._o the_o head_n of_o the_o eight_o principle_n that_o mutual_a compact_n of_o fidelity_n be_v void_a in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n but_o not_o so_o in_o a_o commonwealth_n his_o reason_n for_o it_o because_o where_o covenant_n be_v make_v upon_o a_o mutual_a trust_n of_o future_a performance_n either_o party_n may_v choose_v whether_o he_o will_v perform_v or_o not_o because_o he_o be_v not_o sure_a that_o the_o other_o will_v perform_v his_o part_n also_o and_o of_o this_o he_o be_v the_o sole_a judge_n but_o that_o it_o be_v otherwise_o in_o a_o civil_a state_n where_o there_o be_v a_o common_a power_n to_o compel_v either_o of_o they_o that_o refuse_v sect._n 1_o the_o reason_n apparent_a why_o he_o suppose_v civil_a sovereign_n always_o in_o a_o state_n of_o war._n sect._n 2._o upon_o these_o principle_n it_o be_v altogether_o in_o vain_a for_o prince_n or_o state_n to_o make_v any_o league_n or_o treaty_n of_o peace_n with_o each_o other_o this_o notion_n give_v they_o also_o a_o right_n of_o put_v to_o death_n or_o make_v slave_n of_o ambassador_n and_o all_o other_o that_o come_v into_o their_o dominion_n sect._n 3_o that_o upon_o this_o principle_n of_o mr._n h_n if_o compact_n do_v not_o bind_v in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n neither_o will_v they_o be_v of_o any_o force_n in_o a_o civil_a state_n if_o either_o all_o or_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o contractor_n shall_v have_v all_o at_o once_o a_o mind_n to_o break_v they_o upon_o pretence_n that_o either_o other_o do_v not_o perform_v their_o part_n or_o that_o they_o fear_v they_o will_v not_o do_v it_o sect._n 4._o mr._n h._n far_o exceed_v his_o master_n epicurus_n in_o this_o evil_a principle_n sect._n 5._o the_o head_n of_o the_o nine_o principle_n the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v not_o true_o a_o law_n unless_o as_o it_o be_v deliver_v in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n his_o reason_n for_o it_o that_o though_o they_o be_v dictate_v of_o reason_n yet_o that_o for_o want_n of_o a_o legislator_n and_o of_o sufficient_a security_n for_o those_o that_o shall_v observe_v they_o they_o be_v not_o law_n but_o as_o deliver_v in_o scripture_n sect._n 1_o that_o it_o have_v be_v already_o prove_v that_o this_o law_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a be_v the_o sum_n of_o all_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o
else_o that_o they_o follow_v he_o and_o obey_v his_o command_n as_o their_o father_n or_o grandfather_n out_o of_o reverence_n to_o his_o wisdom_n or_o gratitude_n for_o his_o benefit_n §_o 9_o to_o conclude_v he_o himself_o there_o object_n that_o man_n can_v grow_v up_o or_o live_v content_o without_o the_o society_n and_o assistance_n of_o other_o and_o therefore_o can_v deny_v but_o man_n desire_v the_o society_n of_o each_o other_o their_o nature_n compel_v they_o thereunto_o but_o to_o come_v off_o from_o this_o objection_n he_o will_v have_v nothing_o call_v society_n but_o commonwealth_n which_o say_v he_o be_v not_o mere_a meeting_n but_o league_n for_o make_v of_o which_o compact_n be_v necessary_a and_o therefore_o still_o argue_v that_o infant_n and_o those_o that_o be_v unexperienced_a be_v uncapable_a of_o they_o etc._n etc._n upon_o which_o i_o shall_v only_o observe_v that_o mr._n h._n impose_v upon_o himself_o and_o other_o by_o confound_v that_o first_o and_o most_o natural_a amity_n and_o sociableness_n of_o person_n of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o family_n as_o of_o husband_n and_o wife_n parent_n and_o child_n etc._n etc._n towards_o each_o other_o with_o that_o artificial_a society_n which_o proceed_v whole_o from_o compact_n we_o call_v a_o commonwealth_n so_o likewise_o he_o impose_v on_o his_o reader_n in_o the_o use_n of_o the_o word_n nature_n and_o natural_a as_o i_o have_v partly_o show_v already_o for_o by_o these_o word_n be_v common_o understand_v either_o something_o that_o be_v by_o nature_n inseparable_o proper_a to_o its_o subject_n as_o to_o a_o fish_n to_o swim_v and_o other_o thing_n be_v natural_a and_o proper_a to_o a_o creature_n not_o as_o a_o mere_a animal_n but_o as_o of_o such_o a_o species_n and_o at_o such_o a_o age_n as_o for_o a_o man_n to_o go_v upon_o two_o leg_n and_o speak_v last_o it_o sometime_o signify_v a_o aptness_n in_o a_o subject_a to_o receive_v some_o far_a perfection_n by_o culture_n and_o discipline_n with_o which_o nature_n intend_v it_o shall_v be_v endue_v so_o the_o earth_n be_v intend_v by_o nature_n for_o the_o production_n of_o vegetable_n yet_o it_o do_v not_o natural_o bring_v forth_o all_o plant_n in_o all_o place_n alike_o without_o plough_v or_o set_v yet_o be_v not_o these_o plant_n so_o sow_v or_o set_v less_o natural_a for_o all_o that_o so_o likewise_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o whatever_o perfection_n we_o attain_v to_o by_o the_o power_n of_o our_o reason_n or_o experience_n it_o be_v not_o less_o natural_a notwithstanding_o principle_n ii_o all_o man_n by_o nature_n be_v equal_a §_o 1._o which_o he_o thus_o undertake_v to_o make_v out_o in_o the_o chapter_n last_o cite_v §_o 3._o the_o cause_n of_o mutual_a fear_n consist_v partly_o in_o man_n natural_a equality_n partly_o in_o their_o mutual_a will_n of_o hurt_v from_o whence_o it_o happen_v that_o we_o be_v neither_o able_a to_o expect_v security_n from_o other_o nor_o yet_o afford_v it_o to_o ourselves_o for_o if_o we_o consider_v man_n grow_v up_o and_o take_v notice_n how_o frail_a the_o frame_n of_o a_o man_n body_n be_v which_o fail_v all_o his_o force_n strength_n and_o wisdom_n fail_v together_o with_o it_o and_o how_o easy_a it_o be_v for_o any_o the_o most_o weak_a to_o kill_v the_o strong_a man_n there_o be_v no_o reason_n that_o any_o man_n trust_v in_o his_o own_o strength_n shall_v suppose_v himself_o superior_a by_o nature_n to_o other_o for_o those_o be_v equal_a who_o be_v able_a to_o do_v the_o like_a thing_n against_o each_o other_o but_o those_o who_o can_v do_v the_o great_a thing_n that_o be_v take_v away_o life_n be_v able_a to_o do_v like_a or_o equal_a thing_n to_o each_o other_o therefore_o all_o man_n be_v by_o nature_n equal_a that_o unequality_n which_o now_o be_v be_v introduce_v by_o civil_a law_n §_o 2._o before_o i_o answer_v which_o i_o shall_v first_o make_v these_o concession_n and_o limitation_n first_o i_o grant_v that_o all_o civil_a unequality_n of_o â—â—rsons_n be_v introduce_v by_o civil_a law_n 2_o dly_z â—â—at_a there_o be_v also_o such_o a_o natural_a equality_n among_o man_n that_o there_o be_v nothing_o which_o one_o man_n can_v arrogate_v to_o himself_o as_o a_o man_n but_o by_o the_o same_o reason_n which_o he_o judge_v it_o fit_a or_o necessary_a for_o himself_o he_o must_v also_o judge_v it_o alike_o fit_a and_o necessary_a for_o another_o man_n who_o stand_v in_o like_a need_n of_o it_o thus_o if_o victual_n clothes_n and_o liberty_n be_v thing_n necessary_a for_o his_o own_o be_v and_o preservation_n they_o be_v likewise_o equal_o necessary_a for_o the_o well-being_n and_o