otherwise to vanquish his enemy This imagination so vaine and voyde of ground hath growne from the ignorance of some of our common sort of Marriners and vulgar people which haue beene prisoners in Spaine Who being examined and asked why her Maiesties shippes in occasions bourd not haue answered and enformed That it is the expresse order of her Maiestie and Counsell in no case to hazard her shippes by bourding yea I haue knowne some Captaines of our owne to colour their faint proceedings haue auerred as much which is nothing so For in the houre that her Maiestie or Counsell committeth the charge of any her shippes to any person it is left to his discretion to bourd or not to bourd as the reason of seruice requireth And therefore let no man hereafter pretend ignorance nor for this vanitie leaue to doe his duty or that which is most probable to redound to the honour and seruice of his Prince and Countrey and to the damage of his enemy For in case he excuse himselfe with this allegation it cannot but redound to his condemnation and disreputation And I assure all men that in any reasonable equalitie of shipping we cannot desire greater aduantage then we haue of the Spaniards by bourding The reasons why I hold it not conuenient to discourse in perticular but experience and tract of time with that which I haue seene amongst them hath taught me this knowledge and those who haue seene their discipline and ours cannot but testifie the same SECT LX. AGaine all that which hath beene spoken of the danger of the Artillery in bourding is not to be wrested nor interpreted to cut of vtterly the vse of all Artillery after bourdinâ— but rather I hold nothing more conuenient in shippes of warre then fowlers and great bases in the cage workes and Murderers in the Cobridge heads for that their execution and speedie charging and discharging is of great moment Many I know haue left the vse of them and of sundry other preuentions as of sherehookes stones in their toppes and arming them Pikebolts in their wales and diuers other engines of Antiquitie But vpon what inducement I cannot relate vnlesse it be because they neuer knew their effects and benefit and may no doubt be vsed without the inconueniences before mentioned in great Ordinance As also such may be the occasion that without danger some of the great Artillery may be vsed and that with great effect which is in the discretion of the Commanders and their Gunners as hath beene formerly seene and daily is experimented in the Reuenge of her Maiesties good experâ—ence was made who sunke two of the Spanish Armado lying abourd her SECT LXI IN these bourdings and Skirmishes diuers of our men were slaine and many hurt and my selfe amongst them receiued sixe wounds one of them in the necke very perillous another through the arme perishing the bone and cutting the sinewes close by the Arme-pit the rest not so dangerous The Master of our shippe had one of his eyes his nose and halfe his face shott away Master Henry Courton was slaine on these two I principally relyed for the prosecution of our voyage if God by sickenesse or otherwise should take me away The Spaniards with their great Ordinance lay continually playing vpon vs and now and then parled and inuited vs to surrender our selues a Buena Querra The Captaine of our shippe in whose direction and guide our liues our honour and welfare now remained seeing many of our people wounded and slaine and that few were left to sustaine and maintaine the fight or to resist the entry of the enemy if he should againe board with vs and that our contraries offered vs good pertido came vnto me accompanied with some others and began to relate the state of our shippe and how that many were hurt and slaine and scarce any men appeared to trauerse the Artillery or to oppose themselues for defence if the enemy should bourd with vs againe And how that the Admirall offered vs life and liberty and to receiue vs a Buena querra and to send vs into our owne countrey Saying that if I thought it so meete he and the rest were of opinion that we should put out a flagge of truce and make some good composition The great losse of blood had weakned me much The torment of my wounds newly receiued made me faint and I laboured for life within short space expecting I should giue vp the ghost But this parly pearced through my heart and wounded my soule words failed me wherewith to expresse it and none can conceiue it but he which findeth himselfe in the like agonie yet griefe and rage ministred force and caused me to breake forth into this reprehension and execution following Great is the Crosse which Almightie God hath suffered to come vpon me That assaulted by our professed enemies and by them wounded as you see in body lying gasping for breath those whom I reputed for my friends to fight with me those which I relyed on as my brethren to defend me in all occasions Those whom I haue nourished cherished fostered and loued as my children to succour me helpe me and to sustaine my reputation in all extremities are they who first draw their swords against me are they which wound my heart in giuing me vp into mine enemies hands whence proceedeth this ingratitude whence this faintnesse of heart whence this madnesse is the cause you fight for vniust is the honour and loue of your Prince and Countrey buried in the dust your sweete liues are they become loathsome vnto you will you exchange your liberty for thraldome will you consent to see that which you haue sweat for and procured with so great labour and aduenture at the dispose of your enemies can you content your selues to suffer my blood spilt before your eyes and my life bereft me in your presence with the blood and liues of your deere brethren to be vnreuenged is not an honourable death to be preferred before a miserable and slauish life The one susteining the honour of our nation of our predecessours and of our societie the other ignominious to our selues and reproachfull to our nation Can you be perswaded that the enemy will performe his promise with you that neuer leaueth to breake it with others when he thinketh it advantagious and know you not that with him all is conuenient that is profitable Hold they not this for a maxime that nulla fides est seruanda cum hereticis In which number they accompt vs to be Haue you forgotten their faith violated with my father in St. Iohn de Vlua the conditions and capitulations being firmed by the Viceroy and twelue Hostages all principall personages giuen for the more securitie of either party to other Haue you forgotten their promise broken with Iohn Vibao and his company in Florida hauing conditioned to giue them shipping and victuals to carry them into their Countrey immediately after they had deliuered their
in this Worke we saw a Shippe turning to Windwards to succour her selfe of the Ilands but having discryed vs put off to Sea-wards Two dayes after the wind changing we saw her againe running alongst the coast and the Daintie not being in case to goe after her for many reasons we manned the Fancie and sent her after her who about the setting of the Sunne â—etched her vp and spake with her when finding her to be a great Fly-boat of at least three or foure hundreth Tunnes with 18. Peeces of Artillery would haue returned but the wind freshing in put her to Leewards and standing in to succour her selfe of the land had sight of another small Barke which after a short chase shee tooke but had nothing of moment in her for that she had bin vpon the great Sholes of Abreoios in 18. degrees and there throwne all they had by the board to saue their liues This and the other chase were the cause that the Fancie could not beat it vp in many dayes but before we had put all in a readinesse the wind changing shee came vnto vs and made Relation of that which had past and how they had given the small Barke to the Portingalls and brought with them onely her Pilot and a Marchant called Pedro de escalante of Potosi SECT XXVII IN this Coast the Portingalls by industrie of the Indians haue wrought many feats At Cape Frio they tooke a great French Ship in the night the most of her company being on the shore with Cannoas which they haue in this Coast so great that they carry seventie and eightie men in one of them And in Isla grand I saw one that was aboue threescore foote long of one tree as are all that I haue seene in Brasill with provisions in them for twentie or thirtie dayes At the Iland of San-sebastian neere Saint Vincent the Indians killed about eightie of master Candish his men and tooke his Boat which was the overthrow of his Voyage There commeth not any Ship vpon this Coast whereof these Cannoas giue not notice presently to every place And wee were certified in Isla grand that they had sent an Indian from the River of Ienero through all the Mountaines and Marishes to take a view of vs and accordingly made a Relation of our Shippes Boates and the number of men which we might haue But to prevent the like danger that might come vpon vs being carelesse and negligent I determined one night in the darkest and quietest of it to see what watch our Company kept on the shore man'd our Light-horsman and Boat armed them with Bowes and Targetts and got a shore some good distance from the places where were our Boothes and sought to come vpon them vndiscovered wee vsed all our best endevours to take them at vnawares yet comming within fortie paces we were discovered the whole and the sicke came forth to oppose themselues against vs. Which wee seeing gaue them the Hubbub after the manner of the Indians and assaulted them and they vs but being a close darke night they could not discerne vs presently vpon the Hubbub From our Shippe the Gunner shott a peece of Ordinance over our heads according to the order given him and thereof we tooke occasion to retyre vnto our Boates and within a little space came to the Boothes and landing places as though wee came from our Shippes to ayde them They began to recount vnto vs how that at the wester poynt of the Iland out of certaine Cannoas had landed a multitude of Indians which with a great out-cry came vpon thâ—m and â—ssaulted them fiercely but finding better resistance then they looked for and seeing themselues discovered by the Shippes tooke themselues to their heeles and returned to their Cannoas in which they imbarked themselues and departed One affirmed he saw the Cannoas another their long hayre a third their Bowes a fourth that it could not be but that some of them had their payments And it was worth the sight to behold those which had not moved out of their beds in many Moneths vnlesse by the helpe of others gotten some a bow-shoot off into the Woods others into the toppes of Trees and those which had any strength ioyned together to fight for their liues In fine the Booths and Tents were left desolate To colour our businesse the better after we had spent some houre in seeking out and ioyning the Companie together in comforting animating and commending them I left them an extraordinary Guard for that night and so departed to our Shippes with such an opinion of the assault given by the Indians that many so possessed through all the Voyage would not be perswaded to the contrary Which impression wrought such effect in most of my Companie that in all places where the Indians might annoy vs they were after most carefull and vigilant as was convenient In these Ilands it heigheth and falleth some fiue or six foot water and but once in two and twentie houres as in all this Coast and in many parts of the West Indies as also in the coast of Perew and Chely saving where are great Bayes or indraughts and there the tydes keepe their ordinary course of twice in foure and twentie houres In the lesser of these Ilands is a Caue for a small Ship to ride in Land-lockt and shee may moore her selfe to the trees of either side this we called Palmito Iland for the aboundance it hath of the greater sort of Palmito trees the other hath none at all A man may goe betwixt the Ilands with his Ship but the better course is out at one end In these Ilands are many Scorpions Snakes and Adders with other venemous Vermine They haue Parotts and a certaine kinde of fowle like vnto Phesants somewhat bigger and seeme to be of their nature Here we spent aboue a moneth in curing of our sicke men supplying our wants of Wood and Water and in other necessary workes And the tenth of December all things put in order we set sayle for Cape Frio having onely six men sicke with purpose there to set ashore our two Prisoners before named and anchoring vnder the Cape we sent our Boat a shore but they could not finde any convenient place to land them in and so returned the Wind being Southerly and not good to goe on our voyage we succoured our selues within Isla Grand which lyeth some dozen or foureteene Leagues from the Cape betwixt the West and by South and West South-west the rather to set our Prisoners a shore In the mid way betwixt the Cape and this Iland lyeth the River Ienero a very good Harbour fortified with a Garrison and a place well peopled The Isla Grand is some eight or ten Leagues long and causeth a goodly Harbour for Shipping It is full of great sandie Bayes and in the most of them is store of good water within this Iland are many other smaller Ilands which cause divers
