suit_v about_o the_o public_a revenue_n and_o receipt_n of_o custom_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o governor_n general_n they_o determine_v all_o cause_n concern_v prisoner_n of_o war_n touch_v plunder_n and_o booty_n etc._n etc._n here_o follow_v the_o method_n they_o use_v in_o all_o their_o affair_n 1._o they_o do_v the_o business_n that_o concern_v the_o whole_a province_n 2._o those_o affair_n that_o regard_v town_n and_o corporation_n last_o of_o all_o they_o decide_v the_o controversy_n between_o private_a person_n the_o counsellor_n of_o the_o admiralty_n who_o be_v six_o in_o number_n aught_o to_o be_v very_o careful_a and_o to_o act_v conjoint_o with_o the_o admiral_n the_o state_n and_o their_o deputy_n to_o have_v always_o a_o convenient_a fleet_n ready_a to_o secure_v the_o sea_n from_o pirate_n and_o that_o all_o merchant_n and_o passenger_n pass_v to_o and_o fro_o upon_o river_n and_o channel_n be_v due_o provide_v of_o passport_n they_o be_v also_o to_o find_v out_o the_o able_a pilot_n and_o stout_a captain_n and_o when_o they_o have_v swear_v they_o give_v they_o their_o order_n they_o be_v sovereign_a judge_n of_o all_o abuse_n and_o fraud_n commit_v in_o falsify_v and_o counterfeit_v passport_n as_o also_o of_o all_o quarrel_n and_o suit_n between_o seaman_n and_o soldier_n aboard_o the_o ship_n in_o a_o word_n they_o have_v all_o the_o power_n that_o admiral_n do_v enjoy_v in_o england_n france_n or_o any_o other_o country_n i_o have_v not_o time_n to_o show_v here_o by_o what_o agent_n and_o officer_n the_o state_n do_v administer_v justice_n to_o their_o subject_n keep_v account_n of_o their_o treasure_n give_v live_n and_o fee_n to_o be_v hold_v from_o they_o and_o many_o other_o thing_n which_o will_v require_v a_o great_a volume_n it_o remain_v to_o satisfy_v some_o politician_n curiosity_n who_o will_v know_v it_o may_v be_v whether_o our_o state_n be_v monarchy_n aristocracy_n or_o democracie_n or_o of_o which_o of_o these_o it_o participate_v most_o to_o which_o i_o answer_v that_o i_o think_v the_o government_n of_o holland_n to_o be_v a_o fit_a mixture_n of_o they_o all_o in_o the_o person_n of_o the_o governor_n general_n who_o command_v the_o army_n both_o at_o land_n and_o sea_n with_o a_o absolute_a authority_n be_v see_v monarchy_n the_o state_n represent_v aristocracy_n and_o democracie_n be_v see_v in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o city_n and_o town_n for_o nothing_o be_v do_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o mean_a inhabitant_n chap._n xxiv_o the_o proclamation_n of_o the_o state_n of_o holland_n and_o west-frieze_n touch_v the_o ancient_a right_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o holland_n the_o knight_n nobles_z and_o town_n of_o holland_n and_o west-frieze_n represent_v the_o state_n of_o the_o say_a province_n after_o a_o mature_a deliberation_n and_o communication_n of_o the_o business_n with_o the_o noble_n and_o senate_n of_o town_n and_o careful_o weigh_v their_o advice_n and_o answer_n have_v in_o discharge_n of_o their_o oath_n and_o duty_n think_v fit_a to_o publish_v and_o make_v know_v to_o all_o the_o world_n by_o a_o public_a edict_n the_o state_n of_o government_n of_o the_o say_a province_n be_v persuade_v that_o all_o reader_n will_v be_v incline_v to_o pity_n and_o favour_v the_o deplorable_a estate_n of_o our_o country_n it_o be_v most_o certain_a for_o that_o in_o past_a age_n for_o the_o time_n of_o 800._o year_n the_o sovereign_a administration_n of_o the_o province_n of_o holland_n west-frieze_n or_o zeeland_n be_v commit_v to_o the_o care_n of_o earl_n or_o countess_n who_o have_v receive_v this_o power_n from_o the_o state_n and_o that_o upon_o certain_a condition_n these_o earl_n do_v govern_v with_o so_o much_o moderation_n and_o prudence_n that_o they_o do_v never_o undertake_v either_o to_o declare_v war_n or_o make_v peace_n or_o lie_v impost_n or_o tax_n without_o ask_v the_o advice_n and_o consent_n of_o the_o noble_n and_o of_o the_o magistrate_n of_o town_n though_o they_o have_v their_o own_o privy_a councillor_n man_n of_o great_a capacity_n and_o ability_n but_o they_o do_v much_o yield_v to_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o state_n for_o any_o business_n that_o concern_v these_o nation_n this_o government_n thus_o found_v upon_o equity_n and_o justice_n can_v not_o choose_v but_o attract_v the_o blessing_n of_o heaven_n upon_o its_o lord_n and_o indeed_o it_o do_v for_o no_o prince_n ever_o perform_v more_o glorious_a action_n or_o receive_v more_o demonstration_n of_o honour_n from_o their_o neighbour_n than_o they_o william_n the_o second_o earl_n of_o holland_n be_v choose_v emperor_n in_o the_o year_n 1247._o and_o that_o which_o be_v yet_o a_o addition_n of_o glory_n for_o these_o prince_n be_v that_o they_o have_v maintain_v many_o bloody_a war_n obtain_v many_o famous_a victory_n and_o always_o so_o defend_v the_o very_a border_n of_o their_o state_n that_o their_o enemy_n have_v not_o be_v able_a to_o get_v any_o ground_n upon_o they_o we_o may_v also_o protest_v with_o truth_n that_o in_o the_o space_n of_o 800._o year_n holland_n and_o zeeland_n be_v never_o conquer_v nor_o subject_v by_o any_o stranger_n whatsoever_o neither_o do_v they_o pass_v under_o the_o power_n of_o any_o foreign_a prince_n which_o be_v a_o advantage_n that_o we_o believe_v no_o state_n in_o europe_n except_o it_o be_v the_o republic_n of_o venice_n can_v brag_v of_o we_o do_v ingenious_o confess_v that_o the_o firm_a constitution_n of_o this_o our_o government_n do_v consist_v in_o the_o union_n and_o good_a intelligence_n which_o be_v between_o the_o state_n and_o the_o prince_n for_o the_o power_n of_o these_o earl_n be_v very_o inconsiderable_a without_o the_o help_n of_o the_o state_n they_o have_v nothing_o but_o their_o own_o demean_v or_o revenue_n to_o live_v upon_o and_o uphold_v the_o splendour_n of_o their_o court_n we_o have_v also_o observe_v by_o what_o mean_n and_o authority_n they_o have_v often_o make_v their_o court_n remember_v that_o duty_n which_o some_o evil_a counsellor_n have_v persuade_v they_o to_o forget_v and_o that_o not_o only_o by_o remonstrance_n and_o petition_n but_o often_o by_o chastize_v and_o personal_o punish_v those_o who_o wicked_o abuse_v the_o prince_n authority_n do_v lead_v they_o so_o much_o out_o of_o the_o way_n of_o justice_n and_o moderation_n we_o find_v likewise_o in_o our_o history_n that_o the_o state_n have_v choose_v guardian_n for_o their_o prince_n under_o age_n and_o that_o william_n the_o five_o be_v run_v mad_a they_o create_v a_o lieutenant-governour_n in_o his_o room_n in_o a_o word_n it_o be_v a_o thing_n question_v by_o no_o body_n that_o the_o sovereign_a power_n be_v always_o in_o the_o state_n whensoever_o their_o prince_n come_v to_o die_v or_o be_v otherwise_o disable_v from_o perform_v the_o function_n of_o their_o charge_n and_o in_o those_o case_n they_o do_v appoint_v a_o governor_n who_o they_o call_v guardian_n or_o ruwarde_n under_o the_o domination_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n this_o right_n be_v also_o maintain_v for_o a_o little_a after_o the_o death_n of_o charles_n their_o duke_n and_o his_o daughter_n the_o duchess_n mary_n maximilian_n of_o austria_n have_v undertake_v to_o introduce_v some_o novelty_n and_o oppress_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o