preservation_n of_o all_o other_o man_n and_o consequent_o that_o they_o have_v a_o like_a right_n to_o they_o from_o which_o natural_a equality_n proceed_v that_o great_a rule_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o do_v to_o other_o as_o we_o will_v have_v other_o do_v to_o we_o and_o in_o this_o sense_n i_o agree_v with_o he_o that_o all_o man_n be_v equal_a so_o that_o in_o this_o sense_n it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v a_o cause_n of_o war_n or_o dissension_n among_o man_n that_o it_o rather_o persuade_v to_o amity_n and_o concord_n yet_o do_v not_o this_o equality_n hinder_v but_o that_o there_o be_v notwithstanding_o a_o natural_a unequality_n of_o strength_n or_o power_n among_o man_n both_o in_o body_n and_o mind_n since_o any_o man_n that_o do_v but_o observe_v the_o great_a difference_n there_o be_v in_o both_o the_o strength_n and_o understanding_n of_o some_o person_n above_o other_o but_o will_v grant_v that_o there_o be_v as_o great_a or_o great_a difference_n between_o some_o man_n and_o other_o than_o there_o be_v between_o some_o brute_n suppose_v ape_n or_o elephant_n and_o man_n in_o understanding_n yet_o do_v there_o not_o any_o natural_a equality_n follow_v from_o the_o reason_n mr._n h._n here_o give_v we_o that_o those_o be_v equal_a that_o be_v able_a to_o do_v the_o like_a thing_n to_o each_o other_o to_o wit_n take_v away_o their_o life_n for_o beside_o that_o there_o be_v some_o bear_v maim_v and_o cripple_v or_o else_o so_o void_a of_o understanding_n as_o not_o to_o have_v either_o the_o will_n or_o ability_n to_o hurt_v or_o kill_v other_o and_o if_o a_o coward_n and_o a_o stout_a man_n be_v to_o fight_v or_o a_o very_a weak_a man_n and_o a_o strong_a will_v any_o man_n say_v that_o they_o be_v a_o equal_a match_n and_o this_o mr._n h._n tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v easy_a for_o the_o weak_a to_o kill_v the_o strong_a man_n he_o grant_v it_o must_v either_o be_v by_o chance_n cunning_a or_o surprise_v i_o grant_v indeed_o it_o may_v happen_v by_o chance_n and_o yet_o this_o will_v not_o make_v the_o match_n to_o be_v equal_a any_o more_o than_o it_o be_v in_o cockfighting_a where_o the_o gamester_n will_v lay_v five_o to_o one_o on_o such_o a_o cock_n side_n against_o another_o set_v down_o to_o fight_v with_o he_o and_o though_o perhaps_o the_o weak_a cock_n may_v happen_v to_o kill_v the_o strong_a by_o a_o chance_n stroke_n yet_o no_o man_n will_v therefore_o affirm_v that_o both_o these_o cock_n be_v equal_a by_o nature_n the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o men._n but_o it_o may_v be_v reply_v that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n between_o man_n and_o beast_n since_o though_o brute_n can_v yet_o a_o man_n weak_a in_o body_n or_o mind_n than_o another_o he_o will_v be_v revenge_v of_o may_v join_v or_o combine_v with_o one_o as_o wise_a and_o strong_a as_o his_o adversary_n and_o then_o they_o will_v be_v a_o equal_a match_n in_o point_n of_o strength_n if_o this_o be_v a_o good_a argument_n it_o will_v prove_v more_o or_o rather_o contrary_a to_o that_o for_o which_o it_o be_v design_v for_o this_o weak_a man_n may_v combine_v with_o one_o as_o strong_a and_o wise_a as_o the_o other_o and_o then_o the_o odds_o will_v be_v apparent_o on_o the_o weak_a man_n side_n but_o if_o i_o shall_v grant_v the_o utmost_a that_o can_v be_v ask_v that_o both_o these_o man_n wit_n and_o strength_n take_v together_o be_v still_o but_o a_o equal_a match_n to_o the_o other_o may_v not_o this_o wise_a and_o strong_a man_n as_o well_o also_o combine_v with_o other_o as_o wise_a and_o strong_a as_o himself_o and_o then_o will_v not_o the_o unequality_n be_v much_o great_a than_o it_o be_v before_o and_o as_o for_o cunning_a or_o surprise_v it_o signify_v as_o little_a since_o the_o strong_a man_n may_v be_v as_o cunning_a as_o the_o other_o and_o may_v have_v also_o as_o good_a luck_n in_o surprise_v he_o at_o unaware_o but_o it_o be_v indeed_o a_o very_a trivial_a argument_n to_o prove_v this_o natural_a equality_n because_o those_o be_v equal_a that_o be_v able_a to_o do_v the_o like_a thing_n to_o
each_o other_o since_o this_o be_v to_o level_v man_n with_o the_o most_o despicable_a creature_n for_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o beast_n nay_o insect_n so_o weak_a but_o may_v sometime_o or_o other_o destroy_v a_o man_n by_o force_n or_o surprise_v and_o we_o read_v of_o a_o pope_n who_o be_v choke_v by_o swallow_v of_o a_o fly_n in_o his_o drink_n which_o if_o it_o can_v be_v suppose_v to_o be_v do_v by_o the_o fly_n on_o purpose_n will_v make_v the_o fly_n and_o the_o pope_n to_o be_v equal_a by_o nature_n principle_n iii_o that_o there_o be_v a_o mutual_a will_n or_o desire_v in_o all_o man_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n of_o hurt_v each_o other_o §_o 1._o which_o mr._n h._n thus_o endeavour_n to_o prove_v in_o the_o same_o chapter_n of_o his_o de_n cive_z there_o be_v a_o will_v say_v he_o indeed_o in_o all_o man_n of_o do_v hurt_v in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n but_o not_o from_o the_o same_o cause_n nor_o alike_o culpable_a for_o one_o man_n according_a to_o a_o natural_a equality_n allow_v to_o other_o all_o the_o same_o thing_n as_o to_o himself_o which_o be_v the_o part_n of_o a_o modest_a man_n and_o of_o one_o that_o right_o measure_v his_o own_o strength_n another_o esteem_v himself_o superior_a to_o other_o will_v have_v all_o thing_n to_o be_v lawful_a for_o himself_o only_o and_o arrogate_v a_o honour_n to_o himself_o above_o other_o which_o be_v the_o part_n of_o a_o proud_a disposition_n therefore_o the_o will_n of_o hurt_v be_v in_o this_o man_n from_o a_o vain_a glory_n and_o a_o false_a esteem_n of_o his_o own_o power_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o other_o from_o a_o necessity_n of_o defend_v his_o own_o good_n and_o liberty_n against_o the_o other_o violence_n beside_o since_o the_o strife_n of_o wit_n be_v the_o great_a among_o man_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o very_o great_a discord_n shall_v arise_v from_o that_o contention_n for_o it_o be_v not_o only_o odious_a to_o contradict_v but_o also_o not_o to_o consent_v for_o not_o to_o consent_v to_o another_o in_o a_o thing_n be_v tacit_o to_o accuse_v he_o of_o error_n in_o that_o matter_n so_o likewise_o to_o dissent_v in_o very_a many_o thing_n be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o count_v he_o a_o fool_n which_o may_v appear_v from_o hence_o that_o no_o war_n be_v more_o sharp_o prosecute_v than_o between_o different_a sect_n of_o the_o same_o religion_n and_o the_o faction_n of_o the_o same_o commonwealth_n where_o there_o be_v a_o strife_n concern_v doctrine_n or_o civil_a prudence_n but_o since_o all_o pleasure_n and_o satisfaction_n of_o mind_n consist_v in_o this_o that_o a_o man_n may_v have_v somewhat_o by_o which_o compare_v himself_o with_o other_o he_o may_v think_v high_o well_o of_o himself_o it_o be_v impossible_a but_o that_o they_o shall_v show_v their_o mutual_a hatred_n and_o contempt_n