according_a to_o my_o say_a conclusion_n of_o my_o case_n here_o the_o king_n have_v a_o part_n the_o prince_n a_o part_n and_o the_o subject_a a_o part_n of_o the_o ground_n leave_v by_o the_o sea_n my_o tenet_n therefore_o be_v these_o first_o that_o the_o subject_n may_v have_v the_o ground_n of_o the_o sea_n to_o the_o low-water_n mark_n and_o that_o no_o custom_n can_v extend_v the_o ownership_n of_o a_o subject_a further_o that_o a_o subject_n can_v have_v the_o ground_n to_o the_o low-water_n mark_n but_o by_o custom_n and_o prescription_n and_o i_o take_v it_o that_o it_o be_v very_o disputable_a whether_o ground_n before_o they_o be_v relinquish_v by_o the_o sea_n may_v be_v gain_v by_o charter_n and_o grant_n from_o the_o crown_n i_o suppose_v they_o may_v that_o the_o word_n incrementum_fw-la &_o decrementum_fw-la maris_fw-la be_v full_o describe_v by_o the_o say_a record_n of_o 43_o e._n 3._o of_o the_o abbot_n of_o ramsey_n that_o be_v that_o if_o the_o decrease_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v by_o little_a and_o unperceiveable_a mean_n and_o grow_v only_o in_o long_a tract_n of_o time_n whereby_o some_o addition_n be_v make_v to_o the_o frontager_n ground_n these_o by_o these_o word_n may_v appertain_v to_o the_o subject_n and_o herein_o the_o say_a word_n have_v no_o other_o operation_n but_o land_n leave_v to_o the_o shore_n by_o great_a quantity_n and_o by_o a_o sudden_a occasion_n and_o perceivable_a mean_n accrue_v whole_o to_o the_o king_n that_o the_o increase_n to_o the_o say_a county_n palatine_n for_o the_o cause_n aforesaid_a do_v appertain_v to_o the_o prince_n as_o earl_n of_o chester_n the_o shore_n but_o now_o i_o be_o arrive_v at_o the_o continent_n and_o the_o first_o ground_n i_o set_v my_o foot_n on_o be_v the_o shore_n which_o in_o latin_a be_v call_v littus_n maris_n it_o take_v the_o name_n whole_o from_o the_o sea_n as_o partake_v most_o with_o her_o nature_n and_o so_o exit_fw-la digniori_fw-la parte_fw-la appellatur_fw-la yet_o it_o be_v not_o all_o one_o with_o the_o sea_n nor_o with_o the_o land_n but_o participate_v with_o they_o both_o and_o mr._n bracton_n in_o his_o second_o book_n chap._n 12._o say_v that_o littora_fw-la maris_fw-la bracton_n bracton_n accessoria_fw-la what_o the_o shore_n be_v appear_v by_o justinian_n the_o emperor_n in_o his_o institutes_n lib._n 2._o pag._n 141._o and_o be_v there_o thus_o define_v justinian_n justinian_n littus_n maris_fw-la est_fw-la quousque_fw-la maximus_fw-la hibernicus_n &_o jus_o fluctus_fw-la eluderet_fw-la &_o quousque_fw-la fluctus_fw-la maris_fw-la in_o estate_n longius_fw-la exestuat_fw-la and_o with_o this_o agree_v cicero_n topicorum_fw-la the_o shore_n be_v not_o count_v for_o land_n or_o ground_n gain_v from_o the_o sea_n or_o leave_v by_o it_o because_o at_o cicero_n cicero_n every_o full_a sea_n it_o be_v cover_v with_o the_o water_n thereof_o in_o the_o 13._o chapter_n of_o st._n matthews_n gospel_n ver_fw-la 2_o 3._o it_o be_v say_v that_o 3._o mat._n 13._o 2_o 3._o our_o saviour_n jesus_n go_v into_o a_o ship_n and_o sate_v there_o and_o the_o whole_a multitude_n stand_v on_o the_o shore_n and_o he_o speak_v unto_o they_o hereby_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o shore_n be_v the_o dry_a land_n because_o they_o stand_v thereon_o and_o it_o be_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o ground_n for_o thereon_o stand_v a_o multitude_n and_o it_o be_v near_o the_o brink_n of_o the_o water_n because_o they_o hear_v jesus_n speak_v unto_o they_o out_o of_o the_o ship_n in_o point_n of_o property_n and_o ownership_n it_o be_v the_o king_n as_o lord_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o as_o sir_n henry_n constable_n case_n be_v a_o subject_n may_v have_v the_o same_o as_o belong_v to_o his_o manor_n by_o prescription_n in_o the_o imperial_a law_n which_o the_o civilian_n use_v the_o sea_n shore_n be_v hold_v to_o be_v common_a to_o all_o and_o that_o it_o be_v as_o lawful_a for_o diogenes_n the_o poor_a cynic_n as_o croesus_n the_o rich_a king_n casam_n 161._o ponere_fw-la &_o retia_fw-la siccare_fw-la but_o our_o common_a law_n of_o england_n do_v in_o reason_n much_o surpass_v either_o the_o imperial_a law_n or_o the_o civil_a law_n in_o distinguish_v upon_o these_o for_o it_o be_v say_v rex_fw-la in_fw-la ca_fw-mi habit_n proprietatem_fw-la sed_fw-la populus_fw-la habet_fw-la usum_fw-la ibidem_fw-la necessarium_fw-la so_o that_o as_o to_o the_o lade_n and_o unlade_v of_o ship_n and_o for_o dry_v of_o net_n there_o and_o for_o other_o necessary_a business_n the_o subject_n have_v these_o use_n therein_o but_o the_o soil_n and_o ground_n thereof_o belong_v proper_o dom_a '_o regi_fw-la and_o a_o subject_n may_v have_v the_o same_o by_o prescription_n and_o therefore_o such_o as_o hold_v the_o shore_n to_o be_v the_o extreme_a point_n both_o of_o land_n and_o water_n be_v in_o a_o great_a error_n for_o as_o justinian_n say_v in_o his_o institutes_n quod_fw-la gemmae_fw-la &_o lapilli_fw-la praeciosi_fw-la inveniuntur_fw-la which_o can_v be_v take_v no_o otherwise_o sed_fw-la super_fw-la terram_fw-la aqua_fw-la relictam_fw-la so_o that_o this_o shall_v suffice_v to_o have_v say_v concern_v the_o sea_n shore_n sea_n coast_n the_o coast_n of_o the_o sea_n come_v next_o in_o order_n to_o be_v treat_v of_o costera_fw-la maris_fw-la be_v word_n well_o know_v but_o their_o confine_a definition_n be_v hard_o to_o be_v find_v out_o yet_o certain_o they_o contain_v the_o shore_n and_o bank_n for_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 27._o eliz._n chap._n 24._o a_o act_n be_v make_v for_o the_o mend_n of_o the_o bank_n and_o 24._o 27_o eliz._n 24._o sea_n work_v on_o the_o sea_n coast_n but_o in_o the_o 7._o chap._n of_o maccabee_n coast_n have_v a_o large_a extent_n for_o there_o demetrius_n son_n of_o seleucus_n depart_v from_o rome_n and_o come_v to_o a_o city_n of_o the_o sea_n 7._o maccabee_n 7._o coast_n here_o a_o whole_a city_n be_v set_v on_o the_o sea_n coast_n and_o in_o justine_n treat_v of_o alexander_n the_o great_a it_o be_v report_v of_o he_o that_o he_o enter_v into_o licia_n and_o pamphilia_n and_o win_v and_o conquer_v all_o justine_n justine_n the_o sea_n coast_n this_o can_v be_v take_v for_o no_o less_o than_o whole_a country_n for_o alexander_n great_a mind_n and_o huge_a army_n can_v not_o march_v on_o a_o molehill_n or_o small_a tract_n of_o ground_n in_o st._n mark_n chap._n 7._o it_o be_v thus_o write_v that_o jesus_n depart_v from_o the_o coast_n of_o tyre_n and_o sydon_n come_v to_o galilee_n so_o that_o it_o may_v thereby_o be_v gather_v that_o these_o coast_n be_v near_o the_o sea_n for_o our_o saviour_n be_v no_o soon_o out_o of_o the_o coast_n but_o he_o be_v on_o the_o sea_n which_o show_v that_o sea_n and_o coast_n be_v contiguè_fw-fr jacentia_fw-la yet_o no_o certain_a definition_n can_v i_o find_v of_o the_o word_n coast_n of_o the_o sea_n but_o by_o these_o and_o such_o like_a description_n yet_o this_o i_o gather_v and_o collect_v thereby_o that_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n a_o whole_a kingdom_n lie_v next_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o sea_n coast_n and_o a_o whole_a county_n in_o respect_n of_o a_o kingdom_n and_o in_o my_o opinion_n the_o next_o town_n and_o territory_n thereof_o lie_v next_o to_o the_o sea_n be_v in_o our_o law_n take_v to_o be_v the_o sea_n coast_n and_o no_o other_o and_o therefore_o some_o do_v much_o err_v which_o take_v coast_n to_o be_v the_o edge_n of_o land_n next_o the_o water_n and_o shore_n to_o be_v the_o brink_n of_o the_o water_n next_o the_o land_n quasi_fw-la duo_fw-la opposita_fw-la and_o because_o creek_n havens_n and_o port_n be_v all_o of_o they_o within_o the_o charge_n of_o this_o law_n and_o this_o statute_n be_v material_o make_v in_o defence_n thereof_o and_o as_o they_o differ_v in_o appellation_n so_o they_o vary_v in_o definition_n yet_o they_o do_v in_o some_o thing_n agree_v in_o the_o material_a i_o will_v therefore_o deliver_v my_o opinion_n of_o they_o creek_n creek_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v a_o inlet_n of_o sea_n corner_a into_o the_o main_a land_n shoot_v with_o a_o narrow_a passage_n into_o some_o angle_n of_o the_o land_n and_o therein_o stretch_v itself_o more_o then_o ordinary_a into_o the_o land_n and_o so_o hold_v not_o even_a quarter_n with_o the_o levant_n sea_n and_o such_o creek_n or_o inlet_n we_o common_o term_v in_o the_o law_n to_o be_v arm_n of_o the_o sea_n for_o like_a as_o the_o arm_n of_o a_o man_n shoot_v out_o from_o the_o body_n so_o by_o a_o metaphor_n the_o inlet_n or_o corner_n of_o the_o sea_n let_v into_o the_o land_n be_v call_v a_o arm_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o although_o it_o go_v far_o into_o the_o land_n yet_o the_o point_n of_o land_n on_o both_o side_n may_v well_o be_v discover_v and_o this_o appear_v in_o that_o great_a arm_n of_o the_o sea_n on_o humber_n where_o it_o