state_n be_v so_o oppose_v that_o have_v he_o continue_v he_o have_v without_o doubt_n undo_v himself_o the_o emperor_n charles_n be_v yet_o minor_a receive_v guardian_n and_o the_o province_n receive_v governor_n from_o the_o say_a state_n and_o though_o their_o liberty_n have_v suffer_v some_o diminution_n under_o the_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n yet_o do_v the_o say_a emperor_n always_o respect_v and_o honour_v they_o as_o be_v persuade_v that_o without_o their_o assistance_n his_o power_n can_v not_o stand_v upon_o this_o subject_a he_o give_v many_o grave_a admonition_n to_o his_o son_n wish_v he_o to_o govern_v with_o all_o moderation_n and_o not_o by_o any_o mean_n to_o exasperate_v that_o power_n who_o consent_n he_o must_v have_v to_o enjoy_v his_o prerogative_n and_o indeed_o he_o now_o know_v to_o his_o own_o and_o these_o province_n great_a cost_n the_o truth_n of_o what_o his_o father_n do_v foretell_v for_o there_o can_v be_v no_o other_o cause_n allege_v of_o the_o trouble_n and_o revolution_n of_o the_o low-countries_n than_o his_o go_v about_o to_o infringe_v their_o privilege_n and_o fasten_v the_o yoke_n of_o servitude_n about_o their_o neck_n though_o these_o thing_n be_v as_o clear_a as_o day_n yet_o we_o have_v think_v it_o necessary_a to_o publish_v they_o to_o the_o world_n because_o that_o many_o be_v yet_o in_o suspense_n and_o ill-informed_a do_v think_v that_o the_o state_n be_v only_o a_o tumultuous_a assembly_n of_o some_o deputy_n who_o be_v man_n concern_v in_o the_o quarrel_n do_v carry_v on_o thing_n more_o according_a to_o their_o own_o end_n than_o
so_o much_o their_o own_o advantage_n the_o soldier_n of_o this_o company_n and_o officer_n be_v swear_v not_o only_o to_o the_o curatour_n but_o also_o to_o the_o state_n general_n and_o to_o the_o general_n of_o the_o army_n because_o it_o be_v not_o safe_a that_o private_a man_n shall_v have_v a_o army_n at_o their_o command_n these_o two_o company_n have_v the_o privilege_n of_o trading_n alone_o into_o both_o the_o indies_n not_o for_o ever_o but_o for_o twenty_o or_o thirty_o year_n more_o or_o less_o and_o it_o be_v wise_o order_v so_o for_o two_o reason_n first_o because_o it_o may_v be_v the_o necessity_n of_o affair_n may_v have_v be_v such_o as_o to_o have_v oblige_v the_o state_n to_o make_v peace_n or_o truce_n with_o the_o spaniard_n which_o it_o may_v be_v will_v not_o have_v be_v obtain_v without_o relinquish_a the_o trade_n to_o the_o indies_n which_o they_o can_v not_o do_v have_v they_o grant_v a_o perpetual_a privilege_n to_o these_o company_n second_o that_o whensoever_o they_o demand_v the_o renew_n of_o their_o privilege_n the_o commonwealth_n may_v take_v occasion_n to_o demand_v a_o round_a sum_n of_o money_n in_o acknowledgement_n of_o the_o favour_n they_o receive_v in_o a_o word_n these_o two_o company_n be_v so_o well_o establish_v as_o to_o be_v upon_o all_o occasion_n a_o very_a great_a prop_n to_o the_o state_n for_o they_o be_v a_o nursery_n of_o soldier_n and_o seaman_n out_o of_o which_o in_o time_n of_o war_n the_o state_n may_v upon_o a_o sudden_a be_v provide_v with_o ship_n arm_n and_o some_o thousand_o of_o man_n and_o by_o which_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n many_o thousand_o get_v a_o very_a handsome_a livelihood_n chap._n xxii_o what_o judgement_n may_v be_v make_v of_o the_o last_a or_o decay_n of_o this_o commonwealth_n cardinal_n bentivoglio_n who_o be_v for_o some_o time_n the_o pope_n nuncio_n in_o the_o low-countries_n have_v write_v the_o history_n of_o their_o war_n and_o in_o his_o book_n have_v give_v i_o occasion_n of_o add_v here_o this_o chapter_n for_o he_o have_v propound_v the_o same_o question_n and_o after_o he_o have_v bring_v some_o reason_n which_o seem_v to_o conclude_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o perpetuity_n of_o this_o commonwealth_n he_o do_v produce_v some_o other_o to_o show_v that_o a_o contrary_a opinion_n be_v more_o likely_a it_o be_v certain_o a_o great_a vanity_n to_o go_v about_o to_o dispute_v about_o future_n yet_o the_o form_n and_o government_n and_o present_a felicity_n of_o a_o state_n may_v give_v we_o leave_v to_o give_v a_o guess_n at_o its_o future_a happiness_n and_o first_o if_o we_o consider_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o sound_n of_o this_o state_n we_o can_v think_v that_o it_o will_v ever_o be_v dissolve_v for_o that_o be_v the_o recover_n of_o lose_a liberty_n and_o the_o preservation_n of_o they_o when_o recover_v two_o thing_n mighty_o prize_v by_o all_o mankind_n but_o particular_o by_o the_o northern_a nation_n of_o the_o world_n beside_o not_o only_o by_o this_o the_o liberty_n of_o all_o its_o subject_n be_v secure_v but_o none_o of_o the_o neighbour_a nation_n can_v stand_v in_o fear_n of_o lose_v they_o by_o the_o increase_n of_o this_o so_o that_o it_o will_v be_v no_o body_n interest_n to_o procure_v a_o change_n for_o the_o people_n can_v be_v more_o easy_a than_o they_o be_v already_o add_v to_o this_o the_o mutual_a aversion_n between_o the_o spaniard_n and_o the_o hollander_n that_o it_o be_v natural_a to_o fear_v and_o not_o to_o trust_v those_o that_o we_o have_v offend_v beside_o let_v any_o body_n cast_v back_o their_o eye_n upon_o the_o first_o change_n and_o they_o shall_v find_v it_o such_o as_o no_o body_n be_v offend_v at_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o when_o in_o government_n man_n pass_v from_o one_o extremity_n to_o the_o other_o there_o be_v many_o who_o a_o desire_n of_o the_o first_o government_n do_v solicit_v and_o possess_v but_o here_o it_o be_v not_o so_o for_o except_v the_o change_n that_o be_v make_v of_o the_o person_n of_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n for_o the_o state_n general_n there_o be_v no_o change_n make_v in_o the_o law_n constitution_n and_o custom_n of_o these_o province_n since_o therefore_o that_o the_o ancient_a law_n and_o magistrate_n and_o all_o other_o privilege_n do_v remain_v it_o be_v easy_o agree_v that_o the_o change_n be_v scarce_o sensible_a to_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o upon_o this_o we_o may_v found_v this_o maxim_n that_o those_o state_n that_o have_v suffer_v least_o in_o their_o change_n be_v like_a to_o last_v long_a the_o inequality_n of_o strength_n and_o riches_n in_o these_o province_n be_v one_o of_o the_o tie_n of_o their_o perpetuity_n though_o ordinary_o it_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o rupture_n and_o fall_n out_o in_o these_o case_n if_o we_o consider_v the_o riches_n of_o these_o province_n and_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o acquire_v they_o we_o may_v certain_o conclude_v that_o they_o will_v not_o be_v want_v to_o themselves_o in_o their_o government_n beside_o without_o doubt_n as_o long_o as_o the_o spaniard_n power_n shall_v give_v occasion_n of_o jealousy_n to_o europe_n england_n and_o france_n will_v never_o forsake_v the_o protection_n of_o holland_n if_o we_o consider_v also_o the_o example_n of_o some_o commonwealth_n of_o our_o time_n as_o of_o the_o swisser_n who_o do_v not_o only_o maintain_v themselves_o free_a from_o neighbour_a prince_n by_o the_o natural_a situation_n of_o their_o country_n but_o be_v a_o terror_n to_o many_o of_o they_o these_o be_v our_o reason_n but_o cardinal_n bentivoglio_n