he_o refer_v to_o optimacy_n as_o that_o of_o the_o consul_n which_o he_o refer_v to_o monarchy_n be_v both_o of_o they_o subject_n to_o the_o power_n of_o the_o people_n now_o the_o self_n same_o may_v be_v say_v in_o answer_n to_o all_o other_o the_o opinion_n of_o those_o that_o write_v of_o politic_n who_o haply_o think_v it_o more_o agreeable_a to_o their_o purpose_n to_o gaze_v on_o the_o extern_a face_n and_o daily_a administration_n of_o the_o sovereignty_n than_o unto_o the_o very_o right_o of_o it_o itself_o xx._n true_a example_n much_o more_o pertinent_a to_o the_o matter_n be_v that_o of_o aristotle_n who_o say_v that_o between_o a_o full_a and_o absolute_a monarchy_n and_o that_o like_a unto_o the_o laconian_a be_v but_o a_o mere_a principality_n there_o be_v some_o of_o a_o mix_v kind_n whereof_o we_o have_v a_o example_n as_o i_o conceive_v in_o the_o isâ—aelitish_n king_n who_o doubtless_o in_o most_o thing_n govern_v by_o a_o full_a power_n government_n mix_v government_n for_o such_o a_o king_n the_o people_n require_v as_o their_o neighbour_n nation_n have_v suppose_v as_o josephus_n testify_v that_o if_o they_o be_v govern_v like_o unto_o their_o neighbour_n they_o shall_v suffer_v no_o inconvenience_n not_o consider_v that_o all_o the_o eastern_a nation_n except_o themselves_o be_v under_o a_o slavish_a government_n so_o atossa_n in_o aeschylus_n speak_v to_o the_o persian_n of_o their_o king_n say_v that_o he_o be_v not_o accountable_a to_o the_o city_n for_o what_o he_o do_v that_o of_o virgil_n be_v well_o know_v nor_o egypt_n nor_o vast_a lydia_n nor_o mede_n nor_o parthian_n thus_o their_o king_n obey_v livy_n give_v this_o character_n of_o the_o syrian_n and_o all_o the_o asian_a people_n that_o they_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o man_n bear_v to_o be_v slave_n not_o much_o unlike_a be_v that_o of_o apollonius_n in_o philostratus_n the_o assyrian_n and_o mede_n do_v adore_v their_o king_n nor_o that_o of_o aristotle_n 14._o pol._n l._n 3._o c._n 14._o all_o the_o asian_o do_v patient_o submit_v to_o monarchy_n and_o to_o the_o same_o sense_n be_v that_o civilis_fw-la batavus_fw-la to_o the_o gaul_n in_o tacitus_n the_o syrian_n and_o asian_o might_n well_o serve_v 4._o hist_o l._n 4._o because_o all_o the_o oriental_a people_n be_v accustom_v to_o be_v govern_v by_o absolute_a monarch_n not_o but_o that_o there_o be_v even_o at_o that_o time_n king_n also_o both_o in_o germany_n and_o france_n but_o as_o the_o same_o tacitus_n there_o observe_v absolute_a all_o the_o asian_a king_n absolute_a they_o be_v such_o as_o govern_v for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o a_o precarious_a way_n or_o as_o i_o say_v before_o more_o by_o a_o persuasive_a than_o by_o a_o coercive_a power_n we_o observe_v before_o that_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n of_o israel_n be_v under_o their_o king_n and_o samuel_n describe_v the_o government_n of_o king_n sufficient_o prove_v that_o against_o the_o injury_n do_v by_o they_o there_o remain_v no_o power_n at_o all_o in_o the_o people_n either_o to_o resist_v or_o revenge_n which_o the_o ancient_n do_v right_o gather_v from_o those_o word_n of_o king_n david_n tibi_fw-la soli_fw-la peccavi_fw-la unto_o thou_o only_o have_v i_o sin_v because_o as_o st._n hierom_n upon_o that_o place_n gloss_v david_n be_v a_o king_n stand_v in_o fear_n of_o none_o but_o god_n as_o have_v no_o other_o judge_n but_o he_o so_o likewise_o st._n ambrose_n david_n be_v a_o king_n and_o so_o subject_a to_o no_o law_n for_o king_n be_v free_a from_o those_o shackle_n wherewith_o their_o subject_n crime_n do_v entangle_v they_o they_o fear_v no_o punishment_n be_v secure_v by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o empire_n to_o man_n therefore_o he_o sin_v not_o because_o to_o he_o he_o be_v not_o accountable_a for_o his_o action_n apposite_z to_o this_o be_v that_o of_o vitiges_n in_o cassiodore_n causa_fw-la regiae_fw-la potestatis_fw-la supernis_fw-la est_fw-la applicanda_fw-la judiciis_fw-la quandoquidem_fw-la illa_fw-la coelo_fw-la petita_fw-la est_fw-la ita_fw-la soli_fw-la coelo_fw-la debet_fw-la innocentiam_fw-la the_o cause_n of_o a_o king_n be_v to_o be_v refer_v to_o god_n tribunal_n for_o from_o whence_o he_o derive_v his_o power_n to_o he_o only_o he_o owe_v his_o innocence_n and_o in_o case_n of_o such_o oppression_n god_n himself_o prescribe_v the_o only_a remedy_n that_o the_o people_n can_v have_v against_o their_o king_n namely_o prayer_n and_o tear_n and_o you_o shall_v cry_v out_o in_o that_o day_n because_o of_o the_o king_n who_o you_o have_v choose_v 1_o sam._n 8.18_o he_o do_v not_o encourage_v they_o to_o rebel_n nor_o do_v he_o prescribe_v any_o legal_a way_n of_o proceed_v against_o they_o only_o they_o may_v cry_v unto_o the_o lord_n and_o if_o he_o hear_v they_o not_o they_o must_v suffer_v with_o patience_n nor_o do_v samuel_n insinuate_v this_o to_o the_o jew_n as_o if_o it_o be_v nudum_fw-la factum_fw-la that_o be_v that_o king_n abuse_v their_o power_n will_v do_v so_o but_o as_o if_o it_o be_v jus_fw-la regium_fw-la a_o right_a proper_a to_o kingly_a government_n to_o do_v so_o the_o jew_n themselves_o grant_v that_o if_o their_o king_n do_v transgress_v those_o law_n which_o moses_n prescribe_v unto_o they_o they_o be_v to_o be_v beat_v with_o rods._n but_o this_o be_v no_o reproach_n unto_o they_o neither_o be_v it_o by_o compulsion_n but_o by_o a_o voluntary_a susception_n as_o a_o sign_n of_o their_o penitence_n nor_o be_v it_o do_v by_o any_o public_a officer_n but_o as_o he_o impose_v it_o upon_o himself_o free_o so_o he_o choose_v who_o he_o please_v to_o do_v it_o and_o prescribe_v both_o the_o manner_n and_o measure_n of_o his_o own_o punishment_n but_o from_o all_o coercive_a punishment_n their_o king_n be_v so_o free_a that_o even_o that_o law_n of_o excalciation_n deut._n 25.9_o because_o it_o be_v not_o without_o some_o reproach_n be_v not_o in_o force_n against_o they_o yet_o notwithstanding_o all_o this_o there_o be_v some_o case_n whereof_o their_o king_n have_v no_o right_n at_o all_o to_o judge_v but_o they_o be_v reserve_v to_o the_o great_a sanhedrim_n or_o council_n of_o the_o 70._o elder_n which_o be_v institute_v by_o moses_n at_o god_n special_a command_n continue_v by_o a_o perpetual_a supply_n of_o election_n until_o the_o day_n of_o herod_n for_o which_o cause_n 6._o deut._n 1.17_o pâ—al_a 82.1_o 6._o they_o be_v by_o moses_n and_o david_n frequent_o call_v god_n and_o their_o judgement_n god_n judgement_n and_o those_o judge_n be_v likewise_o say_v to_o judge_v not_o for_o man_n but_o for_o god_n 2_o chron._n 19.6_o 8._o nay_o there_o be_v a_o plain_a distinction_n make_v between_o the_o thing_n of_o god_n and_o the_o thing_n of_o the_o king_n 2_o chron._n 19.11_o where_o by_o the_o matter_n of_o the_o lord_n as_o the_o most_o learned_a among_o the_o jew_n do_v interpret_v it_o be_v mean_v the_o administer_a of_o judgement_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n that_o the_o king_n of_o judah_n do_v by_o themselves_o sometime_o inflict_v capital_a punishment_n i_o can_v deny_v wherein_o maimonides_n prefer_v those_o king_n before_o the_o king_n of_o israel_n which_o be_v sufficient_o clear_v by_o many_o example_n both_o in_o holy_a writ_n and_o also_o in_o other_o hebrew_n author_n but_o yet_o the_o cognizance_n of_o some_o cause_n be_v not_o permit_v unto_o they_o as_o that_o of_o the_o tribe_n that_o of_o the_o high_a priest_n that_o of_o a_o prophet_n for_o it_o can_v be_v say_v our_o saviour_n that_o a_o prophet_n perish_v out_o of_o jerusalem_n luke_n 13.33_o and_o this_o be_v evident_a by_o the_o story_n of_o jeremy_n who_o when_o the_o prince_n demand_v to_o death_n the_o king_n answer_v they_o behold_v he_o be_v in_o your_o power_n for_o against_o you_o the_o king_n can_v do_v nothing_o jer._n 38.5_o 38.5_o jer._n 38.5_o yea_o and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o that_o be_v condemn_v by_o the_o sanhedrim_n can_v not_o be_v release_v by_o the_o king_n himself_o and_o therefore_o hircanus_n 6._o jos_n ant._n l._n 14._o c._n 17._o in_o criminal_a case_n the_o king_n of_o macedon_n power_n avail_v nothing_o curt._n lib._n 4._o curtius_n lib._n 6._o when_o he_o see_v he_o can_v not_o hinder_v the_o sanhedrim_n from_o pass_v sentence_n against_o herod_n advise_v he_o by_o flight_n to_o secure_v himself_o in_o macedonia_n they_o that_o derive_v their_o pedigree_n from_o caranus_n as_o calisthenes_n in_o arianus_n report_v obtain_v the_o government_n not_o by_o force_n but_o by_o law_n now_o the_o macedonian_n though_o they_o be_v accustom_v to_o regal_a government_n yet_o have_v a_o great_a smack_n of_o liberty_n than_o other_o nation_n for_o it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o king_n himself_o to_o take_v away_o the_o life_n of_o any_o citizen_n it_o be_v the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o macedonian_n in_o criminal_a
in_o history_n many_o example_n â—_o example_n meierum_fw-la in_o anno_fw-la 1339._o de_fw-la flandr_n &_o brab_n &_o â—_o xv._o a_o usurper_n how_o far_o to_o be_v obey_v the_o act_n of_o a_o usurper_n bind_v and_o why_o we_o have_v hitherto_o treat_v of_o he_o who_o have_v or_o have_v a_o right_a to_o govern_v now_o something_o we_o must_v say_v of_o he_o that_o invade_v or_o usurp_v the_o government_n not_o after_o he_o have_v either_o by_o long_a possession_n or_o by_o consent_n or_o agreement_n obtain_v a_o right_n unto_o it_o but_o so_o long_o as_o the_o cause_n of_o his_o unjust_a acquisition_n continue_v and_o certain_o during_o the_o time_n that_o he_o possess_v the_o empire_n his_o act_n may_v have_v power_n to_o bind_v but_o yet_o not_o as_o they_o be_v his_o for_o right_o to_o command_v he_o have_v none_o but_o upon_o this_o presumption_n that_o he_o who_o of_o right_o shall_v govern_v whether_o king_n people_n or_o senate_n have_v rather_o that_o his_o law_n for_o that_o time_n shall_v be_v bind_v than_o that_o the_o people_n shall_v live_v altogether_o without_o law_n and_o without_o judgement_n which_o must_v necessary_o introduce_v the_o great_a disorder_n and_o confusion_n cicero_n condemn_v sylla_n law_n as_o too_o cruel_a against_o the_o child_n of_o those_o that_o be_v proscribe_v in_o make_v they_o uncapable_a of_o sue_v for_o honour_n yet_o he_o think_v fit_a that_o those_o law_n shall_v be_v observe_v affirm_v as_o quintilian_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o state_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v so_o contain_v in_o those_o law_n that_o if_o they_o be_v not_o keep_v the_o commonwealth_n at_o that_o time_n can_v not_o have_v subsist_v florus_n also_o concern_v the_o act_n of_o the_o same_o sylla_n say_v thus_o lepidus_n go_v about_o to_o rescind_v the_o act_n of_o this_o so_o great_a a_o man_n and_o indeed_o not_o without_o cause_n if_o at_o least_o he_o can_v have_v do_v it_o without_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o by_o and_o by_o it_o be_v expedient_a for_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v then_o sick_a and_o wound_a to_o be_v govern_v by_o any_o law_n whatsoever_o rather_o than_o to_o fret_v and_o scarrifie_v her_o wound_n by_o attempt_v a_o untimely_a cure_n yet_o notwithstanding_o at_o such_o time_n and_o in_o such_o case_n wherein_o our_o obedience_n be_v not_o so_o exquisite_o necessary_a and_o yet_o may_v help_v to_o confirm_v the_o usurper_n in_o his_o unjust_a possession_n if_o by_o our_o disobedience_n we_o incur_v no_o great_a danger_n we_o must_v not_o obey_v but_o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o the_o people_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n to_o deject_v he_o that_o shall_v thus_o usurp_v the_o sovereign_a power_n or_o to_o kill_v he_o be_v disputable_a xvi_o a_o usurper_n may_v be_v kill_v during_o the_o war_n if_o no_o contract_n be_v make_v with_o he_o and_o in_o the_o first_o place_n if_o he_o that_o usurp_v another_o man_n dominion_n have_v not_o gain_v it_o by_o a_o just_a war_n that_o be_v by_o such_o a_o war_n as_o have_v all_o the_o right_n require_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n nor_o by_o any_o contract_n or_o agreement_n make_v with_o he_o or_o faith_n give_v to_o he_o but_o that_o he_o hold_v his_o possession_n by_o force_n only_o the_o right_n of_o war_n seem_v in_o this_o case_n to_o continue_v continue_v by_o the_o right_n of_o the_o war_n continue_v and_o therefore_o what_o may_v lawful_o be_v do_v against_o a_o enemy_n may_v lawful_o be_v do_v against_o he_o who_o any_o private_a man_n that_o have_v not_o give_v his_o faith_n to_o he_o may_v lawful_o kill_v in_o reos_fw-la majestatis_fw-la &_o publicos_fw-la host_n omnis_fw-la homo_fw-la mile_n est_fw-la against_o traitor_n and_o public_a enemy_n every_o private_a man_n say_v tertullian_n be_v a_o soldier_n so_o against_o such_o as_o desert_v their_o colour_n in_o the_o time_n of_o war_n apolog._n tertul._n apolog._n it_o be_v indulge_v unto_o every_o man_n to_o take_v public_a revenge_n in_o order_n to_o the_o common_a safety_n xvii_o or_o by_o virtue_n of_o some_o antecedent_n law_n the_o same_o may_v be_v say_v if_o before_o such_o a_o invasion_n there_o be_v extant_a any_o such_o law_n authorise_v any_o private_a man_n to_o kill_v he_o who_o dare_v in_o his_o presence_n commit_v such_o or_o such_o a_o fact_n as_o for_o example_n if_o be_v but_o a_o private_a man_n he_o shall_v go_v with_o a_o guard_n about_o he_o or_o if_o he_o shall_v attempt_v a_o fort_n or_o kill_v a_o citizen_n uncondemned_a or_o illegal_o condemn_v or_o if_o any_o man_n shall_v presume_v to_o create_v a_o magistrate_n without_o just_a suffrage_n many_o such_o law_n we_o may_v read_v of_o to_o have_v be_v in_o force_n among_o the_o city_n of_o greece_n with_o who_o it_o be_v also_o think_v lawful_a to_o kill_v such_o tyrant_n such_o be_v that_o law_n of_o solon_n in_o athens_n renew_v after_o his_o return_n from_o piraeeus_n against_o such_o as_o have_v abolish_v popular_a government_n or_o that_o after_o such_o abolition_n have_v bear_v any_o office_n the_o like_a law_n there_o be_v also_o in_o rome_n call_v the_o valerian_n law_n against_o any_o man_n that_o shall_v assume_v the_o office_n of_o a_o magistrate_n without_o the_o people_n consent_n make_v it_o lawful_a for_o any_o man_n to_o kill_v such_o a_o man_n uncondemned_a public_a plut._n public_a as_o plutarch_n relate_v where_o he_o thus_o distinguish_v solon_n law_n from_o that_o of_o publicola_n solon_n will_v have_v such_o a_o man_n legal_o convict_v but_o publicola_n permit_v any_o man_n to_o kill_v he_o that_o usurp_v the_o office_n of_o a_o magistrate_n without_o any_o formal_a process_n and_o such_o be_v the_o consular_a law_n immediate_o after_o the_o decemviral_n government_n that_o no_o man_n shall_v dare_v to_o create_v a_o magistrate_n without_o a_o appeal_n and_o he_o that_o create_v such_o may_v by_o the_o law_n both_o of_o god_n and_o man_n be_v kill_v xviii_o by_o his_o commission_n who_o have_v right_o to_o the_o empire_n no_o less_o lawful_a it_o be_v for_o he_o to_o kill_v a_o usurper_n that_o have_v a_o express_a warrant_n so_o to_o do_v from_o he_o to_o who_o the_o just_a right_n of_o government_n belong_v whether_o it_o be_v in_o the_o king_n the_o people_n or_o the_o senate_n among_o who_o likewise_o we_o may_v place_v the_o protector_n or_o guardian_n of_o king_n during_o their_o nonage_n such_o as_o be_v jehojada_n to_o king_n joas_n at_o who_o command_n athalia_fw-la be_v deprive_v at_o once_o both_o of_o her_o life_n and_o kingdom_n 2_o chron._n 23._o xix_o why_o a_o usurper_n may_v not_o be_v kill_v but_o in_o one_o of_o these_o case_n now_o unless_o it_o be_v in_o one_o of_o these_o case_n i_o can_v perceive_v how_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o any_o private_a man_n by_o force_n either_o to_o deject_v or_o to_o destroy_v he_o that_o usurp_v the_o imperial_a dignity_n because_o possible_a it_o be_v that_o he_o who_o have_v the_o true_a right_o have_v rather_o prefer_v the_o peace_n and_o tranquillity_n of_o his_o subject_n though_o under_o the_o usurper_n power_n than_o embroil_n his_o country_n in_o blood_n or_o to_o vex_v his_o subject_n with_o civil_a war_n which_o be_v the_o sad_a and_o bloody_a effect_n and_o consequence_n that_o attend_v the_o murder_n or_o expulsion_n of_o king_n especial_o if_o his_o quarrel_n be_v espouse_v by_o either_o a_o strong_a faction_n at_o home_n or_o powerful_a friend_n abroad_o or_o because_o it_o be_v at_o least_o doubtful_a whether_o that_o king_n people_z or_o senate_n in_o who_o the_o right_a of_o empire_n be_v be_v willing_a that_o the_o matter_n shall_v be_v bring_v to_o so_o desperate_a a_o issue_n and_o without_o the_o precise_a knowledge_n of_o this_o all_o violence_n of_o this_o kind_n be_v unjust_a it_o be_v very_o true_a what_o favonius_n in_o plutarch_n observe_v pejus_fw-la est_fw-la bellum_fw-la civil_a dominatu_fw-la illegitimo_fw-la bruti_fw-la vita_fw-la bruti_fw-la a_o intestine_a war_n be_v more_o destructive_a than_o any_o tyranny_n for_o though_o the_o rage_n of_o incense_a tyrant_n may_v produce_v more_o tragical_a effect_n upon_o some_o particular_a family_n ☜_o ☜_o yet_o the_o deluge_n of_o a_o civil_a war_n spread_v far_a continue_v long_a and_o leave_v more_o dreadful_a print_n behind_o it_o than_o any_o tyranny_n give_v i_o any_o peace_n say_v cicero_n rather_o than_o a_o civil_a war._n titus_n quintus_fw-la tell_v the_o lacedaemonian_n 34._o liv._o 34._o that_o it_o will_v be_v much_o better_a for_o they_o to_o bear_v with_o the_o tyranny_n of_o nabis_n than_o by_o endeavour_v by_o arm_n to_o recover_v their_o lose_a liberty_n to_o make_v the_o tyrant_n grave_a in_o the_o ruin_n of_o their_o city_n and_o to_o this_o purpose_n be_v that_o prudent_a advice_n of_o aristophanes_n leo_n in_o civitate_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la alendus_fw-la
that_o they_o always_o precede_v in_o such_o council_n as_o be_v call_v concern_v christian_n affair_n who_o first_o profess_v themselves_o christian_n as_o aeneas_n silvius_n record_v in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o council_n of_o basil_n xxii_o where_o divers_a society_n claim_v unequal_a share_n how_o vote_n be_v to_o be_v reckon_v but_o yet_o so_o often_o as_o the_o ground_n and_o main_a reason_n of_o enter_v into_o this_o society_n be_v the_o preservation_n of_o something_o hold_v by_o they_o in_o common_a but_o not_o in_o equal_a proportion_n as_o in_o a_o inheritance_n or_o in_o a_o field_n wherein_o one_o have_v half_a another_o a_o three_o another_o a_o four_o part_n than_o not_o only_o the_o order_n but_o the_o suffrage_n of_o that_o assembly_n shall_v be_v not_o by_o the_o plurality_n of_o single_a vote_n but_o by_o the_o proportion_n that_o they_o several_o have_v in_o the_o thing_n hold_v in_o common_a which_o as_o it_o be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o natural_a equity_n so_o it_o be_v approve_v of_o by_o the_o roman_a law_n so_o strabo_n tell_v we_o that_o when_o lybica_n with_o three_o other_o adjoin_a city_n do_v unite_v themselves_o as_o it_o be_v in_o one_o body_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o each_o of_o the_o three_o be_v to_o have_v one_o voice_n but_o lybica_n two_o because_o it_o contribute_v much_o more_o to_o the_o common_a benefit_n than_o the_o rest_n and_o the_o same_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o in_o lycia_n there_o be_v twenty_o three_o city_n combine_v whereof_o some_o have_v three_o voice_n some_o two_o and_o some_o but_o one_o 9_o fol._n l._n 3._o c._n 9_o and_z according_o all_o charge_n be_v divide_v and_o pay_v and_o this_o be_v but_o just_a say_v aristotle_n if_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o common_a possession_n be_v the_o chief_a cause_n of_o their_o consociation_n xxiii_o the_o right_a of_o society_n over_o their_o citizen_n of_o all_o society_n that_o of_o divers_a master_n of_o family_n embody_v in_o one_o city_n or_o nation_n as_o it_o be_v the_o most_o perfect_a so_o it_o give_v a_o great_a right_a or_o power_n to_o the_o whole_a over_o every_o part_n thereof_o than_o any_o other_o society_n whatsoever_o neither_o be_v there_o any_o outward_a act_n do_v by_o any_o one_o citizen_n but_o what_o either_o by_o itself_o do_v or_o by_o circumstance_n may_v refer_v to_o the_o conservation_n of_o that_o society_n for_o as_o aristotle_n tell_v we_o the_o law_n do_v rule_v we_o in_o thing_n of_o all_o sort_n xxiv_o whether_o citizen_n may_v desert_v their_o city_n and_o here_o it_o may_v be_v question_v whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o citizen_n to_o forsake_v their_o city_n without_o leave_n give_v there_o be_v a_o ancient_a custom_n say_v servius_n that_o he_o that_o transplant_v himself_o into_o another_o family_n or_o nation_n do_v first_o renounce_v that_o wherein_o he_o former_o dwell_v and_o then_o be_v receive_v and_o true_a it_o be_v that_o in_o some_o country_n it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o forsake_v the_o city_n without_o leave_n as_o in_o the_o city_n of_o moscow_n 13._o mariana_n liâ—_n 28._o c._n 13._o neither_o do_v i_o deny_v that_o it_o be_v possible_a for_o a_o civil_a society_n to_o be_v enter_v into_o under_o some_o such_o agreement_n and_o that_o custom_n may_v introduce_v the_o force_n of_o such_o a_o agreement_n yet_o by_o the_o latter_a roman_a law_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o any_o citizen_n to_o remove_v his_o habitation_n yet_o not_o so_o but_o that_o he_o stand_v still_o oblige_v to_o execute_v such_o office_n in_o the_o city_n as_o shall_v be_v impose_v on_o he_o neither_o be_v these_o to_o depart_v out_o of_o the_o roman_a territory_n and_o special_a care_n be_v take_v by_o the_o law_n itself_o that_o they_o shall_v pay_v their_o contribution_n but_o set_v aside_o these_o municipal_a law_n and_o constitution_n let_v we_o discuss_v this_o question_n according_a to_o natural_a right_n and_o that_o not_o of_o any_o one_o part_n but_o of_o the_o whole_a city_n though_o under_o the_o supreme_a dominion_n of_o one_o person_n and_o sure_o that_o they_o can_v recede_v by_o flock_n or_o great_a company_n be_v easy_o collect_v from_o the_o necessity_n of_o the_o end_n which_o in_o moral_a thing_n be_v able_a to_o create_v a_o right_n for_o if_o this_o shall_v be_v lawful_a there_o may_v instant_o follow_v a_o dissolution_n of_o that_o civil_a society_n zonoras_n speak_v of_o king_n lazus_n who_o revolt_v from_o the_o persian_n to_o the_o roman_n make_v it_o the_o cause_n of_o a_o just_a war_n between_o the_o persian_n and_o the_o roman_n that_o the_o roman_a general_n have_v draw_v unto_o himself_o the_o subject_n of_o the_o king_n of_o persia_n but_o as_o touch_v the_o departure_n of_o some_o particular_a person_n from_o a_o city_n it_o be_v much_o otherwise_o as_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o draw_v water_n out_o of_o a_o river_n and_o another_o thing_n to_o turn_v the_o course_n of_o it_o every_o citizen_n say_v triphonius_n be_v free_a either_o to_o stay_v in_o or_o to_o depart_v from_o his_o own_o city_n and_o cicero_n in_o his_o oration_n for_o baldus_n commend_v this_o law_n that_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v enforce_v to_o stay_v in_o a_o city_n against_o his_o will_n and_o this_o he_o lay_v down_o as_o the_o foundation_n of_o liberty_n that_o every_o freeman_n have_v absolute_a power_n over_o himself_o liberty_n to_o live_v where_o we_o please_v be_v the_o foundation_n of_o liberty_n either_o to_o remain_v in_o it_o or_o to_o recede_v from_o it_o and_o yet_o herein_o also_o we_o be_v to_o submit_v to_o natural_a equity_n which_o be_v the_o rule_n that_o the_o roman_n walk_v by_o in_o dissolve_v private_a society_n that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v lawful_a when_o the_o public_a be_v damnify_v by_o it_o for_o as_o proculus_n right_o observe_v always_o not_o that_o which_o be_v profitable_a to_o some_o one_o of_o a_o society_n be_v usual_o to_o be_v observe_v but_o what_o be_v expedient_a for_o the_o whole_a but_o it_o be_v expedient_a for_o the_o whole_a society_n that_o in_o case_n any_o great_a public_a debt_n be_v contract_v no_o citizen_n shall_v forsake_v the_o city_n unless_o he_o have_v first_o pay_v his_o proportion_n of_o it_o also_o if_o upon_o confidence_n of_o the_o number_n of_o their_o citizen_n they_o have_v begin_v a_o war_n but_o especial_o if_o they_o be_v in_o danger_n to_o be_v besiege_v no_o citizen_n ought_v to_o forsake_v the_o city_n till_o he_o have_v first_o provide_v a_o person_n as_o able_a as_o himself_o to_o defend_v the_o commonwealth_n but_o unless_o it_o be_v in_o these_o case_n only_o it_o be_v probable_a enough_o that_o the_o people_n do_v give_v their_o consent_n that_o any_o citizen_n may_v free_o depart_v because_o even_o from_o this_o liberty_n they_o may_v make_v no_o less_o advantage_n to_o themselves_o some_o other_o way_n xxv_o a_o city_n have_v no_o power_n over_o she_o banish_v so_o likewise_o no_o city_n can_v have_v any_o right_n over_o those_o who_o she_o have_v banish_v as_o we_o shall_v show_v anon_o *_o the_o heraclidae_fw-la be_v banish_v argos_n by_o euristeus_n and_o afterward_o persecute_v by_o he_o do_v thus_o plead_v by_o their_o advocate_n jolaus_fw-la by_o what_o right_o do_v he_o prosecute_v we_o now_o who_o he_o banish_v his_o city_n for_o now_o we_o be_v no_o subject_n of_o he_o and_o alcibiades_n his_o son_n speak_v of_o the_o time_n of_o his_o father_n banishment_n tell_v the_o athenian_n 41._o lib._n 3._o c._n 20._o §._o 41._o that_o the_o welfare_n of_o their_o city_n do_v nothing_o concern_v his_o father_n so_o likewise_o nicetas_n speak_v of_o isaac_n angelus_n say_v it_o be_v no_o new_a thing_n for_o any_o man_n to_o court_n and_o flatter_v his_o enemy_n that_o be_v but_o sensible_a that_o his_o own_o countryman_n do_v persecute_v he_o as_o their_o enemy_n but_o now_o the_o consociation_n of_o several_a nation_n whether_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o governor_n be_v call_v league_n of_o the_o nature_n and_o effect_n whereof_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o speak_v when_o we_o shall_v treat_v of_o obligation_n which_o arise_v from_o contract_n and_o agreement_n xxvi_o what_o right_o a_o man_n have_v over_o his_o adopt_a son_n there_o be_v also_o voluntary_a subjection_n and_o those_o either_o private_a or_o public_a the_o private_a vary_v according_a to_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o government_n that_o which_o be_v most_o noble_a be_v that_o of_o arrogation_n or_o adoption_n whereby_o a_o man_n translate_v himself_o into_o the_o family_n of_o another_o so_o as_o he_o behave_v himself_o with_o that_o duty_n and_o reverence_n as_o a_o son_n of_o mature_a age_n shall_v do_v roward_n his_o own_o parent_n no_o father_n can_v possible_o transfer_v his_o paternal_a right_n over_o his_o son_n to_o another_o man_n so_o full_o as_o to_o be_v
deus_fw-la where_o the_o right_a be_v not_o god_n be_v not_o many_o such_o like_a say_n we_o find_v in_o procopius_n as_o that_o of_o belisarius_n upon_o his_o expedition_n into_o africa_n where_o he_o tell_v his_o army_n that_o valour_n never_o get_v the_o victory_n unless_o accompany_v with_o justice_n and_o in_o another_o speech_n of_o he_o before_o the_o battle_n fight_v near_o carthage_n we_o appeal_v say_v he_o to_o god_n for_o witness_n the_o small_a atom_n of_o who_o power_n be_v able_a to_o overbalance_n all_o humane_a strength_n he_o as_o we_o believe_v weigh_v just_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o war_n will_v give_v success_n to_o this_o battle_n that_o be_v due_a to_o both_o party_n the_o truth_n of_o which_o say_v the_o admirable_a event_n of_o that_o fight_n do_v present_o after_o undoubted_o prove_v thus_o likewise_o totilas_n bespeak_v his_o goth_n it_o can_v be_v say_v he_o it_o can_v possible_o be_v i_o say_v that_o they_o that_o use_v violence_n and_o injustice_n shall_v gain_v honour_n in_o battle_n sed_fw-la prout_fw-la vita_fw-la cuique_fw-la est_fw-la 2._o lib._n 2._o ita_fw-la ei_fw-la obtingit_fw-la belli_fw-la fortuna_fw-la but_o according_a to_o every_o man_n life_n so_o be_v his_o fortune_n in_o the_o war._n it_o be_v therefore_o well_o advise_v by_o agathias_n injustice_n and_o the_o contempt_n of_o god_n be_v at_o all_o time_n to_o be_v abhor_v as_o dangerous_a but_o then_o most_o when_o the_o fortune_n of_o the_o war_n be_v to_o be_v determine_v by_o a_o battle_n we_o the_o good_a success_n of_o wicked_a design_n shall_v not_o discourage_v we_o neither_o shall_v any_o man_n be_v discourage_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o prosperous_a success_n of_o some_o wicked_a design_n for_o it_o suffice_v that_o the_o righteousness_n of_o the_o cause_n have_v a_o very_a great_a efficacy_n to_o excite_v valour_n and_o stir_v up_o to_o action_n although_o that_o power_n as_o it_o often_o fall_v out_o in_o humane_a affair_n be_v sometime_o hinder_v and_o frustrate_v in_o its_o effect_n by_o the_o intervention_n or_o opposition_n of_o some_o other_o cause_n beside_o the_o opinion_n that_o man_n have_v that_o the_o war_n be_v neither_o rash_o begin_v nor_o unjust_o manage_v be_v very_o prevalent_a to_o contract_v friendship_n whereby_o as_o private_a man_n so_o nation_n and_o kingdom_n reap_v infinite_a advantage_n for_o no_o man_n will_v willing_o associate_v himself_o with_o those_o friend_n the_o justice_n of_o our_o cause_n sometime_o beget_v friend_n who_o have_v no_o regard_n to_o justice_n to_o piety_n to_o fidelity_n now_o upon_o the_o reason_n above_o recite_v conclude_v with_o myself_o that_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a law_n common_a among_o nation_n guide_v they_o as_o well_o to_o as_o in_o the_o war_n work_n the_o author_n motive_n to_o undertake_v this_o work_n i_o have_v many_o and_o those_o very_a weighty_a motive_n that_o induce_v i_o to_o compile_v this_o treatise_n of_o it_o for_o i_o very_o well_o see_v throughout_o the_o christian_a world_n so_o great_a a_o licence_n of_o make_v war_n and_o of_o run_v into_o arm_n upon_o every_o light_a cause_n and_o sometime_o upon_o none_o at_o all_o that_o even_o the_o barbarian_n will_v have_v be_v ashamed_a to_o have_v own_v it_o war_n 1._o a_o general_a licence_n in_o make_v war_n and_o also_o that_o arm_n be_v once_o take_v up_o there_o be_v no_o reverence_n at_o all_o have_v to_o law_n either_o divine_a or_o humane_a but_o just_a as_o if_o some_o fury_n have_v be_v send_v out_o to_o kill_v and_o destroy_v restraint_n and_o in_o manage_v it_o without_o restraint_n so_o war_n be_v begin_v a_o general_a licence_n be_v grant_v to_o work_v all_o manner_n of_o mischief_n whatsoever_o the_o consideration_n of_o which_o barbarous_a cruelty_n give_v occasion_n to_o many_o man_n not_o evil_a to_o teach_v that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o a_o christian_a who_o religion_n principal_o consist_v in_o promote_a love_n and_o charity_n among_o all_o man_n to_o take_v arm_n with_o who_o ferus_fw-la and_o our_o countryman_n erasmus_n seem_v sometime_o to_o accord_v both_o of_o they_o be_v great_a lover_n of_o peace_n ferus_fw-la erasmus_n &_o jo._n ferus_fw-la ecclesiastical_a and_o civil_a but_o as_o i_o suppose_v with_o that_o intent_n only_o as_o we_o usual_o have_v when_o we_o bend_v a_o stick_n in_o itself_o crooked_a so_o far_o to_o the_o other_o side_n as_o may_v probable_o upon_o its_o return_n make_v it_o straight_o but_o this_o very_a design_n of_o too_o much_o contradiction_n be_v so_o far_o from_o do_v good_a that_o it_o do_v much_o hurt_v because_o that_o we_o may_v easy_o perceive_v that_o their_o urge_n of_o these_o thing_n too_o far_o do_v detract_v from_o their_o authority_n in_o other_o thing_n though_o haply_o true_a we_o ought_v therefore_o to_o moderate_v between_o these_o two_o as_o well_o that_o all_o thing_n may_v not_o be_v admit_v to_o be_v lawful_a in_o war_n as_o that_o nothing_o moreover_o another_o design_n i_o have_v namely_o law_n 2._o motive_n to_o promote_v learning_n especial_o in_o the_o law_n that_o be_v unworthy_o banish_v my_o own_o country_n which_o with_o so_o many_o of_o my_o labour_n i_o have_v honour_v i_o may_v promote_v now_o by_o my_o private_a study_n the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o law_n which_o heretofore_o i_o practise_v in_o public_a office_n with_o as_o much_o integrity_n as_o i_o possible_o can_v many_o have_v endeavour_v heretofore_o to_o reduce_v this_o into_o the_o form_n of_o a_o art_n but_o none_o as_o yet_o have_v do_v it_o neither_o indeed_o can_v it_o be_v do_v unless_o what_o no_o man_n have_v yet_o take_v sufficient_a care_n of_o those_o law_n which_o be_v establish_v by_o humane_a authority_n be_v right_o separate_v from_o those_o that_o be_v natural_a for_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v always_o the_o same_o may_v easy_o be_v collect_v into_o a_o art_n but_o those_o that_o arise_v by_o constitution_n see_v that_o they_o be_v both_o often_o change_v and_o be_v also_o diverse_a in_o diverse_a nation_n be_v put_v without_o art_n as_o the_o collection_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v singular_a but_o if_o the_o doctor_n of_o true_a justice_n will_v but_o undertake_v to_o treat_v of_o the_o part_n of_o natural_a and_o perpetual_a jurisprudence_n set_v aside_o what_o have_v its_o rise_n from_o the_o freedom_n of_o the_o will_n so_o that_o one_o will_v treat_v of_o law_n another_o of_o tribute_n another_o of_o the_o office_n of_o a_o judge_n another_o of_o the_o conjecture_n of_o will_n and_o another_o of_o the_o proof_n of_o matter_n of_o fact_n then_o by_o a_o collection_n of_o all_o these_o part_n a_o body_n may_v be_v compose_v but_o what_o method_n we_o think_v fit_a to_o use_v method_n the_o author_n method_n we_o have_v show_v rather_o in_o deed_n than_o word_n in_o this_o treatise_n which_o contain_v that_o part_n of_o jurisprudence_n which_o be_v by_o far_o the_o most_o noble_a for_o in_o the_o first_o book_n book_n the_o subject_a of_o the_o first_o book_n have_v discover_v the_o original_a of_o right_n we_o have_v handle_v this_o general_a question_n whether_o there_o be_v any_o war_n that_o be_v lawful_a and_o next_o to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o difference_n between_o a_o public_a and_o private_a war_n may_v be_v the_o more_o easy_o discover_v we_o think_v fit_a to_o explain_v the_o just_a right_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n what_o people_n may_v have_v it_o and_o what_o king_n and_o which_o of_o these_o have_v it_o either_o full_o or_o in_o part_n only_o and_o again_o which_o of_o they_o may_v have_v it_o with_o a_o power_n of_o alienation_n and_o which_o otherwise_o and_o then_o we_o be_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o duty_n of_o subject_n towards_o their_o lawful_a prince_n or_o to_o their_o superior_n our_o second_o book_n second_o of_o the_o second_o undertake_v to_o expound_v all_o the_o cause_n from_o whence_o a_o war_n may_v arise_v show_v at_o large_a what_o thing_n be_v common_a and_o what_o private_a what_o right_a person_n may_v have_v over_o person_n what_o obligation_n arise_v from_o dominion_n by_o what_o rule_n kingly_a succession_n be_v guide_v what_o right_o arise_v from_o covenant_n and_o contract_n what_o interpretation_n be_v to_o be_v make_v of_o league_n what_o force_n and_o what_o interpretation_n be_v to_o be_v make_v of_o oath_n both_o public_a and_o private_a what_o may_v be_v due_a for_o damage_n do_v what_o sanctimony_n be_v due_a to_o ambassador_n what_o right_o to_o bury_v the_o dead_a and_o what_o the_o nature_n of_o punishment_n be_v and_o the_o like_a our_o three_o book_n treat_v of_o that_o which_o be_v in_o war_n lawful_a three_o of_o the_o three_o and_o have_v distinguish_v between_o that_o which_o be_v not_o punishable_a or_o that_o which_o among_o foreign_a nation_n be_v defend_v as_o lawful_a and_o between_o that_o which_o be_v altogether_o blameless_a descend_v