and_o that_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o h._n 4._o extend_v to_o such_o wear_v kiddel_n etc._n etc._n and_o other_o let_v as_o be_v erect_v before_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n ed._n the_o first_o and_o which_o have_v be_v inhanuce_v and_o exalt_v sithence_o and_o so_o be_v out_o of_o all_o those_o law_n because_o there_o be_v no_o such_o inhaunce_n and_o the_o statute_n of_o 23_o h._n 8._o which_o i_o now_o read_v on_o do_v not_o alter_v the_o former_a statute_n in_o these_o point_n but_o provide_v that_o all_o and_o every_o statute_n act_n and_o ordinance_n heretofore_o make_v concern_v the_o premise_n in_o that_o act_n recite_v not_o be_v contrary_a nor_o before_o then_o repeal_v shall_v stand_v then_o in_o force_n but_o the_o say_a judge_n do_v hold_v opinion_n that_o all_o the_o say_a statute_n stand_v unrepealed_a and_o accord_o make_v their_o report_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o council_n there_o be_v many_o private_a statute_n make_v for_o the_o abate_v private_a wear_v in_o some_o stream_n which_o be_v not_o within_o my_o intent_n to_o recite_v further_o than_o by_o name_v of_o they_o because_o i_o take_v it_o they_o be_v not_o confirm_v by_o the_o statute_n i_o read_v on_o as_o 11_o h._n 7._o cap._n 5._o southampton_n 14_o h._n 8._o cap._n 13._o 23_o h._n 8._o cap._n 18._o havens_n 25_o h._n 8._o cap._n 7._o for_o kill_a fry_n of_o salmon_n 27_o h._n 8._o rastal_n havens_n 9_o 10_o 11._o in_o 19_o jacobi_n regis_fw-la there_o be_v a_o great_a cause_n depend_v in_o the_o court_n of_o the_o duchy_n at_o westminster_n between_o benedict_n hall_n esquire_n plaintiff_n and_o john_n mason_n george_n worral_n and_o thomas_n powel_n defendant_n which_o be_v in_o effect_n as_o follow_v that_o queen_n mary_n be_v seize_v of_o the_o manor_n of_o monmouth_n with_o the_o appurtenance_n in_o that_o county_n and_o of_o a_o free_a fish_n in_o the_o river_n of_o wye_n and_o of_o a_o be_v and_o a_o fish_n yard_n there_o which_o be_v erect_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o say_a queen_n in_o the_o place_n where_o a_o old_a foundation_n of_o a_o ancient_a be_v do_v stand_v this_o be_v have_v be_v let_v by_o the_o say_a queen_n and_o also_o by_o queen_n elizabeth_n under_o the_o seal_n of_o the_o say_a duchy_n by_o yearly_a rent_n and_o so_o there_o be_v ancient_a precedent_n show_v in_o that_o court_n whereby_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o ancient_a be_v there_o have_v be_v let_v to_o farm_n by_o the_o earl_n and_o duke_n of_o lancaster_n and_o by_o the_o king_n and_o duke_n for_o a_o long_a time_n for_o yearly_a rent_n so_o that_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o it_o be_v a_o ancient_a be_v time_n out_o of_o memory_n and_o this_o be_v and_o fishyard_n and_o the_o profit_n of_o fish_v be_v let_v by_o the_o king_n majesty_n that_o now_o be_v under_o the_o seal_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o lancaster_n in_o the_o ten_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n to_o one_o john_n abrahall_v esquire_n for_o one_o and_o thirty_o year_n for_o and_o under_o the_o yearly_a rent_n of_o six_o pound_n thirteen_o shilling_n and_o four_o penny_n payable_a to_o his_o majesty_n his_o heir_n and_o successor_n and_o the_o say_v abrahal_n be_v so_o thereof_o possess_v do_v afterward_o in_o the_o ten_o year_n assign_v the_o same_o to_o one_o william_n hall_n esquire_n by_o reason_n whereof_o the_o say_v william_n hall_n be_v thereof_o possess_v and_o in_o the_o 12._o year_n of_o this_o king_n make_v his_o last_o will_n and_o testament_n and_o do_v thereby_o ordain_v the_o complainant_a his_o executor_n and_o after_o die_v by_o and_o after_o who_o decease_n the_o complainant_n come_v to_o be_v possess_v of_o the_o say_a lease_n and_o term_n therein_o to_o come_v and_o in_o the_o nineteenth_o jacobi_n regis_fw-la the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n in_o those_o part_n cause_v a_o jury_n to_o be_v impanel_v and_o swear_v touch_v this_o be_v &_o fishyard_n and_o give_v therein_o a_o verdict_n to_o this_o effect_n that_o be_v that_o benedict_n hall_n the_o complainant_n be_v possess_v of_o the_o say_a be_v call_v monmouth_n be_v upon_o the_o river_n of_o wye_n which_o be_v excessive_a high_a and_o hurtful_a and_o be_v a_o impediment_n to_o the_o common_a passage_n of_o boat_n bark_n and_o ballanger_n up_o and_o down_o the_o say_a river_n and_o by_o mean_n thereof_o they_o can_v not_o pass_v but_o in_o great_a danger_n which_o if_o the_o say_a be_v be_v not_o boat_n of_o two_o or_o three_o tun_n may_v pass_v the_o river_n and_o that_o the_o say_v be_v have_v be_v the_o death_n &_o drown_v of_o one_o of_o the_o king_n subject_n and_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o scarcity_n dearness_n and_o want_n of_o salmon_n and_o other_o fish_n within_o the_o say_a river_n by_o reason_n many_o of_o they_o be_v take_v in_o gin_n of_o the_o say_a be_v when_o they_o be_v out_o of_o season_n and_o that_o the_o same_o be_v a_o great_a abuse_n wrong_v enormity_n and_o annoyance_n to_o the_o whole_a country_n whereupon_o the_o say_v commissioner_n make_v a_o ordinance_n or_o decree_n set_v forth_o thereby_o in_o effect_n as_o follow_v that_o whereas_o it_o do_v appear_v to_o they_o as_o well_o by_o the_o examination_n of_o witness_n as_o by_o the_o say_a verdict_n of_o the_o juror_n and_o by_o their_o view_n that_o the_o say_v be_v be_v a_o great_a let_v and_o hindrance_n to_o the_o common_a passage_n of_o boat_n and_o ballanger_n up_o and_o down_o the_o river_n endanger_n of_o the_o life_n of_o the_o king_n subject_n and_o to_o the_o destruction_n of_o fish_n as_o the_o salmon_n and_o fry_n thereof_o they_o therefore_o order_v that_o the_o say_a be_v shall_v be_v overthrow_v and_o that_o the_o timber_n and_o stone_n thereof_o shall_v be_v remove_v whereby_o the_o channel_n shall_v be_v clear_v for_o passage_n of_o boat_n and_o according_o do_v direct_v their_o warrant_n under_o their_o hand_n and_o seal_n to_o the_o defendant_n authorise_v they_o thereby_o to_o overthrow_v the_o say_a be_v which_o they_o perform_v according_o and_o all_o this_o matter_n of_o the_o verdict_n of_o the_o jury_n and_o decree_n of_o the_o commissioner_n be_v set_v forth_o at_o large_a in_o the_o defendant_n answer_n and_o after_o examination_n and_o publication_n of_o witness_n the_o cause_n come_v to_o be_v hear_v in_o the_o say_a duchy_n court_n before_o sir_n humphrey_n may_v knight_n chancellor_z of_o the_o duchy_n sir_n john_n denham_n knight_n one_o of_o his_o highness_n baron_n of_o the_o exchequer_n a_o assistant_n to_o that_o court_n and_o sir_n tho_n chamber_n lie_v knight_n one_o of_o the_o king_n justice_n of_o his_o bench_n another_o assistant_n of_o the_o say_a court_n and_o sir_n edward_n mosley_n knight_n attorney_n of_o the_o say_a court_n