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the_o work_n of_o the_o famous_a nicholas_n machiavelli_n citizen_z and_o secretary_z of_o florence_n write_a original_o in_o italian_a and_o from_o thence_o new_o and_o faithful_o translate_v into_o english_a london_n print_v for_o john_n starkey_n charles_n harper_n and_o john_n amery_n at_o the_o mitre_n the_o flower-de-luce_n and_o the_o peacock_n in_o fleetstreet_n 1680._o license_v febr._n 2._o 1674._o the_o several_a treatise_n contain_v in_o this_o book_n 1._o the_o history_n of_o florence_n 2._o the_o prince_n 3._o the_o original_a of_o the_o guelf_n and_o ghibilin_n faction_n 4._o the_o life_n of_o castruccio_n castracani_n 5._o the_o murder_n of_o vitelli_n etc._n etc._n by_o duke_n valentino_n 6._o the_o state_n of_o france_n 7._o the_o state_n of_o germany_n 8._o the_o discourse_n on_o titus_n livius_n 9_o the_o art_n of_o war._n 10._o the_o marriage_n of_o belphegor_n a_o novel_a 11._o nicholas_n machiavel_n letter_n in_o vindication_n of_o himself_o and_o his_o write_n 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the_o descendants_n of_o his_o own_o admirer_n in_o florence_n till_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o pontisicat_fw-la of_o vrbane_n the_o 8_o it_o be_v procure_v by_o the_o jesuit_n and_o other_o busybody_n and_o bring_v to_o rome_n with_o a_o intention_n to_o divert_v that_o wise_a pope_n from_o his_o design_n of_o make_v one_o of_o nicholas_n machiavel_n name_n and_o family_n cardinal_n as_o notwithstanding_o all_o their_o opposition_n he_o do_v not_o long_o after_o when_o it_o be_v get_v into_o that_o city_n it_o want_v not_o those_o who_o have_v the_o judgement_n and_o curiosity_n to_o copy_v it_o and_o so_o at_o length_n come_v to_o enjoy_v that_o privilege_n which_o all_o rare_a piece_n even_o the_o sharp_a libel_n and_o pasquil_n challenge_v in_o that_o court_n which_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v to_o stranger_n one_o of_o which_o be_v a_o gentleman_n of_o this_o country_n bring_v it_o over_o with_o he_o at_o his_o return_n from_o thence_o in_o the_o year_n 1645._o and_o have_v 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his_o compliment_n in_o this_o letter_n to_o that_o prince_n and_o profess_a obligation_n to_o he_o if_o this_o be_v so_o we_o must_v impute_v it_o to_o his_o too_o great_a zeal_n to_o concur_v with_o the_o desire_n of_o the_o universality_n at_o that_o time_n in_o restore_v the_o liberty_n of_o their_o country_n which_o have_v so_o far_o dazzle_v the_o judgement_n even_o of_o great_a and_o wise_a man_n that_o thou_o â—eest_v many_o grave_a author_n among_o the_o ancient_n have_v even_o commend_v and_o deify_v the_o ingratitude_n and_o treachery_n of_o brutus_n and_o cassius_n but_o certain_o this_o crime_n of_o he_o will_v have_v be_v much_o more_o unpardonable_a if_o he_o have_v live_v to_o see_v his_o own_o prophecy_n fulfil_v in_o the_o person_n and_o descendants_n of_o this_o great_a cosimo_n for_o there_o be_v never_o any_o succession_n of_o prince_n since_o the_o world_n begin_v in_o which_o all_o the_o royal_a virtue_n and_o other_o quality_n necessary_a to_o those_o who_o 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university_n pay_v the_o professor_n who_o be_v eminent_a for_o learning_n and_o discharge_v all_o other_o incidency_n out_o of_o their_o own_o revenue_n beside_o the_o raise_n stately_a building_n for_o school_n and_o library_n their_o sound_n a_o renown_a order_n of_o knighthood_n and_o keep_v the_o chapter_n in_o the_o same_o city_n and_o order_v a_o considerable_a number_n of_o knight_n constant_o to_o reside_v there_o both_o which_o be_v intend_v and_o perform_v by_o they_o to_o increase_v the_o concourse_n and_o restore_v the_o wealth_n to_o the_o once_o opulent_a inhabitant_n of_o that_o place_n their_o new_a building_n fortify_v and_o enfranchize_v livorne_v that_o even_o by_o the_o abolish_n their_o own_o custom_n they_o may_v enrich_v their_o subject_n and_o make_v that_o port_n as_o it_o now_o be_v the_o magazine_n of_o all_o the_o levant_n trade_n and_o last_o their_o not_o have_v in_o 140_o year_n ever_o levy_v any_o new_a tax_n upon_o their_o people_n except_v in_o the_o year_n 1642._o to_o defend_v the_o liberty_n of_o italy_n against_o the_o barbarini_n these_o thing_n will_v merit_v a_o panegyric_n if_o either_o my_o part_n or_o this_o short_a advertisement_n will_v admit_v it_o i_o shall_v conclude_v then_o after_o i_o have_v bear_v a_o just_a and_o dutiful_a testimony_n to_o the_o merit_n of_o the_o prince_n who_o now_o govern_v that_o state_n in_o who_o if_o all_o the_o princely_a virtue_n and_o endowment_n shall_v be_v lose_v they_o may_v be_v find_v and_o restore_v again_o to_o the_o world_n as_o some_o ingenious_a artist_n in_o the_o last_o age_n retrieve_v the_o art_n of_o sculpture_n by_o certain_a bas_fw-fr relievos_fw-la remain_v on_o some_o pillar_n and_o wall_n at_o rome_n the_o prudence_n magnanimity_n charity_n liberality_n and_o above_o all_o the_o humanity_n courtesy_n and_o affability_n of_o this_o prince_n though_o they_o exceed_v my_o
offender_n and_o this_o be_v the_o first_o appearance_n of_o justice_n in_o the_o world_n after_o which_o be_v to_o make_v election_n of_o their_o prince_n they_o do_v not_o so_o much_o respect_v the_o ability_n of_o his_o body_n as_o the_o qualification_n of_o his_o mind_n choose_v he_o that_o be_v most_o prudent_a and_o just_a but_o by_o degree_n their_o government_n come_v to_o be_v hereditary_a and_o not_o by_o election_n according_a to_o their_o former_a way_n those_o which_o inherit_v degenerate_v from_o their_o ancestor_n and_o neglect_v all_o virtuous_a action_n begin_v to_o believe_v that_o prince_n be_v exalt_v for_o no_o other_o end_n but_o to_o discriminate_a themselve_n from_o their_o subject_n by_o their_o pomp_n luxury_n and_o all_o other_o effeminate_a quality_n by_o which_o mean_n they_o fall_v into_o the_o hatred_n of_o the_o people_n and_o by_o consequence_n become_v afraid_a of_o they_o and_o that_o fear_v increase_n they_o begin_v to_o meditate_v revenge_n oppress_v some_o and_o disoblige_v other_o till_o insensible_o the_o government_n alter_v and_o fall_v into_o tyranny_n and_o these_o be_v the_o first_o ground_n of_o ruin_n the_o first_o occasion_n of_o conjuration_n and_o conspiracy_n against_o prince_n not_o so_o much_o in_o the_o pusillanimous_a and_o poor_a as_o in_o those_o who_o generosity_n spirit_n and_o riches_n will_v not_o suffer_v they_o to_o submit_v to_o so_o dishonourable_a administration_n the_o multitude_n follow_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o noble_n take_v up_o arm_n against_o their_o prince_n and_o have_v conquer_v and_o extirpate_v that_o government_n they_o subject_v themselves_o to_o the_o nobility_n which_o have_v free_v they_o and_o detest_a the_o name_n of_o a_o single_a person_n they_o take_v the_o government_n upon_o themselves_o and_o at_o first_o reflect_v upon_o the_o late_a tyranny_n govern_v according_a to_o new_a law_n devise_v by_o themselves_o postpone_v particular_a profit_n to_o public_a advantage_n so_o that_o both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o be_v preserve_v and_o manage_v with_o great_a diligence_n and_o exactness_n but_o their_o authority_n afterward_o descend_v upon_o their_o son_n who_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o variation_n of_o fortune_n as_o not_o have_v experiment_a her_o inconstancy_n and_o not_o content_v themselves_o with_o a_o civil_a equality_n but_o fall_v into_o rapine_n oppression_n ambition_n and_o adultery_n they_o change_v the_o government_n again_o and_o bring_v it_o from_o a_o optimacy_n to_o be_v govern_v by_o few_o without_o any_o respect_n or_o consideration_n of_o justice_n or_o civility_n so_o that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n it_o happen_v to_o they_o as_o to_o the_o tyrant_n for_o the_o multitude_n be_v weary_a of_o their_o government_n be_v ready_a to_o assist_v any_o body_n that_o will_v attempt_v to_o remove_v it_o by_o which_o mean_v in_o a_o short_a time_n it_o be_v extinguish_v and_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o tyranny_n of_o their_o prince_n and_o the_o insolence_n of_o their_o noble_n be_v fresh_a in_o their_o memory_n they_o resolve_v to_o restore_v neither_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o but_o conclude_v upon_o a_o popular_a state_n which_o be_v regulate_v so_o as_o neither_o prince_n nor_o noble_a shall_v have_v any_o authority_n and_o there_o be_v no_o state_n but_o be_v reverence_v at_o first_o this_o populacy_n continue_v for_o some_o time_n but_o not_o long_o especial_o after_o its_o founder_n for_o it_o fall_v immediate_o into_o a_o irresistible_a licentiousness_n contemn_v all_o authority_n both_o public_a and_o private_a and_o every_o man_n live_v after_o his_o own_o mind_n a_o thousand_o injury_n be_v daily_o commit_v so_o that_o force_v by_o necessity_n by_o the_o suggestion_n of_o some_o good_a maâ—_n or_o for_o avoid_v the_o like_a enormity_n they_o return_v to_o their_o primitive_a kingship_n and_o from_o thence_o by_o degree_n relapse_v again_o in_o the_o manner_n and_o upon_o the_o occasion_n aforesaid_a and_o this_o be_v the_o sphere_n and_o circle_n in_o which_o all_o republic_n have_v and_o do_v move_v but_o it_o seldom_o or_o never_o happen_v that_o they_o return_v to_o the_o same_o circumstance_n of_o government_n again_o because_o it_o be_v scarce_o possible_a for_o any_o of_o they_o to_o be_v so_o long_o live_v as_o to_o pass_v many_o time_n through_o the_o same_o mutation_n and_o remain_v upon_o its_o leg_n it_o sometime_o come_v to_o pass_v likewise_o that_o in_o the_o conflict_n and_o trouble_n of_o a_o state_n be_v destitute_a both_o of_o counsel_n and_o force_n it_o become_v a_o prey_n to_o some_o neighbour_a commonwealth_n that_o be_v better_a govern_v than_o it_o but_o admit_v that_o can_v not_o be_v government_n will_v fall_v from_o one_o to_o another_o and_o make_v a_o infinite_a circulation_n for_o these_o reason_n all_o the_o foresay_a form_n of_o government_n be_v in_o my_o judgement_n infirm_a and_o unstable_a the_o three_o good_a one_o from_o the_o shortness_n of_o man_n life_n and_o the_o three_o bad_a one_o from_o their_o proper_a imperfection_n whereupon_o the_o wise_a legislator_n find_v this_o defect_n and_o avoid_v every_o one_o of_o those_o kind_n they_o frame_v a_o government_n which_o shall_v consist_v of_o they_o all_o believe_v it_o to_o be_v more_o permanent_a and_o stable_a because_o prince_n nobles_z and_o people_z live_v in_o the_o same_o city_n and_o communicate_v in_o the_o same_o government_n they_o will_v be_v all_o of_o they_o in_o sight_n of_o one_o another_o and_o more_o capable_a of_o correction_n the_o person_n which_o in_o this_o kind_n have_v merit_v most_o praise_n be_v lycurgus_n who_o order_v his_o law_n in_o sparta_n in_o such_o manner_n that_o give_v king_n nobility_n and_o people_n each_o of_o they_o their_o portion_n he_o erect_v a_o government_n that_o continue_v for_o more_o than_o eight_o hundred_o year_n to_o his_o great_a honour_n and_o that_o city_n repose_n to_o solon_n it_o happen_v clear_a otherwise_o who_o be_v the_o athenian_a legislator_n who_o aim_v only_o at_o a_o popular_a government_n be_v the_o cause_n it_o be_v so_o short_a live_v that_o before_o he_o die_v he_o see_v the_o tyranny_n of_o pisistrate_n spring_v out_o of_o it_o and_o though_o forty_o year_n after_o the_o tyrant_n heir_n be_v expel_v and_o athens_n restore_v to_o its_o liberty_n yet_o resume_v the_o old_a model_n which_o solon_n have_v recommend_v it_o can_v not_o continue_v above_o a_o hundred_o year_n notwithstanding_o many_o new_a law_n be_v superadd_v to_o restrain_v the_o insolence_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o the_o looseness_n of_o the_o commons_o but_o there_o be_v no_o mixture_n and_o temperament_n of_o principality_n and_o optimacy_n with_o the_o other_o in_o respect_n of_o sparta_n athens_n be_v but_o of_o little_a duration_n but_o to_o return_v to_o rome_n though_o it_o have_v not_o a_o lycurgus_n to_o obstetricate_a at_o its_o birth_n and_o supply_v it_o with_o such_o law_n as_o may_v preserve_v its_o freedom_n so_o long_o nevertheless_o the_o accident_n which_o happen_v upon_o the_o dissension_n betwixt_o the_o people_n and_o the_o senate_n produce_v that_o in_o some_o measure_n which_o be_v defective_a at_o its_o foundation_n for_o though_o in_o its_o beginning_n its_o law_n and_o order_n be_v imperfect_a yet_o it_o do_v not_o altogether_o deflect_v from_o the_o right_a way_n which_o be_v to_o conduct_v it_o to_o perfection_n romulus_n numa_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o its_o king_n make_v many_o good_a law_n conformable_a to_o its_o freedom_n but_o their_o ultimate_a design_n be_v to_o perpetuate_v their_o monarchy_n though_o that_o city_n remain_v free_a there_o be_v many_o thing_n omit_v by_o those_o prince_n which_o be_v necessary_a for_o its_o conservation_n and_o though_o it_o fall_v out_o their_o king_n lose_v their_o dominion_n upon_o the_o abovesaid_a occasion_n yet_o those_o who_o expulse_v they_o create_v two_o consul_n in_o their_o stead_n they_o rather_o drive_v the_o name_n than_o the_o authority_n of_o kingship_n out_o of_o the_o city_n after_o which_o the_o government_n reside_v in_o the_o consul_n and_o senate_n it_o consist_v only_o of_o two_o of_o the_o three_o sort_n monarchy_n and_o aristocracy_n it_o remain_v now_o to_o give_v place_n only_o to_o a_o popular_a government_n and_o the_o roman_a nobility_n be_v grow_v insolent_a upon_o occasion_n which_o shall_v be_v mention_v hereafter_o the_o people_n tumultuate_v take_v up_o arm_n against_o they_o and_o prevail_v so_o far_o that_o lest_o otherwise_o they_o may_v lose_v all_o it_o be_v consent_v the_o people_n shall_v have_v their_o share_n and_o yet_o the_o senate_n and_o consul_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n retain_v so_o much_o of_o their_o former_a authority_n as_o to_o keep_v up_o their_o degree_n as_o before_o and_o this_o be_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o tribune_n of_o the_o people_n after_o the_o creation_n of_o which_o that_o state_n become_v better_o establish_v every_o one_o of_o the_o three_o sort_n
grant_v it_o this_o be_v not_o according_a to_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o roman_n for_o the_o duke_n be_v very_o strong_a and_o the_o florentine_n but_o weak_a it_o have_v be_v more_o for_o their_o honour_n to_o have_v grant_v he_o passage_n when_o they_o can_v not_o obstruct_v it_o that_o what_o they_o can_v not_o resist_v may_v have_v be_v impute_v to_o their_o courtesy_n but_o there_o be_v no_o remedy_n it_o be_v the_o property_n of_o weak_a state_n to_o do_v every_o thing_n amiss_o and_o never_o to_o do_v well_o but_o in_o spite_n of_o their_o tooth_n for_o there_o be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o prudence_n among_o they_o and_o this_o florence_n have_v verify_v in_o two_o other_o case_n in_o the_o year_n 1500._o when_o lewis_n xii_o have_v repossess_v himself_o of_o milan_n he_o have_v a_o inclination_n to_o restore_v pisa_n to_o the_o florentine_n upon_o the_o payment_n of_o 50000_o florin_n to_o this_o purpose_n he_o send_v thither_o his_o army_n under_o the_o command_n of_o mounsieur_fw-fr de_fw-fr beaumond_n in_o who_o though_o a_o french_a man_n the_o florentine_n have_v great_a confidence_n beaumond_n come_v up_o with_o his_o army_n betwixt_o cassina_n and_o pisa_n and_o lodge_v it_o convenient_o for_o the_o batter_a the_o town_n have_v be_v two_o or_o three_o day_n before_o it_o and_o all_o thing_n ready_a for_o the_o assault_n commissioner_n come_v out_o and_o offer_v to_o surrender_v to_o the_o french_a upon_o condition_n that_o he_o will_v engage_v upon_o the_o honour_n of_o his_o master_n that_o it_o shall_v not_o in_o four_o month_n time_n be_v deliver_v to_o the_o florentine_a to_o which_o the_o florentine_n not_o consent_v the_o commissioner_n return_v the_o cause_n why_o the_o florentine_n refuse_v it_o be_v their_o jealousy_n of_o the_o king_n though_o they_o have_v put_v themselves_o under_o his_o protection_n they_o do_v not_o consider_v that_o the_o king_n can_v better_o have_v put_v the_o town_n into_o their_o hand_n when_o he_o be_v master_n of_o it_o himself_o and_o if_o he_o have_v refuse_v it_o it_o will_v have_v discover_v he_o than_o promise_n to_o do_v it_o when_o he_o be_v not_o in_o possession_n and_o yet_o they_o be_v force_v to_o purchase_v that_o promise_n at_o a_o very_a great_a rate_n two_o year_n after_o arezzo_n revolt_v and_o the_o king_n send_v seigneur_n jubalt_n with_o supply_n to_o the_o florentine_n who_o have_v besiege_v the_o town_n jubalt_n be_v no_o soon_o arrive_v but_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o arezzo_n make_v he_o the_o same_o proffer_n and_o the_o florentine_n can_v not_o be_v bring_v to_o consent_v jubalt_n resent_v it_o and_o know_v it_o to_o be_v a_o great_a fault_n he_o practise_v private_o with_o the_o aretine_n without_o communicate_v with_o the_o florentine_a commissary_n a_o agreement_n be_v clap_v up_o betwixt_o they_o by_o virtue_n of_o which_o jubalt_n enter_v the_o town_n and_o reproach_v the_o florentine_n by_o their_o indiscretion_n as_o people_n whole_o inexperience_v in_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o world_n he_o tell_v they_o if_o they_o desire_v to_o have_v it_o they_o shall_v signify_v it_o to_o the_o king_n who_o will_v be_v better_a able_a to_o gratify_v they_o in_o the_o town_n than_o without_o the_o florentine_n be_v high_o offend_v and_o speak_v very_o hardly_o of_o jubalt_n till_o they_o consider_v that_o of_o beaumond_n have_v do_v the_o same_o at_o pisa_n they_o have_v both_o as_o well_o as_o one_o i_o say_v therefore_o that_o weak_a and_o irresolute_a state_n do_v seldom_o take_v good_a counsel_n unless_o they_o be_v force_v for_o their_o weakness_n suffer_v they_o not_o to_o deliberate_v where_o any_o thing_n be_v doubtful_a and_o if_o that_o doubt_n be_v not_o remove_v by_o a_o violent_a necessity_n they_o never_o come_v to_o a_o resolution_n but_o be_v always_o in_o suspense_n chap._n thirty-nine_o divers_a people_n have_v many_o time_n the_o same_o accident_n whoever_o compare_v past_a thing_n with_o the_o present_a will_v find_v that_o in_o all_o age_n man_n have_v have_v the_o same_o humour_n and_o appetite_n as_o now_o so_o that_o it_o be_v a_o easy_a matter_n by_o consult_v what_o be_v pass_v not_o only_o in_o all_o commonwealth_n to_o see_v what_o will_v follow_v but_o to_o provide_v such_o remedy_n as_o their_o predecessor_n do_v apply_v or_o if_o there_o be_v no_o precedent_n to_o invent_v new_a remedy_n according_a to_o the_o similitude_n of_o the_o accident_n but_o because_o these_o consideration_n be_v neglect_v history_n not_o read_v or_o not_o understand_v at_o least_o by_o he_o who_o govern_v it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o all_o age_n have_v their_o miscarriage_n and_o trouble_n the_o city_n of_o florence_n after_o the_o government_n have_v stand_v 94_o year_n have_v lose_v a_o good_a part_n of_o its_o territory_n as_o pisa_n and_o other_o town_n be_v force_v to_o make_v war_n upon_o those_o who_o possess_v they_o and_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v strong_a and_o unwilling_a to_o restore_v they_o much_o be_v spend_v in_o the_o war_n to_o very_o little_a purpose_n their_o great_a expense_n occasion_v great_a tax_n and_o their_o imposition_n upon_o the_o people_n make_v they_o mutinous_a and_o unquiet_a these_o affair_n be_v administer_v by_o a_o magistracy_n of_o ten_o citizen_n who_o be_v call_v the_o dieci_fw-la della_fw-it guerra_n the_o people_n begin_v to_o repine_v and_o to_o complain_v that_o the_o say_a counsel_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o war_n and_o that_o they_o embezle_v their_o money_n that_o the_o best_a way_n will_v be_v to_o remove_v they_o from_o that_o office_n or_o when_o their_o time_n be_v expire_v to_o choose_v no_o more_o but_o let_v the_o government_n fall_v back_o into_o its_o old_a channel_n again_o these_o grave_a person_n who_o have_v the_o superintendancy_n of_o the_o war_n be_v no_o soon_o discharge_v but_o thing_n grow_v worse_a and_o worse_o and_o instead_o of_o recover_v pisa_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o town_n in_o dispute_n they_o lose_v arezzo_n and_o several_a other_o place_n the_o people_n find_v their_o mistake_n and_o that_o their_o malady_n be_v rather_o from_o the_o fever_n than_o the_o physician_n they_o restore_v the_o ten_o commissary_n which_o before_o they_o have_v cashier_v the_o people_n of_o rome_n have_v the_o same_o fancy_n against_o the_o consul_n and_o will_v not_o believe_v but_o they_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o all_o their_o distraction_n and_o that_o to_o settle_v all_o thing_n and_o preserve_v themselves_o in_o peace_n the_o best_a way_n will_v be_v to_o remove_v they_o entire_o and_o provide_v that_o there_o shall_v never_o be_v any_o more_o or_o else_o to_o restrain_v and_o limit_v their_o authority_n in_o such_o manner_n that_o they_o shall_v have_v no_o power_n over_o they_o either_o within_o the_o city_n or_o without_o they_o believe_v that_o all_o proceed_v from_o the_o ambition_n of_o the_o nobility_n who_o not_o be_v able_a to_o chastise_v the_o people_n in_o the_o city_n because_o they_o be_v protect_v by_o their_o tribune_n contrive_v to_o carry_v they_o out_o of_o town_n under_o the_o command_n of_o their_o consul_n to_o correct_v they_o where_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v capable_a of_o any_o redress_n the_o first_o man_n who_o have_v the_o confidence_n to_o propose_v it_o be_v terentillus_n a_o tribune_n who_o move_v that_o it_o may_v be_v commit_v to_o five_o person_n to_o consider_v the_o power_n of_o the_o consul_n and_o to_o appoint_v limitation_n the_o nobility_n oppose_v it_o and_o it_o be_v probable_a employ_v all_o their_o interest_n against_o it_o for_o it_o be_v no_o less_o than_o to_o debase_v the_o majesty_n of_o the_o government_n and_o leave_v themselves_o no_o dignity_n in_o the_o commonwealth_n nevertheless_o the_o obstinacy_n of_o the_o tribune_n be_v such_o that_o the_o name_n of_o consul_n be_v lay_v aside_o and_o after_o several_a experiment_n the_o people_n choose_v rather_o to_o create_v their_o tribune_n with_o consular_a power_n than_o to_o create_v new_a consul_n again_o show_v thereby_o that_o their_o quarrel_n be_v not_o so_o much_o against_o the_o authority_n as_o name_n but_o they_o find_v their_o error_n at_o length_n and_o restore_v their_o consul_n as_o the_o florentine_n do_v their_o council_n of_o ten_o chap._n xl._o the_o creation_n of_o the_o decemvirate_a in_o rome_n what_o thing_n be_v most_o remarkable_a in_o it_o and_o how_o far_o such_o a_o constitution_n may_v be_v useful_a or_o pernicious_a to_o a_o commonwealth_n before_o we_o discourse_v of_o the_o trouble_n and_o commotion_n which_o happen_v in_o rome_n by_o mean_n of_o the_o decemvirate_a it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o give_v a_o short_a history_n of_o its_o creation_n in_o which_o there_o be_v many_o thing_n well_o worthy_a our_o remark_n as_o well_o for_o the_o preservation_n as_o destruction_n of_o a_o state_n and_o this_o discourse_n will_v remonstrate_v the_o error_n both_o of_o the_o
