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A67091 Systema horti-culturæ, or, The art of gardening in three books ... / by J. Woolridge, gent. Worlidge, John, fl. 1660-1698. 1688 (1688) Wing W3606A; ESTC R33686 134,018 314

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Of Gilliflowers ibid. 2. Of Stock-Gilliflowers and Wall-flowers Page 118 3. Of Auricula's Cowslips and Primroses Page 122 4. Of the Lilly of the Valley and Hellebor Page 124 5. Of the Hepatica Gentianella Dittany Page 125 Chap. VI. Of Flowers raised only from Seed Page 126 Chap. VII Of some more vulgar Flowers Page 131 Chap. VIII Of such tender Exotick Trees Flowers and Plants as require the Florists care to preserve them in Winter Page 132 Sect. 1. Of Perennial Greens and such Plants as will not endure Cold Page 133 2. Of such Plants as will least endure the Cold Page 138 BOOK III. OF Esculents or Plants for Food Page 145 Chap. I. Of such Plants as are Perennial or continue over the Year Page 150 Chap. II. Of Esculent Roots Page 158 Chap. III. Of Beans and Pease Page 170 Chap. IV. Of Cabbages and Cauli-flowers Page 175 Chap. V. Of Melons Cucumbers c. Page 180 Chap. VI. Of Sallad-herbs Page 184 Chap. VII Of Sweet Herbs Page 189 Chap. VIII Of some other Esculent Vegetables Page 192 Chap. IX Of general Improvements and miscellaneous Experiments Page 195 Sect. 1. Of improving Garden-ground by labour only ibid. 2. Of several ways of enriching Garden-Earth by mixtures Page 202 3. Of Watering Gardens Page 211 4. Of making hot Beds Page 219 5. Of Miscellaneous Experiments Page 222 Now added The Gardener's Monthly Directions Page 243 January Page 247 February Page 249 March Page 250 April Page 252 May Page 254 June Page 256 July Page 257 August Page 259 September Page 261 October Page 263 November Page 264 December Page 266 Systema Horti-culturae OR The Art of Gardening BOOK I. Of Gardens of Pleasure and the Solid Ornaments thereof THE Excellency of a Garden is better manifested by Experience which is the best Mistress than indicated by an imperfect Pen which can never sufficiently convince the Reader of those transcendent Pleasures that the Owner of a compleat Garden with its magnificent Ornaments its stately Groves and infinite variety of never-dying Objects of delight every day enjoys Nor how all his Senses are satiated with the great variety of Objects it yields to every of them Nor what an influence they have upon the Passions of the Mind reducing a discomposed Fancy to a more sedate Temper by contemplating on those Miracles of Nature Gardens afford deemed Miracles because their admired and strange Forms and Effects proceed from occult Causes The Original of Gardens was from a Divine Hand And they also long since delighted in by the wifest of Kings and in the principal esteem ever since by the best of Men The Heathen dedicated them to Priapus the Son of Venus and celebrated them as Objects of Admiration and Delight and left their immortal Names to Posterity as the Gardens of the Hesperides Adonis Alcinous c. The memory of the latter being yet fresh in the Isle of Corfu where in a most delicious Scituation it formerly was supposed to be as a late Traveller * M. Francis Vernon 's Letters to the Royal Society N. 124. hath affirmed Tarquin the proud a Roman King thought no place more worthy than his Garden to give Audience to an Ambassador sent unto him And the Glory and Pride of the Romans in the time of their Emperors was in nothing more seen than in their Gardens which for the infinite delight they took in them they dedicated to Venus their Goddess of Pleasure and gloried more in their Chaplets and Garlands of curious Greens and Flowers than our vain Contemporaries now do in their richest party-coloured Habits which he that reads what Pliny observed of them will readily believe The learned Dr. Brown in his Tract of Garlands takes notice that the use of flowry Crowns and Garlands is of no slender Antiquity for besides the old Greeks and Romans the Aegyptians made use of them at their Festival Compotations And that this practice extended as far as India For at the Feast with the Indian King it is peculiarly observed by Philostratus that their Custom was to wear Garlands and come crowned with them to their Feasts The use of them also was very frequent and common the ends thereof being many for they were Convivial wherein they had respect unto Plants preventing drunkenness or discussing the exhalations from Wine Festival their solemn Festival Garlands being made properly unto their