who_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o say_a be_v be_v a_o anclent_fw-la be_v by_o prescription_n and_o custom_n it_o ought_v not_o to_o have_v be_v overthrow_v by_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n and_o that_o the_o say_a verdict_n of_o the_o juror_n be_v defective_a because_o though_o they_o present_v the_o say_v be_v to_o be_v over_o high_a and_o enhanced_a yet_o in_o regard_n they_o do_v not_o present_a in_o quanto_fw-la nor_o in_fw-la qua_fw-la parte_fw-la the_o say_a be_v be_v enhance_v above_o the_o ancient_a assize_n therefore_o they_o esteem_v the_o say_a verdict_n of_o no_o validity_n but_o now_o it_o come_v next_o in_o time_n and_o turn_v to_o declare_v my_o opinion_n touch_v and_o concern_v bridge_n mill_n mildam_n milstank_n floodgate_n heck_n lock_n and_o hebbingwere_n which_o in_o the_o say_a statute_n be_v set_v forth_o for_o let_n impediment_n and_o annoyance_n wherein_o they_o be_v to_o receive_v their_o exposition_n according_a to_o the_o say_a case_n of_o wear_v without_o other_o distinction_n for_o if_o they_o have_v have_v continuance_n time_n out_o of_o memory_n then_o be_v they_o the_o proper_a and_o peculiar_a inheritance_n of_o the_o king_n or_o of_o his_o subject_n allow_v by_o ancient_a custom_n confirm_v by_o long_a use_n and_o to_o remain_v establish_v without_o overthrow_v or_o destroy_v but_o if_o they_o have_v be_v enhance_v or_o enlarge_v over_o their_o ancient_a and_o accustom_a assize_n than_o the_o enlargement_n and_o excess_n be_v only_o to_o be_v abate_v and_o no_o more_o for_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o h._n 4._o say_v that_o there_o must_v be_v leave_v sufficient_a substance_n of_o the_o ancient_a and_o if_o any_o new_a be_v stanke_z stake_n floodgate_n kiddel_n or_o other_o thing_n have_v of_o late_o be_v erect_v on_o the_o river_n which_o be_v a_o annoyance_n or_o hurtful_a than_o the_o same_o may_v be_v order_v by_o the_o commissioner_n to_o be_v abate_v overthrow_v destroy_v and_o pull_v down_o because_o the_o same_o be_v erect_v without_o lawful_a warrant_n or_o authority_n and_o so_o as_o
can_v be_v impart_v to_o another_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o personal_a view_n can_v be_v lend_v to_o another_o or_o divide_v from_o the_o person_n no_o more_o can_v the_o personal_a touch_n or_o act_v of_o my_o hand_n be_v impart_v to_o another_o and_o yet_o express_v livery_n which_o be_v the_o deed_n and_o act_n of_o the_o hand_n may_v be_v do_v per_fw-la auter_n main_a sir_n francis_n englefields_n case_n in_o the_o seven_o report_n of_o sir_n case_n 7._o report_n englefields_n case_n edward_n cook_n give_v we_o a_o pretty_a difference_n where_o the_o act_n to_o be_v do_v be_v unseparable_o tie_v to_o one_o person_n and_o where_o not_o as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o thomas_n duke_n of_o norfolk_n where_o upon_o conveyance_n of_o divers_a manor_n to_o philip_n earl_n of_o arundel_n his_o son_n there_o be_v a_o proviso_n that_o the_o duke_n may_v revoke_v the_o same_o upon_o signify_v of_o his_o mind_n under_o his_o own_o proper_a hand_n in_o writing_n etc._n etc._n this_o power_n of_o revocation_n be_v not_o transfer_v to_o the_o queen_n by_o the_o attainder_n of_o the_o duke_n because_o it_o be_v inseparable_o tie_v to_o his_o own_o proper_a hand_n but_o the_o principal_a case_n there_o of_o englefield_n where_o the_o case_n canc._n in_o combs_n case_n land_n be_v settle_v upon_o his_o kinsman_n with_o power_n that_o upon_o tender_a of_o a_o ring_n by_o he_o he_o may_v revoke_v the_o use_n and_o this_o be_v forfeit_a by_o his_o attainder_n and_o the_o queen_n by_o a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n make_v to_o two_o do_v tender_v the_o ring_n for_o this_o be_v not_o precise_o or_o literal_o tie_v to_o englefields_n person_n no_o more_o than_o payment_n of_o money_n or_o such_o like_a and_o so_o in_o our_o case_n though_o by_o the_o law_n i_o take_v it_o that_o livery_n within_o the_o view_n must_v be_v in_o the_o view_n of_o both_o the_o party_n yet_o this_o may_v be_v do_v by_o attorney_n for_o as_o my_o own_o hand_n be_v not_o precise_o tie_v by_o the_o law_n to_o a_o express_a livery_n no_o more_o be_v my_o own_o eye_n express_o tie_v to_o this_o view_n and_o we_o see_v in_o view_n in_o a_o assize_n the_o under_o sheriff_n or_o dier_n 36._o h._n 8._o dier_n the_o sheriff_n bailiff_n by_o his_o direction_n may_v make_v the_o view_n and_o yet_o the_o writ_n be_v direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n to_o do_v the_o same_o case_n morse_n &_o penningtons_n case_n and_o in_o those_o case_n a_o intellectual_a view_n will_v serve_v as_o if_o the_o juror_n know_v the_o land_n but_o such_o a_o intellectual_a view_n will_v not_o serve_v in_o a_o feoffment_n but_o there_o the_o view_n must_v be_v actual_a yet_o i_o take_v this_o difference_n that_o if_o a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n be_v direct_v to_o a._n b._n to_o make_v livery_n and_o seisin_n he_o can_v do_v the_o same_o within_o the_o view_n for_o therein_o he_o do_v not_o pursue_v his_o warrant_n but_o if_o the_o letter_n of_o attorney_n be_v special_a to_o give_v or_o take_v livery_n within_o the_o view_n i_o be_o of_o opinion_n than_o the_o livery_n may_v in_o such_o a_o case_n be_v give_v and_o take_v by_o attorney_n within_o the_o view_n as_o well_o as_o in_o comb_n case_v in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n 9_o report_n where_o it_o be_v affirm_v that_o a_o surrender_n of_o a_o copyhold_n may_v be_v give_v and_o take_v by_o attorney_n which_o be_v as_o personal_a as_o this_o be_v in_o the_o take_a part_n because_o fealty_n ought_v to_o be_v make_v some_o thing_n may_v in_o this_o case_n be_v further_o allege_v in_o this_o three_o point_n which_o i_o now_o have_v in_o hand_n that_o be_v who_o must_v make_v the_o letter_n of_o attorney_n on_o the_o feoffee_n part_n whether_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n or_o he_o in_o the_o remainder_n or_o both_o of_o they_o for_o lessee_n for_o year_n it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o his_o estate_n have_v not_o any_o perfection_n thereby_o and_o he_o seem_v himself_o but_o a_o deputy_n and_o if_o so_o than_o a_o deputy_n can_v make_v a_o deputy_n but_o yet_o he_o be_v not_o mere_o a_o deputy_n for_o if_o there_o be_v two_o lessee_n the_o remainder_n in_o fee_n to_o i._n s._n one_o of_o the_o lessee_n may_v take_v the_o livery_n and_o seisin_n yet_o if_o a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n be_v make_v to_o two_o joint_o one_o of_o they_o can_v take_v it_o and_o if_o in_o our_o case_n the_o lessee_n have_v dye_v before_o entry_n the_o livery_n may_v have_v be_v make_v to_o his_o executor_n and_o power_n and_o authority_n can_v be_v apportion_v and_o come_v to_o executor_n in_o such_o manner_n ergo_fw-la it_o be_v more_o than_o a_o power_n of_o a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n for_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a and_o for_o these_o ensue_a for_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n can_v be_v prohibit_v from_o take_v his_o livery_n by_o the_o lessor_n but_o a_o letter_n of_o attorney_n may_v be_v countermand_v yet_o the_o lessee_n alone_o can_v make_v this_o letter_n of_o attorney_n neither_o can_v he_o in_o the_o remainder_n make_v the_o same_o because_o he_o can_v not_o himself_o accept_v of_o the_o present_a livery_n neither_o can_v he_o meddle_v with_o the_o present_a possession_n which_o a_o livery_n and_o scisin_n yield_v but_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n that_o lessee_n for_o year_n and_o he_o in_o remainder_n must_v join_v in_o the_o letter_n of_o attorney_n for_o these_o reason_n first_o they_o be_v both_o one_o party_n to_o the_o deed_n so_o ought_v they_o to_o be_v to_o the_o letter_n of_o attorney_n which_o be_v to_o give_v life_n thereunto_o second_o they_o be_v but_o