but_o neither_o shall_v this_o move_v we_o for_o this_o be_v when_o the_o thing_n in_o controversy_n concern_v either_o the_o common_a good_a of_o both_o party_n confederate_a or_o the_o private_a profit_n of_o he_o that_o be_v superior_a in_o that_o league_n as_o to_o the_o thing_n of_o common_a concernment_n 11.22_o dan._n 11.22_o the_o assembly_n not_o sit_v he_o that_o be_v the_o prince_n of_o the_o league_n though_o it_o be_v a_o equal_a league_n do_v usual_o command_v his_o associate_n as_o agamemnon_n in_o the_o trojan_a expedition_n do_v the_o grecian_a prince_n and_o as_o afterward_o the_o lacedaemonian_n do_v the_o grecian_n and_o after_o they_o the_o athenian_n thucydides_n in_o that_o oration_n make_v by_o the_o corinthian_n say_v it_o very_o well_o become_v the_o prince_n of_o the_o league_n in_o private_a matter_n to_o deal_v equal_o but_o in_o public_a to_o be_v more_o than_o ordinary_o solicitous_a isocrates_n commend_v that_o excellent_a conduct_n of_o the_o ancient_a athenian_n in_o the_o manage_n of_o their_o social_a war_n say_v that_o they_o take_v care_n for_o all_o without_o entrench_v upon_o the_o liberty_n of_o any_o and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o allow_v they_o to_o command_v but_o not_o to_o domineer_v it_o be_v well_o worth_a our_o observation_n that_o what_o the_o latin_n express_v by_o the_o word_n imperare_fw-la to_o command_v the_o greek_n more_o modest_o express_v by_o the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o dispose_v or_o set_v in_o order_n the_o athenian_n to_o who_o the_o conduct_n of_o the_o war_n against_o the_o persian_n be_v commit_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d say_v thucydides_n do_v order_v which_o city_n shall_v contribute_v money_n and_o which_o ship_n and_o they_o that_o be_v send_v from_o rome_n into_o greece_n 24._o plinii_n ep_v lib._n 8._o c._n 24._o be_v say_v to_o be_v send_v to_o give_v order_n for_o the_o well_o govern_v of_o the_o free_a city_n now_o if_o he_o that_o be_v the_o principal_a party_n in_o a_o equal_a league_n do_v thus_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v wonder_v at_o if_o he_o that_o in_o a_o unequal_a league_n be_v superior_a in_o honour_n and_o dignity_n do_v the_o same_o for_o the_o word_n imperium_fw-la that_o be_v empire_n take_v in_o this_o sense_n as_o it_o signify_v only_o a_o ordinance_n and_o appointment_n equal_o conduce_v to_o the_o common_a good_a do_v not_o at_o all_o imply_v the_o loss_n of_o the_o other_o liberty_n 37._o livy_n l._n 37._o the_o rhodian_o in_o their_o oration_n to_o the_o roman_a senate_n thus_o bespeak_v they_o the_o grecians_n be_v wont_a to_o defend_v their_o empire_n with_o their_o own_o force_n but_o their_o empire_n where_o now_o it_o be_v they_o wish_v that_o it_o may_v remain_v for_o ever_o they_o be_v now_o well_o content_v to_o defend_v their_o liberty_n with_o your_o arm_n 15._o lib._n 15._o be_v no_o long_o able_a to_o do_v it_o with_o their_o own_o so_o diodorus_n tell_v we_o that_o after_o the_o take_n of_o the_o cadmean_a fort_n by_o the_o theban_n many_o of_o the_o grecian_a city_n meet_v and_o agree_v among_o themselves_o that_o every_o city_n in_o greece_n shall_v enjoy_v its_o own_o freedom_n yet_o the_o conduct_n of_o the_o war_n shall_v be_v give_v to_o the_o athenian_n and_o yet_o dion_n prusaeensis_n speak_v of_o those_o very_a athenian_n in_o the_o time_n of_o philip_n of_o macedon_n say_v that_o have_v at_o that_o time_n lose_v their_o command_n in_o the_o war_n they_o retain_v only_o their_o own_o liberty_n so_o those_o people_n which_o caesar_n reckon_v to_o be_v under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o suevian_o he_o by_o and_o by_o call_v his_o confederate_n but_o in_o such_o thing_n as_o appertain_v to_o his_o own_o particular_a profit_n the_o request_n of_o he_o that_o be_v superior_a in_o the_o league_n be_v usual_o take_v for_o command_n not_o that_o they_o be_v so_o indeed_o but_o that_o they_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o their_o usual_a effect_n equivalent_a to_o command_n for_o he_o need_v no_o force_n who_o know_v himself_o to_o be_v fear_v armatae_fw-la sunt_fw-la regum_fw-la praeces_fw-la the_o request_n of_o king_n have_v the_o same_o power_n as_o command_n and_o a_o denial_n how_o just_a soever_o shall_v be_v by_o they_o as_o ill_o digest_v as_o a_o injury_n it_o be_v never_o hear_v of_o say_v livy_n before_o caius_n posthumius_fw-la that_o any_o consul_n be_v either_o chargeable_a or_o burdensome_a to_o our_o associate_n in_o any_o thing_n and_o therefore_o be_v our_o magistrate_n supply_v abundant_o with_o mule_n pavilion_n and_o all_o other_o instrument_n of_o war_n that_o so_o they_o may_v not_o require_v they_o from_o our_o associate_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n it_o sometime_o so_o fall_v out_o subjection_n the_o weak_a associate_n sometime_o reduce_v unto_o subjection_n that_o if_o he_o that_o be_v superior_a in_o the_o league_n be_v much_o more_o potent_a than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o confederate_n he_o may_v by_o degree_n at_o length_n usurp_v the_o sovereignty_n over_o they_o especial_o if_o the_o league_n be_v perpetual_a and_o that_o he_o have_v thereby_o a_o right_a to_o place_v garrison_n in_o any_o of_o their_o strong_a town_n as_o the_o athenian_n sometime_o do_v when_o they_o suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v appeal_v unto_o from_o their_o associate_n 34._o hal._n l._n 6._o livy_n l._n 34._o which_o by_o the_o lacedaemonian_n be_v never_o do_v wherefore_o isocrates_n equal_v the_o government_n that_o the_o athenian_n exercise_v in_o those_o day_n over_o their_o associate_n with_o that_o of_o king_n and_o absolute_a prince_n so_o the_o latin_n in_o livy_n complain_v against_o the_o roman_n that_o under_o the_o specious_a title_n of_o be_v associate_n in_o war_n they_o be_v reduce_v into_o a_o mere_a subjection_n which_o society_n in_o arm_n plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o aratus_n call_v a_o gentle_a slavery_n 4._o hist_o 4._o so_o festus_n rufus_n in_o tacitus_n concern_v the_o rhodian_o at_o first_o they_o live_v in_o great_a freedom_n till_o afterward_o the_o roman_n gentle_o urge_v they_o they_o be_v bring_v by_o little_a and_o little_a into_o a_o habit_n of_o subjection_n so_o the_o aetolian_n likewise_o complain_v that_o they_o have_v nothing_o leave_v they_o but_o the_o bare_a shadow_n and_o empty_a name_n of_o liberty_n so_o likewise_o afterward_o the_o achaian_n complain_n that_o they_o have_v indeed_o a_o league_n in_o appearance_n but_o be_v at_o length_n bring_v into_o a_o precarious_a servitude_n the_o like_a complaint_n civilis_fw-la batavus_fw-la in_o tacitus_n make_v against_o the_o same_o roman_n that_o they_o use_v they_o not_o as_o former_o like_o companion_n but_o usurp_v and_o insult_v over_o they_o as_o mere_a slave_n and_o in_o another_o place_n they_o false_o call_v that_o peace_n which_o be_v indeed_o but_o a_o miserable_a slavery_n thus_o eumenes_n also_o in_o livy_n concern_v the_o confederate_n of_o the_o rhodian_o that_o they_o be_v their_o associate_n in_o name_n but_o their_o vassal_n indeed_o thus_o also_o magnetes_n in_o polybius_n say_v that_o demetrias_n be_v in_o show_n free_a but_o in_o effect_v all_o thing_n be_v do_v there_o at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o roman_n the_o thessalian_n likewise_o be_v in_o appearance_n free_a but_o indeed_o under_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o macedonian_n as_o the_o same_o polybius_n testify_v now_o when_o these_o thing_n be_v do_v and_o so_o do_v as_o by_o patient_a endurance_n they_o may_v by_o mistake_n be_v say_v to_o be_v right_o do_v whereof_o we_o shall_v elsewhere_o discourse_v more_o full_o then_o either_o of_o companion_n they_o be_v make_v subject_n or_o certain_o there_o must_v be_v a_o partition_n of_o the_o supremacy_n which_o as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o may_v sometime_o happen_v xxii_o of_o such_o as_o pay_v tribute_n they_o that_o pay_v any_o thing_n either_o in_o satisfaction_n of_o wrong_n past_a or_o to_o be_v protect_v against_o injury_n to_o come_v be_v by_o thucydides_n call_v tributary_n associate_n such_o be_v the_o king_n of_o the_o hebrew_n and_o of_o their_o neighbour_n nation_n after_o the_o time_n of_o m._n anthony_n free_a though_o under_o a_o certain_a tribute_n nor_o do_v i_o see_v any_o cause_n to_o doubt_v but_o that_o they_o that_o reign_v so_o have_v supreme_a power_n within_o their_o respective_a dominion_n and_o have_v a_o full_a right_a to_o punish_v delinquent_n according_a to_o their_o own_o law_n thus_o m._n anthony_n defend_v king_n herod_n be_v accuse_v for_o murder_a aristobulus_n that_o it_o be_v neither_o just_a nor_o right_a to_o call_v a_o king_n to_o a_o account_n for_o what_o he_o do_v as_o a_o king_n for_o if_o so_o he_o can_v not_o be_v a_o king_n for_o common_a equity_n require_v that_o they_o that_o give_v he_o that_o honour_n shall_v permit_v he_o the_o free_a use_n of_o that_o sovereign_a power_n which_o be_v appendent_a unto_o it_o so_o
king_n though_o wicked_a for_o certain_o he_o by_o who_o providence_n all_o king_n reign_n will_v pursue_v the_o regicide_n with_o vengeance_n inevitable_o to_o reproach_v any_o private_a man_n false_o be_v forbid_v by_o the_o law_n but_o of_o a_o king_n wicked_a king_n must_v not_o be_v revile_v much_o less_o kill_v though_o wicked_a we_o must_v not_o speak_v evil_a though_o he_o deserve_v it_o because_o as_o he_o that_o write_v the_o problem_n father_v upon_o aristotle_n say_v he_o that_o speak_v evil_a of_o the_o governor_n scandalize_v the_o whole_a city_n so_o joab_n conclude_v concern_v shimei_n as_o josephus_n testify_v shall_v thou_o not_o die_v who_o presume_v to_o curse_v he_o who_o god_n have_v place_v in_o the_o throne_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o law_n say_v julian_n be_v very_o severe_a on_o the_o behalf_n of_o prince_n for_o he_o that_o be_v injurious_a unto_o they_o do_v wilful_o trample_v upon_o the_o law_n themselves_o misopogoris_fw-la misopogoris_fw-la now_o if_o we_o must_v not_o speak_v evil_a of_o king_n much_o less_o must_v we_o do_v evil_a against_o they_o david_n repent_v but_o for_o offer_v violence_n to_o saul_n garment_n so_o great_a be_v the_o reverence_n that_o he_o bear_v to_o his_o person_n and_o deserve_o for_o since_o their_o sovereign_a power_n can_v but_o expose_v they_o to_o the_o general_a hatred_n therefore_o it_o be_v fit_a that_o their_o security_n shall_v especial_o be_v provide_v for_o this_o say_v quintilian_n be_v the_o fate_n of_o such_o as_o sit_v at_o the_o stern_a of_o government_n that_o they_o can_v discharge_v their_o duty_n faithful_o nor_o provide_v for_o the_o public_a safety_n without_o the_o envy_n of_o many_o king_n the_o law_n be_v severe_a in_o the_o defence_n of_o king_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n be_v the_o person_n of_o king_n guard_v with_o such_o severe_a law_n which_o seem_v like_o draco_n to_o be_v write_v in_o blood_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o those_o enact_v by_o the_o roman_n for_o the_o security_n of_o their_o tribune_n whereby_o their_o person_n become_v inviolable_a among_o other_o wise_a say_n of_o the_o esseni_n this_o be_v one_o that_o the_o person_n of_o king_n shall_v be_v hold_v as_o sacred_a and_o that_o of_o homer_n be_v as_o notable_a his_o chief_a care_n be_v for_o the_o king_n that_o nothing_o shall_v endanger_v he_o and_o no_o marvel_n for_o as_o st._n chrysostom_n well_o observe_v if_o any_o man_n kill_v a_o sheep_n why_o 1_o tim._n 1._o and_o why_o he_o but_o lessen_v the_o number_n of_o they_o but_o if_o he_o kill_v the_o shepherd_n he_o dissipate_v the_o whole_a flock_n the_o very_a name_n of_o a_o king_n as_o curtius_n tell_v we_o among_o such_o nation_n as_o be_v govern_v by_o king_n be_v as_o venerable_a as_o that_o of_o god_n so_o artabanus_n the_o persian_a them_o plut._n them_o among_o many_o and_o those_o most_o excellent_a law_n we_o have_v this_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o best_a which_o command_v we_o to_o adore_v our_o king_n as_o the_o very_a image_n of_o god_n who_o be_v the_o saviour_n of_o all_o and_o therefore_o as_o plutarch_n speak_v nec_fw-la fas_fw-la nec_fw-la licitum_fw-la est_fw-la regis_fw-la corpori_fw-la manus_fw-la infer_v it_o be_v not_o permit_v by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o man_n to_o offer_v violence_n to_o the_o person_n of_o a_o king_n but_o as_o the_o same_o plutarch_n in_o another_o place_n tell_v we_o the_o principal_a part_n of_o valour_n be_v to_o save_v he_o that_o save_v all_o if_o the_o eye_n observe_v a_o blow_n threaten_v the_o head_n the_o hand_n be_v instruct_v by_o nature_n interpose_v itself_o as_o prefer_v the_o safety_n of_o the_o head_n whereupon_o all_o the_o other_o member_n depend_v before_o their_o own_o wherefore_o as_o cassiodore_n note_n pater_fw-la de_fw-fr pater_fw-la he_o that_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o own_o life_n redeem_v the_o life_n of_o his_o prince_n do_v well_o own_o we_o be_v to_o prefer_v his_o life_n before_o our_o own_o if_o in_o so_o do_v he_o propose_v to_o himself_o the_o free_n of_o his_o own_o soul_n rather_o than_o that_o of_o another_o man_n body_n for_o as_o conscience_n teach_v he_o to_o express_v his_o fidelity_n to_o his_o sovereign_n so_o do_v right_a reason_n instruct_v he_o to_o prefer_v the_o life_n of_o his_o prince_n before_o the_o safety_n of_o his_o own_o body_n but_o here_o a_o more_o difficult_a question_n arise_v as_o namely_o whether_o what_o be_v lawful_a for_o david_n and_o the_o maccabee_n nothing_o whether_o david_n example_n and_o the_o maccabee_n be_v sufficient_a to_o justify_v christian_n in_o like_a case_n 1_o pet._n 4.12_o 13_o 14_o 15_o 16._o christ_n advice_n be_v to_o flee_v where_o the_o duty_n of_o our_o call_n will_v permit_v but_o beyond_o that_o nothing_o be_v likewise_o lawful_a for_o we_o christian_n or_o whether_o christ_n who_o so_o often_o enjoin_v we_o to_o take_v up_o our_o cross_n do_v not_o require_v from_o we_o a_o great_a measure_n of_o patience_n sure_o where_o our_o superior_n threaten_v we_o with_o death_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o religion_n our_o saviour_n advise_v such_o as_o be_v not_o oblige_v by_o the_o necessary_a duty_n of_o their_o calling_n to_o reside_v in_o any_o one_o place_n to_o flee_v but_o beyond_o this_o nothing_o st._n peter_n tell_v we_o that_o christ_n in_o suffer_v leave_v we_o a_o ensample_n who_o though_o he_o know_v no_o sin_n nor_o have_v any_o guile_n find_v in_o his_o mouth_n yet_o be_v revile_v he_o revile_v not_o again_o when_o he_o suffer_v he_o threaten_v not_o but_o remit_v his_o cause_n to_o he_o that_o judge_v righteous_o nay_o he_o advise_v we_o to_o give_v thanks_o unto_o god_n and_o to_o rejoice_v when_o we_o suffer_v persecution_n for_o our_o religion_n and_o we_o may_v read_v how_o mighty_o christian_n religion_n have_v grow_v and_o be_v advance_v by_o this_o admirable_a gift_n of_o patience_n wherefore_o how_o injurious_a to_o those_o ancient_a christian_n who_o live_v in_o or_o near_o the_o time_n of_o either_o the_o apostle_n themselves_o or_o man_n true_o apostolical_a must_v needs_o be_v well_o instruct_v in_o their_o discipline_n and_o consequent_o walk_v more_o exact_o according_a to_o their_o rule_n yet_o suffer_v death_n for_o their_o faith_n how_o injurious_a i_o say_v to_o these_o man_n be_v they_o who_o hold_v that_o they_o want_v not_o a_o will_v to_o resist_v but_o rather_o a_o power_n to_o defend_v themselves_o at_o the_o approach_n of_o death_n sure_o tertullian_n have_v never_o be_v so_o imprudent_a nay_o impudent_a as_o so_o confident_o to_o have_v affirm_v such_o a_o untruth_n tertullian_n so_o tertullian_n whereof_o he_o know_v the_o emperor_n can_v not_o be_v ignorant_a when_o he_o write_v thus_o unto_o he_o if_o we_o have_v a_o will_n to_o take_v our_o private_a revenge_n or_o to_o act_v as_o public_a enemy_n can_v we_o want_v either_o number_n of_o man_n or_o store_v of_o warlike_a provision_n be_v the_o moor_n german_n parthian_n or_o the_o people_n of_o any_o one_o nation_n more_o than_o those_o of_o the_o whole_a world_n we_o though_o stranger_n yet_o do_v fill_v all_o place_n in_o your_o dominion_n your_o city_n island_n castle_n fort_n assembly_n your_o very_a camp_n tribe_n court_n palace_n senate_n only_o your_o temple_n we_o leave_v to_o yourselves_o for_o what_o war_n have_v not_o we_o always_o declare_v ourselves_o fit_a and_o ready_a though_o in_o number_n of_o man_n we_o have_v sometime_o be_v very_o unequal_a how_o come_v it_o then_o to_o pass_v that_o we_o suffer_v death_n so_o meek_o so_o patient_o but_o that_o we_o be_v instruct_v by_o our_o religion_n that_o it_o be_v much_o better_a to_o be_v kill_v than_o to_o kill_v cyprian_a also_o tread_v in_o his_o master_n step_n open_o declare_v that_o it_o be_v from_o the_o principle_n of_o their_o religion_n that_o christian_n be_v apprehend_v make_v no_o resistance_n nor_o attempt_v any_o revenge_n for_o injury_n unjust_o do_v they_o though_o they_o want_v neither_o number_n of_o man_n nor_o other_o mean_n to_o have_v resist_v but_o it_o be_v their_o confidence_n of_o some_o divine_a vengeance_n that_o will_v fall_v upon_o their_o persecutor_n that_o make_v they_o thus_o patient_a 5._o lib._n 5._o and_o that_o persuade_v the_o innocent_a to_o give_v way_n to_o the_o nocent_a so_o lactantius_n we_o be_v willing_a to_o confide_v in_o the_o majesty_n of_o god_n who_o be_v able_a as_o well_o to_o revenge_v the_o contempt_n do_v to_o himself_o as_o the_o injury_n and_o hardship_n do_v unto_o we_o wherefore_o though_o our_o suffering_n be_v such_o as_o can_v be_v express_v yet_o do_v we_o not_o mutter_v a_o word_n of_o discontent_n but_o refer_v ourselves_o whole_o to_o he_o who_o judge_v righteous_o joshua_n lib._n 6._o qu._n 10._o in_o joshua_n and_o to_o the_o same_o tune_n sing_v st._n augustin_n when_o prince_n err_v they_o
complain_v in_o the_o life_n of_o malchus_n 1._o malchus_n 4_o vid._n c._n sâ—scepimus_fw-la de_fw-fr homicide_n voluntario_fw-la &_o canon_n de_fw-mi his_o dist_n 1._o after_o the_o church_n of_o christ_n begin_v to_o be_v govern_v by_o christian_a prince_n she_o grow_v outward_o indeed_o more_o splendid_a but_o inward_o less_o virtuous_a fourteen_o whether_o the_o civil_a law_n do_v permit_v only_o or_o approve_v of_o this_o kind_n of_o intersection_n it_o be_v question_v by_o some_o whether_o the_o law_n at_o least_o the_o civil_a law_n as_o it_o have_v power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n in_o such_o case_n wherein_o it_o suffer_v a_o private_a person_n to_o kill_v a_o thief_n do_v so_o far_o legitimate_a the_o fact_n as_o to_o make_v it_o altogether_o blameless_a but_o this_o i_o can_v grant_v for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n the_o law_n itself_o have_v not_o the_o power_n of_o death_n over_o all_o its_o subject_n for_o every_o offence_n but_o for_o such_o crime_n only_o as_o deserve_v death_n and_o very_o probable_a be_v the_o opinion_n of_o scotus_n that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o adjudge_v any_o man_n to_o death_n unless_o it_o be_v for_o such_o crime_n as_o the_o moysaicall_a law_n punish_v with_o death_n with_o this_o addition_n only_o or_o for_o such_o crime_n as_o may_v be_v equal_o emballance_v with_o they_o neither_o do_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o will_n of_o god_n which_o alone_o can_v satisfy_v the_o mind_n concern_v this_o so_o great_a and_o weighty_a a_o matter_n so_o plain_o elsewhere_o appear_v as_o it_o do_v in_o that_o law_n of_o moses_n whereby_o the_o thief_n be_v not_o adjudge_v unto_o death_n beside_o the_o law_n neither_o aught_o nor_o usual_o do_v give_v unto_o any_o man_n a_o right_a to_o put_v a_o malefactor_n to_o death_n private_o though_o he_o deserve_v it_o unless_o it_o be_v for_o some_o great_a and_o horrible_a crime_n otherwise_o the_o authority_n of_o magistrate_n and_o court_n of_o judicature_n will_v soon_o dwindle_v to_o nothing_o wherefore_o when_o the_o law_n licentiate_n a_o man_n to_o kill_v a_o thief_n it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v that_o it_o rather_o tolerate_v than_o approve_v of_o the_o fact_n and_o that_o it_o acquit_v he_o only_o of_o the_o punishment_n but_o not_o that_o it_o give_v he_o a_o right_a to_o do_v it_o xv._o single_a combat_n when_o lawful_a from_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v we_o may_v collect_v that_o in_o two_o case_n single_a combat_n may_v be_v undertake_v by_o private_a man_n without_o sin_n in_o the_o first_o place_n if_o the_o challenger_n shall_v grant_v his_o adversary_n a_o licence_n to_o sight_n and_o otherwise_o threaten_v to_o kill_v he_o immediate_o in_o case_n he_o refuse_v in_o the_o next_o place_n when_o a_o king_n or_o a_o magistrate_n shall_v give_v licence_n to_o two_o malefactor_n equal_o deserve_v death_n to_o try_v it_o out_o by_o combat_n whether_o of_o they_o shall_v live_v and_o he_o that_o do_v so_o do_v not_o so_o right_o perform_v his_o duty_n as_o he_o may_v for_o it_o be_v much_o better_o if_o he_o intend_v to_o satisfy_v himself_o with_o the_o death_n of_o one_o only_a to_o determine_v which_o of_o they_o shall_v die_v by_o lot_n xvi_o of_o defence_n in_o a_o public_a war._n what_o we_o have_v hitherto_o say_v concern_v the_o right_o we_o have_v to_o defend_v our_o person_n and_o good_n belong_v principal_o to_o private_a war_n yet_o so_o as_o it_o ought_v also_o to_o be_v apply_v to_o a_o public_a some_o respect_n be_v have_v to_o the_o difference_n that_o be_v between_o they_o so_o say_v ammianus_n to_o all_o that_o be_v invade_v by_o a_o foreign_a power_n 5._o lib._n 23._o lib._n 5._o there_o be_v but_o one_o law_n and_o that_o perpetual_a namely_o by_o all_o possible_a mean_n to_o defend_v their_o own_o safety_n notwithstanding_o the_o force_n of_o any_o custom_n for_o as_o alâ—xâ—nder_v in_o herodotus_n tell_v his_o soldier_n he_o that_o be_v the_o aggressor_n have_v no_o colourable_a excuse_n for_o his_o injustice_n but_o he_o that_o defend_v himself_o only_o gather_v courage_n from_o a_o good_a conscience_n and_o fortify_v his_o hope_n in_o this_o that_o he_o do_v not_o infer_v a_o injury_n but_o repel_v one_o now_o in_o a_o private_a war_n this_o right_n of_o kill_v another_o be_v but_o momentany_a and_o determine_v as_o soon_o as_o the_o matter_n may_v be_v bring_v before_o a_o judge_n but_o in_o a_o public_a war_n which_o begin_v not_o till_o justice_n and_o judgement_n cease_v there_o this_o right_n last_v long_o be_v foment_v and_o perpetuate_v by_o such_o accident_n damage_n and_o wrong_n as_o be_v every_o day_n renew_v in_o the_o prosecution_n of_o the_o war._n beside_o in_o a_o private_a war_n we_o have_v scarce_o any_o other_o end_n than_o our_o own_o defence_n but_o the_o supreme_a power_n have_v a_o right_n not_o only_o to_o defend_v themselves_o but_o to_o be_v avenge_v on_o other_o whence_o it_o be_v likewise_o lawful_a for_o they_o not_o only_o to_o resist_v certain_a and_o present_a danger_n but_o to_o prevent_v such_o as_o seem_v to_o threaten_v afar_o off_o not_o direct_o for_o that_o as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v be_v injustice_n but_o indirect_o by_o revenge_v such_o wrong_n as_o be_v already_o begin_v although_o not_o â—uâ—ly_o consummate_v concern_v which_o we_o shall_v have_v cause_n to_o speak_v anon_o xvii_o when_o only_o to_o curb_v the_o power_n of_o a_o neighbour_n prince_n unlawful_a neither_o can_v we_o approve_v of_o that_o which_o some_o author_n do_v affirm_v for_o truth_n namely_o that_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n it_o be_v a_o sufficient_a ground_n of_o a_o just_a war_n to_o suppress_v the_o overswell_a power_n of_o some_o ambitious_a prince_n who_o if_o let_v alone_o may_v exceed_o annoy_v we_o that_o in_o our_o ordinary_a council_n of_o war_n 14._o alb._n gent._n lib._n 1._o c._n 14._o this_o usual_o come_v in_o debate_n i_o grant_v but_o not_o so_o much_o under_o this_o notion_n because_o it_o be_v just_o but_o as_o it_o be_v profitable_a so_o that_o in_o case_n the_o war_n for_o other_o cause_n be_v just_a for_o this_o cause_n it_o may_v prudential_o be_v undertake_v and_o this_o be_v all_o that_o the_o author_n before_o cite_v do_v in_o effect_n say_v but_o from_o a_o mere_a possibility_n that_o we_o may_v hereafter_o suffer_v wrong_a to_o conclude_v a_o present_a right_n or_o a_o necessity_n of_o do_v wrong_n will_v prove_v no_o good_a inference_n in_o a_o court_n of_o equity_n divis_fw-la bal._n lib._n 3._o the_o rer_n divis_fw-la for_o all_o humane_a affair_n be_v obnoxius_fw-la to_o so_o many_o contingency_n that_o no_o security_n can_v be_v expect_v in_o this_o life_n against_o all_o uncertain_a and_o ignote_n danger_n our_o safety_n consist_v not_o in_o our_o arm_n but_o in_o our_o innoxious_a prudence_n co_fw-la operate_n with_o the_o divine_a providence_n xviii_o defence_n in_o such_o as_o have_v give_v just_a cause_n of_o war_n unlawful_a nor_o less_o unsatisfied_a be_o i_o with_o their_o reason_n who_o affirm_v that_o their_o defence_n be_v just_a who_o have_v give_v a_o occasion_n of_o a_o just_a war._n because_o say_v they_o there_o be_v very_o few_o that_o will_v be_v content_v with_o such_o a_o measure_n of_o revenge_n as_o be_v proportionable_a to_o the_o injury_n they_o have_v receive_v for_o this_o very_a fear_n of_o what_o be_v to_o come_v be_v uncertain_a can_v justify_v we_o in_o the_o defence_n of_o injury_n already_o do_v for_o so_o the_o malefactor_n may_v justify_v his_o resistance_n of_o the_o public_a minister_n of_o justice_n by_o his_o fear_n that_o they_o will_v inflict_v a_o great_a punishment_n upon_o he_o than_o his_o crime_n deserve_v but_o he_o that_o give_v just_a cause_n of_o offence_n aught_o in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o tender_v such_o satisfaction_n as_o in_o the_o judgement_n of_o unbiased_a man_n be_v equivalent_a to_o the_o wrong_n do_v which_o if_o refuse_v then_o be_v his_o defence_n just_o 19_o 2_o king_n 18.7_o 14._o etc._n etc._n 19_o thus_o do_v hezekiah_n who_o for_o break_v the_o league_n which_o his_o ancestor_n have_v make_v with_o the_o king_n of_o assyria_n be_v threaten_v with_o war_n confess_v his_o fault_n and_o promise_v to_o pay_v whatsoever_o the_o say_a king_n shall_v impose_v upon_o he_o which_o be_v do_v when_o notwithstanding_o he_o be_v afterward_o invade_v with_o a_o powerful_a army_n trust_v to_o the_o justice_n of_o his_o cause_n he_o make_v his_o defence_n and_o have_v the_o most_o high_a god_n for_o his_o protector_n pontius_n samnis_n after_o he_o have_v make_v restitution_n to_o the_o roman_n of_o their_o good_n and_o deliver_v up_o the_o author_n of_o the_o war_n plead_v thus_o with_o they_o we_o have_v i_o hope_v appease_v the_o just_a wrath_n of_o heaven_n against_o we_o for_o our_o breach_n of_o the_o league_n and_o be_o
altogether_o discharge_v of_o the_o duty_n incumbent_a on_o he_o as_o a_o father_n nature_n itself_o will_v not_o admit_v of_o such_o a_o alienation_n but_o yet_o he_o may_v commit_v his_o son_n to_o another_o man_n to_o be_v feed_v and_o educate_v by_o way_n of_o substitution_n xxvii_o what_o power_n lord_n have_v over_o their_o slave_n the_o most_o ignoble_a of_o all_o subjection_n be_v that_o whereby_o a_o man_n give_v himself_o up_o to_o perfect_a slavery_n such_o be_v they_o among_o the_o german_n of_o who_o tacitus_n speak_v that_o sell_v themselves_o for_o food_n and_o raiment_n and_o of_o such_o there_o be_v great_a number_n among_o the_o grecian_n who_o as_o dion_n prusaeensis_n note_v of_o freeman_n become_v slave_n and_o perform_v their_o service_n according_a to_o article_n of_o agreement_n now_o that_o we_o call_v perfect_a bondage_n which_o tie_v a_o man_n during_o life_n to_o perform_v all_o manner_n of_o work_n for_o no_o other_o reward_n but_o food_n and_o clothing_n which_o if_o it_o extend_v itself_o to_o whatsoever_o conduce_v to_o the_o preservation_n of_o nature_n be_v not_o much_o to_o be_v grieve_v at_o for_o our_o continual_a labour_n be_v indifferent_o well_o recompense_v with_o a_o constant_a supply_n of_o thing_n necessary_a for_o life_n which_o they_o that_o hire_v out_o themselves_o by_o the_o day_n only_o do_v often_o want_v this_o the_o stoic_a possidonius_fw-la observe_v out_o of_o history_n that_o many_o in_o ancient_a time_n conscious_a of_o their_o own_o weakness_n to_o maintain_v themselves_o voluntary_o submit_v themselves_o to_o be_v command_v by_o other_o constant_o perform_v what_o they_o be_v able_a and_o receive_v from_o their_o lord_n whatsoever_o be_v necessary_a for_o they_o like_o he_o in_o plautus_n if_o i_o be_v free_a the_o charge_n be_v i_o but_o be_v bind_v that_o charge_n be_v thou_o xxviii_o whether_o this_o power_n extend_v to_o life_n and_o death_n no_o lord_n can_v have_v absolute_a power_n over_o the_o life_n and_o death_n of_o his_o slave_n if_o we_o respect_v internal_a justice_n for_o no_o man_n can_v take_v away_o the_o life_n of_o another_o and_o be_v guiltless_a unless_o it_o be_v for_o some_o capital_a crime_n commit_v and_o yet_o by_o the_o law_n of_o some_o nation_n he_o that_o shall_v kill_v his_o slave_n for_o what_o cause_n soever_o be_v indemnify_v as_o king_n be_v in_o all_o nation_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o vast_a and_o unlimited_a power_n for_o as_o seneca_n note_n if_o a_o servant_n dare_v not_o plead_v with_o his_o master_n for_o fear_n of_o suffer_v the_o worst_a of_o torment_n 22._o de_fw-fr benef_fw-fr lib._n 3._o c._n 22._o no_o more_o dare_v subject_n with_o their_o prince_n nor_o soldier_n with_o their_o general_n who_o have_v all_o of_o they_o equal_a right_n though_o under_o unequal_a title_n no_o master_n then_o have_v a_o just_a power_n to_o injure_v his_o slave_n but_o only_o as_o that_o be_v sometime_o improper_o call_v just_o which_o be_v do_v be_v not_o punishable_a such_o a_o right_o do_v solon_n give_v to_o parent_n over_o their_o own_o child_n and_o so_o do_v the_o ancient_a roman_a law_n witness_v that_o of_o sopater_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o he_o be_v a_o father_n to_o kill_v his_o own_o child_n if_o they_o offend_v for_o the_o law_n presume_v upon_o the_o father_n integrity_n have_v permit_v such_o a_o right_n unto_o he_o the_o like_a power_n say_v dion_z we_o find_v permit_v in_o many_o nation_n famous_a for_o wise_a and_o wholesome_a law_n xxix_o of_o the_o child_n of_o slave_n that_o be_v bear_v and_o breed_v in_o their_o master_n family_n slave_n vide_fw-la infra_fw-la ch._n 8._o §._o 18._o pliny_n l._n 10._o c._n 34._o de_fw-la columbis_fw-la lex_fw-la visigothica_n the_o sclavonian_a law_n judge_v the_o child_n by_o the_o father_n the_o law_n of_o england_n littleton_n de_fw-fr villanagio_n the_o roman_a law_n what_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v in_o this_o case_n if_o the_o parent_n can_v maintain_v the_o child_n but_o at_o the_o lord_n charge_v the_o child_n be_v a_o slave_n but_o of_o the_o child_n of_o captive_n which_o be_v bear_v of_o slave_n in_o their_o lord_n family_n there_o be_v yet_o a_o more_o difficult_a question_n for_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o of_o other_o nation_n concern_v captive_n as_o we_o shall_v elsewhere_o show_v as_o of_o brute_n beast_n so_o of_o people_n of_o a_o servile_a condition_n it_o hold_v true_a that_o partus_fw-la sequitur_fw-la ventrem_fw-la as_o be_v the_o mother_n so_o be_v the_o child_n but_o this_o notwithstanding_o be_v not_o altogether_o congruous_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n especial_o where_o the_o father_n of_o the_o child_n may_v be_v sufficient_o know_v for_o since_o even_o among_o dumb_a creature_n as_o pliny_n observe_v of_o dove_n amor_fw-la utrique_fw-la sobolis_fw-la aequalis_fw-la both_o parent_n be_v equal_o concern_v for_o their_o own_o young_a thereby_o acknowledge_v their_o common_a interest_n in_o they_o so_o also_o have_v not_o the_o civil_a law_n otherwise_o determine_v the_o child_n have_v follow_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o father_n no_o less_o than_o that_o of_o the_o mother_n for_o if_o the_o son_n say_v the_o visigothick_n law_n be_v bear_v and_o create_v by_o both_o parent_n why_o shall_v he_o follow_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o mother_n only_o who_o without_o the_o father_n can_v not_o beget_v he_o among_o the_o sclavonian_n as_o also_o in_o some_o part_n of_o italy_n among_o the_o lombard_n and_o saxon_n the_o child_n be_v account_v either_o bond_n or_o free_a from_o their_o father_n the_o law_n of_o england_n judge_n of_o the_o child_n not_o by_o the_o mother_n but_o by_o the_o father_n for_o the_o husband_n and_o wife_n be_v but_o one_o person_n in_o our_o law_n and_o the_o wife_n marry_v a_o freeman_n by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n the_o issue_n be_v free_a which_o law_n though_o different_a from_o the_o roman_a civil_a law_n yet_o as_o aquinus_n note_n do_v not_o much_o deviate_v from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o why_o not_o since_o among_o the_o roman_n by_o their_o mensian_a law_n if_o both_o the_o parent_n be_v alien_n the_o child_n bear_v of_o they_o be_v so_o too_o as_o ulpian_n tell_v we_o now_o let_v we_o admit_v that_o both_o the_o parent_n be_v slave_n it_o be_v worth_a our_o pain_n to_o know_v whether_o natural_o the_o child_n be_v so_o or_o not_o and_o certain_o if_o the_o parent_n have_v no_o other_o mean_n to_o breed_v up_o the_o child_n but_o in_o their_o lord_n family_n or_o at_o his_o charge_n they_o have_v a_o power_n to_o deliver_v he_o up_o to_o the_o lord_n for_o a_o slave_n for_o although_o the_o child_n be_v ingenuous_a and_o freeborn_a yet_o in_o such_o a_o case_n they_o have_v power_n by_o the_o law_n to_o sell_v he_o and_o in_o case_n the_o parent_n be_v servant_n to_o several_a master_n then_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n the_o child_n be_v to_o be_v divide_v between_o their_o respective_a lord_n but_o if_o they_o have_v but_o one_o child_n then_o of_o right_n it_o belong_v to_o he_o who_o slave_n the_o father_n be_v the_o lord_n of_o the_o mother_n be_v first_o satisfy_v for_o his_o half_a part_n and_o yet_o of_o the_o child_n of_o he_o that_o be_v bear_v in_o the_o house_n of_o his_o lord_n two_o part_n do_v accrue_v to_o his_o lord_n and_o but_o one_o to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o mother_n according_a to_o the_o edict_n of_o theodoric_n not_o otherwise_o not_o as_o cassiodore_n record_v now_o whereas_o i_o say_v before_o that_o the_o parent_n if_o they_o have_v not_o any_o mean_n to_o breed_v up_o their_o child_n but_o at_o the_o charge_n of_o their_o lord_n may_v deliver_v they_o up_o unto_o he_o as_o his_o slave_n it_o may_v seem_v that_o this_o power_n do_v natural_o arise_v from_o their_o supply_v they_o with_o food_n and_o other_o necessary_n and_o therefore_o where_o there_o be_v no_o such_o necessity_n as_o where_o there_o be_v other_o mean_n to_o breed_v they_o they_o have_v no_o right_a to_o sell_v they_o and_o so_o it_o be_v adjudge_v by_o charles_n the_o bald_a wherefore_o the_o right_a that_o these_o lord_n have_v in_o the_o child_n of_o their_o bond-servant_n spring_n from_o the_o many_o year_n alimony_n that_o be_v give_v they_o by_o the_o lord_n before_o they_o can_v be_v serviceable_a to_o he_o which_o they_o be_v to_o recompense_v by_o their_o future_a labour_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n the_o parent_n can_v dispose_v of_o they_o to_o any_o other_o man_n neither_o may_v the_o servant_n flee_v from_o his_o lord_n until_o full_a satisfaction_n be_v give_v unto_o that_o lord_n for_o the_o charge_n of_o their_o education_n but_o if_o the_o lord_n be_v too_o unmerciful_o cruel_a then_o that_o even_o they_o who_o have_v surrender_v themselves_o as_o slave_n may_v provide_v for_o their_o
