do_v decrease_v and_o it_o be_v his_o expense_n do_v become_v great_a or_o surmount_v his_o income_n and_o revenue_n this_o kind_n of_o equality_n be_v interrupt_v and_o overthrow_v by_o the_o merchandize_v exchange_n as_o in_o the_o treatise_n of_o the_o canker_n of_o england_n commonwealth_n be_v declare_v for_o as_o all_o the_o trade_n and_o traffic_v between_o we_o and_o other_o nation_n be_v perform_v by_o three_o simple_n namely_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n so_o as_o we_o have_v prove_v be_v the_o course_n of_o exchange_n be_v abuse_v become_v predominant_a and_o overrule_a the_o course_n of_o money_n and_o commodity_n whereby_o the_o wealth_n of_o the_o realm_n do_v decrease_v and_o this_o wealth_n can_v proper_o increase_v but_o two_o manner_n of_o way_n namely_o by_o bring_v of_o money_n and_o bullion_n into_o the_o realm_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n which_o be_v not_o buy_v for_o our_o money_n or_o barter_v by_o way_n of_o permutation_n for_o our_o commodity_n and_o 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to_o set_v down_o and_o the_o answer_n also_o which_o master_n john_n bodine_n the_o great_a politician_n or_o commonwealth_n man_n of_o france_n have_v make_v thereunto_o together_o with_o my_o explication_n thereof_o and_o replication_n to_o his_o answer_n whereby_o the_o truth_n will_v appear_v and_o how_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v of_o for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonweal_n the_o first_o paradox_n to_o complain_v of_o the_o general_a dearth_n of_o all_o thing_n in_o france_n be_v without_o cause_n see_v that_o there_o be_v nothing_o grow_v dearer_o these_o three_o hundred_o year_n the_o second_o paradox_n there_o be_v much_o to_o be_v lose_v upon_o a_o crown_n or_o any_o other_o money_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n albeit_o one_o do_v give_v the_o same_o in_o payment_n at_o the_o price_n he_o do_v receive_v the_o same_o since_o that_o the_o ancient_a permutation_n say_v he_o have_v be_v change_v in_o buy_v and_o sell_v and_o that_o the_o first_o riches_n of_o man_n 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french_a crown_n of_o the_o sun_n now_o be_v then_o worth_a but_o twenty_o sol_n tournois_fw-fr which_o for_o the_o better_a understanding_n be_v value_v according_a to_o the_o common_a computation_n of_o ten_o sol_n for_o a_o shilling_n starling_n be_v two_o shilling_n in_o those_o day_n say_v he_o the_o french_a ell_n or_o yard_n of_o velvet_n be_v worth_a four_o liver_n which_o be_v four_o crown_n or_o 8_o shilling_n starling_n the_o say_a yard_n of_o velvet_n do_v now_o cost_v ten_o liver_n or_o twenty_o shilling_n and_o the_o french_a crown_n which_o be_v then_o value_v at_o two_o shilling_n be_v now_o value_v at_o fifty_o sol_n or_o five_o shilling_n so_o that_o four_o crown_n do_v make_v the_o say_v 20_o shilling_n yet_o the_o say_a french_a crown_n do_v contain_v no_o more_o in_o gold_n in_o weight_n or_o in_o fineness_n then_o before_o whereby_o there_o
that_o it_o will_v make_v now_o with_o we_o 27_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n the_o ounce_n of_o silver_n be_v esteem_v at_o five_o shilling_n which_o then_o be_v but_o at_o twenty_o penny_n edward_n the_o three_o make_v many_o good_a law_n to_o keep_v the_o treasure_n within_o the_o realm_n and_o for_o the_o advancement_n of_o his_o home_n commodity_n and_o have_v a_o great_a care_n that_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n shall_v not_o over-ballaunce_a his_o home_n commodity_n know_v that_o if_o he_o pay_v more_o for_o they_o than_o he_o make_v of_o his_o commodity_n the_o difference_n must_v be_v make_v up_o and_o balance_v with_o the_o treasure_n or_o money_n of_o the_o realm_n for_o have_v bring_v the_o work_n and_o make_v of_o cloth_n into_o the_o realm_n he_o do_v devise_v by_o all_o mean_n to_o find_v vent_n for_o the_o same_o observe_v a_o due_a course_n for_o to_o prevent_v the_o transportation_n of_o his_o money_n and_o that_o the_o true_a value_n of_o his_o money_n may_v be_v