can_v never_o learn_v he_o enter_v into_o a_o alliance_n with_o jaroâ—â—_n marriage_n duke_n of_o russia_n son_n to_o vlodomirus_fw-la and_o 〈◊〉_d ry_v his_o sister_n mary_n afterward_o call_v doâ—â—neva_n who_o mother_n be_v the_o princess_n 〈◊〉_d sister_n to_o basil_n and_o constantine_n emperoun_n constantinople_n he_o conquer_v the_o province_n of_o masoâ—â—_n war_n where_o now_o lie_v warsaw_n and_o defeat_v â—â—_o army_n of_o maslaus_n than_o duke_n of_o that_o coâ—â—try_n who_o retire_v among_o the_o neighbourâ—â—_n barbarian_n not_o long_o after_o return_v 〈◊〉_d great_a force_n and_o ravage_v masoviaâ—â—_n â—â—_z along_o to_o the_o vistula_n but_o be_v soon_o meet_v 〈◊〉_d overthrow_v a_o second_o time_n by_o casimir_n whâ—â—_n fly_v to_o his_o friend_n as_o he_o think_v that_o 〈◊〉_d assist_v he_o they_o take_v flay_v and_o fasten_v 〈◊〉_d to_o a_o exceed_a high_a cross_n say_v 34._o that_o be_v but_o just_a that_o he_o shall_v be_v exalt_v who_o aâ—â—_n tion_n be_v so_o boundless_a afterward_o casimir_n beiâ—â—_n mindful_a of_o the_o benefit_n he_o former_o receiuâ—â—_n in_o the_o abbey_n of_o clunie_n send_v thither_o great_a prâ—â—sents_n and_o offering_n at_o length_n this_o good_a king_n have_v settle_a hâ—â—_n issue_n kingdom_n in_o its_o former_a tranquillity_n die_v and_o leave_v three_o son_n boleslaus_n vladislaus_n and_o miâ—â—cistaus_n and_o one_o daughter_n suentochna_n he_o be_v â—â—yed_v at_o posnan_n in_o the_o year_n 1058._o 1059._o boleslaus_n ii_o his_o son_n surname_v the_o d_o succeed_v he_o who_o reign_v 23_o year_n n_o the_o beginning_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o have_v war_n war_n â—â—h_v the_o hungarian_n bohemian_n russian_n and_o â—â—ssians_n all_o cause_v by_o the_o protect_a of_o three_o â—â—les_n he_o vigorous_o maintain_v the_o cause_n bela_n prince_n of_o hungary_n who_o be_v then_o marâ—â—d_v to_o his_o aunt_n and_o banish_v by_o king_n anâ—â—_n whereupon_o he_o dethrone_v andrew_n and_o â—â—wned_a bela_n king_n of_o hungary_n notwithstandâ—â—_n the_o considerable_a succour_n send_v to_o andrewâ—â—_n â—â—_z of_o germany_n and_o bohemia_n afterward_o reâ—â—ning_v into_o poland_n he_o marry_v viseslava_n marriage_n ughter_n and_o heiress_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o russia_n by_o they_o he_o have_v that_o dukedom_n for_o a_o portion_n 73._o towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o come_v very_o dissolute_a and_o lewd_a oppress_v the_o â—â—ple_n with_o extraordinary_a and_o insupportable_a x_n take_v away_o public_o gentleman_n die_n to_o satisfy_v his_o lust_n can_v not_o endure_v â—â—_o that_o take_v notice_n of_o his_o irregularity_n wish_v such_o as_o complain_v of_o his_o tyrannical_a vice_n government_n and_o at_o length_n kill_v stanislaus_n â—â—zepanovius_fw-la bishop_n of_o cracow_n for_o refuse_v â—â—_o the_o sacrament_n of_o the_o altar_n the_o manner_n which_o be_v thus_o boleslaus_n continue_v in_o enormous_a crime_n and_o extravagancy_n this_o odd_a man_n earnest_o entreat_v he_o to_o amend_v life_n but_o perceive_v his_o obstinacy_n one_o y_o he_o refuse_v he_o the_o communion_n which_o be_v prince_n be_v high_o offend_v at_o watch_v a_o opportunity_n to_o revenge_n and_o a_o little_a while_n after_o as_o the_o bishop_n be_v officiate_a at_o mass_n he_o give_v he_o such_o a_o blow_n with_o his_o sabre_n that_o he_o make_v his_o brain_n fly_v against_o the_o wall_n and_o afterward_o his_o guard_n enter_v cut_v the_o good_a bishop_n to_o piece_n hereupon_o he_o be_v soon_o pursue_v with_o vatican_n thunder_n and_o consequent_o render_v odious_a to_o his_o subject_n wherefore_o fear_v some_o conspiracy_n may_v be_v kingdom_n raise_v against_o he_o he_o leave_v his_o kingdom_n and_o retire_v with_o his_o son_n miecislaus_fw-la which_o he_o have_v by_o his_o queen_n viseslava_n to_o ladislaus_n king_n of_o hungary_n where_o it_o be_v report_v that_o out_o of_o death_n mere_a madness_n he_o afterward_o kill_v himself_o this_o bishop_n stanislaus_n be_v canonize_v by_o pope_n gregory_n vii_o and_o have_v all_o along_o from_o thence_o poland_n be_v receive_v for_o the_o patron_n of_o poland_n the_o pope_n also_o excommunicate_v the_o whole_a country_n and_o boleslaus_n his_o successor_n be_v for_o a_o ceases_z considerable_a time_n 40._o deprive_v of_o the_o title_n of_o king_n next_o come_v 1082._o uladislaus_n hermannus_n brother_n to_o boleslaus_n to_o be_v elect_v who_o be_v afraid_a of_o the_o pope_n or_o else_o fear_v his_o brother_n return_n will_v only_o accept_v of_o the_o title_n of_o 45._o prince_n he_o recall_v his_o nephew_n miecislaus_fw-la who_o die_v in_o six_o year_n after_o he_o build_v many_o church_n and_o monastery_n all_o which_o he_o rich_o endow_v this_o prince_n also_o bring_v over_o the_o rebellious_a war_n pomeranian_o and_o prussian_n and_o defeat_v likewise_o the_o army_n of_o vratislaus_n prince_n of_o bohemia_n who_o the_o emperor_n henry_n iv._o have_v dignify_v with_o the_o character_n of_o king_n give_v he_o moreover_o a_o right_n over_o poland_n though_o he_o have_v no_o title_n to_o dispose_v of_o it_o his_o predecessor_n otho_n iii_o when_o he_o crown_v boleslaus_n i._o king_n of_o poland_n have_v renounce_v both_o for_o himself_o and_o his_o successor_n all_o claim_n to_o that_o kingdom_n nay_o i_o hear_v the_o pole_n themselves_o say_v that_o this_o be_v rather_o a_o piece_n of_o civility_n in_o otho_n than_o any_o obligation_n upon_o they_o their_o country_n have_v never_o be_v conquer_v by_o any_o foreigner_n not_o even_o by_o the_o roman_n themselves_o marriage_n he_o marry_v judith_n daughter_n of_o vratislaus_n king_n of_o bohemia_n by_o who_o he_o have_v boleslaus_n iii_o surname_v krivoustus_n or_o the_o wry-mouthed_a and_o afterward_o by_o a_o daughter_n of_o the_o emperor_n henry_n iu._n he_o have_v three_o daughter_n he_o die_v death_n in_o the_o fifty_o year_n of_o his_o age_n be_v bury_v at_o ploscow_n and_o succeed_v by_o his_o son_n 1103._o boleslaus_n iii_o surname_v krivoustus_n or_o the_o wry-mouthed_a he_o be_v the_o most_o warlike_a and_o successful_a prince_n that_o poland_n ever_o have_v and_o at_o length_n subdue_v his_o bastard_n brother_n sbigneius_n that_o rebel_v war_n against_o he_o who_o at_o last_o he_o be_v force_v to_o cause_n to_o be_v 60._o murder_v but_o of_o all_o other_o his_o contest_v with_o the_o emperor_n henry_n v._o be_v most_o famous_a which_o be_v as_o follow_v this_o emperor_n have_v declare_v war_n against_o colomannus_n king_n of_o hungary_n and_o engage_v the_o bohemian_n on_o his_o side_n boleslaus_n join_v colomannus_n and_o to_o make_v a_o strong_a diversion_n enter_v bohemia_n and_o destroy_v the_o great_a part_n of_o that_o country_n whereupon_o to_o be_v revenge_v on_o boleslaus_n the_o emperor_n surprise_v the_o province_n of_o silesia_n and_o marchia_n which_o be_v then_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o pole_n and_o have_v be_v absolute_a master_n of_o they_o have_v not_o boleslaus_n speedy_o march_v with_o a_o army_n to_o oppose_v he_o who_o find_v his_o enemy_n much_o superior_a in_o number_n at_o first_o think_v it_o better_a to_o compose_v the_o matter_n amicable_o and_o therefore_o send_v a_o ambassador_n to_o treat_v of_o peace_n to_o which_o the_o emperor_n think_v he_o have_v the_o advantage_n will_v by_o no_o mean_n condescend_v except_o upon_o very_o dishonourable_a term_n for_o the_o pole_n 55._o and_o hereupon_o lead_v scarbicus_n the_o ambassador_n to_o see_v his_o treasure_n he_o tell_v he_o that_o that_o point_v to_o his_o gold_n will_v bring_v the_o pole_n to_o what_o term_n he_o please_v at_o which_o scarbicus_n be_v high_o affront_v take_v off_o a_o gold_n ring_n from_o his_o finger_n and_o throw_v it_o into_o the_o treasury_n say_v whatever_o be_v your_o imperial_a majesty_n opinion_n i_o do_v not_o question_v but_o the_o polish_v iron_n mean_v their_o sword_n will_v prove_v as_o good_a metal_n as_o the_o german_a gold_n which_o say_v he_o immediate_o take_v his_o leave_n and_o return_v to_o his_o master_n acquaint_v he_o with_o his_o negotiation_n which_o the_o haughty_a pole_n high_o resent_v resolve_v to_o hazard_v a_o battle_n which_o he_o do_v and_o by_o the_o bravery_n of_o his_o army_n obtain_v a_o signal_n victory_n in_o the_o dogsfield_n near_o breslaw_n chief_a city_n of_o silesia_n whereupon_o the_o emperor_n immediate_o strike_v up_o a_o peace_n with_o he_o give_v he_o marriage_n his_o sister_n adleida_n in_o marriage_n and_o his_o daughter_n christina_n to_o his_o young_a son_n vladislaus_n this_o prince_n force_v the_o pomeranian_o to_o the_o christian_a faith_n which_o they_o have_v often_o reject_v before_o the_o pole_n all_o this_o while_n be_v in_o possession_n of_o silesia_n but_o afterward_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n conquer_v it_o and_o therefore_o it_o consequent_o now_o be_v under_o the_o emperor_n 74._o it_o be_v report_v of_o this_o prince_n that_o he_o have_v fight_v forty_o seven_o battle_n with_o success_n except_o success_n one_o only_o with_o the_o red_a russian_n which_o be_v mere_o lose_v through_o the_o cowardice_n of_o a_o
part_n of_o the_o body_n desire_v to_o know_v what_o be_v proper_o death_n the_o school_n divinity_n maintain_v that_o death_n be_v a_o separation_n of_o the_o rational_a soul_n from_o the_o body_n i_o own_a indeed_o that_o in_o death_n the_o soul_n be_v actual_o separate_v from_o the_o body_n but_o i_o can_v not_o allow_v that_o that_o separation_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o death_n but_o that_o the_o death_n of_o the_o body_n be_v the_o cessation_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o of_o the_o spirit_n which_o cessation_n can_v not_o proceed_v from_o the_o separation_n of_o the_o soul_n since_o these_o dont_fw-fr at_o all_o depend_v upon_o it_o as_o i_o prove_v before_o but_o it_o be_v occasion_v by_o some_o defect_n in_o the_o organ_n and_o fluid_n of_o the_o body_n which_o lose_v their_o due_a disposition_n and_o their_o mutual_a correspondence_n with_o one_o another_o all_o their_o action_n cease_v which_o cessation_n be_v proper_o call_v death_n so_o that_o the_o soul_n find_v they_o incapable_a of_o receive_v its_o influence_n and_o of_o obey_v its_o command_n quit_v the_o body_n after_o it_o be_v dead_a by_o which_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o separation_n of_o the_o soul_n be_v not_o proper_o the_o cause_n of_o death_n but_o that_o the_o death_n of_o the_o body_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o separation_n the_o king_n himself_o illustrate_v this_o opinion_n with_o a_o familiar_a example_n of_o a_o organ_n and_o a_o organist_n while_o the_o organ_n be_v in_o their_o due_a order_n and_o symmetry_n the_o organist_n play_v upon_o they_o but_o when_o by_o length_n of_o time_n they_o be_v either_o break_v use_v too_o much_o or_o any_o other_o way_n quite_o put_v out_o of_o tune_n he_o leave_v off_o play_v on_o they_o this_o discourse_n my_o lord_n hold_v from_o three_o of_o the_o clock_n till_o seven_o and_o the_o divine_n be_v extreme_o warm_a in_o it_o and_o some_o of_o they_o have_v the_o boldness_n to_o tell_v the_o king_n that_o his_o majesty_n shall_v not_o suffer_v such_o heretical_a opinion_n as_o they_o call_v they_o to_o be_v introduce_v before_o such_o a_o great_a assembly_n contrary_a to_o the_o receive_a doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n this_o discourse_n cause_v a_o great_a many_o other_o matter_n to_o be_v talk_v on_o of_o which_o it_o will_v be_v too_o long_o to_o inform_v your_o lordship_n by_o this_o you_o may_v plain_o see_v how_o fond_a the_o divine_n be_v of_o their_o old_a opinion_n rely_v upon_o the_o doctrine_n of_o aristotle_n who_o we_o can_v suppose_v to_o be_v so_o thorough_o acquaint_v with_o the_o structure_n spring_n and_o motion_n of_o the_o humane_a body_n nor_o indeed_o with_o all_o other_o natural_a cause_n as_o the_o modern_a physician_n be_v yet_o it_o be_v the_o policy_n of_o the_o divine_n not_o only_o in_o poland_n but_o in_o spain_n italy_n and_o in_o most_o other_o country_n where_o their_o power_n be_v very_o great_a not_o to_o let_v any_o opinion_n creep_v in_o among_o they_o that_o will_v seem_v to_o contradict_v those_o of_o aristotle_n for_o have_v build_v their_o system_n of_o divinity_n upon_o the_o principle_n of_o this_o pagan_a philosopher_n they_o be_v just_o afraid_a that_o if_o experience_n and_o reason_n shall_v shake_v the_o foundation_n the_o superstructure_n will_v fall_v to_o the_o ground_n as_o doubtless_o it_o will_v for_o the_o most_o part_n building_n this_o king_n build_v several_a