that_o as_o those_o alienation_n so_o these_o infeudation_n of_o kingdom_n which_o king_n have_v make_v without_o the_o people_n consent_n yea_o and_o the_o remission_n of_o homage_n too_o have_v by_o many_o people_n be_v make_v void_a now_o the_o people_n be_v say_v to_o consent_n either_o when_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o they_o do_v meet_v to_o express_v it_o as_o the_o german_n and_o gaul_n be_v wont_a or_o when_o the_o several_a province_n do_v it_o by_o their_o deputy_n be_v thereunto_o sufficient_o authorise_v as_o in_o the_o german_a empire_n the_o consent_n of_o the_o prince_n elector_n do_v both_o by_o custom_n and_o covenant_n conclude_v all_o the_o order_n thereof_o in_o any_o alienation_n for_o whatsoever_o we_o do_v by_o another_o be_v repute_v our_o own_o act_n id_fw-la facimus_fw-la quod_fw-la per_fw-la alium_fw-la facimus_fw-la so_o neither_o can_v any_o part_n of_o a_o empire_n be_v mortgage_v without_o the_o like_a consent_n not_o only_o because_o it_o usual_o introduce_v a_o alienation_n but_o for_o that_o king_n be_v bind_v to_o their_o subject_n to_o exercise_v the_o sovereign_a power_n by_o themselves_o and_o so_o be_v the_o people_n in_o general_a to_o their_o respective_a part_n to_o conserve_v the_o administration_n of_o the_o empire_n entire_a this_o be_v the_o chief_a end_n of_o their_o consociation_n x._o inferior_a jurisdiction_n not_o alienable_a by_o the_o king_n but_o as_o to_o other_o lesser_a civil_a function_n i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o the_o people_n may_v not_o by_o a_o hereditary_a right_n grant_v they_o at_o their_o pleasure_n because_o they_o do_v not_o thereby_o diminish_v the_o entire_a body_n of_o the_o empire_n yet_o can_v a_o king_n do_v it_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n if_o we_o consine_n ourselves_o within_o the_o bound_n of_o nature_n because_o the_o effect_n of_o a_o temporary_a power_n such_o as_o elective_a and_o legal_o successive_a kingdom_n be_v can_v be_v but_o temporary_a yet_o may_v the_o people_n as_o well_o by_o their_o express_a consent_n as_o by_o their_o long_a continue_a silence_n give_v that_o right_n to_o their_o king_n for_o so_o the_o history_n of_o the_o mede_n and_o persian_n do_v inform_v we_o that_o their_o king_n usurp_v this_o right_a do_v ancient_o give_v away_o whole_a town_n and_o province_n to_o be_v hold_v by_o a_o perpetual_a right_n xi_o not_o the_o people_n patrimony_n that_o part_n of_o the_o people_n patrimony_n be_v among_o the_o ancient_a grecian_n a_o part_n of_o the_o common_a field_n the_o fruit_n whereof_o be_v design_v for_o the_o maintenance_n either_o of_o the_o public_a charge_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n or_o of_o the_o royal_a dignity_n can_v either_o in_o the_o whole_a or_o in_o any_o the_o least_o part_n thereof_o be_v alienate_v by_o king_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o three_o state_n that_o be_v the_o clergy_n noble_n and_o commons_o because_o they_o have_v no_o right_n to_o any_o thing_n more_o than_o to_o the_o present_a profit_n no_o not_o to_o the_o small_a part_n of_o it_o as_o i_o have_v say_v for_o quod_fw-la meum_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la ejus_fw-la nec_fw-la exiguam_fw-la partem_fw-la alienare_fw-la mihi_fw-la jus_o est_fw-la of_o that_o which_o be_v not_o i_o i_o can_v alienate_v the_o small_a part_n yet_o the_o people_n may_v soon_o be_v presume_v to_o consent_v by_o their_o knowledge_n and_o silence_n in_o such_o small_a matter_n than_o in_o great_a and_o the_o like_a may_v be_v presume_v in_o case_n of_o common_a profit_n or_o danger_n concern_v the_o alienation_n of_o some_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n if_o it_o be_v not_o of_o any_o great_a moment_n for_o that_o patrimony_n be_v at_o first_o institute_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o empire_n xii_o the_o patrimony_n to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o mean_a profit_n but_o many_o be_v deceive_v in_o that_o they_o do_v not_o right_o distinguish_v between_o the_o thing_n arise_v from_o the_o patrimony_n as_o its_o fruit_n or_o profit_n and_o the_o patrimony_n itself_o as_o for_o example_n the_o wash_n of_o the_o bank_n of_o a_o river_n be_v patrimonial_a but_o the_o increment_n which_o the_o flood_n produce_v be_v but_o the_o fruit_n and_o profit_n of_o it_o so_o the_o power_n and_o right_n of_o raise_v a_o tax_n be_v patrimonial_a but_o the_o money_n so_o raise_v be_v but_o the_o profit_n of_o that_o right_n the_o right_a to_o confiscate_v be_v patrimonial_a but_o the_o land_n confiscate_v be_v but_o the_o profit_n of_o that_o right_n xiii_o how_o far_o forth_o that_o part_n of_o the_o people_n patrimony_n may_v be_v pawn_v by_o the_o king_n and_o why_o those_o part_n of_o the_o people_n patrimony_n which_o be_v so_o design_v as_o aforesaid_a may_v upon_o just_a cause_n be_v pawn_v or_o mortgage_v by_o king_n that_o have_v full_a and_o absolute_a power_n that_o be_v that_o have_v power_n upon_o occasion_n to_o raise_v new_a tax_n upon_o their_o subject_n for_o as_o subject_n be_v bind_v to_o pay_v such_o tax_n so_o be_v they_o likewise_o bind_v to_o satisfy_v that_o for_o which_o any_o part_n of_o their_o patrimony_n be_v for_o the_o public_a good_a pawn_v the_o redemption_n whereof_o be_v some_o kind_n of_o tribute_n for_o the_o very_a patrimony_n of_o the_o people_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o pawn_n give_v to_o the_o king_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o public_a debt_n and_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v thus_o pawn_v to_o i_o i_o also_o have_v a_o right_a to_o pawn_v to_o another_o yet_o what_o have_v hitherto_o be_v say_v be_v of_o force_n unless_o it_o be_v where_o the_o law_n of_o the_o land_n do_v either_o enlarge_v or_o contract_v the_o power_n either_o of_o the_o prince_n or_o the_o people_n fourteen_o testament_n a_o kind_n of_o alienation_n this_o also_o must_v be_v observe_v that_o under_o this_o title_n of_o alienation_n we_o comprehend_v likewise_o testament_n for_o though_o testament_n as_o some_o other_o act_n also_o be_v behold_v to_o the_o civil_a law_n for_o their_o form_n yet_o be_v the_o matter_n of_o it_o near_o ally_v to_o dominion_n and_o it_o be_v grant_v to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n for_o a_o man_n may_v by_o testament_n give_v away_o his_o estate_n not_o only_o full_o 7._o arist_n pol._n l._n 2._o c._n 7._o but_o under_o certain_a condition_n nor_o irrevocable_o only_a but_o with_o a_o power_n to_o revoke_v and_o yet_o he_o may_v still_o keep_v the_o possession_n of_o what_o he_o so_o give_v with_o a_o full_a right_n of_o enjoy_v it_o for_o a_o testament_n be_v a_o alienation_n of_o a_o man_n estate_n at_o his_o death_n and_o revocable_a till_o then_o and_o yet_o reserve_v in_o himself_o the_o full_a possession_n and_o absolute_a fruition_n during_o life_n 12._o quint._n pater_fw-la vide_fw-la supra_fw-la bo._n 1._o ch_n 3._o §._o 12._o and_o therefore_o solon_n in_o permit_v his_o citizen_n to_o make_v their_o testament_n make_v they_o absolute_a lord_n and_o proprietor_n of_o what_o they_o have_v sure_o our_o estate_n will_v be_v but_o burdensome_a unto_o we_o if_o the_o power_n we_o have_v in_o it_o during_o life_n shall_v be_v take_v away_o from_o we_o at_o our_o death_n abraham_n in_o pursuance_n of_o this_o right_n have_v he_o die_v childless_a have_v lest_o by_o his_o testament_n all_o his_o estate_n to_o eliezer_n as_o we_o may_v collect_v from_o gen._n 15.2_o and_o the_o make_n of_o testament_n be_v of_o frequent_a use_n among_o the_o hebrew_n as_o may_v appear_v deut._n 21.16_o ecclus_n 33.25_o but_o that_o in_o some_o place_n it_o be_v not_o permit_v to_o stranger_n to_o make_v their_o will_n be_v not_o to_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n but_o to_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o some_o country_n and_o if_o i_o mistake_v not_o enact_v in_o such_o a_o age_n when_o all_o stranger_n be_v account_v enemy_n and_o therefore_o among_o the_o more_o civilise_a nation_n have_v long_o since_o be_v wear_v out_o of_o use_n chap._n vii_o of_o that_o right_a that_o be_v acquire_v by_o law_n and_o of_o succession_n from_o a_o intestate_a i._o of_o the_o civil_a law_n some_o be_v unjust_a and_o therefore_o can_v transfer_v a_o right_n as_o in_o thing_n shipwrack_v ii_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n a_o right_o may_v by_o gain_v in_o thing_n take_v from_o another_o for_o a_o just_a debt_n and_o when_o iii_o how_o succession_n to_o a_o intestates_fw-la estate_n do_v natural_o arise_v iv_o whether_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n any_o part_n of_o the_o parent_n good_n be_v due_a to_o their_o child_n explain_v by_o distinction_n v._o the_o child_n of_o the_o decease_a prefer_v to_o the_o estate_n before_o their_o parent_n and_o why_o vi_o the_o original_a of_o representative_a succession_n vii_o of_o abdication_n and_o exheredation_n viii_o of_o the_o right_n of_o natural_a issue_n ix_o where_o be_v no_o child_n nor_o will_v nor_o certain_a law_n extant_a
on_o be_v such_o as_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n may_v be_v revoke_v although_o the_o contract_n be_v agreeable_a to_o honesty_n and_o that_o a_o king_n be_v not_o therefore_o bind_v because_o he_o have_v swear_v but_o as_o every_o man_n may_v be_v bind_v by_o such_o just_a covenant_n so_o far_o as_o it_o concern_v the_o other_o party_n but_o we_o as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o distinguish_v so_o do_v we_o here_o between_o the_o act_n of_o king_n which_o they_o do_v as_o king_n and_o the_o private_a act_n of_o the_o same_o king_n for_o what_o they_o do_v as_o king_n in_o their_o politic_a capacity_n be_v so_o esteem_v as_o do_v by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o whole_a nation_n but_o over_o such_o act_n as_o the_o law_n make_v by_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n can_v have_v no_o power_n because_o the_o community_n can_v be_v superior_a to_o itself_o so_o neither_o can_v the_o prerogative_n law_n of_o a_o king_n null_a his_o own_o public_a act_n because_o a_o king_n can_v be_v superior_a to_o himself_o wherefore_o restitution_n which_o receive_v its_o vigour_n from_o the_o civil_a law_n only_o be_v of_o no_o force_n against_o such_o contract_n neither_o be_v those_o contract_n to_o be_v exempt_v which_o king_n make_v in_o their_o minority_n ii_o to_o what_o act_n of_o king_n the_o law_n extend_v without_o all_o question_n if_o the_o people_n elect_v a_o king_n yet_o not_o with_o full_a and_o absolute_a right_n but_o restrain_v he_o with_o some_o law_n then_o what_o act_v he_o shall_v do_v contrary_a to_o those_o law_n may_v by_o those_o law_n be_v make_v null_n either_o altogether_o or_o in_o part_n because_o the_o people_n do_v reserve_v that_o right_n unto_o themselves_o but_o if_o the_o king_n do_v reign_v in_o full_a right_n i._n e._n not_o bound_v by_o any_o law_n yet_o hold_v not_o his_o kingdom_n in_o propriety_n i._n e._n have_v no_o power_n to_o alienate_v it_o or_o any_o part_n of_o it_o or_o of_o its_o revenue_n all_o such_o act_n of_o his_o that_o shall_v tend_v to_o such_o a_o alienation_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n void_a because_o what_o he_o so_o alienates_v be_v not_o his_o own_o but_o the_o private_a act_n of_o a_o king_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v not_o as_o the_o act_n of_o the_o community_n but_o as_o the_o act_n of_o a_o part_n and_o be_v therefore_o make_v with_o a_o purpose_n that_o they_o may_v follow_v the_o common_a rule_n of_o the_o law_n whence_o it_o be_v that_o even_o the_o law_n which_o make_v void_a some_o act_n either_o simple_o or_o if_o the_o person_n damnify_v will_n shall_v take_v place_n even_o here_o also_o as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v contract_v upon_o this_o condition_n so_o we_o have_v see_v some_o king_n who_o have_v consult_v the_o law_n for_o remedy_n against_o extortion_n yet_o may_v a_o king_n if_o he_o please_v exempt_v from_o those_o law_n his_o own_o act_n as_o well_o as_o other_o man_n but_o whether_o he_o will_v so_o do_v or_o not_o must_v be_v gather_v from_o circumstance_n if_o he_o do_v then_o shall_v the_o mere_a law_n of_o nature_n determine_v the_o case_n yet_o with_o this_o proviso_n that_o where_o the_o law_n do_v make_v void_a any_o private_a man_n act_n not_o in_o favour_n to_o the_o person_n act_v but_o as_o his_o punishment_n those_o law_n be_v of_o no_o force_n against_o the_o act_n of_o king_n nor_o indeed_o any_o other_o penal_a law_n nor_o any_o thing_n else_o that_o imply_v vim_o cogendi_fw-la a_o power_n coercive_a for_o to_o punish_v and_o to_o compel_v can_v proceed_v but_o from_o two_o different_a and_o distinct_a will_n and_o so_o from_o distinct_a person_n neither_o can_v the_o compeller_n and_o the_o compel_v be_v any_o one_o person_n though_o under_o diverse_a respect_n iii_o when_o king_n be_v bind_v by_o their_o oath_n and_o when_o not_o a_o king_n may_v make_v void_a his_o own_o oath_n as_o a_o private_a man_n antecedenter_n i._n e._n if_o by_o a_o former_a oath_n he_o have_v deprive_v himself_o of_o the_o power_n to_o oblige_v himself_o by_o oath_n to_o any_o such_o thing_n but_o consequent_o he_o can_v for_o herein_o also_o be_v require_v a_o distinction_n of_o person_n beside_o to_o every_o such_o absolution_n it_o be_v requisite_a that_o in_o the_o very_a oath_n before_o take_v there_o shall_v have_v be_v this_o limitation_n or_o exception_n either_o express_v or_o imply_v nisi_fw-la superior_a voluerit_fw-la unless_o my_o prince_n command_v the_o contrary_a which_o in_o the_o oath_n of_o a_o king_n can_v be_v admit_v because_o this_o be_v to_o make_v a_o king_n superior_a to_o himself_o or_o to_o make_v his_o oath_n still_o to_o depend_v upon_o his_o own_o will_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o oath_n and_o whereas_o a_o oath_n though_o make_v may_v confer_v no_o right_n to_o another_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o default_n in_o that_o person_n yet_o be_v he_o that_o swear_v bind_v before_o god_n to_o make_v good_a what_o he_o have_v so_o promise_v as_o be_v before_o say_v and_o thus_o also_o be_v king_n bind_v by_o their_o oath_n which_o they_o make_v no_o less_o than_o private_a man_n though_o bodinus_fw-la think_v otherwise_o iv_o how_o far_o a_o king_n be_v bind_v by_o those_o promise_n which_o he_o make_v without_o cause_n we_o have_v likewise_o already_o show_v that_o full_a and_o absolute_a promise_n be_v accept_v of_o do_v natural_o transfer_v our_o right_n to_o another_o now_o this_o hold_v as_o well_o in_o king_n as_o in_o private_a man_n their_o opinion_n therefore_o be_v not_o to_o be_v admit_v who_o say_v that_o king_n be_v not_o bind_v by_o their_o promise_n which_o they_o make_v without_o good_a cause_n which_o notwithstanding_o may_v in_o some_o sense_n be_v true_a as_o we_o shall_v show_v anon_o v._o of_o what_o use_n that_o which_o have_v be_v say_v of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o law_n about_o the_o contract_n of_o king_n that_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o a_o kingdom_n have_v no_o power_n over_o the_o covenant_n and_o contract_n of_o a_o king_n be_v well_o acknowledge_v by_o vasquius_fw-la but_o that_o which_o he_o will_v thence_o infer_v namely_o that_o what_o be_v by_o he_o buy_v or_o sell_v for_o no_o price_n certain_a or_o what_o be_v by_o he_o let_v or_o take_v to_o hire_v without_o any_o rent_n agree_v on_o or_o what_o he_o shall_v give_v away_o in_o fee_n without_o any_o write_n or_o grant_v under_o his_o hand_n shall_v be_v of_o force_n we_o can_v admit_v for_o these_o act_n be_v do_v by_o he_o not_o as_o a_o king_n but_o as_o any_o private_a person_n and_o over_o such_o act_n as_o these_o not_o only_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o that_o nation_n but_o even_o the_o municipal_a law_n of_o that_o city_n wherein_o the_o king_n reside_v have_v power_n because_o the_o king_n for_o some_o special_a reason_n place_v himself_o there_o as_o a_o member_n of_o that_o corporation_n unless_o it_o shall_v appear_v by_o good_a circumstance_n that_o it_o be_v his_o will_n that_o those_o act_n of_o his_o shall_v be_v exempt_v from_o the_o power_n of_o those_o law_n but_o that_o other_o example_n bring_v by_o the_o same_o vasquius_fw-la concern_v a_o promise_n any_o way_n make_v do_v very_o well_o agree_v and_o may_v be_v explain_v by_o what_o have_v be_v before_o say_v vi_o in_o what_o sense_n a_o king_n may_v be_v oblige_v to_o his_o subject_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n only_o or_o by_o civil_a law_n that_o which_o civilian_n do_v general_o affirm_v that_o the_o covenant_n which_o a_o king_n enter_v into_o with_o his_o subject_n do_v oblige_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n only_o and_o not_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n be_v somewhat_o obscure_a for_o that_o be_v sometime_o corrupt_o say_v by_o the_o lawgiver_n natural_o to_o oblige_v which_o be_v only_o agreeable_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o honesty_n but_o yet_o can_v proper_o be_v say_v to_o be_v due_a as_o for_o a_o executor_n to_o pay_v the_o entire_a legacy_n without_o defalcation_n though_o he_o have_v not_o the_o four_o part_n of_o the_o testator_n estate_n leave_v he_o or_o to_o pay_v a_o just_a debt_n though_o the_o creditor_n be_v make_v by_o the_o law_n uncapable_a of_o receive_v it_o or_o to_o requite_v a_o courtesy_n receive_v all_o which_o can_v no_o way_n be_v recover_v by_o any_o action_n at_o law_n sometime_o again_o that_o be_v more_o proper_o say_v natural_o to_o oblige_v which_o be_v indeed_o true_o obligatory_a whether_o it_o be_v such_o as_o transfer_v a_o right_a unto_o another_o as_o in_o contract_n or_o such_o as_o transfer_v none_o as_o in_o a_o full_a and_o firm_a pollicitation_n maimonides_n the_o jew_n do_v very_o apt_o distinguish_v between_o these_o three_o whatsoever_o come_v more_o than_o be_v due_a fall_v under_o the_o notion_n of_o mercy_n which_o
be_v about_o word_n only_o which_o a_o philosopher_n shall_v principal_o avoid_v for_o as_o he_o that_o write_v to_o herennius_n true_o note_n vitiosum_fw-la est_fw-la controversiam_fw-la intendere_fw-la propter_fw-la nominum_fw-la mutationem_fw-la 2._o lib._n 2._o to_o heighten_v controversy_n about_o the_o change_n of_o name_n be_v vicious_a and_o as_o st_n augustine_n argue_v against_o the_o academic_n turpe_fw-la est_fw-la disputationibus_fw-la in_o verborum_fw-la quaestione_fw-la immorari_fw-la cùm_fw-la certamen_fw-la nullum_fw-la de_fw-la rebus_fw-la remanserit_fw-la it_o be_v absurd_a to_o contest_v about_o word_n only_o when_o there_o remain_v no_o difference_n at_o all_o about_o thing_n xxiv_o yea_o and_o after_o the_o penal_a law_n but_o the_o pardon_v of_o offence_n after_o the_o penal_a law_n be_v past_a seem_v to_o be_v more_o inconsistent_a with_o the_o integrity_n of_o a_o prince_n because_o he_o that_o be_v the_o author_n of_o the_o law_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n bind_v up_o by_o his_o own_o law_n which_o be_v true_a as_o the_o lawmaker_n be_v a_o member_n of_o the_o city_n and_o as_o so_o only_o consider_v but_o not_o as_o he_o sustain_v the_o authority_n 12._o vid._n sup_v c._n 4._o sect._n 12._o and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o body_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n for_o as_o such_o he_o may_v take_v away_o even_o the_o whole_a law_n for_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o humane_a law_n be_v such_o that_o it_o depend_v upon_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lawmaker_n not_o in_o respect_n of_o its_o institution_n only_o but_o of_o its_o continuation_n they_o humane_a law_n alterable_a by_o he_o that_o make_v they_o but_o in_o case_n he_o do_v subvert_v or_o take_v away_o any_o law_n without_o some_o probable_a reason_n or_o cause_n he_o sin_n against_o the_o rule_n of_o polity_n but_o as_o he_o may_v take_v away_o the_o whole_a law_n so_o also_o may_v he_o take_v away_o the_o condemn_a power_n of_o the_o law_n as_o to_o this_o or_o that_o person_n or_o to_o this_o or_o that_o particular_a fact_n the_o same_o law_n remain_v in_o force_n as_o to_o other_o by_o the_o example_n of_o god_n himself_o who_o as_o lactantius_n observe_v when_o he_o institute_v law_n for_o man_n do_v not_o intend_v to_o deprive_v himself_o of_o the_o power_n of_o pardon_v such_o as_o shall_v offend_v against_o those_o law_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o a_o prince_n to_o revoke_v the_o sentence_n of_o death_n and_o to_o absolve_v a_o person_n though_o condemn_v to_o die_v say_v st_n augustine_n whereof_o he_o add_v this_o as_o the_o reason_n quia_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la subjectus_fw-la legibus_fw-la qui_fw-la habet_fw-la in_o potestate_fw-la leges_fw-la far_o because_o he_o be_v not_o subject_a unto_o law_n in_o who_o power_n it_o be_v to_o make_v law_n for_o the_o condition_n of_o a_o magistrate_n be_v one_o and_o the_o condition_n of_o a_o prince_n be_v another_o the_o magistrate_n be_v corrupt_a if_o his_o sentence_n be_v more_o remiss_a than_o the_o law_n but_o to_o mitigate_v the_o rigour_n of_o a_o severe_a law_n be_v sometime_o the_o glory_n of_o a_o prince_n seneca_n speak_v in_o the_o person_n of_o nero_n say_v occidere_fw-la contra_fw-la legem_fw-la nemo_fw-la potest_fw-la 63._o symmachus_n lib._n 3._o ep._n 63._o seruare_fw-la nemo_fw-la praeter_fw-la i_o kill_v contrary_a to_o law_n no_o man_n can_v and_o save_v none_o can_v beside_o myself_o but_o this_o also_o must_v be_v understand_v so_o that_o it_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v do_v without_o probable_a cause_n but_o what_o these_o probable_a cause_n be_v though_o it_o can_v be_v particular_o define_v yet_o must_v we_o grant_v that_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v great_a after_o the_o law_n be_v past_a than_o those_o that_o be_v look_v at_o before_o because_o unto_o the_o other_o cause_n for_o which_o punishment_n be_v require_v there_o be_v superad_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o law_n which_o be_v fit_a shall_v be_v maintain_v xxv_o cause_n free_v from_o punishment_n intrinsic_a 1._o intrinsic_a but_o the_o cause_n exempt_n any_o man_n from_o the_o penalty_n of_o the_o law_n be_v usual_o either_o intrinsical_v or_o extrinsical_a intrinsical_a as_o when_o the_o punishment_n compare_v with_o the_o fact_n be_v severe_a if_o not_o unjust_a xxvi_o or_o extrinsical_a extrinsical_a when_o a_o man_n former_a merit_n or_o some_o other_o thing_n commend_v the_o person_n offend_v plead_v strong_o for_o his_o pardon_n or_o when_o we_o discern_v some_o extraordinary_a hope_n of_o future_a good_a in_o the_o delinquent_n but_o especial_o if_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n do_v at_o least_o particular_o cease_v in_o that_o fact_n for_o which_o the_o punishment_n be_v to_o be_v inflict_v for_o although_o the_o general_a reason_n of_o a_o law_n where_o it_o be_v not_o counterballance_v with_o a_o contrary_a reason_n be_v sufficient_a to_o uphold_v the_o vigour_n of_o the_o law_n yet_o the_o fail_v even_o of_o that_o which_o be_v the_o particular_a reason_n of_o the_o law_n do_v so_o far_o operate_v that_o the_o law_n may_v more_o easy_o and_o with_o less_o detriment_n to_o authority_n be_v dispense_v with_o as_o gratian_n prove_v by_o many_o instance_n 7._o c._n 1._o q._n 7._o and_o this_o usual_o fall_v out_o in_o such_o sin_n as_o be_v commit_v through_o ignorance_n though_o not_o altogether_o blameless_a or_o through_o infirmity_n of_o mind_n which_o haply_o may_v though_o not_o without_o much_o difficulty_n be_v overcome_v whereunto_o a_o christian_a prince_n ought_v to_o have_v some_o regard_n in_o imitation_n of_o god_n himself_o who_o in_o the_o jewish_a law_n do_v merciful_o provide_v that_o most_o sin_n of_o this_o nature_n shall_v by_o some_o kind_n of_o sacrifice_n be_v expiate_v as_o we_o may_v read_v in_o the_o four_o and_o five_o chapter_n of_o leviticus_n and_o as_o in_o the_o new_a testament_n we_o may_v find_v confirm_v both_o by_o word_n and_o example_n wherein_o he_o declare_v how_o willing_a he_o be_v to_o pardon_v such_o sin_n to_o those_o that_o repent_v as_o luke_n 23.34_o heb._n 4.15_o 1_o tim._n 1.13_o and_o by_o those_o very_a word_n of_o christ_n father_n forgive_v they_o for_o they_o know_v not_o what_o they_o do_v by_o which_o word_n theodosius_n the_o emperor_n be_v so_o wrought_v upon_o that_o he_o free_o forgive_v the_o antiochian_o who_o he_o have_v purpose_v to_o destroy_v as_o st_n chrysostome_n record_v xxvii_o yea_o though_o no_o such_o exemption_n be_v tacit_o include_v in_o the_o law_n hence_o than_o we_o may_v discern_v the_o error_n of_o ferdinandus_n vasquius_fw-la who_o teach_v that_o the_o law_n be_v in_o no_o case_n to_o be_v dispense_v with_o but_o only_o to_o such_o wherein_o the_o lawmaker_n have_v he_o be_v consult_v with_o will_v have_v confess_v that_o it_o be_v not_o his_o intent_n that_o in_o that_o case_n his_o law_n shall_v be_v observe_v for_o vasquius_fw-la there_o do_v not_o well_o distinguish_v between_o the_o equitable_a interpretation_n of_o the_o law_n and_o the_o relaxation_n of_o it_o whence_o it_o be_v that_o in_o another_o place_n he_o reprove_v thomas_n and_o scotus_n for_o say_v that_o the_o law_n be_v bind_v though_o the_o reason_n of_o that_o law_n do_v particular_o cease_v as_o if_o they_o take_v the_o law_n to_o consist_v in_o the_o bare_a letter_n which_o they_o never_o think_v but_o every_o relaxation_n of_o the_o law_n which_o may_v be_v and_o often_o be_v either_o grant_v or_o omit_v free_o at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o prince_n be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v refer_v to_o equity_n proper_o so_o call_v that_o even_o that_o relaxation_n which_o be_v due_a either_o out_o of_o charity_n or_o polity_n be_v not_o to_o be_v refer_v thither_o for_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o take_v away_o the_o efficacy_n of_o the_o law_n upon_o some_o probable_a cause_n or_o upon_o some_o urgent_a occasion_n and_o another_o thing_n to_o declare_v that_o that_o fact_n be_v not_o at_o the_o law-making_a so_o much_o as_o think_v upon_o by_o the_o maker_n of_o it_o but_o let_v this_o suffice_v concern_v the_o take_n away_o the_o punishment_n now_o let_v we_o see_v what_o may_v be_v say_v concern_v their_o infliction_n xxviii_o all_o punishment_n be_v award_v according_a to_o man_n merit_n by_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v it_o appear_v that_o in_o punishment_n two_o thing_n be_v considerable_a first_o the_o merit_n of_o the_o crime_n second_o the_o profit_n that_o redound_v by_o the_o punishment_n as_o to_o the_o former_a nemo_fw-la puniendus_fw-la est_fw-la ultra_fw-la meritum_fw-la no_o man_n ought_v to_o be_v punish_v beyond_o the_o merit_n of_o his_o offence_n for_o as_o i_o say_v before_o there_o aught_o to_o be_v a_o equality_n between_o the_o sin_n and_o the_o punishment_n according_a to_o that_o of_o horace_n 15._o epist_n 15._o adsit_fw-la regula_n peccatis_fw-la quae_fw-la poenas_fw-la irroget_fw-la aequas_fw-la let_v sin_n have_v rule_n which_o equal_a pain_n require_v and_o not_o plague_v
