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A08591 Sir Thomas Ouerbury his obseruations in his trauailes vpon the state of the Xvii. Prouinces as they stood anno Dom. 1609 The treatie of peace being then on foote. Overbury, Thomas, Sir, 1581-1613. 1626 (1626) STC 18903; ESTC S113538 13,386 32

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old And all those Commodities that those Northerne Countries abound with and these Southerne stand in need of they likewise conuey thither which was the auncient Trade of the Easterlings And this they doe hauing little to export of their owne by buying of their Neighbour-Countries the former and selling them againe what they bring backe at their owne prises and so consequently liue vpon the idlenesse of others And to this purpose their Scituation serues fitly for Riuers of the Rhene the Maze and Skeld end all in their Dominions and the Baltike Sea lies not farre from them All which affoord them whateuer the great Continent of Germany Russia and Poland yeelds then they againe lying betweene Germany and the Sea doe furnish it backe with all Commodities forraigne To remember some pieces of their Discipline as patternes of the rest The Watches at night are neuer all of one Nation so that they can hardly concurre to giue vp any one Towne The Commissaries are no where so strict vpon Musters and where he findes a Company thither hee reduceth them so that when an Armie marcheth the List and the Poll are neuer farre disagreeing Their Army is euer well Clothed well Armed and had neuer yet occasion to mutinie for Pay or Victualls The Souldiers commit no where fewer Insolencies vpon the Burgers fewer Robberies vpon the Countrie nor the Officers fewer deceipts vpon the Souldiers And lastly they prouide well that their Generall shall haue small meanes to inuade their liberties For first their Army is composed of many Nations which haue their seuerall Commanders and the Commands are disposed by the States themselues not by the Generall And secondly he hath neuer an implicit Commission left to discretion but by reason their Countrie hath no great bounds receiues daily Commands what to doe Their Territory containes sixe entire Prouinces Holland Zealand Virick Groninghen Oueriscell and Ariezland besides three parts of Gelderland and certaine Townes in Brabant and Flanders the ground of which is for the most part fruitfull the Townes no where so equally beautifull strong and rich which equality growes by reason that they appropriate some one Staple Commodity to euery Town of note only Amsterdam not only passeth them all but euen Siuill Lisbone or any other Mart Towne in Christendome and to it is appropriated the trade of the East Indies where they maintaine commonly forty Ships besides which there goe twice a yeare from it and the adioyning Townes a great Fleete to the Baltique Sea Vpon the fall of Antwerp that rose rather then Middleborough though it stand at the same Riuers mouth and is their second Mart towne to which is appropriated our English Cloth Concerning the people they are neither much deuout nor much wicked giuen all to drinke and eminently to no other vice hard in bargaining but Iust surly and respectlesse as in all Democracies thirstie industrious and cleanly dishartened vpon the least ill successe and insolent vpon good Inuentiue in Manufactures cunning in Traffique and generally for matter of Action that naturall slownesse of theirs sutes better by reason of the aduisednesse and perseuerance it brings with it then the rashnesse and changeablenesse of the French and Florentine wits and the equality of spirits which is among them and the Swissers renders them so fit for a Democracie which kinde of Gouernment Nations of more stable wittes being once come to a Consistent greatnesse haue seldome long endured Obseruations vpon the State of the Arch-Dukes Countrie 1609. By Sir THO. OVERBVRY AS soone as I entred into the Arch-Dukes Countrie which begins after Lillow presently I beheld workes of a Prouince and those of a Prouince distressed with Warre the people heartlesse and rather repining against their Gouernours then reuengefull against the Enemies the brauery of that Gentrie which was left and the Industry of the Merchant quite decayed the Husbandman labouring only to liue without desire to be rich to anothers vse the Townes whatsoeuer concerned not the strength of them ruinous And to conclude the people here growing poore with lesse taxes then they flourish with on the States side This Warre hath kept the King of Spaine busie euer since it began which some 38. yeares agoe and spending all the Money that the Indies and all the Men that Spaine and Italy could affoord hath withdrawne him from perseuering in any other Enterprise Neither could he giue ouer this without forgoing the meanes to vndertake any thing hereafter vpon France or England and consequently the hope of the Westerne Monarchy For without that handle the Mynes of Peru had done little hurt in these parts in comparison of what they haue The cause of the expensefulnes of it is the remotenesse of those Prouinces from Spaine by reason of which euery Souldier of Spain or Italy before he can arriue there costs the King an hundred Crownes and not aboue one of ten that arriues prooues good besides by reason of the distance a great part of the Money is drunke vp betwixt the Officers that conuey it and pay it The cause of the continuance of it is not only the strength of the Enemy but partly by reason that the Commanders themselues are content the War shall last so to maintaine and render themselues necessaries and partly because the people of those Countries are not so eager to haue the other reduced as willing to be in the like state themselues The vsuall Reuenew of those Prouinces which the Arch-Duke hath amounts to 1200000. Crownes a yeare besides which there come from Spaine euery Moneth to maintaine the War 150000. Crownes It was at the first 300000. Crownes a moneth but it fell by fifties to this at the time when the Treaty began Flanders payes more toward the warre then all the rest as Holland doth with the States There is no Spaniard of the Counsell of State nor Gouernour of any Prouince but of the Counsell of Warre which is only actiue There they only are and haue in their hands all the strong Townes Castles of those Prouinces of which the Gouernours haue but only the Title The Nations of which their Armie consists are chiefly Spaniards Italians emulous one of another there as on the other side the French and English and of the Country chiefly Burgundians and Wallons The Popes Letters and Spinola's inclination keepe the Italians there almost in equality of Command with the Spaniard himselfe The Gouernors for the King of Spaine there successiuely haue bin the D. of Alva Don Lewis de Requiesens Don Iohn d'Austria the Prince of Parma the Arch-Duke Ernestus the Cardinall Andrew of Austrich and the Cardinall Albert till he maried the Infanta Where the Dominion of the Ach-Duke and the States part there also changeth the nature of the Country that is about Antwerp For all below being flat and betwixt Medow and Marsh thence it begins to rise and become Champion and consequently the people are more quicke and spiritfull as the Brabanter Flemming and Wallon The