fine_a house_n both_o in_o russia_n and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n particular_o three_o mile_n from_o warsaw_n a_o neat_a country_n house_n call_v villa_n nova_n very_o rich_o furnish_v he_o have_v have_v several_a natural_a child_n but_o take_v no_o care_n of_o any_o of_o they_o for_o it_o be_v not_o customary_a in_o poland_n to_o have_v that_o consideration_n for_o they_o as_o there_o be_v in_o other_o country_n but_o he_o leave_v vast_a riches_n to_o his_o lawful_a child_n and_o make_v a_o motion_n in_o the_o diet_n five_o child_n or_o six_o year_n before_o he_o die_v to_o settle_v the_o succession_n on_o one_o of_o they_o he_o tell_v the_o assembly_n of_o the_o disorder_n that_o usual_o happen_v in_o election_n after_o the_o king_n death_n that_o the_o turk_n and_o the_o tartar_n take_v then_o opportunity_n to_o make_v inroad_n into_o the_o country_n and_o ravage_v all_o before_o they_o that_o the_o nobility_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v general_o divide_v head_a by_o faction_n and_o biased_a by_o self-interest_n against_o the_o public_a good_a of_o their_o country_n and_o that_o he_o himself_o will_v be_v glad_a to_o prevent_v all_o those_o dangerous_a broil_n before_o he_o die_v out_o of_o the_o love_n he_o bear_v to_o his_o country_n and_o subject_n but_o the_o diet_n find_v that_o his_o private_a design_n be_v to_o get_v one_o of_o his_o son_n elect_v answer_v that_o they_o hope_v that_o his_o majesty_n will_v live_v yet_o a_o long_a while_n that_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o take_v a_o long_a time_n to_o consider_v of_o a_o matter_n of_o that_o great_a moment_n which_o the_o king_n see_v it_o be_v a_o civil_a way_n of_o refuse_v to_o enter_v upon_o that_o subject_a never_o after_o intimate_v any_o thing_n to_o they_o like_o it_o but_o take_v all_o possible_a care_n to_o enrich_v his_o child_n in_o case_n none_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v elect_v after_o his_o death_n it_o be_v exact_o compute_v to_o i_o that_o he_o lay_v up_o every_o year_n for_o above_o twenty_o year_n 100000_o l._n sterl_n which_o riches_n he_o leave_v partly_o in_o banker_n hand_n at_o dantzick_n hamburgh_n and_o amsterdam_n and_o put_v the_o rest_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o jew_n who_o be_v very_o numerous_a in_o that_o kingdom_n to_o trade_v with_o it_o beside_o he_o buy_v great_a territory_n in_o the_o kingdom_n though_o it_o be_v against_o the_o constitution_n so_o that_o his_o three_o son_n james_n alexander_n and_o constantino_n if_o they_o manage_v their_o affair_n right_a may_v be_v worth_a each_o above_o 50000_o l._n sterling_n per_fw-la annum_fw-la for_o it_o be_v the_o law_n in_o poland_n to_o divide_v equal_o the_o estate_n among_o the_o child_n poland_n the_o queen_n be_v but_o ten_o or_o twelve_o year_n of_o age_n when_o she_o together_o with_o the_o present_a duke_n of_o gordon'_v aunt_n afterward_o marry_v to_o count_n morstin_n great_a treasurer_n of_o poland_n come_v from_o france_n into_o this_o kingdom_n with_o ladislaus_n king_n of_o poland_n queen_n who_o make_v they_o both_o her_o maid_n of_o honour_n and_o take_v great_a care_n of_o mademoiselle_fw-fr d'_fw-fr arquien_v be_v very_o ingenious_a marriage_n and_o beautiful_a she_o get_v she_o marry_v first_o to_o prince_n zamoiski_n who_o soon_o leave_v she_o a_o widow_n with_o a_o jointure_n of_o about_o 2000_o l._n a_o year_n she_o be_v afterward_o marry_v in_o casimir_n reign_n to_o john_n sobieski_n than_o captain_n of_o the_o guard_n who_o be_v not_o very_o willing_a to_o marry_v she_o until_o the_o king_n promise_v that_o he_o will_v give_v he_o considerable_a place_n which_o he_o according_o do_v by_o the_o instigation_n of_o the_o queen_n for_o he_o make_v he_o great_a marshal_n and_o great_a general_n of_o poland_n which_o give_v he_o authority_n and_o interest_n enough_o to_o make_v himself_o afterward_o king_n and_o her_o queen_n so_o that_o this_o marriage_n be_v the_o occasion_n of_o his_o rise_n in_o the_o world_n which_o he_o be_v so_o sensible_a of_o that_o he_o refuse_v to_o be_v divorce_v from_o she_o as_o the_o diet_n will_v have_v persuade_v he_o to_o do_v after_o his_o election_n qualification_n the_o queen_n be_v now_o about_o fifty_o four_o year_n of_o age_n though_o she_o appear_v not_o to_o be_v forty_o she_o go_v in_o the_o french_a dress_n as_o all_o the_o polish_v lady_n do_v she_o speak_v almost_o natural_o the_o polish_v tongue_n which_o with_o liar_n sweet_a temper_n refine_a sense_n and_o majestic_a air_n gain_v she_o such_o affection_n with_o the_o pole_n such_o influence_n over_o the_o king_n and_o such_o interest_n always_o in_o the_o diet_n that_o she_o manage_v all_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o prudence_n and_o that_o to_o the_o advantage_n of_o her_o native_a country_n france_n who_o interest_n she_o general_o espouse_v upon_o most_o occasion_n during_o the_o king_n life_n which_o be_v believe_v to_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o he_o do_v not_o carry_v on_o the_o war_n with_o vigour_n these_o late_a year_n against_o the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n she_o maintain_v at_o her_o court_n her_o father_n cardinal_n de_fw-fr arquien_v and_o her_o brother_n count_n maligny_n who_o have_v but_o a_o very_a small_a estate_n of_o their_o own_o she_o have_v two_o sister_n one_o be_v the_o widow_n of_o the_o late_a count_n bethune_n who_o be_v ambassador_n from_o france_n in_o poland_n and_o afterward_o die_v in_o his_o embassy_n in_o
then_o busy_v in_o other_o war_n answer_v he_o can_v spare_v they_o none_o but_o give_v they_o leave_v to_o have_v recourse_n to_o who_o protection_n they_o think_v fit_a some_o therefore_o among_o they_o put_v themselves_o under_o eric_n king_n of_o sweden_n but_o the_o archbishop_n of_o riga_n and_o the_o great_a master_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n with_o all_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n request_v the_o assistance_n of_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n who_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n grant_v it_o they_o unless_o they_o will_v submit_v themselves_o entire_o to_o his_o obedience_n and_o take_v oath_n of_o fidelity_n according_o next_o that_o they_o shall_v give_v up_o all_o their_o town_n and_o country_n and_o last_o annex_v livonia_n for_o ever_o to_o poland_n to_o these_o term_n the_o livonian_o be_v neither_o ready_a nor_o willing_a to_o submit_v however_o at_o length_n they_o think_v it_o better_a to_o condescend_v to_o these_o proposal_n than_o be_v force_v to_o accept_v of_o worse_a from_o the_o irresistible_a fury_n of_o the_o muscovite_n and_o therefore_o poland_n have_v mature_o deliberate_v on_o the_o matter_n consent_v that_o gothotre_v ketler_n a_o gentleman_n of_o westphalia_n then_o great_a master_n and_o general_n of_o their_o army_n shall_v public_o abdicate_v his_o mastership_n and_o give_v up_o to_o nicholas_n radzivil_n palatin_n of_o vilna_n depute_v for_o that_o purpose_n by_o the_o king_n the_o city_n and_o citadel_n of_o riga_n and_o declare_v livonia_n from_o thenceforward_o subject_a to_o poland_n which_o be_v according_o do_v and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n by_o order_n of_o the_o king_n his_o master_n radzivil_n proclaim_v semigallia_n gothotre_v ketler_n 8._o duke_n of_o curland_n and_o semigallia_n which_o be_v two_o province_n of_o livonia_n and_o next_o day_n by_o further_a order_n declare_v he_o viceroy_n and_o governor_n of_o livonia_n these_o two_o province_n of_o curland_n and_o semigallia_n ketler_n posterity_n have_v enjoy_v ever_o since_o by_o hereditary_a succession_n but_o still_o as_o vassal_n to_o poland_n upon_o this_o agreement_n the_o king_n declare_v muscovite_n war_n immediate_o against_o the_o muscovite_n who_o be_v then_o very_o strong_a have_v just_a before_o take_v from_o the_o tartar_n the_o kingdom_n of_o astracan_a and_o casan_n nevertheless_o he_o defeat_v their_o army_n upon_o the_o frontier_n of_o lithuania_n and_o force_v they_o to_o retire_v into_o their_o own_o country_n but_o they_o soon_o return_v a_o second_o time_n command_v by_o their_o czar_n john_n basilowit_v though_o with_o as_o little_a success_n as_o before_o 255._o this_o czar_n be_v report_v to_o have_v be_v a_o most_o cruel_a tyrant_n it_o have_v be_v his_o chief_a diversion_n to_o invent_v new_a way_n of_o torture_v insomuch_o that_o it_o be_v say_v that_o to_o boil_v and_o roast_v both_o his_o own_o subject_n and_o the_o prisoner_n he_o take_v be_v the_o least_o punishment_n he_o make_v they_o suffer_v it_o will_v be_v both_o tedious_a and_o horrid_a to_o hear_v all_o the_o torture_n he_o use_v towards_o man_n woman_n and_o child_n he_o be_v wont_a to_o recompense_v such_o as_o invent_v new_a way_n of_o torture_n but_o these_o his_o inhuman_a cruelty_n do_v so_o exasperate_v his_o subject_n that_o sigismond_n find_v no_o great_a difficulty_n to_o force_v he_o to_o a_o peace_n after_o this_o sigismond_n send_v a_o small_a army_n into_o valachia_n to_o support_v bogdan_n in_o his_o intention_n to_o make_v himself_o prince_n thereof_o but_o the_o valachian_n assist_v by_o the_o turk_n soon_o oblige_v the_o pole_n to_o return_v home_o propagate_v etc._n in_o this_o king_n reign_n the_o lutheran_n religion_n get_v great_a ground_n in_o poland_n the_o cause_n of_o which_o be_v a_o quarrel_n upon_o account_n of_o a_o whore_n between_o the_o courtier_n and_o scholar_n which_o induce_v the_o latter_a to_o retire_v into_o germany_n where_o they_o first_o imbibe_v these_o principle_n and_o which_o upon_o their_o return_n they_o not_o a_o little_a propagate_v in_o their_o own_o country_n the_o first_o person_n of_o note_n that_o embrace_v this_o religion_n be_v johannes_n a_o lasco_n palatin_n of_o lanschet_fw-mi who_o in_o the_o year_n 1540_o leave_v his_o government_n and_o go_v into_o holland_n and_o england_n and_o at_o his_o return_n convert_v several_a to_o that_o persuasion_n all_o this_o while_n the_o king_n give_v disturbance_n to_o none_o that_o abjure_v the_o roman_a faith_n but_o rather_o 394._o favour_v they_o have_v hear_v several_a of_o their_o preacher_n in_o his_o court_n particular_o two_o johannes_n cosminis_fw-la and_o laurencius_fw-la prasnitius_n which_o occasion_v most_o of_o the_o bishop_n to_o be_v incline_v to_o that_o belief_n here_o can_v well_o be_v omit_v a_o great_a escape_n king_n sigismond_n have_v at_o koningsberg_n in_o ducal_z prussia_n whither_o be_v invite_v by_o albert_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n and_o at_o his_o reception_n salute_v with_o all_o the_o cannon_n by_o negligence_n of_o a_o gunner_n a_o bullet_n be_v leave_v in_o one_o of_o they_o which_o when_o fire_v come_v so_o near_o the_o king_n as_o to_o dash_v out_o one_o etc._n wisnoviec_n brain_n who_o march_v just_a behind_o he_o babina_n in_o sigismund_n 395._o time_n flourish_v the_o jocular_a commonwealth_n of_o babina_n consist_v of_o several_a merry_a gentleman_n of_o lublin_n who_o meet_v together_o at_o a_o place_n call_v babin_n to_o exercise_v their_o wit_n upon_o all_o occasion_n this_o meeting_n to_o procure_v the_o great_a respect_n for_o their_o proceed_n they_o model_v into_o the_o form_n of_o the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n elect_v a_o king_n and_o senate_n together_o with_o divers_a officer_n and_o magistrate_n as_o whenever_o any_o among_o they_o talk_v out_o of_o his_o sphere_n and_o meddle_v with_o matter_n that_o do_v no_o way_n belong_v to_o he_o they_o create_v he_o a_o archbishop_n or_o palatin_n such_o a_o one_o as_o make_v a_o great_a many_o blunder_n and_o delight_v in_o contradiction_n they_o choose_v for_o their_o speaker_n or_o chancellor_n and_o whoever_o boast_v too_o inordinate_o of_o his_o valour_n they_o prefer_v to_o be_v their_o general_n pass_v immediate_o a_o patent_n for_o that_o purpose_n and_o which_o be_v to_o be_v present_v to_o he_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o submission_n by_o the_o bragadochio_n of_o a_o minor_a character_n but_o if_o the_o person_n elect_v refuse_v this_o command_n they_o persecute_v he_o with_o hiss_v and_o hoot_v till_o he_o have_v accept_v it_o thus_o they_o create_v several_a other_o senator_n of_o different_a quality_n whence_o it_o follow_v that_o in_o short_a time_n they_o become_v judicious_a censurer_n wary_a talker_n modest_a observer_n humble_a performer_n and_o true_a relater_n of_o any_o exploit_n whenever_o they_o admit_v any_o of_o their_o society_n they_o first_o inquire_v into_o his_o ability_n and_o