the_o adriatic_a sea_n which_o be_v not_o inhabit_v they_o escape_v after_o they_o themselves_o the_o padovans_n see_v the_o fire_n so_o near_o they_o conclude_v when_o aquilegia_fw-la be_v take_v his_o next_o visit_n will_v be_v to_o they_o send_v away_o their_o good_n wife_n child_n and_o unserviceable_a people_n to_o a_o place_n in_o the_o same_o sea_n call_v rivo_n alto_n leave_v the_o young_a man_n and_o such_o as_o be_v able_a to_o bear_v arm_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o town_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o montfelice_n and_o the_o hill_n about_o it_o fear_v the_o same_o destiny_n remove_v to_o the_o same_o island_n aquilegia_fw-la be_v take_v and_o padova_n montfelice_n vicenza_n and_o verona_n overcome_v and_o sack_v by_o aâ—tila's_n army_n those_o which_o remain_v of_o the_o padovans_n and_o the_o most_o considerable_a of_o the_o rest_n settle_v their_o habitation_n in_o certain_a fen_n and_o marsh_n about_o the_o aforesaid_a rivo_n alto_n and_o all_o the_o people_n about_o that_o province_n which_o be_v ancient_o call_v venetia_n be_v drive_v out_o of_o their_o country_n by_o the_o same_o calamity_n join_v themselves_o with_o they_o change_v by_o necessity_n their_o pleasant_a and_o plentiful_a habitation_n for_o rude_a and_o barren_a place_n void_a of_o all_o commodity_n and_o convenience_n but_o their_o number_n be_v great_a and_o their_o quarter_n but_o small_a in_o a_o short_a time_n they_o make_v it_o not_o only_o habitable_a but_o delightful_a frame_v such_o law_n and_o order_n to_o themselves_o as_o secure_v they_o against_o misery_n of_o their_o neighbour_n and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n make_v they_o considerable_a both_o for_o reputation_n and_o force_n so_o that_o besides_o their_o first_o inhabitant_n many_o people_n resort_v to_o they_o from_o the_o city_n of_o lombardy_n upon_o occasion_n of_o the_o cruelty_n of_o clefi_n king_n of_o the_o lombard_n they_o multiply_v so_o fast_o that_o when_o pepin_n king_n of_o france_n at_o the_o solicitation_n of_o the_o pope_n undertake_v to_o drive_v the_o lombard_n out_o of_o italy_n in_o the_o treaty_n betwixt_o he_o and_o the_o emperor_n of_o greece_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o the_o duke_n of_o benevento_n and_o the_o venetian_n shall_v be_v subject_a neither_o to_o the_o one_o nor_o the_o other_o but_o enjoy_v their_o liberty_n to_o themselves_o moreover_o necessity_n have_v determine_v their_o habitation_n among_o the_o water_n have_v no_o land_n to_o supply_v they_o it_o force_v they_o to_o look_v about_o which_o way_n they_o may_v live_v and_o apply_v to_o navigation_n they_o begin_v to_o trade_n about_o the_o world_n and_o not_o only_o furnish_v themselves_o with_o necessary_a provision_n but_o by_o degree_n bring_v thither_o such_o variety_n of_o merchandise_n that_o other_o people_n which_o have_v need_n of_o they_o come_v to_o they_o to_o be_v supply_v at_o first_o have_v no_o thought_n of_o dominion_n they_o be_v whole_o intent_n upon_o what_o may_v facilitate_v their_o trade_n and_o in_o order_n thereunto_o they_o acquire_v several_a port_n french_a both_o in_o greece_n and_o syria_n and_o in_o their_o passage_n into_o asia_n the_o french_a make_v use_n of_o their_o ship_n they_o give_v they_o by_o way_n of_o recompense_n the_o island_n of_o candia_n while_o they_o live_v at_o this_o rate_n their_o name_n be_v grow_v formidable_a at_o sea_n and_o so_o venerable_a at_o land_n that_o in_o most_o controversy_n betwixt_o their_o neighbour_n they_o be_v the_o only_a arbitrator_n as_o it_o happen_v in_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o confederate_n upon_o the_o division_n of_o the_o town_n where_o the_o cause_n be_v refer_v to_o they_o they_o award_v bergamo_n and_o brescia_n to_o the_o visconti_n but_o have_v afterward_o in_o process_n of_o time_n conquer_v padova_n vicenza_n trivegi_n and_o after_o they_o verona_n bergamo_n and_o brescia_n beside_o several_a town_n in_o romagna_n and_o else_o where_o their_o power_n begin_v to_o be_v so_o considerable_a that_o not_o only_o the_o prince_n of_o italy_n but_o the_o great_a and_o most_o remote_a king_n be_v afraid_a to_o provoke_v they_o whereupon_o enter_v into_o a_o conspiracy_n against_o they_o the_o venetian_n lose_v all_o in_o one_o day_n that_o in_o so_o many_o year_n and_o with_o so_o vast_a expense_n they_o have_v be_v gain_v and_o though_o in_o our_o time_n they_o may_v have_v recover_v it_o in_o part_n yet_o not_o have_v regain_v their_o reputation_n and_o power_n they_o live_v at_o the_o mercy_n of_o other_o people_n as_o indeed_o all_o the_o prince_n of_o italy_n do_v pope_n benedict_n xii_o be_v pope_n look_v upon_o italy_n as_o lose_v and_o fear_v that_o lodovic_n the_o emperor_n shall_v make_v himself_o master_n of_o it_o he_o resolve_v to_o enter_v into_o strict_a amity_n with_o all_o those_o who_o hold_v any_o land_n that_o belong_v former_o to_o the_o empire_n presume_v their_o fear_n to_o be_v dispossess_v will_v make_v they_o faithful_a in_o the_o defence_n of_o italy_n and_o zealous_a to_o keep_v he_o out_o according_o he_o publish_v a_o decree_n to_o confirm_v all_o the_o usurp_a title_n in_o lombardy_n and_o to_o continue_v their_o possession_n but_o that_o pope_n die_v before_o his_o promise_n can_v be_v make_v good_a pope_n and_o clement_n vi_o succeed_a he_o the_o emperor_n observe_v with_o what_o liberality_n the_o pope_n have_v dispose_v of_o the_o land_n belong_v to_o the_o empire_n that_o he_o may_v not_o be_v behind_o he_o in_o so_o generous_a a_o point_n he_o give_v all_o land_n that_o have_v be_v usurp_v from_o the_o church_n to_o such_o person_n as_o have_v usurp_v they_o to_o hold_v they_o of_o the_o empire_n as_o the_o other_o of_o the_o pope_n by_o which_o donation_n galeotto_n maletesti_n and_o his_o brother_n become_v lord_n of_o rimini_n pesaro_n and_o fano_fw-la antonio_n da_fw-it montefeltro_fw-it of_o la_fw-fr marca_n and_o urbino_n gentil_n da_fw-mi varano_n of_o camerino_n giovanni_n manfredi_n of_o faenza_n guido_n di_fw-it polenta_fw-la of_o ravenna_n sinebaldo_n or_o delaffi_n of_o furli_fw-la and_o cesena_n lodovico_n aledosi_n of_o imola_n beside_o many_o other_o in_o other_o place_n so_o that_o of_o all_o the_o land_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o church_n there_o be_v scarce_o any_o left_a without_o a_o interloper_n by_o which_o mean_n till_o the_o time_n of_o alexander_n vi_o the_o church_n be_v very_o weak_a but_o he_o recover_v its_o authority_n in_o our_o day_n with_o the_o destruction_n of_o most_o of_o their_o posterity_n at_o the_o time_n of_o this_o concession_n the_o emperor_n be_v at_o taranto_n where_o he_o give_v out_o his_o design_n be_v for_o italy_n which_o be_v the_o occasion_n of_o great_a war_n in_o lombardy_n in_o which_o the_o visconti_n make_v themselves_o lord_n of_o parma_n about_o this_o time_n robert_n king_n of_o naples_n die_v and_o leave_v two_o grand_a child_n by_o his_o son_n charles_n who_o die_v not_o long_o before_o leave_v his_o elder_a daughter_n giovanna_n heir_n to_o the_o crown_n with_o injunction_n to_o marry_v andrâ—a_n son_n to_o the_o king_n of_o hungary_n who_o be_v his_o nephew_n but_o they_o live_v not_o long_o together_o before_o andrea_n be_v poison_v by_o she_o and_o she_o marry_v again_o to_o lodovic_n prince_n of_o taranto_n her_o near_a kinsman_n but_o lewis_n king_n of_o hungary_n brother_n to_o andrea_n to_o revenge_v his_o death_n come_v into_o italy_n with_o a_o army_n and_o drive_v giovanna_n and_o her_o husband_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n about_o these_o time_n there_o happen_v a_o very_a memorable_a passage_n in_o rome_n one_o nicholas_n di_fw-it lorenzo_n chancellor_n in_o the_o capitol_n have_v force_v the_o senate_n out_o of_o rome_n under_o the_o title_n of_o tribune_n make_v himself_o head_n of_o that_o commonwealth_n reduce_v it_o into_o its_o ancient_a form_n with_o so_o much_o justice_n and_o virtue_n that_o not_o only_o the_o neighbour_a province_n but_o all_o italy_n send_v ambassador_n to_o he_o the_o ancient_a province_n see_v that_o city_n so_o strange_o revive_v begin_v to_o lift_v up_o their_o head_n and_o pay_v it_o a_o respect_n some_o out_o of_o fear_n and_o some_o out_o of_o hope_n but_o nicholas_n notwithstanding_o the_o greatness_n of_o his_o reputation_n not_o able_a to_o comport_v with_o so_o great_a a_o authority_n desert_v it_o himself_o for_o be_v overburthen_v with_o the_o weight_n of_o it_o he_o leave_v it_o in_o the_o very_a beginning_n and_o without_o any_o constraint_n steal_v private_o away_o to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n who_o by_o the_o pope_n order_n in_o affront_n to_o lewis_n of_o bavaria_n be_v make_v emperor_n and_o to_o gratify_v his_o patron_n he_o secure_v nicholas_n and_o clap_v he_o in_o prison_n not_o long_o after_o as_o it_o have_v be_v in_o imitation_n of_o nicholas_n one_o francisco_n baroncegli_n possess_v himself_o of_o the_o tribuneship_n and_o turn_v the_o senator_n out_o of_o rome_n so_o that_o the_o pope_n
house_n of_o amidei_n the_o lady_n much_o dissatisfy_v with_o her_o omission_n hope_v nevertheless_o her_o daughter_n beauty_n may_v be_v able_a to_o dissolve_v the_o contract_n see_v he_o pass_v one_o day_n alone_o towards_o her_o house_n she_o take_v her_o daughter_n along_o and_o go_v down_o to_o accost_v he_o and_o open_v the_o gate_n as_o he_o go_v by_o she_o salute_v he_o and_o tell_v he_o she_o can_v not_o but_o congratulate_v his_o marriage_n though_o indeed_o she_o have_v keep_v her_o daughter_n present_v she_o to_o he_o in_o hope_n she_o shall_v have_v be_v the_o bride_n the_o young_a gentleman_n behold_v the_o excellent_a beauty_n of_o the_o damotselle_n contemplate_v her_o extraction_n and_o that_o her_o fortune_n be_v not_o at_o all_o inferior_a to_o the_o person_n he_o have_v choose_v fall_v immediate_o into_o such_o a_o passion_n and_o desire_n to_o marry_v she_o that_o not_o consider_v the_o promise_n he_o have_v make_v the_o injustice_n he_o shall_v commit_v nor_o the_o ill_a consequence_n that_o may_v follow_v he_o reply_v see_v madam_n you_o have_v preserve_v she_o for_o i_o be_v not_o yet_o too_o late_o it_o will_v be_v ingratitude_n to_o refuse_v she_o and_o without_o more_o ado_n he_o marry_v she_o the_o notice_n of_o his_o inconstancy_n be_v no_o soon_o divulge_v but_o it_o be_v take_v in_o great_a indignity_n by_o the_o family_n of_o the_o amidei_n and_o uberti_n who_o at_o that_o time_n be_v near_o ally_v have_v consult_v among_o themselves_o and_o several_a other_o of_o their_o relation_n it_o be_v conclude_v the_o affront_n be_v insupportable_a and_o not_o to_o be_v expiate_v but_o by_o the_o death_n of_o messr_n buondelmonte_n and_o though_o some_o remonstrate_v the_o evil_n which_o may_v follow_v moscha_n lamberti_n reply_v that_o to_o consider_v every_o thing_n be_v to_o resolve_v on_o nothing_o super-adding_a a_o old_a adage_n that_o a_o thing_n once_o do_v be_v not_o capable_a of_o remedy_n upon_o which_o the_o fact_n be_v determine_v the_o perpetration_n be_v commit_v to_o the_o say_v moscha_n stiatta_n uberti_n lambertuccio_n amidei_n and_o oderigo_n fifanti_n upon_o easter-day_n in_o the_o morning_n they_o address_v themselves_o to_o the_o work_n and_o be_v private_o convey_v to_o a_o house_n belong_v to_o the_o amidei_n between_o the_o old_a bridge_n and_o st._n stephan_n messr_n buondelmonte_n pass_v the_o river_n upon_o a_o white_a horse_n as_o if_o a_o injury_n can_v as_o easy_o have_v be_v forget_v as_o a_o marriage_n have_v be_v break_v they_o set_v upon_o he_o at_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o bridge_n and_o slay_v he_o under_o a_o statue_n of_o mars_n which_o be_v place_v thereby_o this_o murder_n divide_v the_o whole_a city_n part_n of_o it_o side_v with_o the_o buondelmonti_n and_o part_n with_o the_o uberti_n and_o both_o the_o family_n be_v powerful_a in_o house_n castle_n and_o man_n the_o quarrel_n continue_v many_o year_n before_o either_o can_v be_v eject_v yet_o though_o the_o animosity_n can_v not_o be_v extinguish_v by_o a_o firm_a and_o stable_a peace_n yet_o thing_n be_v palliate_v and_o compose_v sometime_o for_o the_o present_a by_o certain_a truce_n and_o cessation_n by_o which_o mean_v according_a to_o the_o variety_n of_o accident_n they_o be_v sometime_o at_o quiet_a and_o sometime_o together_o by_o the_o ear_n in_o this_o condition_n florence_n continue_v till_o the_o reign_n of_o frederick_n 11._o who_o being_n king_n of_o naples_n and_o desirous_a to_o strengthen_v himself_o against_o the_o church_n to_o corroborate_v his_o interest_n in_o tuscany_n join_v himself_o to_o the_o uberti_n and_o their_o party_n by_o who_o assistance_n the_o buondelmonti_n be_v drive_v out_o of_o florence_n and_o that_o city_n as_o all_o italy_n have_v do_v before_o begin_v to_o divide_v into_o the_o faction_n of_o the_o guelf_n florence_n and_o the_o ghibilin_n nor_o will_v it_o be_v amiss_o to_o commemorate_v how_o each_o family_n be_v engage_v the_o family_n therefore_o which_o side_v with_o the_o guelf_n be_v the_o buondelmonti_n nerti_n rossi_n frescobaldi_n mozzi_n baldi_n pulchi_n gherardini_n foraboschi_n bagnesi_n guidalotti_n sacchetti_n manieri_n lucardesi_n chiaramonti_n compiobbesi_n cavalcanti_fw-la giandonati_n gianfiliazzi_n scali_n guallerotti_n importuni_fw-la bostichi_n tornaquinci_n vecchietti_n fosinghi_n arrigucci_n agli_n silii_fw-la adimari_n visdomini_n donati_n pazzi_n della_fw-it bella_fw-la ardinghi_n theobaldi_n cerchi_n with_o the_o ghibiline_n there_o join_v the_o uberti_n manelli_n ubriachi_n fifanti_n amidei_n infanganti_n malespini_n scolari_n guidi_n galli_n capprardi_n lamberti_n soldanieri_n cipriani_n toschi_n amieri_n palermini_fw-la migliorelli_fw-la pigli_n barucci_n cattani_fw-la agolanti_n bruneleschi_n caponsachi_n elisei_n abbati_n fedaldini_fw-la guiocchi_fw-la galigai_n to_o which_o family_n of_o the_o nobility_n many_o of_o the_o populacy_n join_v themselves_o on_o each_o side_n as_o their_o interest_n or_o affection_n carry_v they_o so_o that_o in_o a_o manner_n the_o whole_a city_n be_v engage_v either_o on_o one_o side_n or_o the_o other_o the_o guelf_n be_v drive_v out_o retire_v into_o the_o vale_n upon_o the_o river_n arnus_n mention_v before_o and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o their_o garrison_n be_v there_o they_o defend_v they_o as_o well_o as_o they_o can_v against_o the_o attack_n of_o their_o enemy_n but_o when_o frederick_n die_v those_o person_n who_o be_v neuter_n retain_v great_a interest_n and_o reputation_n with_o the_o people_n think_v it_o more_o serviceable_a to_o the_o city_n of_o florence_n to_o reconcile_v their_o difference_n and_o unite_v they_o than_o by_o foment_v they_o to_o destroy_v it_o whereupon_o endeavour_v a_o composure_n they_o prevail_v at_o length_n that_o the_o guelf_n shall_v lay_v aside_o their_o indignation_n and_o return_v and_o the_o ghibiline_n renounce_v their_o suspicion_n and_o receive_v they_o be_v unite_v in_o this_o manner_n it_o be_v 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city_n and_o 76_o in_o the_o territory_n under_o which_o all_o the_o youth_n be_v list_v militia_n and_o oblige_v to_o be_v ready_a in_o their_o arm_n under_o their_o respective_a colour_n as_o often_o and_o whenever_o the_o captain_n or_o antiani_n shall_v require_v they_o moreover_o as_o their_o ensign_n be_v distinct_a so_o be_v their_o arm_n some_o of_o they_o consist_v of_o crossbow_n some_o of_o they_o of_o halberd_n their_o ensign_n be_v change_v at_o every_o pentecost_n with_o great_a solemnity_n and_o dispose_v to_o new_a man_n and_o new_a captain_n put_v over_o their_o company_n beside_o to_o add_v majesty_n to_o their_o army_n and_o provide_v a_o refuge_n for_o such_o as_o be_v wound_v or_o disable_v in_o fight_n where_o they_o may_v refresh_v and_o recruit_v again_o to_o make_v head_n against_o the_o enemy_n they_o order_v a_o large_a chariot_n cover_v with_o red_a and_o draw_v by_o two_o white_a ox_n upon_o which_o their_o standard_n of_o white_a and_o red_a be_v to_o be_v 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chargeable_a as_o well_o as_o the_o real_a and_o that_o who_o ever_o have_v to_o the_o value_n of_o a_o hundred_o florin_n in_o good_n shall_v pay_v half_o a_o proportion_n but_o there_o be_v law_n and_o authority_n to_o levy_v this_o tax_n but_o not_o man_n enough_o to_o compel_v they_o the_o grandee_n be_v disgu_v and_o oppose_v it_o before_o it_o be_v perfect_o conclude_v only_o giovanni_n de_fw-fr medici_n promote_v it_o so_o vigorous_o that_o he_o carry_v it_o against_o they_o all_o and_o because_o in_o the_o book_n of_o assessment_n every_o man_n good_n be_v rate_v which_o the_o florentine_n call_v accatastare_v this_o imposition_n be_v call_v catasto_n catasto_n moreover_o this_o law_n restrain_v the_o tyranny_n of_o the_o noble_n not_o permit_v they_o to_o strike_v or_o terrify_v such_o as_o be_v inferior_a to_o they_o in_o the_o counsel_n as_o former_o they_o have_v presume_v this_o tax_n therefore_o though_o accept_v cheerful_o enough_o by_o the_o commons_o go_v much_o against_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o nobility_n but_o it_o be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n never_o to_o be_v satisfy_v and_o as_o soon_o as_o possess_v of_o what_o with_o great_a vehemence_n he_o desire_v to_o wish_v as_o fierce_o for_o another_o the_o people_n not_o content_a with_o the_o proportion_n set_v they_o by_o the_o law_n demand_v a_o retrospection_n and_o that_o it_o may_v be_v consider_v how_o much_o the_o nobility_n have_v pay_v less_o in_o time_n past_a than_o be_v now_o allot_v they_o by_o the_o catasto_n and_o that_o they_o may_v be_v force_v to_o pay_v it_o for_o the_o reinbursement_n of_o such_o as_o have_v sell_v their_o estate_n to_o enable_v they_o to_o pay_v their_o tax_n before_o this_o proportion_n affright_v the_o grandee_n much_o more_o than_o the_o catasto_n so_o that_o to_o defend_v themselves_o against_o both_o they_o decry_v the_o catasto_n as_o unjust_a and_o unequal_a in_o lay_v a_o duty_n upon_o good_n and_o householdstuff_n which_o be_v here_o to_o day_n and_o lose_v to_o morrow_n and_o exempt_n money_n which_o many_o people_n keep_v private_o in_o their_o hand_n so_o as_o the_o catasto_n can_v not_o discover_v it_o to_o which_o they_o add_v that_o it_o be_v not_o but_o reasonable_a those_o person_n who_o relinquish_v or_o neglect_v their_o own_o private_a affair_n for_o the_o better_a management_n of_o the_o public_a shall_v be_v favour_v in_o the_o tax_n for_o devote_v their_o whole_a labour_n to_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o state_n there_o be_v no_o justice_n nor_o equity_n in_o the_o world_n that_o the_o city_n shall_v have_v the_o profit_n of_o their_o industry_n and_o estate_n and_o from_o other_o receive_v only_o the_o contribution_n of_o their_o estate_n those_o who_o be_v for_o the_o catasto_n reply_v that_o as_o their_o good_n vary_v the_o tax_n may_v be_v vary_v too_o and_o to_o any_o inconvenience_n from_o that_o a_o remedy_n may_v be_v find_v as_o to_o the_o money_n conceal_v that_o be_v not_o to_o be_v consider_v for_o make_v no_o profit_n of_o it_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n it_o shall_v be_v pay_v for_o and_o when_o ever_o they_o employ_v it_o it_o will_v be_v sure_a to_o be_v discover_v for_o the_o pain_n they_o take_v and_o their_o solicitude_n for_o their_o country_n if_o it_o be_v troublesome_a to_o they_o they_o may_v have_v liberty_n to_o retire_v for_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o some_o well_o affect_a citizen_n will_v be_v find_v who_o will_v not_o repine_v to_o serve_v the_o city_n both_o with_o their_o counsel_n and_o estate_n and_o that_o there_o be_v so_o many_o honour_n and_o other_o perquisit_n attend_v those_o great_a office_n as_o may_v suffice_v any_o reasonable_a person_n without_o abatement_n of_o their_o tax_n but_o their_o great_a discontent_n be_v from_o another_o cause_n the_o nobility_n be_v offend_v that_o they_o can_v not_o make_v war_n at_o other_o people_n charge_n as_o they_o be_v use_v to_o do_v former_o but_o be_v oblige_v to_o bear_v their_o share_n as_o well_o as_o their_o neighbour_n have_v this_o way_n be_v find_v out_o before_o there_o will_v have_v be_v no_o war_n with_o king_n ladisâ—ao_n then_o nor_o with_o duke_n philip_n now_o both_o which_o war_n be_v undertake_v to_o fill_v the_o coffer_n of_o some_o particular_a citizen_n more_o than_o for_o any_o general_a necessity_n but_o this_o commotion_n of_o humour_n be_v appease_v by_o giovanni_n de_fw-fr medici_n who_o convince_v the_o people_n it_o be_v not_o convenient_a to_o look_v backward_o that_o their_o business_n now_o be_v to_o provide_v careful_o for_o the_o future_a and_o if_o the_o former_a imposition_n have_v be_v unequal_a and_o injust_a they_o be_v to_o thank_v god_n a_o way_n be_v find_v to_o relieve_v they_o and_o not_o make_v that_o a_o mean_n to_o divide_v which_o be_v intend_v to_o unite_v the_o city_n as_o it_o will_v certain_o do_v if_o the_o old_a assessment_n and_o the_o new_a be_v adjust_v for_o it_o be_v better_a to_o be_v content_v with_o half_a a_o victory_n than_o to_o venture_v all_o for_o a_o absolute_a many_o instance_n make_v it_o out_o that_o where_o more_o have_v be_v strive_v for_o all_o have_v be_v lose_v with_o these_o and_o such_o like_a discourse_n he_o pacify_v the_o people_n and_o the_o design_n of_o retrospection_n be_v quiâ—e_o lay_v aside_o however_o the_o war_n with_o the_o duke_n be_v carry_v on_o for_o a_o while_n a_o peace_n at_o length_n be_v conclude_v at_o ferrara_n by_o the_o mediation_n of_o a_o legate_n from_o the_o pope_n but_o the_o duke_n not_o observe_v the_o condition_n at_o first_o the_o league_n take_v arm_n again_o and_o come_v to_o a_o engagement_n