miracle_n that_o be_v wrought_v by_o he_o and_o his_o apostle_n which_o thing_n be_v matter_n of_o fact_n though_o of_o old_a confirm_v to_o have_v be_v do_v by_o most_o irrefragable_a testimony_n yet_o of_o old_a so_o that_o this_o be_v a_o question_n of_o fact_n and_o that_o now_o of_o great_a antiquity_n much_o more_o may_v this_o be_v question_v by_o such_o as_o now_o live_v so_o many_o age_n distant_a from_o that_o age_n wherein_o they_o be_v do_v as_o well_o as_o the_o truth_n of_o their_o history_n which_o be_v as_o ancient_a as_o that_o be_v especial_o by_o those_o who_o never_o hear_v of_o they_o before_o nor_o have_v any_o of_o those_o help_v either_o inward_a or_o outward_a which_o be_v necessary_a to_o beget_v faith_n and_o therefore_o we_o say_v that_o faith_n be_v not_o by_o nature_n but_o by_o grace_n and_o that_o as_o when_o god_n give_v it_o it_o be_v not_o as_o the_o reward_n of_o any_o plead_a merit_n so_o when_o he_o deny_v it_o or_o give_v it_o more_o spare_o it_o be_v for_o cause_n not_o indeed_o unjust_a though_o unto_o we_o for_o the_o most_o part_n unknown_a and_o so_o not_o at_o all_o punishable_a by_o humane_a law_n to_o this_o purpose_n be_v that_o canon_n of_o the_o toletane_a council_n make_v whereby_o it_o be_v decree_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v enforce_v thenceforth_o to_o christianity_n 9_o rom._n 9_o for_o it_o be_v say_v he_o will_v have_v mercy_n on_o who_o he_o will_v have_v mercy_n and_o who_o he_o will_v he_o hardenenh_o so_o josephus_n every_o man_n ought_v to_o worship_n god_n willing_o and_o free_o and_o not_o by_o compulsion_n it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n to_o attribute_v that_o to_o the_o will_n of_o god_n whereof_o no_o probable_a cause_n can_v be_v assign_v by_o man_n wherefore_o since_o it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o man_n to_o give_v a_o reason_n why_o some_o man_n do_v believe_v and_o other_o not_o though_o both_o have_v the_o same_o outward_a help_n and_o mean_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o we_o resolve_v all_o such_o doubt_n in_o god_n will_v say_v he_o will_v have_v mercy_n on_o who_o he_o will_v have_v mercy_n and_o who_o he_o will_v he_o harden_v neither_o be_v this_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n only_o but_o it_o be_v usual_a with_o profane_a author_n who_o when_o in_o doubtful_a case_n they_o find_v not_o reason_n sufficient_a to_o inform_v their_o judgement_n supply_v that_o defect_n with_o a_o sic_fw-la visum_fw-la thus_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o second_o thing_n observable_a be_v that_o christ_n the_o author_n of_o the_o new_a law_n do_v never_o intend_v that_o any_o man_n shall_v be_v compel_v to_o receive_v it_o by_o temporal_a punishment_n or_o drive_v thereunto_o by_o the_o fear_n of_o they_o we_o have_v not_o receive_v say_v st_n paul_n the_o spirit_n of_o bondage_n to_o fear_n 13.24_o jo._n 6.67_o luke_n 9.54_o matth._n 13.24_o rom._n 8.15_o so_o heb._n 2.15_o in_o which_o sense_n it_o be_v very_o true_a what_o tertullian_n say_v nova_fw-la lex_fw-la non_fw-la se_fw-la vindicat_fw-la ultore_fw-la gladio_fw-la the_o gospel_n do_v not_o call_v for_o the_o sword_n to_o avenge_v its_o injury_n isidore_n speak_v of_o sisebutus_n king_n of_o spain_n say_v that_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n be_v inflame_v with_o a_o zeal_n for_o god_n glory_n though_o not_o according_a to_o knowledge_n he_o compel_v the_o jew_n to_o christianity_n by_o the_o power_n of_o the_o sword_n who_o he_o ought_v to_o have_v win_v to_o the_o faith_n by_o meek_a and_o gentle_a persuasion_n and_o for_o this_o very_a cause_n be_v the_o latter_a king_n of_o spain_n high_o blame_v by_o osorius_n and_o mariana_n in_o the_o constitution_n of_o clement_n it_o be_v say_v of_o christ_n that_o he_o leave_v to_o every_o man_n the_o free_a power_n of_o his_o own_o will_n not_o punish_v the_o breach_n of_o his_o law_n with_o temporal_a death_n but_o call_v they_o to_o a_o account_n for_o it_o in_o the_o life_n to_o come_v so_o our_o bless_a lord_n leave_v every_o man_n to_o his_o own_o will_n make_v proclamation_n open_o to_o all_o if_o any_o man_n will_v come_v after_o i_o vanitate_fw-la vid._n cypr._n ep._n 55._o &_o the_o idolor_n vanitate_fw-la etc._n etc._n and_o to_o his_o apostle_n will_v you_o also_o forsake_v i_o as_o leave_v it_o to_o their_o own_o choice_n without_o lay_v any_o enforcement_n upon_o their_o will_n and_o whereas_o in_o the_o parable_n of_o the_o great_a supper_n it_o be_v say_v that_o some_o be_v compel_v to_o come_v in_o it_o be_v answer_v 14.23_o luke_n 14.23_o that_o as_o in_o that_o parable_n the_o word_n compel_v argue_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o vehement_a solicitation_n so_o also_o be_v it_o to_o be_v understand_v in_o the_o moral_a of_o that_o parable_n in_o which_o sense_n the_o same_o word_n be_v take_v luke_n 24.29_o and_o not_o otherwise_o matth._n 14.22_o mark_v 6.45_o gal._n 2.14_o procopius_n in_o his_o secret_a history_n tell_v we_o that_o justinian_n the_o emperor_n be_v by_o many_o very_a wise_a man_n tax_v for_o compel_v the_o samarite_n by_o force_n and_o menace_n to_o christianity_n add_v thereunto_o the_o inconvenience_n that_o be_v likely_a to_o arise_v thereupon_o xlix_o that_o war_n may_v just_o be_v make_v against_o they_o that_o persecute_v christian_n as_o such_o but_o they_o that_o persecute_v other_o for_o no_o other_o cause_n but_o because_o they_o either_o teach_v or_o profess_v the_o christian_a religion_n be_v most_o unreasonable_a for_o certain_o our_o christian_a doctrine_n consider_v in_o its_o sincerity_n without_o any_o commixture_n contain_v nothing_o prejudicial_a to_o humane_a society_n nay_o that_o do_v not_o rather_o advance_v it_o it_o shall_v speak_v for_o itself_o and_o its_o enemy_n shall_v confess_v no_o less_o pliny_n report_v of_o the_o christian_n of_o his_o time_n that_o they_o have_v oblige_v themselves_o by_o oath_n to_o abstain_v from_o theft_n and_o robbery_n and_o not_o to_o break_v their_o faith_n with_o any_o man_n ammianus_n speak_v of_o our_o religion_n say_v that_o it_o teach_v nothing_o but_o what_o be_v just_a and_o merciful_a so_o do_v arnobius_n treat_v of_o christian_a assembly_n wherein_o say_v he_o nothing_o be_v hear_v but_o what_o exhort_v to_o humanity_n meekness_n bashfulness_n modesty_n chastity_n and_o communicate_v of_o their_o good_n to_o all_o man_n as_o if_o they_o be_v all_o link_v together_o by_o brotherly_a love_n and_o it_o be_v the_o usual_a character_n that_o the_o very_a heathen_a give_v of_o it_o that_o it_o be_v secta_fw-la nemini_fw-la molesta_fw-la a_o sect_n of_o religion_n offensive_a to_o none_o zozimus_fw-la though_o a_o pagan_a give_v this_o testimony_n of_o the_o christian_a faith_n that_o it_o be_v a_o promise_n and_o engagement_n to_o be_v free_a from_o all_o crime_n and_o from_o all_o impiety_n 2._o apolog._n 2._o so_o likewise_o tertullian_n we_o say_v he_o be_v coadjutor_n and_o fellow-labourer_n with_o you_o in_o establish_v the_o peace_n of_o the_o empire_n instruct_v our_o auditor_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o any_o man_n to_o conceal_v himself_o from_o god_n whether_o he_o be_v a_o evil_a doer_n a_o thief_n a_o traitor_n or_o a_o just_a person_n as_o also_o that_o every_o man_n shall_v be_v adjudge_v to_o eternal_a either_o life_n or_o death_n according_a to_o the_o merit_n of_o his_o deed_n tertullian_n also_o observe_v that_o it_o be_v a_o common_a byword_n in_o his_o time_n bone_fw-la vir_fw-la cajus_n sejus_n tantum_fw-la quod_fw-la christianus_n he_o be_v a_o honest_a man_n only_o he_o be_v a_o christian_n and_o if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o all_o innovation_n be_v to_o be_v fear_v especial_o conventicle_n and_o private_a assembly_n i_o answer_v that_o those_o doctrine_n though_o new_a be_v least_o to_o be_v fear_v that_o teach_v all_o thing_n that_o be_v just_a and_o honest_a but_o principal_o those_o that_o exact_v due_a obedience_n to_o magistrate_n neither_o shall_v the_o private_a assembly_n of_o just_a and_o innocent_a man_n be_v either_o envy_v or_o suspect_v especial_o of_o such_o as_o desire_v not_o to_o abscond_v themselves_o unless_o they_o be_v persecute_v and_o here_o i_o may_v just_o apply_v unto_o these_o christian_a assembly_n what_o philo_n record_v that_o augustus_n say_v of_o the_o jewish_a convention_n legatione_n in_o legatione_n non_fw-la eos_fw-la bacchanalia_fw-la esse_fw-la aut_fw-la coetus_fw-la turbandae_fw-la paci_fw-la sed_fw-la virtutum_fw-la scholas_fw-la that_o such_o meeting_n be_v not_o for_o revel_v or_o for_o sedition_n but_o mere_a academy_n for_o virtue_n they_o therefore_o that_o persecute_v such_o man_n 108._o aquin._n secunda_fw-la secundae_fw-la q._n 108._o and_o that_o for_o this_o only_a cause_n may_v themselves_o just_o be_v persecute_v upon_o this_o ground_n it_o be_v that_o constantine_n make_v war_n against_o licinius_n and_o other_o emperor_n against_o the_o persian_n
〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o savageness_n proper_a to_o wild_a beast_n only_o and_o so_o do_v seneca_n 7._o lib._n 2._o the_o clem_v cap._n 7._o non_fw-la crudelitatem_fw-la sed_fw-la feritatem_fw-la dicimus_fw-la we_o can_v so_o proper_o call_v it_o cruelty_n as_o a_o kind_n of_o savage_a fierceness_n to_o delight_v in_o blood_n we_o may_v also_o call_v it_o madness_n whereof_o as_o there_o be_v divers_a kind_n so_o be_v there_o divers_a symptom_n but_o none_o more_o certain_a than_o that_o which_o delight_v in_o humane_a slaughter_n wherewith_o accord_v that_o of_o aristotle_n he_o be_v cruel_a with_o a_o witness_n who_o be_v so_o far_o transport_v with_o a_o thirst_n after_o humane_a blood_n that_o he_o make_v no_o difference_n between_o friend_n and_o foe_n and_o that_o also_o of_o dion_n prusiensis_fw-la to_o engage_v ourselves_o in_o unnecessary_a war_n and_o to_o rush_v into_o battle_n without_o any_o provocation_n be_v a_o mere_a madness_n so_o likewise_o say_v seneca_n 37._o orat._n 37._o there_o be_v few_o or_o none_o so_o savage_a as_o to_o shed_v humane_a blood_n prodigal_o and_o that_o for_o blood_n sake_n only_o iii_o the_o war_n that_o have_v no_o justify_v cause_n be_v but_o predatory_a most_o man_n that_o make_v war_n have_v some_o cause_n that_o move_v they_o thereto_o some_o whereof_z have_v matter_n sufficient_a to_o justify_v they_o other_o none_o at_o all_o of_o this_o latter_a sort_n be_v that_o war_n make_v by_o the_o heruli_n against_o the_o lombard_n a_o war_n without_o any_o pretence_n whatsoever_o and_o such_o be_v the_o war_n make_v by_o the_o gaul_n as_o livy_n testify_v who_o think_v the_o best_a right_a to_o consist_v in_o their_o arm_n and_o that_o the_o long_a sword_n may_v take_v all_o but_o in_o the_o account_n of_o the_o roman_a law_n qui_fw-la rogatus_fw-la de_fw-fr possidendi_fw-la causa_fw-la nullam_fw-la aliam_fw-la adfert_fw-la quam_fw-la quod_fw-la possideat_fw-la praedae_fw-la est_fw-la he_o who_o be_v demand_v by_o what_o right_a he_o hold_v any_o thing_n can_v show_v none_o but_o that_o have_v get_v it_o he_o will_v keep_v it_o be_v hold_v to_o be_v a_o thief_n a_o pirate_n or_o a_o usurper_n of_o another_o man_n right_a so_o aristotle_n of_o such_o as_o excite_v other_o to_o war_n say_v that_o they_o regard_v not_o at_o all_o whether_o to_o subdue_v their_o innocent_a neighbour_n be_v just_a or_o not_o such_o a_o one_o be_v brennus_n who_o hold_v that_o he_o have_v the_o best_a right_n to_o all_o who_o be_v strong_a of_o all_o such_o a_o one_o silius_n thought_n annibal_n to_o be_v pro_fw-la foedere_fw-la próque_fw-la justitia_fw-la est_fw-la ensis_fw-la who_o sword_n do_v awe_v both_o league_n and_o law_n and_o such_o be_v attila_n and_o all_o those_o who_o look_v not_o at_o the_o cause_n but_o at_o the_o success_n of_o war_n according_a to_o that_o vulgar_a say_n of_o most_o soldier_n quaeritur_fw-la belli_fw-la exitus_fw-la non_fw-la causa_fw-la it_o be_v not_o the_o cause_n but_o the_o end_n that_o crown_v the_o war._n for_o when_o once_o the_o dispute_n come_v to_o blow_n the_o vanquish_a party_n can_v by_o the_o strength_n of_o argument_n convince_v the_o conqueror_n that_o he_o be_v in_o a_o error_n nor_o shall_v reason_n be_v hear_v when_o the_o sword_n have_v decide_v the_o quarrel_n haec_fw-la acies_fw-la victum_fw-la factura_fw-la nocentem_fw-la est_fw-la this_o battle_n will_v the_o vanquish_v guilty_a make_v for_o let_v the_o cause_n be_v what_o it_o will_v the_o conquer_a party_n must_v be_v guilty_a still_o whereunto_o that_o of_o st_n augustine_n may_v very_o fit_o be_v apply_v 6._o de_fw-fr civit._n l._n 4._o c._n 6._o to_o invade_v the_o dominion_n of_o our_o neighbour_n prince_n and_o be_v encourage_v by_o success_n to_o proceed_v by_o force_n of_o arm_n to_o waste_v their_o country_n and_o out_o of_o mere_a ambition_n to_o destroy_v those_o who_o never_o injure_v we_o quid_fw-la aliud_fw-la nisi_fw-la grande_fw-fr latrocinium_fw-la nominandum_fw-la est_fw-la what_o can_v we_o call_v this_o but_o a_o grand_a robbery_n of_o such_o war_n as_o these_o thus_o speak_v vellejus_n that_o they_o be_v make_v for_o no_o other_o cause_n but_o for_o pay_v and_o plunder_v so_o think_v cicero_n also_o that_o pride_n and_o haughtiness_n of_o spirit_n â—_o de_fw-fr off._n lib._n â—_o whereby_o we_o confront_v danger_n and_o endure_v all_o manner_n of_o hardship_n be_v no_o part_n of_o true_a valour_n if_o justice_n be_v want_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n speak_v agathias_n 2._o lib._n 2._o they_o who_o be_v transport_v either_o with_o a_o insatiable_a desire_n of_o rule_n or_o of_o riches_n or_o by_o a_o violent_a hatred_n shall_v without_o any_o other_o cause_n invade_v another_o man_n dominion_n forasmuch_o as_o they_o offend_v those_o that_o be_v inoffensive_a these_o man_n say_v he_o be_v both_o proud_a and_o dishonest_a of_o the_o same_o mind_n be_v andronicus_n rhodius_n they_o who_o to_o enrich_v themselves_o do_v rob_v other_o be_v account_v wicked_a impious_a and_o unjust_a and_o such_o be_v tyrant_n and_o they_o who_o for_o plunder_v make_v city_n desolate_a 1._o ferinum_fw-la est_fw-la ad_fw-la caedes_fw-la &_o vastationes_fw-la nulla_fw-la accepta_fw-la injuria_fw-la venire_fw-la see_v bo._n 2._o chap._n 1._o §._o 1._o concern_v who_o philo_n upon_o the_o decalogue_n write_v thus_o they_o that_o have_v get_v the_o power_n of_o thief_n and_o robber_n that_o spoil_v whole_a city_n be_v secure_v from_o punishment_n by_o be_v above_o the_o law_n these_o be_v man_n of_o a_o barbarous_a nature_n ambitious_a of_o rule_n and_o dominion_n commit_v great_a robbery_n yet_o cloak_v their_o villainy_n under_o the_o specious_a name_n of_o magistracy_n and_o empire_n which_o may_v more_o proper_o be_v call_v notorious_a villainy_n for_o to_o waste_v and_o depopulate_v country_n be_v by_o no_o injury_n provoke_v be_v brutish_a cruelty_n iv_o some_o cause_n be_v specious_a but_o not_o just_a other_o there_o be_v that_o pretend_v to_o make_v war_n upon_o just_a and_o warrantable_a ground_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v thorough_o search_v into_o will_v be_v find_v unjust_a and_o as_o livy_n speak_v a_o contest_v not_o to_o be_v decide_v by_o law_n or_o justice_n but_o by_o plain_a force_n some_o prince_n say_v plutarch_n make_v the_o same_o use_n of_o peace_n and_o war_n as_o private_a man_n do_v of_o money_n not_o always_o for_o just_a end_n but_o for_o end_n suitable_a to_o their_o own_o fancy_n now_o though_o what_o cause_n be_v unjust_a may_v be_v in_o some_o measure_n know_v by_o those_o that_o be_v just_a rectum_fw-la enim_fw-la est_fw-la obliqui_fw-la judex_fw-la for_o by_o a_o line_n that_o be_v straight_o we_o may_v easy_o discern_v that_o which_o be_v crooked_a yet_o for_o plainness_n and_o perspicuity_n we_o shall_v insist_v upon_o the_o principal_a head_n of_o they_o v._o as_o a_o uncertain_a fear_n and_o first_o our_o fear_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o swell_a power_n of_o our_o neighbour_n prince_n be_v no_o sufficient_a ground_n for_o a_o just_a war_n for_o that_o our_o defence_n by_o arm_n be_v just_a it_o ought_v to_o be_v necessary_a which_o it_o can_v be_v unless_o we_o be_v most_o assure_v not_o only_o that_o he_o against_o who_o we_o make_v war_n have_v a_o power_n to_o do_v we_o wrong_n but_o that_o he_o have_v also_o a_o full_a purpose_n and_o resolution_n so_o to_o do_v which_o certain_o ought_v to_o be_v such_o as_o take_v place_n in_o moral_a matter_n that_o therefore_o our_o neighbour_n be_v not_o restrain_v by_o any_o former_a agreement_n build_v a_o fort_n in_o any_o part_n of_o his_o own_o dominion_n from_o whence_o we_o may_v be_v hereafter_o annoy_v be_v no_o just_a ground_n for_o we_o to_o make_v war_n upon_o he_o because_o for_o prevention_n we_o also_o may_v do_v the_o like_a in_o any_o part_n of_o our_o own_o territory_n 1._o zonaras_n pausanias_n lib._n 1._o or_o apply_v ourselves_o to_o other_o the_o like_a remedy_n and_o not_o by_o war._n whence_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o war_n make_v by_o the_o roman_n against_o philip_n of_o macedon_n and_o that_o make_v by_o lysimachus_n against_o demetrius_n be_v unjust_a unless_o warrant_v by_o the_o access_n of_o some_o other_o cause_n cauchi_n the_o cauchi_n i_o be_o very_a well_o satisfy_v with_o that_o of_o tacitus_n concern_v the_o cauchi_n the_o noble_a people_n of_o all_o germany_n who_o say_v he_o support_v their_o grandeur_n by_o justice_n without_o any_o extraordinary_a affectation_n either_o of_o glory_n or_o riches_n and_o yet_o without_o any_o disability_n or_o want_n of_o power_n to_o either_o they_o live_v quiet_o and_o without_o noise_n provoke_v no_o war_n nor_o be_v they_o waste_v by_o spoil_n or_o pillage_n spain_n though_o our_o own_o uncertain_a fear_n be_v no_o sufficient_a ground_n for_o we_o to_o make_v war_n yet_o may_v we_o use_v all_o lawful_a mean_n cautious_o to_o prevent_v danger_n before_o they_o fall_v this_o be_v
christian_a doctrine_n x._o single_a combat_n permit_v near_o of_o kin_n unto_o this_o be_v single_a combat_n between_o competitor_n the_o use_n whereof_o be_v not_o altogether_o to_o be_v reject_v for_o where_o two_o person_n stand_v in_o competition_n for_o one_o thing_n which_o can_v be_v divide_v be_v ready_a to_o embroil_v a_o whole_a nation_n in_o blood_n it_o be_v much_o better_o and_o more_o just_a that_o one_o shall_v perish_v for_o all_o than_o that_o all_o shall_v perish_v for_o one_o only_a in_o which_o case_n that_o of_o jocasta_n in_o seneca_n be_v good_a advice_n otho_n plut._n otho_n theb._n theb._n rex_fw-la sit_fw-la è_fw-la vobis_fw-la uter_fw-la manente_fw-la regno_fw-la quaerite_fw-la try_v which_o of_o you_o shall_v reign_v but_o let_v the_o kingdom_n still_o remain_v and_o this_o if_o not_o justifiable_a in_o the_o competitor_n themselves_o yet_o may_v it_o well_o be_v accept_v of_o by_o the_o people_n if_o offer_v as_o be_v of_o two_o evil_n by_o much_o the_o lesser_a thus_o metius_n in_o livy_n bespeak_v tullus_n 5._o lib._n 5._o let_v we_o agree_v about_o some_o way_n whereby_o it_o may_v be_v determine_v whether_o of_o we_o two_o shall_v reign_v over_o the_o other_o without_o the_o effusion_n of_o so_o much_o blood_n or_o the_o slaughter_n of_o either_o of_o our_o people_n strabo_n set_v it_o down_o as_o a_o ancient_a custom_n among_o the_o grecian_n and_o aeneas_n in_o virgil_n account_v it_o a_o very_a just_a thing_n that_o the_o quarrel_n between_o turnus_n and_o he_o shall_v have_v be_v thus_o decide_v 11._o aen._n 11._o fitter_n it_o have_v be_v for_o turnus_n thus_o to_o have_v die_v and_o for_o this_o cause_n it_o be_v that_o m._n anthony_n challenge_v caesar_n to_o a_o single_a combat_n as_o plutarch_n record_v ant._n vit._n ant._n sure_o it_o be_v that_o among_o other_o custom_n of_o the_o ancient_a franc_n agathias_n high_o commend_v this_o who_o word_n be_v worthy_a of_o eternal_a memory_n be_v to_o this_o purpose_n no_o soon_o do_v any_o quarrel_n arise_v between_o their_o king_n but_o immediate_o they_o betake_v themselves_o to_o their_o arm_n they_o raise_v army_n and_o march_n against_o each_o other_o so_o furious_o as_o if_o nothing_o but_o a_o absolute_a conquest_n can_v end_v the_o controversy_n but_o yet_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o army_n meet_v and_o face_v they_o present_o lay_v aside_o all_o animosity_n and_o make_v peace_n thereby_o enforce_v as_o it_o be_v their_o king_n to_o dispute_v their_o grievance_n rather_o by_o law_n than_o arm_n or_o if_o that_o please_v they_o not_o then_o to_o end_v their_o quarrel_n with_o the_o peril_n of_o their_o own_o life_n only_o as_o judge_v it_o neither_o just_a nor_o reasonable_a nor_o indeed_o agreeable_a to_o their_o national_a custom_n for_o their_o king_n to_o sacrifice_v the_o commonwealth_n to_o their_o private_a hatred_n wherefore_o they_o instant_o disband_v their_o army_n reconcile_v their_o prince_n and_o make_v peace_n tanta_fw-la in_o subditis_fw-la cura_fw-la justitiae_fw-la &_o patriae_fw-la amor_fw-la in_fw-la regibus_fw-la animus_n placidus_fw-la &_o suis_fw-la obsequens_fw-la so_o great_a in_o the_o subject_n be_v their_o esteem_n of_o justice_n and_o love_n to_o their_o country_n and_o in_o their_o king_n their_o moderation_n of_o spirit_n and_o their_o compliance_n with_o the_o people_n in_o order_n to_o their_o common_a safety_n xi_o in_o case_n equal_o dubious_a the_o present_a occupant_a have_v the_o best_a right_n although_o where_o the_o equity_n of_o the_o cause_n be_v doubtful_a both_o party_n be_v oblige_v to_o seek_v after_o condition_n of_o peace_n to_o prevent_v the_o misery_n of_o war_n yet_o do_v it_o more_o concern_v he_o that_o demand_n than_o he_o that_o enjoy_v what_o the_o other_o require_v as_o in_o the_o like_o equal_a cause_n melior_fw-la est_fw-la possidentis_fw-la conditio_fw-la the_o title_n of_o the_o present_a occupant_a be_v presume_v to_o be_v best_a as_o be_v most_o agreeable_a not_o only_o to_o civil_a but_o to_o natural_a right_n the_o reason_n whereof_o we_o have_v already_o give_v elsewhere_o out_o of_o aristotle_n problem_n whereunto_o we_o must_v here_o add_v that_o war_n can_v be_v lawful_o make_v by_o he_o who_o though_o he_o know_v his_o title_n to_o what_o he_o claim_v to_o be_v good_a yet_o can_v produce_v evidence_n sufficient_a to_o convince_v the_o present_a occupant_a of_o the_o illegality_n of_o his_o possession_n because_o he_o have_v not_o a_o right_a to_o compel_v his_o adversary_n to_o leave_v his_o possession_n xii_o if_o neither_o be_v possess_v than_o a_o partition_n be_v just_a where_o the_o right_a be_v equal_o ambiguous_a and_o neither_o party_n in_o possession_n or_o both_o equal_o than_o he_o be_v to_o be_v repute_v unjust_a that_o shall_v refuse_v a_o equal_a partition_n of_o the_o thing_n controvert_v be_v offer_v unto_o he_o xiii_o whether_o a_o war_n may_v be_v on_o both_o side_n just_a explain_v by_o many_o distinction_n by_o what_o have_v be_v herein_o say_v it_o will_v be_v no_o hard_a matter_n to_o resolve_v that_o question_n which_o be_v so_o frequent_o controvert_v whether_o a_o war_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o principal_a promoter_n of_o it_o can_v be_v on_o both_o side_n just_a where_o we_o must_v first_o distinguish_v between_o the_o various_a acception_n of_o the_o word_n just_o episcopus_fw-la just_o so_o gratian_n distinguish_v justice_n into_o that_o which_o respect_v the_o cause_n the_o order_n and_o the_o mind_n c._n 11._o q._n 5._o post_fw-la c._n episcopus_fw-la for_o a_o thing_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v just_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o cause_n or_o according_a to_o the_o effect_n again_o a_o thing_n a_o may_v be_v just_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o cause_n either_o according_a to_o the_o special_a and_o strict_a acception_n of_o justice_n or_o according_a to_o its_o more_o general_a acception_n as_o it_o comprehend_v whatsoever_o in_o equity_n or_o honesty_n ought_v to_o be_v do_v again_o the_o word_n just_o take_v in_o its_o special_a signification_n may_v be_v subdivide_v into_o that_o which_o respect_v the_o work_n do_v or_o into_o that_o which_o respect_v the_o mind_n of_o he_o that_o do_v it_o for_o the_o agent_n may_v sometime_o be_v say_v to_o do_v just_o whilst_o he_o do_v not_o unjust_o though_o that_o which_o he_o do_v be_v not_o just_a as_o aristotle_n greg._n aristotle_n eth._n l._n 5._o c._n 10_o 11._o greg._n right_o distinguish_v between_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o do_v unjust_o and_o to_o do_v that_o which_o be_v unjust_a bonis_fw-la male_a utuntur_fw-la qui_fw-la temporali_fw-la lucro_fw-la just_a judicant_fw-la they_o make_v ill_a use_n of_o thing_n in_o themselves_o good_a who_o do_v justice_n for_o reward_n sake_n because_o it_o be_v the_o hope_n of_o gain_n and_o not_o the_o love_n of_o justice_n that_o excite_v they_o to_o defend_v the_o truth_n now_o in_o this_o special_a acception_n of_o the_o word_n just_o and_o as_o it_o relate_v to_o the_o thing_n itself_o no_o war_n can_v be_v on_o both_o side_n just_a as_o neither_o can_v any_o other_o contest_v be_v quia_fw-la facultas_fw-la moralis_fw-la ad_fw-la contraria_fw-la non_fw-la datur_fw-la per_fw-la rei_fw-la ipsius_fw-la naturam_fw-la because_o the_o very_a nature_n so_o the_o thing_n about_o which_o the_o dispute_n be_v will_v not_o admit_v of_o a_o moral_a power_n to_o thing_n that_o be_v contrary_a as_o namely_o to_o do_v a_o thing_n and_o yet_o to_o oppose_v the_o do_n of_o it_o but_o yet_o it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v that_o neither_o of_o the_o party_n war_a against_o each_o other_o do_v unjust_o because_o no_o man_n can_v be_v say_v to_o do_v unjust_o but_o he_o that_o know_v that_o which_o he_o do_v to_o be_v unjust_a but_o many_o man_n do_v not_o know_v that_o they_o do_v amiss_o though_o that_o which_o they_o do_v be_v in_o itself_o unjust_a so_o when_o man_n go_v to_o law_n they_o may_v just_o that_o be_v with_o a_o good_a mind_n and_o intention_n do_v it_o on_o both_o side_n because_o they_o do_v both_o conceive_v that_o they_o be_v in_o the_o right_a injustice_n to_o some_o thing_n the_o right_o be_v not_o discernible_a who_o it_o be_v and_o then_o whilst_o each_o endeavour_n to_o take_v that_o from_o another_o which_o he_o think_v belong_v to_o himself_o who_o can_v condemn_v either_o of_o injustice_n for_o of_o many_o thing_n as_o well_o in_o point_n of_o right_n as_o in_o matter_n of_o fact_n whence_o right_o arise_v man_n be_v ignorant_a now_o in_o the_o general_a acception_n of_o the_o word_n just_o that_o be_v say_v to_o be_v just_a in_o the_o do_n whereof_o the_o agent_n be_v altogether_o innocent_a for_o the_o act_n may_v be_v unjust_a and_o yet_o the_o agent_n blameless_a by_o reason_n of_o his_o insuperable_a ignorance_n a_o example_n whereof_o we_o have_v in_o such_o as_o be_v through_o no_o default_n of_o they_o ignorant_a
of_o the_o law_n do_v not_o observe_v it_o although_o haply_o that_o law_n be_v promulgate_v and_o time_n of_o itself_o sufficient_a allow_v for_o the_o knowledge_n thereof_o as_o also_o in_o such_o as_o go_v to_o law_n both_o party_n may_v be_v free_a not_o from_o injustice_n only_o baldus_n nemo_fw-la debet_fw-la jus_o suum_fw-la indiscussum_fw-la relinquere_fw-la tentanda_fw-la sunt_fw-la quaecunque_fw-la tantum_fw-la sunt_fw-la baldus_n but_o from_o any_o thing_n else_o that_o be_v unblamable_a especial_o when_o both_o or_o either_o of_o they_o contend_v not_o in_o the_o behalf_n of_o themselves_o but_o of_o other_o as_o a_o tutor_n for_o his_o pupil_n a_o guardian_n for_o his_o ward_n who_o right_a he_o be_v bind_v in_o duty_n to_o defend_v though_o that_o right_o be_v but_o uncertain_a so_o in_o a_o wager_n at_o law_n two_o person_n may_v contend_v for_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n and_o yet_o neither_o of_o they_o be_v unjust_a so_o also_o a_o councillor_n may_v plead_v for_o either_o of_o they_o without_o the_o least_o derogation_n to_o his_o honesty_n herodian_a again_o when_o something_o that_o be_v very_o profitable_a stand_v in_o opposition_n to_o what_o be_v honest_a it_o be_v no_o easy_a matter_n to_o tell_v whether_o of_o they_o to_o follow_v when_o we_o first_o enter_v into_o war_n with_o niger_n say_v severus_n the_o emperor_n there_o be_v i_o confess_v no_o very_a plausible_a pretence_n for_o war_n but_o the_o empire_n lie_v at_o stake_n between_o we_o and_o both_o of_o we_o strive_v which_o shall_v appropriate_v it_o to_o himself_o herodian_a nay_o as_o aristotle_n well_o note_n to_o say_v of_o a_o judge_n that_o he_o judge_v right_a be_v but_o a_o ambiguous_a speech_n for_o it_o may_v signify_v either_o that_o he_o judge_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d plain_o as_o he_o ought_v without_o any_o ignorance_n or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d according_a to_o the_o best_a of_o his_o knowledge_n or_o the_o clear_a evidence_n that_o be_v bring_v before_o he_o and_o therefore_o the_o sentence_n which_o must_v pass_v according_a to_o that_o evidence_n may_v be_v through_o misinformation_n unjust_a and_o yet_o the_o judge_n that_o pass_v that_o sentence_n may_v be_v righteous_a possit_fw-la righteous_a si_fw-mi dubium_fw-la sit_fw-la à _fw-la qua_fw-la parte_fw-la stet_fw-la justitia_fw-la hanc_fw-la si_fw-la utraque_fw-la pars_fw-la quaerit_fw-la injusta_fw-la esse_fw-la neutra_fw-la possit_fw-la if_o it_o be_v doubtful_a on_o what_o side_n the_o right_n stand_v if_o both_o party_n contend_v for_o it_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o neither_o do_v unjust_o the_o jew_n make_v war_n against_o the_o canaanite_n just_o be_v so_o command_v by_o god_n and_o the_o canaanite_n be_v ignorant_a of_o that_o charge_n give_v against_o they_o do_v just_o in_o defend_v themselves_o wherefore_o that_o war_n be_v on_o both_o side_n just_a thus_o pope_n pius_n the_o second_o answer_v the_o hungarian_a ambassador_n that_o complain_v against_o the_o emperor_n namely_o he_o think_v that_o the_o king_n of_o hungary_n do_v intend_v nothing_o dishonest_o and_o he_o know_v that_o the_o emperor_n be_v a_o great_a lover_n of_o justice_n but_o both_o contend_v for_o the_o kingdom_n probable_a it_o be_v that_o neither_o of_o they_o think_v his_o cause_n unjust_a sententia_fw-la in_o disceptationibus_fw-la fori_fw-la par_fw-fr est_fw-la litigantis_fw-la utriusque_fw-la jus_o donec_fw-la lata_fw-la est_fw-la pro_fw-la altero_fw-la eorum_fw-la sententia_fw-la in_o all_o controversy_n this_o be_v find_v true_a but_o especial_o in_o war_n that_o both_o party_n pretend_v to_o maintain_v a_o cause_n that_o be_v just_a but_o in_o war_n it_o be_v hardly_o possible_a that_o either_o party_n shall_v be_v in_o that_o sense_n just_a that_o be_v free_a from_o all_o blame_n by_o reason_n of_o that_o great_a defect_n of_o love_n and_o that_o overmuch_a rashness_n that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n inseparable_o accompany_v it_o beside_o the_o weightiness_n of_o the_o business_n itself_o which_o be_v such_o as_o be_v not_o satisfy_v with_o probability_n strict_o require_v such_o proof_n as_o be_v demonstrative_a and_o convince_a but_o if_o we_o account_v that_o to_o be_v just_a which_o be_v permit_v to_o enjoy_v some_o effect_n of_o right_a it_o be_v most_o certain_a just_a according_a to_o the_o effect_n of_o right_a war_n may_v be_v on_o both_o side_n just_a that_o war_n in_o this_o sense_n may_v be_v on_o both_o side_n just_a as_o will_v appear_v anon_o when_o we_o come_v to_o treat_v of_o a_o public_a solemn_a war_n for_o so_o both_o a_o sentence_n though_o not_o right_o pass_v and_o a_o possession_n not_o right_o gain_v have_v both_o of_o they_o some_o effect_n of_o that_o which_o be_v right_a chap._n xxiv_o war_n though_o just_o not_o to_o be_v undertake_v rash_o i._o it_o it_o better_a sometime_o to_o remit_v our_o own_o right_n than_o to_o engage_v in_o a_o doubtful_a war._n ii_o but_o especial_o when_o undertake_v to_o exact_a punishment_n iii_o and_o chief_o by_o a_o king_n that_o be_v injure_v iu._n and_o that_o sometime_o for_o his_o own_o and_o his_o subject_n safety_n v._o certain_a rule_n guide_v we_o to_o a_o prudent_a choice_n of_o thing_n apparent_o good_a vi_o a_o example_n whereby_o we_o may_v be_v guide_v in_o our_o endeavour_n after_o liberty_n or_o peace_n whereby_o the_o misery_n of_o war_n may_v be_v prevent_v vii_o punishment_n not_o to_o be_v exact_v by_o war_n unless_o by_o the_o most_o potent_a party_n viii_o war_n not_o to_o be_v undertake_v unless_o compel_v by_o necessity_n ix_o or_o when_o we_o have_v some_o very_a great_a cause_n together_o with_o some_o notable_a advantage_n x._o the_o misery_n of_o war_n lively_o describe_v i._o better_a sometime_o to_o forego_v our_o right_n than_o to_o make_v war_n for_o it_o though_o it_o be_v not_o proper_o pertinent_a to_o our_o purpose_n in_o treat_v only_o of_o the_o right_n of_o war_n to_o show_v how_o far_o other_o virtue_n do_v either_o enjoin_v or_o persuade_v thereunto_o yet_o will_v it_o not_o be_v altogether_o impertinent_a for_o prevent_v of_o mistake_n to_o give_v some_o caution_n about_o it_o lest_o any_o man_n shall_v think_v that_o whensoever_o he_o have_v a_o just_a cause_n offer_v he_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o make_v war_n or_o at_o least_o that_o it_o be_v at_o all_o time_n lawful_a for_o he_o so_o to_o do_v whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a it_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n much_o more_o pious_a to_o remit_v somewhat_o of_o our_o right_n than_o to_o endeavour_v to_o defend_v it_o by_o a_o dangerous_a war._n we_o christian_n be_v especial_o teach_v to_o expose_v our_o own_o life_n to_o the_o great_a peril_n that_o can_v be_v to_o preserve_v the_o life_n and_o as_o much_o as_o in_o we_o lie_v to_o procure_v the_o everlasting_a welfare_n of_o other_o in_o imitation_n of_o our_o great_a lord_n and_o master_n who_o lay_v down_o his_o own_o life_n to_o save_v we_o even_o then_o when_o we_o be_v stranger_n nay_o enemy_n unto_o he_o rom._n 5.6_o how_o much_o more_o reason_n have_v we_o to_o forbear_v the_o prosecution_n of_o our_o just_a right_n when_o they_o can_v be_v obtain_v without_o the_o effusion_n of_o so_o much_o christian_a blood_n and_o the_o destruction_n of_o so_o many_o man_n life_n and_o estate_n 3._o pol._n lib._n 4._o rhet._n ad_fw-la alex._n c._n 3._o beside_o other_o mischief_n which_o war_n usual_o bring_v with_o it_o this_o we_o be_v forewarn_v of_o by_o aristotle_n and_o also_o by_o polybius_n not_o for_o every_o such_o cause_n to_o run_v the_o hazard_n of_o a_o war._n for_o the_o necessary_a defence_n of_o our_o liberty_n our_o wife_n and_o child_n we_o may_v lawful_o make_v war_n say_v gallio_n in_o seneca_n but_o not_o for_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v either_o superfluous_a or_o be_v lose_v 23._o suasoria_fw-la 5._o philostratus_n lib._n 23._o do_v not_o much_o damnify_v we_o this_o and_o somewhat_o more_o do_v apollonius_n say_v to_o the_o king_n of_o babylon_n we_o be_v not_o to_o contend_v with_o the_o roman_n for_o a_o few_o small_a village_n which_o many_o of_o our_o ancestor_n be_v but_o private_a man_n do_v enjoy_v they_o must_v be_v great_a matter_n indeed_o that_o shall_v so_o far_o provoke_v we_o suis_fw-la adu._n apion_n de_fw-fr popul_n suis_fw-la as_o to_o undertake_v a_o war_n especial_o with_o such_o potent_a enemy_n the_o like_a josephus_n testify_v of_o his_o country_n man_n it_o be_v not_o our_o custom_n to_o muster_v up_o our_o force_n or_o to_o make_v war_n to_o enlarge_v our_o dominion_n but_o for_o the_o defence_n of_o our_o law_n all_o other_o loss_n we_o can_v bear_v with_o patience_n but_o be_v debar_v the_o use_n of_o our_o religion_n we_o undertake_v war_n beyond_o our_o strength_n and_o prosecute_v they_o to_o the_o utmost_a of_o danger_n it_o be_v prudent_o advise_v by_o dion_n prusaeensis_n in_o his_o oration_n concern_v war_n and_o peace_n we_o be_v