answer_v by_o exchange_n with_o the_o money_n of_o other_o country_n and_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o same_o course_n of_o exchange_n can_v not_o be_v do_v by_o a_o multitude_n of_o people_n so_o convenient_o the_o most_o part_n be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o true_a value_n of_o the_o money_n of_o other_o country_n he_o do_v appoint_v and_o ordain_v a_o exchanger_n who_o do_v make_v exchaunge_n with_o all_o man_n for_o foreign_a part_n according_a to_o value_v for_o value_n and_o specie_fw-la for_o specie_fw-la proceed_v in_o all_o thing_n most_o orderly_o as_o may_v appear_v also_o by_o that_o a_o sack_n of_o wool_n contain_v 13_o tod_n according_a to_o the_o lunar_a month_n of_o the_o year_n every_o tod_n 4_o nail_n for_o the_o 4_o week_n to_o the_o month_n and_o so_o 52_o week_n in_o the_o year_n every_o nail_n 7_o pound_n to_o the_o 7_o day_n of_o the_o week_n and_o so_o 28_o day_n for_o the_o month_n as_o 28_o pound_n for_o a_o tod_n and_o in_o all_o 364_o pound_n for_o so_o many_o day_n 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into_o the_o realm_n to_o buy_v his_o commodity_n which_o he_o know_v to_o be_v staple_n commodity_n and_o of_o great_a request_n as_o be_v most_o necessary_a for_o the_o use_n of_o man_n he_o do_v inhibit_v they_o the_o buy_n of_o any_o unless_o they_o become_v bind_v in_o recognizance_n not_o to_o carry_v any_o to_o the_o place_n where_o his_o subject_n keep_v their_o mart_n and_o do_v so_o qualify_v the_o course_n of_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n as_o he_o leave_v a_o incredible_a wealth_n and_o treasure_n in_o those_o day_n when_o the_o west_n indies_n be_v but_o new_o discover_v and_o a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n but_o value_v at_o 40_o penny_n henry_n the_o 8_o in_o the_o 18_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n perceive_v the_o price_n of_o money_n continual_o to_o rise_v beyond_o the_o sea_n after_o remission_n make_v unto_o the_o archduke_n of_o burgundy_n and_o no_o reformation_n ensue_v cause_v the_o angel_n noble_a to_o be_v value_v from_o 6_o shilling_n 8_o penny_n unto_o 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dishonour_n of_o the_o king_n reputation_n see_v that_o the_o estate_n of_o a_o prince_n do_v as_o much_o consist_v by_o reputation_n as_o by_o strength_n wherefore_o like_o good_a politician_n do_v advise_v the_o king_n to_o embase_v his_o money_n which_o will_v cause_v the_o same_o not_o to_o be_v transport_v and_o the_o plate_n to_o be_v of_o course_n convert_v into_o money_n which_o be_v do_v according_o and_o have_v also_o that_o effect_n save_v that_o where_o they_o think_v money_n will_v not_o be_v transport_v they_o find_v themselves_o deceive_v for_o the_o course_n of_o exchange_n be_v not_o look_v into_o by_o they_o which_o do_v cause_v a_o gain_n to_o be_v have_v upon_o the_o money_n and_o so_o long_o as_o the_o gain_n remain_v it_o be_v still_o transport_v whereby_o at_o last_o he_o lose_v the_o plate_n of_o
use_n of_o melt_a or_o transportation_n and_o to_o pay_v out_o the_o light_a one_o especial_o in_o silver_n counterfeiter_n washer_n and_o falsifier_n of_o money_n will_v be_v soon_o detect_v and_o the_o false_a money_n know_v when_o piece_n of_o one_o sort_n shall_v be_v of_o one_o bigness_n and_o thickness_n and_o of_o one_o sound_n and_o fairness_n of_o stamp_n with_o their_o private_a mark_n for_o the_o time_n the_o thickness_n will_v be_v see_v the_o weight_n will_v be_v find_v and_o the_o sound_n will_v be_v hear_v by_o compare_v one_o piece_n to_o another_o especial_o when_o the_o redness_n or_o colour_n of_o the_o money_n do_v give_v suspicion_n that_o the_o same_o be_v counterfeit_v for_o there_o be_v great_a difference_n in_o the_o lump_n of_o metal_n of_o equal_a weight_n as_o we_o may_v partly_o perceive_v and_o be_v exact_o find_v by_o the_o last_o trial_n make_v thereof_o the_o mass_n or_o lump_n of_o gold_n to_o the_o lump_n of_o silver_n do_v differ_v as_o much_o as_o 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use_v in_o