the power of the sword it shall be opposed affronted resisted their summons scorned their Messengers kicked about the streets their Votes and Iudgments derided A mock-Authority indeed that is and a mock-Parliament too that disclaims Him from whom it self derives its being and to whom God and the Law hath committed the power of the Sword We have had heretofore many Parliaments but never read or heard of any while they kept their integrity and adhered to their maker that conven'd them together who were ever opposed affronted resisted or had any of their summons scorned their Messengers kicked about the streets or their Votes and Iudgements derided therefore all this is but copia verborum some flowers of Rebellious Rhetorick whereby they thinke to keep silly fools such as they take us still to be in that vile Captivity unto themselves wherein they formerly had and led us Yea and pag. 73. of that their so bonny Declaration they tell us to the everlasting comfort both of us and of our purses that t is necessary that their Armies be kept still on foot even so long as themselves and their posterities shall fit which they make account shall be but in perpetuum from Generation to Generation till the worlds end their words are these for the Parliaments consulting freely and acting securely it will be necessary as we have ever done since the war to keep up forces which were they all disbanded as the Scotch Commissioners desire we should not long consult freely and act securely They mean sure in cutting our throats in banishing imprisoning and hanging our persons in sequestring our estates in oppressing plundering and taking from us our goods and fortunes in destroying our Religion peace and order for nothing else do we know they have consulted about or acted since they first raised their Forces or begun their war we have had Parliaments before now that have behaved themselves a great deale better then these Declarers have done that have consulted better and acted better every way and yet never thought it necessary either to raise or keep up Forces for their owne guard or safety No for they were fenc'd with Innocency and Noblenesse of Spirit with their owne uprightnesse and their Countries Love which together with the Guard of God and his Angels was their Protection they desired no other Militia then Faith and a good Conscience to secure them For why they had never bath'd themselves in their Countries bloud nor foul'd their hands with oppression nor any way deserved the odium of their Nation But these men shew what they have merited by their fears and discover that as they raised Forces at first to subdue the King so they intend now to keep them up to subdue the Kingdome and to keep those in low slavery whose help they have had against Him and so they will pay their servants for as such onely they account those whom they have imployed or made use of a la mode du diable in that manner as Satan rewards those that work for him And now the world sees at last who began the war at first and hears from them who know best what was the true cause thereof even to wrest the Legislative power and the Militia out of the Kings hands and to excercise the same without and against His consent How true their former clamours have been that the King first tooke up Armes against the Parliament and that the Parliament was only on the defensive part let the very seduced part of men now judge His sacred Majesty in his great wisdome saw this to be their end at first and told the world of it but could not be heard or beleeved so loud a noise was made to the contrary themselves in the 68. pag. of that their Declaration tell the Scotch Commissioners who had said it was contrary to their judgements and Oath of Allegeance to divest the Crown the King and His Posterity of the right and power of the Militia that they fortifie their opinion with the very same Arguments and almost in the very same words as the King did at the beginning of this war in His Declarations whereby they acknowleged that His Majesty even then had spoken to that purpose It is hoped therefore that all men doe now apprehend who they are that all this while have been the Deceivers Againe the world also hath now seen how far and wherein His Majesty hath been averse to peace since the beginning of the war He would not hitherto be either forced or perswaded to resigne up wholly and for ever unto them that which from the very first they resolved to have from Him the Legislative power and the Militia of the Kingdome to be exercised without and against Himself to the perpetual enslavement and thraldome of all us His poor Subjects whom God hath committed to his trust to protect and defend And therefore if it were lawfull for Subjects upon any occasion to imprison their King yet what great cause or substantiall reason these have had to do so or to use their Soveraigne as they have done to resolve to make no more addresses or applications to Him let the world judge And from these many gracious Messages of His Majesty for peace thus slighted contemned and despised by them let their little modesty and candour or rather their great shamelesnesse and impudency be observed in their making the foundation of their impious Votes to be His aversenesse unto peace and in beginning their Declaration against Him in that manner as they have done viz. in these words How fruitlesse our former Addresses have been to the King is so well known to the world that it may be expected we shall now declare why we made the last or so many before rather then why we are resolved to make no