necessity_n nisi_fw-la malint_fw-la fame_n perire_fw-la unless_o they_o have_v rather_o perish_v by_o famine_n for_o as_o anaxilaus_n in_o xenophon_n apoligize_v for_o his_o surrender_n of_o byzantium_n be_v thereunto_o constrain_v for_o want_n of_o bread_n pugnandum_fw-la est_fw-la hominibus_fw-la in_o homines_fw-la non_fw-la in_o rerum_fw-la naturam_fw-la man_n ought_v to_o fight_v against_o man_n but_o not_o against_o nature_n neither_o do_v man_n commend_v a_o voluntary_a death_n so_o long_o as_o their_o hope_n be_v above_o their_o fear_n that_o sentence_n which_o diodorus_n siculus_n pass_v against_o the_o theban_n which_o live_v in_o the_o time_n of_o alexander_n the_o great_a stand_v yet_o upon_o record_n namely_o that_o they_o be_v the_o author_n of_o their_o own_o ruin_n for_o as_o much_o as_o they_o have_v with_o more_o courage_n than_o prudence_n provoke_v alexander_n to_o their_o own_o destruction_n and_o in_o another_o place_n the_o same_o author_n examine_v the_o ground_n of_o that_o war_n which_o the_o thracian_n undertake_v against_o alexander_n army_n after_o his_o death_n say_v that_o in_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o wise_a man_n they_o have_v consult_v well_o for_o their_o own_o glory_n but_o not_o so_o well_o for_o their_o own_o profit_n by_o thrust_v themselves_o over-hasty_o into_o so_o dangerous_a a_o enterprise_n be_v no_o way_n urge_v thereunto_o by_o any_o necessity_n but_o especial_o be_v forewarn_v by_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o theban_n the_o like_a censure_n do_v plutarch_n pass_v upon_o cato_n and_o scipio_n who_o for_o refuse_v to_o submit_v to_o caesar_n after_o his_o victory_n in_o pharsalia_n he_o condemn_v as_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o so_o many_o and_o so_o gallant_a man_n do_v unnecessary_o perish_v in_o africa_n now_o what_o i_o have_v here_o say_v concern_v liberty_n may_v likewise_o be_v say_v concern_v other_o thing_n that_o be_v desiderable_a when_o they_o can_v be_v obtain_v without_o if_o not_o a_o more_o just_a yet_o at_o least_o a_o equal_a expectation_n of_o some_o great_a mischief_n for_o as_o aristides_n say_v to_o preserve_v the_o ship_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o good_n be_v usual_a but_o not_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o passenger_n vii_o war_n seldom_o make_v for_o punishment_n by_o prince_n of_o equal_a power_n this_o also_o be_v chief_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o war_n be_v seldom_o or_o never_o make_v for_o exact_v punishment_n only_o by_o such_o prince_n or_o state_n as_o be_v of_o equal_a power_n for_o as_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n so_o he_o that_o undertake_v to_o punish_v injury_n by_o arm_n must_v always_o be_v presume_v to_o be_v of_o power_n sufficient_a to_o enforce_v it_o neither_o be_v it_o prudence_n only_o or_o the_o love_n we_o bear_v to_o our_o subject_n that_o shall_v dissuade_v we_o from_o a_o doubtful_a war_n but_o sometime_o even_a justice_n that_o i_o mean_v which_o be_v essential_a to_o government_n which_o require_v as_o obedience_n from_o inferior_n so_o protection_n and_o preservation_n from_o superior_n and_o consequent_o as_o some_o divine_n have_v right_o observe_v if_o a_o king_n for_o any_o small_a or_o trife_v cause_n as_o for_o the_o exact_v of_o punishment_n which_o be_v unnecessary_a loss_n in_o what_o case_n a_o prince_n be_v bind_v to_o repair_v his_o subject_n loss_n engage_v his_o subject_n in_o a_o dangerous_a war_n he_o be_v bind_v to_o repair_v the_o loss_n they_o shall_v thereby_o sustain_v for_o although_o to_o his_o enemy_n haply_o he_o do_v no_o wrong_n who_o have_v just_o provoke_v he_o yet_o do_v he_o thereby_o wrong_v to_o his_o subject_n by_o involve_v they_o in_o a_o dangerous_a war_n for_o such_o slight_a cause_n as_o may_v better_a have_v be_v dissemble_v and_o be_v therefore_o bind_v to_o repair_v their_o damage_n in_o which_o sense_n that_o of_o livy_n hold_v true_a justum_fw-la est_fw-la bellum_fw-la quod_fw-la necessarium_fw-la est_fw-la &_o pia_fw-la arma_fw-la quibus_fw-la nulla_fw-la nisi_fw-la in_o armis_fw-la relinquitur_fw-la spes_fw-la that_o war_n be_v just_a that_o be_v necessary_a and_o arm_n be_v there_o necessary_a when_o there_o be_v no_o hope_n of_o safety_n but_o by_o arms._n this_o be_v ovid_n wish_n 1._o ovid._n fast_o 1._o sola_fw-la gerat_fw-la mile_n quibus_fw-la arma_fw-la coerceat_fw-la arma_fw-la may_v then_o the_o soldier_n arm_v be_v when_o he_o repel_v his_o enemy_n viii_o war_n not_o to_o be_v undertake_v but_o in_o a_o case_n of_o necessity_n there_o be_v then_o one_o rare_a cause_n when_o war_n either_o can_v or_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v omit_v as_o namely_o when_o as_o flora_n speak_v jura_n sunt_fw-la armis_fw-la saeviora_fw-la law_n be_v more_o cruel_a than_o war_n itself_o that_o be_v when_o the_o oppression_n of_o tyrant_n be_v more_o greivious_a than_o the_o misery_n of_o war._n he_o say_v seneca_n need_v not_o to_o fear_v the_o misery_n of_o war_n that_o suffer_v the_o like_a if_o not_o great_a live_v in_o peace_n so_o aristides_n when_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o our_o condition_n will_v be_v worse_o in_o sit_v still_o than_o we_o may_v adventure_v upon_o the_o danger_n of_o war._n neither_o be_v that_o opinion_n of_o tacitus_n much_o to_o be_v condemn_v where_o he_o say_v that_o a_o miserable_a peace_n may_v well_o be_v exchange_v for_o a_o doubtful_a war_n that_o be_v as_o the_o same_o author_n say_v when_o if_o we_o conquer_v we_o enjoy_v our_o freedom_n or_o be_v conquer_v our_o condition_n can_v be_v no_o worse_o or_o when_o as_o livy_n speak_v peace_n be_v more_o grievous_a to_o those_o that_o serve_v than_o war_n be_v to_o those_o that_o be_v free_a but_o not_o as_o cicero_n put_v the_o case_n if_o it_o appear_v that_o be_v conquer_a we_o shall_v be_v proscribe_v i._n e._n our_o estate_n shall_v be_v sell_v and_o our_o person_n banish_v but_o be_v conqueror_n we_o change_v only_o our_o oppressor_n but_o be_v not_o ease_v of_o our_o oppression_n ix_o or_o without_o great_a cause_n and_o great_a advantage_n another_o time_n when_o war_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o peace_n peace_n be_v when_o upon_o a_o rational_a debate_n we_o find_v that_o we_o have_v the_o best_a right_n and_o which_o be_v of_o great_a moment_n power_n sufficient_a to_o defend_v it_o that_o be_v as_o augustus_n in_o suetonius_n sometime_o say_v 24._o say_v sueton._n c._n 24._o when_o there_o be_v more_o hope_n of_o gain_n than_o fear_v of_o loss_n or_o as_o scipio_n africanus_n and_o l._n aemilius_n paulus_n be_v wont_a to_o say_v of_o the_o battle_n 2._o battle_n awl_n gel._n l._n 13._o c._n 3._o val._n max._n l._n 7._o c._n 2._o we_o ought_v not_o to_o run_v the_o hazard_n of_o a_o battle_n but_o upon_o some_o unavoidable_a necessity_n or_o upon_o great_a and_o manifest_a advantage_n wherewith_o accord_n that_o of_o plutarch_n gracchis_n plutarch_n gracchis_n before-recited_n to_o use_v iron_n and_o steel_n without_o very_o great_a necessity_n neither_o become_v a_o good_a physician_n nor_o a_o prudent_a state_n man_n the_o like_a zonara_n record_n of_o marcianus_n king_n when_o they_o may_v lawful_o enjoy_v peace_n ought_v not_o to_o make_v war._n whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v that_o of_o st._n augustine_n pacem_fw-la habere_fw-la voluntatis_fw-la est_fw-la bellum_fw-la autem_fw-la necessitatis_fw-la esse_fw-la debet_fw-la ut_fw-la liberet_fw-la nos_fw-la deus_fw-la à _fw-la necessitate_v &_o conservet_fw-la in_o pace_n peace_n we_o shall_v make_v voluntary_o war_n out_o of_o necessity_n that_o so_o god_n may_v relieve_v we_o in_o our_o necessity_n and_o preserve_v we_o in_o peace_n but_o then_o most_o especial_o may_v we_o make_v war_n when_o we_o have_v good_a cause_n to_o hope_n that_o our_o enemy_n through_o fear_n or_o by_o the_o fame_n of_o our_o victory_n will_v be_v ready_a to_o yield_v without_o any_o or_o very_o little_a danger_n on_o our_o part_n and_o this_o be_v as_o pliny_n call_v it_o the_o most_o glorious_a of_o all_o victory_n x._o the_o misery_n of_o war._n war_n indeed_o be_v as_o plutarch_n speak_v eamilli_n speak_v vit._n eamilli_n a_o very_a savage_a thing_n and_o never_o come_v unaccompanied_a with_o a_o torrent_n of_o mischief_n and_o insolence_n which_o say_v st._n aug._n 7._o aug._n de_fw-fr civet_fw-la dei_fw-la l._n 19_o c._n 7._o shall_v i_o undertake_v to_o describe_v when_o and_o where_o will_v my_o discourse_n end_n but_o they_o may_v say_v a_o wise_a man_n will_v sometime_o make_v war_n as_o if_o when_o he_o consider_v himself_o to_o be_v a_o man_n he_o do_v not_o much_o more_o grieve_v to_o find_v himself_o enforce_v thereunto_o though_o that_o war_n be_v just_a for_o unless_o it_o be_v just_a there_o can_v be_v no_o necessity_n to_o make_v it_o because_o it_o be_v the_o iniquity_n of_o the_o adverse_a part_n that_o thrust_v a_o wise_a man_n into_o a_o just_a and_o necessary_a war_n which_o very_a iniquity_n as_o proceed_v from_o man_n though_o no_o necessity_n of_o a_o war_n shall_v thence_o arise_v be_v
that_o forbid_v it_o yet_o can_v he_o never_o attain_v unto_o that_o perfection_n of_o holiness_n that_o the_o gospel_n seem_v to_o commend_v unto_o we_o so_o for_o a_o believe_a husband_n to_o put_v away_o his_o unbelieve_a wife_n be_v lawful_a as_o st._n augustine_n affirm_v which_o with_o what_o circumstance_n be_v to_o be_v verify_v it_o be_v not_o to_o our_o purpose_n in_o this_o place_n to_o discuss_v but_o yet_o he_o may_v and_o that_o haply_o more_o laudable_o retain_v she_o wherefore_o he_o add_v both_o be_v equal_o lawful_a according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o divine_a justice_n for_o neither_o of_o they_o be_v prohibit_v by_o god_n but_o yet_o both_o be_v not_o equal_o expedient_a ulpian_n concern_v he_o that_o have_v sell_v his_o wine_n and_o covenant_v with_o the_o buyer_n that_o if_o he_o fetch_v it_o not_o by_o such_o a_o day_n it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a for_o he_o to_o pour_v it_o out_o say_v that_o although_o he_o may_v do_v it_o yet_o if_o he_o do_v it_o not_o he_o be_v the_o more_o to_o be_v commend_v second_o this_o word_n lawful_a may_v be_v take_v for_o that_o which_o be_v not_o punishable_a by_o humane_a law_n although_o it_o consist_v not_o with_o piety_n or_o the_o rule_n of_o morality_n thus_o in_o many_o country_n fornication_n be_v lawful_a that_o be_v not_o punishable_a among_o the_o lacedaemonian_n and_o egyptian_n theft_n be_v lawful_a and_o in_o quintilian_n we_o read_v that_o there_o be_v some_o thing_n which_o though_o not_o in_o their_o own_o nature_n commendable_a yet_o that_o be_v by_o the_o law_n tolerate_v as_o by_o the_o law_n of_o the_o twelve_o table_n the_o body_n of_o the_o debtor_n may_v the_o divide_a among_o the_o creditor_n all_o which_o though_o in_o themselves_o unfit_a and_o unseemly_a yet_o be_v by_o some_o lawgiver_n permit_v to_o avoid_v great_a inconvenience_n licentia_fw-la plerumque_fw-la est_fw-la tentatio_fw-la disciplinae_fw-la licence_n say_v tertullian_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n but_o the_o touchstone_n of_o discipline_n all_o thing_n say_v s._n paul_n be_v lawful_a but_o all_o thing_n edify_v not_o now_o this_o acception_n of_o the_o word_n lawful_a be_v somewhat_o improper_a as_o cicero_n testify_v in_o his_o tusculan_n 5._o lib._n 5._o where_o speak_v of_o cinna_n who_o have_v be_v four_o time_n consul_n and_o have_v cause_v divers_a of_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o roman_a nobility_n to_o be_v slay_v say_v thus_o shall_v we_o esteem_v this_o man_n happy_a nay_o on_o the_o contrary_a i_o think_v he_o miserable_a not_o because_o he_o commit_v these_o thing_n but_o because_o he_o so_o govern_v the_o commonwealth_n that_o he_o may_v lawful_o commit_v they_o not_o that_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o any_o man_n to_o sin_n sed_fw-la sermonis_fw-la errore_fw-la labimur_fw-la dum_fw-la id_fw-la licere_fw-la dicimus_fw-la quod_fw-la cuique_fw-la conceditur_fw-la but_o we_o be_v mislead_v through_o the_o common_a error_n of_o speech_n whilst_o we_o pronounce_v that_o lawful_a which_o be_v only_o permit_v injuria_fw-la summum_fw-la jus_o summa_fw-la injuria_fw-la whence_o columella_n conclude_v that_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o prosecute_v our_o revenge_n to_o the_o utmost_a of_o what_o we_o may_v for_o extreme_a severity_n be_v too_o near_o a_o neighbour_n to_o extreme_a cruelty_n yet_o notwithstanding_o though_o this_o acception_n of_o the_o word_n lawful_a be_v not_o so_o proper_a yet_o be_v it_o among_o the_o roman_n very_o frequent_a as_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o same_o cicero_n who_o thus_o bespeak_v the_o judge_n posthumo_fw-la orat._n pro_fw-la rabirio_n posthumo_fw-la quid_fw-la deceat_fw-la vos_fw-la non_fw-la quantum_fw-la liceat_fw-la vobis_fw-la spectare_fw-la debetis_fw-la you_o that_o be_v judge_n ought_v to_o consider_v not_o so_o much_o what_o in_o strictness_n of_o law_n you_o may_v do_v but_o what_o in_o every_o case_n be_v most_o fit_a and_o convenient_a to_o be_v do_v for_o if_o you_o regard_v your_o own_o power_n only_o you_o may_v put_v to_o death_n even_o who_o you_o will_n in_o the_o same_o sense_n as_o it_o be_v usual_o say_v of_o king_n that_o they_o may_v do_v even_o what_o they_o please_v because_o they_o be_v exempt_v from_o the_o lash_n of_o humane_a law_n yet_o be_v that_o advice_n which_o claudian_n give_v unto_o his_o prince_n much_o more_o worthy_o to_o be_v by_o all_o prince_n receive_v nec_fw-la tibi_fw-la quid_fw-la liceat_fw-la sed_fw-la quid_fw-la fecisse_fw-la decebit_fw-la occurrat_fw-la resolve_v to_o do_v not_o what_o you_o may_v but_o what_o become_v you_o musonius_n high_o blame_v those_o prince_n who_o study_v more_o their_o own_o prerogative_n 5._o declam_fw-la lib._n 3._o cap._n 5._o than_o the_o good_a of_o their_o subject_n and_o that_o say_v thus_o and_o thus_o i_o can_v do_v rather_o than_o thus_o and_o thus_o i_o ought_v to_o do_v hence_o it_o be_v that_o we_o find_v these_o two_o word_n licet_fw-la and_o oportet_fw-la it_o be_v lawful_a and_o it_o behoove_v place_v sometime_o in_o opposition_n one_o to_o the_o other_o 30._o lib._n 30._o as_o in_o ammianus_n marcellinus_n sunt_fw-la aliqua_fw-la quae_fw-la fieri_fw-la non_fw-la oportet_fw-la etiam_fw-la si_fw-la licet_fw-la some_o thing_n there_o be_v which_o be_v not_o fit_a to_o be_v do_v though_o lawful_o we_o may_v do_v they_o so_o in_o pliny_n epistle_n thing_n that_o be_v dishonest_a we_o must_v avoid_v not_o as_o they_o be_v unlawful_a but_o as_o they_o be_v shameful_a and_o as_o cicero_n himself_o affirm_v the_o same_o est_fw-la enim_fw-la aliquid_fw-la quod_fw-la non_fw-la oporteat_fw-la etiamsi_fw-la licet_fw-la balbo_n orat._n pro_fw-la balbo_n something_o be_v be_v not_o fit_a to_o be_v do_v though_o lawful_a and_o in_o his_o oration_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o milo_n he_o distinguish_v between_o fas_fw-la and_o licet_fw-la attribute_v to_o the_o former_a that_o which_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o to_o the_o latter_a that_o which_o be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o particular_a country_n so_o quintilian_n the_o father_n in_o one_o of_o his_o declamation_n tell_v we_o 251._o orat._n 251._o that_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o look_v strict_o to_o what_o be_v a_o man_n right_a i._n e._n to_o what_o a_o man_n may_v do_v and_o another_o thing_n to_o respect_n that_o which_o be_v just_a aliud_fw-la est_fw-la spectare_fw-la jura_fw-la aliud_fw-la justitiam_fw-la iii_o in_o war_n the_o effect_n be_v lawful_a general_o that_o be_v not_o punishable_a in_o this_o sense_n therefore_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o one_o enemy_n to_o hurt_v another_o both_o in_o his_o person_n or_o in_o his_o estate_n it_o be_v lawful_a i_o say_v not_o only_o for_o he_o that_o make_v war_n upon_o a_o just_a ground_n and_o that_o in_o the_o prosecution_n of_o that_o war_n contain_v himself_o within_o those_o bound_n which_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v prescribe_v he_o as_o we_o have_v already_o say_v but_o for_o both_o party_n and_o that_o without_o distinction_n so_o that_o he_o that_o do_v thus_o injure_v his_o enemy_n though_o he_o be_v apprehend_v in_o another_o prince_n dominion_n yet_o can_v he_o not_o be_v proceed_v against_o as_o a_o homicide_n or_o as_o a_o thief_n neither_o can_v any_o other_o prince_n for_o this_o only_a cause_n make_v war_n upon_o he_o and_o in_o this_o sense_n be_v that_o of_o sallust_n true_a by_o the_o law_n of_o arm_n all_o thing_n be_v lawful_a to_o the_o conqueror_n iu._n why_o such_o effect_n be_v introduce_v now_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o so_o great_a a_o licence_n grant_v by_o all_o nation_n be_v this_o because_o when_o two_o nation_n be_v at_o war_n for_o any_o other_o nation_n to_o judge_v where_o the_o right_o be_v have_v be_v dangerous_a for_o by_o that_o mean_n that_o nation_n may_v quick_o be_v entangle_v in_o the_o other_o war_n as_o the_o marseillian_o plead_v in_o the_o cause_n of_o caesar_n and_o pompey_n and_o therefore_o they_o confess_v that_o they_o have_v neither_o wisdom_n nor_o power_n sufficient_a to_o determine_v whether_o of_o they_o have_v the_o just_a cause_n beside_o even_o where_o the_o war_n be_v manifest_o just_a it_o be_v a_o very_a nice_a thing_n by_o any_o outward_a token_n to_o judge_v which_o be_v the_o just_a rule_n or_o measure_n either_o of_o defend_v ourselves_o of_o recover_v our_o own_o right_n or_o of_o exact_v punishment_n so_o that_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o it_o be_v much_o better_a to_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o honesty_n and_o conscience_n of_o the_o prince_n engage_v to_o determine_v of_o these_o thing_n among_o themselves_o than_o to_o refer_v it_o to_o the_o arbitrement_n of_o other_o thus_o do_v the_o achaian_n demand_n of_o the_o roman_a senate_n how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o what_o have_v former_o be_v act_v by_o the_o right_n of_o war_n shall_v now_o fall_v into_o debate_n now_o beside_o this_o of_o licence_n and_o impunity_n there_o be_v another_o effect_n of_o a_o just_a and_o solemn_a war_n namely_o
be_v to_o be_v esteem_v beyond_o the_o thing_n page_n 162_o 163_o to_o use_v a_o man_n help_n be_v offer_v be_v lawful_a though_o to_o he_o that_o offer_v it_o it_o be_v unlawful_a page_n 446_o usurper_n who_o page_n 405_o a_o usurper_n not_o to_o be_v kill_v but_o oblige_v by_o private_a man_n by_o who_o he_o may_v 64_o 65_o 66._o his_o act_n bind_v not_o a_o lawful_a king_n 180._o but_o in_o some_o case_n his_o subject_n page_n 64_o 65_o usura_fw-la &_o foenus_fw-la how_o distinguish_v by_o the_o roman_a law_n page_n 163_o usury_n by_o what_o law_n forbid_v 162._o under_o it_o what_o gain_n fall_v ibid._n concern_v it_o what_o the_o civil_a law_n have_v determine_v 164._o what_o the_o law_n of_o holland_n ibid._n w._n war_n and_o arm_n distinguish_v pref._n vi_fw-la when_o just_o make_v pref._n xi_o to_o be_v just_o manage_v ibid._n war_n define_v 2._o prove_v lawful_a by_o the_o first_o principle_n of_o nature_n 11._o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 11_o 12._o by_o right_a reason_n and_o by_o the_o nature_n of_o human_a society_n 12._o by_o sacred_a story_n 13._o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o wise_a in_o all_o nation_n 14._o not_o repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n not_o to_o the_o divine_a law_n ibid._n avoid_v by_o the_o primitive_a christian_n to_o prevent_v some_o act_n which_o their_o religion_n allow_v not_o page_n 26_o war_n some_o lawful_a prove_v out_o of_o the_o father_n 26._o public_a private_a and_o mix_v 31._o private_a permit_v by_o moses_n 32._o after_o tribunal_n erect_v sometime_o lawful_a 31_o 32._o private_a in_o our_o own_o defence_n lawful_a 33_o 34._o solemn_a and_o less_o solemn_a ibid._n sometime_o make_v by_o inferior_a officer_n and_o whether_o such_o a_o war_n be_v solemn_a or_o public_a 35._o whether_o make_v by_o inferior_a commander_n by_o guess_v at_o the_o will_n of_o their_o prince_n ibid._n war_n to_o make_v without_o commission_n from_o the_o prince_n treason_n ibid._n solemn_a can_v be_v but_o between_o sovereign_a prince_n page_n 35_o 36_o 452._o the_o war_n of_o manlius_n against_o the_o galatae_n caius_n caesar_n in_o germany_n octavius_n and_o decimus_n cassius_n whether_o just_a page_n 35_o 36_o war_n against_o superior_n unlawful_a 54._o without_o cause_n unjust_a 70._o civil_a worse_o than_o tyranny_n page_n 65_o war_n shall_v be_v just_a if_o we_o will_v have_v it_o prosper_v 70._o it_o have_v three_o efficient_a cause_n principal_a auxiliary_a instrumental_a 66._o it_o begin_v where_o justice_n end_v 69._o its_o pretence_n always_o just_a though_o its_o cause_n sometime_o unjust_a page_n 70_o war_n cause_v for_o wrong_n do_v or_o in_o our_o own_o defence_n just_a 70._o make_v for_o other_o natural_o lawful_a 66._o to_o repair_v damage_n or_o to_o exact_a punishment_n lawful_a 383._o for_o punishment_n only_o seldom_o just_a 385_o 386._o make_v to_o lessen_v the_o power_n of_o a_o neighbour_n prince_n only_o unlawful_a 76_o 77._o for_o sin_n against_o god_n whether_o lawful_a 386._o without_o cause_n suspect_v to_o be_v predatory_a 405._o the_o most_o natural_a be_v that_o against_o wild_a beast_n next_o be_v that_o against_o man_n as_o brutish_a as_o beast_n page_v 384_o 385_o by_o war_n some_o thing_n gain_v be_v the_o king_n page_n 43_o 44_o war_n between_o christian_n not_o to_o be_v make_v for_o the_o scripture_n misunderstand_v 391._o then_o profitaable_a when_o our_o enemy_n will_v not_o otherwise_o do_v we_o justice_n 412._o when_o unlawful_a though_o the_o cause_n be_v good_a 409._o whether_o it_o may_v be_v on_o both_o side_n just_a 414_o 415._o undertake_v for_o religion_n or_o liberiy_n whether_o lawful_a page_n 416_o war_n make_v for_o a_o single_a subject_n not_o always_o convenient_a for_o the_o whole_a 422._o for_o the_o defence_n of_o subject_n lawful_a ibid._n for_o punishment_n seldom_o make_v by_o prince_n of_o equal_a power_n page_n 420_o the_o condition_n of_o war_n miserable_a page_n 421_o in_o war_n many_o change_n and_o chance_n happen_v which_o can_v be_v foresee_v page_n 418_o war_n may_v prudent_o be_v undertake_v where_o there_o be_v great_a cause_n and_o great_a advantage_n 420_o 421._o may_v be_v in_o respect_n of_o subject_n on_o both_o side_n just_a 415._o denounce_v against_o prince_n and_o against_o all_o that_o be_v under_o his_o government_n 447._o whether_o it_o may_v be_v make_v as_o soon_o as_o denounce_v and_o in_o what_o case_n 455._o make_v by_o pirate_n or_o subject_n have_v no_o effect_n of_o a_o solemn_a war_n ibid._n that_o war_n be_v just_a that_o be_v make_v for_o the_o recovery_n of_o thing_n take_v away_o that_o be_v public_o decree_v and_o solemn_o denounce_v page_n 452_o in_o war_n the_o effect_n be_v lawful_a i._n e._n not_o punishable_a 457._o its_o licence_n extend_v to_o all_o that_o be_v find_v among_o enemy_n even_o stranger_n 458._o the_o innocent_a and_o nocent_a fare_n alike_o ibid._n its_o rage_n 459._o not_o to_o be_v wage_v but_o with_o some_o clemency_n 497_o 498._o especial_o among_o christian_n 495._o make_v against_o wall_n pillar_n house_n malicious_a page_n 512_o in_o a_o unjust_a war_n as_o thing_n so_o a_o people_n take_v shall_v be_v restore_v to_o liberty_n 530._o what_o be_v take_v shall_v be_v restore_v page_n 496_o a_o war_n may_v be_v mix_v in_o part_n public_a in_o part_n private_a 435._o may_v be_v make_v by_o soldier_n though_o wicked_a 431._o may_v be_v make_v against_o such_o as_o sin_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 384._o make_v to_o compel_v to_o christianity_n unlawful_a page_n 389_o war_n to_o be_v sometime_o avoid_v by_o prince_n for_o their_o subject_n sake_n 418._o make_v to_o establish_v peace_n 524_o 571._o for_o revenge_n not_o to_o exceed_v a_o just_a measure_n page_n 497_o 498_o unto_o a_o unâ—ust_a war_n none_o to_o be_v compel_v page_n 187_o war_n may_v lawful_o be_v make_v for_o friend_n and_o associate_n 424._o etc._n etc._n for_o the_o subject_n of_o another_o prince_n 425._o for_o any_o man_n page_v 424_o war_n then_o just_a when_o necessary_a it_o shall_v be_v our_o last_o remedy_n page_n 452_o wedlock_n how_o it_o differ_v from_o matrimony_n page_n 112_o of_o weight_n or_o measure_n to_o exact_v more_o or_o less_o than_o be_v contract_v for_o be_v theft_n page_n 160_o a_o wife_n may_v rocover_v from_o her_o husband_n what_o she_o lend_v he_o if_o thereby_o he_o be_v enrich_v 147._o she_o may_v claim_v the_o estate_n if_o buy_v with_o her_o money_n ibid._n she_o have_v power_n over_o her_o husband_n body_n by_o the_o gospel_n law_n page_n 109_o wife_n many_o to_o have_v at_o once_o lawful_a of_o old_a ibid._n whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o forsake_v they_o ibid._n in_o favour_n to_o they_o divorce_v permit_v to_o the_o hebrew_n ibid._n wild_a beast_n how_o possess_v 135._o by_o the_o german_n give_v to_o their_o prince_n as_o all_o other_o thing_n that_o have_v no_o owner_n ibid._n in_o private_a wood_n enclose_v be_v possess_v ibid._n whether_o the_o dominion_n be_v lose_v with_o the_o possession_n ibid._n and_o fish_n who_o they_o be_v 81._o that_o they_o shall_v be_v the_o king_n be_v not_o against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n page_n 135_o will_n what_o have_v no_o know_a cause_n we_o refer_v to_o god_n will_v page_n 390_o the_o will_n in_o some_o case_n punishable_a 374._o natural_o mutable_a 379_o 380._o of_o the_o dead_a a_o law_n page_n 122_o the_o more_o of_o the_o will_v the_o great_a the_o sin_n ibid._n the_o will_n be_v move_v by_o thing_n real_o or_o imaginable_o good_a page_n 379_o to_o have_v understand_v the_o will_n of_o the_o decease_a create_v a_o right_a page_n 122_o the_o will_v express_v by_o some_o outward_a sign_n create_v a_o guilt_n and_o make_v we_o liable_a to_o punishment_n page_n 383_o the_o will_n to_o show_v she_o own_o freedom_n act_v sometime_o without_o any_o other_o reason_n page_n 419_o 420_o wise_a man_n make_v war_n by_o constraint_n fool_n for_o delight_n page_n 421_o wisdom_n chief_a part_n be_v to_o direct_v ourselves_o in_o doubtful_a case_n the_o next_o be_v to_o be_v direct_v by_o other_o of_o great_a learning_n and_o experience_n page_n 411_o 412_o wolf_n peace_n with_o sheep_n upon_o the_o delivery_n of_o the_o dog_n page_n 423_o woman_n captive_n how_v favour_v by_o the_o hebrew_n law_n 464._o they_o have_v no_o guard_n for_o their_o chastity_n 482._o their_o child_n slave_n bear_v ibid._n woman_n succeed_v in_o kingdom_n that_o be_v patrimonial_a 127._o how_o they_o be_v obnoxious_a to_o the_o licence_n of_o war_n 504._o their_o empire_n unknown_a to_o the_o roman_n page_n 144_o woman_n and_o child_n to_o be_v spare_v in_o war_n page_n 504_o word_n signify_v by_o consent_n but_o thing_n and_o act_n not_o so_o 438._o in_o league_n take_v as_o vulgary_o understand_v page_n 190_o 191_o wreck_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v the_o king_n or_o peoples_n unjust_a page_n 121_o write_n be_v but_o last_a monument_n of_o the_o contract_n but_o no_o part_n of_o the_o substance_n page_n 199_o in_o a_o write_n if_o two_o clause_n clash_n and_o can_v be_v reconcile_v to_o which_o we_o shall_v incline_v ibid._n if_o its_o part_n can_v be_v reconcile_v the_o latter_a derogate_v from_o the_o former_a page_n 191_o wrong_n on_o the_o one_o side_n make_v war_n on_o the_o other_o side_n just_a page_n 70_o x._o xenophon_n institution_n of_o cyrus_n page_n 4_o xerxes_n his_o contest_v with_o artabazanes_n for_o the_o kingdom_n page_n 132_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d what_o page_n 183_o y._n yea_o yea_o nay_o nay_o what_o it_o signify_v page_n 174_o z._n of_o zeal_n the_o judgement_n page_n 369_o in_o zealand_n the_o vassal_n pay_v tribute_n for_o their_o common_a field_n to_o the_o state_n whereunto_o every_o man_n contribute_v his_o proportion_n page_n 138_o zeleucus_n his_o law_n concern_v such_o as_o drink_v wine_n contrary_a to_o the_o prescription_n of_o their_o physician_n page_n 4_o zopyrus_n another_o sinon_n betray_v babylon_n to_o darius_n perfidious_o page_v 569_o the_o end_n of_o the_o table_n
plutarch_n recite_v that_o say_v of_o king_n pyrrhus_n that_o he_o will_v leave_v his_o kingdom_n to_o that_o son_n who_o have_v the_o sharp_a sword_n say_v that_o it_o be_v so_o say_v only_o to_o excite_v they_o to_o enrich_v his_o house_n with_o blood_n and_o rapine_n whereupon_o he_o break_v out_o into_o this_o exclamation_n adeo_fw-la insociabile_fw-la ferinumque_fw-la est_fw-la propositum_fw-la plus_fw-la svo_fw-la habendi_fw-la so_o wild_a and_o unsociable_a a_o thing_n be_v covetousness_n aristotle_n seem_v exceed_o to_o blame_v they_o who_o though_o they_o be_v not_o willing_a to_o admit_v of_o any_o king_n or_o governor_n over_o themselves_o but_o he_o that_o have_v the_o true_a right_n yet_o regard_v neither_o right_a nor_o wrong_n in_o the_o government_n of_o foreigner_n the_o lacedaemonian_n say_v plutarch_n place_v the_o great_a part_n of_o honesty_n in_o their_o country_n profit_n jus_fw-la aliud_fw-la nec_fw-la norunt_fw-la age_n plut._n age_n nec_fw-la discunt_fw-la quam_fw-la unde_fw-la spartam_fw-la putant_fw-la posse_fw-la augeri_fw-la they_o will_v neither_o know_v or_o learn_v any_o other_o law_n than_o how_o to_o enlarge_v their_o territory_n the_o like_a character_n do_v the_o athenian_n give_v of_o they_o in_o thucydides_n that_o among_o themselves_o and_o to_o their_o own_o civil_a law_n honesty_n the_o lacedaemonian_n prefer_v public_a profit_n before_o honesty_n they_o be_v very_o just_a but_o as_o to_o stranger_n they_o esteem_v exery_a thing_n honest_a that_o be_v pleasant_a and_o every_o thing_n just_a that_o be_v profitable_a but_o yet_o when_o one_o of_o the_o spartan_a king_n pronounce_v that_o commonwealth_n happy_a reprove_v which_o pompey_n reprove_v which_o be_v bound_v by_o the_o sword_n and_o the_o spear_n pompey_n correct_v he_o say_v yea_o rather_o that_o commonwealth_n be_v true_o happy_a that_o be_v on_o every_o side_n bound_v with_o justice_n for_o which_o he_o may_v also_o have_v produce_v the_o authority_n of_o another_o spartan_a king_n who_o prefer_v justice_n even_o before_o military_a prowess_n upon_o this_o very_a ground_n because_o all_o martial_a power_n ought_v to_o be_v regulate_v by_o justice_n for_o in_o case_n all_o man_n be_v just_a there_o will_v be_v no_o need_n of_o valour_n fortitude_n justice_n prefer_v before_o fortitude_n even_o fortitude_n itself_o be_v by_o the_o stoic_n thus_o define_v to_o be_v valour_n contend_v for_o justice_n when_o agesilaus_n in_o plutarch_n hear_v the_o persian_a king_n style_v great_a he_o demand_v quomodo_n i_o major_n nisi_fw-la sit_fw-la &_o justior_fw-la how_o be_v he_o great_a than_o myself_o unless_o he_o be_v more_o just_a themistius_n in_o his_o oration_n that_o he_o make_v to_o the_o emperor_n valens_n elegant_o discourse_v how_o king_n shall_v be_v qualify_v nation_n and_o to_o be_v extend_v to_o all_o nation_n if_o wisdom_n be_v to_o choose_v they_o say_v not_o such_o as_o shall_v think_v themselves_o entrust_v with_o the_o care_n of_o one_o single_a nation_n only_o but_o of_o all_o mankind_n neither_o shall_v he_o profess_v himself_o to_o be_v a_o friend_n to_o the_o macedonian_n only_o or_o to_o the_o roman_n but_o to_o all_o man_n and_o all_o nation_n whatsoever_o as_o m._n antoninus_n sometime_o say_v of_o himself_o civitas_n &_o patria_fw-la mihi_fw-la est_fw-la ut_fw-la antonino_n roma_n ut_fw-la homini_fw-la mundus_fw-la as_o i_o be_o antoninus_n 3._o de_fw-fr non_fw-fr esu_fw-la animal_n l._n 3._o rome_n be_v my_o country_n as_o i_o be_o a_o man_n the_o world_n so_o also_o porphyry_n he_o that_o be_v guide_v by_o reason_n carry_v himself_o inoffensive_o towards_o his_o own_o subject_n yea_o and_o towards_o stranger_n yea_o and_o towards_o all_o man_n 6._o see_v cyril_n against_o julian_n l._n 6._o quanto_fw-la ratione_fw-la praestans_fw-la tanto_fw-la divinior_n the_o more_o he_o partake_v of_o reason_n the_o more_o he_o partake_v of_o the_o divine_a nature_n the_o very_a name_n of_o minos_n be_v odious_a to_o posterity_n for_o no_o other_o reason_n but_o because_o he_o extend_v his_o justice_n no_o far_o than_o his_o dominion_n each_o country_n groan_v under_o minos_n yoke_n force_n that_o even_o in_o war_n some_o law_n be_v in_o force_n now_o what_o some_o have_v fancy_v namely_o that_o inter_fw-la arma_fw-la cessant_fw-la leges_fw-la in_o war_n all_o law_n lie_v asleep_a be_v so_o far_o from_o truth_n that_o no_o war_n ought_v to_o be_v undertake_v but_o for_o the_o prosecution_n of_o a_o man_n right_a nor_o any_o that_o be_v undertake_v manage_v beyond_o the_o bound_n of_o justice_n and_o faithfulness_n it_o be_v very_o well_o say_v of_o demosthenes_n that_o war_n may_v just_o be_v make_v against_o those_o who_o can_v be_v compel_v to_o do_v we_o right_o in_o a_o judicial_a way_n now_o against_o such_o as_o be_v sensible_a of_o their_o own_o weakness_n judgement_n be_v forceable_a enough_o and_o so_o no_o need_n of_o war_n but_o against_o such_o as_o be_v or_o think_v themselves_o of_o equal_a strength_n if_o they_o will_v not_o do_v right_a war_n may_v be_v just_o undertake_v which_o also_o that_o they_o may_v be_v altogether_o righteous_a must_v be_v manage_v with_o as_o much_o conscience_n as_o judgement_n be_v usual_o pass_v admit_v then_o that_o law_n may_v sleep_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o war_n yet_o they_o must_v be_v those_o only_a that_o be_v civil_a and_o judicial_a judicial_a but_o such_o only_a as_o be_v civil_a and_o judicial_a such_o i_o mean_v as_o be_v proper_a to_o peace_n but_o not_o such_o as_o be_v perpetual_a and_o fit_v unto_o all_o time_n it_o be_v very_o well_o say_v therefore_o by_o dion_n prusaeensis_n that_o write_v law_n be_v of_o no_o force_n among_o enemy_n but_o such_o as_o be_v unwritten_a that_o be_v such_o as_o nature_n herself_o dictate_v or_o the_o consent_n of_o nation_n constitute_v be_v in_o force_n even_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o arms._n arms._n there_o be_v law_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o arms._n when_o one_o ask_v king_n alphonsus_n whether_o he_o think_v himself_o most_o indebt_v to_o book_n or_o arm_n he_o ready_o answer_v that_o he_o be_v behold_v to_o his_o book_n both_o for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o his_o arm_n and_o also_o for_o his_o knowledge_n of_o the_o law_n of_o arms._n so_o also_o plutarch_n sunt_fw-la apud_fw-la bonos_fw-es viros_fw-la quaedam_fw-la &_o belli_fw-la jura_fw-la among_o good_a man_n there_o be_v some_o law_n to_o be_v observe_v even_o in_o war_n neither_o be_v we_o so_o to_o prosecute_v victory_n as_o to_o enrich_v ourselves_o by_o base_a and_o dishonest_a gain_n censeo_fw-la eas_fw-la res_fw-la puro_fw-la pioque_fw-la duello_n quaerendas_fw-la censeo_fw-la this_o appear_v by_o that_o ancient_a form_n of_o the_o roman_n these_o thing_n i_o judge_v aught_o to_o be_v acquire_v by_o a_o just_a and_o pious_a war._n these_o very_a ancient_a roman_n as_o varro_z note_n be_v very_o slow_a in_o make_v war_n and_o not_o very_o licentious_a when_o they_o do_v make_v it_o because_o they_o approve_v of_o no_o war_n but_o what_o be_v pious_a camillus_n be_v wont_a to_o say_v that_o war_n be_v to_o be_v wage_v with_o no_o less_o justice_n than_o valour_n the_o like_a testimony_n do_v scipio_n the_o african_a give_v of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n in_o his_o time_n namely_o that_o they_o always_o begin_v and_o finish_v their_o war_n just_o and_o another_o author_n tell_v we_o that_o there_o be_v law_n for_o war_n as_o well_o as_o for_o peace_n a_o three_o admire_v fabritius_n for_o a_o gallant_a soldier_n but_o principal_o for_o that_o which_o in_o war_n be_v very_o rare_o find_v namely_o his_o innocence_n as_o believe_v that_o some_o thing_n usual_o do_v against_o a_o enemy_n be_v impious_a what_o great_a power_n and_o efficacy_n the_o justness_n of_o a_o cause_n have_v historian_n do_v every_o where_o declare_v say_n the_o goodness_n of_o a_o cause_n be_v of_o great_a efficacy_n in_o war_n proverbial_a say_n whilst_o they_o ofttimes_o ascribe_v the_o victory_n to_o this_o as_o to_o its_o principal_a cause_n from_o whence_o arise_v these_o proverbial_a say_n the_o courage_n of_o soldier_n do_v either_o rise_v or_o fall_v according_a to_o the_o equity_n of_o their_o cause_n he_o seldom_o return_v in_o safety_n that_o willing_o engage_v himself_o in_o a_o unjust_a war._n a_o good_a cause_n be_v never_o unattended_a with_o hope_n thus_o pompey_n in_o appian_n cheer_v up_o the_o spirit_n of_o his_o soldier_n we_o say_v he_o must_v place_v all_o our_o confidence_n in_o the_o god_n and_o in_o the_o goodness_n of_o our_o cause_n as_o have_v enter_v into_o this_o war_n upon_o honest_a and_o just_a ground_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n thus_o likewise_o do_v cassius_n encourage_v his_o soldier_n by_o tell_v they_o that_o the_o great_a hope_n be_v always_o where_o there_o be_v the_o best_a cause_n the_o like_a we_o may_v read_v in_o josephus_n 15._o antiq._n hist_o lib._n 15._o abs_fw-la quo_fw-la stat_fw-la jus_fw-la ab_fw-la eo_fw-la