bring_v some_o against_o they_o as_o follow_v liberty_n beget_v licence_n that_o beget_v inequality_n inequality_n beget_v monarchy_n so_o the_o roman_n have_v drive_v out_o king_n give_v themselves_o up_o to_o the_o enjoyment_n of_o their_o liberty_n after_o that_o they_o fall_v out_o by_o the_o inequality_n of_o charge_n and_o honour_n and_o at_o last_o fall_v under_o the_o domination_n of_o emperor_n to_o this_o be_v answer_v that_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a that_o this_o example_n be_v allege_v because_o the_o change_n proceed_v from_o the_o oversight_n in_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o roman_a government_n in_o which_o it_o be_v not_o provide_v against_o inequality_n but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o with_o the_o hollander_n as_o for_o what_o he_o say_v that_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o governor_n general_n be_v too_o great_a we_o do_v confess_v it_o yet_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o state_n be_v above_o it_o for_o in_o he_o lie_v only_a persuasion_n in_o they_o the_o power_n of_o command_v if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o the_o charge_n of_o a_o war_n be_v here_o incredible_a and_o excessive_a and_o that_o the_o treasury_n must_v needs_o be_v exhaust_v i_o shall_v answer_v that_o our_o enemy_n be_v not_o in_o a_o better_a condition_n but_o there_o be_v this_o difference_n between_o we_o that_o our_o enemy_n grow_v beggar_n and_o we_o grow_v rich_a under_o this_o oppression_n if_o it_o be_v further_o urge_v that_o one_o province_n holland_n be_v much_o superior_a to_o the_o other_o in_o strength_n and_o riches_n and_o so_o may_v usurp_v the_o domination_n over_o the_o rest_n i_o shall_v answer_v that_o in_o this_o inequality_n of_o power_n all_o the_o province_n be_v equal_a in_o authority_n and_o do_v not_o meddle_v with_o one_o another_o affair_n as_o for_o the_o diversity_n and_o plurality_n of_o religion_n it_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v a_o apple_n of_o discord_n that_o it_o be_v a_o tie_n of_o union_n and_o concord_n every_o one_o be_v please_v with_o the_o liberty_n he_o have_v to_o enjoy_v the_o freedom_n of_o his_o conscience_n chap._n xxiii_o a_o abridgement_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n by_o paul_n merle_n germany_n which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o noble_a part_n of_o europe_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n high_a and_o low_a it_o be_v not_o our_o design_n to_o say_v any_o thing_n of_o the_o high_a germany_n the_o low_a call_v the_o eye_n of_o the_o north_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o excellency_n be_v compose_v of_o seventeen_o province_n those_o of_o they_o that_o lie_v upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n rhin_n towards_o the_o north_n be_v use_v to_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o lordship_n of_o the_o upper_a germany_n and_o the_o other_o upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o same_o river_n towards_o the_o east_n be_v ancient_o esteem_v dependence_n of_o gallia_n belgica_n each_o of_o they_o have_v be_v govern_v till_o within_o these_o few_o year_n by_o their_o particular_a prince_n and_o princess_n the_o province_n of_o brabant_n limbourg_n luxembourg_n and_o gueldres_n be_v govern_v by_o duke_n flanders_n artois_n hainaut_n zeeland_n holland_n namur_n and_o zutphen_n by_o earl_n antwerp_n which_o bear_v the_o title_n of_o the_o marquessship_n of_o the_o holy_a
it_o be_v agree_v that_o there_o be_v choose_v in_o the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o confederate_n some_o plenipotentiaries_n and_o that_o these_o plenipotentiaries_n do_v assign_v the_o day_n and_o place_n of_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o state_n of_o each_o province_n and_o that_o they_o send_v to_o they_o in_o due_a time_n the_o grievance_n and_o head_n of_o matter_n they_o be_v to_o treat_v about_o yet_o if_o there_o be_v such_o point_n as_o require_v secrecy_n that_o then_o they_o reserve_v to_o declare_v they_o in_o the_o assembly_n general_n of_o the_o state_n that_o all_o the_o province_n be_v thus_o advertise_v do_v send_v their_o deputy_n with_o their_o instruction_n and_o power_n necessary_a to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o assembly_n general_n that_o the_o preference_n be_v give_v by_o the_o plurality_n of_o vote_n except_o in_o important_a affair_n that_o if_o some_o province_n do_v neglect_v to_o send_v their_o deputy_n that_o those_o that_o shall_v meet_v do_v nevertheless_o debate_v and_o deliberate_v and_o decree_n as_o if_o all_o have_v be_v there_o but_o if_o the_o thing_n to_o be_v debate_v will_v endure_v a_o delay_n than_o the_o province_n that_o have_v not_o send_v their_o deputy_n shall_v be_v call_v upon_o two_o or_o three_o time_n and_o those_o that_o have_v not_o convenience_n of_o send_v their_o deputy_n let_v they_o send_v their_o advice_n by_o writing_n 16._o if_o the_o state_n of_o the_o particular_a province_n have_v any_o knowledge_n of_o those_o thing_n that_o deserve_v to_o be_v examine_v and_o pass_v in_o the_o council_n of_o the_o state_n general_n let_v they_o give_v notice_n to_o the_o plenipotentiaries_n who_o shall_v assign_v and_o call_v together_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o confederate_n 17._o if_o there_o shall_v be_v any_o difficulty_n about_o the_o interpretation_n of_o these_o article_n or_o any_o doubt_n arise_v let_v the_o sense_n of_o the_o major_a part_n of_o the_o confederate_n be_v take_v for_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o all_o 18._o if_o it_o be_v find_v necessary_a to_o abolish_v or_o change_v any_o law_n already_o make_v or_o make_v any_o new_a one_o let_v it_o be_v do_v by_o the_o vote_n and_o consent_n of_o all_o 19_o let_v all_o observe_v and_o solemn_o swear_v to_o keep_v inviolable_o these_o law_n that_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v do_v either_o direct_o or_o indirect_o contrary_a to_o they_o let_v it_o be_v ipso_fw-la facto_fw-la void_a and_o let_v it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o other_o province_n to_o seize_v and_o take_v the_o city_n possession_n and_o good_n of_o those_o that_o shall_v infringe_v they_o and_o persist_v so_o to_o do_v in_o short_a if_o in_o these_o constitution_n there_o be_v any_o thing_n against_o the_o right_n of_o any_o particular_a province_n now_o constitute_v it_o shall_v not_o be_v sufficient_a to_o make_v a_o general_a renunciation_n to_o it_o except_o it_o be_v precede_v by_o a_o particular_a renunciation_n of_o each_o of_o the_o confederate_n these_o be_v the_o law_n that_o have_v be_v the_o foundation_n and_o basis_n of_o this_o commonwealth_n and_o be_v still_o exact_o observe_v in_o all_o point_n except_o in_o the_o 11_o article_n concern_v religion_n which_o be_v alter_v by_o the_o state_n general_n in_o the_o year_n 1583._o and_o since_o by_o the_o union_n of_o utrect_v it_o be_v free_a to_o amplify_v change_n and_o shorten_v any_o of_o the_o say_a article_n when_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o province_n shall_v require_v it_o the_o state_n ordain_v that_o no_o religion_n shall_v be_v henceforth_o receive_v but_o that_o which_o be_v public_o teach_v in_o the_o unite_a province_n which_o be_v the_o reform_a but_o that_o