sometime_o either_o by_o laughter_n word_n or_o gesture_n or_o by_o some_o outward_a sign_n than_o which_o there_o be_v indeed_o no_o great_a vexation_n of_o mind_n neither_o from_o which_o a_o great_a desire_n of_o hurt_v can_v arise_v but_o the_o most_o frequent_a cause_n why_o man_n desire_v to_o hurt_v each_o other_o arise_v from_o hence_o that_o many_o desire_v the_o same_o thing_n at_o once_o yet_o which_o very_o often_o happen_v they_o neither_o may_v nor_o can_v enjoy_v it_o in_o common_a nor_o will_v yet_o divide_v it_o from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o it_o must_v be_v give_v to_o the_o strong_a but_o who_o be_v the_o strong_a can_v only_o be_v know_v by_o fight_v §_o 2._o from_o which_o i_o shall_v first_o observe_v that_o it_o be_v not_o true_a that_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n there_o be_v in_o all_o man_n a_o like_a will_n of_o hurt_v each_o other_o for_o in_o this_o state_n the_o first_o and_o most_o natural_a condition_n to_o be_v consider_v be_v when_o man_n have_v not_o as_o yet_o at_o all_o provoke_v each_o other_o nor_o do_v they_o either_o good_a or_o harm_n and_o in_o this_o condition_n none_o but_o a_o fool_n a_o wicked_a man_n or_o a_o madman_n can_v have_v any_o desire_n to_o hurt_v another_o who_o have_v give_v he_o no_o provocation_n for_o it_o though_o i_o grant_v that_o there_o be_v too_o many_o man_n such_o as_o mr._n hobbs_n describe_v who_o will_v arrogate_v more_o thing_n to_o themselves_o than_o they_o either_o deserve_v or_o real_o need_v yet_o even_o in_o these_o man_n there_o be_v not_o a_o will_v to_o hurt_v every_o man_n alike_o but_o only_o those_o who_o stand_v in_o their_o way_n and_o who_o good_n or_o other_o thing_n they_o may_v think_v may_v be_v useful_a for_o themselves_o nor_o yet_o be_v these_o all_o mankind_n since_o he_o grant_v there_o be_v some_o and_o perhaps_o as_o many_o or_o more_o who_o according_a to_o natural_a equality_n will_v allow_v to_o other_o all_o the_o same_o thing_n as_o to_o themselves_o which_o he_o grant_v be_v the_o part_n of_o a_o modest_a man_n and_o who_o make_v a_o true_a estimate_n of_o his_o own_o strength_n and_o certain_o if_o this_o modest_a man_n judge_n according_a to_o right_a reason_n who_o allow_v to_o other_o the_o same_o thing_n as_o to_o himself_o this_o violent_a or_o proud_a man_n he_o here_o describe_v can_v acquire_v any_o right_n to_o the_o liberty_n or_o good_n of_o other_o from_o his_o own_o unreasonable_a judgement_n and_o false_a estimation_n of_o his_o own_o strength_n or_o merit_n nor_o be_v this_o self-defence_n of_o the_o modest_a or_o honest_a man_n proper_o a_o desire_n to_o hurt_v the_o other_o but_o only_o a_o necessity_n to_o defend_v himself_o against_o his_o assault_n since_o he_o have_v no_o intention_n to_o hurt_v he_o before_o this_o violent_a man_n give_v he_o a_o just_a provocation_n §_o 3._o as_o for_o that_o strife_n of_o wit_n which_o as_o he_o say_v be_v the_o great_a among_o man_n though_o there_o may_v be_v some_o difference_n in_o opinion_n and_o contention_n arise_v from_o thence_o yet_o do_v it_o not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o there_o must_v from_o thence_o necessary_o arise_v a_o desire_n in_o all_o man_n of_o hurt_v or_o destroy_v other_o for_o there_o be_v many_o of_o so_o equal_a and_o reasonable_a a_o disposition_n that_o they_o can_v find_v no_o cause_n of_o hate_v much_o less_o of_o hurt_v other_o though_o they_o often_o differ_v from_o they_o in_o opinion_n or_o that_o they_o must_v take_v all_o other_o for_o fool_n if_o they_o prefer_v their_o own_o judgement_n before_o another_o man_n and_o as_o for_o mr._n h_n instance_n that_o there_o be_v no_o war_n more_o sharp_a than_o those_o between_o the_o different_a sect_n of_o the_o same_o religion_n or_o the_o faction_n of_o the_o same_o commonwealth_n these_o example_n will_v not_o make_v out_o that_o for_o which_o he_o produce_v they_o since_o he_o grant_v war_n about_o religion_n do_v seldom_o happen_v but_o among_o those_o of_o different_a sect_n in_o the_o same_o religion_n which_o show_v it_o do_v not_o proceed_v from_o the_o natural_a state_n of_o mankind_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v govern_v by_o reason_n not_o superstition_n much_o less_o from_o natural_a religion_n but_o from_o a_o unreasonable_a superstition_n or_o blind_a zeal_n too_o often_o inflame_v by_o the_o priest_n of_o either_o party_n make_v it_o not_o their_o own_o but_o god_n cause_n or_o glory_n as_o they_o call_v it_o for_o which_o they_o will_v have_v they_o fight_v persecute_v and_o destroy_v each_o other_o and_o as_o for_o the_o war_n and_o contention_n between_o the_o different_a faction_n of_o the_o same_o commonwealth_n it_o be_v apparent_a they_o have_v no_o place_n in_o the_o mere_a state_n of_o nature_n since_o they_o be_v produce_v by_o man_n enter_v into_o civil_a society_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v not_o fair_o urge_v by_o mr._n h._n as_o a_o instance_n of_o their_o desire_n to_o hurt_v each_o other_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n §_o 4._o in_o answer_n to_o his_o assertion_n that_o all_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o mind_n be_v place_v in_o something_o by_o which_o a_o man_n compare_v himself_o with_o other_o may_v thereby_o think_v high_o well_o of_o himself_o and_o therefore_o it_o be_v impossible_a but_o they_o must_v declare_v their_o hatred_n and_o contempt_n of_o each_o other_o sometime_o either_o by_o laughter_n etc._n etc._n than_o which_o there_o can_v be_v no_o great_a vexation_n neither_o from_o which_o a_o great_a desire_n of_o revenge_n do_v usual_o arise_v i_o thus_o reply_v first_o neither_o do_v this_o observation_n reach_v so_o that_o they_o must_v needs_o take_v pleasure_n in_o put_v a_o high_a value_n upon_o themselves_o than_o they_o deserve_v or_o that_o right_a reason_n or_o prudence_n shall_v persuade_v they_o to_o affront_v other_o either_o by_o word_n or_o action_n neither_o yet_o to_o take_v for_o affront_v and_o mortal_a injury_n all_o those_o