with_o his_o army_n at_o maclovio_n they_o defeat_v he_o quite_o and_o force_v the_o duke_n to_o new_a proposition_n duke_n which_o be_v accept_v by_o the_o league_n by_o the_o florentine_n because_o they_o be_v grow_v jealous_a of_o the_o venetian_a and_o sensible_a that_o the_o vast_a charge_n which_o their_o city_n be_v at_o be_v to_o make_v 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to_o purpose_n and_o recommend_v what_o be_v to_o be_v debate_v and_o resolve_v upon_o by_o the_o magistrate_n in_o the_o council_n in_o the_o same_o city_n there_o be_v many_o noble_a family_n so_o mighty_a and_o potent_a they_o be_v not_o without_o difficulty_n to_o be_v bring_v to_o any_o obedience_n to_o the_o magistrate_n of_o all_o those_o family_n the_o tregosi_n and_o adorni_n be_v most_o powerful_a and_o wealthy_a and_o from_o they_o spring_v all_o the_o division_n of_o the_o city_n and_o all_o the_o contempt_n of_o the_o law_n for_o differ_v perpetual_o among_o themselves_o and_o pretend_v both_o to_o the_o dogeship_n they_o be_v not_o content_v to_o have_v it_o fair_o decide_v but_o come_v many_o time_n to_o blow_n by_o which_o as_o one_o be_v set_v up_o the_o other_o be_v always_o depress_v and_o sometime_o it_o fall_v out_o that_o that_o party_n which_o be_v overpower_a and_o unable_a to_o carry_v that_o office_n otherwise_o call_v in_o foreign_a assistance_n and_o prostitute_n that_o government_n which_o they_o can_v enjoy_v themselves_o to_o the_o dominion_n of_o a_o stranger_n by_o this_o mean_v it_o come_v often_o to_o pass_v that_o they_o who_o have_v the_o government_n in_o lombardy_n have_v the_o command_n of_o genoa_n likewise_o as_o it_o happen_v at_o the_o time_n when_o alphonso_n be_v take_v prisoner_n among_o the_o principal_a citizen_n of_o genoa_n who_o cause_v that_o city_n to_o be_v deliver_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o duke_n spinola_n francisco_n spinola_n be_v one_o who_o not_o long_o after_o he_o have_v be_v very_o active_a to_o enslave_v his_o country_n become_v suspect_v to_o the_o duke_n as_o it_o often_o happen_v in_o those_o case_n francisco_n be_v high_o dissatisfy_v leave_v the_o town_n and_o by_o a_o kind_n of_o voluntary_a exile_n have_v his_o residence_n at_o caietta_n be_v there_o at_o that_o time_n when_o the_o engagement_n be_v with_o alphonso_n and_o have_v behave_v himself_o very_o well_o in_o it_o he_o presume_v he_o have_v again_o merit_v so_o much_o favour_n from_o the_o duke_n as_o to_o be_v permit_v to_o live_v quiet_o in_o genoa_n but_o find_v the_o duke_n jealousy_n to_o continue_v as_o not_o believe_v he_o that_o have_v betray_v his_o country_n can_v ever_o be_v true_a to_o he_o he_o resolve_v to_o try_v a_o new_a experiment_n to_o restore_v his_o country_n to_o its_o liberty_n and_o himself_o to_o his_o honour_n and_o security_n at_o once_o believe_v no_o remedy_n can_v be_v administer_v so_o proper_o to_o his_o fellow_n citzen_n as_o by_o the_o same_o hand_n which_o give_v they_o their_o wound_n observe_v therefore_o the_o general_a indignation_n against_o the_o duke_n for_o have_v deliver_v the_o king_n he_o conclude_v it_o a_o convenient_a time_n to_o put_v his_o design_n in_o execution_n and_o according_o he_o communicate_v his_o resolution_n with_o certain_a person_n which_o he_o have_v some_o confidence_n be_v of_o the_o same_o opinion_n and_o encourage_v they_o to_o follow_v he_o it_o happen_v to_o be_v s._n john_n baptist_n day_n which_o be_v a_o great_a festival_n in_o that_o city_n when_o arismino_n a_o new_a governor_n send_v they_o from_o the_o duke_n make_v his_o entry_n into_o genoa_n be_v enter_v into_o the_o town_n in_o the_o company_n of_o opicino_n his_o predecessor_n in_o the_o government_n and_o other_o considerable_a citizen_n francisco_n spinola_n think_v it_o no_o time_n to_o protract_v but_o run_v forth_o arm_v into_o the_o street_n with_o such_o as_o be_v before_o privy_a to_o his_o design_n he_o draw_v they_o up_o in_o the_o piazza_n before_o his_o house_n and_o cry_v out_o liberty_n liberty_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v imagine_v with_o what_o alacrity_n the_o people_n and_o citizen_n run_v to_o he_o at_o that_o very_a name_n insomuch_o that_o if_o any_o out_o of_o interest_n or_o other_o consideration_n retain_v a_o affection_n for_o the_o duke_n they_o be_v so_o far_o from_o have_v time_n to_o arm_n and_o make_v defence_n 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the_o faith_n of_o a_o prince_n how_o far_o it_o oblige_v so_o then_o king_n lewis_n lose_v lombardy_n because_o he_o do_v not_o observe_v one_o of_o those_o rule_n which_o other_o have_v follow_v with_o success_n in_o the_o conquest_n of_o province_n and_o in_o their_o desire_n to_o keep_v they_o nor_o be_v it_o a_o extraordinary_a thing_n but_o what_o happen_v every_o day_n and_o not_o without_o reason_n to_o this_o purpose_n i_o remember_v i_o be_v once_o in_o discourse_n with_o the_o cardinal_n d'_fw-fr amboise_n at_o nantes_n at_o the_o time_n when_o valentino_n for_o so_o caesar_n borgia_n pope_n alezander_n son_n be_v common_o call_v possess_v himself_o of_o romagna_fw-la in_o the_o heat_n of_o our_o conference_n the_o cardinal_n tell_v i_o that_o the_o italian_n be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o art_n of_o war_n i_o reply_v that_o the_o french_a have_v as_o little_a skill_n in_o matter_n of_o state_n for_o if_o they_o have_v have_v the_o least_o policy_n in_o the_o world_n they_o will_v never_o have_v suffer_v the_o church_n to_o have_v come_v to_o that_o height_n and_o elevation_n and_o it_o have_v be_v find_v since_o by_o experience_n that_o the_o grandeur_n of_o the_o church_n and_o the_o spaniard_n in_o italy_n be_v derive_v from_o france_n and_o that_o they_o in_o requital_n have_v be_v the_o ruin_n and_o expulsion_n of_o the_o french_a from_o hence_o a_o general_a rule_n may_v be_v deduce_v and_o such_o a_o one_o as_o seldom_o or_o never_o be_v subject_a to_o exception_n viz._n that_o whoever_o be_v the_o occasion_n of_o another_o advancement_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o his_o own_o diminution_n because_o that_o advancement_n be_v found_v either_o upon_o the_o conduct_n or_o power_n of_o the_o donor_n either_o of_o which_o become_v suspicious_a at_o length_n to_o the_o person_n prefer_v chap._n iu._n why_o the_o kingdom_n of_o darius_n usurp_v by_o alexander_n do_v not_o rebel_v against_o his_o successor_n after_o alexander_n be_v dead_a the_o difficulty_n encounter_v in_o the_o keep_n of_o a_o new_a conquest_n be_v consider_v it_o may_v well_o be_v admire_v how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o alexander_n the_o great_a have_v in_o a_o few_o year_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o asia_n and_o die_v as_o soon_o as_o he_o have_v do_v that_o state_n can_v be_v keep_v from_o rebellion_n yet_o his_o successor_n enjoy_v it_o a_o long_a time_n peaceable_o without_o any_o trouble_n or_o concussion_n but_o what_o spring_v from_o their_o own_o avarice_n and_o ambition_n i_o answer_v that_o all_o monarchy_n of_o which_o we_o have_v any_o record_n be_v govern_v after_o two_o several_a manner_n either_o by_o a_o prince_n and_o his_o servant_n who_o he_o vouchsafe_v out_o of_o his_o mere_a grace_n to_o constitute_v his_o minister_n and_o admit_v of_o their_o assistance_n in_o the_o government_n of_o his_o kingdom_n or_o else_o by_o a_o prince_n and_o his_o baron_n who_o be_v person_n advance_v to_o that_o quality_n not_o by_o favour_n or_o concession_n of_o the_o prince_n but_o by_o the_o ancientness_n and_o nobility_n of_o their_o extraction_n these_o baron_n have_v their_o proper_a jurisdiction_n and_o subject_n who_o own_o their_o authority_n and_o pay_v they_o a_o natural_a respect_n those_o state_n which_o be_v govern_v by_o the_o prince_n and_o his_o servant_n have_v their_o prince_n more_o arbitrary_a and_o absolute_a because_o his_o supremacy_n be_v acknowledge_v by_o every_o body_n and_o if_o another_o be_v obey_v it_o be_v only_o as_o his_o minister_n and_o substitute_n without_o any_o affection_n to_o the_o man._n example_n of_o these_o different_a government_n we_o may_v find_v in_o our_o time_n in_o the_o person_n of_o the_o grand_a signore_v and_o the_o king_n of_o france_n the_o whole_a turkish_a monarchy_n be_v govern_v by_o a_o single_a person_n the_o rest_n be_v but_o his_o servant_n and_o slave_n for_o distinguish_v his_o whole_a monarchy_n into_o province_n and_o government_n which_o they_o call_v sangiacchi_n he_o send_v when_o and_o what_o officer_n he_o think_v fit_a and_o change_v they_o as_o he_o please_v but_o the_o king_n of_o france_n be_v establish_v in_o the_o middle_n as_o it_o be_v of_o several_a great_a lord_n who_o sovereignty_n have_v be_v own_v and_o family_n belove_v a_o long_a time_n by_o their_o subject_n they_o keep_v their_o pre-eminence_n nor_o be_v it_o in_o the_o king_n power_n to_o deprive_v they_o without_o inevitable_a danger_n to_o himself_o he_o therefore_o who_o consider_v the_o one_o with_o the_o other_o will_v find_v the_o turkish_a empire_n hard_a to_o be_v subdue_v but_o when_o once_o conquer_v more_o easy_a to_o be_v keep_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o difficulty_n be_v because_o the_o usurper_n can_v be_v call_v in_o by_o the_o grandee_n of_o the_o empire_n nor_o hope_v any_o assistance_n from_o the_o great_a officer_n to_o facilitate_v his_o enterprise_n which_o proceed_v from_o the_o reason_n abovesaid_a for_o be_v all_o slave_n and_o under_o obligation_n they_o be_v not_o easy_o corrupt_v and_o if_o they_o can_v little_a good_a be_v to_o be_v expect_v from_o they_o be_v unable_a for_o the_o aforesaid_a reason_n to_o bring_v they_o any_o party_n so_o that_o whoever_o invade_v the_o turk_n must_v expect_v to_o â—ind_v he_o entire_a and_o unite_a and_o be_v to_o depend_v more_o upon_o his_o own_o proper_a force_n than_o any_o disorder_n among_o they_o but_o have_v once_o conquer_v they_o and_o beat_v their_o army_n beyond_o the_o possibility_n of_o a_o recruit_v the_o danger_n be_v at_o a_o end_n for_o there_o be_v no_o body_n remain_v to_o be_v afraid_a of_o but_o the_o family_n of_o the_o emperor_n which_o be_v once_o extinguish_v no_o body_n else_o have_v any_o interest_n with_o the_o people_n and_o they_o be_v as_o little_a to_o be_v apprehend_v after_o the_o victory_n as_o they_o be_v to_o be_v
which_o he_o have_v disoblige_v be_v among_o other_o the_o cardinals_z of_o st._n peter_n ad_fw-la vincula_fw-la collonno_n st._n george_n and_o ascanius_n the_o rest_n if_o any_o of_o they_o be_v advance_v to_o the_o papacy_n may_v well_o be_v afraid_a of_o he_o except_o the_o spanish_a cardinal_n and_o the_o cardinal_n of_o rouen_n the_o spaniard_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o obligation_n and_o alliance_n and_o the_o other_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o interest_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n wherefore_o above_o all_o thing_n the_o duke_n shall_v have_v make_v a_o spanish_a cardinal_n pope_n and_o if_o that_o can_v not_o have_v be_v do_v he_o shall_v rather_o have_v consent_v to_o the_o election_n of_o rouen_n than_o st._n peter_n ad_fw-la vincula_fw-la for_o it_o be_v weakness_n to_o believe_v that_o among_o great_a person_n new_a obligation_n can_v obliterate_v old_a injury_n and_o disgust_n so_o that_o in_o the_o election_n of_o this_o julius_n xi_o duke_z valentine_z commit_v and_o error_n that_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o his_o utter_a destruction_n chap._n viii_o of_o such_o as_o have_v arrive_v at_o their_o dominion_n by_o wicked_a and_o injustifiable_a mean_n now_o because_o there_o be_v two_o way_n from_o a_o private_a person_n to_o become_v a_o prince_n which_o way_n be_v not_o altogether_o to_o be_v attribute_v either_o to_o fortune_n or_o management_n i_o think_v it_o not_o convenient_a to_o pretermit_v they_o though_o of_o one_o of_o they_o i_o may_v speak_v more_o large_o where_o occasion_n be_v offer_v to_o treat_v more_o particular_o of_o republic_n one_o of_o the_o way_n be_v when_o one_o be_v advance_v to_o the_o sovereignty_n by_o any_o illegal_a nefarious_a mean_n the_o other_o when_o a_o citizen_n by_o the_o favour_n and_o partiality_n of_o his_o fellow-citizen_n be_v make_v prince_n of_o his_o country_n i_o shall_v speak_v of_o the_o first_o in_o this_o chapter_n and_o justify_v what_o i_o say_v by_o two_o example_n one_o ancient_n the_o other_o modern_a without_o enter_v far_o into_o the_o merit_n of_o the_o cause_n as_o judge_v they_o sufficient_a for_o any_o man_n who_o be_v necessitate_v to_o follow_v they_o agathocles_n the_o sicilian_a not_o only_o from_o a_o private_a but_o from_o a_o vile_a and_o abject_a condition_n be_v make_v king_n of_o syracuse_n and_o be_v but_o the_o son_n of_o a_o potter_n he_o continue_v the_o dissoluteness_n of_o his_o life_n through_o all_o the_o degree_n of_o his_o fortune_n nevertheless_o his_o vice_n be_v accompany_v with_o such_o courage_n and_o activity_n that_o he_o apply_v himself_o to_o the_o war_n by_o which_o and_o his_o great_a industry_n he_o come_v at_o length_n to_o the_o praetor_n of_o syracuse_n be_v settle_v in_o that_o dignity_n and_o have_v conclude_v to_o make_v himself_o prince_n and_o hold_v that_o by_o violence_n without_o obligation_n to_o any_o body_n which_o be_v confer_v upon_o he_o by_o consent_n he_o settle_v a_o intelligence_n with_o amilcar_n the_o carthaginian_a who_o be_v then_o at_o the_o head_n of_o a_o army_n in_o sicily_n and_o call_v the_o people_n and_o senate_n of_o syracuse_n together_o one_o morning_n as_o if_o he_o have_v be_v to_o consult_v they_o in_o some_o matter_n of_o importance_n to_o the_o state_n upon_o a_o signal_n appoint_v he_o cause_v his_o soldier_n to_o kill_v all_o the_o senator_n and_o the_o most_o wealthy_a of_o the_o people_n after_o who_o death_n he_o usurp_v and_o possess_v the_o dominion_n of_o that_o city_n without_o any_o obstruction_n and_o though_o afterward_o he_o lose_v two_o great_a battle_n to_o the_o carthaginian_n and_o at_o length_n be_v besiege_v yet_o he_o be_v not_o only_o able_a to_o defend_v that_o city_n but_o leave_v part_n of_o his_o force_n for_o the_o security_n of_o that_o with_o the_o rest_n he_o transport_v into_o africa_n and_o order_v thing_n so_o that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n he_o relieve_v syracuse_n and_o reduce_v the_o carthaginian_n into_o such_o extreme_a necessity_n that_o they_o be_v glad_a to_o make_v peace_n with_o he_o and_o content_v themselves_o with_o africa_n leave_v sicily_n to_o agathocles_n he_o then_o who_o examine_v the_o exploit_n and_o conduct_v of_o agathocles_n will_n find_v little_a or_o nothing_o that_o may_v be_v attribute_v to_o fortune_n see_v he_o rise_v not_o as_o be_v say_v before_o by_o the_o favour_n of_o any_o man_n but_o by_o the_o step_n and_o gradation_n of_o war_n with_o a_o thousand_o difficulty_n and_o danger_n have_v get_v that_o government_n which_o he_o maintain_v afterward_o with_o as_o many_o noble_a achievement_n nevertheless_o it_o can_v be_v call_v virtue_n in_o he_o to_o kill_v his_o fellow-citizen_n betray_v his_o friend_n to_o be_v without_o faith_n without_o pity_n or_o religion_n these_o be_v way_n may_v get_v a_o man_n empire_n but_o no_o glory_n nor_o reputation_n yet_o if_o the_o wisdom_n of_o agathocles_n be_v consider_v his_o dexterity_n in_o encounter_v and_o overcome_v of_o danger_n his_o courage_n in_o support_v and_o surmount_v his_o misfortune_n i_o do_v not_o see_v why_o he_o shall_v be_v hold_v inferior_a to_o the_o best_a captain_n of_o his_o time_n but_o his_o unbounded_a cruelty_n and_o barbarous_a inhumanity_n add_v to_o a_o million_o of_o other_o vice_n will_v not_o permit_v that_o he_o be_v number_v among_o the_o most_o fxcellent_a men._n so_o then_o that_o which_o he_o perform_v can_v just_o be_v attribute_v to_o either_o fortune_n or_o virtue_n for_o he_o do_v all_o himself_o without_o either_o the_o one_o or_o the_o other_o in_o our_o day_n under_o the_o papacy_n of_o alexander_n vi_o oliverotto_n da_fw-mi fermo_n be_v leave_v young_a many_o year_n since_o by_o his_o parent_n be_v bring_v up_o by_o his_o uncle_n by_o the_o mother_n side_n call_v john_n togliani_fw-la and_o in_o his_o youth_n list_v a_o soldier_n under_o paulo_n vitelli_n that_o have_v improve_v himself_o by_o his_o discipline_n he_o may_v be_v capable_a of_o some_o eminent_a command_n paulo_n be_v dead_a he_o serve_v under_o vitellezzo_n his_o brother_n and_o in_o short_a time_n by_o the_o acuteness_n of_o his_o part_n and_o the_o briskness_n of_o his_o courage_n become_v one_o of_o the_o best_a officer_n in_o his_o army_n but_o think_v it_o beneath_o he_o to_o continue_v in_o any_o man_n service_n he_o conspire_v with_o some_o of_o his_o fellow-citizen_n of_o fermo_n to_o who_o the_o servitude_n of_o their_o country_n be_v more_o agreeable_a than_o its_o liberty_n by_o the_o help_n of_o vitellesco_n to_o seize_v upon_o fermo_n in_o order_n to_o which_o he_o write_v a_o letter_n to_o his_o uncle_n john_n fogliano_fw-it import_v that_o have_v be_v absent_a many_o year_n he_o have_v thought_n of_o visit_v he_o and_o fermo_n and_o take_v some_o little_a diversion_n in_o the_o place_n where_o he_o be_v bear_v and_o because_o the_o design_n of_o his_o service_n have_v be_v only_o the_o gain_n of_o honour_n that_o his_o fellow-citizen_n may_v see_v his_o time_n have_v not_o be_v ill_o spend_v he_o desire_v admission_n for_o a_o hundred_o horse_n of_o his_o friend_n and_o his_o equipage_n and_o beg_v of_o he_o that_o he_o will_v take_v care_n they_o may_v be_v honourable_o receive_v which_o will_v redound_v not_o only_o to_o his_o honour_n but_o his_o uncle_n who_o have_v have_v the_o bring_v he_o up_o john_n be_v not_o want_v in_o any_o office_n to_o his_o nephew_n and_o have_v cause_v he_o to_o be_v noble_o receive_v he_o lodge_v he_o in_o his_o own_o house_n where_o he_o continue_v some_o day_n prepare_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n what_o be_v necessary_a to_o the_o execution_n of_o his_o wicked_a design_n he_o make_v a_o great_a entertainment_n to_o which_o he_o invite_v john_n fogliani_n and_o all_o the_o chief_a citizen_n in_o the_o town_n about_o the_o end_n of_o the_o treatment_n when_o they_o be_v entertain_v one_o another_o as_o be_v usual_a at_o such_o time_n oliverotto_n very_o subtle_o promote_v certain_a grave_a discourse_n about_o the_o greatness_n of_o pope_n alexander_n and_o cesar_n his_o son_n and_o of_o their_o design_n john_n and_o the_o rest_n reply_v free_o to_o what_o be_v say_v oliverotto_n smile_v and_o tell_v they_o those_o be_v point_n to_o be_v argue_v more_o private_o and_o thereupon_o remove_v into_o a_o chamber_n his_o uncle_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o fellow-citizen_n follow_v they_o be_v scarce_o sit_v down_o before_z soldiers_z which_o be_v conceal_v about_o the_o room_n come_v forth_o and_o kill_v all_o of_o they_o and_o the_o uncle_n among_o the_o rest_n after_o the_o murder_n be_v commit_v oliverotto_n mount_v on_o horseback_n ride_v about_o and_o rummage_v the_o whole_a town_n have_v besiege_v the_o chief_a magistrate_n in_o his_o palace_n so_o that_o for_o fear_n all_o people_n submit_v and_o he_o establish_v a_o government_n of_o which_o he_o make_v himself_o head_n having_n put_v such_o to_o death_n
four_o day_n time_n begin_v to_o be_v cool_a and_o consider_v thing_n sober_o they_o will_v find_v there_o be_v no_o remedy_n and_o join_v more_o cordial_o with_o the_o prince_n look_v upon_o he_o as_o under_o a_o obligation_n to_o they_o for_o have_v sacrifice_v their_o house_n and_o estate_n in_o his_o defence_n and_o the_o nature_n of_o man_n be_v such_o to_o take_v as_o much_o pleasure_n in_o have_v oblige_v another_o as_o in_o be_v oblige_v himself_o wherefore_o all_o thing_n fair_o consider_v it_o be_v no_o such_o hard_a matter_n for_o a_o prince_n not_o only_o to_o gain_v but_o to_o retain_v the_o affection_n of_o his_o subject_n and_o make_v they_o patient_a of_o a_o long_a siege_n if_o he_o be_v wise_a and_o provident_a and_o take_v care_n they_o want_v nothing_o either_o for_o their_o livelihood_n or_o defence_n chap._n xi_o of_o ecclesiastical_a principality_n there_o remain_v nothing_o of_o this_o nature_n to_o be_v discourse_v but_o of_o ecclesiastical_a principality_n about_o which_o the_o great_a difficulty_n be_v to_o get_v into_o possession_n because_o they_o be_v gain_v either_o by_o fortune_n or_o virtue_n but_o keep_v without_o either_o be_v support_v by_o ancient_a statute_n universal_o receive_v in_o the_o christian_a church_n which_o be_v of_o such_o power_n and_o authority_n they_o do_v keep_v their_o prince_n in_o his_o dignity_n let_v his_o conversation_n or_o conduct_n be_v what_o it_o will_n these_o be_v the_o only_a person_n who_o have_v land_n &_o do_v not_o defend_v they_o subject_n &_o do_v not_o govern_v they_o and_o yet_o their_o land_n be_v not_o take_v from_o they_o though_o they_o never_o defend_v they_o nor_o their_o subject_n dissatisfy_v though_o they_o never_o regard_v they_o so_o that_o these_o principality_n be_v the_o happy_a and_o most_o secure_a in_o the_o world_n but_o be_v manage_v by_o a_o supernatural_a power_n above_o the_o wisdom_n and_o contrivance_n of_o man_n i_o shall_v speak_v no_o more_o of_o they_o for_o be_v set_v up_o and_o continue_v by_o god_n himself_o it_o will_v be_v great_a presumption_n in_o any_o man_n who_o shall_v undertake_v to_o dispute_v they_o nevertheless_o if_o it_o shall_v be_v question_v how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o in_o temporal_a thing_n the_o church_n be_v arrive_v at_o that_o height_n see_v that_o before_o alexander_n time_n the_o italian_a ptince_n not_o only_o such_o as_o be_v sovereign_n but_o every_o baron_n and_o lord_n how_o inconsiderable_a soever_o in_o temporal_a affair_n esteem_v of_o they_o but_o little_a yet_o since_o it_o have_v be_v able_a not_o only_o to_o startle_v and_o confront_v the_o king_n of_o france_n but_o to_o drive_v he_o out_o of_o italy_n and_o to_o ruin_v the_o venetian_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o though_o already_o well_o know_v i_o think_v it_o not_o superfluous_a to_o revive_v in_o some_o measure_n before_o charles_n king_n of_o france_n pass_v himself_o into_o italy_n that_o province_n be_v under_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o pope_n the_o venetian_n the_o king_n of_o naples_n duke_n of_o milan_n and_o the_o florentine_n it_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o these_o potentate_n to_o have_v a_o care_n some_o of_o they_o that_o no_o foreign_a prince_n shall_v come_v with_o a_o army_n into_o italy_n and_o some_o that_o none_o among_o themselves_o shall_v usurp_v upon_o the_o other_o those_o of_o who_o the_o rest_n be_v concern_v to_o be_v most_o jealous_a be_v the_o pope_n and_o the_o venetian_a to_o restrain_v the_o venetian_n all_o the_o rest_n be_v use_v to_o confederate_a as_o in_o the_o defence_n of_o ferrara_n to_o keep_v under_o the_o pope_n the_o roman_a baron_n contribute_v much_o who_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o faction_n the_o ursini_n and_o colonnessi_fw-it in_fw-la perpetual_a contention_n with_o their_o arm_n constant_o in_o their_o hand_n under_o the_o very_a nose_n of_o the_o pope_n they_o keep_v the_o pontifical_a power_n very_o low_a and_o infirm_a and_o although_o now_o and_o then_o there_o 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perceive_v he_o afterward_o grow_v cool_a and_o remiss_a in_o their_o service_n they_o conclude_v no_o more_o great_a thing_n be_v to_o be_v expect_v from_o he_o and_o be_v neither_o willing_a nor_o indeed_o able_a to_o take_v away_o his_o commission_n for_o fear_v of_o lose_v what_o they_o have_v get_v they_o be_v constrain_v for_o their_o own_o security_n to_o put_v he_o to_o death_n their_o general_n after_o he_o be_v bartolomeo_n da_fw-mi bergamo_n roberto_n da_fw-mi san._n severino_n and_o the_o conte_n de_fw-fr pitigliano_fw-it and_o such_o as_o they_o under_o who_o conduct_n the_o venetian_n be_v more_o like_a to_o lose_v than_o to_o gain_v as_o it_o happen_v not_o long_o after_o at_o vaila_n where_o in_o one_o battle_n they_o lose_v as_o much_o as_o they_o have_v be_v gain_v eight_o hundred_o year_n with_o incredible_a labour_n and_o difficulty_n which_o be_v not_o strange_a if_o it_o be_v consider_v that_o by_o those_o kind_n of_o force_n