proverbe to bee falsely founded for that it was not to bee vnderstood that for erring it is better but because it is supposed that by hitting a man shall get emulation of the contradictors I encounâ—ered it with another that sayth better to be envied then pittied and well considering that being out of the Harbour if the winde tooke vs contrary to goe to Elizabeth Bay was better then to bee in the Port for a man must of force warpe in and out of it and in the time that the Shippe could be brought foorth into the Channell the winde being good a man might come from Elizabeth Bay to the Port and that there we should haue the wind first being more to the East-wardes and in an open Bay and moreover might set sayle in the night if the wind should rise in the Evening or in the Night whereas in the Port of force we must waite the light of the Day I made my selfe deafe to all murmurings and caused my commaund to be put in execution and doubtlesse it was Gods gracious inspiration as by the event was seene for being gotten into the Channell within an houre the winde came good and we sayled merrily on our Voyage and by the breake of the day wee had the mouth oâ— the Straites open and about foure of the Clocke in the afternoone wee were thwart of Cape Desire which is the westermost part of the Land on the Souther side of the Straites SECT XXXVIII HEre such as haue command may behold the many miseries that befall them not onely by vnexpected Accidents and mischances but also by contradictions and murmurs of their owne people of all calamities the greatest which can befall a man of discretion and valour and as difficult to be overcome for to require reason of the common sort is as the Philosopher sayth To seeke Counsell of a madd man Herein as I sayd before they resemble a stiffe necked Horse who taking the bridle in his teeth carrieth the rider whether he pleaseth so once possessed with any imagination no reason is able to convince them The best remedie I can propound is to wish our Nation in this poynt to be well advised and in especiall all those that follow the Sea ever having before their eyes the auncient Discipline of our Predecessors who in conformitiâ— and obedience to their Chiefes and Commanders haue beene a mirror to all other Nations with patience silence and suffering putting in execution what they haue beene Commanded and thereby gained the blessings due to such vertues and leaving to posteritie perpetuall memories of their glorious Victories A iust recompence for all such as Conquer themselues and subiect their most specious willes to the will of their Superiors SECT XXXIX IN apprehension whereof at land I cannot forbeare the Discipline thereof as at this day and in the dayes of late memory it hath beene practised in the States of Flaunders Fraunce and Brittayne wherâ— as the Spaniards Wallons Switzers and other Nations are daily full of murmurings and mutenies vpon every sleight occasion The like I also wish should be imitated by those who follow the Sea that is that those who are subiect to Command presume no further then to that which belongeth vnto them Qui nescit parere nescit imperare I speake this for that I haue sometimes seene vnexpert and ignorant persons yea vnable to iudge of any poynt appertaining to government or the guide of a Shippe or company of men presuming vpon their fine witts and enamored of their owne concâ—its contradict and dispute against graâ—e wise and experimented Governours many forward fellowes thinking themselues better worthie to command then to be commanded Such persons I advise not to goe but where they may command or els looking before they leapt to consider well vnder whom they place themselues seeing for the most part it is in their choyce to choose a Governour from whom they may expect satisfaction but choyce being once made to resolue with the patient wife in History That that day wherein shee married her selfe to an husband that very day shee had no longer any will more then the will of her husband And so he that by Sea or Land placeth himselfe to serue in any action must make reckoning that the time the iourney endureth he hath no other will nor dispose of himselfe then that of his Commander for in the Governors hand is all power to recompence and reward to punish or forgiue Likewise those who haue charge and Command must sometimes with patience or sufferance overcome their fury and misconceits according to occasions for it is a great poynt of wisedome especially in a generall murmuring where the cause is iust or that as often times it happeneth any probable accident may divert the minds of the discontented and giue hope of remedie or future event may produce Repentance to turne as they say the deafe eare and to winke at that a man seeth As it is saâ—d of Charles the fifth Emperour of Germany and King of Spaine who rounding his Campe one night disguised heard some Souldiers rayle and speake evill of him those which accompanied him were of opinion that he should vse some exemplary punishment vpon them not so sayth he for these now vexed with the miseries they suffer ease their hearts with their tongues but if occasion present it selfe they will not sticke to sacrifice their liues for my safetie A resolution worthy so prudent a Commander and so magnanimous a Prince The like is written of Fabius Maximus the famous Romayne who endured the attribute of Coward with many other infamies rather then he would hazard the safetie of his Countrie by rash and incertaine provocations No lesse worthy of perpetuall memory was the prudent pollicie and government of our English Navie in Anno 1588. by the worthy Earle of Nottingham Lord high Admirall of England who in like case with mature and experimented knowledge patiently withstood the instigations of many Couragious and Noble Captaines who would haue perswaded him to haue laid them aboord but well he foresaw that the enemy had an Armie aboord he none that they exceeded him in number of Shipping and those greater in Bulke stronger built and higher molded so that they who with such advantage fought from aboue might easily distresse all opposition below the slaughter peradventure prooving more fatall then the victory profitable by being overthrowne he might haue hazzarded the Kingdome whereas by the Conquest at most he could haue boasted of nothing but Glorie and an enemie defeated But by sufferance he alwayes advantaged himselfe of winde and tide which was the freedome of our Countrey and securitie of our Navie with the destruction of theirs which in the eye of the ignorant who iudge all things by the externall appearance seemed invincible but truely considered was much inferior to ours in all things of substance as the event prooved for we sunke spoyled and tooke of them many and they diminished
the experience that I haue learned which with forcible reasons I could proue to be much rather discomodious and worthy to be reformed But withall I hold it not necessary to discourse here of that particulariâ—ie but leaue the consequence to men of vnderstanding and so surcease SECT LXII ALl this second day and the third day and night our Captaine and company susteined the fight notwithstanding the disadvantage where with they fought The enemie being ever to wind-ward and wee to lee-ward their shott much damnifying vs and ours little annoying them for whensoever a man encountreth with his enemie at sea in gayning the weather gage hee is in possibilie to sinke his contrary but his enemie cannot not sinke him and therefore hee which is forced to fight with this disadvantage is to procure by all meanes possible to shoote downe his contraries Masts or Yards and to teare or spoylr his tackling and sayles for which purpose billets of some heavie wood fitted to the great Ordinance are of great importance And so are Arrowes of fire to bee shot out of slur-bowes and cases of small shot ioyned two and two together with peeces of wyer of fiue or six ynches long which also shot out of muskets are of good effect for tearing the sayles or cutting the tackling Some are of opinion that crosse barres and chaine-shot are of moment for the spoyling of Masts and Yards but experience dayly teacheth them not to be of great importance though neere at hand I confesse they worke great execution but the round shott is the onely principall and powerfull meane to breake Mast or Yard And in this our fight the Admirall of the Spaniards had his fore-mast shot through with two round shott some three yardes beneath the head had either of them entred but foure ynches further into the heart of the Mast without all doubt it had freed vs and perhaps put them into our hands The third day in the after-noone which was the 22. of Iune 1594. according to our computation and which I follow in this my discourse our sayles being torne our Mastes all perished our pumpes rent and shot to peeces and our shippe with foureteene short vnder water and seven or eight foote of water in hold many of our men being slaine and the most part of them which remayned sore hurt and in a manner altogether fruiteles and the enemie offering still to receaue vs a buena querra and to giue vs life and libertie and imbarkation for our countrey Our Captaine and those which remayned of our Company were all of opinion that our best course was to surrender our selues before our â—hippe suncke And so by common consent agreed the second time to send a servant of mine Thomas Sanders to signifie vnto mee the estate of our shippe and company And that it was impossible by any other way to expect for hope of deliverance or life but by the miraculous hand of God in vsing his Almighty power or by an honourable surrender which in every mans opinion was thought most convenient So was I desired by him to giue also my consent that the Captaine might capitulate with the Spanish Generall and to compound the best partido he could by surrendring our selues into his hands vpon condition of life and libertie This hee declared vnto me being in a manner voyd of sence and out of hope to liue or recover which considered and the circumstances of his relation I answered as I could that hee might iudge of my state readie every moment to giue vp the Ghost and vnable to discerne in this cause what was convenient except I might see the present state of the shippe And that the honour or dishonour the wel-fare or misery was for â—hem which should be partakers of life At last for that I had satisfaction of his valour and true dealing in all the time hee had served me and in correspondence of it had given him as was notorious charge and credit in many occasions I bound him by the loue and regard hee ought me and by the faith and duty to Almighty God to tell me truely if all were as he had declared Whereunto hee made answere that hee had manifested vnto mee the plaine and naked truth and that hee tooke God to witnesse of the same truth with which receiving satisfaction I forced my selfe what I could to perswade him to annimate his companions and in my name to intreate the Captaine and the rest to persevere in defence of their libertie liues and reputation remitting all to his discretion not doubting but he would be tender of his dutie and zealous of my reputation in preferring his liberty and the liberty of the Company aboue all respects whatsoever As for the welfare hoped by a surrender I was altogether vnlikely to be partaker thereof Death threatning to depriue me of the benefit which the Enemie offered but if God would bee pleased to free vs the ioy and comfort I should receiue might perhaps giue me force and strength to recover health Which answere being delivered to the Captaine hee presently caused a slagge of truce to be put in place of our Ensigne and began to parley of our surrendry with a Spaniard which Don Beltran appointed for that purpose from the poope of the Admirall to offer in his name the conditions before specified with his faithfull promise and oath as the King Generall to take vs a buena querra and to send vs all into our owne Countrey The promise hee accepted and sayd that vnder the same hee yeelded and surrendred himselfe shippe and company Immediately there came vnto me another servant of mine and told me that our Captaine had surrendred himselfe and our shippe which vnderstood I called vnto one Iâ—an Gomes de Pineda a Spanish Pilote which was our prisoner and in all the fight we had kept close in hold and willed him to goe to the Generall Don Beltran de Castro from mee to tell him that if he would giue vs his word and oath as the Generall of the King and some pledge for confirmation to receiue vs a buena querra and to giue vs our liues and libertie and present passage into our owne Countrey that we would surrender our selues and shippe into his handes Otherwise that hee should never enioy of vs nor ours any thing but a resolution every man to dye fighting With this Message I dispatched him and called vnto me all my Company and encouraged them to sacrifice their liues fighting and killing the Enemie if he gaue but a fillip to any of our companions The Spaniards willed vs to hoise out our boate which was shott all to peâ—â—es and so was theirs Seing that hee called to vs to amaine our sayles which wee could not well doe for that they were slung and wee had not men inough to hand them In this parley the Vice-admirall comming vpon our quarter and not knowing of what had past discharged her two chase peeces at vs and hurt