require_v a_o specimen_fw-la of_o his_o part_n and_o this_o to_o determine_v the_o better_a what_o office_n or_o employment_n he_o be_v fit_a to_o execute_v in_o their_o commonwealth_n they_o have_v several_a other_o of_o a_o inferior_a rank_n beside_o those_o we_o have_v already_o mention_v as_o if_o any_o one_o introduce_v a_o impertinent_a discourse_n of_o his_o hound_n or_o his_o hawk_n he_o they_o immediate_o make_v either_o their_o huntsinan_n or_o their_o faulkoner_n likewise_o if_o a_o man_n run_v out_o too_o much_o upon_o religion_n he_o be_v constitute_v their_o chaplain_n and_o where_o any_o deal_v too_o much_o in_o matter_n of_o controversy_n he_o be_v forthwith_o ordain_v their_o inquisitor_n last_o where_o a_o man_n be_v too_o exuberant_a in_o his_o discourse_n about_o horse_n or_o household_n affair_n he_o they_o either_o promote_v to_o be_v their_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n or_o their_o majordomo_n by_o these_o mean_n in_o a_o little_a time_n they_o reform_v most_o of_o the_o abuse_n and_o indecorum_n creep_v into_o the_o government_n of_o poland_n and_o prove_v than_o the_o force_n of_o satyr_n be_v of_o no_o less_o benefit_n than_o that_o of_o oratory_n at_o length_n this_o pleasant_a constitution_n come_v to_o the_o king_n ear_n who_o be_v often_o delight_v with_o hear_v of_o their_o transaction_n and_o one_o day_n inquire_v after_o their_o dignify_a member_n he_o ask_v whether_o they_o have_v any_o king_n among_o they_o to_o which_o the_o starosta_n of_o babina_n who_o be_v most_o celebrate_v for_o his_o pleasant_a countenance_n and_o jocular_a humour_n reply_v far_o be_v it_o from_o we_o most_o serene_a monarch_n that_o we_o shall_v make_v choice_n of_o any_o other_o king_n while_o your_o majesty_n be_v live_v which_o answer_v so_o extreme_o please_v sigismond_n that_o he_o laugh_v hearty_o and_o be_v so_o far_o from_o show_v any_o sign_n of_o dislike_n that_o by_o several_a expression_n which_o drop_v from_o he_o he_o occasion_v great_a mirth_n in_o all_o the_o company_n afterward_o there_o arise_v some_o grave_a dispute_n in_o this_o society_n
have_v elect_v he_o with_o such_o universal_a affection_n yet_o nothing_o can_v prevail_v upon_o he_o but_o he_o however_o promise_v that_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o have_v settle_v his_o affair_n in_o france_n he_o will_v return_v among_o they_o and_o moreover_o acknowledge_v that_o he_o be_v extreme_o oblige_v to_o the_o polish_v nation_n for_o their_o kindness_n and_o goodwill_n towards_o he_o hereupon_o the_o senate_n afterward_o fruitless_a send_v two_o ambassador_n into_o france_n to_o entreat_v he_o to_o return_v which_o the_o king_n have_v several_a time_n a_o mind_n to_o comply_v with_o for_o he_o love_v that_o nation_n extreme_o well_o but_o his_o french_a subject_n still_o prevail_v upon_o he_o to_o change_v his_o mind_n represent_v to_o he_o the_o many_o danger_n he_o will_v expose_v france_n to_o by_o such_o a_o journey_n thus_o the_o pole_n have_v lose_v all_o hope_n of_o have_v their_o king_n again_o the_o primate_n vchanski_n call_v a_o diet_n at_o warsaw_n the_o four_o of_o november_n follow_v to_o proceed_v to_o a_o new_a election_n where_o two_o prince_n be_v principal_o propose_v which_o election_n be_v the_o emperor_n maximilian_n and_o stephen_n batori_fw-mi prince_n of_o transylvania_n but_o they_o can_v never_o unanimous_o agree_v which_o of_o the_o two_o to_o choose_v and_o therefore_o the_o diet_n be_v dissolve_v maximilian_n party_n send_v ambassador_n to_o acquaint_v he_o that_o he_o be_v choose_v and_o that_o they_o expect_v he_o shall_v speedy_o come_v and_o be_v crown_v while_o batori_n faction_n do_v the_o like_a for_o he_o and_o invite_v he_o to_o come_v forthwith_o into_o poland_n hereupon_o 1577._o batori_n make_v more_o haste_n than_o the_o emperor_n to_o comply_v with_o their_o request_n for_o he_o immediate_o leave_v transylvania_n and_o pass_v through_o valachia_n and_o russia_n quick_o arrive_v at_o cracow_n where_o on_o the_o 18_o of_o april_n 1577_o he_o be_v receive_v and_o crown_v by_o karnkovius_n bishop_n of_o vladislaw_n the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n be_v for_o maximilian_n who_o yet_o afterward_o rather_o than_o he_o will_v undergo_v a_o siege_n in_o his_o castle_n of_o lowitz_n quiet_o submit_v to_o batori_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o emperor_n be_v more_o slow_a resolve_v to_o come_v with_o a_o army_n to_o dispute_v his_o right_n but_o his_o party_n grow_v less_o and_o less_o every_o day_n at_o length_n the_o senate_n send_v ambassador_n to_o acquaint_v he_o that_o his_o slowness_n and_o indifference_n have_v supersede_v his_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n it_o be_v resolve_v to_o be_v give_v to_o he_o that_o arrive_v first_o hereupon_o the_o emperor_n who_o be_v then_o at_o the_o diet_n at_o ratisbon_n order_v the_o ambassador_n to_o be_v put_v in_o prison_n and_o forthwith_o determine_v to_o go_v for_o poland_n himself_o but_o be_v prevent_v by_o a_o dangerous_a sickness_n of_o which_o he_o soon_o after_o die_v octob._n 12._o batori_fw-mi it_o be_v true_a be_v chief_o indebt_v to_o his_o merit_n for_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n yet_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o family_n of_o zborowski_n be_v not_o a_o little_a assist_v to_o he_o occasion_v by_o his_o civil_a reception_n of_o one_o samuel_n of_o that_o family_n who_o have_v be_v banish_v his_o country_n for_o strike_v john_n teczynski_n castellan_n of_o wounitz_n in_o the_o king_n court._n whereupon_o samuel_n employ_v all_o his_o interest_n for_o batori_n for_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o election_n he_o write_v to_o several_a of_o his_o relation_n and_o friend_n to_o vote_n for_o that_o prince_n but_o it_o be_v the_o temper_n of_o the_o polander_n never_o to_o think_v themselves_o sufficient_o recompense_v after_o they_o have_v do_v a_o service_n batori_n though_o he_o seek_v all_o he_o can_v to_o oblige_v that_o family_n yet_o can_v not_o keep_v they_o from_o prove_v his_o most_o inveterate_a enemy_n by_o reason_n that_o he_o will_v not_o submit_v to_o govern_v according_a to_o their_o humour_n which_o not_o long_o after_o cost_v 340._o samuel_n his_o life_n by_o a_o formal_a proceed_v in_o a_o court_n of_o justice_n rise_n batori_fw-mi be_v first_o as_o i_o find_v he_o a_o private_a gentleman_n in_o transylvania_n but_o at_o length_n by_o his_o merit_n and_o valour_n come_v to_o have_v great_a authority_n among_o the_o people_n of_o that_o country_n for_o he_o be_v once_o send_v ambassador_n to_o the_o emperor_n court_n where_o he_o manage_v affair_n to_o the_o satisfaction_n and_o advantage_n of_o both_o party_n so_o that_o after_o prince_n john_n sigismond_n son_n to_o the_o sister_n of_o sigismond_n ii_o of_o poland_n die_v they_o elect_v he_o prince_n of_o transylvania_n after_o he_o be_v crown_v king_n of_o poland_n by_o karnkouski_n who_o he_o make_v archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n he_o endeavour_v to_o appease_v the_o disorder_n among_o the_o great_a people_n and_o to_o win_v the_o affection_n of_o the_o malcontent_n which_o at_o last_o he_o effect_v by_o marry_v the_o princess_n ann_n marriage_n daughter_n to_o sigismond_n i._o and_o sister_n to_o sigismond_n ii_o by_o who_o he_o have_v no_o child_n reduce_v etc._n about_o this_o time_n the_o emperor_n foment_v a_o sedition_n among_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o dantzic_n which_o induce_v they_o to_o refuse_v to_o take_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o batori_n and_o moreover_o to_o raise_v a_o army_n and_o stand_v upon_o their_o defence_n but_o the_o senate_n of_o poland_n have_v declare_v they_o rebel_n their_o army_n be_v soon_o defeat_v and_o town_n besiege_v and_o at_o last_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o comply_v by_o mediation_n of_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n and_o brandenburg_n and_o landgrave_n of_o hesse_n the_o chief_a cause_n of_o this_o war_n be_v that_o the_o citizen_n of_o dantzic_n pretend_v not_o to_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o republic_n of_o poland_n but_o only_o to_o the_o king_n yet_o notwithstanding_o this_o treaty_n they_o be_v force_v to_o submit_v themselves_o to_o both_o justice_n 306._o hitherto_o there_o be_v no_o court_n of_o judicature_n in_o poland_n all_o difference_n be_v decide_v by_o the_o king_n and_o council_n but_o the_o gentry_n find_v this_o way_n of_o procedure_v too_o tedious_a to_o the_o nation_n and_o too_o burdensome_a to_o the_o king_n obtain_v leave_v of_o batori_n to_o erect_v two_o court_n of_o judicature_n which_o they_o common_o call_v tribunal_n one_o at_o petricovia_n and_o the_o other_o at_o lublin_n where_o all_o civil_a cause_n be_v to_o be_v determine_v absolute_o without_o any_o appeal_n to_o court_n unless_o upon_o any_o matter_n relate_v to_o the_o state_n in_o which_o case_n the_o last_o decision_n be_v to_o be_v reserve_v to_o the_o king_n and_o diet_n together_o etc._n this_o king_n be_v more_o severe_a in_o his_o punishment_n than_o the_o polish_v law_n allow_v yet_o he_o molest_v none_o on_o account_n of_o religion_n always_o affirm_v that_o three_o thing_n god_n have_v whole_o reserve_v to_o himself_o which_o be_v to_o make_v something_o out_o of_o nothing_o to_o foretell_v thing_n to_o come_v and_o to_o govern_v and_o direct_v conscience_n this_o prince_n like_a sigismond_n i._o very_o much_o encourage_v speak_v latin_n in_o his_o dominion_n be_v report_v to_o have_v say_v often_o to_o the_o gentleman_n son_n discite_fw-la isatinè_n nam_fw-la unum_fw-la ex_fw-la vobis_fw-la aliquando_fw-la faciam_fw-la mosci_fw-la pan_n a_o great_a lord_n whereby_o the_o youth_n be_v all_o in_o hope_n practise_v that_o language_n with_o great_a diligence_n which_o very_o much_o contribute_v towards_o the_o increase_n of_o art_n and_o science_n in_o this_o kingdom_n when_o sigismond_n i._o send_v the_o bishop_n of_o varmia_n his_o ambassador_n to_o vienna_n the_o emperor_n be_v surprise_v to_o hear_v even_o the_o polish_v coachman_n speak_v latin_a fluent_o also_o after_o sigismond_n the_o second_v death_n when_o ambassador_n be_v send_v to_o bring_v henry_n of_o valois_n into_o poland_n the_o french_a wonder_v that_o not_o one_o of_o all_o their_o train_n but_o speak_v this_o language_n with_o great_a address_n this_o king_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n be_v like_a to_o have_v be_v overrun_v by_o the_o muscovite_n for_o they_o have_v so_o great_a advantage_n over_o the_o pole_n that_o they_o take_v several_a town_n from_o they_o in_o a_o dutchy_n of_o severia_n smolensko_n and_o lithuania_n in_o these_o war_n the_o muscovite_n be_v war_n not_o a_o little_a politic_a for_o they_o take_v occasion_n to_o invade_v the_o pole_n either_o when_o they_o have_v war_n abroad_o or_o disturbance_n at_o home_n but_o at_o last_o king_n batori_n have_v appease_v his_o own_o intestine_a jar_n and_o make_v peace_n with_o his_o neighbour_n by_o the_o concurrence_n of_o a_o general_a diet_n declare_v war_n against_o the_o muscovite_n and_o pour_v in_o upon_o they_o with_o such_o vigour_n and_o success_n that_o in_o three_o year_n time_n he_o retook_a all_o his_o own_o town_n and_o beside_o carry_v the_o