the_o head_n of_o his_o army_n and_o have_v a_o multitude_n of_o soldier_n to_o govern_v than_o it_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a not_o to_o value_v the_o epithet_n of_o cruel_a for_o without_o that_o no_o army_n can_v be_v keep_v in_o unity_n nor_o in_o disposition_n for_o any_o great_a act_n among_o the_o several_a instance_n of_o hannibal_n great_a conduct_n it_o be_v one_o that_o have_v a_o vast_a army_n constitute_v out_o of_o several_a nation_n and_o conduct_v to_o make_v war_n in_o a_o enemy_n country_n there_o never_o happen_v any_o sedition_n among_o they_o or_o any_o mutiny_n against_o their_o general_n either_o in_o his_o adversity_n or_o prosperity_n which_o can_v proceed_v from_o nothing_o so_o probable_o as_o his_o great_a cruelty_n which_o add_v to_o his_o infinite_a virtue_n render_v he_o both_o awful_a and_o terrible_a to_o his_o soldier_n and_o without_o that_o all_o his_o virtue_n will_v have_v signify_v nothing_o some_o writer_n there_o be_v but_o of_o little_a consideration_n who_o admire_v his_o great_a exploit_n and_o condemn_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o they_o but_o to_o prove_v that_o his_o other_o virtue_n will_v never_o have_v carry_v he_o through_o let_v we_o reflect_v upon_o scipio_n a_o person_n honourable_a not_o only_o in_o his_o own_o time_n but_o in_o all_o history_n whatever_o nevertheless_o his_o army_n mutine_v in_o spain_n and_o the_o true_a cause_n of_o it_o be_v his_o too_o much_o gentleness_n and_o lenity_n which_o give_v his_o soldier_n more_o liberty_n than_o be_v suitable_a or_o consistant_fw-la with_o military_a discipline_n fabius_n maximus_n upbraid_v he_o by_o it_o in_o the_o senate_n and_o call_v he_o corrupter_n of_o the_o roman_a militia_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o locrus_n have_v be_v plunder_v and_o destroy_v by_o one_o of_o scipio_n lieutenant_n they_o be_v never_o redress_v nor_o the_o legat_n insolence_n correct_v all_o proceed_n from_o the_o mildness_n of_o scipio_n nature_n which_o be_v so_o eminent_a in_o he_o that_o a_o person_n undertake_v to_o excuse_v he_o in_o the_o senate_n declare_v that_o there_o be_v many_o who_o know_v better_o how_o to_o avoid_v do_v ill_a themselves_o than_o to_o punish_v it_o in_o other_o people_n which_o temper_n will_v doubtless_o in_o time_n have_v eclipse_v the_o glory_n and_o reputation_n of_o scipio_n have_v that_o authority_n be_v continue_v in_o he_o but_o receive_v order_n and_o live_v under_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o senate_n that_o ill_a quality_n be_v not_o only_o not_o discover_v in_o he_o but_o turn_v to_o his_o renown_n i_o conclude_v therefore_o according_a to_o what_o i_o have_v say_v about_o be_v fear_v or_o belove_v that_o forasmuch_o as_o man_n do_v love_n at_o their_o own_o discretion_n but_o fear_v at_o their_o prince_n a_o wise_a prince_n be_v oblige_v to_o lay_v his_o foundation_n upon_o that_o which_o be_v in_o his_o own_o power_n not_o what_o which_o depend_v on_o other_o people_n but_o as_o i_o say_v before_o with_o great_a caution_n that_o he_o do_v not_o make_v himself_o odious_a chap._n xviii_o how_o far_o a_o prince_n be_v oblige_v by_o his_o promise_n how_o honourable_a it_o be_v for_o a_o prince_n to_o keep_v his_o word_n and_o act_n rather_o with_o integrity_n than_o collusion_n i_o suppose_v every_o body_n understand_v nevertheless_o experience_n have_v show_v in_o out_o time_n that_o those_o prince_n who_o have_v not_o pin_v themselves_o up_o to_o that_o punctuality_n and_o preciseness_n have_v do_v great_a thing_n and_o by_o their_o cunning_a and_o subtlety_n not_o only_o circumvent_v and_o dart_v the_o brain_n of_o those_o with_o who_o they_o have_v to_o deal_v but_o have_v overcome_v and_o be_v too_o hard_o for_o those_o who_o have_v be_v so_o superstitious_o exact_a for_o further_a explanation_n you_o must_v understand_v there_o be_v two_o way_n of_o contend_v by_o law_n and_o by_o force_n the_o first_o be_v proper_a to_o man_n the_o second_o to_o beast_n but_o because_o many_o time_n the_o first_o be_v insufficient_a recourse_n must_v be_v have_v to_o the_o second_o it_o belong_v therefore_o to_o a_o prince_n to_o understand_v both_o when_o to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o rational_a and_o when_o of_o the_o brutal_a way_n and_o this_o be_v recommend_v to_o prince_n though_o abstruse_o by_o ancient_a writer_n who_o tell_v they_o how_o achilles_n and_o several_a other_o prince_n be_v commit_v to_o the_o education_n of_o chiron_n the_o centaur_n who_o be_v to_o keep_v they_o under_o his_o discipline_n choose_v they_o a_o master_n half_a man_n and_o half_a beast_n for_o no_o other_o reason_n but_o to_o show_v how_o necessary_a it_o be_v for_o a_o prince_n to_o be_v acquaint_v with_o both_o for_o that_o one_o without_o the_o other_o will_v be_v of_o little_a duration_n see_v therefore_o it_o be_v of_o such_o importance_n to_o a_o prince_n to_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o nature_n and_o disposition_n of_o a_o beast_n of_o all_o the_o whole_a flock_n he_o ought_v to_o imitate_v the_o lion_n and_o the_o fox_n for_o the_o lion_n be_v in_o danger_n of_o toil_n and_o snare_n and_o the_o fox_n of_o the_o wolf_n so_o that_o he_o must_v be_v a_o fox_n to_o find_v out_o the_o snare_n and_o a_o lion_n to_o fright_v away_o the_o wolf_n but_o they_o who_o keep_v whole_o to_o the_o lion_n have_v no_o true_a notion_n of_o themselves_o a_o prince_n therefore_o that_o be_v wise_a and_o prudent_a can_v nor_o ought_v not_o to_o keep_v his_o pâ—â—ole_n when_o the_o keep_n of_o it_o be_v to_o his_o prejudice_n and_o the_o cause_n for_o which_o he_o promise_v remove_v be_v man_n all_o good_a this_o doctrine_n be_v not_o to_o be_v teach_v but_o because_o they_o be_v wicked_a and_o not_o likely_a to_o be_v punctual_a with_o you_o you_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o any_o such_o strictness_n with_o they_o nor_o be_v their_o ever_o any_o prince_n that_o want_v lawful_a pretence_n to_o justify_v his_o breach_n of_o promise_n i_o may_v instance_n in_o many_o modern_a example_n and_o show_v how_o many_o confederation_n and_o peace_n and_o promise_n have_v be_v break_v by_o the_o infidelity_n of_o prince_n and_o how_o he_o that_o best_o personate_v the_o fox_n have_v the_o better_a success_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v of_o great_a consequence_n to_o disguise_v your_o inclination_n and_o to_o play_v the_o hypocrite_n well_o and_o man_n be_v so_o simple_a in_o their_o temper_n and_o so_o submissive_a to_o their_o present_a necessity_n that_o he_o that_o be_v neat_a and_o cleanly_a in_o his_o collusion_n shall_v never_o want_v people_n to_o practice_v they_o upon_o i_o can_v forbear_v one_o example_n which_o be_v still_o fresh_a in_o our_o memory_n alexander_n vi._n never_o do_v nor_o think_v of_o any_o thing_n but_o cheat_v and_o never_o want_v matter_n to_o work_v upon_o &_o though_o no_o man_n promise_v a_o thing_n with_o great_a asseveration_n nor_o confirm_v it_o with_o more_o oath_n and_o imprecation_n and_o observe_v they_o less_o yet_o understand_v the_o world_n well_o he_o never_o miscarry_v a_o prince_n therefore_o be_v not_o oblige_v to_o have_v all_o the_o forementioned_a good_a quality_n in_o reality_n but_o it_o be_v necessary_a he_o have_v they_o in_o appearance_n nay_o i_o will_v be_v bold_a to_o affirm_v that_o have_v they_o actual_o and_o employ_v they_o upon_o all_o occasion_n they_o be_v extreme_o prejudicial_a whereas_o have_v then_o only_o in_o appearance_n they_o turn_v to_o better_a account_n it_o be_v honourable_a to_o seem_v mild_a and_o merciful_a and_o courteous_a and_o religious_a and_o sincere_a and_o indeed_o to_o be_v so_o provide_v your_o mind_n be_v so_o rectify_v and_o prepare_v that_o you_o can_v act_v quite_o contrary_a upon_o occasion_n and_o this_o must_v be_v premise_v that_o a_o prince_n especial_o if_o come_v but_o late_o to_o the_o throne_n can_v observe_v all_o those_o thing_n exact_o which_o make_v man_n be_v esteem_v virtuous_a be_v oftentimes_o necessitate_v for_o the_o preservation_n of_o his_o state_n to_o do_v thing_n in_o humane_a uncharitable_a and_o irreligious_a and_o therefore_o it_o be_v convenient_a his_o mind_n be_v at_o his_o command_n and_o flexible_a to_o all_o the_o puff_n and_o variation_n of_o his_o fortune_n not_o forbear_v to_o be_v good_a while_o it_o be_v in_o his_o choice_n but_o know_v how_o to_o be_v evil_a when_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n a_o prince_n than_o be_v to_o have_v particular_a care_n that_o nothing_o fall_v from_o his_o mouth_n but_o what_o be_v full_a of_o the_o five_o quality_n aforesaid_a and_o that_o to_o see_v and_o to_o hear_v he_o he_o appear_v all_o goodness_n integrity_n humanity_n and_o religion_n which_o last_o he_o ought_v to_o pretend_v to_o more_o than_o ordinary_o because_o more_o man_n do_v judge_n by_o the_o eye_n then_o by_o the_o touch_n for_o every_o body_n see_v but_o few_o understand_v every_o body_n see_v how_o you_o appear_v
lombardy_n the_o great_a objection_n by_o those_o who_o be_v against_o the_o expedition_n be_v that_o the_o swizzer_n will_v obstruct_v his_o passage_n over_o the_o mountain_n which_o argument_n be_v find_v idle_a afterward_o for_o the_o king_n of_o france_n wave_v two_o or_o three_o place_n which_o they_o have_v guard_v pass_v by_o a_o private_a and_o unknown_a way_n and_o be_v upon_o their_o back_n in_o italy_n before_o they_o perceive_v he_o so_o that_o be_v mighty_o surprise_v the_o enemy_n quit_v his_o post_n and_o retire_v into_o italy_n and_o all_o the_o lombard_n submit_v to_o the_o french_a they_o be_v deceive_v in_o their_o opinion_n who_o think_v the_o french_a be_v with_o more_o ease_n and_o convenience_n to_o be_v obstruct_v in_o the_o mountain_n chap._n xxiv_o in_o well_o order_v government_n offence_n and_o desert_n be_v never_o set_v one_o against_o the_o other_o but_o he_o who_o do_v well_o be_v reward_v and_o he_o who_o do_v otherwise_o be_v punish_v the_o merit_n of_o horatius_n be_v very_o great_a have_v by_o his_o own_o single_a valour_n and_o conduct_n overcome_v the_o curiatij_n after_o which_o he_o commit_v a_o most_o abominable_a act_n in_o kill_v his_o own_o sister_n which_o murder_n be_v so_o heinous_a in_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o roman_n that_o he_o be_v bring_v to_o a_o trial_n for_o his_o life_n though_o his_o desert_n be_v so_o fresh_a and_o considerable_a which_o at_o first_o sight_n seem_v ingrateful_a in_o the_o people_n but_o he_o who_o examine_v it_o strict_o and_o weigh_v how_o necessary_a and_o sacred_a a_o thing_n justice_n ought_v to_o be_v in_o every_o commonwealth_n will_v find_v they_o more_o unblamable_a for_o discharge_v than_o they_o will_v have_v be_v for_o condemn_v he_o and_o the_o reason_n be_v because_o in_o a_o well_o constitute_v state_n no_o man_n good_a action_n shall_v indemnisie_v he_o for_o do_v ill_a for_o punishment_n be_v as_o due_a to_o ill_a action_n as_o reward_n be_v to_o good_a have_v reward_v in_o a_o man_n for_o do_v well_o he_o be_v satisfy_v for_o what_o he_o do_v and_o the_o obligation_n discharge_v so_o as_o if_o afterward_o he_o commit_v a_o crime_n he_o be_v to_o be_v punish_v severe_o according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o his_o offence_n by_o the_o observation_n of_o which_o order_n a_o city_n may_v continue_v free_a a_o long_a time_n which_o otherwise_o will_v quick_o go_v to_o ruin_v for_o if_o a_o citizen_n have_v perform_v any_o great_a exploit_n for_o his_o country_n shall_v expect_v not_o only_a honour_n and_o reward_n for_o what_o he_o have_v do_v but_o privilege_n and_o impunity_n for_o any_o mischief_n he_o shall_v do_v afterward_o his_o insolence_n will_v in_o a_o short_a time_n grow_v insupportable_a and_o inconsistent_a with_o civil_a government_n so_o than_o it_o be_v very_o necessary_a for_o discouragement_n from_o ill_a action_n to_o recompense_v good_a which_o be_v the_o practice_n in_o rome_n and_o though_o where_o a_o commonwealth_n be_v poor_a she_o towards_o can_v be_v great_a yet_o even_o out_o of_o that_o small_a stock_n she_o be_v to_o be_v punctual_o grateful_a for_o a_o thing_n how_o little_a soever_o give_v in_o acknowledgement_n of_o one_o good_a service_n let_v it_o be_v never_o so_o great_a be_v look_v upon_o as_o honourable_a and_o receive_v as_o a_o magnificent_a reward_n the_o story_n of_o horatius_n cocles_n and_o mutius_n scaevola_n be_v general_o famous_a coal_n with_o incomparable_a courage_n maintain_v fight_v against_o a_o great_a body_n of_o the_o enemy_n upon_o the_o bridge_n over_o tiber_n till_o it_o be_v cut_v behind_o he_o and_o their_o passage_n obstruct_v the_o other_o design_v against_o the_o life_n of_o porsenna_n king_n of_o tuscany_n and_o kill_v his_o secretary_n by_o mistake_n be_v apprehend_v and_o bring_v before_o the_o king_n to_o show_v the_o courage_n and_o constancy_n of_o the_o roman_n he_o thrust_v his_o own_o hand_n into_o the_o fire_n and_o burn_v it_o off_o before_o his_o face_n and_o how_o be_v they_o gratify_v marry_o each_o of_o they_o have_v two_o staiora_n which_o be_v as_o much_o ground_n as_o can_v be_v sow_v with_o two_o bushel_n of_o corn._n the_o history_n of_o manlius_n capitolinus_n be_v no_o less_o remarkable_a have_v relieve_v the_o capitol_n which_o the_o french_a have_v surprise_v in_o the_o night_n and_o beat_v they_o out_o again_o his_o comerade_n in_o requital_n give_v he_o a_o certain_a measure_n of_o flower_n which_o as_o time_n go_v then_o be_v a_o mighty_a reward_n and_o esteem_v so_o adequate_a to_o the_o service_n that_o manlius_n afterward_o either_o out_o of_o ambition_n or_o ill_a nature_n cause_v a_o tumult_n in_o rome_n and_o endeavour_v to_o debauch_v the_o people_n his_o former_a exploit_n be_v as_o they_o think_v ample_o reward_v without_o far_a regard_n to_o he_o they_o throw_v he_o headlong_o down_o that_o capitol_n which_o he_o have_v so_o glorious_o preserve_v chap._n xxv_o though_o it_o be_v many_o time_n convenient_a to_o reform_v the_o old_a fundamental_a custom_n of_o a_o free_a city_n yet_o it_o be_v convenient_a still_o to_o retain_v some_o shadow_n and_o appearance_n of_o their_o ancient_a way_n he_o who_o desire_v to_o set_v up_o a_o new_a form_n of_o government_n in_o a_o commonwealth_n that_o shall_v be_v last_v and_o acceptable_a to_o the_o people_n be_v with_o great_a caution_n to_o preserve_v at_o least_o some_o shadow_n and_o resemblance_n of_o the_o old_a that_o the_o people_n may_v if_o possible_a be_v insensible_a of_o the_o innovation_n for_o the_o generality_n of_o mankind_n do_v not_o penetrate_v so_o far_o into_o thing_n but_o that_o outward_a appearance_n be_v as_o acceptable_a to_o they_o as_o verity_n itself_o for_o this_o cause_n the_o roman_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o their_o liberty_n when_o their_o king_n be_v expel_v think_v it_o expedient_a to_o create_v two_o consul_n instead_o of_o one_o king_n assign_v they_o only_a xii_o lictor_n that_o their_o number_n may_v not_o exceed_v what_o attend_v upon_o the_o king_n beside_o this_o there_o be_v a_o anniversary_n sacrifice_n in_o rome_n in_o which_o the_o ministry_n of_o the_o king_n be_v of_o necessity_n require_v to_o salve_v that_o defect_n the_o roman_n create_v a_o chief_a of_o the_o say_a sacrifice_n with_o the_o title_n of_o royal_a priest_n but_o with_o subordination_n to_o the_o high_a priest_n by_o which_o artifice_n the_o people_n be_v satisfy_v with_o their_o sacrifice_n and_o take_v no_o occasion_n to_o complain_v for_o the_o expulsion_n of_o their_o king_n he_o therefore_o who_o desire_v to_o reform_v the_o policy_n of_o a_o state_n and_o to_o introduce_v a_o new_a be_v to_o disguise_v it_o to_o the_o people_n by_o the_o retention_n at_o least_o in_o appearance_n of_o some_o part_n of_o the_o ancient_a custom_n that_o may_v keep_v they_o from_o discern_v it_o and_o if_o at_o any_o time_n by_o accident_n there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o change_v the_o power_n the_o number_n and_o duration_n of_o the_o magistrate_n it_o will_v be_v convenient_a to_o continue_v the_o name_n this_o as_o i_o say_v before_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v by_o any_o one_o who_o will_v establish_v a_o absolute_a power_n either_o in_o a_o republic_n or_o monarchical_a way_n but_o he_o who_o will_v erect_v such_o a_o absolute_a power_n as_o by_o author_n be_v call_v tyranny_n must_v unravel_v the_o whole_a bottom_n and_o innovate_v all_o chap._n xxvi_o a_o new_a prince_n in_o a_o new_a conquest_n be_v to_o make_v every_o thing_n new_a whoever_o make_v himself_o lord_n of_o a_o city_n or_o state_n and_o especial_o if_o he_o find_v himself_o weak_a and_o suspect_v his_o ability_n to_o keep_v it_o if_o he_o intend_v not_o to_o continue_v the_o government_n in_o the_o old_a way_n either_o by_o kingship_n or_o commonwealth_n the_o best_a course_n he_o can_v take_v be_v to_o subvert_v all_o to_o turn_v every_o thing_n topsy_n turuie_o and_o make_v all_o thing_n as_o new_a as_o himself_o to_o alter_v the_o magistracy_n create_v new_a title_n elect_v new_a person_n confer_v new_a authority_n advance_v the_o poor_a and_o impoverish_v the_o rich_a that_o what_o be_v say_v of_o david_n may_v be_v say_v of_o he_o esurientes_fw-la implevit_fw-la bonis_fw-la &_o divites_fw-la dimisit_fw-la inane_n he_o fill_v the_o hungry_a with_o good_a thing_n and_o the_o rich_a he_o send_v empty_a away_o beside_o it_o be_v his_o interest_n to_o build_v new_a city_n to_o erect_v new_a corporation_n to_o demolish_v and_o uncharter_n the_o old_a to_o shift_v the_o inhabitant_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o in_o a_o word_n so_o to_o toss_v and_o transpose_v every_o thing_n that_o there_o be_v no_o honour_n nor_o wealth_n nor_o preferment_n in_o the_o whole_a province_n but_o what_o be_v ownable_a to_o he_o and_o for_o this_o he_o need_v go_v no_o far_o than_o philip_n of_o macedon_n father_n to_o alexander_n the_o
