it is an invincible evidence of power when the greater number are by him preserved For the clearer understanding of this Suppose two Princes one whereof without all Law or provocation save that of his own exorbitant will sought the ruine of his people and bent all his intentions to destroy them the other used all industry care and diligence though they were ungrateful to preserve them should not the greatest power be judged to be in him the Protector C. Yes indeed M. What if he preserved but a greater part would you suppose him to be a more powerful Prince than the other C. Why not Truly both the more powerful and also the more merciful for if he could have saved all he would have saved all M. I do not think so where then is his justice for without it there can be no exercise of virtue for the punishment of and his severity unto a few doth exalt and magnifie his clemency to the rest C. I confess it but we must be circumspect least whilest we praise his clemency and augment his power we diminish his justice But if these attributes be equal in God then the number of the blessed and the number also of the damned are equal M. Such an equality is not to be required where there is neither debt nor merit here onely the true bounty the free mercy of God are discerned for God oweth to no man and it is lawful for him to do what he pleaseth with his own creature the work of his own hands and fashioned for his glory unless that the nature of all men especially that of a Prince should be more propense to clemency and pardon than addicted to punishment and revenge as God himself witnesseth of himself saying The Lord the Lord God merciful and gratious long-suffâ—ring and abundant in goodness and truth Now no motive is so prevalent as the promise of salvation to win souls to God nothing is so magnificent so princelike so highly liberal as to succour the afflicted to pardon the suppliant and to deliver men from dangers on the contrary nothing is more abject vile and deformed than to make the highest cruelty to cohabite with the greatest power C. If God loweth nothing to man why is it said in the 20. of Matthew that the Master of the house bid his Steward call the labourers and give to every one their hire Also our Lord Christ saith to those that suffer reproach and persecution for his Names sake Rejoyce and be exalted in joy for I say unto you great is your reward in Heaven M. Our Lord out of his meer goodness and benignity calleth that a reward or recompence which is the effect of his own liberality and this by the sequâ—l of that parable is manifest The good man of the house went out to seek labourers not they to seek him as he saith in Isaiah I am found of them that did not seek me I was made manifest to them that asked not after me He calleth them he hireth them he sendeth them he sendeth for them and he payeth them Some acknowledge the goodness of the Master and murmure not others complain using many objurgations taxe him of unjustice and boast their own works and day-labours all these the Lord thus satisfieth Friend I do thee no wrong didst thou not agree with me for a penny take what is thine and be gone I will give unto this last even as unto thee is it not lawful to do what I will with mine own aâ—t thou envious because I am good and libâ—ral What I pray thee do all these things import but the bounty of the Master of the house which is most plainly proved by those words that it was lawful for him to do with his own as bâ—st pleased him For he now calleth those things his which before he called by the name of a hire that we might understand his wonderful goodness for he adorneth his own gifts with the name of a reward that he might cherish and rowse up our sluggish natures to the lively performance of our duties For otherwise hath not the Lord stampt it as a Law saying when you have kept all the Commandments say of your selves You are but unprofitable servants for you have pâ—rformed but your duty C. What is there intended by the word penny M. The penny signifieth the Covenant which he hath made with us offering to us life or death honour or ignominy felicity or misery All these things Life Honour Felicity are by his Fatherly indulgence promised to them that do not attribute them to their own works or merit but to the proud and such as boast of their own works as did the Jews or those that despaire of the loving kindness of God nothing is due but reproach and confusion For as Paul saith The wages of sin is death but the gift of God is everlasting life through Jesus Christ our Lord. C. Can life and death then be called a recompence or reward M. Yea life in reference to the promise death in respect of sin may be so called For reward beareth an indifferent signification and is appliable in good and bad things to good and bad men Of bad men and vain-boasters the Lord saith They have received their reward And this is the same which the good man of the house saith Take what is thine and be gone Peter also saith That the wicked find the reward of their unrighteousness C. I now plainly perceive that the Doctrine which you raised from that Parable in our morning discourse is properly to be understood of the calling of the Jews if you please therefore pursue your purpose M. My purpose was to declare the infinit power of God by which we might conjecture of the largeness of his Church and Kingdom For if the Majesty of a King is best conspicuous in the abundance of riches in the multitude of people and a great number of Kingdoms Provinces and Nations we must necessarily conclude That the Kingdom of God who onely can be truely said to be powerful great and wonderful is much bigger than that tyranny of the devil For I will never call that Prince great who hath a great multitude of enemies but I will term him powerful to whom many pay subjection and in this I â—â—â—e Solomon on my side In the multitude of the people saith he is the Kings honour but in the scarcity of men is the destruction of a Prince C. This cannot be denyed when those things are abstracted from persons and â—lmes but when I consider them more nearly and look upon them in the lives and customs of men I confess I am puzled what to think for do you not see that Satan doth possess the greatest part of the world which as John saith is covered with evil therefore not without cause is the devil called The Prince of this world and lord thereof M. What my CAELIUS Know you not that John saith Judge not according to appearance but judge righteous judgement