christian_n who_o will_v espouse_v no_o sect_n of_o philosopher_n not_o that_o they_o be_v of_o their_o opinion_n who_o hold_v that_o nothing_o can_v be_v know_v than_o which_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o absurd_a but_o that_o there_o be_v no_o sect_n that_o can_v discern_v all_o truth_n nor_o any_o but_o what_o hold_v something_o that_o be_v true_a wherefore_o to_o collect_v truth_n thus_o scatter_v and_o through_o so_o many_o sect_n disperse_v into_o one_o body_n this_o they_o conceive_v to_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o to_o deliver_v a_o doctrine_n true_o christian_n thus_o think_v justin_n martyr_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o first_o of_o his_o apologetick_n the_o doctrine_n of_o plato_n be_v not_o much_o different_a from_o those_o of_o christ_n nor_o be_v they_o altogether_o the_o same_o so_o neither_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o the_o stoic_n poet_n or_o historian_n for_o every_o one_o of_o they_o have_v some_o impress_n of_o reason_n see_v in_o part_n what_o be_v consentaneous_a thereunto_o and_o so_o far_o they_o say_v what_o be_v right_a for_o those_o very_a manner_n 3._o ep._n 96._o de_fw-fr ver_fw-la rel_n c._n 3._o say_v st._n augustin_n which_o cicero_n and_o other_o philosopher_n so_o high_o commend_v be_v both_o teach_v and_o learn_v in_o all_o our_o church_n now_o flourish_v through_o the_o world_n and_o in_o another_o place_n speak_v of_o the_o platonist_n 11._o de_fw-fr conf._n l._n 7._o c._n 9_o lib._n 8._o c._n 11._o he_o say_v that_o some_o few_o thing_n be_v correct_v they_o may_v pass_v for_o christian_n it_o be_v not_o without_o cause_n that_o some_o of_o the_o platonist_n and_o ancient_a christian_n dissent_v from_o aristotle_n in_o this_o that_o he_o place_v the_o very_a nature_n of_o virtue_n in_o a_o mediocrity_n of_o affection_n and_o action_n which_o be_v thus_o place_v drive_v he_o to_o this_o that_o he_o compact_a two_o several_a virtue_n namely_o liberality_n and_o parsimony_n into_o one_o and_o give_v unto_o truth_n two_o opposite_n not_o equal_o distant_a from_o it_o namely_o vain-boasting_a and_o dissimulation_n and_o impose_v the_o name_n of_o vice_n upon_o some_o thing_n either_o not_o exist_v or_o which_o of_o themselves_o be_v no_o vice_n as_o the_o contempt_n of_o pleasure_n and_o honour_n and_o a_o vacuity_n of_o anger_n against_o man_n but_o that_o this_o foundation_n of_o he_o if_o take_v universal_o be_v not_o right_o lay_v will_v appear_v even_o from_o justice_n itself_o who_o opposite_n be_v too_o much_o or_o too_o little_a when_o he_o can_v not_o find_v in_o the_o affection_n and_o their_o subsequent_a action_n he_o be_v enforce_v to_o seek_v for_o both_o in_o the_o very_a thing_n themselves_o about_o which_o justice_n be_v conversant_a which_o very_o thing_n be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o leap_v from_o one_o genus_fw-la to_o another_o which_o he_o deserve_o blame_v in_o other_o and_o in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o receive_v less_o than_o what_o be_v our_o due_n may_v have_v somewhat_o of_o vice_n adhere_v unto_o it_o as_o circumstance_n may_v happen_v for_o it_o may_v be_v that_o what_o any_o man_n so_o abate_v he_o may_v owe_v to_o the_o relief_n of_o either_o himself_o or_o of_o his_o relation_n but_o certain_o it_o can_v be_v repugnant_a to_o justice_n which_o whole_o consist_v in_o abstain_v from_o what_o be_v another_o man_n such_o another_o fallacy_n be_v this_o that_o he_o will_v not_o have_v adultery_n proceed_v from_o lust_n and_o murder_n proceed_v from_o anger_n to_o belong_v proper_o to_o injustice_n whereas_o notwithstanding_o injustice_n be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o detention_n of_o another_o man_n right_a whether_o out_o of_o lust_n or_o out_o of_o anger_n or_o out_o of_o a_o unadvised_a charity_n or_o out_o of_o a_o ambition_n or_o vainglory_n from_o whence_o the_o great_a injury_n do_v usual_o arise_v it_o matter_n not_o for_o to_o trample_v upon_o all_o temptation_n whatsoever_o rather_o than_o to_o dissolve_v humane_a society_n this_o true_o be_v the_o proper_a work_n of_o justice_n but_o to_o return_v from_o whence_o we_o come_v true_a it_o be_v that_o to_o some_o virtue_n affection_n some_o virtue_n require_v the_o moderation_n of_o our_o affection_n it_o fall_v out_o so_o that_o the_o affection_n must_v be_v moderate_v but_o not_o because_o it_o be_v proper_a and_o perpetual_a to_o all_o virtue_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v so_o but_o because_o right_a reason_n whereupon_o virtue_n always_o and_o every_o where_o attend_v do_v in_o some_o prescribe_v a_o measure_n to_o be_v follow_v not_z other_o not_z whereas_o in_o other_o it_o excite_v to_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o what_o we_o can_v do_v it_o be_v well_o say_v of_o agathias_n 5._o lib._n 5._o of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o mind_n those_o be_v simple_o and_o altogether_o to_o be_v embrace_v in_o which_o that_o which_o be_v agreeable_a to_o our_o duty_n and_o worthy_a our_o choice_n be_v sound_a and_o sincere_a but_o in_o those_o which_o may_v haply_o decline_v unto_o evil_n we_o must_v not_o simple_o and_o absolute_o follow_v but_o so_o far_o only_o as_o be_v convenient_a prudence_n be_v a_o pure_a and_o uncorrupted_a good_a which_o none_o will_v deny_v in_o anger_n that_o which_o stir_v we_o up_o to_o action_n be_v commendable_a but_o that_o which_o exceed_v moderation_n to_o be_v avoid_v as_o be_v damagable_a love_v god_n too_o much_o we_o can_v for_o superstition_n sin_v not_o in_o this_o that_o it_o worship_v god_n too_o much_o but_o in_o that_o it_o worship_v he_o perverse_o neither_o can_v we_o be_v say_v excessive_o to_o desire_v thing_n that_o be_v good_a and_o that_o be_v eternal_a or_o excessive_o to_o fear_v those_o torment_n which_o be_v everlasting_a nor_o too_o much_o to_o hate_v sin_n it_o be_v therefore_o true_o say_v of_o gellius_n some_o thing_n there_o be_v of_o so_o vast_a extent_n that_o they_o will_v admit_v of_o no_o bound_n or_o moderation_n and_o that_o be_v so_o much_o the_o more_o praiseworthy_a as_o they_o be_v great_a and_o large_a lactantius_n when_o he_o have_v large_o discourse_v of_o the_o affection_n say_v non_fw-la in_o his_o moderandis_fw-la sapientiae_fw-la ratio_fw-la versatur_fw-la etc._n etc._n true_a wisdom_n consist_v not_o in_o the_o moderation_n of_o these_o but_o in_o the_o cause_n of_o they_o because_o these_o be_v move_v by_o some_o thing_n that_o be_v without_o we_o neither_o shall_v a_o restraint_n be_v put_v principal_o upon_o they_o because_o they_o may_v be_v but_o small_a in_o the_o great_a crime_n and_o they_o may_v be_v very_o great_a without_o any_o crime_n our_o purpose_n be_v to_o magnify_v aristotle_n treatise_n history_n have_v a_o twofold_a use_n in_o this_o treatise_n but_o with_o the_o same_o freedom_n as_o he_o himself_o take_v against_o his_o master_n in_o favour_n to_o truth_n history_n have_v a_o double_a use_n as_o to_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n for_o it_o supply_v we_o with_o example_n and_o judgement_n in_o most_o case_n as_o for_o example_n the_o better_a the_o time_n and_o the_o people_n be_v the_o great_a be_v their_o authority_n for_o which_o reason_n we_o make_v choice_n of_o the_o ancient_a grecian_n and_o roman_n rather_o than_o of_o other_o neither_o do_v i_o despise_v their_o judgement_n especial_o when_o they_o agree_v for_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n as_o we_o have_v say_v be_v in_o some_o measure_n from_o hence_o prove_v but_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n can_v be_v prove_v otherwise_o the_o opinion_n and_o sentence_n of_o poet_n and_o orator_n be_v not_o of_o so_o great_a authority_n but_o yet_o we_o sometime_o make_v use_n of_o they_o not_o so_o much_o because_o we_o count_v they_o authentic_a or_o authoritative_a but_o rather_o as_o ornament_n to_o confirm_v what_o otherwise_o we_o do_v prove_v scripture_n the_o holy_a scripture_n of_o the_o authority_n of_o such_o book_n as_o holy_a man_n by_o the_o afflate_v of_o god_n spirit_n have_v write_v or_o approve_v we_o often_o make_v use_n yet_o with_o some_o difference_n between_o the_o old_a and_o new_a testament_n the_o former_a be_v by_o some_o quote_v for_o the_o very_a law_n of_o nature_n but_o without_o doubt_n erroneous_o for_o many_o thing_n therein_o do_v proceed_v from_o the_o freewill_n and_o pleasure_n of_o god_n nature_n not_o repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v no_o whit_n repugnant_a to_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o so_o far_o argument_n may_v be_v right_o draw_v from_o thence_o so_o that_o we_o careful_o distinguish_v that_o law_n of_o god_n which_o god_n by_o man_n do_v sometime_o execute_v and_o that_o which_o man_n execute_v among_o themselves_o we_o have_v as_o near_o as_o we_o can_v avoid_v both_o this_o error_n and_o another_o contrary_n unto_o it_o which_o be_v publish_v the_o old_a testament_n not_o useless_a since_o the_o new_a be_v publish_v that_o after_o the_o time_n of_o the_o
injurer_n although_o those_o injury_n do_v not_o the_o least_o touch_v we_o and_o the_o great_a the_o wrong_a be_v the_o great_a be_v our_o indignation_n against_o he_o that_o do_v it_o no_o man_n be_v equal_o incense_v against_o he_o that_o cut_v a_o purse_n only_o as_o he_o be_v against_o he_o that_o commit_v a_o murder_n but_o if_o at_o any_o time_n justice_n be_v attribute_v to_o brute_n beast_n it_o be_v improper_o and_o only_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o analogy_n or_o resemblance_n that_o it_o have_v to_o humane_a justice_n 5._o pliny_n l._n 8._o c._n 5._o as_o be_v that_o of_o the_o 30_o elephant_n record_v by_o pliny_n who_o can_v not_o by_o any_o mean_n be_v provoke_v to_o be_v instrumental_a to_o the_o cruelty_n of_o king_n bacchus_n in_o worry_v 30_o other_o elephant_n which_o he_o have_v bind_v to_o so_o many_o tree_n on_o purpose_n to_o have_v they_o destroy_v 10._o lib._n 10._o and_o that_o also_o of_o the_o asp_n record_v by_o the_o same_o pliny_n who_o have_v be_v say_v daily_o at_o a_o man_n table_n kill_v one_o of_o she_o own_o young_a one_o for_o kill_v the_o man_n son_n by_o who_o he_o have_v be_v so_o feed_v and_o will_v never_o afterward_o come_v into_o the_o same_o house_n these_o be_v say_v to_o be_v just_a act_n not_o proper_o but_o only_o as_o they_o have_v some_o faint_a resemblance_n of_o justice_n and_o some_o light_a impression_n of_o reason_n 3._o de_fw-fr ira_fw-la l._n 5._o c._n 3._o seneca_n therefore_o deny_v that_o dumb_a beast_n partake_v any_o thing_n of_o humane_a passion_n yet_o he_o acknowledge_v that_o they_o have_v somewhat_o that_o be_v like_a unto_o they_o they_o can_v proper_o be_v say_v to_o be_v angry_a yet_o have_v they_o some_o violent_a impulse_n like_v unto_o anger_n non_fw-la vitia_fw-la sed_fw-la vitiorum_fw-la simulachra_fw-la they_o have_v no_o vice_n but_o somewhat_o like_a unto_o humane_a vice_n as_o origen_n plead_v against_o celsus_n but_o whether_o the_o act_n itself_o whereupon_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 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erratum_fw-la sed_fw-la traditum_fw-la what_o be_v approve_v of_o by_o the_o most_o be_v not_o error_n but_o tradition_n i_o say_v before_o that_o that_o must_v needs_o be_v a_o dictate_v of_o nature_n that_o be_v acknowledge_v to_o be_v so_o by_o all_o or_o at_o least_o by_o the_o most_o civilise_v nation_n and_o deserve_o for_o some_o people_n be_v so_o fierce_a and_o savage_a that_o they_o have_v hardly_o any_o humanity_n among_o they_o as_o prophyrie_n right_o observe_v now_o no_o man_n of_o sound_a judgement_n sure_o will_v impute_v this_o as_o a_o general_a reproach_n to_o all_o mankind_n sure_o this_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v immutable_a and_o the_o same_o with_o all_o mankind_n that_o be_v of_o sound_n and_o perfect_a mind_n rhod._n andr._n rhod._n but_o if_o it_o appear_v otherwise_o to_o such_o be_v of_o distemper_a and_o perverse_a spirit_n or_o have_v be_v so_o corrupt_v through_o a_o evil_a education_n that_o they_o have_v lose_v even_o common_a sense_n and_o all_o natural_a notion_n it_o do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o weaken_v the_o authority_n of_o this_o law_n no_o more_o than_o it_o will_v evince_v that_o honey_n be_v not_o sweet_a because_o it_o do_v not_o seem_v so_o to_o such_o as_o be_v sick_a or_o of_o distemper_a palate_n not_o much_o discrepant_a from_o this_o be_v that_o of_o plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o pompey_n there_o neither_o be_v nor_o ever_o be_v any_o man_n by_o nature_n wild_a and_o unsociable_a many_o have_v indeed_o be_v make_v so_o by_o accustom_v themselves_o to_o live_v like_o beast_n beyond_o the_o bound_n of_o nature_n law_n and_o yet_o even_o these_o by_o change_v their_o manner_n of_o life_n or_o the_o place_n of_o their_o abode_n be_v easy_o reduce_v to_o become_v gentle_a and_o sociable_a and_o therefore_o aristotle_n in_o the_o description_n that_o he_o give_v of_o man_n make_v this_o as_o it_o be_v his_o proper_a passion_n that_o he_o be_v by_o nature_n a_o creature_n mild_a and_o tractable_a 3._o top._n l._n 5._o c._n 3._o especial_o if_o we_o judge_v of_o he_o according_a to_o that_o general_a rule_n that_o the_o same_o aristotle_n lay_v down_o quid_fw-la naturale_fw-la sit_fw-la spectandum_fw-la in_o his_o quae_fw-la bene_fw-la secundum_fw-la naturam_fw-la se_fw-la habent_fw-la non_fw-la in_o depravatis_fw-la 5._o pol._n l._n 1._o 5._o what_o be_v the_o true_a nature_n of_o any_o thing_n be_v best_a know_v by_o those_o that_o be_v perfect_a in_o their_o own_o kind_n and_o not_o by_o those_o that_o be_v deprave_v and_o corrupt_v for_o if_o we_o steer_v our_o judgement_n by_o this_o rule_n we_o can_v but_o acknowledge_v man_n to_o be_v in_o his_o own_o nature_n the_o most_o meek_a gentle_a and_o peaceable_a creature_n of_o all_o other_o as_o have_v nothing_o by_o nature_n give_v he_o whereby_o either_o to_o offend_v other_o or_o to_o defend_v himself_o beside_o as_o nature_n have_v make_v he_o the_o gentle_a of_o all_o other_o live_v creature_n so_o as_o philo_n observe_v have_v she_o make_v he_o sociable_a nay_o greedy_a of_o society_n and_o have_v also_o fit_v he_o thereunto_o by_o give_v he_o that_o excellent_a ornament_n of_o speech_n wherewith_o his_o passion_n though_o never_o so_o fierce_a and_o rage_a be_v sudden_o as_o if_o by_o some_o spell_n or_o incantation_n becalm_v xiii_o voluntary_a law_n another_o species_n of_o jus_o as_o take_v for_o a_o law_n there_o be_v which_o we_o call_v voluntary_a because_o it_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o will_n which_o be_v either_o divine_a or_o humane_a fourteen_o humane_a law_n divide_v we_o shall_v begin_v with_o that_o which_o be_v humane_a because_o it_o be_v more_o general_o know_v and_o this_o be_v either_o civil_a or_o that_o which_o be_v more_o extend_v or_o that_o which_o be_v more_o contract_v than_o civil_a the_o civil_a law_n be_v that_o which_o arise_v from_o the_o civil_a power_n the_o civil_a power_n
the_o very_a same_o word_n but_o yet_o if_o either_o for_o this_o or_o for_o any_o other_o cause_n any_o injury_n be_v offer_v unto_o we_o because_o it_o so_o please_v he_o that_o have_v the_o sovereign_a power_n it_o ought_v rather_o to_o be_v patient_o tolerate_v than_o by_o force_n resist_v for_o although_o we_o do_v not_o owe_v a_o active_a obedience_n to_o such_o command_n of_o prince_n yet_o we_o do_v owe_v a_o passive_a though_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o violate_v the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o of_o nature_n to_o fulfil_v the_o will_n of_o the_o great_a monarch_n yet_o ought_v we_o rather_o patient_o to_o submit_v to_o whatsoever_o he_o shall_v inflict_v upon_o we_o for_o not_o obey_v than_o by_o resistance_n to_o violate_v our_o country_n peace_n the_o best_a and_o safe_a course_n we_o can_v steer_v in_o such_o a_o case_n be_v either_o by_o flight_n to_o preserve_v ourselves_o or_o resolve_o to_o undergo_v whatsoever_o shall_v be_v impose_v on_o we_o ii_o war_n against_o superior_n as_o such_o unlawful_a and_o natural_o all_o man_n have_v a_o right_a to_o repel_v injury_n from_o themselves_o by_o resist_v they_o as_o we_o have_v already_o say_v but_o civil_a society_n be_v once_o institute_v for_o the_o preservation_n of_o peace_n there_o present_o succeed_v unto_o that_o commonwealth_n a_o certain_a great_a right_o over_o we_o and_o we_o so_o far_o forth_o as_o be_v necessary_a for_o that_o end_n and_o therefore_o that_o promiscuous_a right_n that_o nature_n give_v we_o to_o resist_v the_o commonwealth_n for_o the_o maintain_n of_o good_a order_n and_o the_o public_a peace_n have_v a_o right_a to_o prohibit_v which_o without_o all_o doubt_n it_o do_v see_v that_o otherwise_o it_o can_v obtain_v the_o end_n it_o propose_v to_o itself_o for_o in_o case_n that_o promiscuous_a right_n of_o forceable_a resistance_n shall_v be_v tolerate_v it_o will_v be_v no_o long_o a_o commonwealth_n that_o be_v a_o sanctuary_n against_o oppression_n but_o a_o confuse_a rabble_n such_o as_o that_o of_o the_o cyclops_n whereof_o the_o poet_n thus_o where_o every_o ass_n may_v on_o his_o wife_n and_o child_n judgement_n pass_v a_o dissolute_a company_n where_o all_o be_v speaker_n and_o no_o hearer_n like_a unto_o that_o which_o valerius_n record_v of_o the_o bebricii_fw-la who_o all_o league_n and_o law_n disdain_v and_o justice_n which_o man_n mind_n in_o peace_n retain_v sallust_n make_v mention_n of_o a_o wild_a and_o savage_a people_n live_v like_o beast_n in_o wood_n and_o mountain_n without_o law_n and_o without_o government_n who_o he_o call_v aborigines_n and_o in_o another_o place_n of_o the_o getuli_n who_o have_v neither_o law_n good_a custom_n nor_o any_o prince_n to_o govern_v they_o but_o city_n can_v subsist_v without_o these_o generale_fw-mi pactum_fw-la est_fw-la societatis_fw-la humanae_fw-la regibus_fw-la obedire_fw-la all_o humane_a society_n say_v st._n augustine_n unanimous_o agree_v in_o this_o to_o obey_v king_n so_o aeschylus_n king_n live_v by_o their_o own_o law_n subject_n to_o none_o and_o sophocles_n they_o prince_n be_v obey_v we_o must_v what_o not_o to_o the_o same_o tune_n sing_v euripides_n folly_n in_o king_n must_v be_v with_o patience_n bear_v whereunto_o agree_v that_o of_o tacitus_n principi_fw-la summum_fw-la rerum_fw-la arbitrium_fw-la dii_fw-la dederunt_fw-la etc._n etc._n subditis_fw-la obsequii_fw-la gloria_fw-la relicta_fw-la est_fw-la god_n have_v invest_v a_o prince_n with_o sovereign_a power_n leave_v nothing_o to_o subject_n but_o the_o glory_n of_o obedience_n and_o here_o also_o sen._n sen._n thing_n base_a seem_v noble_a when_o by_o prince_n do_v what_o they_o impose_v bear_v thou_o be_v it_o right_a or_o wrong_n wherewith_o agree_v that_o of_o sallust_n impunè_fw-la quid_fw-la vis_fw-la facere_fw-la hoc_fw-la est_fw-la regem_fw-la esse_fw-la to_o do_v anything_o without_o fear_n of_o punishment_n be_v peculiar_a to_o king_n for_o as_o mark_n anthony_n urge_v in_o herod_n case_n if_o he_o be_v accountable_a for_o what_o he_o have_v do_v as_o a_o king_n he_o can_v not_o be_v a_o king_n hence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o majesty_n of_o such_o as_o have_v sovereign_a power_n whether_o in_o one_o or_o more_o be_v sence_v with_o so_o many_o and_o so_o severe_a law_n and_o the_o licentiousness_n of_o subject_n restrain_v with_o such_o sharp_a and_o exquisite_a torment_n which_o be_v unreasonable_a if_o to_o resist_v they_o be_v lawful_a if_o a_o soldier_n resist_v his_o captain_n that_o strike_v he_o again_o a_o officer_n strike_v must_v not_o be_v strike_v again_o and_o but_o lie_v hold_v on_o his_o partisan_n he_o shall_v be_v cashier_v but_o if_o he_o either_o break_v it_o or_o offer_v to_o strike_v again_o he_o shall_v be_v put_v to_o death_n for_o as_o aristotle_n observe_v if_o he_o that_o be_v a_o officer_n strike_v he_o shall_v not_o be_v strike_v again_o iii_o the_o unlawfulness_n of_o make_v war_n against_o our_o superior_n prove_v by_o the_o jewish_a law_n by_o the_o hebrew_n law_n he_o that_o behave_v himself_o contumacious_o against_o either_o the_o highpriest_n or_o against_o he_o who_o be_v extraordinary_o by_o god_n ordain_v to_o govern_v his_o people_n be_v to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n and_o that_o which_o in_o the_o eight_o chapter_n of_o the_o first_o book_n of_o samuel_n be_v speak_v of_o the_o right_n of_o king_n to_o he_o that_o thorough_o inspect_v it_o be_v neither_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o their_o true_a and_o just_a right_n that_o be_v of_o what_o they_o may_v do_v just_o and_o honest_o for_o the_o duty_n of_o king_n be_v much_o otherwise_o describe_v deut._n 8.11_o nor_o be_v it_o to_o be_v understand_v bare_o of_o what_o he_o will_v do_v for_o than_o it_o have_v signify_v nothing_o that_o be_v singular_a or_o extraordinary_a 17.14_o jos_n 1.18_o 1_o sam._n 8.11_o deut._n 17.14_o for_o private_a man_n do_v the_o same_o to_o private_a man_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o such_o a_o fact_n as_o usurp_v or_o carry_v with_o it_o the_o privilege_n of_o what_o be_v right_a that_o be_v that_o it_o must_v not_o be_v resist_v although_o it_o be_v not_o right_a for_o king_n have_v a_o right_n peculiar_a to_o themselves_o and_o what_o in_o other_o be_v punishable_a in_o they_o be_v not_o that_o old_a say_v summum_fw-la jus_o summa_fw-la injuria_fw-la extreme_a right_n be_v extreme_a wrong_n be_v best_a fit_v to_o the_o case_n of_o king_n who_o absolute_a power_n makâ—s_v that_o seem_v right_a which_o strict_o take_v be_v not_o so_o there_o be_v a_o main_a difference_n between_o right_a in_o this_o sense_n take_v just_a right_o difference_v from_o just_a and_o just_o for_o in_o the_o former_a sense_n it_o comprehend_v whatsoever_o may_v be_v do_v without_o fear_n of_o punishment_n but_o just_o respect_v only_a thing_n lawful_a and_o honest_a and_o though_o some_o king_n there_o be_v who_o be_v what_o servius_n in_o cicero_n philippic_n be_v command_v to_o be_v magis_fw-la justitiae_fw-la quam_fw-la juris_fw-la consulti_fw-la more_o regardful_a of_o their_o honour_n and_o duty_n than_o of_o their_o power_n and_o prerogative_n yet_o this_o do_v not_o diminish_v their_o sovereign_a right_n because_o if_o they_o will_v they_o may_v do_v otherwise_o without_o the_o danger_n of_o be_v resist_v and_o therefore_o it_o be_v add_v in_o that_o place_n of_o samuel_n before_o cite_v that_o when_o the_o people_n shall_v at_o any_o time_n be_v thus_o oppress_v by_o their_o king_n as_o if_o there_o be_v no_o remedy_n to_o be_v expect_v from_o man_n they_o shall_v invoke_v his_o help_n who_o be_v the_o supreme_a judge_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n so_o that_o whatsoever_o a_o king_n do_v though_o the_o same_o do_v by_o a_o inferior_a person_n will_v be_v a_o injury_n yet_o be_v do_v by_o he_o be_v right_o as_o a_o judge_n be_v say_v jus_fw-la reddere_fw-la to_o do_v right_a though_o the_o sentence_n he_o give_v be_v unrighteous_a iv_o by_o the_o gospel_n law_n when_o christ_n in_o the_o new_a testament_n command_v to_o give_v caesar_n his_o due_a doubtless_o he_o intend_v that_o his_o disciple_n shall_v yield_v as_o great_a if_o not_o a_o great_a obedience_n as_o well_o active_a as_o passive_a unto_o the_o high_a power_n than_o what_o be_v due_a from_o the_o jew_n to_o their_o king_n which_o st._n paul_n who_o be_v best_o able_a to_o interpret_v his_o master_n word_n expound_v rom._n 13._o do_v at_o large_a describe_v the_o duty_n of_o subject_n 13.2_o rom._n 13.2_o charge_v those_o that_o resist_v the_o power_n of_o king_n with_o no_o less_o crime_n than_o rebellion_n against_o god_n ordinance_n and_o with_o a_o judgement_n as_o great_a as_o their_o sin_n for_o say_v he_o they_o that_o do_v so_o resist_v shall_v receive_v unto_o themselves_o damnation_n and_o a_o little_a after_o he_o urge_v the_o necessity_n of_o our_o subjection_n not_o altogether_o for_o fear_n but_o for_o conscience_n as_o know_v that_o he_o
si_fw-la alitus_fw-la sit_fw-la ferendus_fw-la est_fw-la either_o not_o to_o nourish_v a_o lion_n or_o be_v nourish_v not_o to_o provoke_v he_o it_o be_v indeed_o a_o very_a difficult_a case_n and_o will_v admit_v of_o a_o strong_a debate_n whether_o peace_n or_o liberty_n be_v most_o acceptable_a eligible_a whether_o peace_n or_o liberty_n be_v most_o eligible_a cicero_n make_v this_o question_n the_o most_o difficult_a of_o all_o other_o in_o the_o politic_n to_o be_v resolve_v whether_o our_o country_n be_v oppress_v by_o tyranny_n we_o may_v attempt_v to_o redeem_v it_o although_o with_o the_o danger_n of_o its_o desolation_n but_o it_o be_v not_o for_o private_a man_n to_o determine_v what_o the_o common_a judgement_n of_o the_o people_n will_v be_v in_o this_o case_n but_o this_o we_o abominate_a as_o be_v gross_o unjust_a to_o make_v our_o country_n liberty_n a_o cloak_n for_o our_o own_o ambition_n and_o to_o pretend_v to_o deliver_v she_o when_o we_o intend_v to_o enslave_v she_o sylla_n be_v demand_v 1_o app._n civit._n 1_o why_o he_o march_v into_o his_o own_o country_n so_o strong_o arm_v answer_v ut_fw-la eam_fw-la à _fw-la tyrannis_fw-la liberem_fw-la to_o deliver_v it_o from_o tyrant_n when_o he_o that_o pretend_v so_o to_o do_v be_v himself_o the_o great_a tyrant_n major_n plut._n catent_n major_n so_o antiochus_n bring_v a_o mighty_a army_n into_o greece_n allege_v that_o he_o come_v to_o set_v greece_n at_o liberty_n when_o indeed_o it_o want_v none_o his_o pretence_n be_v liberty_n but_o his_o intent_n tyranny_n crudelitatem_fw-la damnat_fw-la &_o crudelitatem_fw-la init_fw-la by_o condemn_v tyranny_n he_o trapan_n they_o into_o it_o commotion_n cicero_n ep._n fam._n l._n 1._o no_o alteration_n of_o government_n without_o violent_a commotion_n it_o be_v much_o better_a counsel_n that_o plato_n give_v to_o perdiccas_n which_o plato_n thus_o render_v that_o he_o shall_v attempt_v no_o more_o in_o the_o commonwealth_n than_o he_o can_v justify_v to_o his_o subject_n for_o that_o nothing_o savour_v of_o force_n or_o violence_n shall_v be_v obtrude_v upon_o either_o our_o parent_n or_o our_o country_n to_o the_o same_o sense_n be_v that_o of_o sallust_n though_o thou_o can_v govern_v thy_o country_n or_o thy_o parent_n by_o force_n and_o correct_v at_o thy_o pleasure_n every_o small_a offence_n yet_o will_v it_o seem_v harsh_a and_o troublesome_a especial_o consider_v that_o no_o violent_a thing_n can_v be_v permanent_a jug_n bello_fw-la jug_n nor_o any_o mutation_n of_o government_n without_o violent_a commotion_n war_n rapine_n and_o such_o like_a act_n of_o hostility_n not_o much_o different_a from_o this_o be_v that_o of_o statius_n in_o plutarch_n brut._n vita_fw-la brut._n it_o become_v not_o a_o wise_a or_o a_o prudent_a man_n to_o endanger_v himself_o in_o popular_a tumult_n among_o either_o fool_n or_o knave_n whereunto_o we_o may_v also_o not_o impertinent_o refer_v that_o of_o st._n ambrose_n commendable_a to_o deliver_v the_o poor_a from_o oppression_n so_o it_o be_v without_o raise_v tumult_n or_o sedition_n be_v commendable_a this_o also_o will_v high_o advance_v thy_o credit_n and_o reputation_n if_o thou_o can_v rescue_v the_o poor_a out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o oppressor_n and_o deliver_v he_o that_o be_v wrongful_o condemn_v to_o die_v so_o that_o thou_o do_v it_o without_o raise_v tumult_n or_o move_a sedition_n lest_o otherwise_o thou_o shall_v seem_v to_o do_v it_o rather_o out_o of_o a_o affectation_n of_o popularity_n and_o vain_a glory_n than_o out_o of_o pity_n and_o commiseration_n and_o so_o consequent_o make_v those_o wound_v deep_a which_o thou_o shall_v heal_v it_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o aquinas_n that_o the_o pull_v down_o of_o government_n though_o tyrannical_a be_v sometime_o seditious_a neither_o be_v we_o much_o move_v to_o the_o contrary_a by_o that_o fact_n of_o ehud_n to_o eglon_n king_n of_o the_o moabite_n for_o the_o scripture_n plain_o tell_v we_o 3.15_o judg._n 3.15_o that_o god_n raise_v up_o ehud_n to_o deliver_v israel_n what_o ehud_n do_v be_v do_v by_o the_o special_a warrant_n of_o god_n himself_o neither_o do_v it_o appear_v that_o this_o king_n of_o the_o moabite_n have_v by_o agreement_n no_o right_n of_o sovereignty_n 9.27_o nehem._n 9.27_o for_o god_n we_o read_v do_v execute_v his_o judgement_n even_o against_o other_o king_n by_o such_o instrument_n as_o he_o himself_o be_v please_v to_o raise_v up_o to_o that_o purpose_n as_o may_v be_v collect_v by_o jehu_n against_o joram_n 2_o kin._n 9_o xx._n no_o private_a man_n to_o be_v judge_n in_o this_o case_n but_o it_o be_v especial_o to_o be_v note_v that_o no_o private_a person_n ought_v to_o determine_v controversy_n of_o this_o nature_n but_o shall_v rather_o obey_v the_o present_a possessor_n as_o christ_n command_v to_o pay_v tribute_n to_o caesar_n 22.20_o caesar_n mat._n 22.20_o because_o his_o image_n make_v the_o money_n currant_n which_o be_v a_o convince_a argument_n that_o he_o be_v in_o full_a possession_n of_o the_o empire_n at_o that_o time_n for_o the_o coin_n of_o money_n be_v ever_o the_o most_o certain_a sign_n of_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o empire_n chap._n v._o who_o may_v lawful_o make_v war._n i._o the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o war_n be_v either_o the_o principal_n in_o their_o own_o cause_n ii_o or_o in_o the_o cause_n of_o another_o iii_o or_o instrumental_a as_o servant_n and_o subject_n iv_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n none_o be_v prohibit_v from_o war._n i._o the_o principal_a efficient_a cause_n as_o in_o all_o other_o thing_n so_o in_o action_n that_o be_v voluntary_a there_o be_v three_o sort_n of_o cause_n efficient_a that_o be_v to_o say_v principal_a auxiliary_a and_o instrumental_a the_o principal_a efficient_a cause_n in_o a_o war_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n he_o who_o the_o quarrel_n be_v in_o a_o private_a war_n any_o private_a person_n in_o a_o public_a he_o that_o have_v the_o public_a power_n especial_o if_o it_o be_v supreme_a whether_o a_o war_n may_v be_v just_o undertake_v in_o the_o behalf_n of_o another_o not_o make_v war_n shall_v be_v discuss_v hereafter_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n this_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o natural_o every_o man_n have_v a_o right_a to_o revenge_v his_o own_o quarrel_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n be_v hand_n give_v unto_o we_o ii_o auxiliary_a neither_o have_v we_o a_o right_a to_o vindicate_v our_o own_o quarrel_n only_o but_o we_o may_v both_o lawful_o and_o laudable_o improve_v our_o right_n to_o the_o vindication_n of_o other_o man_n also_o they_o that_o treat_v of_o office_n say_v true_o altero_fw-la nihil_fw-la utilius_fw-la homini_fw-la homine_fw-la altero_fw-la that_o there_o be_v nothing_o so_o usuful_a and_o profitable_a unto_o man_n as_o another_z man_n there_o be_v several_a obligation_n wherein_o we_o stand_v bind_v to_o one_o another_o for_o mutual_a help_n and_o assistance_n for_o kinsman_n do_v usual_o combine_v to_o help_v one_o another_o so_o one_o neighbour_n be_v oppress_v invoke_v the_o help_n of_o another_o so_o also_o do_v citizen_n the_o aid_n of_o their_o fellow-citizen_n aristotle_n think_v it_o a_o duty_n incumbent_n to_o every_o man_n to_o assume_v arm_n either_o to_o defend_v himself_o in_o case_n a_o injury_n be_v offer_v he_o or_o to_o assist_v his_o kinsman_n his_o benefactor_n or_o his_o companion_n in_o case_n of_o oppression_n and_o in_o solon_n esteem_n that_o be_v the_o best_a commonwealth_n wherein_o every_o man_n be_v as_o sensible_a of_o injury_n offer_v to_o another_o menander_n it_o be_v well_o say_v of_o menander_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v offer_v to_o themselves_o admodum_fw-la â—â—juriarum_fw-la si_fw-la improbis_fw-la auctoribus_fw-la reponeremus_fw-la ultionem_fw-la singuli_fw-la nâ—bâ—_n puâ—antes_fw-la fieri_fw-la quod_fw-la sit_fw-la alteri_fw-la inter_fw-la nos_fw-la juncti_fw-la conspiratis_fw-la viribus_fw-la non_fw-la praevaleret_fw-la innocentiae_fw-la impetus_fw-la audax_fw-la malorum_fw-la qui_fw-la custoditi_fw-la undique_fw-la jussique_fw-la poenas_fw-la quas_fw-la merentur_fw-la peâ—â—â—e_fw-la aut_fw-la nulli_fw-la penitus_fw-la essent_fw-la aut_fw-la paâ—ci_fw-la admodum_fw-la hence_o be_v that_o of_o plautus_n praetorquete_fw-la injuriae_fw-la prius_fw-la collum_n quam_fw-la ad_fw-la vos_fw-la perveniat_fw-la break_v the_o neck_n of_o a_o injury_n before_o it_o come_v at_o we_o but_o though_o all_o other_o obligation_n shall_v fail_v yet_o it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o we_o be_v link_v together_o in_o the_o common_a stock_n of_o humanity_n for_o ab_fw-la homine_fw-la nihil_fw-la humani_fw-la alienum_fw-la nothing_o that_o be_v incident_a to_o humane_a nature_n shall_v be_v to_o any_o man_n strange_a democritus_n tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v a_o duty_n incumbent_n upon_o every_o man_n so_o far_o as_o he_o be_v able_a to_o succour_v all_o that_o be_v oppress_v with_o wrong_n and_o not_o at_o all_o to_o neglect_v it_o for_o this_o say_v he_o be_v both_o just_a and_o honest_a which_o lactantius_n thus_o express_v god_n say_v he_o who_o deny_v to_o all_o