effect_v many_o glorious_a erterprise_n die_v peaceable_o leave_v three_o nephew_n borcus_fw-la cunossus_n and_o spera_n all_o which_o separately_z succeed_v he_o in_o his_o dominion_n borcus_fw-la borcus_fw-la take_v for_o his_o share_n part_n of_o samogitia_n where_o he_o build_v a_o castle_n on_o the_o river_n juria_n a_o branch_n of_o the_o nieman_n and_o call_v it_o after_o his_o own_o name_n and_o that_o of_o the_o river_n whereon_o it_o stand_v jurburg_n which_o continue_v even_o at_o this_o day_n cunossus_n cunossus_n extend_v his_o dominion_n a_o different_a way_n build_v kunossow_n another_o castle_n call_z it_o after_o his_o own_o name_n and_o which_o remain_v to_o this_o day_n spera_n spera_n likewise_o build_v a_o castle_n near_o the_o river_n swenta_fw-mi where_o he_o begin_v his_o reign_n at_o length_n borcus_fw-la and_o spera_n die_v cunossus_n seize_v on_o both_o their_o dominion_n but_o soon_o after_o die_v also_o and_o leave_v two_o son_n kyernus_n and_o gybutus_fw-la whereof_o kyernus_fw-la kyernus_n settle_v in_o lithuania_n and_o build_v the_o castle_n kyernow_n which_o he_o make_v the_o place_n of_o his_o residence_n and_o gybutus_fw-la gybutus_n reside_v in_o samogitia_n which_o he_o likewise_o govern_v both_o these_o brother_n be_v join_v together_o make_v huge_a devastation_n in_o russia_n and_o carry_v away_o great_a booty_n but_o upon_o their_o return_n home_o find_v samogitia_n serve_v the_o like_a sauce_n by_o the_o livonian_o to_o revenge_v which_o they_o forthwith_o enter_v livonia_n and_o burn_v and_o plunder_v all_o that_o country_n wherever_o they_o come_v kyernus_n die_v be_v succeed_v in_o lithuania_n muntwil_n by_o his_o son_n zivibundus_fw-la and_o gybutus_n in_o samogitia_n by_o his_o son_n muntwil_n which_o last_o have_v reign_v but_o little_a die_v and_o leave_v his_o son_n uikint_n vikint_v to_o succeed_v he_o in_o samogitia_n but_o zivibundus_fw-la zivibundus_fw-la live_v a_o great_a while_n after_o and_o prove_v no_o small_a victor_n over_o the_o russian_n and_o tartar_n for_o be_v willing_a to_o shake_v off_o the_o russian_a yoke_n he_o send_v his_o brother_n wikinti_n erdzivil_n erdzivil_n to_o invade_v that_o country_n who_o so_o far_o succeed_v as_o to_o take_v the_o city_n and_o castle_n of_o novogrodec_n and_o to_o fix_v the_o seat_n of_o a_o duchy_n there_o and_o after_o proceed_v further_o he_o build_v the_o strong_a castle_n of_o grodno_n on_o the_o river_n niemen_n then_o he_o descend_v into_o podlachia_n where_o he_o take_v several_a town_n and_o soon_o reduce_v all_o that_o province_n afterward_o he_o conquer_v kurdassus_n prince_n of_o the_o tartar_n at_o a_o town_n call_v mozera_n near_o the_o river_n okuniowka_n this_o erdzivil_n after_o many_o heroic_a action_n and_o succeed_v his_o brother_n zivibundus_fw-la die_v and_o leave_v two_o son_n mingailus_n and_o algimuntus_n and_o divide_v his_o dominion_n between_o they_o algimuntus_fw-la algimuntus_n choose_v for_o his_o part_n samogitia_n and_o mingailus_n mingailus_n rule_v over_o lithuania_n and_o polocz_n which_o last_o country_n he_o take_v from_o the_o russian_n and_o likewise_o extend_v his_o dominion_n over_o all_o the_o duchy_n of_o novogrodec_n this_o duke_n die_v and_o leave_v two_o son_n skirmunt_fw-la and_o ginvil_n skirmunt_fw-la skirmunt_fw-la have_v perform_v his_o father_n obsequy_n enter_v upon_o the_o government_n of_o lithuania_n with_o the_o duchy_n of_o novogrodec_n and_o ginvil_n ginvil_n by_o natural_a right_o seize_v upon_o polocz_n which_o have_v govern_v for_o some_o time_n he_o die_v and_o leave_v to_o his_o son_n boris_n boris_n who_o rule_v a_o great_a while_n in_o polocz_n and_o build_v a_o famous_a church_n there_o with_o brick_n call_v it_o sancta_fw-la sophia_n he_o likewise_o found_v several_a other_o famous_a edisâ—â—ces_n with_o the_o town_n and_o castle_n of_o borissow_n upon_o the_o river_n beresina_n to_o he_o succeed_v his_o son_n rechwold_n basilius_n rechwold_n who_o live_v to_o a_o great_a age_n and_o leave_v behind_o he_o a_o son_n call_v hlebus_n and_o a_o daughter_n name_v poroskavia_n poroskavia_n hlebus_n survive_v his_o father_n but_o a_o little_a while_n and_o poroskavia_n whole_o devote_v herself_o to_o the_o greek_a religion_n but_o afterward_o go_v to_o rome_n where_o she_o die_v and_o be_v canonize_v for_o a_o saint_n now_o to_o return_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o lithuania_n skirmunt_fw-la obtain_v great_a conquest_n over_o the_o tartar_n and_o russian_n and_o die_v leave_v his_o uncle_n kukovoitus_fw-la kukovoitus_n to_o succeed_v he_o in_o lithuania_n and_o samogitia_n who_o have_v govern_v a_o good_a while_n died_z and_o leave_v his_o dominion_n to_o his_o son-in-law_n giedrussus_n giedrussus_n who_o have_v marry_v his_o daughter_n poiata_n this_o duke_n die_v leave_v for_o his_o successor_n his_o son_n ringolt_n ringolt_n who_o have_v perform_v his_o father_n funeral-rite_n after_o the_o pagan_a manner_n enter_v upon_o the_o government_n of_o lithuania_n and_o samogitia_n against_o this_o duke_n the_o russian_n join_v â—â—y_o the_o tartar_n march_v with_o great_a fury_n to_o reduce_v he_o to_o pay_v tribute_n but_o he_o timely_o oppose_v they_o with_o equal_a force_n give_v they_o a_o signal_n overthrow_n near_o mohilna_n on_o the_o river_n niemen_n at_o length_n this_o ringolt_n famous_a likewise_o for_o several_a other_o victory_n die_v and_o leave_v his_o dominion_n to_o his_o son_n 1240._o mindog_n or_o mendog_n in_o the_o year_n 1240_o who_o have_v various_a conflict_n with_o the_o duke_n of_o smolensko_n and_o volhynia_n both_o which_o at_o last_o he_o total_o subdue_v he_o likewise_o fight_v several_a battle_n with_o boleslaus_n the_o chaste_a king_n of_o poland_n and_o daniel_n emperor_n of_o moscovy_n in_o most_o of_o which_o the_o christian_n be_v worsted_n with_o great_a slaughter_n he_o frequent_o make_v incursion_n into_o masovia_n dobrina_n cujavia_n etc._n etc._n and_o return_v with_o great_a booty_n he_o also_o have_v bloody_a war_n with_o the_o teutonic_n knight_n of_o prussia_n and_o livonia_n but_o at_o length_n in_o the_o year_n 1252_o be_v over-persuade_v by_o the_o then_o great_a master_n henricus_n de_fw-fr zalcza_n he_o give_v up_o all_o his_o dominion_n to_o that_o order_n in_o acknowledgement_n of_o several_a honour_n and_o service_n do_v he_o and_o moreover_o consent_v to_o turn_v christian_a and_o afterward_o send_v to_o rome_n to_o pay_v his_o devoir_n to_o that_o see_n whereupon_o innocent_n iv._o depute_v his_o brother_n heinderic_n to_o consecrate_v he_o king_n but_o whether_o it_o be_v that_o mindog_n repent_v the_o loss_n of_o his_o dominion_n or_o for_o any_o other_o cause_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o he_o refuse_v to_o receive_v this_o nuncio_n and_o the_o very_a same_o year_n together_o with_o all_o his_o country_n return_v to_o their_o former_a idolatry_n nevertheless_o king_n the_o teutonic_n knight_n suffer_v he_o to_o continue_v king_n and_o under_o he_o in_o conjunction_n with_o the_o lithuanian_n samogitian_n etc._n etc._n invade_v masovia_n and_o make_v great_a havoc_n of_o that_o country_n but_o afterward_o mendog_v be_v unmindful_a any_o far_o of_o the_o civility_n of_o those_o knight_n turn_v his_o arm_n against_o their_o country_n destroy_v most_o of_o their_o city_n and_o return_v with_o great_a spoil_n next_o mendog_n have_v gather_v together_o a_o great_a army_n and_o be_v likewise_o assist_v by_o swarno_n duke_n of_o russia_n march_v against_o semovitus_n duke_n of_o masovia_n who_o together_o with_o his_o son_n conrade_n he_o surprise_v in_o his_o palace_n of_o jasdow_n where_o swarno_n strike_v off_o semovitus_n his_o head_n with_o his_o own_o hand_n but_o conrade_n be_v preserve_v by_o mendog_n and_o afterward_o ransom_v by_o his_o countryman_n soon_o after_o this_o the_o lithuanian_n and_o russian_n have_v make_v great_a devastation_n in_o masovia_n retire_v with_o the_o spoil_n and_o captive_n into_o their_o several_a country_n the_o next_o year_n the_o same_o people_n not_o be_v content_a with_o their_o former_a eruption_n march_v again_o into_o masovia_n but_o scarce_o find_v any_o thing_n leave_v to_o prey_n upon_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o last_o year_n work_n they_o only_o burn_v and_o plunder_v a_o house_n belong_v to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n and_o so_o return_v home_o at_o length_n heaven_n think_v fit_a to_o favour_v the_o polish_v christian_n by_o take_v away_o king_n mindog_n who_o be_v murder_v by_o his_o nephew_n murder_v stroinat_n and_o his_o son-in-law_n dowmant_n in_o the_o year_n 1263._o 1263._o stroinat_n begin_v his_o reign_n in_o the_o year_n 1263_o by_o the_o murder_n of_o his_o brother_n towcivil_a duke_n of_o polocz_n but_o not_o long_o afterward_o woisalk_v son_n of_o mendog_n though_o then_o a_o russian_a monk_n be_v mindful_a of_o his_o father_n death_n deprive_v he_o also_o of_o life_n and_o immediate_o seize_v on_o his_o dominion_n 1264._o woisalk_n take_v upon_o he_o only_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n and_o begin_v his_o government_n with_o frequent_a eruption_n into_o poland_n mascovia_n and_o prussia_n but_o in_o the_o year_n
woievod_n of_o cracovia_n to_o who_o the_o king_n after_o the_o fight_n send_v a_o hare-skin_n and_o spinning-wheel_n for_o recompense_n nevertheless_o this_o one_o defeat_n stick_v so_o close_o to_o he_o that_o he_o soon_o after_o die_v leave_v four_o son_n among_o who_o issue_n he_o divide_v his_o kingdom_n this_o king_n perform_v a_o great_a many_o more_o memorable_a action_n which_o my_o lord_n because_o they_o may_v be_v too_o tedious_a to_o insert_v here_o i_o have_v omit_v 72._o character_n he_o be_v of_o a_o undaunted_a spirit_n a_o great_a despiser_n of_o danger_n and_o no_o less_o a_o observer_n of_o truth_n and_o right_n very_o liberal_a and_o generous_a upon_o the_o small_a occasion_n and_o moreover_o endue_v with_o singular_a clemency_n and_o modesty_n he_o be_v further_a very_o ambitious_a of_o glory_n but_o at_o the_o same_o time_n no_o enemy_n to_o peace_n though_o he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v train_v up_o to_o war_n from_o his_o very_a cradle_n to_o 1140._o uladislaus_n surname_v the_o driveler_n his_o elder_a son_n he_o leave_v the_o supreme_a power_n which_o be_v confirm_v and_o he_o elect_v in_o the_o year_n 1140_o but_o reign_v only_o six_o year_n and_o to_o the_o other_o three_o he_o give_v only_o some_o separate_a province_n which_o afterward_o be_v the_o occasion_n of_o great_a disorder_n in_o poland_n for_o the_o elder_a brother_n vladislaus_n pretend_v to_o dispossess_v brother_n the_o other_o three_o turn_v his_o brother_n boleslaus_n out_o of_o the_o palatinate_v of_o ploskow_n and_o masovia_n and_o his_o brother_n henry_n out_o of_o the_o province_n of_o sendomir_n who_o both_o retire_a to_o their_o three_o brother_n that_o govern_v posnania_n 73._o vladislaus_n have_v always_o with_o he_o a_o nobleman_n call_v d_o peter_n dunin_n who_o take_v out_o one_o day_n to_o hunt_v they_o happen_v to_o be_v so_o late_o abroad_o that_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o lie_v all_o night_n in_o a_o wood_n where_o for_o diversion_n the_o king_n begin_v to_o joke_v with_o his_o companion_n after_o this_o manner_n dunin_n quoth_v he_o i._n believe_v your_o wife_n lie_v more_o at_o ease_n to_o night_n with_o the_o abbot_n scrinnen_n than_o we_o do_v to_o which_o dunin_n forget_v himself_o tart_o reply_v and_o it_o may_v be_v your_o majesty_n do_v the_o same_o with_o dobessus_n who_o it_o seem_v be_v a_o handsome_a fellow_n about_o court_n that_o his_o queen_n christina_n love_v this_o answer_n so_o nettle_v the_o king_n that_o he_o afterward_o employ_v the_o same_o dobessus_n to_o be_v revenge_v revenge_n on_o dunin_n which_o he_o effect_v by_o pull_v out_o his_o tongue_n and_o eye_n hereupon_o the_o people_n perceive_v how_o cruel_o vladislaus_n persecute_v his_o own_o brother_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n how_o ill_o he_o treat_v his_o subject_n begin_v to_o be_v daily_o more_o and_o more_o disaffect_v to_o he_o whereby_o his_o brother_n party_n great_o increase_a he_o be_v beat_v by_o they_o as_o he_o be_v go_v to_o besiege_v posnan_n wherefore_o discover_v new_a faction_n hourly_o appear_v against_o he_o and_o fear_v some_o ill_a fate_n from_o a_o universal_a hatred_n he_o timely_o withdraw_v into_o germany_n to_o the_o emperor_n conrade_n iii_o cousin_n kingdom_n german_a to_o his_o queen_n christina_n who_o several_a time_n endeavour_v to_o restore_v he_o but_o all_o in_o vain_a for_o his_o brother_n boleslaus_n crispus_n have_v get_v possession_n of_o the_o crown_n vladislaus_n be_v force_v to_o compound_v for_o silesia_n only_o which_o afterward_o fall_v to_o the_o principality_n of_o bohemia_n and_o have_v ever_o since_o be_v out_o of_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o pole_n this_o prince_n lie_v bury_v at_o attenburg_n death_n a_o city_n of_o germany_n in_o alsace_n vladislaus_n with_o his_o son_n have_v abdicate_v the_o crown_n of_o poland_n his_o second_o brother_n 1146._o boleslaus_n crispus_n or_o the_o frizzle_a be_v elect_v in_o the_o year_n 1146_o and_o reign_v to_o the_o year_n 1175_o yet_o the_o emperor_n conrade_n do_v what_o he_o can_v to_o restore_v vladislaus_n to_o effect_v which_o he_o first_o send_v ambassador_n into_o poland_n but_o to_o no_o purpose_n then_o he_o resolve_v to_o make_v war_n with_o the_o pole_n but_o defer_v it_o till_o his_o expedition_n against_o asia_n be_v over_o to_o facilitate_v which_o he_o have_v obtain_v leave_n to_o pass_v through_o boleslaus_n his_o dominion_n to_o the_o euxine_a sea_n but_o at_o his_o return_n be_v constant_o solicit_v by_o vladislaus_n and_o his_o queen_n he_o march_v with_o a_o powerful_a army_n against_o poland_n yet_o war_n what_o with_o delay_n stratagem_n