for_o any_o man_n to_o hurt_v or_o kill_v any_o other_o person_n who_o have_v educate_v or_o maintain_v he_o or_o otherwise_o high_o oblige_v he_o since_o the_o same_o law_n of_o gratitude_n that_o make_v it_o injurious_a to_o hurt_v or_o murder_v his_o father_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n do_v also_o command_v the_o like_a duty_n towards_o any_o other_o benefactor_n §_o 4._o but_o his_o argument_n in_o his_o leviathan_n be_v much_o more_o false_a and_o precarious_a when_o he_o argue_v that_o where_o there_o be_v no_o common_a power_n there_o be_v no_o law_n and_o where_o there_o be_v no_o law_n there_o be_v no_o injustice_n all_o which_o he_o bring_v to_o prove_v the_o necessity_n of_o his_o natural_a state_n of_o war._n for_o first_o though_o i_o grant_v where_o there_o be_v no_o common_a power_n that_o be_v no_o legislator_n there_o be_v no_o law_n yet_o that_o be_v not_o true_a of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n since_o if_o they_o proceed_v from_o god_n as_o a_o legislator_n as_o i_o hope_v we_o have_v prove_v in_o the_o precedent_a discourse_n they_o be_v true_o law_n before_o any_o civil_a power_n be_v institute_v to_o make_v law_n or_o to_o see_v they_o observe_v and_o consequent_o that_o it_o be_v the_o high_a injury_n and_o injustice_n to_o take_v away_o any_o thing_n from_o other_o be_v innocent_a and_o do_v we_o no_o hurt_n that_o be_v necessary_a for_o their_o life_n or_o preservation_n which_o they_o be_v already_o possess_v of_o and_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o justice_n and_o injustice_n be_v no_o natural_a faculty_n of_o the_o mind_n yet_o right_a reason_n be_v from_o whence_o all_o justice_n be_v deduce_v and_o which_o a_o man_n be_v always_o bind_v to_o exercise_v as_o soon_o as_o he_o become_v capable_a of_o be_v a_o member_n of_o humane_a society_n i_o do_v not_o mean_v a_o civil_a one_o and_o if_o there_o be_v a_o natural_a equity_n as_o this_o author_n acknowledge_v de_fw-fr cive_z cap._n 14._o §_o 14._o there_o be_v likewise_o a_o natural_a justice_n and_o injustice_n too_o but_o i_o shall_v say_v more_o of_o this_o in_o the_o next_o principle_n principle_n vi._n that_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n there_o be_v nothing_o good_a or_o evil._n §_o 1._o i_o shall_v here_o give_v you_o mr._n h_n opinion_n and_o his_o reason_n for_o it_o in_o his_o own_o word_n as_o they_o be_v in_o his_o leviathan_n cap._n 6._o whatsoever_o be_v the_o object_n of_o any_o man_n appetite_n or_o desire_v that_o be_v it_o which_o he_o for_o his_o part_n call_v good_a and_o the_o object_n of_o his_o hate_n and_o aversion_n evil_a and_o of_o his_o contempt_n vile_a and_o inconsiderable_a for_o these_o word_n of_o good_a evil_a and_o contemptible_a be_v ever_o use_v with_o relation_n to_o the_o person_n that_o use_v they_o there_o be_v nothing_o simple_o and_o absolute_o so_o nor_o any_o common_a rule_n of_o good_a and_o evil_a to_o be_v take_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o object_n themselves_o but_o from_o the_o person_n of_o the_o man_n where_o there_o be_v no_o commonwealth_n or_o in_o a_o commonwealth_n from_o the_o person_n that_o represent_v it_o or_o from_o a_o arbitrator_n or_o judge_n who_o man_n by_o disagree_v shall_v by_o consent_n set_v up_o and_o make_v his_o sentence_n the_o rule_n thereof_o he_o speak_v to_o the_o same_o effect_n in_o all_o his_o other_o work_n as_o in_o de_fw-fr cive_z cap._n 4._o §_o 17._o in_o his_o de_fw-fr homine_fw-la cap._n 11._o which_o it_o be_v tedious_a here_o to_o repeat_v and_o therefore_o i_o refer_v you_o to_o the_o place_n i_o have_v here_o cite_v §_o 2._o but_o this_o he_o endeavour_v physical_o to_o explain_v in_o his_o little_a treatise_n of_o humane_a nature_n cap._n 7._o §_o 1._o compare_v with_o chap._n 3._o where_o he_o suppose_v that_o the_o motion_n in_o which_o consist_v the_o conception_n of_o thing_n without_o any_o intervention_n of_o the_o judgement_n pass_v from_o the_o brain_n to_o the_o heart_n and_o as_o it_o there_o hinder_v or_o help_v its_o vital_a motion_n it_o be_v say_v to_o please_v or_o displease_v but_o that_o which_o so_o please_v any_o one_o he_o call_v good_a and_o that_o which_o displease_v he_o evil_a and_o hence_o from_o the_o diversity_n of_o constitution_n or_o temperament_n there_o be_v divers_a opinion_n of_o good_a that_o be_v natural_o and_o necessary_o so_o and_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n unblamable_o from_o his_o opinion_n that_o judge_v it_o §_o 3._o there_o be_v nothing_o that_o mr._n h._n have_v write_v more_o loose_o and_o unlike_o a_o philosopher_n than_o these_o unstable_a opinion_n both_o of_o natural_a and_o moral_a good_a and_o evil._n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v a_o matter_n of_o great_a moment_n to_o have_v a_o fix_a and_o constant_a notion_n of_o good_a because_o as_o long_o as_o this_o be_v fluctuate_a and_o uncertain_a all_o knowledge_n of_o our_o true_a felicity_n which_o be_v the_o great_a good_a of_o every_o man_n as_o also_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o of_o all_o particular_a virtue_n which_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o mean_n and_o cause_n of_o obtain_v this_o good_a will_v be_v likewise_o various_a wander_a and_o uncertain_a §_o 4._o therefore_o although_o it_o must_v be_v confess_v that_o because_o of_o some_o peculiarity_n in_o the_o divers_a temperament_n of_o man_n it_o sometime_o happen_v that_o one_o sort_n of_o diet_n or_o medicine_n may_v be_v hurtful_a to_o one_o which_o may_v not_o prove_v so_o to_o another_o yea_o which_o experience_n have_v approve_v not_o only_o to_o be_v innocent_a but_o wholesome_a for_o other_o something_o like_o which_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o genius_n and_o manner_n of_o nation_n quite_o different_a from_o other_o in_o some_o particular_a custom_n and_o constitution_n yet_o this_o do_v not_o any_o more_o take_v away_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o mankind_n concern_v the_o nature_n of_o good_a and_o its_o constituent_a part_n and_o degree_n than_o the_o small_a difference_n of_o man_n face_n take_v away_o the_o agreement_n between_o they_o in_o their_o common_a nature_n as_o man_n or_o that_o general_a likeness_n that_o be_v between_o they_o in_o the_o conformation_n and_o use_n of_o their_o principal_a part_n for_o sure_o there_o be_v no_o nation_n so_o barbauros_fw-la which_o will_v not_o own_o that_o there_o be_v great_a hope_n and_o satisfaction_n in_o love_v and_o obey_v god_n than_o in_o blaspheme_v and_o disobey_v of_o he_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o nation_n that_o be_v not_o sensible_a that_o filial_a duty_n towards_o parent_n gratitude_n to_o their_o benefactor_n love_n and_o kindness_n to_o their_o friend_n and_o neighbour_n fidelity_n in_o their_o promise_n and_o agreement_n be_v good_a and_o necessary_a for_o their_o own_o welfare_n and_o preservation_n and_o consequent_o of_o mankind_n no_o difference_n of_o temper_n make_v any_o man_n in_o his_o sense_n not_o perceive_v it_o to_o be_v good_a for_o all_o man_n that_o the_o life_n liberty_n estate_n and_o member_n of_o all_o innocent_a person_n shall_v be_v preserve_v and_o therefore_o that_o the_o kill_n or_o rob_v of_o they_o shall_v be_v everywhere_o prohibit_v under_o the_o most_o severe_a penalty_n or_o last_o what_o peculiar_a humour_n in_o man_n can_v make_v they_o not_o think_v it_o good_a and_o beneficial_a for_o particular_a family_n and_o nation_n that_o the_o conjugal_a fidelity_n of_o the_o marriagebed_n the_o chastity_n shall_v be_v preserve_v inviolated_a the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v concern_v the_o right_a of_o use_v and_o enjoy_v all_o those_o outward_a thing_n that_o be_v necessary_a for_o life_n or_o conduce_v to_o our_o health_n fame_n honour_n the_o education_n of_o our_o child_n and_o the_o preservation_n of_o friendship_n since_o in_o their_o judgement_n concern_v the_o goodness_n of_o these_o thing_n about_o which_o the_o whole_a business_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o of_o most_o civil_a law_n be_v take_v up_o all_o rational_a man_n do_v as_o equal_o agree_v in_o their_o opinion_n as_o concern_v the_o whiteness_n of_o snow_n or_o the_o brightness_n of_o the_o sun_n though_o i_o do_v not_o lay_v the_o main_a stress_n of_o their_o obligation_n to_o these_o action_n on_o this_o general_a agreement_n since_o i_o have_v lay_v down_o contrary_a principle_n in_o the_o forego_n discourse_n §_o 5._o but_o i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o give_v you_o a_o more_o true_a and_o settle_a notion_n of_o good_a and_o evil_a both_o natural_a and_o moral_a i_o therefore_o define_v good_a in_o general_a to_o be_v that_o which_o preserve_v increase_v or_o perfect_v the_o faculty_n and_o power_n of_o one_o or_o more_o thing_n for_o by_o these_o effect_n that_o peculiar_a agreeableness_n of_o one_o thing_n with_o another_o declare_v itself_o to_o we_o and_o which_o be_v requisite_a to_o make_v any_o thing_n to_o be_v true_o call_v good_a for_o