in_o law_n one_o tenant_n three_o they_o shall_v join_v in_o advoury_a and_o in_o many_o case_n the_o lessee_n shall_v have_v aid_n of_o he_o in_o remainder_n for_o the_o privity_n between_o their_o estate_n and_o although_o the_o lessee_n get_v no_o estate_n by_o the_o livery_n yet_o he_o assist_v himself_o thereby_o with_o the_o aid_n and_o strength_n of_o he_o in_o the_o remainder_n and_o the_o livery_n go_v through_o his_o estate_n and_o so_o pass_v into_o the_o remainder_n therefore_o my_o conclusion_n be_v that_o they_o shall_v join_v in_o this_o letter_n of_o attorney_n and_o hereby_o i_o suppose_v i_o have_v convey_v a_o good_a estate_n in_o the_o manner_n to_o i._o s._n in_o the_o remainder_n to_o maintain_v my_o position_n for_o he_o in_o the_o end_n of_o my_o case_n and_o here_o i_o end_v my_o three_o common_a law_n point_n and_o now_o be_o come_v to_o the_o statute_n the_o reader_n argument_n upon_o the_o statute_n and_o commission_n the_o sea_n within_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n first_o touch_v our_o mare_n anglicum_fw-la in_o who_o the_o interest_n therein_o be_v and_o by_o what_o law_n the_o government_n thereof_o be_v be_v a_o fit_a question_n and_o worth_n the_o handle_n and_o in_o my_o argument_n therein_o i_o hope_v to_o make_v it_o manifest_a by_o many_o proof_n and_o precident_n of_o great_a worth_n and_o esteem_n that_o the_o king_n have_v therein_o these_o power_n and_o property_n videlicet_fw-la 1._o imperium_fw-la regale_n 2._o potestatem_fw-la legalem_fw-la 3._o proprietatem_fw-la tam_fw-la soli_fw-la quam_fw-la aquae_fw-la 4._o possessionem_fw-la &_o proficuum_fw-la tam_fw-la real_a quam_fw-la personale_fw-la and_o all_o these_o he_o have_v by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n in_o the_o 6._o r._n 2._o fitz._n prot._n 46._o it_o be_v say_v that_o the_o sea_n be_v within_o 2._o 6._o r._n 2._o the_o legiance_n of_o the_o king_n as_o of_o his_o crown_n of_o england_n this_o prove_v that_o on_o the_o sea_n the_o king_n have_v dominationem_fw-la &_o imperium_fw-la ut_fw-la rex_fw-la angliae_fw-la and_o this_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n the_o charter_n of_o the_o admiral_n of_o england_n have_v these_o word_n charter_n admiral_n charter_n in_o it_o quod_fw-la habeat_fw-la potestatem_fw-la in_o causis_fw-la maritimis_fw-la ac_fw-la omne_fw-la bona_fw-la waviata_fw-la flotsan_fw-la jetsan_n &_o lagan_n ac_fw-la omne_fw-la bona_fw-la mercimonia_fw-la &_o catalla_fw-la in_o mare_fw-la depordita_fw-la seu_fw-la extra_fw-la mare_fw-la projecta_fw-la ac_fw-la omne_fw-la &_o singula_fw-la casualia_fw-la tam_fw-la in_o vel_fw-la super_fw-la mare_fw-la vel_fw-la littora_fw-la crecas_fw-la vel_fw-la coster_fw-la as_o maris_fw-la quam_fw-la in_o vel_fw-la super_fw-la aquas_fw-la dulces_fw-la portus_fw-la flumina_fw-la rivos_fw-la aut_fw-la alios_fw-la locos_fw-la superinundatos_fw-la quoscunque_fw-la inter_fw-la fluxum_fw-la &_o refluxum_fw-la maris_fw-la ceu_fw-la aquae_fw-la ad_fw-la plenitudinem_fw-la à _fw-la quibuscunque_fw-la primis_fw-la pontibus_fw-la versus_fw-la mare_fw-la per_fw-la totum_fw-la regnum_fw-la angliae_fw-la imprimis_fw-la this_o charter_n be_v under_o the_o great_a seal_n of_o england_n quod_fw-la est_fw-la lex_fw-la angliae_fw-la the_o king_n grant_v to_o the_o admiral_n thereby_o power_n in_o maritine_n cause_n which_o prove_v the_o king_n legal_a power_n and_o jurisdiction_n on_o
high_a way_n or_o stream_n as_o to_o erect_v bridge_n or_o other_o engine_n thereon_o without_o lawful_a warrant_n bridge_n in_o highway_n where_o there_o be_v no_o stream_n under_o but_o only_o some_o petty_a land_n stream_n at_o rain_n and_o wet_a season_n these_o be_v dry_a bridge_n and_o be_v not_o within_o this_o statute_n of_o sewer_n but_o yet_o they_o be_v within_o the_o statute_n of_o 22_o h._n 8._o if_o they_o stand_v on_o highway_n in_o 14_o jacobi_n regis_n it_o be_v find_v by_o inquisition_n take_v at_o the_o city_n of_o lincoln_n in_o the_o guild-hall_n there_o jac._n 14_o jac._n before_o sir_n thomas_n grantham_n knight_n and_o myself_o and_o other_o commissioner_n of_o the_o sewer_n that_o the_o great_a bridge_n at_o bracebridge_n near_o the_o city_n of_o lincoln_n and_o stand_v upon_o the_o river_n of_o wytham_n thirty_o mile_n from_o the_o sea_n be_v fall_v into_o great_a decay_n whereby_o cart_n carriage_n &_o man_n on_o horseback_n can_v not_o pass_v over_o the_o same_o as_o in_o time_n past_a have_v be_v use_v in_o defect_n of_o hen._n sapcots_n esq_n who_o ought_v to_o repair_v a_o part_n thereof_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o manor_n of_o bracebridge_n and_o of_o bartholomew_n gregge_n who_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o house_n stand_v at_o the_o bridge_n foot_n call_v the_o hermitage_n on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o river_n aught_o to_o repair_v another_o part_n and_o of_o the_o corporation_n of_o lincoln_n who_o be_v to_o repair_v a_o part_n thereof_o and_o of_o the_o country_n of_o moreland_n who_o use_v to_o repair_v another_o part_n and_o the_o same_o be_v decree_v according_o but_o mr._n sapcot_n without_o cause_n find_v himself_o grieve_v thereat_o prefer_v his_o bill_n into_o the_o exchequer_n chamber_n against_o sir_n thomas_n grantham_n and_o other_o to_o be_v relieve_v therein_o and_o do_v allege_v that_o the_o same_o stand_v far_o from_o the_o sea_n pretend_v thereby_o that_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n have_v no_o power_n to_o deal_v with_o the_o same_o but_o at_o the_o hear_n of_o the_o cause_n in_o anno_fw-la 16._o jac._n he_o be_v overrule_v in_o that_o and_o all_o other_o part_n of_o this_o suit_n a_o calcey_n a_o calcey_n or_o calsway_n be_v a_o passage_n make_v by_o art_n of_o earth_n gravel_n stone_n and_o such_o like_a on_z or_o over_o some_o high_a or_o common_a way_n lead_v through_o surround_v ground_n for_o the_o safe_a passage_n of_o the_o king_n liege_n people_n and_o these_o calceys_n have_v always_o be_v express_v in_o the_o ancient_a commission_n of_o the_o sewer_n in_o the_o register_n fitz._n nat_n breed_v and_o in_o the_o statute_n of_o 6_o h._n 6._o cap_n 5._o but_o not_o any_o calceys_n be_v in_o these_o law_n but_o 6._o register_n f._n h._n n._n b._n 6._o h._n 6._o such_o as_o be_v over_o surround_v and_o low_a ground_n as_o that_o of_o barston_n bank_n southy_n bank_n and_o such_o like_a but_o touch_v calceys_n lie_v in_o town_n and_o village_n which_o be_v in_o the_o high_a uplandish_a country_n this_o law_n do_v not_o in_o any_o sort_n extend_v unto_o they_o but_o all_o calceys_n lead_v over_o the_o say_a bridge_n and_o near_o unto_o they_o be_v provide_v for_o by_o this_o law_n yet_o no_o private_a calceys_n be_v to_o be_v deal_v withal_o by_o the_o say_a commissioner_n goat_n goat_n be_v usual_a engine_n erect_v and_o build_v with_o perculless_n and_o door_n of_o timber_n stone_n or_o brick_n invent_v first_o in_o low_a germany_n and_o after_o bring_v into_o england_n and_o use_v here_o by_o imitation_n and_o experience_n have_v give_v so_o great_a approbation_n of_o they_o as_o they_o be_v now_o and_o that_o with_o good_a reason_n and_o cause_n induce_v the_o same_o account_v the_o most_o useful_a instrument_n for_o drain_n the_o water_n out_o of_o the_o land_n into_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v a_o twofold_a use_n make_v of_o they_o the_o one_o when_o fresh_a water_n flow_v and_o descend_v upon_o the_o low_a ground_n where_o these_o engine_n be_v always_o place_v and_o whereto_o all_o the_o channel_n where_o they_o stand_v have_v their_o current_n and_o drain_v direct_v the_o same_o be_v let_v out_o by_o these_o into_o some_o creek_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o if_o at_o some_o great_a flood_n the_o sea_n break_v into_o the_o land_n the_o salt_n water_n usual_o have_v their_o return_n through_o these_o back_n to_o the_o sea_n many_o of_o these_o