if_o any_o member_n province_n or_o papish_a town_n will_v enter_v into_o this_o alliance_n that_o then_o they_o shall_v enjoy_v the_o liberty_n of_o their_o religion_n in_o subscribe_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o article_n chap._n ii_o the_o rank_n and_o dependency_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n towards_o one_o another_o have_v make_v a_o slight_a draught_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o these_o united_a province_n we_o must_v now_o consider_v what_o be_v these_o province_n thus_o unite_v and_o to_o that_o end_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o all_o those_o town_n that_o do_v depend_v on_o the_o administration_n and_o government_n of_o the_o state_n do_v send_v their_o deputy_n to_o the_o hague_n and_o do_v share_n in_o the_o government_n but_o that_o those_o city_n and_o town_n that_o have_v be_v add_v and_o subject_v by_o the_o force_n of_o arm_n be_v as_o conquer_v nation_n use_v to_o be_v with_o the_o roman_n it_o be_v true_a that_o those_o town_n that_o by_o the_o happy_a success_n of_o the_o state_n arm_n have_v be_v with_o great_a cost_n and_o time_n conquer_v in_o brabant_n have_v often_o solicit_v their_o admission_n and_o reception_n into_o the_o body_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n but_o because_o they_o have_v stand_v the_o state_n in_o so_o much_o blood_n and_o treasure_n and_o that_o they_o be_v incapable_a of_o assist_v and_o be_v a_o help_n against_o the_o enemy_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o long_a suffering_n and_o also_o because_o it_o be_v fit_a that_o they_o alone_a who_o first_o conspire_v to_o this_o alliance_n shall_v enjoy_v it_o they_o have_v not_o yet_o obtain_v their_o request_n but_o to_o know_v whether_o those_o town_n of_o brabant_n to_o the_o number_n of_o eight_o viz._n bolduc_n breda_n berguenopsooun_n mastrect_v grave_a steenbergue_v heindove_n and_o helmont_n do_v deserve_v the_o privilege_n that_o the_o country_n of_o drow_v now_o enjoy_v viz._n of_o have_v particular_a treasurer_n not_o accountable_a to_o the_o state_n general_n be_v a_o point_n which_o deserve_v a_o great_a discussion_n than_o be_v here_o to_o be_v expect_v however_o within_o these_o few_o year_n the_o say_v town_n have_v a_o court_n of_o judicature_n which_o do_v sovereign_o and_o without_o appeal_n judge_n and_o decide_v all_o controversy_n arise_v in_o those_o part_n this_o court_n sit_v at_o the_o hague_n and_o be_v make_v up_o of_o seven_o counsellor_n one_o secretary_n one_o attorney_n of_o the_o exchequer_n and_o one_o attorney_n general_n the_o town_n likewise_o conquer_v in_o flanders_n have_v a_o court_n of_o judicature_n at_o middlebourg_n determine_v all_o cause_n sovereign_o the_o country_n of_o drow_v have_v many_o great_a privilege_n as_o the_o power_n to_o choose_v a_o governor_n to_o contribute_v to_o the_o public_a necessity_n as_o other_o province_n do_v and_o it_o have_v also_o a_o ambulatory_a court_n of_o justice_n which_o go_v from_o town_n to_o town_n to_o hear_v cause_n and_o decree_n upon_o they_o without_o appeal_n beside_o it_o have_v the_o liberty_n of_o name_v commissary_n for_o the_o treasury_n but_o it_o have_v not_o yet_o the_o privilege_n of_o send_v deputy_n call_v pensionary_n to_o the_o state_n general_n because_o they_o do_v not_o at_o first_o come_v into_o the_o league_n and_o alliance_n make_v between_o the_o other_o province_n and_o also_o because_o since_o that_o time_n there_o have_v be_v no_o occasion_n of_o make_v any_o article_n with_o any_o of_o their_o town_n except_o couverde_n which_o be_v dispute_v too_o there_o be_v in_o this_o country_n scarce_o any_o place_n which_o have_v juâ—_n civitatis_fw-la except_o the_o little_a town_n of_o meppâ—l_n which_o will_v soon_o attain_v its_o desire_n of_o take_v share_n in_o the_o government_n if_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o drow_v it_o be_v unite_v to_o some_o of_o the_o neighbour_a province_n to_o drow_v be_v ordinary_o join_v the_o manor_n or_o demean_v of_o rhun_n which_o be_v a_o ancient_a lordship_n of_o the_o house_n of_o munster_n but_o gueldres_n holland_n zeeland_n utrect_v friezland_n overyssel_n and_o groningue_n with_o omlund_n be_v of_o the_o first_o alliance_n and_o have_v for_o arm_n a_o lion_n hold_v in_o his_o paw_n seven_o arrow_n the_o symbol_n of_o their_o union_n and_o the_o state_n general_n do_v use_v it_o as_o their_o public_a seal_n this_o order_n which_o we_o have_v set_v down_o though_o it_o be_v so_o at_o first_o be_v nevertheless_o dispute_v between_o friezland_n and_o uâ—rect_a they_o both_o pretend_v to_o the_o precedency_n but_o beside_o that_o utrect_v be_v in_o possession_n it_o have_v two_o strong_a reason_n the_o first_o be_v that_o former_o all_o friezland_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o bishop_n of_o utrect_v as_o for_o the_o spiritual_a jurisdiction_n â—ly_o that_o a_o 〈…〉_z utrect_v have_v declare_v for_o the_o union_n when_o divers_a town_n of_o friezland_n be_v yet_o in_o suspense_n chap._n iii_o what_o be_v the_o form_n of_o the_o general_a assembly_n till_o the_o time_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o leicester_n from_o the_o first_o time_n that_o the_o deputy_n meet_v to_o make_v and_o ordain_v law_n about_o the_o settle_n and_o firm_a establish_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n it_o be_v agree_v by_o the_o 17_o article_n of_o the_o union_n of_o
to_o be_v understand_v of_o privateer_n chap._n xix_o of_o the_o particular_a government_n of_o the_o town_n in_o holland_n we_o have_v see_v hitherto_o what_o be_v the_o government_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n now_o we_o may_v descend_v to_o the_o particular_a to_n the_o town_n be_v govern_v by_o a_o bailif_n a_o senate_n or_o council_n by_o bourgmaster_n or_o consul_n and_o by_o alderman_n there_o be_v but_o one_o bailif_n in_o each_o town_n who_o to_o say_v true_a have_v no_o power_n of_o himself_o to_o pronounce_v judgement_n but_o in_o criminal_a cause_n he_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o attourney-generall_n and_o manage_n accusation_n against_o offender_n in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o state_n this_o be_v do_v before_o the_o alderman_n who_o have_v power_n to_o examine_v the_o head_n of_o the_o accusation_n and_o to_o pronounce_v sentence_n the_o bailiff_n have_v no_o salary_n and_o all_o the_o profit_n of_o their_o place_n rise_v from_o the_o fine_n that_o be_v lay_v upon_o the_o guilty_a the_o senate_n and_o the_o great_a be_v that_o which_o be_v call_v den_n breeden_fw-mi raâ—dâ—_n or_o de_fw-fr vroedschap_n in_o most_o town_n as_o at_o leyden_n it_o be_v compose_v of_o about_o forty_o person_n according_a to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o rich_a citizen_n more_o or_o less_o the_o ancient_a law_n admit_v none_o to_o be_v of_o this_o senate_n but_o such_o as_o be_v of_o the_o rich_a sort_n this_o assembly_n seldom_o meet_v but_o upon_o the_o occasion_n of_o choose_v new_a magistrate_n as_o also_o when_o the_o state_n of_o the_o province_n be_v to_o meet_v than_o the_o head_n of_o the_o deliberation_n be_v examine_v in_o this_o senate_n beforehand_o they_o do_v also_o control_v and_o correct_v their_o bourgmaster_n and_o alderman_n if_o in_o the_o assembly_n of_o the_o state_n they_o chance_v to_o go_v