more We cannot acknowledge any great confidence that our words could have been more perswasive with Him then Sighs and groanes the Tears and crying Blood an heavy crie the Blood of Fathers Brothers and Children at onse the Blood of many hundred thousand Free-borne Subjects in Three great Kingdomes which cruelty it self could not but pity to destroy We must not be so unthankefull to God as to forget we were never forced to any Treaty and yet we have no lesse then seven times made such Applications to the King and tendred such Propositions that might occasion the world to judge we have not onely yeelded up our wils and Affections but our Reason also and judgement for obtaining any true Peace or Accommodation But it never yet pleased the King to accept of any Tender fit for us to make nor yet to offer any fit for us to receive Be judges in this case O all ye people of the World now you have read and seen what offers and tenders the King hath made what reason these men had thus to ' peale Him thinke you not they are men of credit worthy to be trusted another time fit to be beleeved in all they say
THE KINGS MOST GRACIOVS MESSAGES FOR PEACE AND A PERSONAL TREATY Published for His Peoples Satisfaction that they may see and judge whether the foundation of the Commons Declaration touching their Votes of no farther Addresse to the KING viz. His Majesties aversenesse to Peace be just Rationall and Religious PSAL. 21.7 The King trusteth in the Lord and through the mercy of the most High he shall not be moved Printed in the Yeare 1648. TO THE READERS of whatsoever Nation Quality or Condition Readers THe Papists teach that Ignorance is the Mother of Devotion but we believe of mischief rather The world knew him not says the Spirit of our Saviour for had they known as in another place they would not have crucified the Lord of Glory and â—f Ignorance it was they desired Barabbas and denyed Jesus I wot that through Ignorance ye did it sayes the Apostle So many people in these times have been busily mischievous against their King through Ignorance because they did not know Him for had they known His Vertues and His Graces they would not doubtlesse have opposed Him nor preferred such as they have done before Him But as our Saviour was so hath our Soveraign been shaddowed much from vulgar Eyes by the black cloud of sclaunder and reproaches which notwithstanding was and is removed from each by the patient sufferings gentle actions and gracious sayings of them both so that what was hidden did and doth at last appear maugre spight to admiration Verily this was the Son of God said some of Christ in those dayes who before had thought but meanly of him And againe Never Man did or spake like him So those men who when time was had low opinions of their King are even forced to confesse now that Doubtlesse He is a man of God highly beloved of the Father for never any in the midst of so much sorrow suffered acted or writ better then He hath done What Christs Minde and Spirit was even unto those who studyed His hurt the Gospell shewes and that all men might know the same 't is His Command to read that Search the Scriptures sayes he for they are they which doe testifie of me Indeed they are His Messages of Peace to mankinde they dâ—scover His love and disposition to us His strong desires of Reconciliation with us And of like nature or kinde to them are these ensuing Royall Papers which also for a like end are here collected published and presented in one view that the world might more fully see and know the King They are Messages of Peace from Him the wronged party and may be not unfitly called His Majesties Gospell to His people wherein they may most clearly view His Gracious Spirit and His temper His gentle Nature and disposition even towards those who take pains and pleasure both to vex and grieve Him Had that Heathen Senate of old Rome read Christs Gospell and Him therein His power and readinesse to save them they would not doubtlesse have voted Him no God So it may be thought if the Senate of these dayes had read these Messages of their Soveraign with a right Eye and observed His goodnesse expressed in them His ability and willingness of minde to pardon such as themselves are they would not have voted Him no King or which is little lesse no more Addresses to be made to Him But it seemes now through their default in grace and light His Majesties Regality like Christs Divinity must depend upon the approbation of His own Creatures for such they are as they possesse the place of Senatours and must passe for currant no longer in the world then they shall please to allow of it But doth not this Act of theirs proclaime to all they fear not God 't is His command that if a Brother an equall or common man be at odds with any there should be a going or sending to and a receiving from till a concord be concluded but these being at difference with their King their Soveraign their Publick Father to whom they owe all duty have voted the quite contrary and Resolv'd upon the Question that no more Addresses be made unto or received from Him and supposing that this their opposition unto God might be noted to their shame they have since that advised upon an Ordinance that none shall presume to speak against them or to finde fault at their so doing This is the Divinity of these times or rather of these new Reformers but we refer their doings to the worlds censure and themselves to the Iudge of all flesh Readers You have here set before your Eyes Piety and Conscience Wisdome and Humility Majesty and Mercy Bowels of Compassion and