goat_n which_o be_v place_v on_o highway_n serve_v also_o for_o bridge_n this_o goat_n be_v no_o such_o imaginary_a engine_n as_o the_o mill_n be_v which_o some_o rare_a wise_a man_n of_o late_a have_v invent_v but_o this_o invention_n be_v warrant_v by_o experience_n the_o other_o be_v reject_v as_o altogether_o chargeable_a and_o illusory_a yet_o these_o engine_n seem_v to_o i_o not_o to_o be_v very_o ancient_a here_o in_o this_o kingdom_n for_o that_o i_o do_v not_o find_v they_o mention_v in_o any_o of_o the_o ancient_a commission_n grant_v before_o this_o statute_n do_v express_v the_o same_o and_o sure_o this_o statute_n be_v so_o curious_a in_o the_o special_a repetition_n of_o such_o defence_n in_o specie_fw-la as_o it_o intend_v to_o defend_v and_o maintain_v that_o i_o be_o of_o opinion_n it_o can_v scarce_o be_v draw_v to_o extend_v to_o any_o other_o and_o therefore_o i_o do_v agree_v with_o the_o opinion_n of_o sir_n edward_n cook_n in_o his_o case_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n that_o a_o artificial_a mill_n and_o such_o like_a new_a invent_v engine_n be_v not_o to_o be_v erect_v by_o the_o power_n of_o these_o law_n but_o be_v once_o erect_v and_o prove_v by_o experience_n to_o be_v beneficial_a to_o the_o public_a state_n they_o may_v be_v continue_v and_o maintain_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o this_o statute_n new_a defence_n hitherto_o i_o have_v proceed_v only_o in_o the_o handle_n and_o discourse_v of_o the_o old_a and_o ancient_a defence_n which_o be_v helpful_a both_o to_o sea_n and_o land_n and_o therefore_o i_o be_o now_o desirous_a to_o enter_v into_o the_o argument_n of_o new_a defence_n be_v a_o matter_n very_o fit_a and_o apt_a to_o be_v dispute_v on_o and_o to_o give_v some_o warrant_n to_o my_o argument_n therein_o i_o have_v so_o compose_v my_o case_n as_o both_o old_a and_o new_a be_v therein_o contain_v wherein_o the_o point_n will_v be_v short_o this_o whether_o the_o new_a river_n and_o new_a bank_n mention_v in_o my_o case_n can_v be_v order_v to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o power_n and_o authority_n of_o these_o law_n and_o those_o which_o will_v take_v a_o part_n to_o argue_v on_o the_o contrary_a may_v allege_v much_o matter_n and_o many_o reason_n to_o make_v good_a their_o argument_n first_o out_o of_o the_o word_n of_o the_o law_n itself_o for_o thereby_o it_o seem_v that_o this_o statute_n can_v bear_v no_o such_o exposition_n by_o reason_n the_o word_n thereof_o literal_o take_v seem_v to_o extend_v only_o to_o the_o old_a and_o ancient_a defence_n and_o not_o to_o the_o erect_n of_o new_a and_o the_o word_n thereof_o in_o this_o point_n be_v these_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o wall_n bank_n ditch_n etc._n etc._n by_o the_o rage_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o by_o the_o fresh_a water_n descend_v be_v so_o lacerate_v dirupt_v and_o break_a the_o commission_n therefore_o do_v authorise_v the_o earl_n of_o lincoln_n rutland_z and_z exeter_z robert_z lord_z willoughby_z of_o grimsthrop_n sir_n william_n welby_n sir_n thomas_n grantham_n and_o sir_n john_n hatcher_n knight_n whereof_z three_z to_o be_v of_o the_o quorum_fw-la to_o survey_v and_o amend_v the_o say_v wall_n and_o bank_n ditch_n etc._n etc._n in_o all_o place_n necessary_a and_o the_o same_o as_o oft_o as_o need_v shall_v be_v to_o make_v new_a upon_o these_o word_n of_o the_o statute_n do_v those_o which_o argue_v against_o the_o new_a defence_n infer_v that_o the_o commissioner_n have_v not_o any_o power_n to_o cause_v new_a bank_n new_a wall_n or_o other_o defence_n to_o be_v erect_v and_o so_o take_v a_o difference_n between_o the_o word_n nova_fw-la construere_fw-la &_o de_fw-fr novo_fw-la construere_fw-la the_o first_o extend_v to_o erect_v new_a one_o where_o none_o be_v before_o and_o the_o other_o purport_v the_o erect_n of_o a_o new_a one_o where_o before_o a_o old_a one_o stand_v and_o the_o word_n which_o enforce_v this_o exposition_n be_v pen_v strong_o to_o that_o purpose_n for_o first_o they_o have_v power_n to_o repair_v and_o amend_v what_o such_o wall_n and_o bank_n as_o be_v before_o and_o the_o same_o to_o build_v new_a which_o word_n the_o same_o literal_o take_v must_v needs_o extend_v to_o such_o old_a fence_n as_o be_v before_o and_o the_o construction_n be_v so_o make_v exclude_v clear_o the_o power_n to_o make_v new_a one_o where_o none_o be_v before_o and_o this_o exposition_n may_v be_v example_v
jury_n in_o who_o default_n the_o same_o happen_v three_o the_o commissioner_n be_v to_o inquire_v what_o person_n or_o person_n ought_v or_o be_v bind_v by_o custom_n prescription_n tenure_n covenant_n or_o otherwise_o or_o for_o or_o by_o reason_n of_o what_o land_n or_o ground_n he_o or_o they_o be_v tie_v or_o bind_v to_o do_v the_o repair_v and_o where_o those_o ground_n do_v lie_v and_o who_o be_v the_o owner_n thereof_o four_o also_o it_o must_v be_v inquire_v by_o jury_n what_o ground_n lie_v within_o the_o hurt_n or_o danger_n of_o water_n either_o within_o the_o surrounder_n by_o the_o sea_n or_o the_o inundation_n of_o the_o fresh_a water_n and_o to_o who_o they_o do_v belong_v five_o and_o if_o a_o new_a sluice_n goat_n or_o other_o defence_n be_v to_o be_v erect_v build_v and_o make_v or_o a_o new_a sewer_n gutter_n or_o trench_n to_o be_v cast_v this_o may_v be_v determine_v of_o by_o the_o view_n and_o survey_v of_o the_o commissioner_n and_o so_o may_v the_o aptness_n of_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v to_o be_v set_v or_o cast_v and_o the_o length_n height_n breadth_n and_o depth_n of_o they_o for_o these_o thing_n be_v proper_a for_o a_o view_n and_o survey_v but_o what_o person_n hold_v land_n and_o tenement_n within_o the_o level_n which_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v chargeable_a thereunto_o and_o the_o quantity_n of_o their_o land_n be_v to_o be_v inquire_v of_o by_o jury_n and_o these_o few_o cause_n i_o have_v put_v for_o example_n sake_n and_o if_o any_o other_o fall_v out_o within_o the_o like_a reason_n than_o they_o be_v to_o receive_v the_o same_o construction_n six_o in_o every_o case_n where_o a_o amerciament_n be_v to_o be_v impose_v it_o must_v be_v by_o presentment_n of_o good_a and_o lawful_a man_n upon_o their_o oath_n et_fw-la hoc_fw-la per_fw-la statutum_fw-la de_fw-la magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap._n 14._o nulla_fw-la miserecord_n '_o ponatur_fw-la nisi_fw-la per_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la proborum_fw-la &_o legalium_fw-la hominum_fw-la de_fw-la viceneto_fw-la etc._n etc._n surveyor_n presentment_n but_o it_o have_v be_v use_v that_o surveyor_n of_o the_o sewer_n have_v make_v presentment_n of_o default_n of_o thing_n govern_v by_o these_o law_n but_o whether_o such_o a_o presentment_n be_v bind_v or_o not_o be_v a_o good_a point_n it_o be_v clear_a in_o my_o opinion_n that_o they_o can_v make_v no_o presentment_n but_o such_o as_o happen_v within_o their_o view_n and_o survey_v and_o what_o those_o thing_n be_v they_o former_o appear_v they_o can_v present_v that_o i._o s._n be_v bind_v by_o prescription_n custom_n covenant_n or_o otherwise_o to_o repair_v such_o a_o wall_n bank_n or_o sewer_n for_o this_o be_v not_o within_o their_o office_n in_o kelloways_n report_n fol._n 141._o there_o be_v a_o custom_n allege_v that_o 141._o kelloways_n rep._n fol._n 141._o two_o man_n within_o the_o provost_n may_v present_v the_o article_n of_o the_o leet_n but_o i_o doubt_v of_o such_o presentment_n though_o it_o have_v a_o custom_n to_o strengthen_v it_o i_o take_v this_o difference_n that_o a_o original_a presentment_n surveyor_n can_v make_v as_o to_o present_v i._o s._n that_o by_o the_o tenure_n of_o his_o land_n he_o ought_v to_o repair_v such_o a_o bridge_n wall_n bank_n or_o other_o defence_n but_o the_o surveyor_n may_v make_v a_o supplemental_a presentment_n