When comming about to bee decked entring the river of Thames her old Leake breaking vpon her had like to haue drowned all those which were in her In Anno 1591. with a storme of wind and weather riding at her Moorings in the river of Rochester nothing but her bare Maâ—ts over head shee was turned topse-turvie her Kele vppermost And the cost and losse shee wrought I haue too good cause to remember in her last Voyage in which shee was lost when shee gaue England and Spaine iust cause to remember her For the Spaniards themselues confesse that three of their Ships sunke by her side and was the death of aboue 1500. of their men with the losse of a great part of their fleete by a storme which suddainly tooke them the next day What English died in her many liuing are witnesses Amongst which was Sir Richard Greenfeild a noble and valiant Gentleman Vice-admirall in her of her Maiesties Fleete So that well considered shee was even a Ship loaden and full fraught with ill successe The like wee might behold in the Thunderbolt of London who in one Voyage as I remember had her Mast cleft with a Thunderbolt vpon the Coast of â—arbary After in Dartmouth going for Admirall of the Whaftage and guard of the Fleete for the River of Bourdieux had also all her Poope blowne vp with fire sodainly and vntill this day never could be knowne the cause or manner how And lastly shee was burned with her whole Companie in the River of Bourdieux and Master Edward Wilson Generall in her slaine by his enemies having escaped the fire The successe of the Iesus of Lubecke in Saint Iohn de Vlua in the Nona Spania infamous to the Spaniardes with my Repentance in the South Sea taken by force hath vtterly impoverished and overthrowne our house The Iourney of Spaine pretended for England Anno 1587. called the Iourney of Revenge left the principall of their men and Ships on the Rockes of Cape Finister and the rest made a lamentable end for the most part in the Groyne No more for this poynt but to our purpose SECT II. THe REPENTANCE being put in perfection and riding at Detford the Queenes Maiestie passing by her to her Pallace of Greenwych commanded her Bargemen to Row round about her and viewing her from Post to Stemme disliked nothing but her Name and said that shee would Christen her a new and that thenceforth shee should be called the Daintie which name shee brooked as well for her proportion and grace as for the many happie Voyages shee made in her Maiesties services Having taken for her Maiestie a great Bysten of fiue hundred Tunnes loaden with Iron and other Commodities vnder the conduct of Sir Martin Furbusher A Caracke bound for the East Inâ—ies vnder my Fathers charge and the principall cause of taking the great Caracke brought to Dartmouth by Sir Iohn Borrow and the Earle of Cumberlands Shippes Anno 1592. with others of moment in her other Voyages To vs shee never brought but cost trouble and care Therefore my Father resolved to sell her though with some losse which he imparted with me and for that I had ever a particular loue vnto her and a desire shee should continue ours I offered to case him of the charge and care of her and to take her with all her Furniture at the price he had before taken her of me with resolution to put in execution the Voyage for which shee was first builded Although it lay six moneths and more in suspence partly vpon the pretended Voyage for Nombrededios and Panama which then was fresh a foote and partly vpon the Caracke at Dartmouth in which I was imployed as a Commiâ—sioner but this Businesse being ended and the other pretence waxing colde the fift of March I resolved and beganne to goe forward with the iourney so often talked of and so much desired And having made an estimate of the charge of Victualls Munition Imprests Sea-store and necessaries for the sayd Ship consorting another of an hundred Tunnes which I waited for daily from the Straites of Giberalter with a Pynace of sixtie Tunnes all mine owne And for a competent number of Men for them as also of all sorts of Marchandises for trade and traffique in all places where wee should come I began to wage men to buy all manner of victualls and provisions and to lade her with them and with all sorts of Commodities which I could call to minde fitting and dispatched order to my servant in Plimouth to put in a readinesse my Pynace as also to take vp certaine Provisions which are better cheape in those parts then in London as Beefe Porke Bisket and Sider And with the diligence I vsed and my Fathers furtherance at the end of one Moneth I was readie to set Sayle for Plimouth to ioyne with the rest of my Shippes and Provisions But the expecting of the comming of the Lord high Admirall Sir Robert Cecill principall Secretary to her Maiestie and Sir Walter Rawley with others to honour my Shippe and me with their presence and farewell detayned me some dayes and the rayne and vntemperate weather deprived me of the favour which I was in hope to haue received at their hands Wherevpon being loath to loose more time and the Winde serving according to my wish the eight of Aprill 1593. I caused the Pilot to set Sayle from Blackwall and to vayle downe to Graues-end whether that night I purposed to come Having taken my vnhappy last leaue of my Father Sir Iohn Hawkins I tooke my Barge and rowed downe the River and comming to Barking wee might see my Ship at an Anchor in the midst of the Channell where Ships are not wont to more themselues this bred in me some alteration And comming aboord her one and other began to recant the perill they had past of losse of Ship and goods which was not little for the winde being at East North-east when they set sayle and vered out Southerly it forced them for the doubling of a point to bring their tacke aboard and looffing vp the winde freshing sodenly the Shipp began to make a little hele and for that shee was very deepe loaden and her ports open the water began to enter in at them which no bodie having regard vnto thinking themselues safe in the River it augmented in such maner as the waight of the water began to presse downe the side more then the winde At length when it was seene and the shete flowne shee could hardly be brought vpright But God was pleased that with the diligence and travell of the Company shee was freed of that danger which may be a gentle warning to all such as take charge of Shipping even before they set sayle eyther in River or Harbour or other part to haue an eye to their ports and to see those shut and callked which may cause danger for avoyding the many mishaps which dayly chance for the
neglect thereof and haue beene most lamentable spectacles and examples vnto vs Experiments in the great Harry Admirall of England which was over-set and suncke at Ports-mouth with her Captaine Carew and the most part of his company drowned in a goodly Summers day with a little flawe of winde for that her ports were all open and making a small hele by them entred their destruction where if they had beene shut no wind could haue hurt her especially in that place In the River of Thames Master Thomas Candish had a small Ship over-set through the same negligence And one of the Fleete of Syr Francis Drake in Santo Domingo Harbour turned her keele vpward likewise vpon the same occasion with many others which wee never haue knowledge of And when this commeth to passe many times negligence is cloaked with the fury of the winde which is a double fault for the truth being knowne others would bee warned to shun the like neglects for it is a very bad Ship whose Masts crackt not asunder whose Sayles and tackling flie not in peeces before shee over-set especially if shee be English built And that which over-setteth the Ship is the waight of the water that presseth downe the side which as it entreth more and more increaseth the waight and the impossibilitie of the remedie For the water not entring with casing of the sheate or striking the sayles or putting the Ship before the winde or Sea or other diligences as occasion is offered and all expert Mariners know remedie is easily found With this mischaunce the Mariners were so daunted that they would not proceede with the Ship any further except shee were lighted which indeede was needelesse for many reasons which I gaue but Mariners are like to a stiffe necked Horse which taking the bridle betwixt his teeth forceth his Rider to what him list maâ—ger his will so they hauing once concluded and resolved are with great difficultie brought to yeelde to the raynes of reason And to colour their negligence they added cost trouble and delay In fine seeing no other remedie I dispatched that night a servant of mine to giue account to my Father of that which had past and to bring mee presently some Barke of London to goe along with mee to Plymouth which not finding he brought me a Hoye in which I loaded some sixe or eight tunns to giue content to the company and so set sayle the 13. of Aprill and the next day wee put in at Harwich for that the winde was contrary and from thence departed the 18. of the sayd Moneth in the morning When wee were cleere of the Sands the winde vered to the South-west and so we were forced to put into Margat Roade whether came presently after vs a Fleete of Hollanders of aboue an hundreth Sayle bound for Rochell to loade salt and in their companie a dozen ships of Warre their wasters very good ships and well appointed in all respects All which came alongst by our ship and â—â—â—ured vs as is the custome of the Sea some with three others with fiue others with more peeces of Ordinance The next morning the winde vering Easterly I set sayle and the Hollanders with me and they with the flood in hand went out at the North-sands-head and I through the Gulls to shorten my way and to set my Pilates shore Comming neere the South-sore-land the winde began to vere to the South-east and by south so as we could not double the point of the Land and being close abourd the shore and putting our ship to slay what with the chapping Sea and what with the Tide vpon the Bowe shee mist staying and put vs in some daunger before wee could flact about therefore for doubling the point of any land better is ever a short bourd then to put all in perill Being tacked about wee thought to anchor in the Downes but the sayles set we made a small bourd and after casting about againe doubled the foreland and ran alongst the Coast till we came to the I le of Wight where being becalmed wee sent a shore Master Thomson of Harwich our Pilot not being able before to set him on shore for the perversnes of the winde Being cleere of the Wight the winde vered Southerly and before wee came to Port-land to the west South-west but with the helpe of the ebbe wee recovered Port-land ronde