Charity to Friends and Enemies Yea what ever discovers a good King and a perfect Christian you shall meet with it in these Messages of His Majesty Behold them Read them Consider of them And let that sweet Spirit of God which shines and breathes in them be conveyed plentifully into your Hearts by them The Preface HAd Solomon lived in our daies He would scarce have said there is no new thing under the Sun or that which is hath been for surely that which now is hath never been the Sun never saw such a shamelesse and viperous Generation as the wicked world in this her last and worst Age hath brought forth Patience cannot mention them without a zealous passion against them and should Christ himself speak of them He would say they were of their father the Devill who undoubtedly hath put forth his whole strength to their begetting by whose sole help He hopes under contrary pretences and professions for ever to disgrace if not to ruinate Christian verity in this Kingdome to banish all Duty and Charity from among us to rob us of that Liberty which no people like us did injoy and to keep us under the most cruell and unreasonable Bondage that ever was and so to make us who were the Happiest of all nations the most miserable and despised To which ungodly ends this sinfull Brood have raised a most wicked war in their own native Country against their Soveraign the indulgent Father of it unto whom themselves had often sworn fidelity and Allegiance nor hath the supream Moderator of Heaven and Earth yet stopt them in their way but for the due punishment of our sins the full discovery of their incredible wickednesse and of those admirable graces in the King hath suffered them rather to prevail prosper and grow worse and worse these 7 years together in which interim or space of time His sacred Majesty though the wronged party imitating the Great and Good God hath often in his Commiseration and pity both to us and them of our misery and their madnesse sought Peace at their Hands who for no cause had broke the same yea and offered more for the Purchase of it then was ever till now desired of any English King But they designing as is now Evident to inslave us and settle themselves
our blessed Reformers Sure had they any Hope that the King were likely by impertinent discourses to Help their lame and barren cause with some advantages they would easily admit of a Treaty with Him what ere they say to the Contrary or did they imagine His Royall Pen could speak any thing but Innocency truth and Reason they would be content to hear from it upon this their further provocation of it but wholly despairing of such matters they have thought meet to imprison both Him and His Pen too which they know would in a moment cast down this idle Cobweb as it formerly hath done others of like nature and they think to stop all mens mouths by affirming the world well knows How fruitlesse their former Addresses have been to the King But though His Majesties Hands are thus tied this Spiders web must not scape brushing before it had Hung 3 daies an Honest broome reached at it a wholesome Antidote came out against it and made it appeare to be as it is fit onely for the draught or Dunghill and almost daily since some Loyall foot or other hath been trampling on it for Stones would surely move and stir in this case if men should not But sith none can speak so well as the King and He is voted to speak no more and sith their appeal is made to the worlds knowledge it shall not be amisse for the world to look back upon what the King hath said or done already even in Confutation of that here Charged upon Him scil His aversness unto Peace perhaps thereby alone it will sufficiently appear that of all sclaunderers which ever were these Declarers have deserved the name of the most impudent and most shamelesse We shall not need to look back so far as to the years 1642. 43. or call to mind His Majesties unwillingnesse to war at first His many Messages to prevent the same and to preserve peace before it was broken or to mention how scornfully they were entertained as effects only of His weakness instances of His want of power to make resistance Nor will we remember how by force of Arms they had kept him out of His town of Hull taken His Militia and Navy from Him and raised an Army against Him before He set up His Standerd in His own defence against them which His desire of Peace had prevailed with him to take down again and to recall his most just Declaration so that their unreverend and scandalous Libels against him might but likewise be recalled nor yet how in those daies his Messengers men of High Nobility and great Honour against whom they had nothing to object but that imployment were not suffered in person to declare their Message because it was for Peace but commanded to depart the town speedily Nor how at other times they imprisoned others that came to them on the same Errand how they often neglected to return Him any Answer at all or perhaps in lieu thereof after a moneths delay they would send Him a parcell of reproachfull expressions and peevish constructions of what He had writ in the sincerity of His heart and pity of Spirit for the insuing Miseries of His people which notwithstanding He would still interpret and call but mistakes that He might not exasperate if possible their ulcerated minds unto contention though in very deed they were no other then High Sclaunders studied Contempts Nor wil we call to mind how once in particular His earnest pressing for peace by a second and third Message before He had received Answer to a former did