lead_v as_o have_v their_o mind_n distract_v with_o no_o manner_n of_o care_n as_o josephus_n testify_v and_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n write_v macrobius_n at_o the_o first_o the_o conversation_n of_o man_n be_v with_o such_o a_o innocent_a simplicity_n as_o have_v no_o commixture_n at_o all_o of_o evil_n in_o it_o be_v altogother_n unacquainted_a with_o that_o guile_n and_o subtlety_n that_o now_o rage_v in_o the_o world_n the_o wise_a man_n term_v it_o sincerity_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d wisd_v 3.24_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o so_o do_v st._n paul_n eph._n 6.24_o and_o sometime_o it_o be_v call_v singleness_n which_o be_v oppose_v to_o craft_n and_o subtlety_n they_o then_o make_v the_o worship_n of_o god_n their_o only_a care_n which_o be_v symbolise_v by_o the_o tree_n of_o life_n or_o divine_a wisdom_n prov._n 3.18_o as_o philo_n aquavitae_fw-la arbour_n aquavitae_fw-la and_o the_o learned_a among_o the_o jew_n explain_v it_o with_o who_o agree_v st._n john_n apoc._n 22.2_o their_o diet_n be_v as_o simple_a as_o their_o life_n for_o they_o feed_v on_o nothing_o but_o what_o nature_n liberal_o afford_v they_o 7.29_o see_v ecclus_n 40.17_o and_o of_o the_o four_o river_n ecclus_n 24.55_o the_o tree_n of_o knowledge_n of_o good_a and_o evil_a what_o it_o signify_v eccl._n 7.29_o without_o cultivation_n but_o in_o this_o innocent_a simplicity_n they_o continue_v not_o long_o but_o wander_v in_o devious_a path_n and_o make_v every_o day_n new_a experiment_n they_o become_v by_o degree_n acquaint_v with_o sin_n which_o stand_v embleme_v out_o in_o scripture_n by_o the_o tree_n of_o knowledge_n of_o good_a and_o evil_a that_o be_v of_o those_o thing_n which_o they_o have_v power_n to_o use_v well_o or_o ill_o which_o philo_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o intermediate_n prudence_n or_o a_o prudence_n which_o be_v conversant_a about_o thing_n in_o themselves_o indifferent_a whereunto_o solomon_n have_v respect_n when_o he_o tell_v we_o that_o god_n make_v man_n upright_o that_o be_v simple_z but_o he_o have_v find_v out_o many_o invention_n which_o philo_n expound_v many_o subtle_a device_n which_o as_o dion_n prusaeensis_n observe_v be_v no_o whit_n to_o those_o that_o succeed_v to_o our_o first_o parent_n advantageous_a as_o to_o life_n for_o they_o make_v use_v of_o their_o sagacity_n not_o so_o much_o to_o fortify_v themselves_o with_o justice_n and_o temperance_n as_o to_o corrupt_v themselves_o by_o voluptuousness_n those_o most_o ancient_a art_n as_o the_o tilling_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o the_o depasture_v of_o cattle_n be_v first_o exercise_v by_o the_o first_o brethren_n not_o without_o some_o kind_n of_o distribution_n of_o the_o fruit_n this_o diversity_n of_o art_n beget_v a_o kind_n of_o emulation_n and_o this_o end_v in_o murder_n and_o afterward_o when_o by_o conversation_n the_o bad_a infect_v the_o good_a there_o grow_v up_o a_o race_n of_o man_n who_o for_o their_o violence_n and_o oppression_n giant_n the_o age_n of_o the_o giant_n be_v call_v giant_n which_o the_o greek_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d because_o they_o observe_v no_o other_o rule_n of_o justice_n but_o their_o own_o strength_n and_o therefore_o think_v all_o to_o be_v their_o own_o which_o they_o can_v conquer_v but_o the_o world_n be_v cleanse_v from_o blood_n and_o rapine_n by_o the_o deluge_n lust_n inflame_v with_o wine_n succeed_v to_o cruelty_n and_o bring_v forth_o incest_n and_o such_o like_a unnatural_a coition_n but_o that_o which_o especial_o blow_v the_o coal_n of_o discord_n among_o prince_n and_o nation_n be_v that_o heroic_a sin_n of_o ambition_n 13._o ambition_n gen._n 13._o who_o emblem_n be_v the_o tower_n of_o babylon_n whence_o the_o division_n of_o tongue_n cause_v their_o dispersion_n into_o several_a country_n some_o possess_v one_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o some_o another_o but_o yet_o still_o among_o neighbour_n there_o remain_v a_o communion_n not_o of_o cattle_n but_o of_o pasturage_n for_o so_o large_a a_o proportion_n of_o ground_n be_v but_o thin_o people_v may_v without_o any_o inconvenience_n sufficient_o supply_v all_o their_o necessity_n to_o mark_v their_o own_o 1._o virg._n georg._n 1._o and_o trench_v out_o other_o land_n be_v not_o yet_o lawful_a until_o at_o length_n the_o number_n both_o of_o man_n and_o cattle_n increase_n the_o land_n also_o become_v subdivide_v not_o into_o nation_n and_o province_n as_o before_o but_o into_o single_a family_n 21._o gen._n 13._o gen._n 21._o and_o whereas_o in_o dry_a and_o sandy_a region_n spring_n though_o very_o necessary_a yet_o be_v not_o able_a to_o supply_v a_o multitude_n therefore_o do_v every_o man_n strive_v by_o take_v the_o first_o possession_n of_o they_o to_o make_v they_o his_o own_o all_o these_o thing_n we_o may_v trace_v out_o of_o the_o sacred_a story_n whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v the_o concurrent_a testimony_n both_o of_o philosopher_n and_o poet_n who_o have_v treat_v of_o the_o first_o state_n of_o thing_n hold_v in_o common_a and_o of_o the_o subsequent_a distribution_n of_o they_o but_o that_o i_o have_v do_v it_o elsewhere_o 15._o mari_n liberoâ—_n c._n 15._o from_o hence_o we_o learn_v the_o true_a cause_n why_o man_n depart_v from_o that_o primitive_a community_n of_o thing_n first_o of_o movable_n and_o afterward_o of_o immovables_n namely_o because_o repine_v to_o be_v at_o nature_n bare_a allowance_n that_o be_v to_o feed_v on_o root_n and_o herb_n to_o make_v their_o habitation_n in_o cave_n to_o go_v naked_a or_o clad_v with_o bark_n of_o tree_n or_o skin_n of_o beast_n as_o the_o scritefinni_n describe_v by_o procopius_n do_v they_o make_v choice_n of_o a_o more_o delicate_a kind_n of_o live_v which_o will_v roquire_v industry_n 2._o got._n 2._o which_o every_o particular_a man_n be_v in_o every_o thing_n to_o use_v for_o himself_o now_o that_o the_o fruit_n of_o the_o earth_n can_v not_o be_v convenient_o lay_v up_o or_o dispose_v of_o in_o common_a will_v easy_o be_v grant_v first_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o vast_a distance_n of_o the_o place_n inhabit_v the_o one_o from_o the_o other_o and_o second_o because_o of_o the_o great_a defect_n of_o love_n and_o charity_n among_o man_n by_o reason_n whereof_o no_o due_a equality_n can_v be_v observe_v either_o of_o labour_n in_o their_o acquisition_n or_o of_o temperance_n in_o their_o consumption_n and_o from_o hence_o we_o may_v further_o learn_v for_o what_o cause_n thing_n be_v reduce_v into_o propriety_n not_o by_o the_o sole_a act_n of_o the_o mind_n for_o no_o one_o man_n can_v possible_o know_v what_o another_o will_v have_v to_o be_v his_o own_o thalassocratico_fw-la see_v as_o to_o this_o matter_n what_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n selden_n have_v traduce_v unto_o we_o out_o of_o the_o gemara_n and_o the_o alâ—oran_n in_o his_o thalassocratico_fw-la that_o he_o may_v forbear_v it_o beside_o possible_a it_o be_v that_o diverse_a man_n may_v be_v competitor_n for_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n but_o thing_n become_v proper_a by_o compact_n or_o agreement_n and_o that_o either_o express_v or_o by_o partition_n or_o tacit_a as_o by_o present_a occupancy_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o experience_n have_v teach_v they_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o hold_v thing_n in_o common_a and_o yet_o before_o division_n be_v first_o institute_v it_o be_v very_o probable_a that_o they_o unanimous_o agree_v that_o what_o every_o man_n possess_v at_o that_o time_n shall_v be_v his_o own_o thus_o cicero_n to_o the_o end_n that_o of_o what_o nature_n have_v make_v common_a each_o man_n may_v call_v something_o his_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o look_v what_o every_o man_n have_v in_o possession_n he_o may_v hold_v as_o his_o own_o and_o in_o another_o place_n 3._o place_n de_fw-fr sinib_fw-la l._n 3._o it_o be_v general_o grant_v say_v he_o neither_o do_v nature_n herself_o envy_v it_o that_o as_o to_o thing_n appertain_v to_o life_n 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and_o restore_v they_o the_o case_n be_v otherwise_o to_o be_v judge_v so_o he_o that_o know_v his_o own_o thing_n to_o be_v by_o another_o man_n detain_v and_o make_v no_o claim_n unto_o they_o in_o a_o long_a time_n unless_o some_o cause_n do_v manifest_o appear_v seem_v to_o do_v it_o to_o no_o other_o purpose_n but_o to_o show_v that_o he_o be_v willing_a to_o renounce_v they_o and_o this_o be_v it_o that_o ulpian_n elsewhere_o intend_v where_o he_o say_v that_o a_o house_n possess_v for_o a_o long_a time_n by_o another_o and_o no_o claim_n make_v nor_o rend_v demand_v for_o it_o forgive_v int._n money_n long_o forbear_v presume_v to_o be_v forgive_v seem_v to_o be_v desert_v by_o the_o right_a owner_n to_o exact_v interest_n long_o since_o due_a say_v that_o good_a emperor_n antoninus_n be_v hardly_o just_a for_o the_o not_o demand_v it_o in_o so_o long_a a_o space_n make_v it_o probable_a that_o thou_o be_v willing_a to_o remit_v it_o and_o that_o by_o not_o so_o much_o as_o demand_v it_o thy_o purpose_n be_v to_o make_v thyself_o the_o more_o belove_a and_o honour_v and_o thy_o debtor_n the_o more_o thankful_a something_o like_a unto_o this_o will_v appear_v in_o custom_n for_o even_o this_o set_n aside_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o be_v willing_a to_o admit_v it_o though_o limit_v to_o a_o certain_a time_n and_o after_o a_o certain_a manner_n may_v be_v introduce_v by_o a_o people_n that_o be_v subject_n be_v long_o tolerate_v by_o he_o who_o have_v the_o supreme_a power_n but_o how_o long_a time_n be_v require_v to_o entitle_v it_o to_o the_o effect_n of_o a_o just_a right_n 11._o that_o silence_n shall_v argue_v a_o consent_n two_o thing_n necessary_a vide_fw-la infra_fw-la bo._n 2._o c._n 22._o §._o 11._o be_v not_o determine_v but_o leave_v arbitrary_a yet_o so_o much_o be_v require_v as_o be_v sufficient_a to_o signify_v a_o consent_n now_o that_o silence_n shall_v be_v of_o so_o great_a force_n as_o to_o justify_v our_o presumption_n of_o a_o 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that_o it_o be_v forsake_v unless_o some_o very_a strong_a reason_n be_v bring_v to_o the_o contrary_n and_o here_o it_o be_v very_o well_o observe_v by_o our_o most_o prudent_a lawyer_n that_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n be_v not_o altogether_o the_o same_o with_o a_o century_n of_o year_n 1600._o time_n out_o of_o mind_n not_o the_o same_o with_o a_o century_n of_o year_n though_o not_o much_o different_a from_o it_o cambd._n eliz._n a_o 1600._o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o there_o be_v not_o much_o difference_n between_o they_o for_o one_o hundred_o year_n be_v common_o repute_v the_o term_n of_o a_o man_n life_n which_o do_v well_o nigh_o make_v up_o three_o age_n or_o generation_n which_o the_o roman_n seem_v to_o object_n against_o antiochus_n
own_o safety_n by_o flight_n be_v the_o most_o probable_a opinion_n notwithstanding_o the_o charge_n give_v by_o the_o apostle_n 16_o gal._n 6.5_o tit._n 2.9_o â—_o pet._n â—_o 16_o and_o by_o the_o ancient_a canon_n forbid_v servant_n to_o flee_v from_o their_o own_o master_n because_o those_o precept_n be_v general_a and_o oppose_v only_o to_o that_o error_n which_o be_v then_o grow_v namely_o that_o deny_v all_o manner_n of_o subjection_n whether_o public_a or_o private_a as_o be_v inconsistent_a with_o christian_a liberty_n xxx_o there_o be_v divers_a kind_n of_o servitude_n beside_o that_o slavery_n which_o be_v perfect_a there_o be_v other_o imperfect_a as_o those_o that_o be_v limit_v to_o a_o certain_a time_n or_o to_o certain_a thing_n or_o upon_o condition_n of_o such_o there_o be_v divers_a among_o the_o roman_n as_o that_o of_o their_o liberti_fw-la nexi_fw-la addicti_fw-la asscripti_fw-la glebae_fw-la statu_fw-la liberi_fw-la as_o also_o among_o the_o jew_n there_o be_v those_o that_o serve_v seven_o year_n and_o that_o bind_v themselves_o until_o the_o next_o jubilee_n and_o then_o be_v free_a and_o such_o be_v the_o penestae_n among_o the_o thessalonian_o and_o all_o mercenary_n among_o who_o be_v to_o be_v reckon_v our_o apprentice_n here_o in_o england_n who_o for_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o year_n be_v under_o so_o hard_a a_o discipline_n as_o do_v but_o little_o distinguish_v they_o from_o those_o of_o a_o servile_a condition_n and_o such_o like_a all_o which_o difference_n do_v depend_v either_o upon_o some_o law_n or_o upon_o some_o contract_n his_o servitude_n also_o seem_v to_o be_v natural_o imperfect_a who_o be_v bear_v of_o parent_n whereof_o one_o of_o they_o be_v bond_n and_o the_o other_o free_a for_o the_o cause_n aforesaid_a xxxi_o public_a subjection_n by_o consent_n public_a subjection_n be_v when_o any_o one_o nation_n or_o people_n do_v give_v themselves_o up_o to_o the_o power_n and_o command_v of_o another_o either_o of_o 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have_v already_o elsewhere_o discourse_v 3._o lib._n 1._o c._n 3._o xxxii_o what_o right_o be_v gain_v over_o person_n by_o way_n of_o punishment_n there_o be_v likewise_o a_o involuntary_a subjection_n when_o by_o reason_n of_o some_o delinquency_n we_o forfeit_v our_o liberty_n and_o be_v forcible_o reduce_v into_o servitude_n by_o such_o as_o have_v a_o right_a to_o punish_v we_o and_o who_o those_o be_v we_o shall_v show_v hereafter_o and_o thus_o may_v not_o only_o private_a man_n be_v bring_v into_o slavery_n as_o at_o rome_n qui_fw-la ad_fw-la dilectum_fw-la non_fw-la respondebat_fw-la he_o that_o refuse_v to_o perform_v a_o office_n be_v thereunto_o choose_v and_o they_o that_o be_v not_o enroll_v or_o register_v in_o the_o number_n of_o citizen_n and_o afterward_o woman_n who_o though_o otherwise_o ingenuous_a yet_o if_o they_o marry_v another_o man_n servant_n lose_v their_o own_o freedom_n but_o the_o public_a thing_n of_o a_o nation_n may_v be_v thus_o subject_v for_o some_o public_a injury_n do_v but_o with_o this_o difference_n that_o if_o the_o state_n be_v bring_v into_o captivity_n it_o be_v perpetual_a for_o as_o in_o the_o laurel_n though_o the_o leaf_n die_v yet_o be_v the_o tree_n always_o green_a so_o though_o every_o person_n in_o that_o nation_n be_v mortal_a yet_o do_v succession_n make_v the_o people_n immortal_a but_o in_o personal_a bondage_n noxa_fw-la sequitur_fw-la caput_fw-la the_o punishment_n never_o exceed_v the_o person_n offend_v but_o both_o these_o servitude_n as_o well_o private_a as_o public_a be_v penal_a may_v be_v either_o perfect_a or_o imperfect_a according_a to_o the_o offence_n and_o punishment_n thereunto_o due_a now_o of_o that_o servitude_n whether_o private_a oâ—_n public_a that_o arise_v from_o the_o voluntary_a law_n of_o nation_n we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o treat_v when_o we_o come_v to_o the_o direful_a effect_n of_o war._n chap._n vi_o of_o that_o right_n which_o be_v derivative_o acquire_v by_o the_o voluntary_a fact_n of_o a_o man_n wherein_o be_v handle_v the_o right_n of_o alienation_n of_o empire_n and_o thing_n thereunto_o belong_v i._o to_o make_v a_o alienation_n valid_a what_o be_v require_v from_o the_o giver_n ii_o what_o be_v require_v from_o the_o receiver_n iii_o that_o empire_n may_v be_v alienate_v sometime_o by_o the_o king_n sometime_o by_o the_o people_n iv_o that_o the_o government_n over_o one_o part_n of_o a_o nation_n can_v be_v alienate_v by_o the_o people_n if_o that_o part_n dissent_n or_o be_v unwilling_a v._o neither_o can_v one_o part_n alienate_v the_o government_n over_o themselves_o unless_o in_o case_n of_o unavoidable_a necessity_n vi_o the_o cause_n or_o reason_n of_o this_o vii_o that_o the_o empire_n over_o some_o place_n may_v be_v alienate_v viii_o that_o no_o part_n of_o a_o empire_n may_v be_v alienate_v by_o the_o king_n either_o for_o profit_n or_o necessity_n ix_o under_o this_o title_n of_o alienation_n all_o feoffment_n and_o mortgage_n be_v comprehend_v x._o so_o under_o empire_n be_v all_o lesser_a jurisdiction_n which_o can_v be_v alienate_v but_o by_o the_o special_a consent_n of_o the_o people_n or_o by_o custom_n xi_o no_o more_o can_v the_o people_n patrimony_n be_v alienate_v by_o the_o king_n xii_o that_o the_o fruit_n and_o mean_a profit_n of_o the_o patrimony_n must_v be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o patrimony_n itself_o xiii_o some_o part_n of_o the_o people_n patrimony_n may_v be_v engage_v by_o the_o king_n for_o debt_n how_o far_o and_o why_o fourteen_o that_o a_o man_n testament_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o alienation_n and_o be_v warrant_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n i._o what_o be_v requisite_a to_o a_o perfect_a alienation_n hitherto_o we_o have_v speak_v of_o original_a right_n now_o we_o be_v to_o treat_v of_o that_o right_n which_o we_o derive_v from_o another_o and_o this_o may_v be_v do_v either_o by_o the_o fact_n of_o the_o person_n that_o give_v it_o or_o by_o some_o law_n that_o warrant_v it_o for_o that_o the_o right_a owner_n of_o thing_n shall_v have_v power_n to_o assign_v their_o interest_n either_o whole_o or_o in_o part_n unto_o other_o propriety_n be_v once_o introduce_v be_v most_o agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o therefore_o aristotle_n place_v it_o in_o the_o very_a definition_n of_o dominion_n as_o if_o that_o only_o be_v true_o and_o simple_o we_o 5._o 1_o rhet._n 5._o which_o we_o have_v a_o right_a to_o alienate_v wherein_o two_o thing_n only_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v one_o in_o the_o donor_n the_o other_o in_o the_o donee_n first_o in_o the_o donor_n the_o internal_a act_n of_o the_o will_v only_o be_v not_o sufficient_a unless_o it_o be_v declare_v by_o some_o overt_a act_n as_o by_o word_n or_o some_o other_o external_a sign_n for_o of_o the_o inward_a act_n of_o the_o mind_n we_o be_v no_o competent_a judge_n neither_o be_v it_o congruous_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o humane_a society_n but_o that_o there_o shall_v be_v also_o a_o public_a delivery_n of_o the_o thing_n transfer_v be_v require_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n which_o be_v now_o receive_v by_o most_o nation_n be_v though_o improper_o say_v to_o be_v require_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n so_o in_o some_o place_n it_o be_v require_v that_o every_o alienation_n shall_v be_v publish_v either_o before_o the_o people_n or_o before_o the_o magistrate_n and_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v also_o record_v all_o which_o do_v certain_o proceed_v from_o the_o civil_a law_n but_o because_o every_o alienation_n of_o a_o man_n right_n ought_v to_o be_v do_v with_o sound_a judgement_n therefore_o the_o act_n of_o the_o will_n that_o be_v express_v by_o some_o overt_a sign_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v the_o act_n of_o a_o mind_n endue_v with_o reason_n ii_o what_o in_o the_o receiver_n so_o likewise_o in_o the_o receiver_n set_v aside_o the_o civil_a law_n it_o be_v natural_o requisite_a that_o he_o shall_v express_v
his_o willingness_n to_o accept_v of_o it_o by_o some_o outward_a sign_n which_o though_o it_o be_v usual_o subsequent_a to_o the_o tender_a of_o the_o giver_n yet_o may_v it_o also_o precede_v it_o as_o when_o a_o man_n require_v that_o such_o a_o thing_n shall_v be_v give_v he_o in_o this_o case_n it_o be_v presume_v that_o he_o be_v willing_a to_o receive_v it_o unless_o it_o do_v appear_v that_o he_o have_v alter_v his_o mind_n as_o to_o other_o thing_n requisite_a as_o well_o to_o the_o transfer_v as_o to_o the_o acception_n of_o a_o right_n in_o thing_n and_o how_o both_o may_v be_v safe_o do_v we_o shall_v show_v more_o full_o when_o we_o treat_v of_o promise_n for_o concern_v both_o these_o nature_n have_v prescribe_v the_o same_o rule_n iii_o empire_n whether_o alienable_a as_o other_o thing_n so_o be_v empire_n alienable_a by_o he_o in_o who_o dominion_n they_o true_o be_v that_o be_v as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o by_o a_o king_n who_o kingdom_n be_v patrimonial_a but_o otherwise_o by_o the_o people_n yet_o not_o without_o the_o kngs_n consent_n because_o he_o have_v a_o kind_n of_o right_n in_o it_o though_o but_o to_o the_o present_a revenue_n which_o can_v without_o his_o own_o act_n be_v take_v from_o he_o thus_o it_o stand_v with_o a_o whole_a sovereign_a empire_n iv_o that_o the_o whole_a can_v alienate_v the_o part_n that_o consent_v not_o to_o the_o alienation_n but_o as_o to_o the_o alienation_n of_o any_o one_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a it_o be_v further_a requisite_a that_o that_o part_n that_o be_v to_o be_v alienate_v consent_v thereunto_o for_o they_o that_o first_o enter_v into_o that_o society_n do_v as_o may_v be_v presume_v contract_v a_o firm_a and_o immortal_a league_n among_o themselves_o for_o the_o defence_n of_o all_o those_o part_n which_o be_v call_v integrants_n whence_o it_o follow_v that_o these_o part_n be_v not_o so_o under_o their_o own_o body_n as_o the_o member_n of_o a_o natural_a body_n which_o can_v live_v without_o the_o life_n of_o the_o body_n and_o be_v therefore_o for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o body_n sometime_o just_o cut_v off_o but_o this_o body_n whereof_o we_o now_o speak_v be_v constitute_v after_o another_o manner_n namely_o by_o mutual_a consent_n and_o agreement_n and_o therefore_o its_o power_n over_o its_o part_n depend_v whole_o upon_o the_o will_n and_o intention_n of_o they_o who_o first_o institute_v that_o society_n who_o without_o doubt_n will_v never_o have_v grant_v such_o a_o power_n to_o the_o whole_a as_o to_o abscind_v from_o itself_o any_o of_o its_o part_n and_o to_o give_v they_o up_o into_o the_o power_n of_o another_o v._n nor_o any_o part_n over_o themselves_o but_o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n neither_o be_v it_o on_o the_o other_o side_n in_o the_o power_n of_o any_o part_n to_o recede_v from_o the_o whole_a unless_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o it_o can_v otherwise_o subsist_v for_o as_o we_o have_v say_v already_o in_o omnibus_fw-la quae_fw-la sunt_fw-la humani_fw-la instituti_fw-la excepta_fw-la videtur_fw-la necessitas_fw-la summa_fw-la quae_fw-la rem_fw-la reducit_fw-la ad_fw-la merum_fw-la jus_o naturae_fw-la all_o humane_a constitution_n give_v place_n to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n in_o casâ—s_n of_o unavoidable_a necessity_n almost_o all_o nation_n say_v st._n augustin_n be_v teach_v by_o the_o very_a voice_n of_o nature_n to_o submit_v to_o the_o will_n of_o the_o conqueror_n rather_o than_o to_o hazard_v a_o utter_a devastation_n and_o therefore_o as_o herodotus_n note_n in_o that_o oath_n wherewith_o the_o grecian_n bound_v themselves_o to_o be_v faithful_a to_o the_o persian_n as_o to_o the_o conqueror_n this_o salvo_n be_v add_v 6._o vide_fw-la infra_fw-la c._n 24._o §._o 6._o nisi_fw-la planè_fw-la coacti_fw-la unless_o they_o be_v manifest_o force_v to_o the_o contrary_n thus_o we_o read_v that_o anaxilaus_n be_v deserve_o acquit_v by_o the_o spartan_n for_o deliver_v up_o the_o city_n byzantium_n be_v distress_v more_o by_o famine_n within_o than_o by_o the_o sword_n without_o and_o xenophon_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o emperor_n anastasius_n return_v thanks_o to_o his_o commander_n for_o their_o timely_a surrender_n of_o the_o city_n martyropolis_n thereby_o prevent_v the_o unnecessary_a effusion_n of_o blood_n since_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o be_v defend_v cum_fw-la fame_n habitare_fw-la virtus_fw-la recusat_fw-la valour_n will_v not_o cohabit_v with_o famine_n say_v procopius_n neither_o can_v we_o expect_v that_o nature_n shall_v act_v vigorous_o 4._o goth._n l._n 4._o when_o she_o want_v nourishment_n so_o cephalas_n in_o his_o epistle_n to_o the_o emperor_n alexius_n be_v strait_o besiege_v in_o larissa_n yield_v to_o necessity_n we_o must_v deliver_v up_o the_o town_n to_o those_o who_o not_o only_o besiege_v we_o 6._o an._n come_v lib._n 6._o but_o maninifest_o starve_v we_o for_o what_o can_v valour_n do_v against_o the_o force_n of_o nature_n vi_o the_o cause_n of_o this_o different_a power_n now_o the_o reason_n why_o in_o case_n of_o absolute_a necessity_n every_o part_n of_o the_o society_n have_v more_o right_a to_o defend_v itself_o than_o the_o body_n of_o that_o society_n can_v have_v over_o its_o part_n be_v because_o that_o part_n that_o be_v so_o necessitate_v may_v use_v that_o right_n which_o nature_n give_v it_o before_o that_o society_n be_v institute_v which_o the_o whole_a society_n can_v neither_o let_v any_o man_n say_v that_o the_o right_n of_o empire_n be_v in_o the_o whole_a society_n as_o in_o its_o subject_n and_o therefore_o may_v be_v alienate_v by_o it_o as_o thing_n hold_v in_o propriety_n may_v for_o the_o government_n be_v indeed_o in_o the_o whole_a body_n as_o in_o its_o adequate_a subject_n but_o not_o divisible_o in_o many_o body_n as_o the_o soul_n be_v in_o perfect_a body_n but_o that_o necessity_n that_o enforce_v we_o to_o flee_v back_o to_o the_o original_a right_n of_o nature_n for_o defence_n can_v here_o have_v place_n for_o under_o that_o right_o the_o free_a use_n of_o nature_n be_v comprehend_v as_o eat_v and_o detain_v what_o be_v we_o which_o be_v natural_a but_o so_o be_v not_o the_o right_n of_o alienation_n which_o receive_v its_o authority_n from_o humane_a institution_n be_v from_o it_o to_o receive_v its_o bound_n vii_o that_o the_o empire_n over_o some_o place_n may_v be_v alienate_v but_o as_o to_o the_o empire_n over_o such_o a_o place_n be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o territory_n that_o lie_v uninhabited_a and_o desert_a i_o can_v discern_v any_o reason_n at_o all_o why_o it_o may_v not_o be_v alienate_v either_o by_o a_o free_a people_n or_o by_o a_o king_n with_o his_o people_n consent_n for_o as_o every_o part_n of_o the_o people_n have_v equal_o freedom_n of_o will_n so_o have_v they_o equal_o a_o right_a to_o gainsay_v whatsoever_o any_o other_o will_v have_v but_o the_o territory_n itself_o whether_o whole_o or_o in_o its_o part_n consider_v be_v the_o people_n common_a undivided_a and_o therefore_o whole_o at_o their_o dispose_n but_o as_o to_o the_o sovereignty_n over_o any_o part_n of_o the_o people_n if_o as_o i_o have_v say_v it_o can_v be_v alienate_v by_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o people_n much_o less_o can_v it_o be_v do_v by_o a_o king_n who_o though_o he_o have_v the_o full_a power_n yet_o he_o have_v it_o not_o full_o viii_o no_o part_n alienable_a either_o for_o profit_n or_o necessity_n by_o a_o king_n alone_o and_o here_o i_o must_v crave_v leave_n to_o dissent_v from_o those_o civilian_n who_o hold_v that_o no_o part_n of_o a_o empire_n can_v be_v alienate_v by_o a_o king_n unless_o it_o be_v for_o public_a profit_n or_o out_o of_o necessity_n unless_o they_o understand_v it_o in_o this_o sense_n that_o where_o the_o profit_n do_v equal_o accrue_v both_o to_o the_o whole_a nation_n and_o to_o that_o part_n which_o be_v to_o be_v alienate_v the_o consent_n of_o both_o may_v easy_o be_v collect_v from_o their_o silence_n though_o of_o no_o long_a time_n which_o may_v much_o more_o easy_o be_v presume_v if_o there_o appear_v likewise_o a_o necessity_n for_o it_o but_o if_o either_o part_n do_v manifest_o declare_v against_o it_o there_o can_v be_v no_o right_a to_o alienate_v unless_o the_o part_n be_v evident_o enforce_v either_o to_o separate_v from_o the_o whole_a or_o suffer_v themselves_o inevitable_o to_o be_v destroy_v ix_o infeudation_n and_o mortgage_n of_o the_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n unlawful_a under_o alienation_n be_v deserve_o comprise_v even_o infeudation_n under_o penalty_n of_o confiscation_n for_o breach_n of_o faith_n give_v to_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o feoff_n or_o when_o the_o family_n be_v extinct_a 12._o extinct_a sub_fw-la onere_fw-la commâ—ssaeâ—_n feloâ—ia_fw-la aut_fw-la deficiente_fw-la familia_fw-la vide_fw-la l._n 1._o c._n 4._o §._o 12._o for_o even_o this_o be_v a_o conditional_a alienation_n wherefore_o we_o often_o see_v