where we anchored all that night and the next morning with the ebbe wee set sayle againe the winde at west South-west purposing to beare it vp all the ebbe and to stop the flood being vnder sayle SECT III. THe Fleete of Flemings which had beene in our company before came towring into the road which certainly was a thing worth the notiâ—g to behold the good order the Masters observed in guard of their fleete The Admirall headmost the râ—st of the men of Warre spread alongst to wind-ward all saving the vice-Admirall and her consort which were lee-most and stern-most of all and except the Admirall which was the first that came to an Anchor None of the other men of warre anchored before all the Fleete was in safetie and then they placed themselues round about the Fleete the Vice-Admirall Seamost and Leemost which we haue taught vnto most Nations and they obserue it now a dayes better then we to our shame that being the Authors and reformers of the best Discipline and Lawes in Sea causes are become those which doe now worst execute them And I cannot gather whence this contempt hath growne except of the neglect of Discipline or rather in giuing commands for favour to those which want experience of what is committed to their charge Or that there hath beene little curiositie in our countrey in writing of the Discipline of the Sea which is not lesse necessary for vs then that of the Law And I am of opinion that the want of experience is much more tollerable in a Generall by Land then in a Gouernour by Sea For in the field the Lieutenant Generall the Sergeant Maior and the Coronels supply what is wanting in the Generall for that they all command and ever there is place for Counsell which in the Sea by many accidents is denied and the head is he that manageth all in whom alone if there be defect all is badly governed for by ignorance how can errors be iudged or reformed And therefore I wish all to take vpon them that which they vnderstand and refuse the contrary As Sir Henry Palmer a wise and valiant Gentleman a great commander and of much experience in Sea causes being appoynted by the Queenes Maiesties Counsell to goe for Generall of a Fleete for the coast of Spaine Anno 1583. submitting himselfe to their Lordships pleasure excused the charge saying that his trayning vp had beene in the narrow Seas and that of the other he had little experience And therefore was in dutie bound to intreate their Honours to make choice of some other person that was
a-far off with other poynts and circumstances as the occasions shall minister matter different at the discretion of the wise Commander But some one may say vnto me that in all occasions it is not convenient to giue Directions for that if the enemy happen vpon any of the Fleete or that there be any treacherous person in the company their Designements may be discovered and so prevented To this I answere that the prudent Governour by good consideration may avoyde this by publication of that which is good and necessarie for the guide of his Fleete and people by all secret instructions to giue them sealed and not to be opened but comming to a place appoynted after the manner of the Turkish direction to the Bashawes who are their Generalls and in any eminent perill to cast them by the boord or otherwise to make away with them For he that setteth Sayle not giving directions in writing to his Fleete knoweth not if the night or day following he may be separated from his Company which happeneth sometimes and then if a place of meeting be not knowne he runneth in danger not to ioyne them together againe And for places of meeting when seperation happeneth I am of opinion to appoynt the place of meeting in such a height twentie or thirtie or fortie Leagues off the Land or Iland East or West is not so fitting if the place affoord it as some sound betwixt Ilands or some Iland or Harbour It may be alledged in contradiction and with probable reason that it is not fit for a Fleete to stay in a Harbour for one Ship nor at an Anchor at an Iland for being discovered or for hinderance of their Voyage Yet it is the best for when the want is but for one or two ships a Pynace or Ship may wayte the time appoynted and remaine with direction for them But commonly one Ship though but a bad Sayler maketh more hast then a whole Fleete and is at the meeting place first if the accident be not very important The place of meeting if it might be would be able to giue at the least refreshing of water and wood SECT IX LAnching out into the Channell the wind being at East and by South and East South East which blowing hard and a flood in hand caused a chapping Sea and my Vice-admirall bearing a good Sayle made some water and shooting off a peece of Ordinance I edged towardes her to know the cause who answered me that they had sprung a great Leake and that of force they must returne into the sound which seeing to be necessary I cast about where Anchoring and going aboord presently found that betwixt Wind and Water the Calkers had left a seame vncalked which being filled vp with Pitch onely the Sea labouring that out had beene sufficient to haue sunke her in short space if it had not beene discovered in time And truely there is little care vsed now adaies amongst our countrimen in this Profession in respect of that which was vsed in times past and is accustomed in France in Spaine and in other parts Which necessitie will cause to be reformed in time by assigning the portion that every workeman is to Calke that if there bee dammage through his default he may be forced to contribute towards the losse occasioned through his negligence And for more securitie I hold it for a good custome vsed in some parts in making an end of calking and pitching the ship the next tide to fill her with water which will vndoubtedly discover the defect for no pitcht place without calking can suffer the force and peaze of the water In neglect whereof I haue seene great damage and danger to ensue The Arke Royall of his Maiesties may serue for an example which put all in daunger at her first going to the Sea by a trivuell-hole left-open in the post and covered onely with pitch In this point no man can be too circumspect for it is the security of ship men and goods SECT X. THis being remedied I set sayle in the morning and ran South-west till we were cleere of Vsshent and then South south-west till we were some hundred Leagues off where wee met with a great Hulke of some fiue or sixe hundred tunnes well appointed the which my company as is naturall to all Mariners presently would make a prize and loaden with Spaniards goods and without speaking to her wished that the Gunner might shoote at her to cause her to amaine Which is a bad custome received and vsed of many ignorant persons presently to gun at all whatsoever they discover before they speake with them being contrary to all discipline and many times is cause of dissention betwixt friends and the breach of Amitie betwixt Princes the death of many and sometimes losse of Shippes and all making many obstinate if not desperate whereas in vsing common courtesie they would better bethinke themselues and so with ordinarie proceeding iustified by reason and the custome of all well disciplined people might perhaps many times breede an increase of Amitie a succour to necessity and excuse divers inconveniencies and sutes which haue impoverished many for it hath chanced by this errour that two English ships neither carrying flag for their perticular respects to change each with other a dozen payre of shott with hurt to both being after too late to repent their follie Yea a person of credit hath told mee that two English men of Warre in the Night haue layd each other aboord willingly with losse of many men and dammage to both onely for the fault of not speaking one to the other which might seeme to carrie with it some excuse if they had beene neere the shore or that the one had beene a Hull and the other vnder sayle in feare shee should haue escaped not knowing what shee was though in the night it is no wisedome to bourd with any ship but in the maine Sea and both desiring to ioyne was a sufficient declaration that both were seekers and therefore by day or night he that can speake with the Ship hee seeth is bound vpon payne to bee reputed voyd of good Governement to hayle her before hee shoote at her Some man may say that in the meane time shee might gaine the winde in such causes and many others necessity giveth exception to all Lawes and experience teacheth what is fit to bee done Master Thomas Hampton once Generall of a Fleete of Wasters sent to Rochell Anno 1585. with secret instructions considering and as a man of experience wisely vnderstanding his place and affaires in like case shut his Eare to the instigations and provocations of the common sort preferring the publique good of both Kingdomes before his owne reputation with the vulgar people And as another Fabius Maximus cunctando restituit rem non ponendo rumores ante salutem The French Kings Fleete comming where he was and to winde-ward of him all his
Shipps being all deepe loaden began to feele the Tempest so that wee not able to lye by it neither a hull nor a try and so with an easie Sayle bare vp before the Wind with intent to put into Falmouth but God was pleased that comming within tenne leagues of Sylly the wind vered to the North-east and so we went on in our Voyage Thwart of the Flees of Bayon wee met with a small Ship of Master Waltre of London called the Elizabeth which came out of Plimouth some eyght dayes after vs of whom wee enformed our selues of some particularities and wrote certaine Letters to our Friends making Relation of what had past till that day and so tooke our farewell each of the other The like we did with a small Carvell of Plimouth which wee meet in the height of the Rocke in Portingall From thence wee directed our course to the Ilands of Madera and about the end of Iune in the sight of the Ilands we descryed a Sayle some three leagues to the East-wards and a league to Wind-ward of vs which by her manner of working and making gaue vs to vnderstand that shee was one of the Kings Frigarts For shee was long and snugg and spread a large Clewe and standing to the West-wards and weâ— to the East-wards to recover her Wake when we east about shee beganne to â—eco shete and to goe away lasking and within two glasses iâ— was plainely seene that shee went from vs and so we followed on our course and shee seeing that presently stroke her Topsayles which our Pynace perceiving and being within shot continued the Chase till I shot off a Peece and called her away which fault many runne into thinking to get thereby and sometimes loose themselues by being too bold to venture from their Fleete for it was impossible for vs being to leeward to take her or to succour our owne shee being a Ship of about two hundreth Tunnes And Pynaces to meddle with Ships is to buy Repentance at too deare a rate For their office is to wayte vpon their Fleete in calmes with their Oares to follow a Chase and in occasions to Anchor neere the shore when the greater Ships cannot without perill Aboue all to be readie and obedient at every call Yet will I not that any wrest my meaning neither say I that a Pynace or small Ship armed may not take a great Ship vnarmed for daily experience teacheth vs the contrary The Madera Ilands are two the greater called La madera and the other Porto Santo of great fertilitie and rich in Sugar Conserves Wine and sweet Wood whereof they take their name Other commodities they yeeld but these are the principall The chiefe Towne and Port is on the Souther side of the Madera well fortified they are subiect to the Kingdome of Portingall the Inhabitants and Garrison all Portingalles The third of Iuly we past along the Ilands of Canaria which haue the name of a Kingdome and containe these seaven Ilands Grand Canaria Tenerifa Palma Gomera Lancerota Forteventura and Fierro These Ilands haue abundance of Wine Sugar Conserues Orcall Pitch Iron and other Commodities and store of Cattell and Corne but that a certaine Worme called Gorgoshâ— breedeth in it which eateth out the substance leaving the huske in manner whole The head Iland where the Iustice which they call Audiencia is resident and whither all sutes haue their appealation and finall sentence is the Grand Canaria although the Tenerifa is held for the better and richer Iland and to haue the best Sugar and the Wine of the Palma is reputed for the best