and_o ambuscadoe_n he_o be_v so_o fatigue_v by_o the_o pole_n that_o he_o can_v do_v nothing_o till_o at_o last_o he_o be_v call_v home_o to_o appease_v some_o intestine_a broil_n in_o his_o own_o dominion_n which_o have_v effect_v he_o soon_o after_o die_v his_o successor_n frederic_n barberossa_n also_o espouse_v vladislaus_n his_o cause_n but_o not_o be_v able_a to_o do_v any_o thing_n in_o his_o favour_n by_o ambassador_n he_o march_v with_o a_o numerous_a army_n against_o the_o pole_n which_o they_o likewise_o harass_v and_o weary_v out_o till_o they_o have_v oblige_v that_o emperor_n to_o strike_v up_o a_o peace_n with_o they_o he_o be_v in_o war_n at_o the_o same_o time_n against_o milan_n by_o which_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o boleslaus_n shall_v remit_v silesia_n to_o vladislaus_n who_o posterity_n afterward_o divide_v it_o into_o several_a dutchy_n till_o at_o last_o it_o come_v to_o the_o empire_n this_o great_a province_n my_o lord_n as_o i_o observe_v in_o my_o journey_n through_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o fertile_a and_o plentiful_a country_n in_o all_o germany_n boleslaus_n begin_v another_o war_n against_o the_o prussian_n for_o refuse_v to_o pay_v he_o tribute_n and_o force_v they_o to_o this_o compliance_n that_o they_o shall_v submit_v in_o case_n he_o leave_v they_o to_o their_o religion_n but_o otherwise_o they_o bold_o declare_v that_o they_o will_v rather_o die_v than_o become_v christian_n again_o whereupon_o boleslaus_n be_v force_v to_o grant_v they_o liberty_n of_o conscience_n yet_o they_o soon_o revolt_v and_o by_o a_o 78._o stratagem_n entire_o rout_v the_o polish_v army_n and_o death_n kill_v his_o brother_n henry_n this_o king_n die_v not_o long_o after_o and_o be_v bury_v at_o cracow_n 1174._o miecislaus_fw-la surname_v the_o old_a brother_n to_o boleslaus_n succeed_v he_o be_v elect_v in_o the_o year_n 1174_o and_o reign_v only_o to_o 1178._o he_o be_v call_v the_o old_a from_o his_o great_a sagacity_n and_o prudence_n in_o his_o youth_n his_o covetousness_n policy_n induce_v he_o to_o hoard_v up_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n by_o oppress_v the_o gentry_n and_o people_n with_o unreasonable_a tax_n and_o sell_v all_o employment_n though_o against_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n this_o extreme_a avarice_n bring_v he_o to_o be_v general_o hate_v by_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o people_n whereupon_o 88_o gedeon_n bishop_n of_o cracow_n endeavour_v several_a time_n to_o incline_v he_o to_o pity_v his_o subject_n and_o despise_v money_n since_o he_o have_v no_o need_n of_o it_o but_o he_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n hearken_v to_o his_o advice_n wherefore_o this_o bishop_n concert_v together_o with_o the_o gentry_n to_o dethrone_v he_o and_o remit_v dethrone_v the_o crown_n to_o casimir_n his_o brother_n who_o more_o deserve_v it_o which_o they_o effectual_o do_v after_o some_o little_a bloodshed_n here_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o covertousness_n be_v the_o great_a vice_n that_o any_o prince_n can_v be_v guilty_a of_o especial_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n who_o subject_n as_o your_o lordship_n doubtless_o have_v observe_v be_v general_o liberal_a even_o to_o extravagance_n at_o first_o casimir_n refuse_v the_o crown_n offer_v he_o allege_v it_o be_v his_o brother_n right_a and_o that_o such_o a_o alteration_n may_v occasion_v civil_a war_n which_o he_o by_o no_o mean_n have_v any_o mind_n to_o be_v the_o author_n of_o but_o when_o they_o unanimous_o declare_v they_o will_v have_v no_o other_o king_n and_o can_v never_o more_o obey_v miecislaus_fw-la 1178._o casimir_n ii_o consent_v to_o accept_v of_o the_o government_n be_v elect_v in_o the_o year_n 1178_o and_o reign_v to_o 1195._o he_o be_v surname_v the_o just_a be_v altogether_o unlike_o his_o brother_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o follow_a particular_a 82._o be_v at_o play_n with_o a_o gentleman_n of_o he_o name_v conarius_n whilst_o he_o be_v prince_n of_o sendomir_n and_o have_v win_v all_o his_o adversary_n money_n the_o gentleman_n in_o a_o passion_n strike_v he_o over_o the_o face_n and_o flee_v but_o next_o day_n be_v bring_v before_o he_o be_v adjudge_v by_o every_o body_n to_o have_v deserve_v death_n for_o his_o insolence_n not_o example_n at_o all_o reply_v the_o good_a prince_n for_o be_v affect_v with_o his_o loss_n and_o not_o
his_o death_n suentopelus_n declare_v himself_o duke_n of_o pomerania_n and_o conrade_n and_o 111._o call_v into_o poland_n the_o knight_n of_o the_o teutonic_n poland_n order_n who_o be_v then_o banish_v out_o of_o syria_n by_o the_o saracen_n and_o settle_v in_o germany_n to_o help_v he_o against_o the_o prussian_n who_o be_v wont_a to_o make_v frequent_a incursion_n into_o his_o country_n to_o who_o for_o recompense_n he_o give_v the_o territory_n of_o culm_n and_o some_o other_o small_a place_n on_o condition_n they_o shall_v act_v vigorous_o against_o the_o prussian_n but_o after_o they_o have_v conquer_v those_o people_n they_o be_v to_o resign_v culm_n etc._n etc._n and_o have_v the_o half_a of_o their_o conquest_n to_o themselves_o these_o auxiliary_a troop_n prove_v afterward_o very_o pernicious_a to_o poland_n have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o many_o bloody_a war_n in_o that_o country_n this_o agreement_n between_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o cross_n as_o they_o be_v likewise_o call_v and_o conrade_n be_v approve_v and_o confirm_v by_o pope_n gregory_n ix_o in_o the_o year_n 1228._o in_o a_o short_a time_n these_o knight_n effect_v what_o they_o undertake_v this_o lescus_n lie_v bury_v in_o the_o cathedral_n at_o cracow_n and_o leave_v behind_o he_o a_o young_a son_n 1228._o boleslaus_n v._o surname_v the_o chaste_a who_o guardian_n he_o order_v to_o be_v his_o brother_n conrade_n and_o henry_n duke_n of_o breslaw_n his_o cousin_n this_o young_a prince_n notwithstanding_o the_o many_o intrigue_n and_o cabal_n conrade_n form_v against_o he_o who_o design_v to_o make_v himself_o king_n be_v elect_v in_o the_o year_n 1228_o and_o reign_v to_o the_o year_n 1278._o he_o marry_v cunigunda_fw-la daughter_n marriage_n to_o bela_n king_n of_o hungary_n but_o after_o they_o be_v bed_v he_o have_v not_o the_o courage_n to_o consummate_v the_o marriage_n and_o therefore_o by_o mutual_a consent_n both_o make_v a_o vow_n of_o chastity_n tartar_n 116._o it_o be_v in_o this_o prince_n reign_n the_o tartar_n make_v their_o first_o eruption_n into_o poland_n whereof_o there_o be_v three_o at_o several_a time_n in_o the_o first_o they_o ravage_v all_o the_o country_n about_o lublin_n and_o russia_n and_o carry_v away_o a_o incredible_a number_n of_o prisoner_n with_o great_a riches_n in_o the_o second_o they_o return_v with_o more_o fury_n and_o not_o be_v content_v with_o the_o plunder_n of_o poland_n spread_v likewise_o all_o over_o silesia_n where_o near_o lignitz_n they_o entire_o defeat_v the_o confederate_a army_n of_o the_o christian_n wherein_o henry_n duke_n of_o breslaw_n boleslaus_n son_n to_o the_o trouble_n duke_n of_o moravia_n pompo_n great_a master_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_n and_o several_a other_o person_n of_o note_n be_v kill_v 119._o the_o number_n of_o dead_a body_n be_v so_o incredible_a that_o they_o fill_v nine_o great_a sack_n with_o the_o christian_n ear_n cut_v off_o each_o head_n but_o one_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o hannibal_n at_o the_o battle_n of_o cannae_n fill_v several_a bushel_n with_o the_o ring_v cut_v off_o from_o the_o finger_n of_o the_o roman_a knight_n only_o that_o be_v there_o kill_v boleslaus_n have_v not_o the_o courage_n to_o march_v in_o person_n against_o the_o tartar_n when_o they_o come_v a_o second_o time_n to_o invade_v he_o but_o retire_v with_o hungary_n his_o court_n into_o hungary_n and_o thereby_o leave_v his_o subject_n to_o the_o mercy_n of_o their_o enemy_n which_o base_a action_n the_o pole_n be_v extreme_o offend_v at_o intend_v to_o have_v elect_v a_o new_a king_n whereupon_o boleslaus_n son_n to_o henry_n duke_n of_o breslaw_n that_o be_v kill_v in_o the_o battle_n afterward_o be_v name_v but_o conrade_n vigorous_o oppose_v he_o and_o pretend_v to_o have_v more_o right_o the_o gentry_n to_o prevent_v civil_a war_n recall_v their_o former_a king_n bolestaus_fw-la from_o return_v hungary_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n conrade_n die_v not_o long_o after_o the_o tartar_n together_o with_o the_o lithuanian_n which_o be_v hitherto_o pagan_n make_v incursion_n a_o three_o time_n into_o poland_n when_o they_o pillage_v the_o country_n up_o as_o far_o as_o cracow_n which_o city_n meet_v with_o no_o body_n in_o it_o to_o resist'em_v they_o both_o plunder_v and_o burn_v afterward_o they_o go_v to_o vratislaw_n which_o they_o find_v war_n ready_o fire_v to_o their_o hand_n for_o the_o townsman_n have_v have_v timely_a notice_n of_o the_o come_n of_o the_o barbarian_n have_v get_v all_o their_o treasure_n together_o and_o flee_v whilst_o the_o soldier_n distrust_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o place_n and_o sear_v it_o may_v become_v a_o prey_n to_o the_o enemy_n set_v fire_n to_o it_o and_o retire_v into_o the_o castle_n which_o have_v great_o incense_v the_o tartar_n they_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n with_o all_o imaginable_a vigour_n and_o will_v soon_o have_v take_v it_o have_v they_o not_o be_v fright_v from_o before_o it_o by_o a_o prodigy_n during_o this_o boleslaus_n march_v in_o person_n against_o the_o lithuanian_n who_o he_o overthrow_v and_o kill_v their_o duke_n mindacus_n the_o prussian_n likewise_o be_v yet_o pagan_n side_v with_o the_o lithuanian_n when_o the_o teutonick_n order_n which_o be_v then_o settle_v in_o prussia_n call_v to_o their_o assistance_n 103._o ottocarus_n king_n of_o bohemia_n who_o quick_o reduce_v the_o prussian_n and_o the_o better_a build_v to_o keep_v they_o in_o awe_o build_v a_o fort_n call_v koningsberg_n or_o royal_a hill_n boleslaus_n be_v a_o pious_a and_o good_a prince_n and_o lie_v bury_v at_o cracow_n in_o a_o monastery_n found_v death_n by_o himself_o he_o build_v other_o religious_a house_n and_o reign_v near_o 50_o year_n and_o have_v make_v a_o vow_n of_o chastity_n leave_v no_o child_n wherefore_o his_o uncle_n son_n by_o the_o father_n 1279._o lescus_n vi_o surname_v the_o black_a succeed_v he_o be_v elect_v in_o the_o year_n 1279_o and_o reign_v only_o to_o the_o year_n 1289._o in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n the_o russian_n summon_v by_o the_o lithuanian_n and_o tartar_n make_v incursion_n into_o war_n poland_n under_o command_n of_o leo_n their_o duke_n but_o be_v defeat_v first_o by_o varsias_n the_o king_n general_n and_o afterward_o be_v beat_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o out_o of_o a_o village_n where_o they_o have_v entrench_v themselves_o which_o from_o that_o call_v general_n be_v name_n have_v be_v since_o call_v 136._o leopol_n and_o be_v now_o a_o sine_fw-la city_n upon_o this_o defeat_n the_o enemy_n be_v force_v to_o retire_v with_o great_a loss_n not_o long_o after_o they_o return_v again_o but_o more_o to_o their_o prejudice_n than_o in_o the_o former_a irruption_n for_o then_o though_o their_o army_n consist_v of_o a_o prodigious_a number_n of_o man_n and_o a_o innumerable_a company_n of_o mastiff_n dog_n train_v up_o to_o war_n yet_o be_v they_o a_o second_o time_n rout_v by_o lescus_n insomuch_o that_o a_o certain_a people_n call_v jazyges_n who_o then_o inhabit_v a_o part_n of_o lithuania_n and_o come_v only_o to_o plunder_v in_o poland_n be_v so_o total_o destroy_v that_o there_o remain_v nothing_o leave_v of_o they_o except_o the_o name_n but_o at_o length_n the_o tartar_n make_v another_o irruption_n have_v better_a success_n for_o they_o not_o only_o vanquish_v lescus_n but_o also_o carry_v away_o beside_o man_n marry_a woman_n and_o child_n above_o twenty_o thousand_o maid_n into_o captivity_n insurrection_n after_o this_o defeat_n a_o insurrection_n be_v raise_v against_o lescus_n by_o paul_n bishop_n of_o cracow_n for_o that_o under_o the_o reign_n of_o boleslaus_n the_o chaste_a lescus_n have_v keep_v he_o about_o a_o month_n in_o prison_n hereupon_o conrade_n duke_n of_o masovia_n be_v invite_v to_o accept_v the_o crown_n who_o come_v into_o poland_n for_o that_o purpose_n be_v meet_v at_o sendomir_n by_o general_n varsias_n paul_n the_o bishop_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o nobility_n upon_o this_o lescus_n perceive_v himself_o forsake_v flee_v into_o hungary_n hungary_n to_o king_n vladislaus_n but_o the_o city_n of_o cracow_n still_o bear_v a_o respect_n to_o he_o continue_v loyal_a and_o prepare_v to_o sustain_v a_o siege_n whereupon_o have_v be_v summon_v to_o surrender_v their_o answer_n be_v that_o they_o can_v not_o be_v treaâ—â—berous_a to_o their_o lawful_a sovereign_n lescus_n but_o will_v defend_v his_o right_n to_o the_o last_o drop_n of_o their_o blood_n hereat_o the_o noble_n be_v grievous_o nettle_v resolve_v to_o sit_v down_o with_o their_o army_n before_o that_o city_n but_o upon_o their_o approach_n find_v it_o empty_a the_o inhabitant_n be_v retire_v into_o the_o castle_n they_o set_v sire_n to_o it_o think_v by_o those_o mean_n to_o bring_v the_o enemy_n soon_o to_o a_o compliance_n this_o do_v lescus_n have_v obtain_v a_o considerable_a army_n of_o king_n vladislaus_n be_v march_v direct_o towards_o cracow_n to_o relieve_v his_o