Gods and according contrived from Plants sacred unto such Deities Sacrificial which were selected under such considerations Honorary Crowns were Triumphal Ovary Civical or Obsidional and had little of Flowers in them being made generally of Laurels c. Funebrial Garlands which had little of beauty in them besides Roses while they made them of Myrtle Rosemary c under symbolical Intimations But our florid and purely ornamental Garlands delightful unto Sight and Smell not framed according to mystical and symbolical Considerations are of more free election and so may be made to excel those of the Ancients We having China India and a New World to supply us besides the great distinction of Flowers unknown unto Antiquity and the varieties hereof arising from Art and Nature The Italians in the time of their ancient Glory thought no Palace nor Habitation compleat without its Garden on which they spared for no cost as well in their forming them as for the naturalizing several exotic Plants they brought from Africa and other foreign places which Gardens they have from Age to Age so improved that it is now become it self the Garden of the World And as Architecture that splendid Art hath spread it self with other Sciences into these Northern Climates so hath the Art of Gardening been handed along with it as though the former were imperfect without the latter The Glory of the French Palaces so often represented to our English eyes in Sculpture are adorn'd with their beauteous Gardens before them which wanting they would seem without lustre or grandeur Neither is there a noble or pleasant Seat in England but hath its Gardens for Pleasure and Delight scarce an ingenuous Citizen that by his confinement to a Shop being denied the privilege of having a real Garden but hath his Boxes Pots or other receptacles for Flowers Plants c. in imitation of it What curious Representations of Banquets of Fruits Flower-pots Gardens and such like are painted to the Life to please the eye and satisfie the fancy of such that either cannot obtain the felicity of enjoying them in reality or to supply the defect the Winter annually brings So that we may without vanity conclude that a Garden of pleasant Avenues Walks Fruits Flowers Grots and other Branches springing from it well composed is the only compleat and permanent inanimate object of delight the World affords ever complying with our various and mutable Minds seeding us and supplying our Fancies with daily Novels All curious pieces of Architecture Limning Painting or whatever else that seem pleasant to the eye or other senses at first sight or apprehension at length
taken off all over but mentions not at what time of its growth this is best to be done however it is a sufficient encouragement for Gardeners to take up the Onions where they casually come up too thick and plant them in thinner places Several Plants are so removed as Turnips Lettuce c. and are the fairer therefore this Observation may be of use Sift Ashes or Quick-lime beaten small about To preserve Plants from Snails and Worms any Plant and it will preserve it from Snails or Worms by reason their naked Bodies cannot endure the sharpness of the Salt of the Ashes or Lime So if you water the Ground with the Water wherein Lime or Ashes have been steeped the Worms will soon leave the Ground where the Water gets into their Holes from the same Cause You may also in a Summer Evening after Rain with a Candle draw the Worms as they lie on the Ground and put them in a Pail and dispose of them as you think fit but you must tread soft for the least motion of the Ground maketh them retire into the Ground Thus in two or three moist Evenings may you clear a whole Border of the greater Worms which are most hurtful Snails and Worms are all of them of an Hermaphroditical nature and are all Breeders and when they couple are easily destroyed especially the Snails who couple from the Spring until Midsummer and after And lay their Eggs in the Ground you will find them with their Bodies buried in the warm Dust and only their Shells above the Ground when you take them out you must rake out their Eggs and destroy them for otherwise they will lie there until they have strength to travel and then some in the same Year others in the Spring following you will have them dispersed amongst your tender Plants and your Wall-Trees where after a Shower you may pick them off If you doubt of the goodness of your Seeds To know good Seeds take some of them and put them in fair Water and set them in a gentle heat