down_o his_o commission_n and_o to_o present_v it_o to_o his_o master_n before_o he_o have_v occasion_n to_o demand_v it_o use_v great_a care_n that_o none_o of_o his_o action_n discover_v he_o to_o be_v either_o insolent_a or_o ambitious_a that_o his_o prince_n have_v no_o cause_n to_o suspect_v he_o may_v have_v the_o great_a obligation_n to_o reward_v he_o if_o this_o way_n do_v not_o please_v the_o other_o be_v quite_o contrary_a and_o that_o be_v to_o declare_v himself_o bold_o and_o try_v always_o to_o set_v up_o for_o himself_o cajol_v and_o sweeten_v his_o soldier_n and_o subject_n make_v new_a alliance_n with_o his_o neighbour_n seize_v upon_o the_o strong_a town_n corrupt_v the_o officer_n and_o where_o they_o will_v not_o be_v corrupt_v secure_v they_o some_o other_o way_n and_o by_o do_v thus_o he_o shall_v be_v even_o with_o his_o lord_n for_o his_o ingratitude_n design_v and_o beside_o these_o two_o way_n there_o be_v none_o that_o i_o know_v but_o as_o i_o say_v before_o because_o man_n can_v neither_o be_v good_a nor_o bad_a in_o extremity_n it_o happen_v that_o great_a man_n be_v unwilling_a to_o quit_v their_o command_n and_o retire_v after_o the_o gain_n of_o a_o victory_n behave_v themselves_o modest_o they_o can_v and_o to_o use_v rigour_n in_o a_o honourable_a way_n be_v impossible_a so_o that_o while_o they_o be_v in_o suspense_n and_o uncertain_a which_o course_n to_o steer_v they_o be_v many_o time_n destroy_v as_o to_o a_o commonwealth_n that_o will_v preserve_v and_o exempt_v itself_o from_o this_o detestable_a vice_n of_o ingratitude_n the_o same_o remedy_n can_v be_v prescribe_v as_o be_v prescribe_v to_o a_o prince_n for_o not_o be_v able_a to_o manage_v its_o war_n in_o person_n as_o a_o prince_n may_v do_v the_o command_n of_o their_o force_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v commit_v to_o some_o of_o their_o subject_n the_o best_a way_n they_o can_v take_v be_v to_o follow_v the_o example_n of_o rome_n and_o that_o will_v render_v they_o less_o ingrateful_a than_o their_o neighbour_n in_o the_o war_n of_o the_o roman_n by_o ancient_a custom_n all_o people_n be_v employ_v as_o well_o noble_n as_o other_o and_o from_o thence_o it_o come_v that_o they_o be_v always_o well_o furnish_v with_o general_n and_o officer_n of_o all_o sort_n which_o keep_v they_o from_o be_v jealous_a of_o any_o one_o have_v so_o many_o of_o equal_a merit_n to_o oppose_v he_o beside_o which_o there_o be_v express_v law_n against_o ambition_n and_o all_o people_n so_o narrow_o observe_v that_o no_o man_n dare_v discover_v the_o least_o design_n or_o inclination_n that_o way_n and_o in_o the_o creation_n of_o dictator_n he_o be_v common_o prefer_v who_o debase_v himself_o most_o or_o discover_v least_o desire_n to_o obtain_v it_o by_o which_o mean_v prevent_v the_o occasion_n of_o suspicion_n they_o prevent_v the_o ingratitude_n that_o state_n therefore_o which_o will_v avoid_v the_o guilt_n of_o ingratitude_n be_v to_o imitate_v rome_n and_o that_o person_n who_o will_v avoid_v the_o effect_n must_v observe_v how_o the_o roman_n defend_v themselves_o chap._n xxxi_o that_o the_o roman_n use_v no_o extraordinary_a punishment_n towards_o their_o great_a captain_n when_o they_o commit_v a_o error_n of_o ignorance_n or_o malice_n provide_v the_o government_n be_v not_o damnify_v by_o it_o the_o roman_n as_o i_o say_v before_o be_v not_o only_o less_o unthankful_a than_o their_o neighbour_n but_o they_o be_v more_o human_a and_o gentle_a in_o the_o punishment_n of_o their_o general_n than_o any_o other_o state_n if_o their_o miscarriage_n be_v malicious_a they_o punish_v it_o not_o severe_o but_o if_o it_o be_v by_o ignorance_n or_o mistake_n instead_o of_o revenge_v they_o do_v many_o time_n reward_v it_o and_o this_o they_o do_v upon_o very_o grave_a consideration_n for_o the_o roman_n understand_v the_o charge_n of_o a_o army_n to_o be_v so_o great_a a_o care_n and_o of_o such_o transcendent_a importance_n that_o whoever_o undertake_v it_o aught_o to_o have_v his_o mind_n free_a and_o indisturb_v by_o any_o other_o respect_n or_o trouble_n whatsoever_o for_o his_o thought_n be_v with_o his_o trouble_n he_o will_v never_o mind_v his_o army_n nor_o take_v any_o advantage_n for_o example_n a_o army_n be_v send_v into_o greece_n against_o philip_n of_o macedon_n or_o into_o italy_n against_o hannibal_n or_o those_o people_n upon_o the_o frontier_n which_o have_v be_v conquer_v before_o and_o the_o captain_n who_o have_v the_o general_n command_v be_v load_v with_o all_o the_o care_n which_o do_v common_o attend_v great_a and_o extraordinary_a erterprise_n now_o if_o to_o those_o necessary_a care_n for_o his_o army_n there_o shall_v be_v superad_v a_o fear_n and_o apprehension_n of_o be_v punish_v at_o his_o return_n if_o thing_n go_v otherwise_o than_o well_o and_o perpetual_a reflection_n upon_o those_o who_o have_v be_v abuse_v and_o put_v to_o death_n upon_o the_o same_o score_n it_o must_v needs_o disturb_v the_o tranquillity_n of_o his_o mind_n and_o make_v he_o unfit_a for_o any_o great_a action_n the_o wise_a roman_n think_v the_o infamy_n and_o dishonour_n of_o lose_v a_o battle_n punishment_n enough_o without_o heap_v one_o affliction_n upon_o another_o and_o as_o to_o those_o who_o error_n proceed_v rather_o from_o malice_n than_o ignorance_n we_o have_v another_o example_n sargius_n and_o virginius_n have_v each_o of_o they_o a_o army_n and_o be_v encamp_v before_o veii_n sargius_n be_v post_v against_o the_o tuscan_n and_o virginius_n on_o the_o other_o side_n against_o any_o body_n else_o it_o happen_v the_o falisci_n have_v join_v with_o several_a of_o their_o neighbour_n come_v to_o fall_v upon_o sergius_n sergius_n have_v notice_n and_o find_v himself_o too_o weak_a yet_o rather_o than_o send_v to_o his_o companion_n for_o supply_n he_o choose_v to_o be_v rout_v and_o virginius_n on_o the_o other_o side_n though_o he_o know_v his_o distress_n will_v by_o no_o mean_n relieve_v he_o unless_o he_o desire_v it_o so_o that_o that_o roman_a army_n be_v cut_v off_o by_o the_o ambition_n and_o emulation_n of_o their_o general_n a_o thing_n of_o very_o ill_a example_n have_v it_o be_v suffer_v to_o pass_v without_o punishment_n nevertheless_o whereas_o other_o state_n will_v have_v punish_v they_o with_o death_n rome_n inflict_v only_o a_o pecuniary_a mulct_n but_o their_o crime_n deserve_v sharp_a correction_n but_o the_o roman_n be_v unwilling_a to_o do_v any_o thing_n against_o custom_n which_o as_o be_v say_v before_o be_v very_o sacred_a with_o they_o as_o to_o the_o error_n of_o ignorance_n we_o have_v another_o example_n in_o varro_n by_o who_o folly_n and_o rashness_n the_o roman_n have_v lose_v the_o battle_n of_o cannae_n against_o hannibal_n and_o bring_v their_o whole_a government_n in_o danger_n have_v hannibal_n know_v how_o to_o use_v as_o well_o as_o gain_v a_o victory_n yet_o his_o offence_n have_v in_o it_o more_o of_o ignorance_n than_o malice_n when_o he_o come_v back_o the_o senate_n go_v out_o to_o meet_v he_o in_o their_o formality_n and_o not_o be_v able_a to_o congratulate_v his_o success_n they_o give_v he_o thanks_o for_o his_o return_n and_o that_o de_fw-fr salute_v reipublicae_fw-la non_fw-la desperasset_fw-la that_o he_o do_v not_o despair_v of_o their_o affair_n when_o papirius_n cursor_n the_o dictator_n will_v needs_o put_v fabius_n to_o death_n because_o contrary_a to_o order_n he_o have_v fight_v with_o the_o samnite_n among_o other_o reason_n which_o the_o father_n of_o fabius_n urge_v against_o that_o sentence_n this_o be_v one_o that_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n have_v till_o that_o time_n never_o be_v so_o severe_a upon_o any_o of_o their_o commander_n for_o the_o loss_n of_o a_o battle_n as_o papirius_n will_v now_o be_v upon_o the_o victor_n for_o gain_v one_o chap._n xxxii_o a_o commonwealth_n or_o prince_n be_v not_o to_o defer_v his_o beneficence_n till_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o object_n require_v it_o the_o liberality_n of_o the_o roman_n to_o the_o people_n succeed_v very_o well_o when_o prosenna_n invade_v rome_n in_o behalf_n of_o the_o tarquin_n for_o the_o senate_n apprehend_v the_o people_n may_v be_v bring_v to_o restore_v the_o king_n rather_o than_o endure_v the_o war_n to_o oblige_v they_o release_v their_o gabel_n upon_o salt_n and_o all_o their_o other_o duty_n declare_v the_o people_n be_v sufficient_a benefactor_n to_o the_o public_a in_o provide_v and_o bring_v up_o their_o child_n all_o which_o be_v do_v to_o cajole_v they_o into_o such_o a_o humour_n as_o may_v make_v they_o endure_v the_o siege_n and_o swallow_v the_o calamity_n of_o the_o war_n but_o let_v no_o man_n rely_v upon_o this_o example_n and_o defer_v his_o indulgence_n to_o the_o people_n till_o the_o enemy_n be_v upon_o his_o back_n for_o it_o shall_v never_o succeed_v so_o well_o to_o he_o as_o it_o do_v to_o the_o
roman_n because_o the_o multitude_n will_v think_v themselves_o more_o oblige_v to_o the_o enemy_n than_o to_o he_o and_o believe_v that_o when_o the_o necessity_n be_v over_o they_o shall_v be_v as_o bad_a as_o before_o the_o reason_n why_o this_o way_n succeed_v so_o happy_o to_o the_o roman_n be_v because_o their_o state_n be_v but_o new_a and_o scarce_o settle_v and_o the_o people_n be_v sensible_a that_o several_a law_n be_v make_v before_o for_o their_o advantage_n and_o reputation_n as_o particular_o the_o law_n of_o appeal_n to_o the_o people_n so_o as_o they_o be_v able_a to_o satisfy_v themselves_o that_o the_o benefit_n which_o be_v confer_v upon_o they_o by_o the_o senate_n proceed_v rather_o from_o a_o disposition_n in_o the_o senate_n to_o do_v they_o good_a than_o from_o any_o apprehension_n of_o the_o enemy_n beside_o the_o injury_n and_o outrage_n of_o their_o king_n lay_v fresh_a and_o heavy_a upon_o their_o memory_n but_o these_o case_n happen_v very_o seldom_o it_o be_v but_o very_o seldom_o that_o such_o remedy_n succeed_v wherefore_o it_o be_v better_a for_o any_o commonwealth_n or_o prince_n to_o consider_v the_o worst_a beforehand_o and_o what_o people_n he_o be_v most_o like_a to_o have_v need_n of_o in_o time_n of_o adversity_n and_o to_o live_v so_o with_o they_o in_o time_n of_o prosperity_n as_o that_o they_o may_v be_v encourage_v to_o relieve_v he_o upon_o any_o distress_n and_o he_o who_o act_v otherwise_o whether_o prince_n or_o commonwealth_n but_o especial_o a_o prince_n and_o presume_v when_o the_o danger_n be_v hang_v over_o his_o head_n that_o it_o be_v time_n enough_o to_o favour_v the_o people_n will_v find_v himself_o mistake_v and_o the_o people_n ready_a to_o contribute_v to_o his_o ruin_n than_o defence_n chap._n xxxiii_o if_o a_o inconvenience_n increase_v either_o within_o a_o state_n or_o against_o it_o it_o be_v better_a to_o temporize_v and_o comply_v than_o to_o endeavour_v to_o remove_v it_o by_o violence_n the_o roman_a commonwealth_n increase_v in_o empire_n reputation_n and_o force_n their_o neighbour_n not_o have_v consider_v it_o nor_o what_o damage_n that_o greatness_n may_v pull_v down_o upon_o they_o begin_v now_o when_o too_o late_o to_o discover_v their_o error_n and_o be_v willing_a to_o do_v that_o now_o which_o have_v be_v more_o easy_a before_o forty_o little_a state_n of_o they_o confederate_v against_o rome_n the_o roman_n among_o their_o usual_a provision_n in_o case_n of_o imminent_a danger_n create_v a_o dictator_n who_o without_o any_o man_n advice_n may_v resolve_v as_o he_o please_v and_o execute_v his_o resolution_n without_o be_v call_v to_o a_o account_n this_o magistrate_n be_v not_o only_o the_o occasion_n of_o overcome_v their_o enemy_n at_o that_o time_n but_o be_v very_o useful_a upon_o all_o accident_n afterward_o when_o their_o dominion_n increase_v which_o may_v teach_v we_o that_o when_o either_o at_o home_o within_o or_o abroad_o against_o a_o commonwealth_n a_o inconvenience_n arise_v whether_o from_o a_o inward_a or_o a_o outward_a cause_n it_o be_v not_o material_a it_o be_v better_a counsel_n to_o comply_v and_o temporize_v than_o to_o endeavour_v furious_o to_o suppress_v it_o for_o to_o resist_v be_v to_o augment_v it_o and_o to_o pull_v down_o upon_o our_o head_n what_o we_o be_v but_o afraid_a of_o before_o and_o these_o kind_n of_o accident_n fall_v out_o in_o a_o commonwealth_n often_o from_o intrinsic_a than_o extrinsic_a cause_n where_o the_o power_n and_o authority_n of_o some_o citizen_n be_v permit_v to_o increase_v too_o fast_o and_o more_o than_o be_v convenient_a for_o the_o honour_n or_o benefit_n of_o the_o state_n or_o when_o such_o law_n be_v abrogate_a or_o neglect_v as_o be_v most_o for_o the_o interest_n of_o their_o state_n which_o error_n if_o suffer_v to_o run_v on_o will_v be_v more_o dangerous_a to_o oppose_v than_o to_o comply_v with_o for_o it_o be_v so_o much_o the_o hard_a to_o find_v out_o these_o inconvenience_n in_o the_o beginning_n by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v natural_a for_o all_o people_n to_o favour_v every_o thing_n that_o be_v new_a especial_o if_o introduce_v by_o a_o young_a man_n with_o the_o least_o show_n or_o pretence_n of_o advantage_n for_o if_o a_o young_a gentleman_n appear_v in_o a_o commonwealth_n endue_v with_o more_o than_o ordinary_a quality_n the_o eye_n of_o the_o whole_a city_n be_v immediate_o upon_o he_o they_o run_v unanimous_o to_o respect_v he_o and_o pay_v he_o all_o the_o honour_n that_o can_v be_v imagine_v so_o that_o if_o he_o have_v the_o least_o spark_n of_o ambition_n or_o vainglory_n he_o be_v present_o puff_v up_o and_o inflame_v with_o the_o contemplation_n of_o his_o own_o worth_n and_o the_o affection_n of_o the_o people_n and_o when_o he_o be_v arrive_v at_o such_o a_o height_n as_o to_o be_v as_o visible_a as_o their_o error_n then_o it_o be_v too_o late_a there_o be_v but_o few_o remedy_n in_o the_o case_n and_o when_o most_o of_o they_o be_v apply_v they_o do_v but_o magnify_v his_o power_n many_o example_n may_v be_v bring_v to_o this_o purpose_n but_o i_o shall_v only_o instance_n in_o one_o cosimo_n di_fw-fr medicis_n from_o who_o the_o famous_a family_n of_o the_o medici_n in_o our_o city_n have_v their_o first_o grandeur_n be_v in_o such_o reputation_n for_o his_o wisdom_n and_o his_o fellow_n citizen_n be_v so_o ignorant_a that_o he_o begin_v to_o be_v formidable_a to_o the_o state_n and_o the_o magistrate_n begin_v to_o think_v it_o difficult_a to_o take_v he_o down_o but_o destructive_a to_o let_v he_o stand_v there_o be_v at_o that_o time_n in_o florence_n a_o person_n of_o great_a experience_n in_o matter_n of_o state_n call_v nicolo_n da_fw-mi uzano_n who_o be_v well_o advise_v of_o the_o first_o fault_n which_o he_o have_v commit_v in_o not_o consider_v in_o time_n the_o inconvenience_n which_o may_v follow_v upon_o cosimo_n reputation_n resolve_v to_o obviate_v the_o second_o that_o be_v that_o no_o force_n shall_v be_v use_v to_o oppress_v he_o as_o know_v that_o course_n will_v be_v the_o ruin_n of_o the_o state_n and_o so_o it_o prove_v not_o long_o after_o his_o death_n for_o the_o citizen_n which_o remain_v not_o follow_v his_o counsel_n begin_v to_o combine_v and_o fortify_v against_o cosimo_n and_o indeed_o force_v he_o out_o of_o rome_n whereupon_o his_o party_n be_v increase_v in_o a_o short_a time_n call_v he_o home_o again_o and_o make_v he_o their_o prince_n to_o which_o dignity_n he_o can_v never_o have_v arrive_v but_o by_o the_o opposition_n of_o his_o enemy_n the_o same_o happen_v to_o julius_n caesar_n who_o great_a virtue_n and_o excellent_a qualification_n recommend_v he_o so_o high_o to_o the_o favour_n of_o pompey_n and_o the_o people_n that_o by_o degree_n he_o become_v terrible_a and_o their_o favour_n be_v turn_v into_o fear_n of_o which_o cicero_n complain_v when_o he_o say_v that_o pompey_n begin_v to_o fear_v he_o too_o late_o for_o when_o his_o fear_n prompt_v he_o to_o look_v out_o for_o a_o remedy_n that_o remedy_n hasten_v the_o ruin_n of_o the_o state_n i_o say_v then_o when_o this_o case_n happen_v it_o be_v incomparable_o better_a to_o temporize_v than_o to_o endeavour_v to_o repel_v the_o mischief_n which_o threaten_v by_o violence_n and_o force_n for_o many_o time_n by_o that_o mean_n it_o pass_v as_o it_o come_v and_o go_v out_o of_o itself_o or_o else_o the_o damage_n it_o bring_v be_v the_o long_o a_o come_n in_o these_o case_n prince_n ought_v to_o be_v very_o vigilant_a lest_o go_v about_o to_o retrench_v and_o lessen_v the_o great_a power_n of_o a_o neighbour_n they_o give_v he_o opportunity_n to_o increase_v it_o and_o bring_v themselves_o into_o great_a danger_n you_o be_v therefore_o to_o compare_v your_o own_o strength_n and_o your_o enemy_n and_o if_o you_o find_v yourself_o the_o strong_a to_o attaque_fw-la he_o courageous_o but_o if_o weak_a you_o have_v better_o be_v quiet_a lest_o it_o happen_v to_o you_o as_o it_o do_v to_o those_o little_a state_n who_o confederate_v against_o rome_n to_o who_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o event_n it_o have_v be_v much_o better_a to_o have_v sit_v still_o and_o endeavour_v their_o friendship_n than_o to_o have_v irritate_v the_o great_a power_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o force_v they_o to_o a_o war_n for_o the_o roman_n have_v never_o get_v to_o that_o height_n if_o that_o confederacy_n have_v not_o give_v they_o occasion_n of_o try_v all_o experiment_n for_o their_o defence_n and_o put_v they_o among_o the_o rest_n upon_o the_o creation_n of_o dictator_n by_o which_o new_a invention_n they_o not_o only_o master_v all_o danger_n that_o threaten_v they_o but_o prevent_v a_o thousand_o mischief_n into_o which_o without_o that_o remedy_n the_o commonwealth_n will_v most_o certain_o have_v fall_v chap._n xxxiv_o the_o dictatorship_n be_v useful_a not_o
people_n they_o be_v deny_v that_o liberty_n and_o can_v not_o have_v the_o benefit_n of_o that_o law_n which_o be_v great_a diminution_n to_o the_o reputation_n of_o the_o friar_n than_o any_o thing_n that_o have_v ever_o happen_v before_o for_o if_o that_o law_n be_v of_o such_o importance_n as_o he_o have_v pretend_v it_o ought_v to_o have_v be_v observe_v if_o nor_o why_o be_v it_o solicit_v so_o earnest_o and_o it_o be_v the_o more_o remarkable_a in_o the_o friar_n because_o in_o his_o many_o sermon_n and_o discourse_n afterward_o to_o the_o people_n he_o neither_o blame_v the_o break_n of_o that_o law_n nor_o go_v about_o to_o excuse_v it_o for_o be_v to_o his_o purpose_n he_o will_v not_o condemn_v it_o and_o excuse_v it_o he_o can_v not_o have_v nothing_o to_o say_v which_o action_n have_v discover_v the_o ambition_n and_o partiality_n of_o his_o mind_n take_v much_o off_o from_o his_o repute_n and_o load_v he_o with_o scandal_n it_o be_v of_o great_a inconvenience_n likewise_o in_o a_o state_n to_o revive_v and_o ferment_n the_o humour_n in_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o citizen_n by_o a_o daily_a renovation_n of_o their_o injury_n upon_o one_o person_n or_o other_o as_o it_o happen_v in_o rome_n after_o the_o decemvirate_a be_v dissolve_v and_o the_o tribunitial_a authority_n reestablish_v by_o the_o people_n for_o all_o the_o decem-viri_a and_o several_a other_o considerable_a citizen_n be_v accuse_v and_o condemn_v in_o so_o much_o as_o there_o be_v a_o general_a consternation_n among_o the_o nobility_n who_o think_v there_o will_v be_v no_o end_n of_o their_o condemnation_n till_o they_o be_v utter_o extinct_a which_o proceed_v and_o apprehension_n will_v doubtless_o have_v produce_v great_a trouble_n in_o the_o state_n have_v not_o they_o be_v prevent_v by_o marcus_n duellius_fw-la the_o tribune_n who_o publish_v a_o edict_n that_o for_o a_o twelvemonth_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v lawful_a either_o to_o cite_v or_o accuse_v any_o man_n that_o be_v citizen_n of_o rome_n by_o which_o act_n of_o moderation_n he_o secure_v the_o nobility_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v discern_v how_o unsafe_a it_o be_v for_o any_o prince_n or_o commonwealth_n to_o keep_v the_o mind_n of_o their_o subject_n in_o perpetual_a fear_n and_o suspense_n and_o without_o doubt_n nothing_o can_v be_v more_o pernicious_a for_o man_n be_v insecure_a and_o jealous_a of_o be_v question_v for_o some_o capital_a offence_n will_v look_v out_o for_o protection_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o be_v provoke_v to_o more_o boldness_n and_o become_v less_o scrupulous_a of_o do_v great_a mischief_n if_o therefore_o such_o commotion_n happen_v it_o be_v better_a if_o possible_a to_o compose_v they_o without_o blood_n but_o if_o example_n must_v be_v make_v it_o be_v to_o be_v do_v at_o once_o that_o afterward_o the_o people_n may_v be_v reassure_v and_o recover_v their_o old_a security_n and_o tranquillity_n of_o mind_n chap._n xlvi_o how_o man_n leap_v from_o one_o passion_n to_o another_o and_o how_o they_o who_o at_o first_o aim_n at_o nothing_o but_o self-preservation_n when_o secure_v of_o that_o grow_v oppressor_n of_o other_o people_n after_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n have_v recover_v their_o liberty_n and_o have_v by_o so_o much_o improve_v their_o former_a condition_n by_o how_o much_o they_o have_v make_v many_o new_a law_n to_o fortify_v their_o power_n one_o will_v have_v expect_v they_o shall_v have_v be_v quiet_a and_o after_o so_o much_o trouble_v and_o embroilment_n enjoy_v some_o time_n of_o repose_n but_o it_o fall_v out_o quite_o contrary_a they_o be_v more_o perplex_v than_o before_o every_o day_n produce_v some_o new_a sedition_n or_o disturbance_n of_o which_o livy_n give_v the_o reason_n so_o clear_o i_o do_v not_o think_v it_o amiss_o to_o insert_v they_o in_o this_o place_n these_o two_o order_n say_v he_o be_v in_o perpetual_a opposition_n when_o the_o people_n be_v humble_a the_o nobility_n be_v proud_a when_o the_o populace_n be_v quiet_a and_o content_a with_o their_o bound_n the_o young_a nobility_n take_v their_o time_n to_o be_v insolent_a and_o when_o the_o tribune_n interpose_v in_o their_o behalf_n they_o make_v little_a progress_n at_o first_o and_o at_o length_n be_v as_o much_o injure_v themselves_o the_o grave_a sort_n of_o the_o nobility_n on_o the_o other_o side_n though_o they_o think_v their_o own_o youth_n to_o be_v too_o furious_a and_o insolent_a yet_o they_o have_v rather_o if_o one_o side_n must_v transgress_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v their_o own_o than_o the_o people_n so_o that_o their_o immoderate_a desire_n of_o preserve_v their_o privilege_n be_v the_o cause_n that_o when_o either_o party_n be_v prevalent_a it_o employ_v its_o whole_a power_n in_o oppress_v the_o other_o it_o be_v common_a among_o man_n when_o they_o will_v secure_v themselves_o to_o injure_v other_o people_n they_o begin_v first_o to_o do_v mischief_n to_o revile_v or_o to_o beat_v or_o what_o other_o outrage_n they_o be_v able_a as_o if_o the_o injury_n they_o will_v avoid_v themselves_o be_v to_o be_v throw_v upon_o their_o neighbour_n and_o there_o be_v no_o medium_fw-la betwixt_o do_v and_o suffer_v of_o wrong_n from_o hence_o we_o may_v see_v after_o what_o manner_n among_o other_o thing_n commonwealth_n be_v dissolve_v and_o how_o sudden_o man_n pass_v from_o one_o ambition_n to_o another_o according_a to_o that_o true_a say_n which_o sallust_n put_v into_o the_o mouth_n of_o caesar._n omnia_fw-la mala_fw-la exempla_fw-la bonis_fw-la initiis_fw-la orta_fw-la sunt_fw-la all_o disorder_n and_o abuse_n be_v good_a in_o their_o beginning_n the_o first_o thing_n a_o ambitious_a citizen_n endeavour_n be_v so_o to_o fortify_v that_o he_o may_v defend_v himself_o not_o only_o against_o his_o private_a adversary_n but_o against_o the_o public_a magistrate_n if_o at_o any_o time_n he_o will_v offend_v he_o to_o which_o end_n he_o make_v what_o friend_n he_o can_v by_o furnish_v they_o with_o money_n or_o support_v they_o against_o their_o oppressor_n and_o this_o seem_v very_o honest_a in_o appearance_n people_n be_v easy_o delude_v and_o no_o body_n go_v about_o to_o prevent_v it_o so_o that_o no_o obstacle_n be_v give_v he_o grow_v insensible_o so_o great_a that_o not_o only_o the_o private_a citizen_n but_o the_o magistrate_n begin_v to_o apprehend_v he_o and_o then_o there_o be_v no_o resist_v he_o without_o manifest_a danger_n for_o the_o reason_n which_o i_o have_v mention_v before_o of_o the_o dangerous_a contend_v with_o inconvenience_n that_o have_v get_v that_o growth_n and_o maturity_n in_o a_o city_n what_o be_v then_o to_o be_v do_v let_v he_o alone_o in_o his_o prosperity_n and_o he_o enslave_v you_o for_o ever_o unless_o death_n or_o some_o other_o kind_a accident_n deliver_v you_o if_o you_o think_v to_o remove_v he_o on_o a_o sudden_a you_o do_v but_o add_v to_o his_o power_n and_o hasten_v your_o own_o ruin_n for_o find_v himself_o in_o such_o a_o posture_n that_o his_o friend_n his_o enemy_n the_o magistrate_n and_o all_o people_n be_v afraid_a of_o he_o he_o will_v then_o begin_v to_o domineer_v and_o dispose_v of_o all_o thing_n according_a to_o his_o own_o judgement_n and_o pleasure_n if_o there_o be_v any_o way_n to_o prevent_v it_o it_o be_v by_o watch_v in_o time_n by_o have_v a_o diligent_a eye_n over_o your_o citizen_n that_o under_o colour_n of_o do_v good_a they_o may_v not_o be_v able_a to_o do_v mischief_n and_o that_o they_o may_v have_v as_o much_o reputation_n as_o may_v serve_v not_o ruin_v their_o liberty_n but_o of_o this_o more_o hereafter_o chap._n xlvii_o though_o the_o people_n in_o thing_n that_o be_v discourse_v in_o general_a be_v many_o time_n mistake_v yet_o when_o they_o be_v reduce_v to_o particular_n they_o be_v more_o sensible_a and_o judicious_a the_o name_n of_o consul_n as_o we_o say_v before_o be_v grow_v odious_a to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n they_o resolve_v to_o have_v they_o create_v for_o the_o future_a out_o of_o the_o populace_n or_o else_o to_o limit_v and_o circumscribe_v their_o authority_n with_o such_o ruler_n as_o they_o shall_v think_v fit_a the_o nobility_n to_o prevent_v both_o inconvenience_n take_v a_o way_n betwixt_o both_o and_o be_v content_v that_o they_o shall_v create_v four_o tribune_n with_o consular_a authority_n to_o be_v choose_v indifferent_o out_o of_o the_o people_n and_o senate_n the_o people_n be_v well_o enough_o satisfy_v as_o think_v by_o that_o mean_v the_o consulship_n will_v extinguish_v and_o that_o they_o shall_v have_v a_o share_n of_o the_o supreme_a dignity_n themselves_o but_o observe_v what_o follow_v when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o creation_n of_o their_o tribune_n and_o it_o be_v not_o only_o in_o their_o power_n but_o expect_v that_o they_o shall_v have_v be_v all_o make_v out_o of_o the_o people_n they_o choose_v they_o all_o out_o of_o the_o nobility_n which_o give_v