war_n into_o the_o very_a heart_n of_o their_o country_n plunder_v and_o destroy_v wherever_o he_o come_v in_o this_o expedition_n he_o get_v from_o they_o above_o twenty_o great_a city_n and_o province_n such_o as_o polotia_n sokola_n sussa_n krasna_n vsviata_n sitna_n jeseriscia_n kossiano_n nescerda_n all_o the_o duchy_n of_o plotia_n lukis_n nevela_n zavolotia_n ostrovia_n etc._n etc._n all_o this_o put_v the_o poor_a muscovite_n into_o such_o a_o fright_n that_o they_o immediate_o dispatch_v a_o 59_o ambassador_n to_o the_o pope_n to_o give_v he_o hope_n that_o if_o he_o can_v prevail_v upon_o the_o pole_n to_o withdraw_v their_o army_n out_o of_o their_o country_n and_o make_v a_o honourable_a peace_n with_o they_o they_o will_v all_o submit_v to_o the_o roman_a church_n this_o your_o grace_n may_v imagine_v soon_o put_v the_o holy_a father_n upon_o a_o pious_a stratagem_n for_o he_o send_v his_o nuncio_n possevinus_n to_o assure_v the_o czar_n that_o he_o will_v employ_v all_o his_o interest_n in_o his_o behalf_n whereupon_o the_o pole_n have_v besiege_v pleskow_n the_o strong_a town_n in_o muscovy_n with_o ill_a success_n and_o moreover_o have_v lose_v above_o forty_o thousand_o man_n during_o the_o war_n at_o length_n through_o the_o prudent_a management_n of_o possevinus_n 1582._o they_o agree_v to_o a_o suspension_n of_o arm_n for_o ten_o year_n and_o far_o that_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n shall_v restore_v to_o muscovy_n all_o the_o province_n and_o town_n he_o have_v take_v in_o this_o war_n and_o that_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o czar_n shall_v give_v up_o to_o the_o king_n all_o livonia_n yet_o the_o czar_n make_v no_o alteration_n in_o his_o greek_a religion_n as_o he_o have_v make_v the_o pope_n believe_v he_o design_v to_o do_v thus_o end_v the_o war_n with_o muscovy_n which_o be_v like_a to_o have_v prove_v so_o fatal_a to_o that_o country_n etc._n the_o tartar_n dare_v not_o make_v any_o incursion_n into_o poland_n during_o his_o reign_n and_o their_o cham_n have_v send_v ambassador_n thither_o to_o demand_v the_o tribute_n former_o pay_v they_o for_o transylvania_n he_o dismiss_v their_o embassy_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o indignation_n declare_v he_o will_v pay_v tribute_n to_o no_o man._n the_o turk_n likewise_o show_v great_a deference_n for_o this_o prince_n for_o he_o never_o make_v any_o hostility_n in_o transylvania_n while_o batori_n govern_v there_o but_o his_o nephew_n be_v elect_v prince_n of_o that_o country_n the_o port_n will_v have_v augment_v their_o tribute_n but_o batori_n espouse_v his_o cause_n by_o a_o embassy_n to_o the_o grand_a signior_n the_o port_n choose_v rather_o to_o be_v content_v with_o little_a than_o to_o hazard_v the_o lose_n of_o all_o by_o disoblige_v so_o powerful_a a_o prince_n all_o that_o huge_a tract_n of_o land_n above_o three_o hundred_o mile_n long_o from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o above_o a_o hundred_o broad_a from_o south_n to_o north_n be_v for_o fifty_o year_n before_o in_o possession_n of_o the_o pole_n it_o be_v call_v by_o one_o general_a name_n vkraina_n call_v which_o in_o the_o selavonian_a language_n signify_v a_o ibid._n frontier_n serve_v for_o bound_n betwixt_o they_o the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n this_o vast_a and_o fertile_a country_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o great_a province_n volhynia_n and_o podolia_n of_o volhynia_n the_o capital_a town_n be_v kiovia_n build_v on_o the_o borysthenes_n which_o be_v former_o as_o they_o say_v one_o of_o the_o large_a in_o europe_n it_o ancient_o belong_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o russia_n but_o now_o be_v entire_o ruin_v between_o the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n the_o capital_a town_n of_o podolia_n be_v caminiec_fw-la a_o fortify_v city_n build_v on_o a_o rock_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o vkraina_n cosack_n be_v common_o call_v 326._o cosack_n which_o in_o the_o sclavonian_a language_n signify_v robber_n at_o first_o they_o be_v peasant_n that_o come_v from_o russia_n and_o other_o neighbour_a country_n settle_v in_o the_o island_n of_o the_o river_n boristhenes_n and_o who_o afterward_o spread_v all_o over_o vkraina_n and_o live_v on_o robbery_n for_o they_o use_v to_o make_v inroad_n into_o tartary_n and_o turkey_n plunder_v trebisond_n and_o sinope_n and_o ravage_v even_o up_o to_o the_o gate_n of_o constantinople_n they_o also_o use_v to_o pirate_n on_o the_o black_a sea_n and_o have_v be_v very_o useful_a to_o the_o pole_n when_o they_o be_v engage_v in_o war_n against_o the_o infidel_n i_o can_v compare_v they_o to_o no_o people_n better_o than_o to_o the_o miquelet_n of_o spain_n or_o highlander_n of_o scotland_n 3._o king_n stephen_n to_o make_v this_o people_n more_o serviceable_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n put_v they_o discipline_n under_o a_o good_a discipline_n order_v they_o officer_n and_o a_o general_n and_o moreover_o give_v they_o the_o town_n of_o techtimoravia_n upon_o the_o river_n boristhenes_n which_o they_o make_v a_o magazine_n as_o also_o the_o place_n of_o residence_n for_o their_o governor_n to_o be_v a_o bulwark_n against_o the_o eruption_n of_o the_o tartar_n who_o frequent_o infest_a they_o he_o endow_v they_o likewise_o with_o many_o privilege_n for_o all_o which_o they_o afterward_o do_v he_o considerable_a service_n it_o will_v not_o here_o be_v amiss_o to_o give_v your_o grace_n some_o far_a account_n of_o this_o people_n who_o be_v often_o much_o talk_v of_o and_o yet_o at_o the_o same_o time_n but_o very_o little_o know_v 7._o name_n alberto_n vimina_fw-la in_o his_o civil_a war_n of_o poland_n say_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o they_o have_v their_o name_n from_o the_o sclavonian_a word_n coza_n which_o signify_v a_o goat_n and_o this_o either_o because_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v clothe_v with_o garment_n of_o goat_n hair_n or_o that_o they_o live_v like_o goat-herd_n in_o hut_n or_o else_o by_o reason_n that_o they_o skip_v about_o like_o goat_n and_o find_v no_o country_n of_o too_o difficult_a access_n for_o they_o dominion_n the_o country_n they_o first_o possess_v be_v not_o above_o eighteen_o league_n on_o either_o side_n of_o the_o borysthenes_n not_o far_o from_o the_o place_n where_o ovid_n be_v send_v into_o banishment_n and_o where_o they_o affirm_v be_v a_o castle_n still_o that_o go_v by_o the_o name_n of_o ovidova_n where_o ovid_n may_v be_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v bury_v this_o vimina_fw-la say_v he_o do_v not_o at_o all_o discredit_n the_o country_n agree_v with_o a_o passage_n of_o ovid_n in_o his_o elegy_n write_v to_o rufinus_n non_fw-fr ager_n hic_fw-la pomum_fw-la non_fw-la dulces_fw-la educat_fw-la uvas_fw-la non_fw-la salices_fw-la ripa_n robora_fw-la monte_fw-fr virent_fw-la neve_n fretum_fw-la laudes_fw-la terra_fw-la magis_fw-la aequora_fw-la semper_fw-la ventorum_fw-la rabie_fw-la solibus_fw-la orba_fw-la tument_fw-la and_o the_o fierceness_n of_o the_o people_n describe_v by_o ovid_n in_o another_o place_n increase_v his_o opinion_n maxima_fw-la pars_fw-la hominum_fw-la nec_fw-la te_fw-la pulchorrima_fw-la curate_n roma_fw-la nec_fw-la ausonii_fw-la militis_fw-la arma_fw-la timet_fw-la notwithstanding_o all_o this_o we_o must_v not_o pretend_v to_o derive_v this_o modern_a people_n from_o antiquity_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a they_o be_v at_o first_o a_o body_n of_o vagabond_n that_o flee_v from_o justice_n into_o this_o country_n where_o they_o live_v only_o upon_o fish_v and_o hunt_v and_o at_o last_o as_o now_o upon_o piracy_n and_o robbery_n extent_n etc._n the_o present_a extent_n of_o their_o country_n be_v much_o large_a than_o former_o for_o now_o it_o reach_v 100_o league_n in_o length_n and_o above_o 40_o in_o breadth_n they_o report_v the_o grass_n here_o general_o grow_v so_o high_a that_o a_o man_n on_o horseback_n be_v easy_o hide_v under_o it_o this_o country_n abound_v so_o with_o all_o sort_n of_o grain_n that_o the_o inhabitant_n know_v not_o what_o to_o do_v with_o it_o their_o river_n be_v shallow_a and_o therefore_o not_o capable_a to_o transport_v it_o to_o other_o place_n they_o have_v also_o all_o sort_n of_o beast_n fish_n and_o fowl_n with_o most_o other_o necessary_n except_o wine_n and_o salt_n whereof_o the_o first_o come_v from_o hungary_n transilvania_n valachia_n and_o moldavia_n and_o the_o second_o be_v fetch_v from_o the_o mine_n of_o poland_n building_n 3._o the_o house_n of_o this_o country_n be_v general_o of_o wood_n build_v in_o like_a manner_n as_o in_o muscovy_n and_o poland_n and_o rare_o above_o one_o story_n high_a the_o wall_n of_o their_o town_n be_v most_o common_o make_v of_o earth_n keep_v up_o with_o stake_n and_o plank_n such_o be_v most_o proper_a to_o resist_v the_o force_n of_o cannon_n character_n 32._o the_o inhabitant_n of_o vkraina_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n robu_v and_o strong_a generous_a and_o great_a despiser_n of_o covetousness_n inconceivable_a lover_n of_o liberty_n and_o impatient_a under_o the_o mild_a slavery_n they_o be_v likewise_o indefatigable_a bold_a and_o brave_a but_o withal_o excessive_a
livonia_n to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n gustavus_n adolphus_n but_o it_o be_v suspect_v that_o he_o intend_v to_o betray_v that_o king_n for_o soon_o after_o the_o say_v farenbach_n be_v reconcile_v to_o king_n sigismond_n to_o who_o he_o restore_v all_o the_o place_n except_o pernau_n turk_n in_o the_o year_n 1620_o the_o pole_n be_v engage_v in_o a_o war_n against_o the_o turk_n foment_v as_o be_v suppose_v by_o bethlem_n gabor_n prince_n of_o transilvania_n for_o which_o the_o turk_n afterward_o endeavour_v to_o banish_v that_o prince_n for_o side_v with_o the_o pole_n in_o the_o year_n follow_v the_o turk_n march_v with_o their_o whole_a force_n against_o poland_n but_o be_v meet_v by_o the_o pole_n near_o chocim_fw-la under_o the_o command_n of_o prince_n vladistaus_n who_o with_o a_o army_n of_o about_o 65000_o man_n repulse_v above_o 392000_o turk_n command_v by_o their_o emperor_n osman_n in_o person_n the_o turk_n attempt_v three_o time_n to_o force_v the_o polish_v camp_n but_o be_v as_o often_o beat_v back_o with_o loss_n nevertheless_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o pole_n suffer_v extreme_o for_o want_n of_o ammunition_n and_o provision_n and_o beside_o be_v mighty_o weaken_v by_o sickness_n and_o a_o huge_a mortality_n among_o their_o horse_n notwithstanding_o all_o this_o at_o length_n the_o turkish_a emperor_n be_v force_v to_o strike_v up_o a_o honourable_a peace_n with_o they_o after_o have_v lose_v about_o 60000_o man_n in_o the_o several_a attack_n he_o make_v upon_o their_o camp_n and_o a_o great_a number_n in_o his_o march_n back_o to_o constantinople_n adolphus_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n gustavus_n adolphus_n fall_v into_o livonia_n take_v the_o city_n of_o riga_n without_o any_o great_a resistance_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o that_o country_n except_o dunneburgh_n be_v conquer_v likewise_o by_o the_o swede_n in_o the_o year_n 1625._o afterward_o gustavus_n enter_v prussia_n in_o the_o year_n 1626._o where_o he_o take_v the_o city_n of_o marienburg_n and_o elbing_n beside_o some_o other_o place_n this_o war_n be_v thus_o carry_v on_o without_o any_o general_a engagement_n till_o the_o year_n 1629_o when_o hans_n wrangel_n the_o swedish_n