as_o for_o example_n if_o it_o have_v be_v present_v before_o by_o a_o jury_n that_o i._o s._n ought_v to_o have_v repair_v such_o a_o ditch_n and_o have_v not_o do_v the_o same_o and_o day_n be_v give_v he_o by_o the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n to_o do_v the_o same_o if_o the_o same_o be_v not_o repair_v at_o the_o day_n the_o surveyor_n may_v present_v in_o this_o case_n the_o not_o repair_v because_o this_o be_v but_o a_o oath_n of_o assistance_n ad_fw-la informandum_fw-la conscientiam_fw-la judicis_fw-la for_o the_o amerciament_n shall_v be_v impose_v by_o the_o force_n of_o the_o say_v former_a presentment_n and_o this_o latter_a presentment_n by_o the_o surveyor_n be_v only_o to_o give_v the_o justice_n notice_n of_o the_o party_n far_a neglect_n to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v impose_v the_o great_a amerciament_n and_o a_o presentment_n by_o surveyor_n be_v not_o traversable_a be_v of_o so_o small_a esteem_n in_o law_n as_o our_o law_n will_v not_o vouchsafe_v to_o take_v a_o issue_n upon_o it_o for_o their_o act_n herein_o be_v not_o in_o the_o ordinary_a legal_a form_n what_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n may_v do_v by_o discretion_n discretion_n be_v the_o herb_n of_o grace_n that_o i_o can_v wish_v every_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n well_o store_v withal_o for_o the_o maker_n of_o this_o statute_n have_v a_o intention_n to_o make_v it_o of_o great_a use_n be_v literal_o nominate_v nine_o or_o ten_o time_n in_o this_o law_n &_o for_o this_o cause_n i_o have_v insert_v in_o my_o case_n but_o note_n that_o the_o word_n wisdom_n be_v couple_v with_o it_o and_o the_o word_n good_a be_v annex_v to_o they_o both_o as_o best_o show_v of_o what_o pure_a metal_n they_o shall_v be_v make_v of_o after_o your_o good_a wisdom_n and_o discretion_n there_o be_v three_o several_a degree_n of_o discretion_n discretio_fw-la generalis_fw-la discretio_fw-la legalis_fw-la discretio_fw-la specialis_fw-la discretio_fw-la generalis_fw-la be_v require_v of_o every_o one_o in_o every_o thing_n that_o he_o be_v to_o do_v or_o attempt_v legalis_fw-la discretio_fw-la be_v that_o which_o sir_n edward_n cook_n mean_v and_o set_v forth_o in_o rook_n and_o keighly_n case_n hoc_fw-la est_fw-la scire_fw-la pro_fw-la legem_fw-la quod_fw-la sit_fw-la justum_fw-la and_o this_o be_v mere_o to_o administer_v justice_n according_a to_o the_o prescribe_a rule_n of_o the_o law_n and_o herein_o be_v this_o discretion_n limit_v that_o it_o go_v not_o beyond_o or_o beside_o those_o law_n which_o be_v to_o be_v execute_v and_o this_o discretion_n be_v to_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o law_n for_o cicero_n say_v sapientis_fw-la est_fw-la judicis_fw-la cogitare_fw-la tantum_fw-la sibi_fw-la esse_fw-la permissum_fw-la quantum_fw-la cicero_n cicero_n sit_fw-la commissum_fw-la aut_fw-la creditum_fw-la the_o three_o discretion_n be_v where_o the_o law_n have_v give_v no_o certain_a rule_n to_o be_v direct_v by_o in_o a_o case_n within_o the_o power_n of_o this_o commission_n there_o the_o commissioner_n be_v to_o order_v these_o affair_n with_o such_o wisdom_n and_o judgement_n that_o although_o their_o censure_n be_v not_o frame_v in_o a_o rule_n of_o law_n yet_o they_o be_v to_o do_v therein_o secundum_fw-la aequum_fw-la &_o bonum_fw-la and_o herein_o discretion_n be_v the_o absolute_a judge_n of_o the_o cause_n and_o give_v the_o rule_n but_o in_o the_o case_n of_o legal_a discretion_n there_o discretion_n be_v but_o a_o servant_n and_o be_v tie_v to_o attend_v upon_o the_o law_n and_o there_o the_o law_n direct_v the_o censure_n and_o discretion_n be_v but_o to_o do_v the_o same_o wise_o &_o temporal_o for_o ipsae_fw-la etenim_fw-la leges_fw-la cupiunt_fw-la ut_fw-la jure_fw-la regantur_fw-la sir_n ed._n cook_n in_o book_n case_n 5_o report_n give_v this_o rule_n to_o the_o cato_n cato_n commissioner_n that_o although_o the_o word_n of_o the_o commission_n be_v that_o they_o shall_v do_v according_a to_o their_o discretion_n yet_o their_o proceed_n ought_v to_o be_v limit_v and_o bound_v within_o the_o rule_n of_o law_n and_o reason_n for_o that_o discretion_n be_v a_o science_n to_o discern_v betwixt_o falsity_n and_o truth_n between_o right_a and_o wrong_n between_o shadow_n and_o substance_n betwixt_o equity_n and_o colourable_a gloss_n and_o the_o commissioner_n ought_v not_o to_o follow_v their_o will_n and_o private_a affection_n for_o that_o talis_fw-la discretio_fw-la discretionem_fw-la confundit_fw-la and_o therefore_o now_o i_o will_v declare_v in_o few_o word_n in_o what_o thing_n these_o commissioner_n be_v to_o be_v rule_v by_o good_a discretion_n first_o the_o quantity_n of_o fines_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o commissioner_n item_n imprisonment_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o offender_n when_o they_o deserve_v and_o the_o time_n how_o long_o lie_v much_o in_o their_o discretion_n item_n it_o lie_v in_o their_o grave_a wisdom_n and_o discretion_n when_o and_o where_o to_o erect_v new_a wall_n bank_n and_o other_o defence_n and_o what_o sum_n of_o money_n to_o raise_v and_o levy_v therefore_o the_o election_n of_o officer_n lie_v in_o their_o discretion_n it_o lie_v many_o time_n in_o their_o discretion_n who_o to_o fine_a and_o who_o to_o imprison_v i_o take_v it_o this_o word_n discretion_n use_v in_o the_o statute_n give_v power_n to_o the_o commissioner_n to_o order_n business_n there_o arise_v in_o course_n of_o equity_n for_o hoc_fw-la nihil_fw-la aliud_fw-la est_fw-la but_o to_o proceed_v secundum_fw-la aequum_fw-la &_o bonum_fw-la i_o have_v put_v these_o few_o case_n as_o example_n to_o direct_v and_o instruct_v what_o may_v be_v do_v by_o
title_n to_o land_n by_o action_n condition_n or_o entry_n or_o he_o which_o have_v a_o contingent_a use_n shall_v not_o be_v tax_v for_o they_o neither_o be_v cestui_fw-fr que_fw-fr use_n at_o the_o common_a law_n before_o the_o statute_n of_o 27_o h._n 8._o of_o use_n nor_o be_v the_o bargainee_n of_o land_n before_o the_o deed_n be_v enrol_v sessable_a by_o this_o law_n neither_o be_v one_o who_o have_v the_o presentation_n or_o nomination_n to_o a_o church_n as_o patron_n or_o he_o which_o be_v founder_n for_o his_o foundership_n taxable_a within_o this_o statute_n yet_o they_o be_v tenement_n the_o large_a word_n of_o charge_n within_o this_o law_n but_o the_o law_n intend_v the_o immediate_a possession_n of_o such_o tenement_n which_o be_v proficuous_a and_o not_o these_o thing_n which_o be_v tenement_n in_o law_n and_o which_o be_v but_o conveyance_n and_o their_o fruit_n be_v ceremony_n without_o substance_n this_o law_n set_v down_o such_o thing_n for_o the_o which_o one_o be_v chargeable_a viz._n he_o which_o have_v land_n tenement_n rent_n commons_o of_o pasture_n profit_n of_o fish_v or_o other_o commodity_n and_o such_o as_o have_v safety_n profit_n defence_n or_o any_o other_o commodity_n these_o be_v the_o word_n of_o charge_n recite_v by_o this_o law_n this_o word_n land_n be_v of_o large_a extent_n for_o it_o reach_v to_o house_n arable_a pasture_n meadow_n mill_n tofts_n and_o to_o all_o other_o edifice_n moor_n marish_n wood_n wood_n ground_n for_o all_o these_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o substance_n et_fw-fr omne_fw-la solo_fw-la cedet_fw-la and_o the_o several_a increase_v thereof_o be_v but_o quality_n the_o word_n tenement_n be_v of_o large_a extent_n than_o land_n for_o it_o contain_v all_o which_o the_o word_n land_n do_v and_o all_o thing_n else_o which_o lie_v in_o tenure_n so_o that_o i_o think_v it_o shall_v be_v but_o labour_n lose_v to_o enter_v further_o into_o the_o particular_n thereof_o lord_n and_o tenant_n if_o there_o be_v lord_n and_o tenant_n and_o the_o tenant_n hold_v of_o the_o lord_n by_o yearly_a rend_a service_n the_o lord_n may_v be_v rate_v as_o well_o for_o his_o rent_n as_o the_o