beyond_o their_o commission_n and_o to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v do_v it_o without_o fear_n it_o have_v be_v ordain_v by_o our_o wise_a ancestor_n that_o the_o charge_n of_o senator_n shall_v be_v perpetual_a that_o so_o they_o may_v not_o fear_v to_o be_v persecute_v for_o what_o they_o shall_v do_v in_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o public_a liberty_n the_o bourgmaster_n and_o alderman_n be_v choose_v from_o among_o these_o senator_n by_o the_o plurality_n of_o voice_n in_o some_o place_n there_o be_v four_o bourgmaster_n and_o in_o some_o there_o be_v but_o two_o their_o office_n be_v to_o determine_v all_o that_o concern_v the_o good_a order_n of_o the_o town_n as_o also_o to_o inform_v themselves_o of_o all_o the_o fall_n out_o of_o the_o citizen_n and_o bring_v they_o either_o by_o themselves_o or_o other_o to_o a_o agreement_n which_o if_o they_o can_v compass_v than_o their_o duty_n be_v to_o cite_v they_o before_o the_o alderman_n they_o meet_v in_o a_o common_a chamber_n and_o give_v audience_n to_o all_o inhabitant_n without_o distinction_n in_o some_o place_n there_o be_v seven_o alderman_n in_o other_o nine_a they_o be_v the_o judge_n of_o the_o town_n who_o meet_v three_o or_o four_o set_a time_n a_o week_n and_o determine_v all_o civil_a cause_n between_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o judge_v all_o crime_n propose_v by_o the_o bailif_n for_o the_o first_o cognizance_n of_o the_o cause_n belong_v to_o the_o judge_n of_o the_o place_n where_o he_o that_o be_v cite_v dwell_v except_o they_o be_v privilege_v cause_n the_o town_n judge_v of_o no_o great_a sum_n than_o five_o pound_n and_o the_o bourghs_n of_o thirty_o shilling_n though_o in_o very_o great_a city_n they_o may_v judge_v as_o far_o as_o thirty_o pound_n the_o appeal_n be_v first_o to_o the_o court_n of_o the_o province_n and_o then_o to_o the_o great_a council_n where_o there_o be_v a_o double_a number_n of_o judge_n they_o that_o be_v cast_v be_v fine_v for_o have_v appeal_v without_o reason_n in_o the_o court_n of_o the_o province_n the_o fine_a be_v three_o pound_n ten_o shilling_n in_o the_o great_a council_n of_o six_o pound_n and_o when_o the_o process_n be_v re-viewed_n if_o the_o sentence_n be_v confirm_v the_o fine_a be_v of_o twenty_o pound_n as_o for_o criminal_a cause_n the_o judge_n be_v absolute_a and_o there_o be_v no_o appeal_n from_o they_o neither_o in_o the_o village_n nor_o in_o the_o town_n except_o the_o bailif_n require_v that_o the_o criminal_a shall_v undergo_v a_o severe_a punishment_n and_o then_o the_o accuse_a have_v liberty_n to_o defend_v himself_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o law_n in_o holland_n the_o first_o sort_n be_v the_o custom_n privilege_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o country_n and_o former_a prince_n and_o of_o the_o state_n the_o second_o be_v the_o roman_a law_n call_v the_o civil_a law_n moreover_o that_o the_o course_n of_o justice_n be_v not_o retard_v nor_o the_o judge_n time_n take_v up_o in_o petty_a business_n there_o be_v choose_v by_o the_o alderman_n a_o certain_a number_n of_o the_o rich_a sort_n of_o citizen_n who_o be_v call_v commissary_n of_o small_a cause_n these_o take_v cognizance_n of_o all_o cause_n that_o be_v not_o above_o five_o pound_n as_o also_o of_o all_o action_n for_o reparation_n of_o honour_n and_o of_o the_o difference_n between_o master_n and_o servant_n and_o such_o like_a a_o alderman_n preside_v ordinary_o in_o this_o assembly_n and_o be_v ordinary_o a_o good_a civilian_n there_o be_v also_o in_o the_o senate_n or_o town-house_n and_o in_o the_o college_n of_o the_o bourgmaster_n one_o who_o be_v call_v a_o syndiâ—_n or_o pensioner_n who_o ought_v to_o be_v eloquent_a and_o learned_a as_o be_v the_o speaker_n of_o the_o whole_a town_n or_o corporation_n in_o their_o most_o important_a affair_n chap._n xx._n of_o the_o tribute_n and_o impost_n of_o how_o many_o sort_n they_o be_v and_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o levy_v they_o in_o holland_n since_o as_o tacitus_n say_v there_o be_v no_o war_n without_o pay_n nor_o no_o pay_n without_o tribute_n and_o that_o that_o be_v the_o particular_a case_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n who_o have_v be_v long_o in_o war_n to_o which_o they_o have_v all_o contribute_v their_o share_n it_o be_v fit_a to_o consider_v of_o the_o way_n they_o use_v to_o levy_v they_o there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o tribute_n the_o ordinary_a and_o the_o extraordinary_a the_o ordinary_a which_o be_v once_o grant_v be_v always_o continue_v the_o extraordinary_a which_o be_v levy_v but_o for_o some_o certain_a time_n and_o be_v then_o leave_v off_o there_o be_v three_o sort_n of_o extraordinary_a tribute_n viz._n the_o tribute_n by_o head_n or_o pole-money_n the_o chimney-money_n and_o the_o land_n tax_n the_o pole-money_n be_v so_o levy_v that_o the_o state_n have_v twenty_o penny_n for_o every_o head_n they_o that_o be_v extreme_a poor_a be_v free_v from_o this_o tribute_n to_o my_o remembrance_n this_o be_v never_o practise_v but_o once_o and_o then_o too_o there_o be_v great_a murmur_v and_o many_o refuse_v to_o pay_v the_o chimney-money_n be_v that_o tribute_n which_o be_v pay_v for_o every_o chimney_n or_o hearth_n which_o be_v twenty_o penny_n and_o in_o this_o the_o hollander_n have_v imitate_v the_o spaniard_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o naples_n the_o three_o tribute_n call_v a_o land_n tax_n may_v be_v proper_o call_v the_o two_o hundred_o penny_n for_o out_o of_o two_o hundred_o pound_n a_o year_n for_o example_n be_v pay_v one_o pound_n to_o the_o state_n so_o out_o of_o four_o hundred_o two_o pound_n or_o forty_o shilling_n to_o this_o may_v be_v object_v that_o it_o be_v a_o very_a hard_a thing_n if_o not_o impossible_a for_o the_o perfect_a knowledge_n of_o the_o true_a value_n of_o man_n estate_n to_o be_v have_v it_o be_v answer_v that_o the_o magistrate_n do_v take_v his_o measure_n from_o the_o public_a voice_n and_o the_o general_a report_n that_o any_o man_n have_v to_o have_v such_o and_o such_o revenue_n and_o because_o in_o this_o there_o be_v room_n for_o a_o mistake_n the_o law_n give_v any_o man_n leave_v to_o complain_v of_o the_o greatness_n of_o his_o tax_n and_o if_o he_o will_v take_v his_o oath_n he_o be_v not_o worth_a so_o much_o as_o the_o world_n value_v his_o estate_n at_o his_o tax_n shall_v be_v moderate_v as_o for_o the_o ordinary_a tribute_n the_o chief_a be_v these_o follow_v 1._o the_o tribute_n from_o salt_n call_v in_o dutch_a sonte_n geldt_fw-mi it_o be_v levy_v after_o this_o manner_n the_o magistrate_n of_o the_o town_n visit_v each_o family_n and_o reckon_v every_o head_n of_o it_o then_o they_o guess_v at_o the_o quantity_n of_o salt_n that_o they_o may_v reasonable_o be_v think_v to_o spend_v in_o one_o year_n and_o thereupon_o they_o exact_v from_o they_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n proportionable_a to_o the_o quantity_n of_o salt_n they_o be_v to_o have_v and_o in_o some_o town_n they_o set_v a_o price_n upon_o the_o