reason_n be_v that_o these_o creature_n have_v not_o as_o man_n the_o use_n of_o reason_n do_v not_o see_v or_o at_o least_o think_v they_o see_v any_o fault_n in_o the_o administration_n of_o their_o common_a business_n whereas_o among_o man_n there_o be_v very_o many_o that_o think_v themselves_o wise_a and_o able_a to_o govern_v the_o public_a better_a than_o the_o rest_n and_o those_o strive_v to_o reform_v and_o innovate_v one_o this_o way_n another_o that_o way_n and_o thereby_o bring_v it_o into_o distraction_n and_o civil_a war._n to_o which_o we_o may_v thus_o reply_v that_o this_o reason_n offer_v nothing_o whereby_o man_n may_v live_v less_o peaceable_o among_o themselves_o if_o they_o be_v in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n and_o subject_n to_o no_o civil_a government_n than_o brute_n but_o in_o this_o state_n man_n natural_a propension_n to_o universal_a benevolence_n and_o to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n will_v have_v some_o place_n notwithstanding_o what_o he_o have_v here_o allege_v to_o the_o contrary_a as_o i_o have_v sufficient_o prove_v in_o the_o precedent_a discourse_n nor_o do_v he_o here_o offer_v any_o thing_n whereby_o man_n can_v less_o agree_v among_o themselves_o to_o institute_v a_o commonwealth_n for_o this_o be_v the_o thing_n who_o cause_n we_o be_v now_o seek_v for_o but_o he_o only_o object_n something_o which_o will_v hinder_v they_o from_o preserve_v it_o when_o it_o be_v institute_v and_o therefore_o this_o will_n also_o shake_v all_o the_o foundation_n of_o peace_n even_o in_o a_o commonwealth_n when_o it_o be_v make_v never_o so_o firm_a according_a to_o his_o own_o model_n but_o we_o do_v well_o to_o consider_v whether_o man_n reason_n do_v not_o more_o powerful_o promote_v peace_n and_o concord_n by_o detect_v many_o error_n of_o the_o imagination_n and_o passion_n than_o it_o do_v discord_n by_o its_o fallibility_n about_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v necessary_a be_v but_o few_o and_o those_o plain_a enough_o beside_o man_n do_v not_o present_o make_v war_n as_o soon_o as_o they_o suppose_v they_o spy_v out_o somewhat_o they_o may_v blame_v in_o the_o administration_n of_o public_a affair_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n which_o discover_v the_o fault_n do_v also_o tell_v they_o that_o many_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v bear_v with_o for_o peace_n sake_n and_o suggge_v divers_a mean_n whereby_o a_o emendation_n of_o that_o fault_n or_o miscarriage_n may_v be_v peaceable_o procure_v so_o that_o i_o dare_v appeal_n to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o indifferent_a reader_n whether_o the_o condition_n of_o mankind_n be_v worse_a than_o that_o of_o brute_n because_o it_o be_v rational_a and_o whether_o mr._n h._n do_v not_o judge_v very_o hardly_o of_o all_o man_n by_o make_v their_o reason_n guilty_a of_o all_o these_o misery_n which_o in_o other_o place_n he_o impute_v only_o to_o the_o passion_n and_o from_o this_o cause_n will_v prove_v that_o man_n must_v live_v less_o peaceable_o with_o each_o other_o than_o brute_n creature_n in_o short_a mr._n h_n answer_n be_v nothing_o to_o the_o purpose_n for_o our_o inquiry_n be_v concern_v the_o obligation_n of_o the_o precept_n of_o reason_n in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n and_o his_o answer_n be_v that_o most_o man_n reason_n be_v so_o false_a as_o that_o it_o will_v dissolve_v all_o commonwealth_n already_o constitute_v §_o 13._o his_o four_o reason_n be_v that_o these_o creature_n though_o they_o have_v some_o use_n of_o voice_n in_o make_v know_v to_o one_o another_o their_o desire_n and_o other_o affection_n yet_o they_o want_v that_o art_n of_o word_n by_o which_o some_o man_n can_v represent_v to_o other_o that_o which_o be_v good_a in_o the_o likeness_n of_o evil_a and_o evil_a in_o the_o likeness_n of_o good_a and_o augment_v or_o diminish_v the_o apparent_a greatness_n of_o good_a and_o evil_a discontent_a man_n and_o trouble_v their_o peace_n at_o their_o pleasure_n the_o force_n of_o which_o answer_n be_v no_o more_o than_o this_o that_o because_o it_o sometime_o fall_v out_o that_o the_o common_a people_n be_v move_v to_o mutiny_n and_o sedition_n by_o a_o specious_a or_o sophistical_a sermon_n or_o oration_n that_o therefore_o man_n as_o have_v the_o use_n of_o speech_n can_v maintain_v peace_n among_o themselves_o which_o consequence_n be_v certain_o very_o loose_a for_o he_o ought_v to_o prove_v that_o all_o man_n do_v necessary_o and_o constant_o make_v such_o speech_n tend_v to_o civil_a war_n and_o sedition_n and_o also_o that_o such_o speech_n when_o hear_v do_v constant_o prevail_v on_o their_o auditor_n or_o the_o most_o part_n of_o they_o that_o they_o shall_v present_o take_v up_o arm_n for_o it_o may_v be_v that_o even_o the_o vulgar_a may_v see_v through_o such_o false_a and_o specious_a speech_n and_o may_v not_o suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v delude_v by_o they_o it_o may_v also_o happen_v that_o they_o may_v rather_o give_v credit_n to_o the_o peaceable_a speech_n of_o the_o more_o wise_a and_o moderate_a as_o found_v upon_o more_o solid_a reason_n and_o it_o may_v be_v that_o they_o will_v rather_o consider_v the_o true_a weight_n of_o the_o argument_n than_o the_o empty_a sound_n of_o the_o word_n and_o certain_o man_n rational_a nature_n lead_v they_o to_o do_v this_o for_o they_o know_v they_o can_v be_v feed_v or_o defend_v by_o word_n but_o by_o action_n proceed_v from_o mutual_a benevolence_n what_o then_o do_v hinder_v but_o that_o the_o eloquence_n and_o reason_n of_o the_o good_a and_o peaceable_a may_v not_o often_o prevail_v with_o which_o both_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o speaker_n the_o true_a interest_n of_o the_o auditor_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n do_v all_o agree_v but_o i_o shall_v speak_v no_o more_o of_o this_o subject_a now_o have_v in_o the_o precedent_n discourse_v sufficient_o prove_v that_o man_n receive_v much_o great_a benefit_n from_o the_o use_n of_o speech_n though_o it_o may_v