take_v away_o without_o manifest_a danger_n it_o be_v but_o equitable_a therefore_o that_o the_o people_n shall_v be_v capable_a of_o the_o consulship_n that_o be_v nourish_v a_o while_n with_o only_a the_o hope_n they_o may_v at_o length_n be_v so_o happy_a as_o to_o have_v it_o in_o effect_n a_o city_n that_o employ_v not_o its_o people_n in_o any_o great_a affair_n may_v order_v they_o as_o it_o please_v but_o if_o it_o design_n to_o extend_v its_o empire_n and_o do_v as_o the_o roman_n do_v there_o must_v be_v no_o distinction_n and_o that_o no_o regard_n ought_v to_o be_v have_v of_o any_o man_n age_n appear_v by_o this_o that_o in_o the_o election_n of_o a_o young_a man_n to_o a_o degree_n in_o which_o the_o wisdom_n of_o a_o old_a man_n be_v requisite_a the_o multitude_n be_v to_o elect_v it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o young_a man_n be_v recommend_v by_o some_o extraordinary_a exploit_n and_o when_o a_o young_a man_n be_v so_o happy_a as_o to_o have_v make_v himself_o conspicuous_a in_o the_o city_n by_o some_o honourable_a achievement_n it_o be_v not_o only_o hard_a but_o inconvenient_a if_o the_o say_a city_n may_v not_o receive_v the_o benefit_n of_o his_o virtue_n immediate_o but_o be_v force_v to_o attend_v till_o his_o mind_n as_o well_o as_o body_n be_v super-annuated_n and_o all_o that_o vigour_n and_o promptitude_n lose_v which_o at_o that_o time_n may_v have_v be_v so_o serviceable_a to_o his_o country_n at_o which_o age_n valerius_n corvinus_n scipio_n pompey_n and_o many_o other_o do_v great_a thing_n and_o be_v permit_v to_o triumph_v for_o their_o pain_n the_o discourse_n of_o nicholas_n machiavelli_n citizen_z and_o secretary_z of_o florence_n upon_o the_o first_o decade_n of_o livy_n to_o zanobi_n bvondelmonti_n and_o cosimo_n rucellai_n libre_fw-la ii_o the_o preface_n it_o be_v the_o common_a practice_n of_o mankind_n to_o commend_v the_o ancient_a and_o condemn_v the_o present_a time_n but_o in_o my_o judgement_n not_o always_o with_o reason_n for_o so_o studious_o be_v they_o devote_v to_o thing_n of_o antiquity_n that_o they_o do_v not_o only_o admire_v what_o be_v transmit_v by_o old_a author_n but_o applaud_v and_o cry_v up_o when_o they_o be_v old_a the_o passage_n and_o occurrence_n in_o their_o youth_n but_o my_o opinion_n be_v this_o their_o way_n of_o computation_n be_v many_o time_n false_a and_o that_o upon_o several_a account_n first_o because_o of_o such_o very_a ancient_a thing_n we_o can_v have_v no_o absolute_a knowledge_n for_o most_o common_o in_o the_o narrative_a of_o affair_n what_o be_v infamous_a or_o ill_o do_v be_v pretermit_v in_o silence_n whilst_o what_o be_v well_o do_v and_o honourable_a be_v relate_v with_o all_o the_o art_n and_o amplification_n of_o rhetoric_n for_o so_o much_o be_v historian_n accustom_v to_o attribute_n to_o the_o fortune_n of_o the_o conqueror_n that_o to_o increase_v his_o praise_n they_o do_v not_o only_o exspatiate_v upon_o his_o conduct_n and_o exploit_n but_o they_o do_v likewise_o so_o magnify_v and_o illustrate_v the_o very_a action_n of_o the_o enemy_n that_o they_o who_o come_v after_o behold_v thing_n at_o a_o great_a distance_n have_v reason_n to_o admire_v those_o time_n and_o those_o man_n and_o by_o consequence_n to_o love_v they_o beside_o it_o be_v envy_n or_o fear_v which_o dispose_v people_n to_o hatred_n neither_o of_o those_o passion_n extend_v to_o what_o can_v possible_o hurt_v they_o two_o great_a cause_n be_v want_v of_o find_v fault_n with_o antiquity_n for_o as_o thing_n so_o long_o pass_v can_v any_o way_n prejudice_n so_o they_o can_v provoke_v to_o envy_v or_o discontent_n but_o present_a thing_n which_o be_v obvious_a to_o our_o own_o sense_n be_v universal_o know_v and_o no_o circumstance_n that_o pass_v whether_o good_a or_o bad_a that_o can_v be_v total_o conceal_v from_o whence_o it_o proceed_v that_o observe_v with_o the_o excellence_n and_o virtue_n of_o our_o present_a affair_n whatever_o be_v concomitant_a of_o imprudence_n or_o vice_n we_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n compel_v to_o postpone_v they_o to_o thing_n of_o antiquity_n where_o the_o good_a only_o be_v display_v and_o the_o bad_a pass_v by_o though_o perhaps_o the_o present_a thing_n be_v more_o worthy_o glorious_a i_o do_v not_o intend_v any_o thing_n hereby_o of_o the_o art_n and_o science_n of_o our_o predecessor_n so_o high_o improve_v and_o illustrate_v that_o it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o time_n either_o to_o add_v any_o thing_n or_o subtract_v i_o only_o speak_v of_o the_o manner_n and_o civil_a conversation_n of_o man_n in_o which_o indeed_o we_o have_v not_o so_o many_o virtuous_a example_n as_o be_v to_o be_v find_v among_o our_o ancestor_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o altogether_o unjust_o if_o antiquity_n be_v prefer_v yet_o be_v not_o our_o present_a transaction_n to_o be_v always_o condemn_v as_o worse_a than_o the_o former_a as_o if_o antiquity_n have_v no_o error_n at_o all_o humane_a affair_n be_v in_o perpetual_a fluctuation_n and_o have_v their_o time_n of_o decrease_n as_o well_o as_o advancement_n a_o city_n or_o province_n found_v by_o some_o excellent_a person_n upon_o good_a principle_n and_o law_n not_o only_o stand_v but_o flourish_n and_o increase_v a_o long_a time_n in_o honour_n authority_n and_o wealth_n and_o those_o person_n who_o happiness_n it_o be_v to_o be_v bear_v under_o those_o government_n whilst_o they_o be_v glorious_a and_o powerful_a be_v apt_a to_o prefer_v their_o old_a custom_n to_o the_o disparagement_n of_o the_o new_a yet_o they_o be_v in_o a_o error_n and_o for_o the_o reason_n abovesaid_a but_o those_o who_o be_v bear_v when_o the_o state_n be_v in_o its_o declension_n do_v not_o so_o much_o transgress_v when_o they_o commend_v what_o be_v pass_v and_o decry_v what_o be_v present_a which_o thing_n have_v serious_o consider_v with_o myself_o i_o conceive_v to_o be_v cause_v because_o the_o world_n have_v be_v always_o the_o same_o and_o make_v up_o promiscuous_o of_o good_a thing_n and_o bad_a yet_o these_o good_a and_o bad_a thing_n have_v vary_v sometime_o and_o as_o it_o be_v transmigrate_v from_o one_o city_n and_o one_o province_n to_o another_o so_o that_o in_o those_o place_n where_o virtue_n have_v be_v a_o long_a time_n predominant_a vice_n have_v steal_v in_o by_o degree_n and_o supplant_v it_o which_o be_v evident_a by_o the_o revolution_n of_o kingdom_n and_o empire_n where_o virtue_n and_o justice_n have_v have_v its_o time_n and_o be_v transfuse_v afterward_o into_o other_o country_n however_o the_o world_n be_v the_o same_o though_o its_o virtue_n and_o magnanimity_n be_v unstable_a remove_v and_o shift_v from_o the_o assyrian_n first_o to_o the_o mede_n from_o the_o mede_n to_o the_o persian_n and_o from_o they_o to_o the_o roman_n and_o if_o after_o the_o roman_a empire_n there_o have_v be_v no_o government_n so_o great_a as_o to_o comprehend_v and_o engross_v the_o virtue_n of_o the_o whole_a world_n 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contemporary_n his_o error_n be_v not_o great_a but_o he_o that_o be_v bear_v in_o italy_n and_o be_v not_o in_o his_o heart_n a_o tramontan_n or_o in_o greece_n and_o be_v not_o a_o turk_n must_v needs_o bewail_v his_o own_o time_n and_o cry_v up_o his_o predecessor_n in_o which_o he_o will_v find_v many_o thing_n well_o worthy_a his_o admiration_n whereas_o in_o these_o there_o be_v nothing_o but_o wickedness_n and_o obloquy_n no_o religion_n no_o law_n no_o discipline_n but_o all_o thing_n impure_a and_o brutish_a and_o they_o be_v the_o more_o detestable_a and_o deplorable_a by_o how_o much_o the_o same_o person_n who_o will_v be_v imitate_v and_o be_v set_v aloft_o to_o command_v all_o and_o correct_v those_o that_o be_v vicious_a be_v most_o dissolute_a and_o most_o vicious_a themselves_o but_o to_o return_v to_o our_o discourse_n i_o say_v that_o though_o humane_a judgement_n be_v frail_a
how_o worthy_a and_o honest_a soever_o leave_v he_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o suspect_v they_o afterward_o nor_o can_v he_o make_v those_o city_n which_o he_o subdue_v dependent_a or_o tributary_n to_o that_o where_o he_o be_v absolute_a for_o it_o be_v not_o the_o interest_n of_o a_o tyrant_n to_o make_v his_o subject_n powerful_a or_o unite_a but_o to_o keep_v they_o low_o and_o divide_v that_o every_o town_n every_o province_n may_v depend_v whole_o upon_o himself_o so_o that_o the_o conquest_n of_o a_o usurper_n may_v turn_v to_o his_o own_o profit_n but_o never_o to_o the_o public_a to_o which_o purpose_n many_o thing_n be_v very_o handsome_o write_v by_o xenophon_n in_o his_o treatise_n of_o tyranny_n and_o thing_n be_v thus_o no_o body_n be_v to_o admire_v if_o our_o ancestor_n have_v so_o great_a a_o zeal_n for_o their_o liberty_n and_o the_o very_a name_n of_o a_o tyrant_n be_v so_o odious_a to_o they_o that_o when_o long_o since_o news_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o army_n 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please_v the_o most_o part_n of_o they_o think_v more_o of_o paradise_n than_o preferment_n and_o of_o endure_v than_o revenge_v of_o injury_n as_o if_o heaven_n be_v to_o be_v win_v rather_o by_o idleness_n than_o arm_n but_o that_o explication_n of_o our_o religion_n be_v erroneous_a and_o they_o who_o make_v it_o be_v poor_a and_o pusillanimous_a and_o more_o give_v to_o their_o case_n than_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v great_a for_o if_o the_o christian_a religion_n allow_v we_o to_o defend_v and_o exalt_v our_o country_n it_o allow_v we_o certain_o to_o love_v it_o and_o honour_v it_o and_o prepare_v ourselves_o so_o as_o we_o may_v be_v able_a to_o defend_v it_o but_o that_o lazy_a and_o unactive_a way_n of_o education_n and_o interpret_n thing_n false_o have_v be_v the_o cause_n that_o there_o be_v not_o so_o many_o commonwealth_n as_o former_o in_o the_o world_n nor_o so_o many_o lover_n and_o champion_n for_o their_o liberty_n and_o yet_o i_o believe_v the_o greatness_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n contribute_v something_o by_o reduce_v all_o the_o free_a state_n and_o republic_n under_o their_o dominion_n nevertheless_o when_o that_o great_a empire_n be_v break_v and_o dissolve_v very_o few_o of_o those_o poor_a state_n can_v recover_v their_o liberty_n but_o when_o it_o begin_v first_o to_o increase_v and_o extend_v itself_o no_o country_n be_v without_o they_o and_o wherever_o the_o roman_n carry_v their_o arm_n they_o find_v little_a commonwealth_n band_v and_o confederate_v against_o they_o and_o defend_v their_o liberty_n with_o all_o imaginable_a constancy_n which_o show_v that_o the_o roman_n be_v a_o people_n of_o more_o than_o ordinary_a courage_n or_o they_o can_v never_o have_v subdue_v they_o the_o samnite_n alone_o will_v be_v example_n sufficient_a who_o as_o livy_n report_v be_v so_o powerful_a and_o so_o hearty_a defender_n of_o their_o liberty_n that_o for_o 46_o year_n together_o they_o maintain_v war_n with_o the_o roman_n and_o though_o they_o have_v receive_v many_o loss_n and_o such_o devastation_n have_v be_v commit_v in_o their_o country_n yet_o they_o can_v never_o be_v whole_o reduce_v before_o the_o consulship_n of_o papyrius_n cursor_n the_o son_n of_o the_o first_o papyrius_n but_o it_o be_v a_o spectacle_n worthy_a of_o any_o man_n pity_n to_o see_v a_o country_n so_o full_a former_o of_o brave_a city_n and_o brave_a man_n and_o all_o of_o they_o free_a now_o desolate_a and_o uninhabited_a and_o scarce_o any_o body_n leave_v to_o which_o condition_n it_o can_v have_v never_o be_v reduce_v but_o by_o the_o discipline_n and_o diligence_n and_o courage_n of_o the_o roman_n but_o all_o this_o proceed_v from_o diversity_n of_o constitution_n for_o all_o city_n and_o free_a state_n whatsoever_o increase_v not_o only_o in_o riches_n and_o authority_n but_o in_o the_o number_n of_o their_o man_n for_o who_o be_v
it_o that_o have_v not_o rather_o procreate_v and_o have_v child_n where_o he_o may_v marry_v and_o enrich_v himself_o free_o than_o where_o there_o be_v danger_n that_o what_o he_o get_v painful_o and_o lay_v up_o careful_o for_o his_o child_n may_v be_v ravish_v from_o they_o by_o a_o tyrant_n in_o a_o free_a state_n you_o may_v be_v sure_a your_o child_n shall_v be_v no_o slave_n and_o that_o if_o they_o behave_v themselves_o virtuous_o they_o shall_v be_v sure_a of_o preferment_n and_o perhaps_o come_v to_o be_v prince_n riches_n increase_v there_o fast_o and_o that_o not_o only_o by_o tillage_n and_o agriculture_n but_o by_o traffic_n and_o art_n and_o people_n do_v natural_o throng_v to_o those_o place_n where_o they_o may_v get_v what_o they_o lawful_o can_v and_o keep_v secure_o what_o they_o have_v get_v the_o quite_o contrary_a happen_v in_o country_n that_o be_v servile_a and_o their_o condition_n be_v worse_a as_o their_o servitude_n be_v great_a but_o there_o be_v no_o servitude_n so_o severe_a as_o to_o depend_v upon_o a_o commonwealth_n and_o that_o for_o two_o reason_n first_o because_o it_o be_v more_o durable_a and_o less_o hope_n of_o recover_v their_o liberty_n and_o second_o because_o it_o be_v the_o practice_n of_o all_o commonwealth_n to_o impoverish_v and_o weaken_v whatever_o they_o conquer_v to_o fortify_v themselves_o which_o with_o prince_n be_v not_o the_o way_n unless_o they_o be_v very_o barbarous_a indeed_o and_o like_o the_o eastern_a prince_n who_o not_o only_o ruin_v whole_a country_n but_o destroy_v all_o human_a conversation_n but_o where_o prince_n be_v well_o institute_v they_o know_v better_a thing_n and_o do_v many_o time_n indulge_v their_o new_a conquest_n as_o much_o as_o their_o own_o territory_n leave_v they_o the_o exercise_n of_o their_o art_n and_o the_o enjoyment_n of_o their_o law_n so_o that_o though_o they_o can_v increase_v their_o wealth_n as_o where_o they_o be_v free_a yet_o they_o be_v not_o so_o subject_a to_o be_v ruin_v as_o where_o they_o be_v slave_n i_o speak_v now_o of_o servitude_n to_o a_o foreign_a prince_n for_o the_o usurpation_n of_o a_o citizen_n i_o have_v speak_v before_o all_o which_o be_v consider_v no_o wonder_n if_o the_o samnite_n whilst_o they_o enjoy_v their_o liberty_n be_v so_o courageous_a and_o strong_a and_o when_o it_o be_v once_o lose_v grow_v so_o abject_a and_o contemptible_a titus_n livius_n tell_v we_o in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o punic_a war_n that_o the_o samnite_n be_v so_o overlay_v and_o cow_v by_o one_o single_a legion_n of_o the_o roman_n at_o nola_n that_o they_o send_v ambassador_n to_o hannibal_n to_o beg_v his_o assistance_n and_o that_o the_o say_v ambassador_n in_o their_o oration_n to_o hannibal_n the_o better_a to_o move_v his_o compassion_n have_v this_o expression_n we_o be_v the_o people_n who_o for_o a_o hundred_o year_n together_o wage_v war_n with_o the_o roman_n with_o our_o own_o private_a force_n and_o bear_v up_o many_o time_n against_o two_o army_n and_o two_o consul_n at_o once_o but_o now_o our_o misery_n be_v so_o great_a and_o our_o spirit_n so_o low_a we_o be_v unable_a to_o defend_v ourselves_o against_o one_o pitiful_a legion_n chap._n iii_o it_o contribute_v much_o to_o the_o grandeur_n of_o the_o city_n of_o rome_n that_o they_o ruin_v the_o neighbour_a city_n and_o admit_v stranger_n to_o their_o own_o dignity_n and_o privilege_n crescit_fw-la interea_fw-la roma_fw-la albae_n ruinis_fw-la the_o ruin_n of_o alba_n be_v the_o rise_n of_o the_o roman_n it_o be_v the_o saying_n of_o livy_n and_o it_o be_v true_a for_o whoever_o will_v make_v any_o city_n great_a and_o apt_a for_o dominion_n must_v endeavour_v with_o all_o industry_n to_o throng_v it_o with_o inhabitant_n otherwise_o it_o will_v be_v impossible_a to_o bring_v it_o to_o any_o great_a perfection_n and_o this_o be_v do_v two_o way_n by_o love_n and_o by_o force_n the_o first_o by_o give_v passage_n and_o security_n to_o all_o person_n 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have_v be_v bring_v up_o and_o caress_v and_o advance_v by_o the_o say_v piero_n depose_v his_o benefactor_n and_o take_v away_o his_o government_n for_o his_o pain_n another_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n be_v that_o of_o coppola_n in_o our_o day_n against_o ferdinand_n of_o arragon_n though_o it_o have_v not_o the_o same_o success_n for_o coppolâ—_n be_v arrive_v at_o that_o height_n of_o authority_n that_o there_o be_v nothing_o but_o the_o bare_a name_n want_v to_o make_v he_o king_n he_o attempt_v for_o that_o and_o lose_v his_o life_n in_o the_o business_n and_o certain_o if_o any_o conspiracy_n may_v have_v succeed_v it_o be_v he_o be_v a_o person_n as_o powerful_a as_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o second_v with_o all_o the_o convenience_n he_o can_v desire_v but_o the_o same_o greediness_n of_o dominion_n that_o blind_v he_o in_o the_o undertake_n blind_v he_o in_o the_o prosecution_n of_o his_o design_n for_o have_v it_o be_v manage_v with_o the_o least_o prudence_n it_o will_v 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easy_a access_n to_o the_o prince_n we_o be_v now_o to_o inquire_v into_o the_o success_n of_o their_o plot_n and_o see_v what_o have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o prosperity_n or_o miscarriage_n and_o because_o as_o i_o say_v before_o the_o danger_n be_v considerable_a in_o the_o management_n execution_n and_o afterward_o for_o that_o reason_n there_o be_v very_o few_o of_o they_o that_o arrive_v at_o their_o propose_a end_n in_o their_o contrivance_n and_o consultation_n there_o be_v such_o extraordinary_a danger_n that_o unless_o they_o be_v carry_v on_o with_o singular_a caution_n and_o prudence_n they_o will_v be_v easy_o discover_v and_o they_o be_v discover_v two_o way_n either_o by_o downright_a impeachment_n or_o by_o conjecture_n and_o presumption_n impeachment_n proceed_v either_o from_o infidelity_n or_o folly_n in_o those_o person_n with_o who_o you_o have_v communicate_v infidelity_n be_v easy_o find_v for_o you_o can_v communicate_v in_o that_o nature_n but_o with_o such_o of_o your_o confident_n as_o you_o suppose_v will_v venture_v their_o life_n for_o you_o or_o else_o with_o such_o person_n as_o be_v dissatisfy_v with_o the_o government_n of_o such_o kind_n of_o confident_n one_o or_o two_o may_v possible_o be_v find_v but_o when_o you_o begin_v to_o multiply_v they_o and_o commit_v your_o secret_n to_o more_o you_o must_v necessary_o be_v betray_v for_o their_o affection_n to_o you_o must_v be_v very_o great_a if_o the_o apprehension_n of_o the_o danger_n and_o the_o fear_n of_o the_o punishment_n do_v not_o deter_v they_o beside_o man_n be_v many_o time_n mistake_v in_o the_o affection_n of_o their_o friend_n for_o they_o can_v never_o be_v assure_v of_o they_o till_o they_o have_v make_v experiment_n and_o to_o make_v experiment_n in_o such_o way_n as_o this_o be_v exceed_o dangerous_a and_o if_o perchance_o you_o have_v have_v trial_n of_o they_o in_o some_o other_o matter_n of_o importance_n in_o which_o they_o have_v behave_v themselves_o faithful_o and_o well_o yet_o you_o can_v take_v no_o true_a measure_n from_o that_o because_o this_o surpass_v all_o other_o danger_n whatsoever_o if_o you_o presume_v upon_o his_o discontent_n animosity_n to_o his_o prince_n you_o may_v be_v easy_o deceive_v for_o as_o soon_o as_o you_o have_v discover_v your_o design_n you_o have_v give_v he_o a_o power_n to_o reconcile_v himself_o and_o his_o rancour_n must_v be_v very_o great_a or_o your_o influence_n extraordinary_a to_o keep_v he_o faithful_a hence_o it_o be_v that_o many_o conspiracy_n be_v discover_v and_o as_o it_o be_v nip_v in_o the_o bud_n and_o when_o any_o of_o they_o be_v keep_v private_a where_o many_o person_n be_v privy_a it_o be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o miracle_n as_o that_o of_o piso_n against_o nero_n and_o in_o our_o time_n that_o of_o the_o pazzi_n against_o lorenzo_n and_o giuliano_n de_fw-fr medici_n in_o which_o thou_o fifty_o be_v concern_v it_o be_v never_o discover_v till_o it_o come_v to_o execution_n for_o discovery_n by_o indiscretion_n they_o happen_v when_o one_o of_o the_o conspirator_n talk_v careless_o so_o as_o some_o servant_n or_o three_o person_n pick_v it_o out_o as_o it_o happen_v to_o the_o son_n of_o brutus_n who_o in_o their_o negotiation_n with_o tarquin_n ambassador_n be_v overhear_v and_o accuse_v by_o one_o of_o the_o servant_n another_o way_n be_v when_o out_o of_o levity_n you_o communicate_v with_o some_o child_n or_o woman_n that_o you_o love_v or_o such_o other_o incontinent_a person_n as_o dinus_n do_v who_o be_v with_o philotas_n enter_v into_o a_o conspiracy_n against_o alexander_n the_o great_a impart_v it_o to_o a_o boy_n that_o he_o love_v call_v ficomachus_fw-la who_o tell_v it_o to_o his_o brother_n cibalinus_fw-la and_o cibalinus_fw-la discover_v it_o to_o the_o king_n as_o to_o discovery_n by_o circumstance_n and_o conjecture_n we_o have_v a_o example_n in_o the_o pisonian_n conspiracy_n against_o