The Pitch of these Ilands melteth not with the Sunne and therefore is proper for the higher workes of Shipping Betwixt Forteventura and Lancerota is a goodly found fit for a meeting place for any Fleete Where is good Anchoring and aboundance of many sorts of Fish There is water to be had in most of these Ilands but with great vigilance For the naturalls of them are venturous and hardie and many times clime vp and downe the steepe Rockes and broken hills which seeme impossible which I would hardly haue beleeved had I not seene it and that with the greatest art and agilitie that may be Their Armes for the most part are Launces of nine or ten foote with a head of a foote and halfe long like vnto Boare-Speares saue that the head is somewhat more broad Two things are famous in these Ilands the Pike of Tenerifa which is the highest Land in my iudgement that I haue seene and men of credit haue told they haue seene it more then fortie leagues off It is like vnto a Sugar loafe and continually covered with Snow and placed in the middest of a goodly vallie most fertile and temperate round about it Out of which going vp the pike the colde is so great that it is insufferable and going downe to the Townes of the Iland the heate seemeth most extreame till they approach neere the coast The other is a Tree in the Iland Fierro which some write and affirme with the dropping of his leaues to giue water for the suâ—tenance of the whole Iland which I haue not seene although I haue beene on shoare on the Iland but those which haue seene it haue recounted this misterie differently to that which is written in this maner That this Tree is placed in the bottome of a Valley ever florishing with broad leaues and that round about it are a multitude of goodly high Pynes which over-top it and as it seemeth were planted by the divine providence to preserue it from Sunne and Wind. Out of this Valley ordinarily rise every day great vapours and exhalations which by reason that the Sunne is hindered to worke his operation with the height of the Mountaines towards the South-east convert themselues into moysture and so bedewe all the Trees of the Valley and from those which over-top this Tree drops downe the dewe vpon his leaues and so from his leaues into a round Well of Stone which the Naturals of the land haue made to receiue the water of which the people and cattle haue great releife but sometimes it raineth and then the Inhabitants doe reserue water for many dayes to come in their Cisterns and Tynaxes which is that they drinke of and wherewith they principally sustaine themselues The Citty of the Grand Canaria and chiefe Port is on the west side of the Iland the head Towne and Port of Tenerifa is towards the south part and the Port and Towne of the Palma and Gomera on the East side In Gomera some three Leagues south-ward from the Towne is a great River of water but all these Ilands are perilous to land in for the seege caused by the Ocean sea which alwayes is forcible and requireth great circumspection whosoever hath not vrgent cause is either to goe to the East-wards or to the west-wards of all these Ilands as well to avoyd the calmes which hinder sometimes eight or
as big as Wal-nuts but round and smooth and grow in great clusters the trees in forme are all one and the meate in the nut better but they haue no water Another kinde of great Cocos groweth in the Andes of Peru which haue not the delicate meate nor drinke which the others haue but within are full of Almonds which are placed as the graines in the Pomegrannet being three times bigger then those of Europe and are much like them in tast In these Ilands are Cyvet-Cats which are also found in parts of Asia and Afrique esteemed for the Civet they yeelde and carry about them in a cod in their hinder parts which is taken from them by force In them also are store of Monkies and the best proportioned that I haue seene and Parrots but of colour different to those of the west Indies for they are of a russet or gray colour and great speakers SECT XIIII WIth a faire and large winde we continued our course till we came within fiue degrees of the Equinoctiall lyne where the winde tooke vs contrary by the Southwest about the twentie of Iulie but a fayre gale of wind and a smooth Sea so that wee might beare all a taunt and to advantage our selues what wee might wee stoode to the East-wards being able to lye South-east and by South The next day about nine of the Clocke my companie being gathered together to serue God which wee accustomed to doe every morning and evening it seemed vnto me that the coulour of the Sea was different to that of the daies past and which is ordinarily where is deepe water and so calling the Captaine and Master of my Ship I told them that to my seeming the water was become very whitish and that it made shewe of Sholde water Wherevnto they made answere that all the lynes in our Shippes could not fetch ground for wee could not be lesse then threescore and tenne Leagues off the Coast which all that kept reckoning in the Ship agreed vpon and my selfe was of the same opinion And so wee applyed our selues to serue God but all the time that the service endured my heart could not be at rest and still me thought the water began to waxe whiter and whiter Our prayers ended I commanded a lead and a lyne to be brought and having the lead in foureteene fathoms wee had ground which put vs all into a maze and sending men into the toppe presently discovered the land of Guynne some fiue Leagues from vs very low Land I commanded a Peece to be shott and lay by the lee till my other Shippes came vp Which hayling vs wee demanded of them how farre they found themselues off the Land who answered some threescore and tenne or fourescore Leagues when wee told them wee had sounded and found but foureteene Fathomes and that we were in sight of Land they began to wonder But having consulted what was best to be done I caused my Shalop to be manned which I towed at the Sterne of my Ship continually and sent her and my Pynace a head to sound and followed them with an easie Sayle till we came in seaven and six fathome Water and some two Leagues from the shore anchored in hope by the Sea or by the Land to find some refreshing The Sea we found to be barren of Fish and my Boates could not discover any landing place though a whole day they had rowed alongst the Coast with great desire to set foote on shore for that the sedge was exceeding great and dangerous Which experienced wee set sayle notwithstanding the contrarietie of the winde sometimes standing to the West-wards sometime to the East-wards according to the shifting of the wind SECT XV. HEre is to be noted that the error which we fell into in our accompts was such as all men fall into where are currants that set East or West and are not knowne for that there is no certaine rule yet practised for triall of the longitude as there is of the latitude though some curious and experimented of our Nation with whom I haue had conference about this poynt haue shewed me two or three manner of wayes how to know it This some yeares before was the losse of the Edward Cotton bound for the Coast of Brasill which taken with the winde contrary neere the lyne standing to the East-wards and making accompt to be fiftie or sixtie Leagues off the Coast with all her Sayles standing came suddenly a ground vpon the sholes of Madrebombat and so was cast away though the most part of their company saved themselues vpon Raffes But with the contagion of the Countrie and bad entreatie which the Negros gaue them they died so that there returned not to their Country aboue three or â—oure of them But God Almightie dealt more mercifully with vs in shewing vs our error in the day and in time that wee might remedie it to him be evermore glory for all This currant from the line Equinoctiall to twentie degrees Northerly hath grâ—at force and setteth next of any thing East directly vpon the shore which we found by this meanes Standing to the Westwards the wind Southerly when we lay with our Ships head West and by South we gayned in our heith more then if wee had made our way good west south-west for that the currant tooke vs vnder the bow but lying west or west and by north we lost more in twelue houres then the other way we could get in foure and twentie By which plainly we saw that the currant did set East next of any thing Whether this currant runneth ever one way or doth alter and how we could by no meanes vnderstand but tract of time and observation will discover this as it hath done of many others in sundry Seas The currant that setteth betwixt New-found-land and Spaine runneth also East and West and long time deceived many and made some to count the way longer and others shorter according as the passage was speedie or slowe not knowing that the furtherance or hinderance of the currant was cause of the speeding or slowing of the way And in sea Cardes I haue seene difference of aboue thirtie Leagues betwixt the Iland Tercera and the Mayne And others haue recounted vnto me that comming from the India's and looking out for the Ilands of Azores they haue had sight of Spaine And some haue looked out for Spaine and haue discovered the Ilands The selfe same currant is in the Levant Sea but runneth trade betwixt the Maynes and changeable sometimes to the East-wards sometimes to the West-wards In Brasill and the South Sea the currant likewise is changeable but it runneth ever alongst the Coast accompanying the winde and it is an infallible rule that twelue or twentie foure houres before the Wind alters the currant begins to change In the West Indies onely the currant runneth continually one way and setteth alongst the Coast from the Equinoctiall lyne towards the North. No man hath
more good with his words and presence without striking a stroake then a great part of the Armie did with fighting to the vtmost The other proofe is that such of them as fight on horsebacke are but slightly armed for that their armour is a Beasts hide fitted to their bodie greene and after worne till it be dry and hard He that it is best armed hath him double yet any one of them with these Armes and with his Launce will fight hand to hand with any Spaniarâ— armed from head to foote And it is credibly reported that an Indian being wounded through the body by a Spaniards Launce with his owne hands hath crept on vpon the Launce and come to grapple with his adversary and both fallen to the ground together By which is seene their resolution and invincible courage and the desire they haue to maintaine their reputation and libertie SECT XLV LEaving the coast of Chily and running towards that of Peru my company required the third of the Gold we had gotten which of right belonged vnto them wherein I desired to giue them satisfaction of my iust intention but not to devide it till wee came home and so perswaded them with the best reasons I could alledging the difficultie to devide the barres and being parted how easie it was to be robbed of them and that many would play away their portions and come home as beggerly as they came out and that the shares could not be well made before our returne to England because every mans merites could not be discerned nor rewarded till the end of the Voyage In conclusion it was resolved and agreed that the things of price as Gold and Silver should be put into Chests with three keyes whereof I should haue the one the Master another and the third some other person whom they should name This they yeelded vnto with great difficultie and not without reason for the bad correspondence vsed by many Captaines and owners with their companies vpon their returne defrauding them or diminishing their rights hath hatched many iealousies and produced many disorders with the overthrow of all good discipline and government as experience teacheth for where the Souldier and Marriner is vnpaide or defrauded what service or obedience can be required at his hands The covetous Captaine or Commander looseth the loue of those vnder his charge yea though he haue all the parts besides required in a perfect Commander yet if he preferre his private profite before justice hardly will any man follow such a Leader especially in our Kingdome where more absolute authoritie and trust is committed to those who haue charge then in many other Countries And therefore in election of Chieftaines care would be had in examination of this poynt The shamefull fruites whereof found by experience of many yeares