straiten and preclude the passage into that kingdom Thus by crafty enticement he beguiled our first parents and had not the wisdom and great goodness of God intervened all mankind had perished in their fall But no violence no power no fraudulencie of Hell can nullifie the eternal decrees of God His purpose therefore hath still taken effect and in all ages his Church hath been enlarged according to the predetermination of his good pleasure nor could the seed of God be scattered and lost by all the oppositions of the Devil That Anti-God considereth this and applies his malice to new stratagems amongst others spreads this opinion of the small number of the Elect and the ineffable multitude of the damned among those that are commonly called the wiser sort of men From hence came those verses Omnibus in terris quae sunt à Gadibus usque Ad Gangen pauci dignoscere possunt vera bona Also Rari quippe boni numero vix sunt totidem Quot Thebarum portae vel divitis ostia Nili Another Authour also saith The number of fools is infinite these words are commonly quoted as out of Salomon in his Ecclesiastes yet let the Text be rightly weighed and Cicero must own the saying Another saith All things are full of folly Which speeches fall from such men who think none good none wise none happy but themselves Plato in his book to Phaedon the Philosopher is more moderate for he saith Few men are extreamly good or bad but most men are of a midling iniquitie so likewise the extremities of all things are few and rare as very little or very great very white or very black very swift or very slow but the indifferencies are many and frequent Now if you compare the number of the best men with that of the tolerably good this last number will infinitely exceed the other C. It is even as you say And verily this Philosopher hath ever seemed to me more Religious than the rest But those others I take to be such men as a couple which were lately amongst us when they met in the street and had saluted one another quoth the one I tell thee John there are but two honest men in all our Citie and I assure thee replied the other I think George thou art one of them and truly John saith he thou art the other M. They knibbled one another like horses But I return to that serpent who by little and little rigled himself and insinuated into the judgement of wise men and by subtile extenuations and malicious diminutions gave them to understand that the mercy of God and the goodness of God to mankind was not so great as was imagined That God was good and merciful was undenyable truth but withall he was just and a most severe revenger of offences and transgressions Two wayes he devised to instil this perswasion one from witnesses another from signes and causes His witnesses were those who wrested the fore-mentioned places of Scripture which by the blessing of God we have so far vindicated that hereafter they will not be able to alledge the least matter of moment in opposition His causes are the actions and bad deeds of men which that experienced deceiver doth use to term so And these nets he spreadeth with such diligent and cunning artifice that truely it is no hard matter to fall into them nay it is a most difficult thing to avoid them for thus he encroacheth upon the understanding Wilt thou know O man the truth of thy salvation or damnation and not onely of thine but of all others Contemplate the inclinations the studies the meditations the pursuits the actions of men which are the causes of eternal happiness or eternal misery if the actions be good of salvation if bad of condemnation Now look about thee judge the trees by their fruits and thou wilt easily discern how few they are that keep the commandments and observe the multisarious parts of righteousness how small and contemptible number there is of good men how vast a multitude of wicked men and unjust Wherefore dispelling all doubts and hesitations thus conclude If good works are the inerrable signs of Salvation and wicked actions the infallible causes of everlasting desolation it follows by unavoydable consequence That small is the number of the Elect infinite the number of Reprobates C. O old Serpent O hellish monster compacted of malice and deceit I am afraid too many wise men of this world have been tutord and disciplined by this Sophister whom I have often heard to knit and interweave thus their Fallacies and Sophismes M. Do you doubt it there is nothing more sure than they are taught and instructed by him who seperate themselves from the Communion and fellowship of other Christians as if they onely were Religious and Holy but all other men execrable profane and reprobates For this opinion had its first spring from the Philosophers afterwards by degrees it got a slide into the unwarie perswasion of Christians C. I make no doubt of that But I would now know how to be unintangled from these fallacies M. First I would grant all those things that God is most just that no man perfectly worketh righteousness or fulfilleth the Law in all its requisites and therefore that by nature or the observation of the Commandments no man is justified Eminent is that saying There is none that doth good no not one Also John saith There is none good but God onely But I would remember also that God the Father hath transferred all our iniquities which was his goodness and the universal punishment due to our sins upon the obedience of Christ as Isaiah teacheth He was wounded for our transgressions he was bruised for our iniquities the chastisement of our peace was upon him and with his stripes we are healed All we like sheep have gone astray and have turned every one to his own way and the Lord hath laid on him the iniquity of us all This also the Father himself testifieth saying This is my beloved Son in whom I am well pleased The Son also attests it I lay down my life for my sheep Then I would deny the antecedent of the connexed words I would answer That good works are not the causes of Salvation but the purpose of God and his everlasting mercy in Jesus Christ comprehended by faith I would also answer that wicked actions are not simply and absolutely the causes of damnation but diffidence unbelief and pertinacy As the Lord saith in the 16. of John The spirit must reprove the world of sin because they did not believe in him As Paul also saith Through unbelief the branches are broken off also That God hath shut up all men under unbelief that he might have mercy upon all both Jews and Gentiles And because I have faith in God and embrace his mercy and am delighted in the Law of the Most High though the appetite and vitious nature of the outward man resist and gainsay yet I