door_n that_o be_v open_v to_o their_o ambition_n set_v they_o agog_o and_o abolish_v all_o that_o love_n which_o they_o owe_v to_o their_o prince_n for_o his_o humanity_n towards_o they_o as_o in_o this_o example_n of_o the_o friend_n and_o army_n of_o scipio_n wherefore_o scipio_n be_v constrain_v to_o make_v use_n of_o that_o severity_n in_o some_o measure_n which_o he_o have_v always_o decline_v as_o to_o hannibal_n there_o be_v not_o any_o particular_a example_n where_o his_o cruelty_n or_o infidelity_n do_v he_o hurt_v only_o it_o may_v be_v suppose_v that_o they_o be_v the_o occasion_n why_o naples_n and_o several_a other_o town_n stand_v so_o firm_a to_o the_o roman_n it_o be_v plain_a likewise_o that_o his_o bloodiness_n and_o impiety_n make_v he_o more_o odious_a to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n than_o all_o the_o enemy_n that_o ever_o that_o city_n have_v for_o whereas_o when_o pyrrhus_n be_v with_o a_o great_a army_n in_o italy_n they_o give_v he_o notice_n of_o a_o design_n on_o foot_n to_o have_v poison_v he_o they_o be_v so_o inveterate_a against_o hannibal_n that_o they_o never_o forgive_v he_o but_o when_o they_o have_v defeat_v and_o disarm_v he_o they_o pursue_v he_o to_o the_o death_n and_o these_o sad_a inconvenience_n happen_v to_o hannibal_n from_o no_o other_o cause_n but_o because_o he_o be_v impious_a unfaithful_a and_o cruel_a but_o then_o on_o the_o other_o side_n he_o have_v the_o advantage_n of_o be_v admire_v of_o all_o writer_n for_o keep_v his_o army_n without_o any_o mutiny_n or_o dissension_n either_o against_o he_o or_o among_o themselves_o though_o it_o consist_v of_o so_o many_o different_a nation_n which_o can_v be_v derive_v from_o nothing_o but_o the_o awe_n and_o terror_n of_o his_o person_n which_o terror_n be_v so_o great_a consider_v with_o the_o reputation_n and_o authority_n that_o he_o receive_v from_o his_o valour_n that_o thereby_o he_o keep_v his_o soldier_n unite_v and_o quiet_a i_o conclude_v therefore_o it_o import_v not_o much_o which_o way_n a_o general_n take_v so_o there_o be_v any_o great_a excellence_n in_o he_o to_o recommend_v it_o for_o as_o be_v say_v before_o both_o in_o the_o one_o and_o the_o other_o there_o be_v danger_n and_o defect_n if_o there_o be_v not_o some_o extraordinary_a virtue_n to_o balance_v it_o and_o if_o hannibal_n and_o scipio_n one_o by_o laudable_a and_o the_o other_o by_o ignominous_a and_o detestable_a way_n arrive_v at_o the_o same_o end_n and_o have_v the_o same_o effect_n i_o think_v it_o convenient_a in_o my_o next_o chapter_n to_o discourse_n of_o two_o roman_a citizen_n who_o by_o divers_a way_n but_o both_o honourable_a arrive_v at_o the_o same_o pitch_n of_o glory_n and_o renown_n chap._n ii_o how_o the_o austerity_n of_o manlius_n torquatus_n and_o the_o humanity_n of_o valerius_n corvinus_n gain_v each_o of_o they_o the_o same_o honour_n and_o reputation_n there_o be_v two_o famous_a captain_n contemporary_a in_o rome_n manlius_n torquatus_n and_o valerius_n corvinus_n both_o of_o they_o equal_a in_o courage_n equal_a in_o their_o triumph_n and_o each_o of_o they_o as_o to_o the_o enemy_n acquire_v all_o with_o equal_a virtue_n and_o terror_n but_o as_o to_o their_o own_o army_n and_o manner_n of_o discipline_n it_o be_v quite_o different_a manlius_n command_v with_o all_o kind_n of_o severity_n excuse_v his_o soldier_n from_o no_o labour_n nor_o no_o punishment_n valerius_n on_o the_o other_o side_n use_v they_o with_o as_o much_o gentleness_n and_o familiarity_n manlius_n to_o keep_v his_o soldier_n strict_o to_o their_o discipline_n execute_v his_o own_o son_n which_o valerius_n be_v so_o far_o from_o imitate_v that_o he_o never_o offend_v any_o man_n yet_o in_o this_o great_a diversity_n of_o conduct_n the_o effect_n be_v the_o same_o both_o as_o to_o the_o enemy_n the_o commonwealth_n and_o themselves_o for_o none_o of_o their_o soldier_n ever_o decline_v fight_v none_o of_o they_o rebel_v or_o so_o much_o as_o dispute_v their_o command_n though_o the_o discipline_n of_o manlius_n be_v so_o severe_a that_o afterward_o all_o excessive_a and_o extravagant_a command_n be_v call_v manliana_n imperia_fw-la in_o which_o place_n it_o be_v not_o amiss_o to_o inquire_v how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o manlius_n be_v constrain_v to_o so_o rigorous_a a_o method_n what_o it_o be_v that_o make_v valerius_n comport_v himself_o so_o mild_o how_o it_o be_v that_o this_o different_a way_n of_o proceed_v shall_v have_v the_o same_o effect_n and_o last_o of_o all_o which_o of_o the_o two_o be_v most_o worthy_a thy_o to_o be_v imitate_v if_o manlius_n be_v consider_v as_o he_o be_v represent_v by_o the_o historian_n he_o will_v be_v find_v to_o be_v very_o valiant_a carry_v himself_o with_o great_a piety_n to_o his_o father_n and_o country_n and_o with_o great_a reverence_n to_o his_o superior_n which_o appear_v by_o his_o defence_n of_o his_o father_n with_o the_o hazard_n of_o his_o own_o life_n against_o a_o tribune_n who_o accuse_v he_o and_o by_o his_o fight_n with_o the_o gaul_n in_o the_o behalf_n of_o his_o country_n which_o notwithstanding_o he_o will_v not_o undertake_v without_o order_n from_o the_o consul_n for_o when_o he_o see_v a_o vast_a man_n of_o a_o prodigious_a proportion_n march_v forth_o upon_o the_o bridge_n and_o challenge_v any_o of_o the_o roman_n he_o go_v modest_o to_o the_o consul_n for_o leave_v and_o tell_v he_o injussa_fw-la tuo_fw-la adversus_fw-la hostem_fw-la nunquam_fw-la pugnabo_fw-la non_fw-la si_fw-la certain_a victoriam_fw-la videam_fw-la without_o your_o permission_n i_o will_v never_o engage_v with_o the_o enemy_n though_o i_o be_v sure_a to_o overcome_v and_o the_o consul_n give_v he_o leave_v he_o conquer_v his_o enemy_n when_o therefore_o a_o man_n of_o his_o constitution_n arrive_v at_o such_o a_o command_n he_o desire_v all_o man_n may_v be_v as_o punctual_a as_o himself_o and_o be_v natural_o brave_a he_o command_v brave_a thing_n and_o when_o they_o be_v once_o command_v require_v that_o they_o be_v execute_v exact_o and_o this_o be_v a_o certain_a rule_n when_o great_a thing_n be_v command_v strict_a obedience_n must_v be_v expect_v otherwise_o your_o enterprise_n must_v fail_v that_o therefore_o those_o under_o your_o command_n may_v be_v the_o more_o obedient_a to_o your_o command_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o you_o command_v aright_o and_o he_o command_v right_a who_o compare_v his_o own_o quality_n and_o condition_n with_o the_o quality_n and_o condition_n of_o those_o they_o command_v if_o he_o find_v they_o proportionable_a than_o he_o may_v command_v if_o otherwise_o he_o be_v to_o forbear_v and_o therefore_o that_o say_n be_v not_o amiss_o that_o to_o keep_v a_o commonwealth_n in_o subjection_n by_o violence_n it_o be_v convenient_a that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o proportion_n betwixt_o the_o person_n force_v and_o force_v and_o whilst_o that_o proportion_n last_v the_o violence_n may_v last_v too_o but_o when_o that_o proportion_n be_v dissolve_v and_o he_o that_o be_v force_v grow_v strong_a than_o he_o that_o offer_v it_o it_o be_v to_o be_v doubt_v much_o his_o authority_n will_v not_o hold_v long_o but_o to_o return_v great_a thing_n therefore_o and_o magnificent_a be_v not_o to_o be_v command_v but_o by_o a_o man_n that_o be_v great_a and_o magnificent_a himself_o and_o he_o who_o be_v so_o constitute_v have_v once_o command_v they_o can_v expect_v that_o mildness_n or_o gentleness_n will_v prevail_v with_o his_o subject_n to_o execute_v they_o but_o he_o that_o be_v not_o of_o this_o greatness_n and_o magnificence_n of_o mind_n be_v by_o no_o mean_n to_o command_v extraordinary_a thing_n and_o if_o his_o command_n be_v but_o ordinary_a his_o humanity_n may_v do_v well_o enough_o for_o ordinary_a punishment_n be_v not_o impute_v to_o the_o prince_n but_o to_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o place_n so_o that_o we_o may_v conclude_v manlius_n be_v constrain_v to_o that_o severity_n by_o his_o natural_a temper_n and_o complexion_n and_o such_o person_n be_v many_o time_n of_o great_a importance_n to_o a_o commonwealth_n because_o by_o the_o exactness_n of_o their_o own_o life_n and_o the_o strictness_n of_o their_o discipline_n they_o revive_v the_o old_a law_n and_o reduce_v every_o thing_n towards_o its_o first_o principle_n and_o if_o a_o state_n can_v be_v so_o happy_a to_o have_v such_o person_n succeed_v one_o another_o in_o any_o reasonable_a time_n as_o by_o their_o example_n will_v not_o only_o renew_v the_o law_n restrain_v vice_n and_o remove_v every_o thing_n that_o tend_v to_o its_o ruin_n or_o corruption_n that_o state_n will_v be_v immortal_a so_o then_o manlius_n be_v a_o severe_a man_n and_o keep_v up_o the_o roman_a discipline_n exact_o prompt_v first_o by_o his_o own_o nature_n and_o then_o by_o a_o strong_a desire_n to_o have_v that_o obey_v which_o his_o own_o inclination_n have_v constrain_v he_o to_o
convenient_a and_o particular_o for_o the_o state_n for_o it_o never_o do_v hurt_v if_o the_o hatred_n which_o follow_v your_o severity_n be_v not_o increase_v by_o a_o jealousy_n of_o your_o great_a virtue_n and_o reputation_n as_o it_o happen_v to_o camillus_n chap._n xxiii_o upon_o what_o occasion_n camillus_n be_v banish_v from_o rome_n we_o have_v conclude_v in_o the_o chapter_n before_o that_o to_o imitate_v valerius_n may_v prejudice_v your_o country_n and_o yourself_o and_o that_o to_o imitate_v manlius_n may_v be_v convenient_a for_o yourself_o and_o prejudicial_a to_o your_o country_n which_o opinion_n be_v much_o confirm_v by_o the_o case_n of_o camillus_n who_o proceed_n be_v more_o like_a manlius_n than_o valerius_n for_o which_o reason_n livy_n speak_v of_o he_o tell_v we_o ejus_fw-la virtutem_fw-la milites_fw-la oderantâ—_n &_o mirabantur_fw-la his_o virtue_n be_v both_o odious_a and_o admirable_a to_o his_o soldier_n that_o which_o make_v he_o admire_v be_v his_o diligence_n prudence_n magnanimity_n and_o conduct_v that_o which_o make_v he_o hate_v be_v that_o he_o be_v more_o severe_a in_o punish_v than_o liberal_a in_o reward_v and_o of_o this_o hatred_n livy_n give_v these_o follow_a reason_n first_o because_o he_o cause_v the_o money_n which_o be_v make_v of_o the_o good_n of_o the_o vejente_n to_o be_v apply_v to_o public_a use_n and_o not_o distribute_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o prey_n next_o because_o in_o his_o triumphal_a chariot_n he_o cause_v himself_o to_o be_v draw_v by_o four_o white_a horse_n which_o be_v account_v so_o great_a a_o piece_n of_o arrogance_n that_o it_o be_v think_v he_o do_v it_o to_o equalise_v the_o sun_n a_o three_o be_v that_o he_o have_v devote_v a_o ten_o part_n of_o the_o spoil_n of_o the_o vejente_n to_o apollo_n which_o to_o keep_v his_o vow_n be_v to_o be_v take_v back_o again_o from_o the_o soldier_n who_o have_v get_v it_o in_o their_o clutch_n from_o whence_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v that_o nothing_o make_v a_o prince_n more_o odious_a to_o the_o people_n than_o to_o deprive_v they_o of_o their_o possession_n which_o be_v a_o thing_n of_o so_o great_a importance_n that_o it_o be_v never_o forget_v because_o upon_o every_o little_a want_n it_o come_v fresh_a into_o their_o memory_n and_o man_n be_v daily_a subject_n to_o those_o want_n will_v daily_o remember_v it_o and_o next_o to_o this_o be_v be_v insolent_a and_o proud_a which_o be_v likewise_o extreme_o odious_a to_o the_o people_n especial_o if_o they_o be_v free_a and_o although_o perhaps_o no_o detriment_n accrue_v to_o they_o from_o his_o pride_n yet_o they_o be_v observe_v always_o to_o detest_v he_o that_o use_v it_o so_o that_o a_o great_a person_n be_v to_o avoid_v it_o as_o a_o rock_n because_o it_o beget_v hatred_n and_o that_o without_o any_o advantage_n which_o make_v it_o a_o very_a rash_a and_o imprudent_a thing_n chap._n xxiv_o the_o prolongation_n of_o commission_n bring_v rome_n first_o into_o servitude_n if_o the_o dissolution_n of_o the_o roman_a commonwealth_n be_v accurate_o consider_v it_o will_v be_v find_v to_o proceed_v partly_o from_o the_o difference_n about_o the_o agrarian_a law_n and_o partly_o from_o the_o prorogation_n of_o their_o magistrate_n which_o error_n have_v they_o be_v know_v in_o time_n and_o due_a remedy_n apply_v will_v not_o have_v be_v so_o pernicious_a but_o rome_n may_v have_v enjoy_v her_o freedom_n long_o and_o perhaps_o with_o more_o quiet_a for_o though_o from_o the_o prolongation_n of_o office_n there_o be_v no_o tumult_n noâ—_n sedition_n to_o be_v see_v in_o that_o city_n yet_o it_o be_v clear_a that_o those_o magistrate_n which_o be_v continue_v take_v much_o upon_o they_o and_o by_o degree_n their_o power_n and_o authority_n become_v a_o great_a prejudice_n to_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o state_n have_v all_o the_o citizen_n who_o be_v continue_v be_v wise_a and_o honest_a like_o l._n quintius_n they_o will_v not_o have_v incur_v this_o inconvenience_n the_o goodness_n of_o quintius_n appear_v in_o one_o thing_n very_o remarkable_o a_o meeting_n be_v appoint_v for_o accommodation_n of_o the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o nobility_n and_o the_o people_n the_o people_n continue_v their_o authority_n to_o their_o tribune_n another_o year_n as_o believe_v they_o very_o proper_a to_o resist_v the_o ambition_n of_o the_o noble_n the_o senate_n to_o retaliate_v upon_o the_o people_n and_o show_v themselves_o as_o considerable_a as_o they_o continue_v the_o consulship_n to_o quintius_n but_o quintius_n refuse_v it_o absolute_o allege_v that_o ill_a example_n be_v to_o be_v stifle_v and_o not_o increase_v by_o other_o that_o be_v worse_o and_o therefore_o press_v they_o to_o the_o election_n of_o new_a consul_n and_o prevail_v with_o much_o importunity_n and_o contention_n have_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o roman_a citizen_n imitate_v this_o person_n they_o have_v never_o admit_v that_o custom_n of_o prorogue_v of_o magistrate_n and_o then_o the_o prolongation_n of_o their_o command_n in_o the_o army_n have_v never_o be_v introduce_v which_o very_a thing_n be_v at_o length_n the_o ruin_n of_o that_o commonwealth_n the_o first_o person_n who_o commission_n be_v continue_v in_o rome_n be_v p._n philo_n who_o have_v besiege_v pale-polis_a and_o by_o the_o time_n his_o consulship_n be_v to_o expire_v reduce_v it_o to_o such_o extremity_n that_o the_o victory_n seem_v already_o in_o his_o hand_n the_o senate_n will_v not_o send_v another_o to_o succeed_v he_o but_o continue_v his_o authority_n with_o the_o title_n of_o proconsul_n which_o thing_n though_o do_v then_o upon_o grave_a consideration_n and_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o public_a prove_v afterward_o of_o such_o ill_a consequence_n that_o it_o bring_v that_o city_n in_o servitude_n and_o slavery_n for_o by_o how_o much_o their_o war_n be_v more_o remote_a by_o so_o much_o they_o think_v these_o prorogation_n convenient_a from_o whence_o it_o happen_v that_o few_o of_o the_o roman_n be_v prepare_v for_o military_a command_n and_o the_o glory_n of_o their_o victory_n redound_v but_o to_o few_o and_o beside_o he_o who_o commission_n be_v renew_v and_o have_v be_v a_o long_a time_n accustom_v to_o the_o army_n may_v insinuate_v so_o and_o gain_v such_o a_o interest_n in_o it_o as_o may_v make_v it_o disclaim_v the_o senate_n and_o acknowledge_v no_o head_n but_o their_o general_n this_o it_o be_v that_o enable_v marius_n and_o sylla_n to_o debauch_v the_o army_n this_o be_v it_o that_o enable_v caesar_n to_o conquer_v his_o native_a country_n which_o misery_n have_v never_o happen_v have_v not_o that_o custom_n of_o continue_v magistrate_n and_o commander_n be_v introduce_v if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o their_o great_a affair_n can_v not_o have_v be_v manage_v as_o so_o great_a a_o distance_n without_o that_o prorogation_n of_o command_n i_o answer_v that_o it_o be_v possible_a their_o empire_n may_v have_v be_v long_o before_o it_o come_v to_o that_o height_n but_o than_o it_o will_v have_v be_v more_o last_a for_o the_o adversary_n will_v never_o have_v be_v able_a to_o have_v erect_v a_o monarchy_n and_o destroy_v their_o liberty_n so_o soon_o chap._n xxv_o of_o the_o poverty_n of_o cincinnatus_n and_o several_a other_o citizen_n of_o rome_n we_o have_v say_v elsewhere_o that_o nothing_o be_v of_o more_o importance_n to_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o liberty_n of_o a_o state_n than_o to_o keep_v the_o citizen_n low_a and_o from_o be_v too_o wealthy_a whether_o there_o be_v any_o law_n to_o that_o purpose_n or_o what_o that_o law_n be_v i_o must_v acknowledge_v my_o ignorance_n especial_o when_o i_o consider_v with_o what_o zealand_n passion_n the_o agrarian_a be_v oppose_v yet_o it_o be_v clear_a by_o experience_n that_o for_o 400_o year_n after_o the_o build_n of_o rome_n that_o city_n be_v in_o very_o great_a poverty_n and_o it_o be_v probable_a the_o great_a cause_n of_o it_o be_v that_o poverty_n be_v no_o impediment_n to_o preferment_n virtue_n be_v the_o only_a thing_n require_v in_o the_o election_n of_o magistrate_n and_o the_o distribution_n of_o office_n and_o wherever_o it_o be_v find_v let_v the_o person_n or_o family_n be_v never_o so_o poor_a it_o be_v sure_a to_o be_v advance_v which_o manner_n of_o live_v make_v riches_n contemptible_a and_o this_o be_v manifest_a by_o the_o follow_a example_n minutius_n the_o consul_n be_v circumvent_v and_o he_o and_o his_o whole_a army_n as_o it_o be_v block_v up_o by_o the_o aequi_n the_o roman_n be_v so_o possess_v with_o the_o danger_n of_o their_o army_n that_o they_o betake_v themselves_o to_o the_o creation_n of_o a_o dictator_n which_o be_v their_o last_o remedy_n in_o their_o great_a affliction_n they_o conclude_v upon_o l._n quintius_n cincinnatus_n who_o be_v then_o when_o they_o send_v for_o he_o in_o a_o little_a country_n farm_n at_o plough_n which_o livy_n magnify_v exceed_o
future_a shall_v be_v treat_v the_o same_o way_n and_o thus_o they_o prevent_v all_o proposition_n of_o peace_n and_o render_v their_o soldier_n obstinate_a and_o implacable_a to_o the_o carthaginian_n chap._n xxxiii_o to_o the_o obtain_v a_o victory_n it_o be_v necessary_a your_o army_n have_v a_o confidence_n not_o only_o in_o one_o another_o but_o in_o their_o general_n to_o win_v a_o battle_n and_o overcome_v a_o enemy_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o give_v your_o army_n such_o a_o confidence_n as_o may_v make_v they_o believe_v that_o nothing_o be_v able_a to_o withstand_v they_o and_o the_o way_n of_o infuse_v this_o confidence_n be_v by_o arm_v and_o exercise_v they_o well_o and_o give_v they_o a_o knowledge_n and_o acquaintance_n one_o with_o the_o other_o which_o confidence_n and_o acquaintance_n be_v not_o to_o be_v expect_v but_o where_o your_o soldier_n be_v your_o own_o subject_n and_o have_v be_v bring_v up_o together_o the_o general_n be_v to_o be_v so_o qualify_v that_o the_o soldier_n may_v have_v confidence_n in_o his_o wisdom_n and_o conduct_v and_o they_o will_v always_o have_v such_o a_o confidence_n if_o they_o see_v he_o careful_a and_o regular_a and_o courageous_a and_o one_o who_o preserve_v the_o majesty_n of_o his_o command_n with_o discretion_n and_o reputation_n which_o he_o will_v do_v if_o he_o punish_v strict_o and_o put_v his_o soldier_n upon_o no_o overhard_a and_o impertinent_a duty_n keep_v his_o promise_n represent_v victory_n easy_a either_o by_o conceal_v or_o extenuate_v the_o danger_n or_o by_o encourage_v they_o brave_o against_o they_o and_o these_o thing_n right_o observe_v be_v of_o great_a consequence_n both_o to_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o general_n and_o the_o obtain_v the_o victory_n the_o way_n which_o the_o roman_n take_v to_o give_v this_o assurance_n to_o their_o army_n be_v by_o pretence_n of_o religion_n for_o which_o cause_n before_o the_o creation_n of_o their_o consul_n the_o raise_n or_o march_v or_o engage_v of_o their_o army_n their_o augur_n and_o auspex_n be_v consult_v and_o without_o some_o of_o these_o no_o wise_a general_n will_v undertake_v any_o great_a enterprise_n believe_v they_o shall_v certain_o miscarry_v unless_o the_o soldier_n be_v thorough_o convince_v that_o the_o god_n be_v on_o their_o side_n and_o when_o any_o of_o their_o consul_n or_o other_o commander_n fight_v in_o defiance_n of_o these_o auspex_n he_o be_v punish_v as_o claudius_n pulcher_n for_o despise_v the_o omen_n of_o the_o chicken_n and_o although_o this_o be_v obvious_a in_o every_o part_n of_o the_o roman_a history_n yet_o it_o be_v better_a prove_v by_o the_o complaint_n of_o appius_n claudius_n to_o the_o people_n against_o the_o insolence_n of_o their_o tribune_n where_o he_o tell_v they_o that_o by_o their_o mean_n the_o auspex_n and_o other_o religious_a custom_n be_v neglect_v or_o corrupt_v his_o word_n be_v these_o eludant_fw-la nunc_fw-la licet_fw-la religionem_fw-la quid_fw-la enim_fw-la interest_n si_fw-la pulli_fw-la non_fw-la pascentur_fw-la si_fw-la ex_fw-la cavea_fw-la tardirt_n exierint_fw-la succinuerit_fw-la avis_fw-fr parvasunt_fw-la haec_fw-la sed_fw-la parvaista_fw-la non_fw-la contemnendo_fw-la majores_fw-la nostri_fw-la maximam_fw-la hanc_fw-la rempublicam_fw-la fecerunt_fw-la let_v they_o laugh_v at_o religion_n as_o they_o please_v and_o cry_v what_o be_v we_o concern_v if_o the_o pullet_n will_v eat_v if_o they_o come_v lazy_o out_o of_o their_o penn_n or_o if_o a_o bird_n be_v dispose_v to_o sing_v it_o be_v true_a they_o be_v but_o trifle_n yet_o by_o not_o despise_v those_o trifle_n our_o ancestor_n bring_v this_o commonwealth_n to_o the_o grandeur_n it_o be_v at_o and_o it_o be_v true_a for_o those_o little_a thing_n be_v sufficient_a to_o keep_v the_o soldier_n confident_a and_o unite_a which_o be_v two_o thing_n go_v very_o far_o in_o a_o victory_n though_o without_o virture_n and_o valour_n they_o be_v not_o always_o successful_a the_o prenestini_n be_v in_o the_o field_n with_o their_o army_n against_o the_o roman_n they_o go_v and_o lodge_v themselves_o upon_o the_o river_n allia_n in_o a_o place_n where_o the_o roman_n have_v be_v beat_v by_o the_o french_a that_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o place_n may_v be_v a_o encouragement_n to_o their_o own_o man_n and_o a_o terror_n to_o the_o roman_n and_o though_o this_o design_n be_v not_o improbable_a for_o the_o reason_n abovesaid_a yet_o it_o appear_v by_o the_o success_n that_o true_a courage_n be_v not_o disturb_v by_o every_o little_a accident_n as_o be_v well_o express_v by_o the_o dictator_n to_o his_o master_n of_o the_o house_n vides_fw-la tu_fw-la fortuna_fw-la illos_fw-la fretos_fw-la ad_fw-la alliam_fw-la consedisse_fw-la at_o tu_fw-la