wherein I haue wandred the world I leaue to touch in particular because I will not diminish the reputation of any But this let me manifest that there haue bin and are certaine persons who before they goe to Sea either robbe part of the provisions or in the buying make penurious vnholsome and avaritious penny-worths and the last I hold to be the leaâ—t for they robbe onely the Victuallers and owners but the others steale from owners victuallers and companie and are many times the onely overthrowers of the Voyage for the company thinking themselues to be stored with foure or sixe moneths Victualls vpon survay they find their Bread Beefe or Drinke short yea perhappes all and so are forced to seeke home in time of best hopes and imployment This mischiefe is most ordinary in great actions Lastly some are so cunning that they not onely make their voyage by robbing before they goe to Sea but oâ— that also which commeth home Such gamsters a wise man of our Nation resembled to the Mill on the River of Thames for Grinding both with flood and ebbe So these at their going out and comming home will be sure to robbe all others of their shares although this be a great abuse amongst vs and but of late dayes practised and by me spoken vnto by way of animadversion either in hope of redresse or for infliction of punishment yet I would haue the world know that in other Countries the fault is farre more insufferable And the principall cause which I can finde for it is that our Country imployeth her Nobles of men of credite in all actions of moment who rather chuse to spend wealth and gaine honor then to gaine riches without reputation whereas in Spaine and other partes the advancement of poore men and meane persons by favour and interest produceth no other end but private and particular respects to enrich themselues yet the Nobilitie themselues for the most part in all occasions pretend rewards for any small service whatsoever which with vs as yet is not in vse But the greatest and most principall Robbery of all in my opinion is the defrauding or detaining of the Companies thirdes or wages accursed by the iust God who forbiddeth the hyre of the labourer to sleepe with vs. To such I speake as either abuse themselues in detayning it or else to such as force the poore man to sell it at vile and low prices and lastly to such as vpon fained cavils and sutes doe deterre the simple and ignorant sort from their due prosecutions which being too much in vse amongst vs hath bred in those that follow the Sea a iealousie in all imployments and many times causeth mutenies and infinite inconveniences A poynt deserving consideration and reformation and which with great facilitie may be remedied if vpright justice would put it selfe as stickler betwixt the owners and Company No lesse worthie of reformation are the generall abuses of Marriners and Souldiers who robbe all they can vnder the colour of Pillage and after make Ordinance Cables Sayles Anchors and all aboue Deckes to belong vnto them of right whether they goe by thirdes or wages this proceedeth from those pilfering warres wherein every Gallant that can arme out a Shippe taketh vpon him the name and office of a Captaine not knowing what to command nor what to execute Such Commanders for the most part consort and ioyne vnto themselues disorderly persons Pyrates and Ruffians vnder the title of men of valour and experience they meeting with any Prise make all vpon the Deckes theirs of dutie viz. the best peece of Ordinance for the Captaine the second for the Gunner the third for his Mate the best Cable and Anchor for the Master the Maine topsayle for the Botesman the bonnetts for the quarter Masters and the rest of the Sayles for the company The Cardes and Instruments of the Master for the Master the Surgeans Instruments and Chest for the Surgean the Carpenters Tooles and Chest for the Carpenter and so consequently of each officer that answereth the other in the two Shippes If one happen vpon a bag of Gold Silver Pearle or precious Stones it is held
found wanting the prisoners being examined was to bee made good by the Captaine and Company which tooke the shippe and this vpon great punishments I am witnes and avow that this course did redownd much to the benefitt of the generall stocke to the satisfaction of her Maiestie and Counsell the iustification of his governement and the content of his followers Thus much haue I set downe concerning these abuses and the reformation thereof for that I haue neither seene them divulged by any with whom I haue gone to Sea neither yet recorded in writing by any mans pen let consideration present them to the eares of the powerfull But now to our Voyage SECT XLVI RVnning alongst the coast till wee came within few Leagues of Arica nothing happened vnto vs of extraordinary noveltie or moment for we had the brese favourable which seldome happeneth in this Climate finding our selues in nineteene Degrees wee haled the shore close abourd purposing to see if there were any shipping in the road of Arica It standeth in a great large Bay in eighteene degrees and before you come to it a league to the southwards of the roade and Towne is a great round hill higher then the rest of the land of the Bay neere about the Towne which wee having discovered had sight presently of a small Barke close abourd the shore becalmed manning our boate wee tooke her being loaden with fish from Moormereno which is a goodly head-land very high and lyeth betwixt twenty foure and twenty fiue Degrees and whether ordinarily some barkes vse to goe a fishing every yeare In her was a Spaniard and sixe Indians The Spaniard for that hee was neere the shore swam vnto the Rockes and though wee offered to returne him his barke and fish as was our meaning yet hee refused to accept it and made vs answere that hee durst not for feare least the Iustice should punish him In so great subiection are the poore vnto those who haue the administration of Iustice in those partes and in most partes of the Kingdomes and Countries subiect to Spaine Insomuch that to heare the Iustice to enter in at their doores is to them destruction and desolation for this cause wee carried her alongst with vs. In this meane while wee had sight of another tall shippe comming out of the Sea which wee gaue chase vnto but could not fetch vpp beeing too good of sayle â—or vs. Our small prize and boate standing off vnto vs descryed another shippe which they chased and tooke also loaden with fish comming from the Ilands of Iuan Fernandes After we opened the Bay and Port of Arica but seeing it cleane without shipping wee haled the coast alongst and going aboord to viâ—it the bigger prize my company â—aluted mee with a volley of small shot Amongst them one Musket brake and carryed away the hand of him that shot it through his owne default which for that I haue seene to happen many times I thinke it necessary to note in this place that others may take warning by his harme The cause of the Muskets breaking was the charging with two bullets the powder being ordayned to carry but the waight of one and the Musket not to suffer two charges of powder or shott By this over-sight the fire is restrayned with the overplus of the waight of shott and not being able to force both of them out breaketh all to peeces so to find a way to its owne center And I am of opinion that it is a great errour to proue great Ordinance or small shot with double charges of powder or shot my reason is for that ordinarily the mettall is proportioned to the waight of the shot which the Peece is to beare and the powder correspondent to the waight of the bullet and this being graunted I see no reason why any man should require to proue his peece with more then is belonging to it of right for I haue seene many goodly peeces broken with such tryals being cleane without hony combes cracke flawe or other perceavable blemish which no doubt with their ordinary allowance would haue served many yeares Yea I haue beene certified by men of credit that some Gunners haue taken a glory for breaking many peeces in the tryall which is easie to be done by sundry slights and meanes not fitt to bee published much lesse to bee exercised being preiudiciall to the seller and chargeable to the Conscience of the practiser therefore it were good this excessiue tryall by double charges were cleane abolished If I shoulde make choyce for my selfe I would not willingly that any peece should come into Fort or Shippe vnder my charge which had borne at any time more then his ordinary allowance misdoubting least through the violence of the double charge the Peece may bee crased within or so forced as at another occasion with his ordinary allowance he might breake in peeces how many men so many mindes for to others this may â—eeme harsh for that the contrary custome hath so long time beene received and therefore I submit to better experience and contradict not but that in a demy Culvering a man may put two Saker or Minion shots or many of smaller waight and so in a Muskett two Calever shott or many smaller so they exceede not the ordinary waight prescribed by proportion Arte and experience These experiments I hold convenient vpon many occasions yea and most necessary but the vaine custome of double charges to cause their peeces thereby to giue a better report I affirme can produce no other effect but danger losse and harme SECT XLVII HAving visited our prises and finding in them nothing but fish we tooke a small portion for our victualing and gaue the bigger shippe to the Spaniards againe and the lesser wee kept with purpose to make her our Pinnas The Indians which wee tooke in her would by no meanes depart from vs but desired to goe with vs for England saying that the Indian and English were brothers and in all places where wee came they shewed themselues much affectionated vnto vs these were Natiues of Moremoreno and the most brutish of all that ever I had seene and except it were in forme of men and speech they seemed altogether voyde of that which appertained to reasonable men They were expert swimmers but after the manner of Spaniels they diue and abide vnder water a long time and swallow the water of the Sea as if it were of a fresh River except a man see them he would hardly beleeue how they continue in the Sea as if they were Mermaides and the water their naturall Element Their Countrey is most barren and poore of foode If they take a fish aliue out of the Sea or meete with a peece of salted fish they will devoure it without any dressing as savourely as if it had beene most curiously sodden or dressed all which makes me beleeue that they sustaine themselues of that which they catch in the Sea The Spaniards