appear so intolerably offensive unto them that to teach Him to make an end of such motions and to prevent if it might be all further molestations from Him of that nature they fell the very next day after their receipt thereof having first committed His Messenger to accuse His Majesties Royall Consort of High Treason But these things at so large a distance we need not remember nor how his Majesty after the often frustration of such His own endevours for Peace did convene the loyall Lords and Commons at Oxford to consult of a way to procure that desired blessing how they laboured in vain about the same and had their Letters which they sent to that end cryed up and down London streets in scorn under the Title of a Petition of the Prince of Wales and Duke of Yorke for Peace How in answer thereto Papers full of Treason sedition and disloyalty were sent unto them together with that unlawfull Covenant which now themselves deride at as an Almanacke of last year or occasionall trick devised at the present to cheat the Kingdome for His Majesty and all in Oxford to take nor need we remember how all those Noble and Loyall men did under their Hands attest to all the world His Majesties earnest longings to have a period put to these unkind divisions which Himself also by his Actions did alwaies confirm whose constant course it was at the end of any Victory got by him or any remarkable defeat given to them to send forth His Proclamations of Mercy and tenders of pardon which are still extant in many hands on Condition they would but at length be quiet and imbrace peace which they would never consent unto unlesse He would also yeild to Justifie their Iealousies and to condemn Himself as guilty of all they had Charged upon Him And 't is well enough known that when ever He procured to have a Treaty with them which was but seldome His Propositions were so much tending to their advantage and his owne damage that nothing disliked them more then His moderation which indeed was the true cause of their continuall backwardnesse unto Treaties and also of their strict Limitations to their Commissioners when with much adoe they were obtained as is evident enough by the passages of that at Vxbridge for they supposing the reasonablenesse of what they knew His Majesty desired and the unreasonablenesse of what themselves intended to aske would be so apparent by a free and open discussion that a Peace thereby might happily be produced in despight of them wherefore their care was to prevent if they could any Treaties at all or else by devises to break them off before they came to any perfection and then they would with all speed make a Declaration to the world wherein they would pretend fully to shew that His Majesties demands had neither Reason nor Iustice either in the matter or manner of them but were such as left the people no Hopes to see an End of their present Calamities But as was said we shall not need to look back so far for Helps to overthrow the Groundwork of this their false building we shall onely remember the meanes used by His Majesty for Peace since His peoples Calamities are confessed without dispute to be solely continued by these Declarers since the power hath been wholly in their Hands and few or no forces pretending for the King in
the manner of Addresse which is now made unto Him Unlesse his two Houses intend that his Majesty shall allow of a Great Seal made without his Authority before there be any consideration had thereupon in a Treaty Which as it may hereafter hazard the security it self so for the present it seems very unreasonable to his Majesty And though his Majesty is willing to believe that the intention of very many in both Houses in sending these Bils before a Treaty was only to obtain a trust from Him and not to take any advantage by passing them to force other things from Him which are either against His Conscience or Honour Yet his Majesty believes it clear to all understandings that these Bils contain as they are now penned not only the devesting Himself of all Soveraignty and that without possibility of recovering it either to Him or his Successours except by repeal of those Bils but also the making his Concessions guilty of the greatest pressures that can be made upon the Subject as in other particulars so by giving an Arbitrary and Vnlimited power to the two Houses for ever to raise and levie Forces for Land or Sea service of what persons without distinction or quality and to what numbers they please And likewise for the payment of them to levy what Monies in such sort and by such waies and means and consequently upon the Estates of whatsoever Persons they shall think fit appoint Which is utterly inconsistent with the Liberty Property of the Subject and his Majesties trust in protecting them So that if the Major part of both Houses shall think it necessary to put the rest of the Propositions into Bils His Majesty leaves all the world to judge how unsafe it would be for Him to consent thereunto And if not what a strange condition after the passing of these four Bils his Majesty and all his Subjects would be cast into And here his Majesty thinks it not unfit to wish his two Houses to consider well the manner of their proceeding That when his Majesty desires a Personall Treaty with them for the setling of a Peace they in answer propose the very subject matter of the most essentiall part thereof to be first granted A thing which will be hardly credible to Posterity Wherefore his Majesty declares That neither the desire of being freed from this tedious and irksome condition of life