fretus_fw-la armis_fw-la animisque_fw-la invade_v mediam_fw-la acien_fw-fr you_o see_v by_o their_o post_a themselves_o upon_o the_o allia_n they_o rely_v whole_o upon_o fortune_n do_v you_o trust_v to_o your_o arm_n end_v your_o courage_n and_o attack_v their_o main_a battle_n and_o he_o be_v in_o the_o right_a for_o true_a courage_n good_a discipline_n and_o a_o confidence_n arise_v from_o so_o many_o victory_n can_v be_v discompose_v by_o such_o frivolous_a stratagem_n light_a thing_n will_v not_o dismay_v they_o nor_o every_o disorder_n distract_v they_o for_o even_o in_o the_o absence_n of_o their_o officer_n soldiers_z that_o be_v expert_a and_o accustom_v to_o arm_n be_v not_o easy_o beat_v as_o appear_v by_o the_o two_o manlii_n both_o consul_n and_o make_v war_n upon_o the_o volsci_n who_o have_v indiscreet_o send_v part_n of_o their_o army_n to_o forage_v it_o fall_v out_o that_o both_o the_o command_v party_n and_o those_o which_o be_v leave_v behind_o be_v encompass_v by_o the_o enemy_n and_o as_o it_o be_v besiege_v both_o at_o a_o time_n out_o of_o which_o danger_n the_o soldier_n be_v deliver_v more_o by_o their_o own_o courage_n than_o any_o conduct_n in_o the_o consul_n whereupon_o livy_n tell_v we_o militum_fw-la etiam_fw-la sine_fw-la rectore_fw-la stabilis_fw-la virtus_fw-la tutata_fw-la est_fw-la the_o steadfast_a courage_n of_o the_o soldier_n defend_v they_o without_o any_o help_n from_o their_o general_n fabius_n have_v likewise_o a_o excellent_a way_n to_o confirm_v his_o soldier_n and_o possess_v they_o with_o a_o confidence_n which_o i_o can_v omit_v have_v invade_v tuscany_n with_o a_o new_a army_n suppose_v the_o novelty_n of_o the_o country_n and_o their_o inexperience_n of_o that_o enemy_n may_v have_v some_o influence_n among_o they_o to_o give_v they_o a_o confidence_n he_o call_v they_o together_o before_o the_o battle_n and_o have_v in_o a_o grave_a oration_n give_v several_a reason_n why_o they_o may_v hope_v for_o the_o victory_n he_o tell_v they_o that_o he_o have_v another_o reason_n behind_o more_o certain_a than_o all_o of_o they_o but_o in_o that_o he_o must_v be_v private_a for_o to_o discover_v it_o will_v be_v to_o defeat_v it_o a_o wise_a way_n and_o deserve_v well_o to_o be_v imitate_v chap._n xxxiv_o what_o vogue_n fame_n or_o opinion_n dispose_v the_o people_n first_o to_o favour_v some_o particular_a citizen_n and_o whether_o they_o or_o a_o prince_n distribute_v their_o office_n with_o most_o prudence_n and_o judgement_n we_o have_v show_v before_o how_o titus_n manlius_n call_v afterward_o torquatus_n preserve_v his_o father_n l._n manlius_n from_o a_o accusation_n which_o pomponius_n the_o tribune_n have_v exhibit_v against_o he_o to_o the_o people_n and_o although_o the_o way_n which_o he_o take_v to_o preserve_v he_o be_v violent_a and_o irregular_a yet_o his_o filial_a affection_n to_o his_o father_n be_v so_o grateful_a to_o the_o people_n that_o they_o not_o only_o not_o reprehend_v he_o for_o what_o he_o have_v do_v but_o advance_v he_o to_o honour_n for_o be_v not_o long_o after_o to_o choose_v tribune_n for_o their_o legion_n t._n manlius_n be_v the_o second_o that_o be_v make_v and_o here_o i_o think_v it_o not_o amiss_o to_o consider_v the_o way_n which_o the_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n take_v in_o the_o distribution_n of_o their_o honour_n and_o election_n of_o magistrate_n and_o to_o inquire_v into_o the_o truth_n of_o what_o i_o assert_v before_o that_o the_o distribution_n of_o the_o people_n be_v better_o and_o more_o exact_a than_o the_o distribution_n of_o a_o prince_n for_o the_o people_n follow_v the_o common_a and_o public_a character_n of_o every_o man_n unless_o by_o some_o particular_a notion_n of_o his_o action_n they_o presume_v or_o believe_v otherwise_o there_o be_v three_o way_n by_o which_o a_o man_n may_v gain_v esteem_n and_o reputation_n with_o the_o people_n the_o first_o be_v by_o extraction_n when_o the_o parent_n have_v be_v great_a man_n and_o serviceable_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n the_o people_n take_v a_o fancy_n that_o their_o child_n must_v of_o necessity_n be_v the_o same_o until_o by_o some_o ill_a act_n they_o convince_v they_o of_o the_o contrary_n the_o second_o way_n be_v to_o associate_v with_o grave_a
of_o they_o do_v their_o office_n according_a to_o the_o intent_n of_o their_o establishment_n first_o your_o capidieci_fw-la or_o file-leader_n if_o they_o answer_v the_o end_n for_o which_o they_o be_v establish_v be_v to_o have_v their_o man_n apart_o lodge_v with_o they_o charge_v with_o they_o and_o be_v always_o in_o the_o same_o file_n with_o they_o for_o be_v keep_v to_o their_o due_a place_n the_o file-leader_n be_v a_o rule_n and_o temper_n to_o the_o rest_n keep_v they_o firm_a and_o straight_o in_o their_o file_n so_o as_o it_o be_v impossible_a almost_o that_o they_o be_v disorder_v and_o if_o they_o be_v they_o be_v quick_o reduce_v but_o in_o our_o day_n we_o make_v no_o otherwise_o of_o they_o but_o to_o give_v they_o great_a pay_n and_o enable_v they_o to_o make_v particular_a faction_n it_o be_v the_o same_o with_o our_o ensign_n for_o they_o be_v use_v more_o for_o pomp_n and_o parade_n than_o any_o military_a service_n whereas_o former_o the_o captain_n employ_v they_o as_o guide_v and_o direction_n in_o case_n of_o disorder_n for_o every_o man_n as_o soon_o as_o the_o ensign_n be_v fix_v know_v his_o place_n immediate_o and_o immediate_o return_v to_o it_o they_o know_v likewise_o thereby_o how_o they_o be_v to_o move_v or_o to_o halt_v it_o be_v necessary_a therefore_o in_o a_o army_n that_o there_o be_v several_a of_o these_o small_a body_n that_o every_o body_n have_v its_o colour_n and_o ensign_n and_o guide_n for_o where_o there_o be_v many_o body_n there_o ought_v to_o be_v many_o arm_n and_o many_o officer_n the_o soldier_n then_o be_v to_o follow_v the_o motion_n of_o their_o colour_n and_o their_o colour_n the_o direction_n of_o their_o drum_n which_o be_v well_o order_v command_v the_o army_n and_o advertize_n how_o they_o be_v to_o march_v with_o a_o motion_n suitable_a to_o the_o time_n which_o it_o beat_v which_o be_v a_o great_a preservation_n to_o their_o order_n for_o this_o cause_n the_o ancient_n have_v their_o flute_n and_o pipe_n which_o make_v a_o excellent_a harmony_n and_o as_o he_o that_o dance_v keep_v himself_o exact_o to_o the_o time_n of_o the_o music_n and_o whilst_o he_o do_v so_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o err_v so_o a_o army_n that_o in_o its_o motion_n observe_v the_o beat_n and_o direction_n of_o its_o drum_n can_v be_v easy_o disorder_v for_o this_o reason_n they_o vary_v their_o sound_n when_o they_o will_v excite_v or_o assuage_v or_o continue_v the_o courage_n of_o their_o man_n and_o as_o their_o way_n of_o beat_v be_v various_a so_o they_o give_v they_o several_a name_n the_o doric_a way_n provoke_v to_o constancy_n and_o firmness_n the_o phrygian_a inflame_v the_o soldier_n into_o a_o martial_a fury_n and_o violence_n it_o be_v report_v that_o alexander_n be_v one_o day_n at_o dinner_n and_o hear_v a_o drum_n beat_v sudden_o the_o phrygian_a way_n be_v transport_v with_o so_o great_a a_o vehemence_n and_o commotion_n that_o he_o clap_v his_o hand_n upon_o his_o sword_n and_o draw_v it_o as_o if_o he_o have_v be_v go_v to_o fight_v so_o that_o in_o my_o judgement_n it_o will_v be_v very_o convenient_a to_o revive_v the_o ancient_a dialect_n of_o the_o drum_n and_o practice_n of_o our_o ancestor_n and_o if_o that_o shall_v prove_v too_o difficult_a yet_o those_o person_n shall_v not_o be_v despise_v and_o lay_v aside_o who_o will_v teach_v and_o instruct_v the_o soldier_n how_o to_o obey_v they_o yet_o those_o way_n may_v be_v change_v and_o vary_v as_o every_o man_n please_v provide_v he_o ensure_v his_o soldier_n ear_n to_o understand_v the_o variety_n but_o now_o a-days_o the_o great_a use_n of_o the_o drum_n be_v to_o make_v a_o great_a noise_n cosimo_n i_o will_v fain_o know_v of_o you_o if_o you_o have_v ever_o consider_v it_o with_o yourself_o how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o such_o military_a exercise_n be_v in_o our_o time_n grow_v so_o low_a and_o contemptible_a fabr._n i_o shall_v tell_v you_o free_o what_o i_o think_v may_v be_v the_o cause_n chap._n xiii_o a_o discourse_n of_o the_o author_n about_o military_a virtue_n and_o how_o it_o be_v become_v so_o despicable_a in_o our_o day_n fabr._n you_o know_v europe_n according_a to_o the_o testimony_n of_o several_a author_n have_v afford_v many_o excellent_a captain_n africa_n have_v have_v some_o and_o asia_n few_o and_o the_o reason_n as_o i_o conceive_v be_v because_o those_o two_o quarter_n of_o the_o world_n have_v have_v but_o one_o or_o two_o monarchy_n among_o they_o and_o very_o few_o commonwealth_n but_o europe_n have_v have_v several_a kingdom_n and_o more_o commonwealth_n and_o man_n be_v industrious_a and_o by_o consequence_n excellent_a as_o they_o be_v employ_v and_o prefer_v by_o their_o prince_n or_o their_o state_n where_o therefore_o there_o be_v many_o prince_n there_o be_v many_o brave_a man_n where_o there_o be_v but_o few_o of_o the_o first_o there_o be_v few_o of_o the_o other_o we_o find_v in_o asia_n there_o be_v ninus_n cyrus_n artaxerxes_n mithridates_n and_o some_o few_o other_o of_o that_o rank_n in_o africa_n beside_o the_o egyptian_a antiquity_n there_o be_v massinissa_n jugurtha_n and_o those_o great_a captain_n which_o be_v train_v up_o in_o the_o carthaginian_a war_n which_o notwithstanding_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o number_n which_o have_v be_v produce_v in_o europe_n be_v very_o few_o for_o in_o europe_n their_o brave_a general_n be_v innumerable_a in_o history_n or_o at_o least_o they_o will_v have_v be_v have_v the_o historian_n with_o those_o they_o have_v already_o record_v make_v mention_n of_o such_o as_o be_v now_o forget_v by_o the_o malignity_n of_o time_n for_o there_o people_n be_v more_o virtuous_a where_o there_o have_v be_v frequent_a revolution_n of_o state_n and_o where_o the_o government_n have_v favour_v virtue_n either_o out_o of_o necessity_n or_o compassion_n as_o for_o asia_n it_o have_v not_o produce_v many_o extraordinary_a man_n because_o that_o province_n be_v whole_o under_o a_o monarchy_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o its_o greatness_n the_o great_a part_n of_o it_o be_v always_o at_o peace_n can_v not_o produce_v such_o excellent_a man_n as_o where_o there_o be_v action_n and_o war_n in_o africa_n it_o be_v the_o same_o yet_o there_o they_o be_v more_o numerous_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o carthaginian_a republic_n for_o commonwealth_n do_v furnish_v the_o world_n with_o more_o brave_a man_n than_o kingdom_n because_o in_o state_n virtue_n be_v many_o time_n honour_v and_o advance_v in_o monarchy_n and_o kingdom_n it_o be_v suspect_v from_o whence_o it_o proceed_v that_o in_o the_o one_o it_o be_v encourage_v in_o the_o other_o explode_v he_o then_o who_o shall_v consider_v europe_n shall_v find_v it_o full_a of_o commonwealth_n and_o principality_n which_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o jealousy_n and_o animosity_n betwixt_o they_o be_v constrain_v to_o keep_v up_o the_o old_a military_a discipline_n and_o advance_v those_o who_o in_o it_o be_v any_o way_n eminent_a for_o in_o greece_n beside_o the_o macedonian_n there_o be_v manay_v republic_n and_o in_o each_o of_o they_o several_a excellent_a man_n the_o roman_n the_o samnite_n the_o tuscan_n cisalpine_a gaul_n france_n and_o germany_n be_v full_a of_o republic_n and_o principality_n and_o spain_n be_v the_o same_o and_o though_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o roman_n the_o number_n which_o be_v mention_v of_o they_o in_o history_n be_v but_o small_a that_o proceed_v from_o the_o emulation_n and_o partiality_n of_o the_o historian_n who_o follow_v fortune_n content_v themselves_o with_o commend_v the_o conqueror_n but_o '_o its_o unreasonable_a to_o imagine_v that_o among_o the_o samnite_n and_o tuscan_n who_o wage_v war_n with_o the_o roman_n 150_o year_n together_o before_o they_o be_v total_o subdue_v there_o be_v not_o many_o brave_a man_n and_o so_o in_o france_n and_o in_o spain_n but_o the_o virtue_n which_o author_n do_v not_o celebrate_v in_o particular_a man_n they_o impute_v general_o to_o the_o whole_a people_n who_o they_o exalt_v to_o the_o sky_n for_o their_o constancy_n and_o adherence_n to_o their_o liberty_n it_o be_v true_a then_o that_o where_o there_o be_v most_o principality_n and_o government_n there_o be_v more_o excellent_a man_n it_o follow_v that_o when_o those_o government_n and_o principality_n extinguish_v their_o brave_a man_n and_o virtue_n extinguish_v with_o they_o there_o be_v loss_n occasion_n to_o exert_v it_o after_o the_o roman_a empire_n have_v dilate_v in_o self_n so_o strange_o and_o subvert_v all_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o principality_n in_o europe_n and_o africa_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o those_o in_o asia_n virtue_n decline_v in_o all_o place_n but_o in_o rome_n whereupon_o virtuous_a man_n begin_v to_o grow_v thin_a in_o europe_n and_o asia_n and_o by_o degree_n come_v afterward_o to_o a_o total_a declination_n for_o the_o virtue_n of_o
in_o your_o description_n of_o the_o fight_n you_o have_v cause_v i_o to_o remember_v how_o scipio_n in_o the_o engagement_n cause_v not_o his_o hastati_fw-la to_o retire_v into_o the_o rank_n of_o the_o principes_fw-la but_o divide_v they_o and_o cause_v they_o to_o retire_v into_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o army_n to_o give_v place_n to_o the_o principes_fw-la when_o they_o be_v to_o advance_v against_o the_o enemy_n i_o will_v know_v therefore_o for_o what_o reason_n he_o differ_v from_o the_o ordinary_a custom_n fabritio_n i_o will_v tell_v you_o hannibal_n have_v place_v the_o strength_n of_o his_o army_n in_o the_o second_o division_n so_o that_o scipio_n to_o oppose_v they_o with_o equal_a courage_n unite_v the_o principes_fw-la and_o the_o triarii_n together_o insomuch_o as_o the_o interval_n of_o the_o principes_fw-la be_v fill_v up_o by_o the_o triarii_n there_o be_v no_o space_n leave_v for_o the_o reception_n of_o the_o hastati_fw-la wherefore_o he_o cause_v the_o hastati_fw-la to_o open_a to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a and_o fall_v in_o with_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o army_n but_o you_o must_v observe_v that_o this_o way_n of_o divide_v the_o first_o squadron_n be_v not_o to_o be_v use_v but_o when_o the_o other_o be_v superior_a for_o than_o you_o may_v do_v it_o convenient_o as_o scipio_n do_v but_o be_v inferior_a or_o under_o any_o repulse_n it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v do_v without_o manifest_a danger_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o you_o have_v space_n behind_o in_o your_o other_o squadron_n that_o may_v be_v ready_a to_o receive_v you_o but_o to_o return_v to_o our_o discourse_n the_o ancient_a asian_o among_o other_o contrivance_n to_o mischief_n their_o enemy_n make_v use_v of_o certain_a chariot_n with_o scythe_n fasten_v to_o the_o side_n of_o they_o which_o serve_v not_o only_o to_o open_v the_o squadron_n of_o the_o enemy_n with_o their_o force_n but_o to_o cut_v and_o kill_v they_o with_o their_o sythes_n against_o these_o chariot_n they_o have_v three_o way_n to_o defend_v themselves_o either_o by_o the_o closeness_n of_o their_o rank_n or_o by_o receive_v they_o into_o their_o rank_n as_o they_o do_v the_o elephant_n or_o by_o some_o other_o vigorous_a resistance_n as_o silla_n the_o roman_a do_v against_o archelaus_n who_o have_v store_n of_o those_o chariot_n to_o repel_v they_o silla_n cause_v several_a stake_n to_o be_v pitch_v into_o the_o ground_n before_o his_o first_o squadron_n which_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o the_o career_n of_o the_o say_a chariot_n prevent_v the_o execution_n which_o they_o will_v otherwise_o have_v do_v and_o it_o be_v observable_a the_o new_a method_n that_o silla_n use_v in_o range_v his_o army_n for_o place_v his_o velite_n and_o light_a horse_n behind_o and_o all_o his_o complete_a arm_a soldier_n before_o he_o leave_v interval_n sufficient_a to_o receive_v they_o which_o be_v behind_o when_o they_o have_v occasion_n to_o march_v up_o so_o that_o the_o fight_n be_v begin_v by_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o horse_n who_o have_v room_n to_o pass_v through_o the_o first_o squadron_n to_o the_o charge_n he_o obtain_v the_o victory_n chap._n ii_o the_o art_n which_o be_v to_o be_v use_v during_o the_o fight_n fabr._n to_o disturb_v the_o army_n of_o the_o enemy_n when_o the_o battle_n be_v join_v it_o be_v necessary_a to_o invent_v some_o way_n or_o other_o to_o affright_v they_o either_o by_o spread_v a_o report_n of_o supply_n that_o be_v hard_a by_o or_o counterfeit_v some_o representation_n of_o they_o that_o may_v dismay_v the_o enemy_n and_o facilitate_v their_o defeat_n minutius_n ruffus_n and_o acillus_fw-la glabrio_n two_o of_o the_o roman_a consul_n be_v skilful_a in_o this_o art_n caius_n sulpitius_n cause_v all_o the_o boy_n and_o refuse_v of_o his_o army_n to_o mount_v upon_o mule_n and_o other_o beast_n that_o be_v unserviceable_a in_o fight_n and_o place_v they_o at_o a_o distance_n upon_o a_o hill_n and_o draw_v up_o in_o such_o order_n that_o they_o appear_v like_o a_o complete_a body_n of_o horse_n when_o he_o be_v engage_v with_o the_o french_a and_o the_o enemy_n apprehension_n of_o that_o body_n get_v sulpitius_n the_o victory_n marius_n make_v use_n of_o the_o same_o stratagem_n when_o he_o fight_v against_o the_o german_n if_o then_o these_o false_a alarm_n and_o representation_n be_v of_o such_o use_n and_o advantage_n in_o time_n of_o battle_n true_a one_o must_v needs_o be_v more_o efficacious_a especial_o if_o they_o fall_v upon_o the_o enemy_n flank_n or_o rear_v whilst_o the_o battle_n be_v join_v which_o indeed_o be_v not_o easy_a to_o be_v do_v unless_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o country_n contribute_v for_o if_o it_o be_v open_a and_o plain_a you_o can_v conceal_v any_o part_n of_o your_o force_n as_o be_v necessary_a to_o be_v do_v in_o those_o case_n but_o in_o woody_a or_o mountainous_a country_n you_o may_v conceal_v some_o of_o your_o troop_n in_o such_o manner_n as_o they_o may_v fall_v sudden_o and_o unexpected_o upon_o the_o enemy_n which_o will_v give_v you_o a_o certain_a victory_n it_o be_v many_o time_n of_o great_a importance_n to_o spread_v a_o rumour_n abroad_o during_o the_o fight_n that_o the_o enemy_n general_n be_v slay_v or_o that_o he_o be_v beat_v in_o another_o part_n of_o the_o army_n which_o as_o the_o other_o have_v many_o time_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o a_o victory_n the_o enemy_n horse_n be_v often_o disorder_v by_o the_o representation_n of_o strange_a figure_n or_o the_o make_n of_o some_o unusual_a noise_n as_o croesus_n do_v who_o oppose_v camel_n against_o horse_n and_o pyrrhus_n when_o he_o confront_v their_o cavalry_n with_o his_o elephant_n the_o strangeness_n of_o which_o sight_n affright_v they_o so_o that_o nothing_o be_v strong_a enough_o to_o keep_v they_o from_o disorder_n in_o our_o day_n the_o turk_n defeat_v the_o sophi_n of_o persia_n and_o the_o sultan_n of_o syria_n only_o with_o the_o noise_n of_o this_o gun_n which_o be_v unusual_a to_o their_o horse_n disorder_v they_o in_o such_o manner_n that_o the_o turk_n get_v the_o victory_n without_o any_o great_a trouble_n the_o spaniard_n to_o distract_v the_o army_n of_o amilcar_n place_v in_o the_o front_n of_o their_o army_n certain_a chariot_n fill_v with_o flax_n and_o draw_v by_o ox_n to_o which_o flax_n when_o the_o enemy_n come_v up_o to_o charge_n they_o put_v fire_n and_o the_o ox_n run_v from_o the_o fire_n rush_v furious_o into_o the_o army_n of_o arailcar_n and_o put_v it_o to_o the_o rout_n it_o be_v a_o unusual_a practice_n as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o to_o surprise_v and_o disturb_v the_o enemy_n with_o ambuscadoe_n where_o the_o country_n be_v convenient_a but_o where_o it_o be_v open_a and_o large_a many_o have_v make_v great_a hole_n in_o the_o ground_n and_o cover_v they_o with_o straw_n and_o earth_n light_o leave_v certain_a space_n solid_a and_o firm_a for_o their_o own_o retreat_n over_o which_o have_v retire_v cunning_o in_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o fight_n the_o enemy_n pursue_v have_v fall_v in_o and_o be_v ruin_v if_o during_o the_o fight_n any_o ill_a accident_n happen_v that_o may_v discourage_v your_o soldier_n it_o be_v prudence_n to_o dissemble_v it_o and_o turn_v it_o to_o advantage_n as_o tullus_n hostilius_n do_v and_o lucius_n sylla_n who_o observe_v in_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o battle_n a_o party_n of_o his_o troop_n go_v over_o to_o the_o enemy_n to_o the_o great_a dishearten_v of_o the_o rest_n cause_v it_o to_o be_v publish_v quite_o through_o his_o army_n that_o it_o be_v do_v by_o his_o order_n which_o not_o only_o dispel_v the_o apprehension_n that_o be_v among_o they_o but_o encourage_v they_o in_o such_o manner_n that_o it_o get_v he_o the_o victory_n sylla_n have_v command_v out_o a_o party_n upon_o some_o enterprise_n and_o all_o of_o they_o be_v kill_v in_o fight_n of_o his_o army_n that_o the_o rest_n may_v not_o be_v terrify_v tell_v they_o he_o send_v they_o on_o purpose_n because_o 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any_o thing_n of_o virtue_n to_o require_v that_o their_o word_n shall_v be_v like_a oracle_n and_o of_o as_o much_o authority_n as_o if_o speak_v by_o god_n himself_o to_o employ_v such_o as_o have_v no_o knowledge_n in_o affair_n to_o commit_v great_a thing_n to_o those_o who_o dare_v attempt_v nothing_o to_o believe_v every_o thing_n immediate_o without_o ponder_v and_o debate_v either_o their_o word_n or_o argument_n that_o speak_v they_o and_o several_a other_o imperfection_n which_o hinder_v they_o from_o see_v that_o at_o last_o they_o must_v become_v a_o prey_n to_o any_o that_o will_v attack_v they_o these_o thing_n in_o the_o year_n 1494._o be_v the_o occasion_n of_o those_o flight_n and_o fear_n and_o depredation_n by_o which_o three_o of_o the_o most_o potent_a state_n in_o italy_n be_v frequent_o destroy_v but_o the_o worst_a be_v they_o which_o remain_v continue_v in_o the_o same_o error_n and_o live_v in_o the_o same_o disorder_n without_o any_o consideration_n that_o 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