tavern_n and_o by_o such_o as_o sell_v small_a ware_n will_v be_v take_v away_o and_o will_v be_v very_o commodious_a in_o so_o populous_a a_o kingdom_n be_v make_v exact_o to_o prevent_v counterfeit_v which_o general_o we_o do_v hold_v so_o difficult_a to_o be_v do_v as_o be_v the_o counterfeit_n of_o the_o hand_n of_o a_o excellent_a writer_n among_o the_o ordinary_a write_n of_o most_o man_n and_o the_o make_v thereof_o can_v breed_v no_o inconvenience_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n in_o the_o price_n of_o commodity_n whereas_o some_o prince_n do_v use_v to_o coin_v some_o money_n for_o to_o remain_v within_o their_o dominion_n &_o some_o other_o kind_n of_o money_n for_o to_o be_v transport_v into_o other_o country_n reap_v a_o great_a gain_n by_o the_o coinage_n thereof_o and_o omit_v to_o show_v the_o important_a cause_n and_o reason_n which_o prince_n have_v to_o maintain_v a_o stand_a treasure_n we_o do_v not_o hold_v it_o impertinent_a to_o reduce_v to_o memory_n that_o which_o be_v record_v of_o the_o treasure_n of_o prince_n in_o time_n past_a to_o awaken_v care_n in_o other_o the_o great_a mean_n that_o the_o roman_n have_v to_o save_v their_o state_n when_o hannibal_n have_v almost_o bring_v they_o to_o ruin_v be_v 450_o thousand_o crown_n that_o the_o treasure_n do_v amount_v unto_o which_o be_v gather_v by_o the_o redemption_n of_o slave_n and_o never_o touch_v until_o that_o time_n pope_n john_n the_o 22._o leave_v 23_o million_o of_o gold_n sardanapalus_n 40_o million_o of_o crown_n cirus_n 50_o million_o the_o athenian_n 60_o million_o tiberius_n the_o emperor_n 67_o million_o alexander_n the_o great_a find_v in_o the_o treasury_n of_o darius_n occhus_n the_o persian_a king_n 80_o million_o but_o the_o great_a treasure_n mention_v in_o the_o scripture_n which_o king_n david_n leave_v be_v 120_o million_o which_o do_v exceed_v far_o the_o treasure_n record_v of_o the_o roman_n when_o they_o flourish_v most_o under_o trajan_n the_o 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have_v ample_o declare_v and_o prove_v that_o when_o the_o exchange_n do_v fall_v or_o rise_v in_o price_n the_o same_o be_v either_o high_a or_o low_a it_o turn_v every_o way_n to_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o realm_n both_o for_o the_o price_n of_o our_o home_n commodity_n and_o the_o transportation_n of_o our_o money_n and_o by_o advance_v the_o price_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n cause_v a_o overbalancing_a in_o nature_n before_o allege_v which_o to_o supply_v draw_v or_o expel_v our_o treasure_n for_o we_o do_v in_o effect_n give_v the_o same_o to_o boot_n unto_o other_o nation_n with_o our_o home_n commodity_n to_o have_v their_o commodity_n for_o it_o some_o man_n of_o judgement_n have_v find_v my_o writing_n to_o be_v invective_n and_o pathetical_a against_o banker_n wherein_o they_o be_v not_o mistake_v for_o the_o use_n of_o bank_n be_v incompatible_a in_o any_o well_o order_v commonwealth_n as_o time_n will_v manifest_v more_o and_o more_o daily_o the_o french_a king_n lewis_z the_o 9_o and_o philip_z the_o fair_a do_v with_o great_a cause_n confiscate_v the_o banker_n good_n and_o for_o the_o discovery_n of_o their_o debt_n order_v their_o subject_n to_o pay_v only_o the_o principal_a money_n unto_o their_o treasurer_n philip_n de_fw-fr valois_n do_v the_o like_a and_o indict_v they_o as_o cousener_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n for_o it_o be_v find_v that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n with_o 24_o thousand_o pound_n starling_n they_o have_v accumulate_v and_o get_v above_o 2_o million_o 400_o thousand_o pound_n other_o which_o through_o envy_n malice_n or_o other_o passion_n have_v the_o eye_n of_o their_o judgement_n blind_v have_v censure_v my_o writing_n to_o be_v apologetical_a for_o the_o erection_n of_o a_o bank_n under_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o restauration_n of_o the_o office_n of_o the_o ancient_a king_n exchanger_n which_o