his Majesty hath so long suffered nor the apprehension of what may befall him in case his two Houses shal not afford him a Personal Treaty shall make him change his resolution of not consenting to any Act till the whole Peace be concluded Yet then he intends not only to give just and reasonable satisfaction in the particulars presented to him but also to make good all other Concessions mentioned in his Message of the 16. of Novemb. last Which he thought would have produced better effects then what he finds in the Bils and Propositions now presented unto him And yet his Majesty cannot give over but now again earnestly presseth for a Personal Treaty so passionately is he affected with the advantages which Peace wil bring to his Majesty and all his Subjects of which he will not at all despair there being no other visible way to obtain a wel-grounded Peace However his Majesty is very much at ease within himself for having fulfilled the offices both of a Christian and of a King and will patiently wait the good pleasure of Almighty God to incline the hearts of his two Houses to consider their King and to compassionate their fellow Subjects miseries Given at Carisbrook-Castle in the Isle of Wight Decemb. 28. 1647. For the Speaker of the Lords House pro tempore to be communicated to the Lords and Commons in the Parliament of England at Westminster and the Commissioners of the Parliament of Scotland HIs Majesties Afflictions have been much increased by manifesting His care as an equall Father that satisfaction might be given to all ingaged interests therefore Presbyterians Independents Army Scots and all whoever they be that acknowledge a part in them and remain yet unsatisfied have reason as Christians as Subjects as men for meer gratitude sake were there no other reason to endeavour the vindication of those wrongs at least which His Majesty hath suffered since He stood forth as their Common Advocate To prevent their Audience upon the Kings motion were these Bills devised and sent in this sort unto His Majesty And for His not consenting so far to their damage and to the undoing of all the rest of His Subjects as these Bils required was His Majesty cast into a more hard and miserable Condition by some degrees then ever before having all His Servants on the sodain by violence thrust out from Him not so much as one of His Divines allowed unto Him Himself confined to two or three Roomes within the walls of a loathed Prison assaulted frequently He is with evil language and tormented with the spightfull behaviours of the Enemy permitted to see or speak to none but rude Souldiers who are set to watch Him and whom He hath hourly cause to look upon as Assassinates appointed for to murder Him His friends are not suffered to write unto Him nor His Children to send the remembrance of their duties yet His Trunks and Pockets are often searched for Letters with the highest insolency and rudenesse that can be shewn And all this with much more of like nature then can be expressed is come upon Him as it seemeth for moving in the behalf of all ingaged interests and therefore most truly did His Majesty in the Beginning of this Message say for He hath felt it since that He found the complying with all ingaged interests in these great distempers none of the least difficulties He met withall since the time of His Afflictions and therefore also as was said before were there no other cause they are all bound to ingage for Him till they have set Him free from His present Thraldome And indeed the Scotch Commissioners for their parts began well in their protesting in the name of their whole Kingdome against those unreasonable Bils at the same time that they were by the English Commissioners presented to His Majesty as being prejudiciall to Religioâ— to the Crown to the union and interest of both Nations and directly different from their former mutuall proceedings and ingagements now His Majesty for taking notice of this which was uttered in His presence and in the name of a whole Kingdome is extreamly quarrelled at and because He did not signe the said Bils notwithstanding the said protest He is immediately made close Prisoner and sensible of more then barbarous usage the Method of which is in part expressed in the following Declaration which twenty daies after His close confinement was written by His Majesties own hand and some twenty daies aftâ—r that by the speciall order and providence of him who is the preserver of Princes brought to light
might reigne over us and will they lay down their Rule Authority and Power surely no and yet this they must be forced to do before the Kingdome will ere be setled But how will they settle this Kingdom without the King even as they have setled Ireland they would never be quiet as you all know till the management of the war there which themselves also as is now believed had an hand in raising might be wholly in their hands with exclusion of His Majesty whom God hath appointed and too many of you the people in the simplicity of your spirits were for them against your Soveraign and desired that the Parliament without the King might take order for that Businesse and now you understand too plainly how well they have ordered the same these two last years in speciall while they had nothing else to mind and have kept so many lazy Officers and Souldiers to burden and oppresse you O how do the poor neglected and straved Soldiery in that lost Kingdom as well as the ruinated Protestants there pour forth now their deserved execrations and curses against these deceitfull and false-hearted