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manufacture_n as_o we_o shall_v see_v in_o the_o description_n of_o leyden_n the_o situation_n of_o this_o noble_a province_n be_v such_o as_o if_o nature_n intend_v it_o for_o the_o general_a mart_n of_o europe_n for_o it_o have_v the_o neighbourhood_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o be_v itself_o full_a of_o navigable_a lake_n rivers_n channel_n all_o which_o be_v night_n and_o day_n load_v with_o boat_n and_o passenger_n many_o channel_n have_v be_v make_v since_o the_o publication_n of_o the_o peace_n with_o spain_n as_o that_o from_o leyden_n to_o harlem_n and_o from_o amsterdam_n to_o goude_n which_o be_v call_v trech-schâ—iteâ—_a because_o there_o the_o boat_n be_v draw_v by_o horse_n that_o so_o they_o may_v come_v in_o at_o set-time_n the_o say_v channel_n be_v make_v with_o the_o great_a ease_n that_o can_v be_v for_o as_o soon_o as_o you_o have_v dig_v three_o or_o four_o foot_n you_o meet_v with_o the_o water_n the_o herring-fishing_a be_v proper_o the_o golden_a mine_n of_o this_o country_n by_o the_o great_a revenue_n it_o bring_v yearly_a to_o it_o it_o be_v a_o hard_a matter_n to_o say_v how_o many_o thousand_o of_o man_n be_v keep_v by_o it_o for_o beside_o those_o that_o go_v to_o sea_n who_o be_v a_o great_a number_n there_o be_v employ_v as_o many_o more_o in_o make_v of_o boat_n and_o barrel_n to_o pickle_n they_o up_o in_o every_o summer_n in_o june_n there_o set_v out_o a_o fleet_n of_o fisherman_n from_o the_o mouse_n they_o call_v they_o buss_n they_o cast_v their_o net_n near_o the_o english_a coast_n upon_o midsummer-eve_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a custom_n they_o pickle_v they_o up_o in_o barrel_n and_o serve_v all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o world_n with_o they_o the_o last_o fish_n be_v most_o value_v and_o the_o herring_n of_o that_o fish_n be_v all_o carry_v abroad_o ten_o day_n after_o midsummer_n they_o may_v sell_v they_o public_o but_o not_o before_o then_o many_o go_v up_o and_o down_o crying_z fresh_a herring_n which_o be_v esteem_v 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of_o all_o and_o who_o with_o force_n and_o arm_n drive_v a_o prodigious_a trade_n be_v the_o east_n and_o west-india_n company_n who_o have_v a_o patent_n from_o the_o state_n the_o west-india_n company_n have_v make_v great_a profit_n by_o the_o take_n of_o the_o baia_n de_fw-fr â—odos_fw-la lâ—s_fw-la sanctos_fw-la and_o of_o the_o silver_n fleet_n which_o jason_n peter_n hain_n bring_v into_o holland_n in_o the_o year_n 1629._o which_o also_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o take_n of_o bosleduke_n from_o the_o spaniard_n the_o take_n of_o fernambuco_n do_v likewise_o give_v hope_n of_o conquer_a the_o rest_n of_o brasil_n but_o after_o the_o depart_n of_o the_o noble_a count_n morris_n of_o nassaw_n the_o negro_n and_o portuguese_n join_v together_o revolt_a and_o reduce_v the_o company_n to_o great_a extremity_n since_o it_o have_v suffer_v another_o defeat_n which_o have_v almost_o make_v a_o end_n of_o ruine_v it_o it_o have_v often_o be_v propose_v to_o unite_v it_o with_o the_o 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awe_n it_o be_v think_v that_o the_o company_n pay_v above_o 10000_o man_n the_o place_n and_o employment_n be_v much_o value_v and_o not_o to_o be_v come_v by_o but_o by_o the_o intercession_n of_o some_o great_a friend_n every_o summer_n about_o august_n there_o come_v in_o a_o east-india_n fleet_n of_o ten_o or_o twelve_o ship_n which_o be_v esteem_v to_o bring_v in_o the_o value_n of_o above_o a_o million_o of_o gold_n the_o prohibition_n that_o philip_n king_n of_o spain_n make_v to_o the_o hollander_n from_o trade_v in_o his_o country_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o this_o enterprise_n it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o venetians_n do_v counsel_n and_o further_o it_o for_o a_o design_n which_o succeed_v otherwise_o than_o they_o expect_v and_o to_o their_o own_o loss_n the_o ship_n that_o go_v for_o the_o indies_n be_v of_o extraordinary_a bulk_n every_o one_o that_o have_v put_v in_o a_o thousand_o pound_n may_v be_v a_o director_n and_o every_o one_o that_o have_v a_o hundred_o pound_n 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first_o because_o of_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o consumption_n cause_v by_o the_o affluence_n of_o people_n from_o all_o part_n the_o other_o because_o of_o the_o excise_n which_o be_v upon_o every_o thing_n almost_o and_o which_o be_v easy_o support_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a gain_n every_o one_o be_v able_a to_o make_v in_o his_o profession_n these_o impost_n be_v so_o lay_v and_o gather_v that_o they_o be_v willing_o pay_v though_o there_o be_v nothing_o free_a from_o they_o the_o money_n that_o be_v thus_o raise_v come_v to_o a_o vast_a sum_n which_o add_v to_o the_o situation_n of_o the_o country_n have_v make_v all_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n endeavour_n vain_a but_o to_o show_v the_o greatness_n of_o this_o tribute_n i_o will_v give_v only_o this_o example_n a_o cow_n of_o nine_o year_n old_a if_o it_o be_v sell_v for_o five_o pound_n will_v have_v pay_v above_o six_o pound_n to_o the_o state_n there_o be_v never_o a_o dish_n come_v to_o table_n but_o have_v pay_v excise_n above_o twenty_o time_n the_o state_n see_v the_o necessity_n of_o have_v money_n to_o defend_v their_o liberty_n do_v by_o little_a and_o little_a and_o not_o all_o at_o once_o settle_v these_o excise_n so_o that_o the_o people_n bear_v it_o cheerful_o enough_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o war_n every_o one_o pay_v the_o two_o hundred_o penny_n of_o their_o estate_n they_o only_o that_o be_v not_o worth_a two_o hundred_o pound_n principal_a be_v exempt_v from_o this_o contribution_n there_o be_v many_o other_o impost_n which_o may_v be_v all_o see_v in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o book_n in_o the_o chapter_n of_o impost_n all_o that_o be_v wonderful_a be_v to_o consider_v that_o that_o very_a thing_n for_o the_o fear_n of_o which_o these_o nation_n revolt_v from_o the_o spaniard_n have_v be_v put_v in_o execution_n in_o a_o high_a manner_n upon_o themselves_o by_o their_o own_o consent_n and_o prove_v the_o mean_n of_o their_o preservation_n let_v we_o now_o come_v to_o the_o description_n of_o particular_a town_n and_o let_v we_o begin_v by_o leyden_n which_o be_v to_o the_o rest_n as_o the_o spring_n be_v to_o the_o other_o season_n of_o the_o year_n the_o gay_a and_o most_o pleasant_a town_n in_o other_o country_n be_v subject_a to_o the_o injury_n of_o time_n and_o revolution_n but_o here_o they_o spring_v up_o increase_n and_o grow_v big_a every_o day_n this_o town_n among_o the_o rest_n have_v have_v the_o good_a fortune_n to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o flourish_a of_o the_o low_a country_n the_o ocean_n be_v on_o the_o westside_n of_o it_o and_o within_o twelve_o mile_n harlem_n on_o the_o north_n within_o fifteen_o and_o amsterdam_n within_o one_o and_o twenty_o utrect_v within_o thirty_o towards_o the_o east_n delft_n and_o the_o hague_n on_o the_o south_n and_o south-west_n and_o within_o nine_o mile_n distance_n chap._n vii_o of_o leyden_n in_o latin_a lugdunum_n batavorum_n this_o town_n the_o great_a and_o most_o pleasant_a that_o be_v in_o europe_n if_o we_o consider_v the_o magnificence_n of_o its_o building_n the_o breadth_n of_o its_o street_n the_o conveniency_n of_o its_o channel_n and_o the_o please_a shade_n of_o the_o