england_n view_n in_o the_o unmask_n of_o two_o paradox_n with_o a_o replication_n unto_o the_o answer_n of_o master_n john_n bodine_n by_o gerrard_n de_fw-fr malynes_n merchant_n opposita_fw-la iuxta_fw-la se_fw-la posita_fw-la magis_fw-la apparent_a anchora_fw-la spei_fw-la london_n print_v by_o richard_n field_n 1603._o to_o the_o right_n honourable_a sir_n thomas_n sackuile_n baron_n of_o buckhurst_n lord_n high_a treasurer_n of_o england_n knight_n of_o the_o most_o noble_a order_n of_o the_o garter_n and_o one_o of_o the_o lord_n of_o her_o majesty_n most_o honourable_a privy_a council_n g._n de_fw-fr m._n wish_v all_o health_n increase_n of_o honour_n and_o everlasting_a happiness_n these_o two_o paradox_n right_a honourable_a have_v be_v present_v unto_o the_o french_a king_n as_o a_o mean_a to_o qualify_v the_o general_a complaint_n of_o the_o dearth_n of_o thing_n in_o france_n by_o prove_v that_o nothing_o be_v grow_v dear_a in_o three_o hundred_o year_n be_v answer_v by_o the_o famous_a m._n john_n bodine_n who_o dedicate_v his_o answer_n unto_o the_o precedent_n of_o the_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n of_o france_n as_o a_o matter_n of_o great_a consequence_n and_o considerable_a in_o the_o government_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n hence_o proceed_v that_o resolution_n which_o embolden_v i_o to_o present_v unto_o your_o lordship_n the_o substance_n of_o both_o their_o write_n with_o all_o their_o argument_n and_o propound_a remedy_n to_o the_o end_n that_o in_o the_o balance_n of_o your_o grave_a wisdom_n they_o may_v be_v weigh_v with_o my_o replication_n thereunto_o show_v how_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v of_o for_o the_o good_a of_o a_o commonwealth_n your_o honour_n judgement_n shall_v easy_o perceive_v that_o the_o paradox_n be_v opposite_a and_o do_v contradict_v one_o another_o beside_o the_o slender_a and_o weak_a ground_n of_o their_o foundation_n as_o also_o that_o master_n bodine_n have_v mistake_v the_o true_a ground_n of_o the_o matter_n by_o compare_v the_o price_n of_o thing_n within_o themselves_o in_o a_o commonwealth_n whereas_o the_o comparison_n must_v be_v between_o the_o home_n commodity_n of_o one_o commonwealth_n and_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n of_o other_o nation_n and_o that_o either_o by_o way_n of_o permutation_n of_o commodity_n for_o commodity_n or_o by_o commodity_n for_o money_n in_o specie_fw-la or_o by_o exchange_n so_o that_o a_o due_a consideration_n must_v be_v have_v of_o the_o course_n of_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n which_o be_v the_o essential_a part_n of_o all_o trade_n and_o traffic_v wherein_o must_v be_v consider_v the_o end_n of_o all_o merchant_n which_o be_v gaine_n and_o profit_n at_o which_o scope_n they_o aim_v according_a to_o their_o profession_n and_o practice_n some_o by_o commodity_n some_o by_o money_n some_o by_o exchange_n some_o by_o all_o three_o or_o that_o which_o yield_v they_o most_o gain_v for_o as_o money_n do_v rule_v the_o course_n of_o commodity_n so_o the_o exchange_n for_o money_n do_v both_o rule_n the_o course_n of_o money_n and_o commodity_n by_o the_o disorder_n whereof_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o riches_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n do_v so_o much_o decrease_v as_o it_o be_v not_o always_o in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o wise_a that_o have_v the_o manage_n of_o the_o government_n thereof_o to_o make_v choice_n of_o the_o best_a and_o to_o banish_v the_o worst_a but_o must_v not_o only_o obey_v the_o tempest_n and_o strike_v sail_n but_o also_o cast_v over_o board_n some_o precious_a thing_n to_o save_v the_o ship_n and_o bring_v it_o into_o a_o safe_a port_n and_o afterward_o by_o degree_n overcome_v great_a thing_n change_v the_o estate_n thereof_o from_o evil_a to_o good_a and_o from_o good_a to_o better_v which_o otherwise_o may_v have_v be_v prevent_v in_o the_o begin_n by_o remove_v the_o cause_n thereof_o to_o your_o most_o honourable_a judgement_n i_o refer_v the_o consideration_n of_o all_o and_o pray_v the_o almighty_a to_o have_v