twenty four hours and if they are good they will sprout else not Also you may wash your Seeds in Water and the dead and light will swim and the good and heavy will sink but they must be all throughly immerged else you may be deceived Secure the Root as well as you can from the To defend Plants from Frost Frost for if you defend that the Branch seldom suffers but if the Root be not secured although the Branch be never so well defended it will perish Therefore earth up the Roots as well as you can and place any ordinary defence about the sides of the Plant and no Frost will hurt it unless it be your tender Plants that are for the Conservatory Thus may Gillyflowers Wall-flowers Stock-Gillyflowers Artichoaks c. be preserved Some Plants if the Roots stand dry the Set tender Plants dry Frosts rarely hurt them which if moist they are usually destroyed as Rosemary Sage Wall-flowers c. Either of these will grow on a Wall and endure the severest Colds but if they stand in a moist Ground although the Branches be ●ever so well defended they are apt to be destroyed with great Frosts The cause is that Water or Moisture stagnating about any Plant and a Frost following is apt to mortifie it when a Frost shall scarce injure a dry Plant. It is the same with young and tender Fruits a frosty Night after a wet Day destroys more Fruits than ten dry Frosts can do If you lay Saw-dust about any Plant it will To defend your Plants from Ants. defend it from the busie Ants who cannot easily pass over the Saw-dust because it is small and loose under them that they cannot have any sure footing and so by that means are forced to steer their course another way Thus may you defend your Wall-Trees from Ants by laying Saw-dust about the Roots of them Some anoint the Stems of their Trees with Tar to prevent the Ants from ascending them but then it is best to bind Paper about the Stems and anoint the Paper for Tar is apt to injure the Bark of your Tree Also you may bind about the Stem of the Tree Wooll about four Fingers breadth which will puzzle the Ants to find a way over or through it be sure to leave the Wooll rough that they may not find a way over the Threds you bind it withal Many of your Flower-Trees will in some Moss to destroy sorts of Land by long standing become mossy which not only defaceth but very much injureth the Tree and it is a sign the Tree dislikes the Ground it stands in To prevent the growing of it and the encreasing of it whilst it is yet but newly infected you must remove your Tree into better Ground more natural to it or in case you are willing to have it stand in the same place where now it is then you must take it up and alter the Ground and enrich it as it ought to be and then you may replant the Tree in the same place And as the Tree thrives and encreaseth in Shoots so the Moss will decline the Sap being wasted and expended more liberally another way But if the Moss hath long continued on the Tree your best way is after Rain that the Moss be wet and will easily come off to scrape it off with a Knife of Bone or Wood for in dry Weather it will not come off so well Moss is a very great annoyance to Trees Moss a great annoyance to Trees and Ground and to the Ground it self and is a manifest sign of a defect of the more nourishing Juice that is in fruitful Plants or Soil it is a spontaneous Excrescence as many other Vegetables are which made the learned Philosopher Van Helmont say That its Seed distilled from the Heavens which is no more than if he should have said that it proceeded from the natural inclination of the Matter on which it grew animated by the Coelestial Influences which gave it Life but the Matter on which it grew gave it form it varying according to the diversity of the Matter from whence it receives its Nourishment some Moss being hard some soft some White others Green There is also sweet Moss that grows on Apple-Trees and Poplar-Trees and the Moss of the Larix-Tree is sweet in the burning And although all these Mosses are mere Excrescences yet do they bear Seed and encrease as hath lately been discovered by a learned Vertuosi Hooks Lampas who by the help of a Microscope hath observed the Seed-Cods or Seed-Vessels of Moss to contain Seeds in them no less wonderful for the greatness of number than the smalness of bulk which Seed-Vessels when ripe he pressing them pretty hard found that there was a small Dust went out of them which seemed to vanish into the Air pressing and squeezing others of them upon a Black Plate and examining the Powder with a