sometime_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o civil_a discord_n and_o war_n than_o they_o do_v evil_n and_o mischief_n thereby_o and_o i_o suppose_v mr._n h._n himself_o be_v he_o alive_a will_v confess_v that_o mankind_n will_v not_o be_v render_v more_o peaceable_a or_o easy_a to_o be_v govern_v have_v they_o be_v all_o create_a dumb_a or_o else_o have_v all_o their_o tongue_n be_v cut_v out_o by_o the_o irresistible_a power_n of_o his_o great_a leviathan_n the_o civil_a sovereign_n §_o 14._o his_o five_o reason_n be_v that_o irrational_a creature_n can_v distinguish_v between_o injury_n and_o damage_n and_o therefore_o as_o long_o as_o they_o be_v at_o ease_n they_o be_v not_o offend_v at_o their_o fellow_n whereas_o man_n be_v then_o most_o troublesome_a when_o he_o be_v most_o at_o ease_n for_o than_o it_o be_v that_o he_o love_v to_o show_v his_o wisdom_n and_o control_v the_o action_n of_o they_o that_o govern_v the_o commonwealth_n by_o which_o antithesis_fw-la he_o will_v infer_v that_o man_n live_v together_o less_o peaceable_o than_o brute_n because_o they_o distinguish_v between_o injury_n and_o damage_n but_o we_o think_v much_o otherwise_o and_o that_o most_o man_n will_v more_o willing_o suffer_v some_o damage_n even_o do_v by_o other_o man_n so_o it_o be_v not_o do_v injurious_o and_o i_o acknowledge_v that_o all_o the_o distinction_n between_o these_o two_o be_v found_v in_o the_o knowledge_n of_o right_n and_o law_n which_o indeed_o be_v only_o proper_a to_o man_n but_o that_o this_o knowledge_n shall_v make_v they_o more_o prone_a to_o violate_v the_o public_a peace_n and_o to_o trample_v upon_o the_o law_n and_o right_n of_o their_o superior_n i_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n admit_v much_o less_o that_o subject_n that_o abound_v in_o peace_n and_o riches_n be_v more_o apt_a to_o envy_v their_o superior_n and_o to_o show_v their_o wisdom_n in_o find_v fault_n with_o their_o ruler_n or_o that_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n for_o example_n who_o god_n be_v thank_v enjoy_v both_o sufficient_a peace_n and_o plenty_n be_v more_o apt_a to_o find_v fault_n with_o their_o governor_n than_o those_o in_o france_n or_o turkey_n where_o they_o be_v poor_a and_o miserable_a by_o tax_n and_o other_o severity_n or_o that_o they_o can_v even_o there_o forbear_v repine_v at_o the_o cruel_a treatment_n of_o their_o ruler_n though_o perhaps_o their_o spirit_n may_v be_v so_o debase_v and_o their_o power_n so_o weaken_v by_o this_o oppression_n that_o they_o may_v not_o be_v so_o able_a to_o show_v it_o by_o public_a discourse_n much_o less_o by_o resistance_n and_o so_o free_a themselves_o from_o this_o tyranny_n as_o perhaps_o they_o will_v do_v if_o they_o have_v sufficient_a riches_n and_o courage_n and_o that_o i_o conceive_v be_v the_o true_a reason_n why_o this_o author_n be_v such_o a_o enemy_n in_o all_o his_o book_n to_o the_o happiness_n and_o wealth_n of_o the_o people_n who_o he_o will_v all_o along_o make_v slave_n
show_v we_o that_o not_o the_o private_a felicity_n of_o any_o single_a man_n be_v the_o principal_a end_n of_o god_n the_o legislator_n or_o aught_o to_o be_v so_o of_o any_o one_o who_o will_v true_o obey_v his_o will_n and_o by_o a_o parity_n of_o reason_n it_o also_o appear_v that_o those_o humane_a action_n which_o from_o their_o own_o natural_a force_n and_o efficacy_n be_v apt_a to_o promote_v the_o common_a good_a be_v certain_o better_a than_o those_o which_o do_v only_o serve_v the_o private_a good_a of_o any_o one_o man_n and_o that_o by_o the_o same_o proportion_n as_o a_o common_a good_a be_v great_a than_o a_o private_a so_o likewise_o those_o action_n which_o take_v the_o near_a way_n to_o attain_v this_o effect_n as_o a_o end_n be_v call_v right_o because_o of_o their_o natural_a similitude_n with_o a_o right_n or_o straight_o line_n which_o be_v always_o the_o short_a between_o the_o two_o term_n but_o the_o same_o action_n when_o compare_v with_o a_o natural_a or_o positive_a law_n as_o a_o rule_n of_o life_n or_o manner_n and_o be_v find_v conformable_a to_o it_o be_v call_v moral_o good_a and_o also_o right_a that_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o rule_n but_o the_o rule_n itself_o be_v call_v right_o or_o straight_o as_o it_o show_v the_o near_a way_n to_o the_o end_n but_o i_o shall_v refer_v you_o for_o the_o clear_a explication_n of_o these_o thing_n to_o what_o we_o have_v far_o say_v concern_v they_o in_o the_o discourse_n its_o self_n especial_o in_o the_o second_o part_n wherein_o we_o prove_v against_o mr._n h_n principle_n that_o there_o be_v a_o true_a natural_a and_o moral_a good_a antecedent_n to_o civil_a law_n but_o however_o it_o may_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o give_v you_o in_o short_a the_o method_n which_o we_o take_v to_o prove_v that_o this_o law_n of_o endeavour_v the_o common_a good_a be_v real_o and_o indeed_o and_o not_o metaphorical_o ah_o law_n 1._o this_o general_a supposition_n be_v premise_v that_o all_o particular_a person_n who_o can_v either_o promote_v or_o oppose_v this_o common_a good_a be_v part_n of_o that_o whole_a body_n of_o mankind_n which_o be_v either_o preserve_v or_o prejudice_v by_o their_o endeavour_n we_o shall_v not_o now_o descend_v to_o the_o particular_a proof_n as_o they_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o cause_n of_o such_o action_n of_o which_o we_o have_v partly_o treat_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o humane_a nature_n and_o partly_o from_o their_o natural_a effect_n and_o consequence_n of_o which_o we_o have_v large_o discourse_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o obligation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o also_o in_o the_o second_o part_n in_o our_o observation_n on_o mr._n h_n principle_n all_o which_o may_v nevertheless_o be_v reduce_v to_o these_o plain_a proposition_n 1._o as_o i_o have_v observe_v it_o be_v manifest_a that_o our_o felicity_n or_o high_a reward_n be_v essential_o connect_v by_o god_n the_o legislator_n with_o the_o most_o full_a and_o constant_a exercise_n of_o our_o natural_a power_n employ_v about_o the_o noble_a object_n and_o great_a effect_n they_o can_v be_v capable_a of_o as_o proportion_v to_o they_o from_o whence_o it_o may_v be_v gather_v that_o all_o man_n endue_v with_o these_o faculty_n be_v natural_o oblige_v under_o the_o penalty_n of_o lose_v or_o miss_v of_o this_o their_o happiness_n to_o exercise_v those_o power_n about_o the_o worthy_a object_n viz._n god_n and_o mankind_n nor_o can_v it_o be_v long_o doubt_v whether_o our_o faculty_n may_v be_v more_o happy_o exercise_v in_o maintain_v friendship_n or_o enmity_n with_o they_o for_o i_o think_v it_o be_v certain_a there_o can_v be_v no_o neutral_a state_n in_o which_o god_n and_o man_n can_v neither_o be_v belove_v nor_o hate_v or_o in_o which_o we_o can_v stand_v so_o far_o neuter_n as_o neither_o to_o do_v thing_n grateful_a nor_o ungrateful_a to_o they_o but_o if_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o there_o be_v a_o manifest_a necessity_n if_o