necessary for our provision and fired her Thwart of Truxille wee set the companie of her a shoare with the Pilot which wee had taken in Balparizo reserving the Pilot of the burnt shippe and a Greeke who chose rather to continue with vs then to hazard their liues in going a shore for that they had departed out of the Port of Santa which is in eight Degrees being required by the iustice not to weigh anchor before the Coast was knowne to be 〈◊〉 It is a thing worthy to be noted and almost incredible with how few men they vse to sayle a shippe in the south Sea for in this prise which was aboue an hundred Tuns were but eight persons and in a shippe of three hundreth Tuns they vse not to put aboue foureteene or fifteene persons yea I haue beene credibly enformed that with foureteene persons a shippe of fiue hundreth Tuns hath beene carried from Guayaquil to Lyma deepe loaden which is aboue two hundreth Leagues and are forced ever to gaine their Voyage by turning to wind-wards which is the greatest toyle and labour that tâ—e Marriners haue and slow sometimes in this voyage foure or fiue moneths which is generall in all the navigations of this coast But the security from stormes and certainty of the Brese with the desire to make their gaine the greater is the cause that every man forceth himselfe to the vttermost to doe the labour of two men SECT L. IN the height of this Port of Santa some seaven hundreth and fiftie leagues to the west-wards lie the Ilands of Salomon of late yeares discovered At my being in Lyma a Fleete of foure sayle was sent from thence to people them which through the emulation and discord that arose amongst them being landed and setled in the Countrey was vtterly overthrowne onely one shippe with some few of the people after much misery got to the Philippines This I came to the knowledge of by a large relation written from a person of credit and sent from the Philippines to Panama I saw it at my being there in my voyage towards Spaine Having edged neere the coast to put the Spaniards on shore a thicke fogge tooke vs so that wee could not see the Land but recovering our Pinnace and Boate wee sayled on our course till we came thwart of the Port called Malabrigo It lieth in seaven Degrees In all this coast the currant runneth with great force but never keepeth any certaine course saving that it runneth alongst the coast sometimes to the South-wards sometimes to the North-wards which now running to the North-wards forced vs so farre into the Bay which a point of the land causeth that they call Punta de Augussa as thinking to cleere our selues by roving North-west wee could not double this point making our way North North-west Therefore speciall care is ever to bee had of the current and doubtlesse if the providence of Almighty God had not freede vs wee had runne ashore vpon the Land without seeing or suspecting any such danger His name bee ever exalted and magnified for delivering vs from the vnknowne daunger by calming the winde all night the Sunnes rising manifested vnto vs our errour and peril by discovering vnto vs the Land within 2 leagues right a head The current had caried vs without any wind at the least 4. leagues which seene and the winde beginning to blow wee brought our tackes abourd and in short time cleared our selues Thwart of this point of Augussa lie two desert Ilandes they call them Illas de Lobos for the the multitude of Seales which accustome to haunt the shore In the bigger is very good harbour and secure they lie in sixe Degrees and thirtie minutes The next day after wee lost sight of those Ilands being thwarâ— of Payta which lyeth in fiue Degrees and having manned our Pinnace and Boate to search the Port wee had sight of a tall shippe which having knowledge of our being on the Coast and thinking her selfe to be more safe at Sea then in the harbour put her selfe then vnder sayle to her wee gaue chase all that night and the next day but in fine being better of sayle then wee shee freed her selfe Thus being too lee-ward of the Harbour and discovered we continued our course alongst the shore That Evening wee were thwart of the River of Guayaquill which hath in the mouth of it two Ilands the Souther-most and biggest called Puma in three Degrees and the other to the North-wards Santa clara Pâ—ma is inhabited and is the place where they build their principall shipping from-his River Lima and all the valleys are furnished with Timber for they haue none but that which is brought from hence or from the kingdome of Chile By this River passeth the principall trade of the Kingdome of Quito it is Navigable some leagues into the Land and hath great abundance of Timber Those of the Peru vse to ground and trim their shippes in Puma or in Panama and in all other partes they are forced to carene their shippes In Puma it higheth and falleth fifteene or sixteene foote water and from this Iland till a man come to Panama in all the coast it ebbeth and floweth more or lesse keeping the ordinarie course which the Tides doe in all Seas The water of this River by experience is medicinable for all aches of the bones for the stone and strangurie the reason which is given is because all the bankes and low land adioyning to this River are replenished with Salsaperillia which lying for the most part soaking in the water it participateth of this vertue and giveth it this force In this River and all the Rivers of this coast are great abundance of Alagartoes and it is sayd that this exceedeth the rest for persons of credit haue certified mee that as small fishes in other Rivers abound in scoales so the Alagartoes in this they doe much hurt to the Indians and Spaniards and are dreadfull to all whom they catch within their clutches SECT LI. SOme fiue or sixe Leagues to the North-wards of Puma is la Punta de Santa Elena vnder which is good anchoring cleane ground and reasonable succour Being thwart of this point wee had sight of a shippe which we chased but being of better saile then we and the night comming on we lost sight of her and so anchored vnder the Isla de plata to recover our Pinnace and Boate which had gone about the other point of the Iland which lyeth in two Degrees and fortie minutes The next day we past in sight of Puerto Viejo in two degrees ten minutes which lying without shipping wee directed our course for Cape Passaos It lyeth directly vnder the Equinoctiall line some fourescore leagues to the west-wards of this Cape lyeth a heape of Ilands the Spaniards call Illas de los Galapagos They are desert and beare no fruite from Cape Passaos wee directed our course to Cape Saint Francisco which lyeth in one degree to the
resistance but the bones the blade the Cristall being of substance more solide maketh greater resistance and so the fire with the more fury worketh the more his execution in its obiects As was seene in the Spanish Admirall or Captaine after my imprisonment crossing from Panama to Cape San Francisco a Rayo for so the Spaniards call a thundâ—rclappe brake ouer our shippe killed one in the fore-toppe astoniâ—hed either two or three in the shroudes and split the Mast in strange manner where it entred it could hardly be descerned but where it came forth it draue out a great splinter before it and the man slaine was cleane in a manner without signe or token of hurt although all his bones turned to powder and those who liued and recouered had all their bodies blacke as burnt with fire which plainly declareth and confirmeth that aboue said and may serue to iudge in such occasions of persons hurt with thunder for if they complaine of their bones and haue little signe of the fire their hazard of death is the greater then when the fire hath left greater impressions outward The fire out of a cloude worketh like effect only where it leveleth directly as experience daily teacheth killing those who are opposite hurting those who are neere And only terrifying those who are further distant In like manner the peece of Ordinance hurteth not those which stand aside nor those which stand a slope from his mouth but those alone which stand directly against the true point of his levell though sometimes the winde of the shott ouerthroweth one and the splinâ—ers being accidents mayne and hurt others But principally where the peece doth resemble the thunderclappe as when the shippes are bourded For then although the Artillery be discharged without shott the fury of the fire and his piercing nature is such as it entreth by the seames and all parts of the ships sides and meeting with so fit matter as Pitch Tarre Ocombe and sometimes with powder presently conuerteth all into flames For auoyding whereof as also the danger and damage which may come by pikes and other inventions of fire and if any shippe be oppressed with many shippes at once and subiect by them to be bourded I hold it a good course to strike his fire and mayne yards close to his decke and to fight with sprit-saile and myson and top-sayles loose so shall he be able to hinder them from oppressing him Some haue thought it a good pollicy to launce out some ends of Mastes or yards by the ports or other parts but this is to be vsed in the greater shippes for in the lesser though they be neuer so strong the waight of the bigger will beate out the opposite sides and doe hurt and make great spoyle in the lesser And in bourding ordinarily the lesser shippe hath all the harme which the one shippe can doe vnto the other Here is offered to speake of a point much canvassed amongst Carpenters and Sea Captaines diversly maintained but yet vndetermined that is whether the race or loftie built shippe bee best for the Merchant and those which imploy themselues in trading I am of opinion that the race shippe is most conuenient yet so as that every perfect shippe ought to haue two deckes for the better strengthening of her the better succouring of her people the better preseruing of her Merchandize and victuall and for her greater safetie from sea and stormes But for the Princes shippes and such as are imployed continually in the warres to be built loftie I hold very necessary for many reasons First for Maiestie and terrour of the enemy secondly for harbouring of many men thirdly for accommodating more men to fight fourthly for placing and vsing more Artillery fiftly for better strengthening and securing of the shippe sixtly for ouertopping and subiecting the enemy seuenthly for greater safegard and defence of the ship and company For it is plaine that the ship with three deckes or with two and a halfe shewes more pomp then another of her burthen with a decke and halfe or two deckes and breedeth greater terror to the enemy discouering her selfe to be a more powerfull ship as she is then the other which being indeed a ship of force seemeth to be but a Barke and with her low building hideth her burthen And who doubteth that a decke and a halfe cannot harbour that proportion of men that two deckes and two deckes and a halfe can accommodate to fight Nor carry the Artillery so plentifully nor so commodiously Neither can the ship be so strong with a decke and a halfe as with two deckes nor with two as with three nor carry her Mastes so taunt nor spread so great a clue nor contriue so many fightes to answer one another for defence and offence And the aduantage the one hath of the other experience daily teacheth In the great expedition of eightie eight did not the Elizabeth Ionas the Triumph and the Beare shew greater maiestie then the Arke Royall and the Victorie being of equall burthens did they not cause greater regard in the enemy did they not harbour and accommodate more then men and much better did they not beare more Artillery And if they had come to boord with the Spanish high-charged ships it is not to be doubted but they would haue mustred themselues better then those which could not with their prowesse nor props haue reached to their wastes The strength of the one cannot be compared with the strength of the other but in bourding it goeth not so much in the strength as in weight and greatnesse For the greater ship that bourdeth with the lesser with her Mastes her Yards her Tacklings her Anchors her Ordinance and with her sides bruseth and beateth the lesser to peeces although the lesser be farre stronger according to proportion The Fore-sight of his Maiesties and the Daintie were shippes in their proportions farre more stronger then the Carake which was taken by them and their consorts Anno 92. For she had in a manner no strong building nor binding and the others were strengthened and bound as art was able to affoord and yet both bourding with her were so brused broken and badly handâ—ed as they had like to haue sunke by her side though bourding with aduantage to weather-wards of her But what would haue become of them if she should haue had the wind of them and haue come aboord to windward of them In small time no doubt she would haue beaten them vnder water An. 90. in the fleet vnder the charge of Sr Iohn Hawkins my father coÌ„ming from the South-wards the Hope of his Maiesties gaue chase to a French ship thinking her to be a Spaniard She thought to haue freed her selfe by her sailing and so would not auaile but endured the shooting of many peeces and forced the Hope to lay her abourd of which issued that mischiefe which before I spake off For in a moment the French ship had all her Mastes Yards