your_o honour_n in_o his_o divine_a protection_n and_o so_o in_o all_o humility_n i_o take_v leave_n london_n this_o 16._o of_o januarie_n 1603._o your_o lordship_n most_o humble_a and_o in_o all_o duty_n bind_v gerrard_n de_fw-fr malynes_n england_n view_n a_o sentence_n allege_v without_o application_n to_o some_o purpose_n be_v to_o handle_v a_o matter_n without_o conclusion_n and_o he_o that_o will_v attribute_v unto_o any_o man_n the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o essential_a part_n ground_n or_o pillar_n of_o any_o science_n must_v make_v apparent_a proof_n thereof_o otherwise_o his_o assertion_n be_v like_a cloud_n and_o wind_n without_o rain_n or_o like_o a_o arrow_n shoot_v at_o random_n quòd_fw-la oportet_fw-la patremfamilias_a vendacem_fw-la esse_fw-la non_fw-la emacem_fw-la be_v a_o worthy_a sentence_n to_o be_v due_o execute_v of_o all_o good_a householder_n or_o father_n of_o family_n especial_o of_o prince_n that_o be_v the_o father_n of_o the_o great_a family_n of_o commonweal_n who_o as_o justinian_n say_v be_v to_o provide_v careful_o for_o the_o two_o season_n namely_o the_o time_n of_o war_n when_o arm_n be_v necessary_a and_o the_o time_n of_o peace_n more_o fit_v wholesome_a law_n in_o both_o which_o it_o can_v proper_o be_v say_v that_o the_o office_n of_o a_o prince_n be_v whole_o employ_v about_o the_o government_n of_o the_o person_n of_o man_n and_o of_o thing_n convenient_a and_o fit_a for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o humane_a society_n according_a to_o the_o definition_n of_o the_o heathen_n but_o rather_o in_o the_o observation_n of_o religion_n towards_o god_n and_o administration_n of_o justice_n towards_o man_n the_o one_o teach_v we_o especial_o of_o the_o life_n to_o come_v &_o the_o other_o how_o we_o shall_v live_v in_o this_o life_n religion_n do_v knit_v and_o unite_v the_o spirit_n of_o man_n whereby_o they_o live_v obedient_o in_o unity_n peace_n and_o concord_n and_o justice_n be_v as_o a_o measure_n ordain_v by_o god_n among_o man_n to_o defend_v the_o feeble_a from_o the_o mighty_a hence_o proceed_v that_o the_o cause_n of_o sedition_n and_o civil_a war_n be_v the_o denial_n of_o justice_n oppression_n of_o the_o common-people_n inequal_a distribution_n of_o reward_n and_o punishment_n the_o exceed_a riches_n of_o a_o small_a number_n the_o extreme_a poverty_n of_o many_o the_o overgreat_a idleness_n of_o the_o subject_n and_o the_o not_o punish_v of_o offender_n which_o bring_v destruction_n of_o commonweal_n religion_n do_v teach_v the_o fear_n of_o god_n which_o make_v a_o good_a man_n and_o be_v indeed_o the_o beginning_n of_o a_o prince_n for_o since_o prince_n reign_v by_o wisdom_n and_o that_o the_o fear_n of_o god_n be_v the_o beginning_n thereof_o we_o must_v conclude_v that_o it_o be_v the_o beginning_n also_o of_o a_o virtuous_a and_o wise_a prince_n now_o as_o prince_n reign_v by_o god_n so_o must_v they_o be_v direct_v by_o he_o yea_o they_o reign_v best_a and_o long_a that_o serve_v he_o best_a and_o most_o serve_v he_o they_o can_v but_o according_a to_o his_o will_n and_o his_o will_n be_v not_o know_v but_o by_o his_o word_n and_o law_n which_o make_v the_o prophet_n david_n to_o meditate_v therein_o day_n and_o night_n prefer_v the_o cause_n of_o faith_n or_o religion_n before_o temporal_a commodity_n and_o this_o be_v proper_o the_o first_o and_o chief_a point_n that_o the_o prince_n be_v to_o regard_v whereunto_o the_o other_o be_v annex_v and_o do_v depend_v upon_o for_o as_o justice_n be_v administer_v and_o prescribe_v by_o law_n and_o custom_n so_o reason_n require_v that_o this_o gradation_n shall_v be_v observe_v concern_v all_o law_n that_o even_o as_o the_o will_n contract_n or_o testament_n of_o particular_a man_n can_v derogate_v the_o ordinance_n of_o the_o magistrate_n and_o the_o order_n of_o the_o magistrate_n can_v abolish_v custom_n nor_o the_o custom_n can_v abridge_v the_o general_a law_n of_o a_o absolute_a prince_n 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realm_n
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