the more good it is C. I have often heard it and alwayes took it for a rag of Philosophy M. Oh brother Caelius it is Divine for good and true are convertible terms and of whomsoever predicated whether of Moses or Cicero Paul or Plato yet they flow from God whose nature and essence is good and true and because as you said whatsoever he willeth is good and just and that it pleaseth him to be called rich in mercy certainly this must appear in the glorious salvation of many men otherwise why doth David sing out the earth is full of the mercies of God and why is he called the Father of mercies and the God of all consolation O the blind envy of some men that would abridge contract and engross this goodness to some few peâ—sons O the ingratitude of others that indeavour to traduce and calumniate the benignity of God as if he were some Tyrant or merciless destroyer Some perhaps are still diffident and require an indubitable sign that may remove and banish all hesitation behold the greatest pledge the firmest security even Christ Jesus the son of God upon whose coming God set sorth a Declaration of his Love for him hath he sent into the world and upon him hath he cast the burthen of all our iniquities Isaiah the 53. and again behold the Lord shall give you a sign a Virgin shall conceive and bear a Son and his name shall be called Emanuel This is that sign which we read of in the 12. of Matthew An evil and an adulterous gâ—neration seeketh a sign but no sign shall be given them save onely that of the Prophet Jonas to wit the death of Christ and his rising again the third day What greater significancy of love could the Lord exhibit to miserable mankind than to send his Son his onely Son to be the reconciliation for our transgressions or who now can scruple the amplitude the immensity of this goodness this Love this mercy how shall we be able with the Saints to know and comprehend the height the depth the length the breadth of this mercy it is necessarie that the Love of Christ be the greatest of all other not onely in respect of the magnitude but also the multitude of sinners otherwise we should disrobe and denudate it of its proper dimensions and who now will be so rashly bold to say that the benefit of so much love and so great goodness should be confined to a paucity of men for my part I think no man can harbour such a thought without a guilt of sacriledge what did he not deliver the greater part of the world from their wickednesses when he prayed unto his Father upon the Cross to forgive those Jews and Aliens which were the complotters and contrivers of his death Father saith he forgive them for they know not what they do and he said rightly they know not what they doe for had they known saith Paul they had never crucified the Lord of life 1. Cor. 2. Now if Princes Magistrates and many others as Peter witnesseth in the 3. of the Acts killed him through imprudence what shall we think of all the world beside of them that had and have at this day just causes of invincible ignorance Shall we exclude all these from the kingdom of God We cannot certainly if we diligently contemplate the nature and goodness of God if we think upon the clemency of our Lord Christ and what he required of us for he prayeth for all them that sinned through imprudence and infirmity Neither did he pray in vain Paul who at first was a persecutour and a contumelious sinner saith Notwithstanding that he obtained mercy because he did it ignorantly in unbelief And then he addeth This is a faithfull saying and worthie of all acceptation that Christ Jesus came into the world to save sinners of which I am Chief Howbeit for this cause I obtained mercy that to me first Jesus Christ might shew forth all long-suffering for a patern to them which should hereafter believe on him to life everlasting And did not God demonstrate this before to Jonas Who was grieved that he would spare Niniveh and destroy his Gourd that did shed him from the violence of the heat therefore God saith unto him And hast thou pitty on the Gourd for which thou hast not laboured neither madest it grow which sprang up in one night and perished in one night and should not I spare Nineveh that great City wherein are more than sixscore thousand persons thaâ— cannot discern between their right hand and their left hand and also much cattel Here we plainly see the most benign and merciful God doth spare a multitude and avert the present punishment of his severity because of their ignorance And shall we imagine that he who remitteth a temporal judgement because of unadvised actions and involuntary sins will inflict an eternal mulct or that he judgeth the death of the body to be greater than the destruction of the soul Ignorance doubtless hath some excuse especially if it be not tainted with fraud or malice C. This indeed is not denied yet they say that Christ died indeed for all meritoriously but for a few onely effectually because few onely do expect that advantage and benefit of Salvation by his death and very few are found worthy of that incomparable treasure of his satisfaction Therefore he is not blame-worthy who offered himself liberally for all men but they are to be condemned who refused this propitiation M. Oh how many errours are contained in those few words for as Epâ—curus that he might not offend the Athenians outwardly acknowledged a God but in judgement denied him so these men in words confess the death of Christ but deny the power of it For when the Epicureans durst not deny the Gods yet they denied a Providence which is inseparably conjoyned to the nature of God and so by consequence they denied God but more modestly and covertly and are not these men guilty of the same prevarication They teach that Christ died for all men and affirm at the same time that the benefit of his death doth concern very few men What is this but to deny the virtue of his passion the glory of his obedience to say that men can abolish the energy force and effect of his divine love St. Paul saith far otherwise when with so much gravity and mellifluous plenty he doth aver that no force is able to separate us from the love of God which he hath manifested unto us in Christ Jesus Who shall lay any thing to the charge of Gods Elect it is God that justifieth who is he that condemneth it is Christ that died yea rather that is risen again who is even at the right hand of God who also maketh intercession for us Who shalâ— then separate us from the love in Christ Rom. 8. Me thinks they that are so peremptory in the defence of that Opinion that Christs bloud was sprinkled only upon