tenant_n for_o his_o land_n to_o annual_a repair_n as_o well_o as_o to_o accidental_a by_o reason_n of_o these_o word_n in_o the_o statute_n that_o be_v that_o every_o one_o be_v rate_v and_o tax_v according_a to_o the_o rate_n of_o every_o person_n rend_v tenure_n or_o profit_n here_o be_v full_a word_n to_o charge_v the_o lord_n for_o his_o rent_n and_o so_o rend_a charge_n and_o rend_v seck_fw-mi shall_v be_v subject_a to_o sess_v in_o this_o kind_n for_o otherwise_o the_o tenant_n of_o the_o ground_n may_v be_v undo_v thereby_o in_o regard_n the_o rent_n go_v and_o issue_v out_o of_o the_o ground_n may_v amount_v to_o as_o much_o almost_o as_o the_o yearly_a value_n of_o the_o ground_n do_v but_o if_o the_o rent_n be_v so_o small_a as_o they_o be_v scarce_o worth_a the_o gather_n then_o in_o discretion_n the_o commissioner_n may_v spare_v they_o for_o de_fw-fr minimis_fw-la non_fw-la curate_n lex_fw-la also_o whether_o the_o remainder_n man_n and_o he_o in_o reversion_n depend_v upon_o a_o estate_n in_o tail_n shall_v be_v rate_v and_o tax_v or_o not_o by_o the_o power_n of_o these_o law_n be_v a_o apt_a question_n for_o this_o place_n and_o therein_o my_o opinion_n be_v that_o be_v dry_a and_o fruitless_a remainder_n and_o reversion_n they_o shall_v not_o be_v sess_v to_o the_o repair_v but_o the_o tenant_n in_o tail_n in_o possession_n shall_v be_v sole_o charge_v for_o it_o be_v more_o to_o be_v fear_v that_o tenant_n in_o tail_n will_v cut_v off_o the_o remainder_n and_o reversion_n by_o a_o recovery_n then_o that_o the_o sea_n shall_v drown_v his_o estate_n by_o a_o overflow_n lessee_n for_o year_n and_o he_o in_o reversion_n in_o the_o case_n of_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n and_o for_o life_n and_o those_o in_o reversion_n and_o remainder_n there_o be_v a_o great_a cause_n of_o dispute_n then_o between_o tenant_n in_o tail_n and_o he_o in_o the_o reversion_n and_o because_o it_o be_v a_o often_o case_n i_o have_v therefore_o take_v the_o more_o pain_n to_o resolve_v the_o same_o first_o the_o lessee_n be_v in_o the_o present_a possession_n and_o so_o be_v subject_a to_o all_o ordinary_a charge_n and_o with_o this_o agree_v jeffray_v case_n jeffray_v case_n case_n in_o sir_n edward_n cook_n 5_o report_n for_o there_o the_o case_n be_v resolve_v that_o where_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o a_o town_n be_v assess_v towards_o the_o repair_n of_o a_o church_n there_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n be_v charge_v and_o not_o the_o lessor_n though_o he_o have_v a_o yearly_a rent_n reserve_v for_o in_o point_n of_o the_o rent_n this_o case_n and_o that_o will_v differ_v by_o reason_n rent_n be_v express_o within_o this_o law_n but_o i_o now_o speak_v of_o a_o lessee_n where_o no_o rent_n be_v reserve_v in_o 17_o ed._n 4._o fol._n 6_o a_o ten_o be_v grant_v to_o the_o 4._o 17_o ed._n 4._o king_n by_o parliament_n of_o the_o value_n of_o their_o land_n and_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n be_v charge_v therewithal_o and_o so_o be_v the_o law_n there_o take_v if_o the_o parliament_n have_v give_v the_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o issue_n and_o profit_n of_o the_o land_n the_o case_n of_o the_o proxy_n in_o the_o irish_a report_n do_v in_o my_o opinion_n in_o reason_n resemble_v this_o case_n for_o the_o case_n be_v proxy_n case_n of_o proxy_n there_o that_o the_o bishop_n of_o meath_z in_o ireland_n have_v a_o proxy_n of_o fifteen_o shilling_n payable_a out_o of_o the_o commandry_n of_o kells_n than_o parcel_n of_o the_o possession_n of_o st._n john_n all_o which_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n by_o the_o dissolution_n of_o monastery_n in_o that_o kingdom_n and_o after_o the_o say_a bishop_n grant_v the_o say_v proxy_n to_o queen_n elizabeth_n and_o after_o q._n elizabeth_n make_v a_o lease_n of_o the_o commandry_n to_o dr._n forth_o reserve_v a_o yearly_a rent_n without_o mention_v the_o proxy_n and_o it_o be_v there_o resolve_v that_o doctor_n forth_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n shall_v be_v at_o the_o charge_n to_o pay_v the_o say_a proxy_n with_o all_o the_o arrearage_n thereof_o which_o do_v incur_v in_o his_o time_n and_o so_o in_o the_o case_n of_o a_o rend_a charge_n the_o lessee_n be_v chargeable_a and_o he_o be_v to_o pay_v the_o tithe_n and_o the_o composition_n money_n due_a therefore_o so_o that_o these_o case_n sway_v strong_o against_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n to_o lay_v the_o whole_a charge_n upon_o he_o and_o to_o exempt_v the_o lessor_n but_o yet_o we_o must_v here_o distinguish_v and_o make_v a_o difference_n between_o annual_a repair_n in_o ordinary_a thing_n and_o extraordinary_a repair_n for_o to_o furnish_v the_o defence_n with_o petty_a reparation_n they_o shall_v be_v lay_v only_o upon_o the_o lessee_n for_o year_n or_o for_o life_n but_o if_o a_o new_a wall_n bank_n or_o goat_n or_o sewer_n be_v to_o be_v build_v new_a and_o erect_v or_o if_o the_o ancient_a defence_n be_v decay_v in_o the_o main_a timber_n or_o in_o the_o principal_a part_n thereof_o here_o as_o well_o the_o lessor_n as_o the_o lessee_n shall_v be_v put_v to_o the_o charge_n for_o these_o thing_n be_v not_o ordinary_a and_o annual_a charge_n but_o do_v reach_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o lease_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o inheritance_n as_o for_o petty_a reparation_n they_o be_v by_o intendment_n to_o continue_v but_o for_o a_o short_a time_n which_o be_v likely_a to_o be_v spend_v during_o the_o term_n and_o lease_n but_o these_o new_a defence_n be_v apparent_o do_v to_o save_v the_o inheritance_n and_o this_o difference_n hold_v good_a correspondency_n with_o other_o case_n in_o our_o law_n as_o in_o 49_o ed._n 3._o fol._n 1._o and_o 3_o eliz._n in_o dyer_n fol._n 198._o and_o in_o dier_n 49_o ed._n 3._o 3_o eliz._n dier_n that_o book_n again_o fol._n 134._o and_o in_o divers_a other_o book_n it_o be_v hold_v for_o law_n that_o if_o a_o house_n in_o lease_n decay_v in_o the_o groundsel_n post_n or_o balk_v in_o the_o great_a timber_n in_o direct_a wear_n by_o tract_n of_o time_n and_o not_o in_o default_n of_o the_o lessee_n the_o lessee_n may_v take_v and_o cut_v up_o timber_n grow_v on_o the_o ground_n lease_v to_o repair_v the_o same_o and_o the_o lessee_n shall_v be_v at_o charge_n of_o workmanship_n for_o the_o repair_n be_v in_o matter_n of_o right_n and_o do_v the_o lessee_n good_a during_o his_o lease_n and_o the_o lessor_n after_o the_o expiration_n thereof_o and_o because_o these_o great_a repair_v extend_v to_o both_o their_o good_n therefore_o they_o shall_v both_o be_v contributory_a thereto_o but_o if_o a_o house_n be_v decay_v in_o splint_v thack_n wall_v or_o in_o such_o