tree_n plant_v on_o each_o side_n the_o channel_n be_v situate_v upon_o the_o ancient_a river_n of_o rhine_n which_o go_v through_o it_o make_v many_o island_n and_o then_o join_v in_o one_o bed_n at_o the_o white_a gate_n it_o be_v almost_o in_o the_o centre_n of_o holland_n and_o from_o it_o we_o will_v draw_v line_n to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o city_n which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o circumference_n it_o be_v a_o very_a ancient_a city_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o burg_n build_v either_o by_o the_o roman_n or_o saxon_n whence_o many_o derive_v the_o word_n leyden_n from_o legio_n there_o be_v there_o a_o roman_a legion_n in_o quarter_n the_o opinion_n of_o some_o be_v that_o it_o be_v build_v by_o a_o english_a man_n in_o the_o year_n 1050._o plutarch_n and_o 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invite_v the_o company_n in_o then_o they_o be_v present_v with_o wine_n and_o every_o one_o drink_v as_o much_o as_o he_o please_v and_o go_v away_o when_o he_o think_v fit_a the_o rich_a sort_n be_v bury_v in_o the_o church_n and_o the_o company_n have_v rhenish_a wine_n give_v they_o the_o poor_a give_v beer_n the_o young_a man_n and_o maid_n be_v carry_v by_o young_a people_n the_o body_n be_v all_o cover_v with_o flower_n and_o the_o bearer_n have_v a_o branch_n of_o laurel_n or_o rosemary_n in_o their_o hand_n if_o it_o be_v a_o person_n of_o quality_n all_o the_o bearer_n be_v present_v with_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n which_o they_o go_v and_o spend_v in_o a_o treating-house_n there_o be_v always_o a_o certain_a sum_n to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o purse_n of_o the_o neighbourhood_n and_o such_o as_o have_v not_o a_o bury_a place_n in_o the_o church_n must_v pay_v very_o dear_a for_o it_o if_o they_o intend_v to_o have_v one_o they_o for_o who_o the_o big_a bell_n ring_v pay_v â—0_n shilling_n at_o least_o the_o papist_n be_v very_o observant_a of_o that_o ceremony_n but_o the_o reform_a laugh_n at_o it_o as_o a_o piece_n of_o superstition_n and_o institute_v for_o the_o church_n profit_n however_o these_o bury_n without_o prayer_n or_o ceremony_n cost_v as_o much_o as_o the_o obsequy_n of_o the_o catholic_n in_o france_n after_o the_o bury_n of_o a_o professor_n there_o be_v a_o speech_n make_v in_o honour_n of_o he_o if_o the_o body_n be_v not_o in_o the_o church_n at_o half_a a_o hour_n past_o two_o there_o be_v a_o fine_a of_o 20._o shilling_n to_o be_v pay_v if_o it_o be_v not_o there_o till_o after_o three_o then_o there_o be_v the_o double_a due_a some_o be_v so_o ill-bred_a as_o to_o drink_v themselves_o drink_v at_o these_o bury_n and_o when_o they_o go_v home_o in_o their_o long_a cloak_n you_o shall_v find_v they_o in_o the_o mire_n but_o the_o people_n of_o quality_n come_v not_o to_o that_o extremity_n but_o after_o two_o or_o three_o glass_n of_o wine_n return_v quiet_o beside_o all_o these_o religion_n there_o be_v a_o certain_a assembly_n hold_v at_o rinsbourg_n ten_o or_o twelve_o time_n a_o year_n where_o every_o one_o that_o will_v have_v the_o liberty_n of_o make_v a_o exhortation_n it_o be_v call_v the_o assembly_n of_o the_o free-minded_n there_o be_v many_o other_o that_o sit_v at_o home_n read_v the_o scripture_n and_o never_o come_v to_o any_o church_n except_o it_o be_v out_o of_o curiosity_n the_o arianism_n have_v those_o that_o profess_v it_o in_o a_o word_n any_o body_n may_v follow_v his_o own_o opinion_n but_o not_o profess_v it_o with_o a_o public_a worship_n there_o be_v atheist_n enough_o too_o chap._n xxv_o of_o the_o nobility_n holland_n have_v for_o arm_n a_o with_o this_o motto_n for_o liberty_n it_o be_v observable_a that_o almost_o all_o the_o province_n of_o the_o low-countries_n have_v a_o lion_n for_o their_o arm_n which_o make_v charles_n their_o duke_n desirous_a to_o make_v one_o kingdom_n of_o they_o call_v the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o lion_n but_o while_o he_o be_v add_v to_o it_o lorraine_n and_o the_o swisser_n he_o die_v and_o leave_v the_o title_n of_o duke_n only_o to_o his_o successor_n the_o emperor_n charlâ—s_n the_o five_o have_v the_o same_o design_n but_o he_o meet_v with_o so_o much_o opposition_n in_o the_o privilege_n and_o the_o diversity_n of_o humour_n and_o tongue_n in_o the_o different_a province_n that_o he_o be_v fain_o to_o give_v over_o the_o design_n of_o it_o he_o be_v beside_o busy_v with_o continual_a war_n there_o be_v also_o many_o gentleman_n in_o the_o low-countries_n that_o bear_v a_o lion_n in_o their_o coat_n but_o since_o my_o design_n be_v only_o to_o speak_v of_o holland_n i_o shall_v mention_v no_o other_o than_o the_o nobility_n of_o that_o province_n as_o well_o to_o publish_v their_o antiquity_n as_o to_o stop_v the_o mouth_n of_o some_o stranger_n who_o either_o by_o a_o absurd_a ignorance_n or_o malicious_o do_v publish_v that_o there_o be_v no_o gentleman_n in_o holland_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o length_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n have_v be_v the_o death_n of_o many_o of_o that_o courageous_a nobility_n who_o seek_v honour_n have_v die_v in_o the_o bed_n of_o it_o and_o so_o some_o family_n of_o ancient_a extract_n be_v quite_o extinguish_v but_o there_o be_v yet_o many_o remain_v who_o may_v contend_v for_o antiquity_n and_o splendour_n with_o most_o family_n in_o europe_n it_o be_v common_o say_v that_o the_o italian_a nobility_n do_v not_o scruple_n to_o trade_n the_o french_a indeed_o be_v nice_a and_o think_v it_o a_o degenerate_v from_o their_o birth_n yet_o do_v they_o not_o make_v any_o difficulty_n of_o marry_v a_o citizen_n daughter_n if_o she_o be_v rich_a and_o can_v by_o
shall_v be_v leave_v to_o the_o course_n of_o the_o law_n 21._o there_o shall_v be_v frame_v a_o court_n of_o equal_a number_n of_o commissioner_n on_o both_o side_n who_o shall_v sit_v in_o such_o place_n in_o the_o low-countries_n as_o shall_v be_v think_v fit_a sometime_o under_o the_o obedience_n of_o one_o and_o sometime_o under_o the_o obedience_n of_o the_o other_o state_n as_o it_o shall_v be_v agree_v by_o common_a consent_n and_o according_a to_o their_o commission_n which_o they_o shall_v be_v swear_v to_o observe_v they_o shall_v take_v care_n to_o maintain_v a_o good_a correspondency_n on_o both_o side_n shall_v also_o have_v a_o regard_n to_o the_o tax_n and_o imposition_n lay_v on_o both_o side_n upon_o merchandise_n and_o if_o they_o perceive_v that_o on_o either_o side_n there_o be_v excess_n commit_v they_o shall_v immediate_o redress_v it_o beside_o the_o say_a judge_n shall_v examine_v all_o question_n touch_v the_o non-observancce_a of_o this_o treaty_n of_o peace_n as_o also_o the_o contravention_n or_o fail_n against_o it_o not_o only_o here_o but_o in_o distant_a province_n and_o kingdom_n of_o europe_n and_o shall_v decide_v they_o by_o a_o short_a way_n the_o sentence_n and_o decree_n of_o which_o judge_n shall_v be_v put_v in_o execution_n by_o all_o under-officer_n live_v upon_o the_o place_n against_o the_o person_n of_o the_o transgressor_n as_o necessity_n shall_v require_v and_o the_o say_v subordinate_a officer_n may_v by_o no_o mean_n fail_v in_o this_o at_o their_o peril_n 22._o if_o any_o judgement_n or_o decree_n shall_v pass_v between_o person_n of_o different_a party_n