general_n defeat_v the_o pole_n near_o gorzno_n then_o the_o emperor_n send_v some_o force_n to_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o pole_n who_o in_o a_o battle_n fight_v near_o stuma_n be_v very_o near_o have_v make_v gustavus_n prisoner_n but_o however_o the_o polish_v affair_n after_o this_o battle_n fall_v into_o great_a confusion_n they_o be_v force_v to_o clap_v up_o a_o truce_n till_o the_o year_n 1634_o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o charles_n the_o first_o king_n of_o england_n and_o of_o lewis_n the_o thirteen_o of_o france_n the_o swede_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n be_v to_o keep_v possession_n of_o elbing_n mcmel_n braunsberg_n pillau_n and_o what_o beside_o they_o have_v take_v in_o livonia_n death_n after_o this_o sigismond_n die_v the_o last_o day_n of_o april_n in_o the_o year_n 1632_o be_v sixty_o year_n old_a and_o have_v reign_v forty_o four_o character_n 89._o he_o have_v all_o the_o quality_n that_o can_v be_v require_v in_o a_o great_a prince_n he_o love_v justice_n and_o all_o the_o world_n commend_v his_o piety_n he_o be_v always_o of_o a_o even_a temper_n either_o in_o good_a or_o bad_a fortune_n and_o the_o lustre_n of_o the_o polish_v crown_n obtain_v when_o he_o be_v but_o young_a together_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n to_o his_o uncle_n may_v well_o have_v either_o exalt_v or_o debase_v he_o have_v he_o not_o have_v a_o great_a soul_n yet_o among_o all_o these_o good_a quality_n he_o be_v too_o much_o wed_v to_o his_o opinion_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o some_o misfortune_n that_o happen_v to_o he_o prince_n vladislaus_n be_v absent_a when_o his_o father_n sigismond_n fall_v sick_a yet_o he_o arrive_v at_o court_n just_a as_o he_o be_v expire_n who_o presence_n so_o much_o revive_v the_o king_n as_o to_o give_v he_o power_n to_o put_v the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n on_o his_o son_n head_n though_o he_o be_v to_o leave_v that_o of_o poland_n to_o chance_n this_o election_n be_v much_o election_n more_o peaceable_a than_o his_o father_n sigismund_n in_o that_o he_o have_v no_o competitor_n to_o oppose_v he_o some_o thought_n gustavus_n adolphus_n king_n of_o sweden_n have_v a_o design_n upon_o the_o crown_n and_o his_o boundless_a ambition_n join_v with_o the_o great_a number_n of_o his_o friend_n the_o lutheran_n disperse_v throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n may_v very_o well_o support_v that_o opinion_n yet_o the_o gentry_n of_o great_a poland_n which_o be_v most_o to_o be_v suspect_v on_o account_n of_o conformity_n in_o religion_n with_o he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o strive_v to_o exclude_v he_o for_o they_o declare_v those_o enemy_n to_o their_o country_n that_o shall_v in_o the_o least_o dare_v to_o propose_v he_o likewise_o at_o another_o assembly_n a_o palatin_n offer_v but_o to_o insinuate_v that_o it_o will_v be_v proper_a to_o choose_v a_o foreign_a prince_n the_o gentry_n be_v so_o unanimous_o offend_v at_o he_o that_o he_o be_v fain_o to_o retire_v betimes_o to_o avoid_v their_o fury_n also_o gustavus_n adolphus_n have_v then_o too_o many_o iron_n in_o the_o fire_n to_o draw_v any_o more_o enemy_n upon_o his_o back_n competitor_n john_n casimir_n brother_n to_o prince_n vladislaus_n be_v likewise_o suspect_v to_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o this_o conjecture_n have_v a_o more_o plausible_a foundation_n than_o the_o former_a these_o two_o prince_n be_v both_o son_n to_o sigismond_n iii_o yet_o have_v they_o not_o the_o same_o mother_n that_o of_o casimir_n do_v all_o she_o can_v to_o advance_v her_o son_n to_o the_o throne_n at_o the_o diet_n meet_v at_o thorn_n she_o endeavour_v to_o have_v a_o successor_n elect_v whilst_o the_o king_n be_v live_v whereupon_o she_o employ_v a_o certain_a bishop_n to_o propose_v her_o son_n but_o with_o which_o the_o diet_n be_v so_o extreme_o incense_v that_o they_o will_v have_v immediate_o try_v that_o prelate_n for_o infringe_v the_o public_a liberty_n have_v not_o more_o weighty_a affair_n intervene_v which_o cause_v they_o to_o lay_v those_o intention_n aside_o during_o this_o prince_n casimir_n do_v all_o he_o can_v to_o satisfy_v the_o public_a that_o he_o have_v no_o design_n upon_o the_o crown_n but_o that_o all_o his_o aim_n be_v to_o promote_v the_o interest_n of_o his_o elder_a brother_n call_v the_o primate_n john_n vezik_n have_v notify_v the_o death_n of_o the_o late_a king_n convene_v the_o diet_n on_o the_o 27_o the_o of_o june_n where_o the_o lutheran_n continue_v their_o cabal_n and_o faction_n as_o former_o but_o do_v not_o favour_v any_o of_o vladislaus_n his_o competitor_n as_o before_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n be_v fix_v for_o the_o 27_o the_o of_o september_n in_o the_o same_o year_n whither_o the_o gentry_n all_o flock_v at_o the_o time_n appoint_v but_o that_o more_o to_o ingratiate_v themselves_o in_o their_o prince_n vladislaus_n favour_n than_o to_o sell_v their_o suffrage_n one_o thing_n be_v propose_v at_o this_o diet_n which_o have_v it_o be_v follow_v may_v have_v deliver_v the_o kingdom_n from_o great_a oppression_n this_o be_v to_o digest_v the_o law_n into_o a_o code_n and_o to_o get_v the_o king_n elect_v to_o confirm_v it_o also_o to_o reform_v the_o many_o abuse_v creep_v into_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o law_n but_o this_o be_v too_o vigorous_o oppose_v by_o the_o interest_v party_n and_o therefore_o be_v fain_o to_o be_v let_v fall_n election_n hereupon_o the_o diet_n devote_v themselves_o whole_o to_o the_o election_n prince_n casimir_n first_o propose_v his_o brothervladislaus_n which_o henry_n firley_n bishop_n of_o premislia_n second_v by_o a_o speech_n to_o this_o purpose_n that_o though_o that_o assembly_n have_v a_o right_a to_o elect_v who_o they_o please_v yet_o they_o have_v ever_o have_v a_o particular_a regard_n to_o the_o offspring_n of_o their_o king_n that_o every_o body_n there_o acknowledge_v the_o candidate_n to_o be_v of_o the_o blood_n of_o jagello_n that_o even_o the_o merit_n of_o his_o father_n plead_v for_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o son_n that_o uladislaus_n his_o own_o conquest_n have_v sufficient_o testify_v his_o valour_n and_o last_o that_o a_o favourable_a result_n be_v to_o be_v expect_v from_o that_o assembly_n since_o each_o know_v as_o much_o of_o the_o merit_n of_o that_o prince_n as_o he_o this_o be_v courteous_o answer_v by_o the_o primate_n after_o which_o they_o proceed_v to_o admit_v the_o ambassador_n admit_v first_o honorius_n visconti_n the_o pope_n nuncio_n have_v audience_n who_o be_v place_v on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o primate_n first_o desire_v the_o assembly_n to_o choose_v a_o catholic_n prince_n and_o then_o recommend_v prince_n vladislaus_n next_o the_o ambassador_n of_o the_o emperor_n
gules_a palatinate_n the_o second_o palatinate_n of_o the_o province_n of_o masovia_n be_v that_o of_o ploskow_n lie_v towards_o the_o east_n between_o the_o vistula_n and_o prussia_n it_o be_v divide_v into_o four_o district_n viz._n the_o district_v of_o ploczkow_n zancren_n mlava_n and_o stenen_n in_o all_o which_o be_v these_o principal_a city_n and_o town_n viz._n ploczkow_n bish_n cap._n sieprcz_n srensko_n mlaw_n and_o radzanow_n the_o capital_a of_o all_o which_o be_v ploczko_n ploczkow_n or_o ploczko_n metropolis_n of_o the_o palatinate_n of_o that_o name_n which_o stand_v on_o a_o high_a bank_n of_o the_o weissel_n or_o vistula_n from_o whence_o one_o may_v have_v a_o very_a fair_a prospect_n of_o a_o pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a country_n this_o city_n be_v considerable_o enrich_v by_o the_o navigableness_n of_o its_o river_n be_v very_o populous_a and_o have_v be_v long_o dignify_v with_o a_o bishop_n see_n beside_o the_o cathedral_n there_o be_v divers_a other_o church_n and_o monastery_n rich_o endow_v especial_o the_o abbey_n of_o benedictin_n in_o the_o suburb_n where_o among_o other_o relic_n the_o head_n of_o st._n sigismond_n be_v keep_v in_o gold_n which_o be_v give_v by_o king_n sigismond_n iii_o sieprcz_n sieprcz_n a_o wooden_a town_n build_v on_o a_o hill_n among_o the_o marsh_n and_o about_o five_o mile_n from_o ploczkow_n srensko_n srensko_fw-mi a_o timber-built_a town_n seat_v in_o a_o plain_a with_o a_o castle_n found_v among_o the_o bog_n this_o place_n be_v about_o ten_o mile_n from_o ploczko_n mlaw_n mlaw_o a_o town_n build_v on_o the_o confine_n of_o prussia_n and_o wash_v by_o the_o river_n of_o its_o own_o name_n it_o be_v also_o about_o ten_o mile_n from_o ploczkow_n radzanow_n radzanow_n a_o timber-built_a town_n on_o the_o river_n vkra_fw-mi with_o a_o castle_n found_v upon_o a_o rock_n among_o the_o marsh_n this_o town_n be_v about_o eight_o mile_n from_o ploczkow_n ploskow_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o bishop_n palatin_n and_o castellan_n of_o ploskow_n the_o castellan_n of_o sieprcz_n and_o radzanow_n arms._n the_o standard_n or_o arm_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v a_o eagle_n expanse_v sable_n with_o a_o p_o on_o the_o breast_n all_o in_o a_o field_n gules_a palatinate_n the_o three_o palatinate_n of_o the_o province_n of_o masovia_n be_v that_o of_o dobrina_n lie_v towards_o the_o west_n between_o cujavia_n and_o prussia_n it_o abound_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o fruit_n and_o fish_n and_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o district_n viz._n the_o district_n of_o dobrina_n ripin_n and_o slonsk_n in_o all_o which_o be_v these_o principal_a city_n and_o town_n viz._n dobrina_n cap._n ripin_n slonsk_n and_o gorzno_n of_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v dobrina_n dobrina_n a_o timber-built_a city_n seat_v on_o a_o rock_n near_o the_o river_n vistula_n it_o have_v former_o a_o castle_n which_o be_v demolish_v by_o the_o teutonick_n knight_n ripin_n ripin_n a_o wooden_a town_n build_v in_o a_o plain_a on_o the_o river_n odleck_n it_o be_v about_o five_o mile_n from_o dobrina_n slonsk_n slonsk_n a_o town_n in_o a_o plain_a situate_a upon_o the_o river_n vistula_n and_o about_o two_o mile_n from_o dobrina_n gorzno_n gorzno_n or_o gurzno_n a_o wood-built_a town_n tolerable_o well_o defend_v by_o nature_n and_o art_n it_o be_v about_o six_o polish_v miles_n from_o dobrina_n this_o palatinate_n be_v former_o the_o cause_n of_o frequent_a war_n between_o the_o pole_n teutonick_n knight_n and_o prussian_n dobrina_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o dobrina_n ripin_n and_o slonsk_n arms._n the_o arm_n and_o standard_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v a_o man_n head_n proper_a double_o crown_v or_o and_o argent_fw-fr all_o in_o a_o field_n gules_a province_n the_o six_o province_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v samogitia_n have_v in_o it_o no_o palatinate_n though_o many_o capitany_n of_o which_o the_o chief_a starosta_n be_v he_o of_o the_o province_n who_o have_v a_o place_n in_o the_o senate_n though_o no_o other_o of_o the_o same_o dignity_n have_v the_o like_a throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n except_o he_o be_v otherwise_o qualify_v this_o province_n be_v indifferent_o large_a and_o fruitful_a though_o it_o be_v very_o much_o overrun_v with_o wood_n to_o the_o north_n it_o be_v bound_v by_o curland_n and_o the_o bound_n baltic_a sea_n on_o the_o west_n it_o have_v ducal_z prussia_n and_o the_o baltic_a and_o towards_o the_o south_n and_o east_n it_o border_n on_o lithuania_n it_o have_v several_a city_n as_o well_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n as_o the_o gentry_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v all_o build_v with_o wood._n this_o province_n take_v its_o name_n from_o its_o situation_n which_o be_v low_a and_o marshy_a the_o word_n samogitz_n in_o the_o language_n of_o this_o country_n denote_v as_o much_o it_o abound_v with_o lake_n and_o inaccessible_a mountain_n yet_o afford_v great_a quantity_n of_o honey_n pure_a than_o that_o either_o of_o lithuania_n or_o livonia_n and_o breed_v horse_n which_o be_v very_o much_o admire_v for_o their_o swiftness_n the_o ordinary_a people_n here_o live_v in_o people_n cottage_n for_o the_o most_o part_n seat_v near_o lake_n or_o river_n and_o cover_v either_o with_o thatch_n or_o board_n they_o plough_v the_o ground_n not_o with_o iron_n but_o wood_n though_o the_o soil_n be_v most_o common_o fat_a and_o stiff_a which_o custom_n they_o be_v addict_v to_o even_o to_o superstition_n