men How are they now brought to beleeve and forced to confesse that none is nor was so tenderly affected towards them as the King and that Gods blessing will not concur with any endeavours there till they be managed againe by Him whom God hath intrusted O remember Ireland remember Ireland Happy may you be yet once againe in this Kingdom if the miseries which have been felt in that since these new Masters tooke upon them to be the sole disposers of affaires there may make you wary O take heed therefore in due time you do not beleeve them when they say they will settle the Peace of this Kingdom without the King Againe they promised to set up Iesus Christ in the Throne of his Kingdome but they meant themselves onely in the Throne of this for do you not see how they have gone about it and how far they have advanc'd their worke in 7. years Have they not imprisoned turned out of Gods Vineyard the most faithfull and painfull Labourers forbidden them to preach in that name or to publish that truth which this Church professeth and themselves protested to maintaine How many Congregations at this present want Pastors in this famous City and how many thousand Parishes are destitute in the Countries of right teaching now for what cause is all this why are Gods Prophets thus knocked off from their imployments wherefore are they inhibited the doing of their duties is it for any thing else then because they inveigh against that wickednesse which God abhorreth are they not for this sole reason said to be enemies to the Parliament to preach against that why do they not say in plaine termes the Parliament cannot sin or that sin and that are all one and must not be reproved or else having nothing else to lay to their charge why do not they suffer Gods Messengers to declare their Ambassage or if they will not so let them at least discover themselves as openly in this at they have done in other particulars for though they said as first they tooke up Armes to remove ill Councellors and to bring Delinquents to punishment yet now they can speake out and say it was to wrest the Legislative power and Militia out of His Majesties Hand and though they promised at first to make the King MOST GLORIOUS yet now they blush not to proclaime we will not have this man to reigne over us we will make no more addresses to Him we will exercise Authority without Him and against Him So though they promised at first to set up Christ in His Throne let them now tell us in plaine English also that they meane to thrust Him and all that truely professe Him according to the right Doctrine of the Gospel out of this Land for this is the very language of all their Actions Againe they pretended great Emnity unto Popish Doctrines and Tenents and Episcopacy was pull'd down out of zeale against Popery as if that had been a friend unto it With what clamours did they represent unto the people Secretary Windebanks intercourse with Iesuites and Popish Priests and the Bishops Chaplaines licencing of Books supposed to be Popish and yet these very men have permitted Mabbot the allowed Broaker of all these venemous scriblings to Authorize the Printing a booke of Parsons the Iesuite full of the most Popish and Treasonable positions that were ever vented for very good Doctrine nay more then this have they not contributed 30. l. toward the charge of Printing the same when after its publication it was told them by some that the said booke had been condemned by Parliament in the 35. of Queen Elizabeth and that the Printer thereof was Hang'd drawne and quarter'd for the same that it was then enacted that whosoever should have it in their house should be guilty of high Treason when all this was related to some of the Committee of Examinations did they not stop their eares at it did they not slight those that thus spake unto them their owne Consciences know all this to be true and that we are able to prove it before the World yet these be the men forsooth that hate Popery This Popish Booke which we speake of was at first published Anno 1524. under the name of Dolman and intituled a conference about the succession of the Crowne it consists of two parts whereof the first conteines a discourse of a Civill Lawyer How and in what manner propinquity of blood is to be preferred it is divided into 9. Chapters all which this blessed Reforming Parliament hath now published under the Title of Severall speeches delivered at a conference concerning the power of Parliaments to proceed against their King for misgovernment they were all Answered as they are in the Iesuites booke by Sir Iohn Haward Doctor of the Civill Law in the year 1603. and Dedicated to King Iames which Answer is common in Booksellers shops to be still sold. Now there is no difference betwixt this book published by this Parliament and that of the Iesuite condemned by that other An. 35. Eliz. but onely this when the Iesuite mentions the Apostles He addes the word Saint to their names S. Iohn S. Iames S. Peter which the Author of this new Edition leaves out and saies plaine Iohn Iames and Peter and perhaps in some places the word Parliament is put instead of the word Pope or people nay the variation is so little that it speakes the publisher a very weake man and those that set him on work none of the wisest in imploying so simple an Animall in a businesse of so great concernment we shall instance but in one passage Old Dolman or Parsons had said in the year 1594. that many were then living in England who had seen the severall Coronations of King Edw. the 6. Queen Mary and Queen Eliz. and could witnesse