either_o in_o civil_a or_o criminal_a matter_n they_o shall_v not_o be_v put_v in_o execution_n neither_o against_o the_o good_n nor_o against_o the_o person_n of_o the_o say_a party_n and_o no_o letter_n of_o reprisal_n shall_v be_v grant_v but_o with_o cognizance_n of_o cause_n and_o according_a to_o the_o imperial_a constitution_n and_o the_o order_n by_o they_o establish_v 23._o it_o shall_v not_o be_v free_a to_o enter_v or_o stay_v in_o the_o harbour_n port_n bay_n and_o rhodes_n of_o each_o other_o with_o man_n of_o war_n or_o arm_v ship_n in_o such_o number_n as_o may_v give_v occasion_n of_o jealousy_n to_o any_o without_o the_o leave_n and_o permission_n of_o that_o state_n to_o who_o the_o say_v port_n etc._n etc._n do_v belong_v except_o in_o case_n of_o a_o storm_n or_o that_o there_o be_v some_o other_o necessity_n of_o avoid_v danger_n at_o sea_n 24._o they_o who_o estate_n have_v be_v seize_v upon_o and_o confiscate_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o war_n or_o their_o heir_n executor_n etc._n etc._n shall_v enjoy_v the_o say_v estate_n and_o may_v enter_v into_o possession_n of_o they_o by_o their_o own_o authority_n by_o virtue_n of_o this_o present_a treaty_n notwithstanding_o all_o alienation_n incorporation_n into_o the_o public_a treasury_n gift_n treaty_n agreement_n and_o transaction_n whatsoever_o though_o they_o contain_v renunciation_n of_o the_o party_n to_o who_o the_o say_a estate_n do_v belong_v and_o all_o such_o estate_n once_o restore_v may_v be_v sell_v by_o the_o proprietor_n their_o heir_n etc._n etc._n without_o a_o necessity_n of_o a_o further_o or_o more_o particular_a leave_n and_o in_o consequence_n of_o this_o the_o proprietary_n of_o such_o rent_n as_o shall_v be_v constitute_v by_o the_o treasury_n in_o lieu_n of_o the_o say_a estate_n thus_o sell_v may_v dispose_v of_o the_o propriety_n they_o have_v in_o they_o by_o sale_n or_o otherwise_o as_o of_o any_o part_n of_o their_o estate_n 25._o this_o shall_v take_v place_n to_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o decease_a illustrious_a prince_n william_n prince_n of_o orange_n even_o for_o the_o right_n they_o have_v in_o the_o salt-well_n of_o the_o county_n of_o burgundy_n which_o shall_v be_v restore_v to_o they_o as_o also_o the_o wood_n that_o do_v depend_v on_o they_o that_o be_v so_o much_o as_o shall_v not_o be_v find_v to_o have_v be_v buy_v and_o pay_v for_o by_o his_o catholic_n majesty_n 26._o in_o which_o be_v also_o comprise_v the_o estate_n and_o land_n lie_v in_o the_o county_n of_o burgundy_n and_o charolois_n and_o all_o which_o have_v not_o be_v restore_v as_o it_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v by_o the_o treaty_n of_o the_o nine_o of_o april_n 1609._o and_o the_o seven_o of_o january_n 1610._o these_o i_o say_v shall_v be_v restore_v to_o the_o proprietary_n their_o heir_n etc._n etc._n 27._o as_o also_o be_v hereby_o understand_v such_o land_n and_o right_n as_o after_o the_o expiration_n of_o the_o truce_n of_o 12._o year_n be_v by_o sentence_n of_o the_o council_n of_o malines_n judge_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o count_n john_n de_fw-fr nassaw_n which_o sentence_n by_o virtue_n of_o this_o treaty_n be_v make_v void_a and_o any_o other_o acquisition_n of_o possession_n be_v also_o annul_v 28._o and_o as_o for_o the_o suit_n in_o law_n about_o castle_n beliu_n begin_v in_o the_o life_n of_o the_o late_a prince_n of_o orange_n against_o the_o attorney-general_n of_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n since_o the_o say_a cause_n have_v not_o be_v determine_v in_o the_o time_n of_o a_o year_n as_o it_o be_v promise_v by_o the_o fourteen_o article_n of_o the_o truce_n for_o 12._o year_n it_o have_v be_v agree_v that_o immediate_o after_o the_o conclusion_n and_o ratification_n of_o the_o present_a treaty_n the_o treasury_n shall_v desist_v from_o all_o demand_n touch_v the_o say_a suit_n in_o law_n and_o that_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n and_o his_o heir_n shall_v free_o enjoy_v without_o molestation_n the_o land_n and_o chattel_n in_o question_n as_o his_o own_o for_o ever_o upon_o condition_n likewise_o that_o the_o treasury_n shall_v not_o be_v force_v to_o refund_v for_o the_o past_a possession_n of_o they_o 29._o if_o in_o any_o place_n there_o arise_v difficulty_n touch_v the_o restitution_n of_o land_n and_o right_n the_o judge_n of_o the_o place_n shall_v without_o delay_n cause_n the_o execution_n and_o in_o this_o shall_v proceed_v the_o short_a way_n work_n 30._o the_o subject_n of_o the_o say_a king_n and_o state_n may_v reciprocal_o in_o the_o dominion_n of_o each_o use_v such_o lawyer_n attorney_n solicitor_n etc._n etc._n as_o they_o shall_v think_v fit_a 31._o if_o the_o treasury_n have_v cause_v any_o confiscate_v estate_n to_o be_v sell_v those_o person_n to_o who_o they_o belong_v shall_v be_v content_a to_o receive_v the_o payment_n of_o they_o at_o 16._o year_n purchase_n to_o be_v pay_v they_o every_o year_n or_o else_o they_o shall_v have_v liberty_n to_o distrain_v upon_o the_o land_n in_o what_o hand_n soever_o they_o find_v it_o provide_v they_o have_v patent_n from_o the_o 〈◊〉_d to_o serve_v they_o for_o a_o title_n with_o the_o assignation_n of_o the_o annual_a payment_n upon_o some_o receiver_n of_o the_o king_n revenue_n in_o that_o province_n in_o which_o the_o thing_n shall_v have_v be_v sell_v which_o receiver_n shall_v also_o be_v name_v in_o the_o patent_n and_o the_o price_n of_o the_o thing_n sell_v calculate_v and_o sum_v up_o according_a to_o the_o first_o public_a sale_n of_o it_o the_o first_o year_n of_o which_o payment_n shall_v end_v a_o year_n after_o the_o ratification_n of_o this_o present_a treaty_n 32._o but_o if_o the_o sale_n be_v make_v for_o good_a and_o lawful_a debt_n of_o those_o to_o who_o the_o say_a estate_n do_v belong_v before_o the_o confiscation_n it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o they_o or_o their_o heir_n to_o redeem_v the_o say_a estate_n pay_v the_o price_n of_o they_o in_o a_o year_n after_o which_o time_n they_o shall_v be_v exclude_v from_o this_o privilege_n but_o have_v once_o redeem_v they_o may_v sell_v and_o dispose_v of_o such_o estate_n as_o they_o please_v 33._o yet_o under_o this_o be_v not_o understand_v such_o house_n as_o have_v be_v sell_v in_o town_n for_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o many_o change_n and_o reparation_n make_v in_o they_o it_o will_v be_v too_o hard_a a_o matter_n to_o settle_v and_o determine_v their_o just_a value_n 34._o and_o as_o for_o all_o reparation_n and_o improvement_n make_v in_o all_o other_o redeem_v estate_n the_o judge_n shall_v examine_v they_o and_o have_v a_o regard_n to_o they_o yet_o shall_v it_o not_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o possessor_n to_o retain_v those_o estate_n till_o they_o be_v reimburse_v but_o such_o estate_n shall_v be_v bind_v and_o mortgage_v for_o their_o payment_n 35._o all_o estate_n claim_n right_n etc._n etc._n that_o have_v be_v keep_v hide_v all_o movable_n immovables_n rent_n action_n debt_n etc._n etc._n which_o shall_v not_o have_v be_v seize_v upon_o by_o the_o treasury_n with_o good_a cognizance_n of_o cause_n before_o the_o day_n of_o the_o ratification_n of_o this_o treaty_n shall_v remain_v in_o the_o free_a disposition_n of_o the_o proprietary_n their_o heir_n