for_o when_o a_o certain_a starosta_n of_o that_o country_n think_v to_o introduce_v iron_n plowshare_n among_o they_o and_o the_o season_n not_o happen_v to_o prove_v as_o kind_a as_o usual_a they_o attribute_v all_o the_o cause_n to_o this_o change_n of_o instrument_n whereupon_o they_o be_v permit_v to_o return_v to_o their_o old_a way_n for_o fear_n of_o a_o insurrection_n their_o horse_n be_v general_o so_o small_a that_o one_o will_v wonder_v how_o they_o can_v undergo_v the_o fatigue_n they_o put_v they_o to_o most_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n differ_v little_a in_o manner_n habit_n or_o language_n from_o the_o lithuanian_n yet_o some_o of_o they_o still_o retain_v several_a idolatrous_a worship_n especial_o superstition_n in_o the_o desert_n where_o they_o pay_v devotion_n to_o a_o fourfooted_a serpent_n under_o the_o name_n of_o givosit_n and_o you_o will_v hardly_o find_v a_o family_n in_o these_o part_n without_o one_o of_o these_o household_n go_n nay_o even_o at_o this_o day_n in_o many_o village_n both_o of_o prussia_n and_o lithuania_n the_o poor_a peasant_n although_o they_o profess_v christianity_n yet_o keep_v adder_n in_o their_o house_n to_o which_o they_o pay_v a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a veneration_n imagine_v that_o some_o great_a mischief_n will_v befall_v they_o if_o these_o idol_n shall_v come_v to_o any_o harm_n to_o be_v more_o particular_a with_o this_o country_n your_o lordship_n may_v understand_v that_o their_o house_n except_o only_o those_o of_o the_o gentry_n be_v build_v low_a and_o long-way_n with_o a_o hearth_n in_o the_o middle_n and_o but_o one_o room_n which_o serve_v not_o only_o for_o themselves_o but_o their_o cattle_n the_o better_a sort_n drink_v out_o of_o horn_n cup_n and_o eat_v out_o of_o wooden_a platter_n the_o honey_n here_o be_v extraordinary_a have_v but_o little_a wax_n and_o some_o of_o it_o be_v perfect_o white_a with_o which_o the_o wood_n be_v every_o where_o almost_o line_v sacrifice_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o pagan_a sacrifice_n and_o feast_n in_o samogitia_n keep_v at_o this_o day_n about_o the_o end_n of_o october_n be_v as_o follow_v first_o the_o place_n of_o meeting_n be_v assign_v the_o man_n with_o their_o wife_n child_n and_o servant_n punctual_o appear_v thereat_o when_o spread_v a_o cloth_n upon_o the_o straw_n several_a loaf_n be_v set_v in_o due_a order_n and_o between_o each_o loaf_n a_o large_a pot_n of_o beer_n then_o beast_n of_o divers_a kind_n both_o male_a and_o female_a be_v bring_v in_o and_o sacrifice_v after_o the_o ancient_a custom_n thus_o first_o the_o augur_n or_o priest_n after_o have_v mumble_v over_o some_o few_o word_n strike_v they_o with_o a_o wand_n he_o hold_v in_o his_o hand_n on_o the_o back_n belly_n etc._n etc._n when_o all_o that_o be_v present_a likewise_o follow_v his_o example_n cry_v out_o o_o zimiennick_n for_o so_o they_o call_v their_o god_n these_o offering_n we_o make_v to_o thou_o for_o protect_v we_o so_o merciful_o hitherto_o and_o we_o most_o humble_o implore_v thou_o to_o have_v the_o like_a compassion_n on_o we_o for_o the_o future_a as_o to_o preserve_v we_o from_o fire_n sword_n pestilence_n and_o our_o enemy_n which_o say_v they_o immediate_o fall_v to_o but_o first_o cut_v off_o a_o bit_n from_o every_o plate_n and_o throw_v they_o about_o the_o room_n cry_v o_o zimiennick_n gracious_o partake_v of_o our_o sacrifice_n and_o favour_v thy_o adorer_n after_o
1290_o 46_o xxxiii_o henry_n i._o 1290_o 6_o 1296_o 48_o xxxiv_o premislus_n 1296_o 7_o mon._n 1296_o ib._n xxxv_o vladislaus_n locticus_n 1296_o 4_o 1300_o 49_o xxxvi_o winceslaus_fw-la k._n of_o bomia_n 1300_o 5_o 1305_o ib._n xxxvii_o locticus_n restore_v 1305_o 28_o 1333_o 50_o xxxviii_o casimir_n iii_o the_o great_a 1333_o 37_o 1370_o 54_o thirty-nine_o lewis_n k._n of_o hungary_n 1370_o 12_o 1382_o 56_o xl._o queen_n hedwigis_fw-la 1382_o 4_o 1386_o 58_o xli_o jagello_n or_o vladislaus_n v._o 1386_o 49_o 1435_o 59_o xlii_o vladislaus_n vi_o 1435_o 21_o 1446_o 60_o xliii_o casimir_n iu._n 1446_o 43_o 1493_o 63_o xliv_o john_n albert_n 1493_o 8_o 1501_o 66_o xlv_o alexander_n 1501_o 6_o 1507_o 67_o xlvi_o sigismond_n i._o 1507_o 41_o 1548_o 69_o xlvii_o sigismond_n ii_o 1548_o 26_o 1574_o 75_o xlviii_o henry_n of_o valois_n 1574_o 5_o mon._n 1577_o 85_o xlix_o stephen_n batori_fw-la 1577_o 10_o 1587._o 88_o l._n sigismond_n iii_o 1587._o 45_o 1632_o 106_o li._n vladislaus_n vii_o 1632_o 16_o 1648_o 121_o lii_o john_n casimir_n 1648_o 22_o 1670_o 124_o liii_o michael_n wiesnowiski_n 1670_o 4_o 1674_o 145_o liv._o john_n sobieski_n 1674_o 23_o 1697_o 163_o lv._o frederic_n augustus_n now_o reign_v 1697_o 5_o mon._n 207_o finis_fw-la partis_fw-la prima_fw-la a_o compendious_a plan_n of_o the_o body_n of_o physic_n a_o letter_n from_o a_o gentleman_n in_o cambridg_n to_o dr._n connor_n concern_v the_o method_n he_o use_v in_o his_o physical_a and_o anatomical_a lecture_n and_o in_o explain_v the_o materia_fw-la medica_fw-la at_o oxford_n in_o the_o year_n 1695._o sir_n we_o have_v here_o some_o account_n of_o the_o accurate_a course_n of_o the_o chemical_a and_o anatomical_a lecture_n which_o you_o perform_v last_o spring_n at_o oxford_n and_o of_o your_o new_a method_n of_o explain_v the_o virtue_n of_o medicine_n there_o with_o the_o approbation_n and_o improvement_n of_o all_o that_o have_v the_o happiness_n to_o assist_v at_o they_o i_o have_v speak_v with_o some_o curious_a genntleman_n that_o some_o year_n ago_o see_v your_o dissection_n at_o paris_n with_o the_o like_a good_a success_n and_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o your_o skill_n and_o insight_n in_o all_o the_o part_n of_o physic_n be_v considerable_o augment_v since_o by_o your_o travel_n into_o italy_n germany_n poland_n and_o the_o low_a country_n have_v have_v thereby_o the_o opportunity_n of_o converse_v with_o malpighi_n bellini_n redi_fw-la and_o the_o most_o celebrate_a physician_n of_o those_o place_n i_o have_v also_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o pleasure_n peruse_v your_o ingenious_a dissertationes_n medico-physicae_a or_o latin_a treatise_n late_o print_v at_o oxford_n concern_v malignant_a damp_n pestilential_a steam_n infectious_a air_n and_o subterraneous_a poison_n with_o certain_a other_o stupendous_a and_o rare_a phaenomena_n from_o all_o this_o i_o conclude_v that_o you_o not_o only_o understand_v chemistry_n anatomy_n and_o the_o materia_fw-la medica_fw-la very_o well_o yourself_o but_o that_o also_o you_o be_v capable_a to_o lead_v other_o into_o the_o knowledge_n of_o they_o by_o a_o most_o easy_a and_o compendious_a method_n in_o which_o opinion_n i_o be_o confirm_v by_o my_o correspondent_a in_o oxford_n many_o beside_o myself_o in_o this_o university_n do_v earnest_o wish_v that_o your_o other_o occupation_n will_v permit_v you_o to_o pass_v some_o month_n here_o with_o we_o as_o indeed_o we_o expect_v you_o shall_v when_o you_o leave_v oxford_n last_o summer_n but_o since_o it_o so_o fall_v out_o that_o your_o practice_n keep_v you_o at_o london_n we_o entreat_v the_o favour_n of_o you_o to_o let_v we_o understand_v whether_o we_o may_v obtain_v a_o scheme_n of_o your_o method_n in_o those_o physical_a exercise_n or_o whether_o at_o london_n you_o can_v spare_v any_o time_n to_o such_o as_o be_v desirous_a to_o wait_v upon_o you_o to_o this_o purpose_n sir_n by_o so_o do_v you_o be_v like_a to_o oblige_v several_a but_o more_o particular_o cambridg_n octob._n 15._o 1695._o your_o most_o humble_a and_o obedient_a servant_n c._n p._n dr._n connor_n answer_n contain_v a_o plan_n of_o his_o corpus_n rationale_n medicum_fw-la or_o of_o his_o new_a and_o compendious_a method_n chemical_a and_o anatomical_a for_o understand_v the_o oeconomia_fw-la animalis_fw-la the_o nature_n of_o disease_n and_o the_o materia_fw-la medica_fw-la sir_n whatever_o you_o be_v please_v to_o say_v in_o commendation_n of_o i_o or_o my_o book_n i_o must_v whole_o attribute_v to_o your_o civility_n and_o will_v return_v no_o other_o compliment_n to_o you_o for_o it_o but_o that_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o deserve_v your_o good_a opinion_n i_o be_o extreme_o oblige_v to_o your_o correspondent_n in_o oxon_n for_o the_o advantageous_a character_n he_o give_v of_o i_o and_o i_o assure_v you_o that_o i_o have_v not_o meet_v with_o better_a discipline_n nor_o with_o person_n more_o universal_o learn_v in_o any_o university_n of_o europe_n as_o for_o the_o method_n or_o scheme_n i_o observe_v at_o oxford_n to_o lead_v the_o proficient_n in_o physic_n and_o other_o ingenious_a gentleman_n there_o into_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o fabric_n natural_a function_n and_o distemper_n of_o the_o human_a body_n as_o likewise_o into_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o materia_fw-la medica_fw-la to_o cure_v the_o same_o disease_n it_o be_v as_o follow_v i_o consider_v man_n in_o the_o first_o place_n as_o a_o be_v compound_v of_o spirit_n and_o matter_n but_o see_v it_o be_v only_o the_o last_o of_o these_o part_n wherein_o our_o faculty_n be_v concern_v i_o take_v a_o strict_a view_n of_o the_o human_a body_n and_o find_v the_o structure_n of_o it_o like_v that_o of_o most_o other_o animal_n but_o to_o have_v any_o accurate_a knowledge_n of_o man_n we_o must_v not_o only_o have_v a_o distinct_a account_n of_o his_o constituent_a part_n but_o likewise_o of_o all_o the_o external_a body_n which_o any_o way_n affect_v he_o or_o contribute_v to_o his_o preservation_n since_o therefore_o he_o can_v live_v without_o earth_n to_o tread_v upon_o air_n to_o breath_n animal_n and_o vegetables_n to_o feed_v upon_o sun_n and_o star_n to_o afford_v he_o warmth_n and_o light_n etc._n etc._n we_o must_v by_o consequence_n examine_v the_o system_fw-la and_o element_n of_o the_o world_n and_o particular_o as_o they_o concur_v to_o the_o preservation_n or_o destruction_n of_o man._n we_o must_v be_v very_o well_o acquaint_v with_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o three_o mix_a body_n of_o our_o globe_n viz._n animal_n vegetable_n and_o mineral_n before_o we_o can_v give_v any_o tolerable_a account_n of_o the_o generation_n nourishment_n health_n disease_n or_o death_n of_o man_n before_o we_o can_v discover_v the_o admirable_a fabric_n and_o contexture_n the_o mechanic_n and_o hydraulical_a action_n chemical_a preparation_n the_o various_a operation_n of_o medicine_n and_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o other_o surprise_v phoenomena_fw-la in_o the_o human_a body_n the_o best_a method_n therefore_o i_o presume_v be_v to_o proceed_v analytical_o from_o the_o previous_a examination_n of_o all_o the_o know_a part_n of_o the_o great_a world_n to_o particular_a inquiry_n into_o the_o microcosm_n now_o the_o first_o step_n to_o this_o method_n be_v a_o good_a insight_n by_o chemical_a experiment_n into_o the_o nature_n more_o especial_o the_o figuration_n and_o quality_n of_o the_o principle_n of_o mix_a body_n and_o chief_o of_o the_o blood_n for_o the_o want_n of_o such_o a_o discovery_n which_o be_v not_o impossible_a have_v hitherto_o be_v a_o great_a obstruction_n to_o the_o improvement_n of_o natural_a philosophy_n and_o the_o practice_n of_o physic_n it_o be_v plain_a to_o i_o that_o a_o man_n void_a of_o all_o prejudice_n and_o who_o consider_v that_o all_o the_o operation_n of_o body_n be_v perform_v by_o natural_a cause_n without_o miracle_n may_v be_v easy_o convince_v that_o the_o cause_n of_o disease_n and_o the_o true_a use_n of_o application_n to_o cure_v they_o can_v be_v render_v very_o intelligible_a so_o that_o vulgar_a axiom_n that_o there_o be_v no_o certainty_n in_o physic_n will_v be_v find_v most_o erroneous_a i_o do_v it_o sir_n pretend_v to_o have_v discover_v this_o just_a method_n which_o i_o hold_v necessary_a to_o lead_v we_o into_o the_o abstruse_a secret_n of_o nature_n but_o i_o will_v fain_o hope_v that_o the_o follow_a scheme_n which_o be_v that_o i_o observe_v at_o oxford_n may_v approach_v it_o in_o some_o degree_n which_o method_n though_o it_o may_v be_v call_v altogether_o new_a may_v perhaps_o be_v a_o just_a model_n for_o other_o to_o imitate_v hereafter_o in_o the_o true_a theory_n and_o practice_n of_o physic_n which_o right_o consider_v be_v one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n a_o new_a plan_n of_o a_o animal_n oeconomy_n demonstrate_v at_o oxford_n in_o the_o spring_n anno_fw-la 1695_o at_o london_n the_o winter_n follow_v and_o at_o cambridg_n in_o the_o year_n 1696._o 1._o of_o the_o element_n