we_o will_v be_v true_o happy_a of_o preserve_v amity_n both_o with_o god_n and_o man_n here_o be_v thereby_o present_o declare_v the_o sanction_n of_o this_o general_a law_n of_o nature_n which_o we_o be_v now_o inquire_v into_o for_o this_o alone_a establish_v all_o natural_a religion_n and_o also_o all_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v necessary_a to_o the_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n of_o mankind_n which_o be_v beside_o piety_n towards_o god_n 1._o a_o peaceable_a commerce_n and_o agreement_n of_o divers_a nation_n which_o be_v treat_v of_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o be_v but_o a_o branch_n or_o subordinate_a member_n of_o this_o great_a law_n of_o nature_n 2._o the_o constitution_n and_o conservation_n of_o a_o civil_a society_n or_o commonwealth_n which_o be_v the_o scope_n of_o all_o civil_a law_n and_o 3._o the_o continuance_n of_o domestic_a relation_n and_o private_a friendship_n concern_v which_o the_o general_a rule_n of_o ethic_n as_o also_o the_o more_o particular_a one_o of_o oeconomy_n do_v prescribe_v and_o therefore_o we_o have_v put_v together_o many_o thing_n in_o the_o chapter_n of_o humane_a nature_n by_o which_o all_o particular_a person_n of_o sound_a mind_n be_v some_o way_n render_v capable_a of_o so_o large_a a_o society_n and_o be_v either_o more_o near_o or_o remote_o dispose_v to_o it_o and_o we_o do_v here_o entreat_v the_o reader_n that_o he_o will_v not_o consider_v those_o thing_n each_o of_o they_o single_o or_o apart_o but_o all_o together_o since_o from_o all_o of_o they_o conjoin_v he_o may_v raise_v a_o sufficient_a argument_n to_o prove_v the_o existence_n and_o evince_v the_o sanction_n of_o this_o most_o general_a law_n of_o nature_n and_o that_o man_n will_v necessary_o fail_v of_o their_o happiness_n which_o chief_o consist_v in_o the_o adequate_a or_o proper_a exercise_n of_o their_o rational_a faculty_n unless_o they_o will_v exercise_v they_o in_o cultivate_v this_o amity_n or_o love_n both_o with_o god_n and_o man_n to_o which_o end_v they_o be_v before_o all_o other_o animal_n particular_o adapt_v but_o from_o the_o effect_n of_o such_o action_n conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a of_o rational_a being_n we_o have_v also_o further_o show_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o the_o obligation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n that_o this_o sanction_n by_o sufficient_a reward_n and_o punishment_n be_v most_o common_o connect_v with_o such_o action_n and_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o in_o the_o first_o place_n god_n as_o the_o best_a and_o wise_a of_o rational_a being_n be_v to_o be_v love_v and_o honour_v by_o such_o action_n or_o endeavour_n as_o that_o the_o good_n and_o fortune_n of_o all_o innocent_a person_n of_o what_o nation_n soever_o be_v thereby_o secure_v as_o far_o as_o lie_v in_o our_o power_n and_o all_o thing_n profitable_a for_o particular_a person_n procure_v according_a to_o the_o proportion_n they_o bear_v to_o the_o good_a of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o mankind_n so_o that_o this_o law_n will_v not_o permit_v any_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v which_o the_o care_n of_o the_o whole_a do_v not_o allow_v nor_o can_v any_o thing_n be_v suppose_v more_o worthy_a a_o rational_a creature_n and_o from_o whence_o great_a effect_n can_v proceed_v than_o a_o will_v always_o propeuse_n towards_o the_o good_a of_o this_o whole_a body_n govern_v by_o the_o conduct_n of_o a_o right_a understanding_n therefore_o since_o it_o can_v certain_o be_v foreknow_v that_o such_o effect_n will_v follow_v from_o this_o endeavour_n no_o man_n can_v be_v ignorant_a that_o all_o the_o joy_n and_o present_a comfort_n of_o true_a piety_n be_v therein_o contain_v together_o with_o the_o hope_n of_o a_o bless_a immortality_n beside_o those_o many_o conveniency_n of_o peace_n and_o commerce_n with_o those_o of_o other_o nation_n and_o all_o those_o emolument_n both_o of_o civil_a and_o domestic_a government_n and_o private_a friendship_n which_o be_v connect_v with_o this_o endeavour_n as_o the_o common_a reward_n thereof_o and_o which_o can_v by_o any_o mean_n within_o our_o power_n be_v otherwise_o obtain_v so_o that_o he_o who_o neglect_v the_o care_n of_o the_o common_a good_a do_v also_o reject_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o his_o own_o felicity_n and_o embrace_v those_o of_o his_o misery_n as_o a_o punishment_n due_a to_o his_o folly_n in_o short_a since_o it_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n that_o the_o high_a happiness_n which_o we_o can_v procure_v for_o our_o self_n proceed_v from_o our_o care_n both_o of_o piety_n to_o god_n and_o love_n and_o peace_n with_o men._n and_o that_o the_o endeavour_n of_o these_o can_v only_o be_v find_v in_o his_o soul_n who_o true_o study_v the_o common_a good_a of_o all_o rational_a being_n it_o be_v also_o evident_a that_o the_o great_a reward_n that_o any_o one_o can_v acquire_v be_v necessary_o connect_v with_o this_o endeavour_n
and_o that_o the_o loss_n or_o deprivation_n of_o this_o felicity_n do_v necessary_o adhere_v as_o a_o punishment_n to_o the_o opposite_a action_n the_o former_a of_o these_o which_o declare_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o all_o that_o felicity_n which_o particular_a person_n can_v thereby_o obtain_v we_o have_v prove_v from_o natural_a effect_n find_v by_o experience_n the_o latter_a viz._n that_o piety_n to_o god_n and_o charity_n or_o benevolence_n towards_o all_o man_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o common_a good_a and_o we_o have_v also_o prove_v in_o the_o four_o chapter_n that_o all_o virtue_n both_o private_a and_o public_a be_v contain_v in_o this_o endeavour_n but_o because_o the_o connexion_n of_o reward_n and_o punishment_n which_o follow_v those_o act_n which_o be_v for_o the_o common_a good_a or_o opposite_a to_o it_o be_v something_o obscure_v by_o those_o evil_n which_o often_o befall_v good_a man_n and_o those_o good_a thing_n which_o too_o frequent_o happen_v to_o evil_a one_o it_o be_v enough_o to_o our_o purpose_n to_o show_v that_o notwithstanding_o all_o these_o the_o connexion_n between_o they_o be_v so_o sufficient_o constant_a and_o manifest_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o thing_n that_o from_o thence_o may_v be_v certain_o gather_v the_o sanction_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n command_v the_o former_a and_o prohibit_v the_o latter_a action_n and_o we_o may_v suppose_v those_o punishment_n to_o suffice_v for_o its_o sanction_n which_o all_o thing_n right_o weigh_v much_o exceed_v the_o gain_n that_o may_v arise_v from_o any_o act_n do_v contrary_a to_o this_o law_n but_o in_o compare_v of_o the_o effect_n which_o do_v follow_v good_a action_n on_o one_o hand_n and_o evil_a one_o on_o the_o other_o those_o good_a or_o evil_a thing_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v reckon_v in_o to_o the_o account_n which_o either_o can_v be_v acquire_v or_o avoid_v