courage a man Armed giueth a greater and a waightier blow then a man vnarmed he standeth faster and with greater difficultie is to be overthrowne And I neuer read but that the glistering of the Armour hath beene by Authors obserued for that as I imagine his show breedeth terror in his contraries and despayre to himselfe if he be vnarmed And therefore in time of warre such as devote themselues to follow the profession of Armes by Sea or by Land ought to covet nothing more then to be well Armed for as much as it is the second meanes next Gods protection for preseruing and prolonging many mens liues Wherein the Spanish nation deserveth commendation aboue others euery one from the highest to the lowest putting their greatest care in providing faire and good Armes He which cannot come to the price of a Corslet will haue a coate of Mayle a Iackett at least a Buffe-jerkin or a privie Coate And hardly will they be found without it albeit they liue and serue for the most part in extreame hott Countries Whereas I haue knowne many bred in cold Countries in a moment complaine of the waight of their Armes that they smoother them and then cast them off chusing rather to be shott through with a Bullet or lanched through with a Pike or thrust through with a Sword then to endure a little travaile and suffering But let me giue these lazie ones this lesson that he that will goe a warrefare must resolue himselfe to fight and he that putteth on this resolution must be contented to endure both heate and waight first for the safegard of his life and next for subduing of his enemie both which are hazarded and put into great danger if he fight vnarmed with an enemy armed Now for mine owne opinion I am resolved that Armour is more necessary by Sea then by Land yea rather to be excused on the shore then in the Shippe My reason is for that on the shore the Bullet onely hurteth but in the Shippe I haue seene the â—plinters kill and hurt many at once and yet the shorâ— to haue passed without touching any person As in the Galeon in which I came out of the Indies in Anno 1597. in the rode of Tercera when the Queenes Maiesties Shippes vnder the charge of the Earle of Essex chased vs into the rode with the splinters of one shott were slaine maymed and sore hurt at the least a dozen persons the most part whereof had beene excused if they had beene Armed And doubtlesse if these errours had beene foreseene and remedied by vs many of those who were slaine and hurt had beene on foote and we inabled to haue sustained and maintained the fight much better and longer and perhaps at last had freed our selues For if our enemy had come to bourd with vs our close fights were such as we were secure and they open vnto vs. And what with our Cubridge heads one answering the other our hatches vpon bolts our brackes in our Deckes and Gunner roome it was impossible to take vs as long as any competent number of men had remained twentie persons would haue sufficed for defence and for this such Shippes are called Impregnable and are not to be taken but by surrender not to be overcome but with bourding or sinking as in vs by experience was verified and not in vs alone but in the Revenge of the Queenes Maiestie which being compassed round about with all the Armado of Spaine and bourded sundry times by many at once is said to haue sunke three of the Armado by her side And in this conflict having lost all her Mastes and being no other then a logge in the Sea could not bee taken with all their force and pollicie till shee surrendred her selfe by an honourable composition By these presidents let Governours by Sea take speciall care aboue all to preserue their people in imitation of the French who carrie many Souldiers in their shippes of Warre and secure them in their holdes till they come to entring and to proue their forces by the dint of Sword But here the discreete Commaunders are to put difference betwixt those which defend and those which are to offend and betwixt those which assault and those which are assaulted For as I haue sayd no governement whatsoever better requireth a perfect and experimented Commaunder then that of the Sea And so no greater errour can bee committed then to commend such charges to men vnexperimented in this profession A third and last cause of the losse of sundry of our men most worthy of note for all Captaines owners and Carpenters was the race building of our shippe the onely fault shee had and now a dayes held for a principall grace in any shippe but by the experience which I haue had it seemeth for sundry reasons verie preiudiciall for shippes of Warre For in such those which tackle the sayles of force must bee vpon the deckes and are open without shelter or any defence yet here it will be obiected That for this inconvenience wast clothes are provided and for want of them it is vsuall to lace a bonnet or some such shadow for the men worthily may it bee called a shadow and one of the most pernitious customes that can be vsed for this shadow or defence being but of linnen or wollen cloth emboldeneth many who without it would retire to better securitie whereas now thinking themselues vnseene they become more bould then otherwise they would and thereby shot through when they least thinke of it Some Captaines observing this errour haue sought to remedie it in some of his Maiesties shippes not by altering the building but by devising a certaine defence made of foure or fiue inch planckes of fiue foote high and sixe foote broad running vpon wheeles and placed in such partes of the shippe as are most open These they name blenders and made of Elme for the most part for that it shivers not with a shot as Oake and other Timber will doe which are now in vse and service but best it is when the whole side hath one blender and one armour of proofe for defence of those which of force must labour and be a lost This race building first came in by overmuch homing in of our shippes and received for good vnder colour of making our ships thereby the better sea-shippes and of better advantage to hull and trye but in my iudgement it breedeth many inconveniences and is farre from working the effect they pretend by disinabling them for bearing their cage worke correspondent to the proportion and mould of the shippe making them tender sided and vnable to carry sayle in any fresh gaile of winde and diminishing the play of their Artillery and the place for accommodating their people to fight labor or rest And I am none of those who hold opinion that the over-much homing in the more the better is commodious and easier for the shippe and this out of
Complaints of master Thomas Candish Folio 14 Of master George Raymond ibid Company sicke 38. dismayed Folio 84 Losse of the Edward Cotton Folio 33. Clothes made in Coquimbo Folio 107 Crabby Cove Folio 84 Care of Currants Folio 33 D DEparture from Lyma Folio 103 Devises in sudden accidents Folio 76. Directions to be secret Folio 130 Discipline of the Spanish Folio 67 Cause of their prosperities ibid Discipline neglected by the English Folio 8 Pried into by the Spaniards Folio 134 And by them imitated ibid Vse of Discoueries Folio 1 Discouery on the coast to be avoyded Folio 100 The Dolphin Folio 42 Sir Francis Drake vpon the sothermost part of the world Folio 9â— Providence of the Dutch â—7 Ducks Folio 74 E ELizabeths Bay  Disvse of Engines of Antiquitie Folio 143 The English carry vp their flag Folio 20 English Authours of Sea Disâ—ipline Folio 8 Carelesnesse of the English Folio 127 Exchange of trifles Folio 98 Of sheepe ibid Exercise alwayes necessary Folio 26 F Ed Fenton Folio 85 Iuan Fernandes Folio 100 Danger of Fier 39. By heating of Pitch ibid. By taking Tobacco ibid. By Candle light ibid. By hooping and scutling Folio 40 By nature of waters ibid Strange tree in Fiero Folio 25 Beginning of the Spanish Fight 126. Their intertainment Folio 122 The English 75. The Spanish 130 ibid. pay deere for their rashnes 135. Take a new resolution Folio 1â—6 Flying fishes Folio 44 French and English salute Folio 20 French surprised Folio 57 To know wholsome fruits Folio 55 Fuego Folio 29 End of Fugitiues Folio 135 G GAnnetts Folio 54 God propitions Folio 84 Therefore praised ibid One Shippe and some Gold taken Folio 101 Euery shower a shower of Gold ibid. S R Greenfild at Flores Folio 10 Guls. Folio 73 Deceit of the Gunner Folio 127 H MAster Thomas Hampton Folio 20 Annoyances in Harbours Folio 51 Vse of Havas purgativas Folio 55 Master Wil Hawkins Folio 86 Hawkins Mayden-â—and Folio 70 Helm-man Folio 54 I SAint Iago 29. sacked ibid S. Iames Ilands Folio 54 The Iesus of Lubeck Folio 3 Ienero Folio 77.59 Vnwholsome Ilands 27 Their heat ibid. The breze ibid. The best remedie Folio 28 Inconvenience of Imprests Folio 15 Their true vse Folio 16 Indians howsing 63. and manner of sleeping ibid Indians apparrell Folio 98 Indians poligamy Folio 63 Indians trechery Folio 97 Indians foresight Folio 81 Indians industry 57. dismissed 123. led by a Mulato Folio 124 Consequence of Instructions Folio 17 Isla Graund Folio 60 Planting of Iuca Folio 62 By women ibid L VNknowne Land Folio 69 Care of approch ibid New devise for stopping Leakes without Bourd Folio 104 Best time to paâ—se the Lyne Folio 48 M Madera Folio 24 Who to be accounted a Mariner Folio 128 His knowledge ibid. and materials ibid. for navigation ibid The Mariners revenge Folio 43 Wilfulnesse of Mariners Folio 100 S. Maries Folio 100 Care of the Master Folio 53 Vnskilfulnesse of the Masters Mate Folio 52 Fittest places of meeting Folio 17 Mocha Folio 96 Monkies Parrots Folio 31 Influence of the Moone Folio 28 Mutinies how to be winked at Folio 94 Vnadvisednesse of the multitude Folio 126 O OBiections resolved Folio 141 Office of a Master Folio 129 Of a Pilot. ibid Of the Boteswaine ibid Of the Steward ibid Of the Carpenter ibid Of the Gunner Folio 130 Lawes of Oloron Folio 111 Vertue of Oranges Folio 52 Beds of Oreweed Folio 70 P MOdestie of Sir Hen Palmer Folio 8 Patience of the Earle of Nottingham Folio 93 Parts requisite in a Comâ—â—nder at Sea Folio 8 The Palmito Folio 29.55 Palmito Iland Folio 59 Pearles Folio 88 Iland of Pengwins Folio 72 Described ibid Hunting of Pengwins Folio 73 Kept for store ibid Care of the Pentagones Folio 63 King Philips comming into England Folio 21 Pilats Fishes Folio 44 Challenging of pillage Folio 110 Prevention of vndue pillage Folio 113 What to be reputed pillage Folio 112 Placentia Folio 30 The Plaintaiâ— Folio 30 Dutie of Pynaces Folio 24 Pynace lost Folio 13 Porke good foure yeare old Folio 96 Danger of open Ports Folio 5 Providence of God Folio 53 Corrupt or scantie ProvisioÌ„s Folio 109 Provisions better provided at Pliâ—â—â—outh Folio 5 Puerto Viejo Folio 122 Puma Folio 121 Purgatiues Folio 5â— Purflain Folio 55 Q. BAy of Quintera Folio 105 R. PRevention of Ratts Folio 89 Calamities they bring ibid Long Reach Folio 81 The Repentance Folio 3 Reasons of returne dangerous Folio 87 The Revenge Folio 2 Spare Râ—dders Folio 105 Runnawayes Folio 68 S SAbboth reserved for holy exercises Folio 27 Sailes of Cotton cloth Folio 102 Ilands of Salomon Folio 1â—0 Arrivall at Santos Folio 49 Forbidden to trade Folio 50 Pedro Sarmiento Folio 71 The Scurvy 35. The signes ibid The causes ibid Seething Meat in Salt water Folio 36 Corruption of Victuall ibid Vapours of the Sea ibid The remedies By Dyet ibid By Shift ibid By labour ibid By early eating and drinking ibid. By sower Oranges and Lemmons ibid By Doctor Stevens water ibid By oyle of â—itry ibid By ayre of the Land ibid Abuses of Sea-faring men Folio 14 Seales Folio 75 Setting the Ship vpon a Rocke 83. diligence to free it ibid Shething of Ships Folio 78 In Spaine and Portingall Folio 79 With double Plankes ibid. With Canvas ibidem With burnt Planks ibid With Varnish in Chiâ—â— ibid In England Folio 80 Best manner of Shething Folio 80 The Sharke Folio 43 What requisit in Shipping Folio 2 The honour of his Maiesties Ships Folio 20 Ships of trade Folio 138 The Prince his Ships ibid All Ships of warre are not to be low built Folio 139 Foure Ships taken Folio 10â— Dutie of a small Ship against a greater Folio 141 Shooting at Sea 19. Mischances therevpon ensuing ibid Sloth cause of fancies Folio 82 Care of sounding Folio 32 Spanish discipline Folio 132.133.134 Spanish officers Folio 134 Spanish Admirall commeth to Leeward Folio 131 Spaniards parley Folio 134 Inexperience of the Spaniards Folio 126. Weaknesse of the Spaniards Folio 9 Vain-glory of the Spaniards Folio 142 Severitie of Spaine Folio 144 Care of Steerage Folio 53 Exquisite in the Spaniards and Portingals ibid The Straights Folio 70 Second peopling of the Straights Folio 76. South part of the Straights Ilands Folio 95 Effects of courage in Stormes Folio 10 A cruell Storme Folio 99 Birds like Swans 68. how caught good refreshment Folio 69 Swearing remedied Folio 41 T DEscription of Tenerif Folio 25 The Thunderbolt of London Folio 3. Tobias Cove Folio 83 Concealement hindereth Trading Folio 113 Point Tremontame Folio 70 Entertainment of Time Folio 88 V CAptaine Vavisor Folio 10 Importance of a small Vessell Folio 100. Place of Vice-admirall Folio 9 Considerations for Voyages Folio 4 Voyages overthrowne by pretences Folio 95 Overthrow of the Voyage Folio 66 The cause ibid Infidelitie ibid W ORder of the Flemish Wafters Folio 8. Deteyning of Wages Folio 110 Warehouses sacked Folio 101 Obiection of wast Folio 78 answered ibid