into_o his_o office_n and_o therefore_o the_o offence_n be_v great_a in_o he_o then_o in_o another_o man_n i_o have_v learn_v in_o book_n that_o a_o fine_a have_v these_o quality_n with_o it_o first_o the_o party_n in_o that_o case_n be_v imprisonable_a second_o the_o cause_n for_o which_o it_o be_v impose_v be_v not_o traversable_a be_v mere_o the_o act_n of_o the_o court_n but_o if_o it_o be_v impose_v upon_o a_o presentment_n find_v by_o jury_n than_o the_o cause_n be_v traversable_a three_o all_o fine_n ought_v to_o be_v assess_v abate_v or_o increase_v in_o plena_fw-la curia_fw-la and_o not_o elsewhere_o four_o every_o fine_a aught_o to_o be_v reasonable_a and_o therefore_o i_o shall_v put_v the_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n in_o mind_n as_o the_o statute_n of_o 34_o ed._n 3._o cap_n 1._o do_v the_o justice_n of_o peace_n that_o those_o fine_n that_o they_o shall_v impose_v for_o any_o 3._o 34_o ed._n 3._o offence_n come_v before_o they_o shall_v be_v reasonable_a have_v respect_n to_o the_o quantity_n and_o quality_n of_o the_o offence_n for_o excessus_fw-la in_o re_fw-la qualibit_fw-la jure_fw-la reprobatur_fw-la communi_fw-la but_o because_o in_o godfry_n case_v it_o be_v say_v that_o commitment_n of_o the_o body_n to_o prison_n be_v incident_a to_o a_o fine_a as_o by_o a_o gapias_fw-la pro_fw-la fine_n also_o may_v be_v collect_v yet_o i_o hold_v it_o questionable_a whether_o the_o fine_a shall_v precede_v the_o commitment_n or_o the_o commitment_n the_o fine_a but_o for_o my_o own_o opinion_n i_o hold_v that_o this_o lie_v much_o in_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o justice_n and_o i_o find_v case_n and_o precedent_n both_o way_n for_o in_o 41_o assiz_n plac_fw-la 12._o a_o officer_n be_v imprison_v quousque_fw-la finem_fw-la fecerit_fw-la where_o the_o imprisonment_n precede_v the_o fine_a and_o with_o this_o agree_v 7_o h._n 6._o fol._n 25._o 6._o 7_o h._n 6._o and_o in_o 33_o h._n 6._o fol._n 21._o one_o be_v fine_v and_o after_o imprison_v for_o it_o and_o there_o the_o fine_a do_v precede_v the_o imprisonment_n 6._o 33_o h._n 6._o but_o upon_o all_o these_o i_o take_v the_o law_n to_o be_v that_o if_o one_o be_v fine_v and_o this_o fine_a may_v be_v levy_v by_o the_o justice_n as_o justices_z of_o the_o peace_n may_v do_v but_o not_o justice_n of_o sewer_n there_o the_o imprisonment_n may_v be_v quousque_fw-la finem_fw-la fecit_fw-la because_o the_o fine_a be_v leviable_a by_o they_o but_o the_o law_n be_v not_o so_o of_o commissioner_n of_o sewer_n because_o they_o have_v no_o power_n to_o levy_v but_o to_o extreat_v the_o fine_n into_o the_o king_n exchequer_n howsoever_o one_o before_o they_o may_v be_v both_o imprison_v and_o fine_v diversis_fw-la tamen_fw-la respectibus_fw-la the_o one_o for_o the_o wrong_n do_v the_o other_o for_o the_o contempt_n or_o disobedience_n to_o the_o court_n as_o for_o example_n if_o one_o refuse_v to_o be_v a_o collector_n he_o be_v finable_a to_o the_o king_n because_o hereby_o the_o commonweal_n be_v without_o a_o officer_n and_o he_o may_v also_o be_v imprison_v for_o disobey_v the_o justice_n command_n and_o yet_o in_o my_o opinion_n it_o lie_v much_o if_o not_o altogether_o in_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o commissioner_n to_o impose_v or_o inflict_v both_o the_o say_a punishment_n or_o one_o of_o they_o at_o their_o pleasure_n be_v not_o therein_o precise_o limit_v by_o this_o statute_n amerciament_n amerciament_n be_v not_o so_o grievous_a as_o fine_n be_v for_o they_o be_v derive_v of_o the_o word_n miserecordia_fw-la which_o signify_v moderation_n &_o mercy_n and_o to_o that_o end_n be_v the_o writ_n in_o the_o register_n moderata_fw-la miserecordia_fw-la devise_v where_o one_o be_v outrageous_o ameree_v he_o may_v be_v relieve_v by_o sue_v forth_o that_o writ_n which_o write_v and_o the_o law_n in_o that_o case_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o grand_a charter_n charta_fw-la magna_fw-la charta_fw-la cap_n 14._o quod_fw-la nullus_fw-la libre_fw-la homo_fw-la amercietur_fw-la nisi_fw-la secundum_fw-la quantitatem_fw-la delicti_fw-la and_o that_o none_o of_o the_o say_a amerciament_n be_v impose_v sed_fw-la per_fw-la juramentum_fw-la legalium_fw-la hominum_fw-la de_fw-la viceneto_fw-la glanvil_n in_o his_o book_n say_v est_fw-la autem_fw-la miserecordia_fw-la domini_fw-la glauvil_n glauvil_n regis_fw-la qua_fw-la quis_fw-la per_fw-la juramentum_fw-la legalium_fw-la hominum_fw-la de_fw-la viceneto_fw-la eatenus_fw-la amerciand_n '_o est_fw-fr and_o fleta_n lib._n 1._o cap._n 48._o say_v quod_fw-la fleta_n fleta_n libre_fw-la home_n non_fw-la amercietur_fw-la nisi_fw-la per_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la parium_fw-la suorum_fw-la and_o with_o these_o agree_v bracton_n lib._n 3._o cap._n 1._o and_o fitz._n nat._n breed_v fol._n 72._o and_o if_o the_o steward_n set_v a_o amerciament_n upon_o a_o bracton_n bracton_n man_n on_o his_o own_o head_n it_o be_v void_a by_o which_o authority_n it_o plain_o appear_v that_o amerciament_n be_v to_o be_v impose_v by_o a_o jury_n or_o by_o the_o oath_n of_o good_a and_o lawful_a man_n and_o therefore_o i_o have_v heretofore_o much_o marvel_v when_o sometime_o i_o have_v see_v justice_n of_o sewer_n take_v upon_o they_o to_o set_v down_o amerciament_n without_o assistance_n of_o the_o jury_n which_o act_n of_o they_o be_v direct_o against_o the_o say_a great_a charter_n of_o england_n and_o contrary_a to_o the_o say_a authority_n of_o law_n so_o that_o there_o be_v a_o difference_n between_o the_o impose_v of_o fine_n which_o be_v do_v by_o the_o justice_n and_o amerciament_n which_o be_v by_o jury_n or_o otherwise_o per_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la parium_fw-la so_o be_v there_o great_a diversity_n between_o the_o offence_n of_o the_o one_o kind_n and_o the_o other_o for_o if_o one_o do_v suffer_v a_o wall_n bank_n or_o other_o work_n of_o sewer_n to_o fall_v into_o decay_n for_o want_v of_o repair_v which_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o maintain_v by_o frontage_n tenure_n custom_n or_o covenant_n he_o be_v in_o this_o case_n to_o be_v amerce_v therefore_o and_o so_o if_o one_o be_v bind_v by_o any_o of_o the_o say_a tie_n to_o repair_v a_o bridge_n calcey_n goat_n getty_n sluice_n or_o to_o cleanse_v a_o river_n if_o the_o same_o by_o his_o neglect_n be_v leave_v undo_v or_o unrepaired_a he_o be_v therefore_o amerceable_a so_o if_o one_o be_v present_v for_o cast_v dirt_n sand_n ballast_n or_o other_o annoyance_n into_o the_o river_n or_o stream_n or_o for_o dig_v down_o the_o bank_n or_o for_o pull_v down_o the_o wall_n thereof_o if_o the_o presentment_n do_v not_o express_v the_o same_o to_o be_v do_v with_o force_n or_o therein_o be_v want_v the_o word_n purpresture_n the_o party_n present_v be_v then_o but_o amerceable_a therefore_o so_o when_o one_o be_v tie_v to_o cleanse_v the_o river_n for_o passage_n of_o boat_n and_o ballanger_n or_o for_o the_o drain_n of_o the_o water_n if_o he_o suffer_v sand-bed_n to_o lie_v and_o choke_v up_o the_o channel_n he_o be_v amerceable_a and_o not_o fineable_a therefore_o for_o no_o permission_n sufferance_n neglect_n or_o nonfeasan_n can_v be_v find_v to_o be_v by_o force_n because_o they_o consist_v not_o in_o agendo_fw-la &_o sic_fw-la in_o similibus_fw-la casibus_fw-la yet_o some_o case_n follow_v fall_n out_o of_o these_o rule_v pro_fw-la ut_fw-la sequuntur_fw-la as_o if_o the_o violence_n of_o water_n be_v so_o great_a either_o by_o break_v in_o of_o the_o sea_n in_o a_o extraordinary_a manner_n or_o by_o a_o sudden_a flood_n or_o inundation_n of_o fresh_a water_n after_o a_o rain_n that_o thereby_o the_o defence_n be_v break_v down_o or_o cause_v sand-bed_n or_o other_o nuisance_n to_o be_v these_o be_v present_v no_o man_n be_v amerceable_a therefore_o because_o the_o same_o can_v not_o have_v be_v prevent_v by_o policy_n nor_o resist_v by_o strength_n in_o 42_o lib._n assiz_n plac_fw-la 15._o a_o presentment_n be_v that_o i._o s._n ass_n 42_o lib._n ass_n have_v suffer_v tree_n to_o grow_v into_o the_o water_n and_o lay_v in_o the_o stream_n by_o reason_n whereof_o ship_n be_v hinder_v in_o their_o passage_n and_o there_o be_v a_o writ_n award_v direct_v to_o the_o sheriff_n to_o remove_v the_o nusans_a but_o knivet_n justice_n say_v there_o that_o i._o s._n shall_v not_o be_v amerce_v because_o the_o nusan_o be_v no_o act_n of_o he_o but_o the_o tree_n grow_v so_o natural_o of_o themselves_o but_o perhaps_o it_o will_v be_v object_v to_o i_o can_v no_o amerciament_n be_v set_v but_o by_o a_o jury_n or_o by_o the_o oath_n of_o twelve_o man_n yes_o i_o be_o opinion_n it_o may_v be_v do_v by_o the_o presentment_n of_o the_o surveyor_n of_o the_o sewer_n for_o that_o be_v per_fw-la sacramentum_fw-la parium_fw-la as_o the_o law_n appoint_v and_o in_o a_o nonsuit_n we_o see_v daily_o that_o in_o such_o case_n the_o plaintiff_n be_v to_o be_v amerce_v and_o this_o amerciament_n shall_v be_v assess_v by_o the_o coroner_n of_o the_o county_n as_o appear_v in_o greisleys_n