by_o any_o humane_a prudence_n or_o industry_n such_o as_o be_v those_o which_o proceed_v from_o the_o natural_a necessity_n of_o external_n cause_n may_v happen_v to_o any_o one_o by_o mere_a chance_n which_o be_v wont_a to_o fall_v out_o alike_o both_o to_o good_a and_o bad_a therefore_o we_o shall_v only_o take_v those_o into_o our_o account_n which_o may_v be_v foresee_v and_o prevent_v by_o humane_a foresight_n as_o some_o way_n depend_v upon_o our_o own_o will_n or_o acts._n but_o i_o must_v also_o acknowledge_v that_o these_o effect_n do_v not_o all_o depend_v upon_o our_o own_o particular_a power_n but_o many_o of_o they_o do_v also_o proceed_v from_o the_o good_a will_n and_o endeavour_n of_o other_o rational_n yet_o since_o it_o may_v be_v know_v from_o their_o nature_n as_o they_o be_v be_v agreeable_a to_o our_o own_o that_o the_o common_a good_a be_v the_o best_a and_o great_a end_n which_o they_o can_v propose_v to_o themselves_o and_o that_o their_o natural_a reason_n require_v that_o they_o shall_v act_v for_o a_o end_n and_o rather_o for_o this_o than_o any_o other_o less_o good_a or_o less_o perfect_a and_o that_o it_o be_v moreover_o know_v by_o experience_n that_o such_o effect_n of_o universal_a benevolence_n may_v be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n obtain_v from_o other_o by_o our_o own_o benevolent_a action_n it_o be_v just_a that_o those_o effect_n shall_v be_v number_v or_o esteem_v among_o those_o consequence_n which_o do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n so_o fall_v out_o because_o every_o man_n be_v esteem_v able_a to_o do_v whatever_o he_o can_v perform_v or_o obtain_v by_o the_o assistance_n of_o other_o so_o that_o the_o whole_a reward_n which_o be_v connect_v to_o good_a action_n by_o the_o natural_a constitution_n of_o thing_n be_v somewhat_o like_o those_o tribute_n of_o which_o the_o public_a revenue_n consist_v which_o do_v not_o only_o arise_v out_o of_o constant_a rent_n but_o also_o out_o of_o divers_a contingent_a payment_n such_o as_o custom_n or_o excise_n upon_o commodity_n who_o value_n although_o it_o be_v very_o great_a yet_o be_v not_o always_o certain_a though_o they_o be_v often_o farm_a out_o at_o a_o certain_a rate_n therefore_o in_o the_o reckon_n up_o of_o these_o reward_n not_o only_o those_o part_n thereof_o aught_o to_o come_v into_o account_n which_o immutable_o adhere_v to_o good_a action_n such_o as_o be_v that_o happiness_n which_o consist_v in_o the_o knowledge_n and_o love_n of_o god_n and_o good_a man_n the_o absolute_a government_n of_o our_o passion_n the_o sweet_a harmony_n and_o agreement_n betwixt_o the_o true_a principle_n of_o our_o action_n and_o all_o the_o part_n of_o our_o life_n the_o favour_n of_o the_o deity_n and_o the_o hope_n of_o a_o bless_a immortality_n proceed_v from_o all_o these_o but_o there_o ought_v also_o to_o be_v take_v into_o the_o account_n all_o those_o good_n which_o do_v though_o contingent_o adhere_v to_o they_o and_o which_o may_v either_o happen_v to_o we_o from_o the_o good_a will_n of_o other_o or_o flow_v from_o that_o concord_n and_o society_n which_o be_v either_o maintain_v between_o divers_a nation_n or_o those_o of_o the_o same_o commonwealth_n and_o which_o we_o do_v as_o far_o as_o we_o be_v able_a procure_v for_o ourselves_o by_o such_o benevolent_a action_n and_o by_o the_o like_a reason_n we_o may_v also_o understand_v of_o what_o particular_n all_o that_o misery_n or_o those_o punishment_n may_v consist_v which_o be_v connect_v with_o those_o act_n that_o be_v hurtful_a to_o the_o common_a good_n so_o that_o all_o of_o we_o may_v learn_v from_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o condition_n in_o which_o we_o be_v bear_v and_o live_v to_o esteem_v contingent_a good_n and_o to_o be_v draw_v to_o act_v by_o the_o hope_n of_o they_o for_o the_o air_n itself_o which_o be_v so_o necessary_a for_o our_o subsistence_n and_o preservation_n do_v not_o always_o benefit_v our_o blood_n or_o spirit_n but_o be_v sometime_o infect_v with_o deadly_a steam_n and_o vapour_n nor_o can_v our_o meat_n drink_v or_o exercise_n always_o preserve_v our_o life_n but_o do_v often_o generate_v disease_n and_o agriculture_n itself_o do_v not_o always_o pay_v the_o husband-man_n toil_n with_o the_o expect_a gain_n but_o sometime_o he_o even_o lose_v by_o it_o and_o sure_o we_o be_v not_o less_o natural_o draw_v to_o the_o endeavour_n of_o the_o common_a good_a than_o we_o be_v to_o such_o natural_a action_n from_o the_o hope_n of_o a_o good_a that_o may_v but_o probable_o proceed_v from_o they_o but_o how_o just_o we_o may_v hope_v for_o a_o considerable_a return_n from_o all_o other_o joint_o consider_v for_o all_o our_o labour_n bestow_v upon_o the_o common_a good_a we_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o make_v the_o best_a account_n of_o when_o we_o consider_v what_o our_o own_o experience_n and_o the_o history_n of_o all_o nation_n for_o the_o time_n past_a may_v teach_v we_o to_o have_v befall_v those_o who_o have_v either_o regard_v or_o despise_v this_o great_a end_n but_o because_o the_o whole_a endeavour_n of_o this_o common_a good_a contain_v no_o more_o but_o the_o worship_n of_o the_o deity_n the_o care_n of_o fidelity_n peace_n and_o commerce_n betwixt_o nation_n and_o the_o institute_n and_o maintain_v government_n both_o civil_a and_o domestic_a as_o also_o particular_a friendship_n as_o the_o part_n thereof_o take_v together_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o the_o endeavour_v thereof_o express_v by_o a_o mutual_a love_n and_o assistance_n must_v in_o some_o degree_n be_v find_v among_o all_o nation_n as_o necessary_a to_o their_o own_o happiness_n and_o preservation_n nay_o it_o seem_v far_o manifest_v to_o i_o that_o those_o who_o attain_v but_o to_o the_o age_n of_o manhood_n do_v owe_v all_o those_o past_a year_n much_o more_o to_o the_o endeavour_n of_o other_o bestow_v upon_o the_o common_a good_a than_o to_o their_o own_o care_n which_o in_o their_o tender_a age_n be_v almost_o none_o at_o all_o for_o we_o then_o do_v altogether_o depend_v upon_o and_o owe_v our_o preservation_n to_o that_o obedience_n which_o other_o yield_v as_o well_o to_o oeconomical_a precept_n as_o to_o all_o law_n both_o civil_a and_o religious_a which_o do_v whole_o proceed_v from_o this_o care_n of_o the_o common_a good_n whereas_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o if_o afterward_o we_o expose_v our_o life_n to_o danger_n yea_o if_o we_o lose_v they_o for_o the_o public_a good_a we_o shall_v lose_v far_o less_o for_o its_o sake_n than_o we_o do_v before_o receive_v from_o it_o for_o we_o do_v then_o only_o lose_v the_o uncertain_a hope_n of_o future_a enjoyment_n whereas_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o scarce_o so_o much_o as_o the_o hope_n of_o they_o can_v remain_v to_o particular_a person_n where_o the_o common_a good_a be_v destroy_v for_o we_o have_v thence_o receive_v the_o real_a possession_n of_o all_o those_o contentment_n of_o life_n with_o which_o we_o be_v blessed_v and_o therefore_o we_o be_v bind_v in_o