kingdom_n of_o epirus_n by_o the_o judgement_n of_o his_o father_n pyrrhus_n have_v no_o lawful_a issue_n 1._o paus_n l._n 1._o the_o tartar_n make_v no_o difference_n between_o bastard_n and_o they_o that_o be_v legitimate_a so_o herodotus_n of_o the_o persian_n mos_fw-la est_fw-la illis_fw-la ut_fw-la nothus_fw-la regnet_fw-la dum_fw-la legitimus_fw-la aliquis_fw-la reperitur_fw-la who_o admit_v of_o bastard_n till_o one_o that_o be_v legitimate_a may_v be_v find_v and_o we_o read_v in_o justine_n of_o a_o treaty_n between_o king_n atheas_n and_o philip_n concern_v the_o adopt_v of_o philip_n to_o succeed_v he_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o scythia_n jugurtha_n though_o a_o bastard_n jugurth_n sallust_n bell_n jugurth_n yet_o succeed_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o numidia_n by_o adoption_n the_o like_a we_o read_v of_o those_o kingdom_n which_o the_o goth_n and_o lombard_n conquer_v that_o the_o succession_n often_o pass_v by_o adoption_n nay_o longob_n paul_n diac._n l._n 6._o the_o gest_n longob_n the_o succession_n to_o the_o kingdom_n shall_v pass_v to_o the_o near_a of_o kin_n to_o he_o that_o last_o possess_v it_o though_o he_o be_v nothing_o of_o kin_n to_o the_o first_o king_n if_o any_o such_o succession_n be_v in_o force_n in_o those_o place_n thus_o do_v mithridates_n in_o justine_n plead_v that_o paphlagonia_n become_v his_o father_n inheritance_n by_o the_o death_n of_o all_o its_o domestic_a king_n xiii_o in_o kingdom_n that_o be_v indivisible_a the_o elder_a succeed_v but_o in_o case_n express_v caution_n be_v give_v that_o the_o kingdom_n shall_v not_o be_v divide_v and_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o express_v who_o shall_v succeed_v than_o the_o elder_a whether_o son_n or_o daughter_n shall_v enjoy_v the_o kingdom_n so_o say_v nicetas_n coniates_n nature_n indeed_o observe_v she_o own_o order_n give_v the_o great_a honour_n to_o the_o first-born_a but_o god_n have_v a_o prerogative_n above_o nature_n and_o act_v not_o always_o by_o her_o order_n and_o speak_v of_o isaacius_n he_o say_v that_o by_o his_o birthright_n the_o succession_n to_o the_o kingdom_n be_v he_o the_o like_a be_v say_v of_o hircanus_n in_o josephus_n in_o the_o talmud_n under_o the_o title_n of_o king_n we_o read_v that_o he_o that_o have_v the_o best_a title_n to_o a_o estate_n of_o inheritance_n have_v also_o the_o best_a title_n to_o the_o possession_n of_o a_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o the_o elder_a son_n be_v always_o prefer_v before_o the_o young_a herodotus_n make_v it_o the_o custom_n of_o all_o nation_n for_o the_o elder_a son_n to_o succeed_v in_o his_o father_n throne_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o term_v it_o the_o law_n of_o kingdom_n livy_n make_v mention_n of_o two_o brethren_n allobrogi_n contend_v for_o a_o kingdom_n whereof_o the_o young_a have_v the_o worst_a title_n but_o the_o great_a power_n of_o all_o darius_n his_o son_n artabazanes_n be_v the_o first-born_a claim_v the_o kingdom_n as_o his_o birthright_n quod_fw-la jus_fw-la &_o ordo_fw-la nascendi_fw-la &_o natura_fw-la ipsa_fw-la gentibus_fw-la dedit_fw-la which_o right_o say_v justine_n both_o the_o order_n of_o birth_n 2._o lib._n 2._o and_o nature_n itself_o have_v give_v to_o nation_n which_o in_o another_o place_n he_o call_v the_o law_n of_o nation_n 40._o lib._n 40._o as_o livy_n also_o say_v it_o be_v a_o privilege_n due_a by_o the_o order_n both_o of_o age_n and_o nature_n yet_o must_v this_o be_v understand_v with_o this_o restriction_n unless_o the_o father_n by_o his_o testament_n do_v otherwise_o dispose_v of_o the_o succession_n as_o ptolemy_n in_o justin_n do_v his_o kingdom_n to_o his_o young_a son_n but_o yet_o he_o that_o shall_v thus_o succeed_v be_v bind_v to_o gratify_v his_o brethren_n for_o their_o share_n with_o all_o respect_n and_o honour_n if_o and_o as_o far_o forth_o as_o he_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o do_v it_o fourteen_o a_o kingdom_n by_o the_o people_n consent_n hereditary_a if_o in_o doubt_n be_v presume_v to_o be_v indivisible_a but_o those_o kingdom_n that_o by_o the_o people_n free_a consent_n be_v make_v hereditary_a may_v by_o guess_v at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o people_n be_v transfer_v now_o because_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v presume_v that_o the_o people_n will_v give_v their_o consent_n to_o that_o which_o be_v most_o expedient_a therefore_o in_o the_o first_o place_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o unless_o some_o law_n or_o custom_n do_v otherwise_o determine_v as_o in_o many_o it_o have_v and_o may_v do_v the_o kingdom_n shall_v stand_v entire_a and_o undivided_a because_o while_o so_o it_o will_v be_v the_o better_a able_a both_o to_o defend_v itself_o and_o to_o conserve_v the_o people_n in_o peace_n and_o unity_n divide_v lib._n 21._o a_o kingdom_n unite_a be_v strong_a than_o when_o divide_v of_o this_o opinion_n be_v justin_n firmius_n futurum_fw-la esse_fw-la regnum_fw-la si_fw-la penes_fw-la unum_fw-la remansisset_fw-la quam_fw-la si_fw-la portionibus_fw-la inter_fw-la filios_fw-la divideretur_fw-la arbitrabantur_fw-la they_o judge_v that_o the_o empire_n will_v be_v more_o firm_a be_v entire_o possess_v by_o one_o than_o it_o can_v possible_o be_v if_o divide_v among_o many_o son_n xv._o the_o succession_n not_o to_o last_v beyond_o the_o line_n of_o the_o first_o king_n again_o it_o be_v grant_v that_o the_o people_n consent_n be_v easy_o gain_v to_o what_o shall_v be_v most_o expedient_a it_o will_v in_o the_o next_o place_n follow_v that_o the_o succession_n shall_v descend_v from_o the_o first_o king_n in_o a_o right_a line_n because_o that_o family_n be_v then_o electeed_o as_o be_v think_v the_o most_o noble_a which_o family_n be_v extinct_a the_o kingdom_n do_v return_v back_o to_o the_o people_n thus_o curtius_n advise_v 8._o advise_v lib._n 8._o that_o the_o sovereign_a power_n be_v strong_o fix_v to_o one_o royal_a family_n which_o ought_v to_o claim_v by_o a_o hereditary_a right_n for_o the_o people_n be_v so_o accustom_v will_v not_o only_o reverence_v his_o person_n but_o will_v have_v the_o very_a name_n of_o their_o king_n in_o great_a esteem_n and_o therefore_o no_o man_n ought_v to_o usurp_v that_o dignity_n but_o he_o that_o be_v bear_v unto_o it_o xvi_o natural_a issue_n not_o concern_v in_o it_o three_o it_o will_v thence_o likewise_o follow_v that_o none_o shall_v be_v admit_v to_o succeed_v in_o the_o royal_a throne_n but_o he_o that_o be_v bear_v legitimate_a not_o the_o natural_a son_n because_o they_o be_v subject_a to_o be_v reproach_v to_o who_o mother_n the_o father_n do_v never_o vouchsafe_v the_o honour_n of_o marriage_n and_o therefore_o of_o such_o there_o can_v be_v no_o certainty_n who_o be_v the_o father_n but_o in_o the_o succession_n to_o crown_n the_o people_n ought_v to_o have_v the_o great_a assurance_n that_o in_o such_o a_o case_n can_v be_v give_v to_o avoid_v controversy_n for_o which_o cause_n it_o be_v that_o the_o macedonian_n prefer_v demetrius_n the_o young_a son_n to_o the_o throne_n rather_o than_o perseus_n the_o elder_a because_o he_o be_v bear_v in_o lawful_a wedlock_n not_o son_n by_o adoption_n because_o the_o people_n be_v apt_a to_o conceive_v great_a hope_n and_o to_o have_v their_o king_n in_o great_a esteem_n and_o veneration_n when_o they_o know_v they_o to_o be_v descend_v from_o a_o royal_a stock_n est_fw-la in_o juvencis_fw-la est_fw-la in_o equis_fw-la patrum_fw-la virtus_fw-la in_o horse_n and_o ox_n we_o may_v descry_v the_o syre_n generosity_n xvii_o males_n prefer_v before_o female_n in_o the_o same_o degree_n four_o that_o of_o those_o that_o have_v equal_a title_n to_o the_o inheritance_n either_o as_o be_v in_o the_o same_o degree_n or_o as_o succeed_v to_o their_o parent_n who_o be_v in_o the_o same_o degree_n the_o male_a issue_n be_v prefer_v before_o the_o female_a because_o man_n be_v fit_a for_o war_n and_o to_o administer_v other_o regal_a duty_n than_o woman_n can_v be_v xviii_o the_o elder_a before_o the_o young_a five_o that_o of_o son_n or_o of_o daughter_n if_o there_o be_v no_o son_n the_o elder_a be_v prefer_v before_o the_o young_a because_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v believe_v that_o as_o he_o be_v of_o more_o year_n so_o he_o either_o than_o be_v or_o may_v soon_o arrive_v to_o be_v of_o sound_a judgement_n than_o the_o young_a so_o cyrus_n in_o xenophon_n imperium_fw-la relinquo_fw-la majori_fw-la natu_fw-la i_o bequeath_v my_o kingdom_n to_o my_o elder_a son_n as_o be_v of_o most_o experience_n and_o consequent_o best_o know_v how_o to_o govern_v and_o because_o our_o green_a year_n will_v soon_o ripen_v than_o our_o sex_n change_v therefore_o the_o prerogative_n of_o our_o sex_n be_v much_o to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o privilege_n of_o our_o age._n wherefore_o herodotus_n where_o he_o tell_v we_o 7._o lib._n 7._o that_o persis_n the_o son_n of_o andromede_n the_o sister_n of_o cepheus_n do_v succeed_v cepheus_n in_o his_o kingdom_n give_v this_o as_o the_o reason_n because_o
the_o ship_n and_o the_o good_n that_o be_v therein_o transport_v fourteen_o to_o a_o good_a promise_n acceptation_n be_v requisite_a a_o pretend_v demand_n argue_v a_o acceptance_n if_o no_o alteration_n appear_v but_o that_o a_o promise_n shall_v transfer_v a_o right_n in_o the_o thing_n promise_v the_o acceptance_n of_o he_o to_o who_o it_o be_v promise_v be_v no_o less_o requisite_a than_o it_o be_v in_o the_o case_n aforesaid_a of_o alienation_n and_o herein_o tertullian_n in_o his_o book_n of_o fast_n speak_v like_o a_o civilian_n votum_fw-la cum_fw-la à _fw-la deo_fw-la acceptatum_fw-la est_fw-la legem_fw-la in_o posterum_fw-la facit_fw-la a_o vow_n though_o free_o make_v yet_o when_o it_o be_v by_o god_n accept_v be_v as_o bind_v as_o a_o law_n and_o here_o also_o a_o precede_a demand_n of_o a_o thing_n promise_v if_o no_o alteration_n appear_v shall_v be_v judge_v a_o acceptance_n neither_o do_v that_o which_o the_o civil_a law_n have_v introduce_v concern_v such_o promise_n as_o be_v make_v to_o city_n hinder_v this_o which_o notwithstanding_o have_v so_o far_o prevail_v with_o some_o that_o they_o hold_v that_o the_o sole_a act_n of_o the_o promiser_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n sufficient_a to_o transfer_v a_o right_n for_o the_o roman_a law_n say_v not_o that_o the_o promise_n be_v full_o complete_a and_o of_o force_n before_o it_o be_v accept_v but_o that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o revoke_v such_o a_o promise_n but_o that_o it_o may_v be_v always_o accept_v which_o effect_n be_v not_o from_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o mere_o from_o the_o civil_a law_n not_o much_o unlike_a unto_o that_o which_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n have_v introduce_v in_o favour_n to_o infant_n idiot_n and_o madman_n for_o for_o these_o as_o the_o will_n and_o purpose_n of_o possess_v thing_n that_o be_v gain_v by_o occupancy_n so_o the_o will_n and_o purpose_n to_o accept_v of_o thing_n promise_v create_v a_o right_a xv._o whether_o it_o be_v requisite_a that_o the_o acceptation_n shall_v be_v make_v know_v to_o the_o promiser_n it_o be_v also_o sometime_o controvert_v whether_o to_o make_v a_o promise_n full_o effective_a it_o be_v requisite_a that_o the_o thing_n promise_v be_v not_o only_o accept_v but_o that_o the_o acceptance_n be_v also_o make_v know_v to_o the_o promiser_n before_o it_o can_v obtain_v its_o full_a effect_n and_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o either_o way_n the_o promise_v make_v may_v be_v bind_v as_o for_o example_n either_o thus_o this_o will_v i_o do_v if_o it_o shall_v be_v accept_v or_o thus_o this_o i_o will_v do_v if_o i_o shall_v understand_v that_o it_o will_v be_v accept_v and_o if_o the_o promise_n do_v imply_v a_o mutual_a obligation_n on_o both_o side_n than_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v in_o the_o latter_a sense_n but_o if_o the_o promise_v be_v free_a and_o spontaneous_a than_o it_o be_v best_o to_o believe_v that_o it_o be_v mean_v in_o the_o former_a sense_n unless_o it_o shall_v appear_v otherwise_o xvi_o whether_o a_o promise_v make_v may_v be_v revoke_v before_o it_o be_v accept_v again_o hence_o it_o follow_v that_o such_o a_o promise_v make_v before_o acceptance_n for_o till_o than_o no_o right_n pass_v may_v be_v revoke_v without_o the_o imputation_n of_o either_o injustice_n yea_o or_o levity_n if_o it_o be_v real_o so_o intend_v when_o make_v that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v of_o force_n till_o it_o be_v accept_v so_o till_o then_o it_o can_v transfer_v no_o right_n it_o may_v also_o be_v revoke_v in_o case_n the_o person_n shall_v die_v to_o who_o such_o a_o promise_n be_v make_v before_o he_o have_v accept_v of_o it_o because_o the_o acceptance_n be_v refer_v to_o his_o own_o choice_n and_o not_o to_o his_o heir_n for_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o be_v willing_a to_o give_v away_o my_o right_n to_o such_o a_o man_n to_o be_v by_o he_o transfer_v to_o his_o heir_n and_o another_o thing_n to_o be_v willing_a to_o give_v it_o unto_o his_o heir_n immediate_o it_o be_v very_o material_a to_o consider_v on_o who_o we_o bestow_v a_o benefit_n of_o this_o opinion_n be_v neratius_n who_o can_v not_o believe_v that_o a_o prince_n will_v have_v grant_v that_o to_o he_o be_v dead_a which_o he_o have_v grant_v unto_o he_o believe_v he_o to_o be_v alive_a xvii_o whether_o it_o may_v be_v revoke_v if_o the_o party_n die_v who_o be_v authorize_v to_o make_v it_o explain_v a_o promise_n may_v also_o be_v revoke_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o the_o person_n who_o be_v authoze_v to_o make_v it_o because_o the_o bind_a power_n be_v in_o his_o word_n but_o not_o so_o if_o the_o grant_v be_v send_v by_o a_o messenger_n or_o a_o carrier_n because_o the_o oblige_a power_n be_v not_o in_o he_o but_o in_o the_o instrument_n he_o carry_v and_o therefore_o those_o letter_n import_v the_o consent_n of_o the_o party_n may_v be_v convey_v by_o any_o man_n we_o must_v also_o distinguish_v between_o he_o that_o be_v depute_v only_o to_o signify_v the_o promise_n we_o make_v and_o he_o that_o be_v authorize_v by_o we_o to_o make_v that_o promise_n himself_o in_o the_o former_a case_n a_o revocation_n shall_v take_v place_n although_o it_o be_v not_o so_o express_v to_o he_o that_o carry_v the_o promise_n or_o grant_v in_o the_o latter_a case_n the_o revocation_n be_v of_o no_o force_n because_o the_o oblige_a power_n depend_v upon_o the_o will_n of_o he_o that_o be_v send_v to_o make_v it_o who_o if_o he_o do_v make_v it_o while_o it_o be_v in_o his_o power_n so_o to_o do_v that_o be_v before_o the_o revocation_n be_v make_v know_v unto_o he_o the_o grant_n shall_v be_v valid_a and_o the_o person_n that_o make_v it_o justify_v so_o also_o in_o the_o former_a case_n though_o the_o donor_n die_v yet_o may_v the_o gift_n be_v accept_v as_o be_v on_o his_o part_n perfect_a and_o complete_a although_o subject_n to_o a_o revocation_n which_o be_v apparent_a in_o ambassador_n but_o in_o the_o latter_a case_n it_o can_v because_o the_o gift_n be_v not_o actual_o give_v but_o only_o command_v to_o be_v give_v but_o where_o the_o matter_n will_v admit_v of_o a_o debate_n it_o may_v be_v presume_v that_o the_o will_n of_o the_o prince_n be_v that_o his_o command_n shall_v be_v execute_v unless_o some_o great_a alteration_n shall_v happen_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n as_o namely_o the_o death_n of_o the_o person_n command_v it_o be_v true_a there_o may_v be_v many_o conjecture_n that_o may_v be_v of_o force_n to_o persuade_v we_o to_o think_v otherwise_o which_o may_v easy_o be_v admit_v that_o so_o what_o be_v in_o a_o good_a cause_n command_v to_o be_v give_v may_v notwithstanding_o abide_v with_o we_o and_o thus_o may_v that_o question_n that_o have_v be_v heretofore_o mute_v be_v answer_v whether_o the_o heir_n of_o he_o that_o be_v so_o command_v may_v be_v sue_v at_o law_n xviii_o whether_o a_o promise_v be_v revocable_a after_o it_o have_v be_v accept_v of_o by_o another_o controversy_n also_o do_v usual_o happen_v concern_v the_o accept_n of_o a_o thing_n in_o the_o behalf_n of_o another_o wherein_o also_o we_o must_v distinguish_v between_o that_o promise_n that_o be_v make_v to_o i_o of_o something_o to_o be_v give_v to_o another_o and_o that_o promise_v which_o be_v make_v in_o the_o name_n of_o he_o to_o who_o the_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v give_v if_o the_o promise_v be_v make_v to_o i_o set_v aside_o that_o query_n introduce_v by_o the_o roman_a law_n whether_o any_o benefit_n do_v accrue_v unto_o i_o by_o it_o the_o right_n of_o accept_v the_o thing_n seem_v natural_o to_o be_v give_v to_o i_o and_o the_o power_n of_o transfer_v that_o right_n unto_o another_o if_o he_o also_o will_v accept_v thereof_o so_o that_o he_o that_o make_v the_o promise_n have_v no_o right_a in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o revoke_v it_o but_o i_o to_o who_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v may_v remit_v it_o for_o this_o sense_n as_o it_o be_v no_o whit_n repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n so_o be_v it_o most_o agreeable_a to_o the_o word_n of_o such_o a_o promise_n neither_o can_v it_o be_v say_v not_o at_o all_o to_o concern_v i_o that_o another_o by_o i_o shall_v receive_v a_o benefit_n but_o if_o the_o promise_v be_v make_v in_o his_o name_n to_o who_o the_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v give_v we_o must_v then_o inquire_v whether_o he_o that_o accept_v of_o what_o be_v promise_v have_v a_o special_a command_n so_o to_o do_v or_o a_o order_n so_o general_a as_o may_v be_v think_v sufficient_a to_o include_v it_o or_o whether_o he_o have_v no_o such_o order_n at_o all_o if_o it_o do_v appear_v that_o he_o have_v such_o order_n or_o authority_n to_o accept_v thereof_o i_o do_v not_o then_o conceive_v it_o necessary_a to_o inquire_v any_o
some_o contract_n which_o have_v some_o resemblance_n of_o usury_n and_o be_v vulgar_o so_o account_v which_o yet_o be_v of_o another_o kind_n as_o when_o the_o lender_n require_v somewhat_o to_o repair_v the_o damage_n he_o have_v sustain_v either_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o long_a detention_n of_o his_o money_n lend_v or_o be_v frustrate_v of_o the_o hope_n of_o gain_n that_o he_o may_v have_v make_v by_o it_o deduct_v notwithstanding_o somewhat_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o incertainty_n of_o those_o hope_n and_o also_o for_o the_o labour_n and_o hazard_n he_o must_v have_v run_v for_o it_o so_o likewise_o to_o defray_v the_o charge_n of_o he_o that_o lend_v money_n to_o many_o and_o to_o that_o purpose_n keep_v his_o money_n ready_a with_o his_o book_n of_o account_n and_o for_o the_o danger_n he_o run_v of_o lose_v the_o principal_a where_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_o secure_v if_o any_o thing_n in_o these_o case_n be_v require_v it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v repute_v usury_n and_o if_o we_o will_v know_v what_o opinion_n the_o roman_a lawyer_n have_v of_o it_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o as_o they_o hate_v the_o word_n foenus_fw-la so_o they_o will_v easy_o admit_v of_o vsura_fw-la vsura_fw-la non_fw-la propter_fw-la lucrum_fw-la petentium_fw-la sed_fw-la propter_fw-la moram_fw-la solventium_fw-la not_o that_o the_o lender_n desire_v to_o make_v again_o by_o the_o want_v of_o the_o borrower_n but_o because_o his_o money_n be_v not_o pay_v at_o the_o time_n agree_v on_o the_o difference_n be_v only_o this_o distinguish_v foenus_fw-la and_o usura_fw-la how_o distinguish_v foenus_fw-la be_v that_o which_o we_o contract_v for_o more_o than_o the_o principal_n mere_o out_o of_o a_o desire_n of_o gain_n but_o vsura_fw-la be_v that_o which_o be_v give_v more_o than_o the_o principal_n lest_o the_o lender_n shall_v be_v damnify_v by_o the_o detention_n of_o the_o principal_n but_o since_o this_o word_n vsura_fw-la be_v abuse_v by_o some_o have_v get_v a_o ill_a report_n therefore_o have_v this_o latter_a age_n substitute_v in_o its_o room_n the_o word_n interest_n demosthenes_n in_o his_o oration_n against_o pantaenetus_n deny_v peremptory_o that_o he_o deserve_v to_o be_v brand_v with_o the_o name_n of_o a_o usurer_n that_o lend_v what_o he_o have_v get_v either_o by_o merchandize_v or_o by_o his_o honest_a labour_n sub_fw-la modico_fw-la lucello_fw-la for_o some_o moderate_a gain_n partly_o that_o he_o may_v keep_v what_o he_o have_v so_o get_v and_o partly_o that_o thereby_o he_o may_v gratify_v another_o it_o be_v record_v of_o germanus_n kinsman_n to_o justinian_n that_o he_o lend_v money_n to_o every_o man_n that_o need_v it_o to_o be_v employ_v 3._o goth._n l._n 3._o but_o never_o take_v any_o thing_n that_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o usury_n true_n it_o be_v that_o the_o scripture_n the_o father_n the_o canon_n law_n and_o the_o decretal_n do_v all_o declaim_v against_o usury_n so_o do_v the_o civilian_n baldus_n call_v it_o a_o profitable_a theft_n or_o piracy_n bartolus_n condemn_v all_o usury_n so_o do_v the_o roman_a emperor_n and_o most_o commonwealth_n yet_o be_v they_o content_v to_o tolerate_v it_o be_v restrain_v and_o moderate_v the_o hebrew_n word_n nishech_n signify_v a_o bite_a or_o grind_v usury_n such_o a_o lend_n of_o money_n as_o under_o the_o pretence_n of_o charity_n devour_v the_o poor_a borrower_n the_o matter_n that_o bind_v the_o conscience_n be_v the_o debtor_n gain_v nothing_o by_o the_o money_n lend_v and_o not_o the_o take_n of_o much_o or_o little_a interest_n it_o be_v a_o more_o bite_a usury_n to_o take_v 2_o or_o 3_o per_fw-la cent._n of_o he_o that_o get_v nothing_o than_o to_o receive_v 6_o or_o 8_o of_o he_o that_o make_v thereof_o a_o great_a gain_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o among_o the_o roman_n he_o that_o take_v usury_n of_o the_o poor_a be_v more_o punish_v than_o he_o that_o rob_v the_o rich_a no_o man_n be_v by_o the_o law_n bind_v or_o so_o much_o as_o admonish_v to_o lend_v to_o those_o who_o have_v no_o need_n and_o in_o case_n another_o man_n gain_n by_o what_o be_v i_o natural_a equity_n require_v that_o i_o shall_v be_v a_o gainer_n by_o so_o much_o as_o he_o by_o my_o mean_n be_v make_v the_o rich_a again_o if_o to_o a_o man_n that_o stand_v in_o present_a want_n i_o lend_v free_o until_o such_o a_o time_n prefix_v if_o he_o fail_v then_o of_o payment_n and_o i_o thereby_o incur_v any_o damage_n it_o be_v reason_n that_o he_o shall_v satisfy_v the_o damage_n and_o so_o interest_n may_v be_v due_a ex_fw-la damno_fw-la habito_fw-la for_o the_o loss_n i_o sustain_v also_o if_o a_o tradesman_n lend_v his_o money_n which_o he_o can_v spare_v till_o such_o a_o mart_n to_o be_v then_o pay_v and_o the_o borrower_n fail_v in_o his_o payment_n whereby_o he_o be_v disable_v to_o drive_v on_o his_o trade_n for_o the_o next_o year_n then_o shall_v he_o be_v bind_v to_o satisfy_v the_o damage_n the_o lender_n sustain_v propter_fw-la lucrum_fw-la cessans_fw-la by_o reason_n that_o our_o hope_n of_o gain_n cease_v again_o four_o man_n be_v partner_n in_o one_o shop_n two_o be_v age_a supply_n money_n the_o other_o two_o be_v young_a and_o active_a do_v take_v pain_n to_o improve_v it_o if_o they_o by_o their_o labour_n and_o care_n gain_v 20_o or_o 30_o per_fw-la cent._n and_o pay_v the_o other_o two_o be_v past_o their_o labour_n 6_o or_o 8_o per_fw-la cent._n for_o their_o maintenance_n can_v this_o be_v call_v bite_a usury_n if_o it_o be_v object_v that_o the_o two_o lender_n take_v no_o pain_n nor_o run_v any_o hazard_n i_o answer_v yes_o they_o do_v doubtless_o take_v pain_n when_o they_o be_v able_a and_o they_o do_v now_o run_v a_o hazard_n by_o lend_v their_o money_n to_o they_o that_o be_v painful_a but_o have_v nothing_o it_o be_v record_v by_o procopius_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o germanus_n 3._o proc._n got._n l._n 3._o a_o kinsman_n of_o justinian_n that_o he_o lend_v great_a sum_n of_o money_n to_o be_v employ_v by_o such_o as_o need_v it_o but_o never_o take_v any_o thing_n that_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o usury_n our_o king_n edgar_n forbid_v usury_n and_o edward_n the_o first_o send_v away_o all_o the_o banker_n who_o gregory_n the_o ten_o have_v send_v out_o of_o italy_n into_o england_n and_o place_v in_o lumbardstreet_n henry_n the_o eight_o allow_v 10_o per_fw-la cent._n for_o one_o year_n which_o edward_n the_o six_o repeal_v queen_n elizabeth_z tolerate_v 10_o per_fw-la cent._n so_o do_v king_n james_n which_o charles_n the_o first_o reduce_v to_o 6_o per_fw-la cent._n which_o yet_o continue_v xxii_o what_o power_n the_o civil_a law_n have_v determine_v in_o the_o case_n but_o these_o humane_a law_n that_o tolerate_v a_o moderate_a gain_n for_o the_o use_n of_o money_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n as_o in_o holland_n they_o permit_v 8_o per_fw-la cent._n to_o some_o and_o 12_o per_fw-la cent._n to_o merchant_n for_o a_o year_n as_o a_o reasonable_a compensation_n for_o that_o loss_n which_o the_o lender_n do_v or_o may_v sustain_v by_o the_o forbearance_n of_o his_o money_n be_v no_o way_n repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n either_o natural_a or_o divine_a but_o if_o they_o exceed_v this_o rate_n those_o law_n may_v afford_v impunity_n but_o no_o just_a right_n xxiii_o how_o contract_v concern_v ensurance_n be_v to_o be_v value_v a_o contract_n for_o the_o ensure_v of_o good_n from_o casualty_n either_o by_o sea_n or_o land_n be_v altogether_o void_a if_o either_o of_o the_o contractor_n do_v know_v that_o the_o good_n be_v already_o safe_o arrive_v at_o the_o port_n or_o place_n whither_o they_o be_v bind_v or_o that_o they_o be_v perish_v by_o the_o way_n not_o only_o in_o respect_n of_o that_o parity_n or_o equality_n of_o knowledge_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v between_o such_o contractor_n but_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o subject_a matter_n of_o such_o a_o contract_n which_o be_v a_o loss_n but_o uncertain_a which_o in_o respect_n of_o both_o party_n may_v or_o may_v not_o be_v but_o at_o what_o rate_n these_o good_n be_v to_o be_v secure_v depend_v upon_o common_a estimation_n xxiv_o how_o in_o society_n with_o their_o several_a kind_n in_o social_a negotiation_n where_o traffic_n be_v maintain_v by_o the_o joint_a stock_n of_o a_o company_n if_o every_o member_n contribute_v a_o equal_a proportion_n in_o money_n their_o gain_n or_o loss_n shall_v also_o be_v equal_a but_o if_o their_o proportion_n be_v unequal_a every_o member_n shall_v be_v rate_v according_a to_o his_o proportion_n the_o like_a be_v to_o be_v observe_v where_o the_o traffic_n be_v to_o be_v maintain_v by_o joint_a service_n according_o as_o the_o service_n be_v by_o agreement_n either_o equal_o or_o unequal_o to_o be_v perform_v but_o yet_o in_o such_o negotiation_n service_n may_v be_v set_v against_o money_n
mercy_n for_o that_o divine_a law_n that_o command_v they_o to_o destroy_v the_o nation_n deut._n 7.4_o exod._n 23.33_o be_v compare_v with_o another_o charge_n give_v by_o god_n concern_v they_o deut._n 20.10_o will_v admit_v of_o this_o limitation_n that_o if_o they_o yield_v upon_o the_o first_o summons_n they_o may_v be_v receive_v to_o mercy_n as_o be_v clear_a by_o the_o history_n of_o rahab_n who_o for_o secure_v the_o spy_n be_v save_v 16.10_o jos_n 16.10_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o gezer_n who_o be_v suffer_v to_o live_v among_o the_o ephramite_n and_o to_o serve_v they_o of_o the_o gergezites_n of_o who_o st._n matthew_n record_v 8.28_o mat._n 8.28_o that_o there_o be_v some_o live_n even_o until_o his_o time_n neither_o shall_v we_o find_v these_o ennumerate_v among_o those_o that_o be_v to_o have_v be_v extirpate_v as_o you_o may_v read_v deut._n 20.17_o jos_n 9.1_o and_o last_o it_o be_v clear_a by_o that_o act_n of_o solomon_n 1_o king_n 20.20_o 21_o whereby_o he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v receive_v the_o remainder_n of_o the_o canaanite_n who_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n can_v not_o destroy_v as_o his_o tributary_n and_o bond-servant_n unto_o that_o day_n yea_o and_o if_o we_o examine_v the_o cause_n of_o that_o severe_a charge_n give_v unto_o moses_n for_o their_o extirpation_n as_o it_o be_v express_v exod._n 23.33_o deut._n 7.4_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o in_o case_n as_o the_o hebrew_n doctor_n observe_v they_o will_v submit_v to_o the_o commandment_n give_v to_o noah_n and_o his_o son_n and_o pay_v tribute_n the_o cause_n of_o their_o extirpation_n be_v take_v away_o they_o may_v live_v now_o why_o joshua_n may_v not_o as_o well_o spare_v the_o gibeonite_n upon_o their_o dedition_n as_o he_o do_v rahab_n and_o the_o canaanite_n of_o gezer_n upon_o they_o no_o solid_a reason_n can_v be_v assign_v and_o yet_o that_o the_o gergezites_n be_v the_o offspring_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o gezer_n be_v spare_v and_o live_v as_o tributary_n to_o the_o israelite_n till_o christ_n time_n be_v most_o evident_a by_o the_o sacred_a story_n the_o immediate_a cause_n of_o the_o destruction_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o canaanite_n be_v not_o any_o inexorable_a command_n give_v by_o god_n to_o moses_n for_o that_o leave_v they_o a_o possibility_n to_o live_v because_o a_o power_n to_o submit_v but_o the_o hardness_n of_o their_o heart_n which_o proceed_v from_o god_n as_o a_o punishment_n for_o all_o their_o great_a provocation_n jos_n 11.19_o 20._o that_o so_o he_o may_v destroy_v they_o utter_o without_o any_o mercy_n as_o the_o lord_n command_v moses_n wherefore_o consider_v that_o in_o case_n the_o gibeonite_n have_v deal_v plain_o with_o moses_n which_o they_o dare_v not_o do_v for_o fear_n of_o he_o and_o have_v voluntary_o give_v themselves_o up_o as_o bond-servant_n it_o be_v probable_a that_o he_o will_v have_v spare_v their_o life_n under_o the_o same_o condition_n as_o he_o do_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o gezer_n therefore_o valuit_fw-la juramentum_fw-la the_o oath_n be_v to_o remain_v inviolable_a yea_o and_o the_o breach_n of_o this_o oath_n three_o hundred_o year_n after_o when_o saul_n either_o forget_v the_o oath_n of_o his_o forefather_n or_o out_o of_o a_o well-meant_a zeal_n slay_v some_o of_o these_o gibeonite_n cost_v the_o life_n of_o many_o thousand_o israelite_n 21.6_o 2_o sam._n 21.6_o in_o the_o three_o year_n famine_n which_o god_n bring_v upon_o israel_n of_o this_o opinion_n be_v st._n ambrose_n who_o handle_v this_o question_n say_v joshua_n do_v not_o think_v it_o safe_a to_o break_v the_o peace_n with_o the_o gibeonite_n because_o he_o have_v confirm_v it_o by_o oath_n ne_o dum_fw-la aliorum_fw-la perfidiam_fw-la arguit_fw-la 10._o de_fw-fr off._n l._n 3._o c._n 10._o svam_fw-la fidem_fw-la solveret_fw-la lest_o while_o he_o punish_v other_o for_o their_o perfidiousness_n he_o shall_v be_v find_v guilty_a of_o perjury_n neither_o do_v this_o fraud_n of_o they_o go_v altogether_o unpunished_a for_o whereas_o have_v they_o deal_v plain_o they_o have_v be_v admit_v upon_o pay_v of_o tribute_n only_o now_o their_o corporal_a slavery_n be_v at_o once_o the_o price_n of_o their_o life_n and_o the_o just_a punishment_n of_o their_o craft_n and_o subtilty_n so_o be_v the_o brutiani_fw-la serve_v by_o the_o roman_n 3._o loh_n 10._o c._n 3._o as_o gellius_n relate_v v._o the_o word_n of_o a_o oath_n not_o to_o be_v too_o far_o extend_v neither_o shall_v the_o meaning_n of_o a_o oath_n be_v wrest_v to_o any_o other_o sense_n than_o the_o word_n do_v usual_o bear_v wherefore_o when_o the_o child_n of_o israel_n have_v swear_v not_o to_o give_v their_o daughter_n in_o marriage_n to_o the_o benjamite_n do_v notwithstanding_o suffer_v the_o benjamite_n to_o take_v the_o daughter_n of_o shiloh_n by_o force_n and_o to_o enjoy_v they_o they_o be_v not_o guilty_a of_o perjury_n for_o it_o be_v one_o thing_n to_o give_v and_o another_o not_o to_o require_v what_o be_v already_o lose_v whereof_o st._n ambrose_n speak_v thus_o this_o indulgence_n of_o they_o be_v not_o without_o a_o punishment_n suitable_a to_o their_o intemperance_n while_o they_o be_v permit_v only_o to_o enjoy_v those_o who_o they_o have_v ravish_v without_o the_o solemnity_n of_o marriage_n nec_fw-la hortabantur_fw-la israelitae_n nec_fw-la prohibebant_fw-la say_v joseph_n the_o israelite_n do_v neither_o encourage_v the_o benjamite_n nor_o forbid_v they_o now_o the_o law_n say_v seneca_n may_v punish_v he_o that_o succour_v a_o exile_n but_o not_o he_o that_o only_o suffer_v he_o to_o be_v relieve_v not_o much_o unlike_a be_v that_o request_n which_o the_o achaian_n make_v to_o the_o roman_n who_o be_v high_o displease_v at_o some_o thing_n by_o they_o do_v and_o confirm_v by_o oath_n namely_o that_o the_o roman_n will_v be_v please_v to_o alter_v what_o they_o will_v but_o not_o to_o bind_v they_o by_o any_o religious_a vow_n to_o null_a those_o thing_n which_o they_o have_v already_o establish_v by_o oath_n vi_o oath_n bound_v not_o to_o thing_n unlawful_a second_o that_o a_o oath_n be_v bind_v it_o be_v necessary_a that_o it_o refer_v to_o thing_n lawful_a for_o if_o the_o thing_n promise_v upon_o oath_n be_v forbid_v either_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o by_o the_o divine_a law_n or_o interdict_v by_o humane_a law_n whereof_o more_o anon_o it_o have_v no_o power_n at_o all_o to_o oblige_v we_o that_o which_o be_v unlawful_a to_o be_v swear_v be_v unlawful_a to_o be_v do_v be_v swear_v and_o that_o which_o be_v unlawful_a for_o we_o to_o do_v be_v unlawful_a to_o be_v swear_v all_o oath_n have_v a_o tacit_a exception_n of_o the_o high_a power_n and_o of_o former_a oath_n now_o god_n be_v great_a than_o man_n and_o therefore_o have_v first_o bind_v ourselves_o unto_o he_o no_o oath_n make_v against_o he_o or_o against_o our_o duty_n to_o he_o aught_o by_o we_o to_o be_v perform_v but_o repent_v of_o no_o weapon_n form_v against_o he_o shall_v prosper_v say_v the_o prophet_n es_fw-ge 54._o it_o be_v good_a counsel_n that_o philo_n give_v in_o this_o case_n let_v he_o that_o go_v about_o to_o do_v a_o unjust_a act_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o oath_n know_v that_o he_o do_v not_o thereby_o perform_v his_o oath_n but_o break_v it_o for_o a_o oath_n be_v a_o sacred_a thing_n which_o deserve_v our_o great_a care_n and_o devotion_n to_o preserve_v whereby_o we_o stand_v oblige_v to_o do_v such_o thing_n only_o as_o be_v just_a and_o honest_a for_o he_o do_v but_o accumulate_v one_o sin_n upon_o another_o who_o to_o a_o wicked_a oath_n add_v a_o dishonest_a action_n wherefore_o let_v he_o that_o have_v ensnare_v his_o own_o soul_n by_o a_o rash_a vow_n yet_o refrain_v from_o do_v wicked_o that_o god_n who_o be_v rich_a in_o mercy_n may_v forgive_v he_o for_o wilful_o to_o contract_v a_o double_a guilt_n when_o we_o may_v be_v discharge_v from_o a_o single_a one_o be_v a_o incurable_a madness_n rash_n vow_n be_v ill_o make_v and_o sometime_o worse_o keep_v our_o tongue_n must_v not_o bind_v our_o hand_n to_o do_v wicked_o 25._o 1_o sam._n 25._o david_n be_v less_o sinful_a in_o break_v his_o oath_n and_o spare_v the_o life_n of_o nabal_n who_o he_o have_v swear_v to_o kill_v than_o herod_n be_v in_o kill_v the_o baptist_n or_o agamemnon_n in_o sacrifice_v iphigenia_n for_o their_o oath_n sake_n sure_o oath_n be_v never_o invent_v to_o be_v the_o bond_n of_o iniquity_n praestare_fw-la fateor_fw-la posse_fw-la i_o tacitam_fw-la fidem_fw-la si_fw-la scelere_fw-la careat_fw-la interim_n scelus_fw-la est_fw-la fides_fw-la my_o faith_n perform_v i_o can_v i_o do_v confess_v if_o void_a of_o sin_n else_o faith_n but_o wickedness_n some_o promise_n can_v be_v perform_v say_v ambrose_n nor_o some_o oath_n keep_v without_o the_o violation_n of_o our_o duty_n to_o god_n or_o man._n and_o if_o
in_o god_n whereby_o we_o can_v no_o more_o conclude_v that_o it_o be_v general_o and_o of_o itself_o unlawful_a to_o make_v a_o league_n with_o such_o as_o this_o syrian_a be_v than_o it_o will_v be_v to_o consult_v a_o physician_n about_o a_o man_n health_n multa_fw-la enim_fw-la non_fw-la illicita_fw-la vitiat_fw-la animus_n the_o mind_n sometime_o make_v that_o unlawful_a which_o in_o itself_o be_v not_o as_o that_o act_n of_o david_n in_o number_v the_o people_n and_o that_o of_o hezekiah_n in_o show_v his_o treasure_n to_o the_o king_n of_o babylon_n 20.13_o 2_o king_n 20.13_o so_fw-ge es_fw-ge 31.1_o the_o vain_a confidence_n of_o god_n people_n in_o the_o egyptian_n be_v sharp_o reprove_v whereas_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o solomon_n to_o contract_v a_o league_n with_o they_o 1_o king_n 3.1_o and_o good_a reason_n for_o the_o hebrew_n under_o the_o old_a law_n have_v the_o express_a promise_n of_o god_n for_o victory_n in_o case_n they_o observe_v the_o law_n and_o therefore_o they_o have_v no_o reason_n to_o fly_v to_o humane_a succour_n in_o time_n of_o danger_n beside_o there_o be_v many_o excellent_a sentence_n in_o solomon_n proverb_n that_o dissuade_v we_o from_o the_o society_n of_o the_o wicked_a but_o these_o be_v rather_o prudentis_fw-la monita_fw-la quam_fw-la legis_fw-la praecepta_fw-la wise_a man_n counsel_n than_o dictate_v of_o the_o law_n and_o these_o admonition_n have_v many_o exception_n as_o most_o moral_n have_v x._o nor_n by_o the_o christian_a law_n but_o the_o gospel_n give_v a_o great_a encouragement_n to_o league_n make_v with_o such_o as_o be_v stranger_n in_o religion_n whereby_o they_o may_v in_o a_o just_a cause_n be_v relieve_v than_o the_o law_n do_v for_o as_o much_o as_o we_o be_v command_v to_o do_v good_a unto_o all_o man_n yea_o even_o unto_o our_o enemy_n and_o this_o too_o not_o as_o a_o thing_n commendable_a only_o as_o to_o be_v thankful_a but_o as_o a_o thing_n necessary_a for_o we_o be_v enjoin_v thereunto_o under_o 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that_o they_o who_o be_v to_o be_v admit_v be_v not_o comprehend_v for_o the_o matter_n in_o treaty_n now_o be_v of_o the_o break_n of_o a_o league_n which_o be_v res_fw-la odiosa_fw-la a_o thing_n in_o itself_o odious_a sense_n the_o breach_n of_o a_o league_n be_v a_o thing_n odious_a and_o the_o take_n of_o a_o just_a revenge_n natural_a the_o carthaginian_a league_n with_o the_o roman_n must_v be_v understand_v in_o the_o strict_a sense_n and_o second_o it_o concern_v the_o abridge_n of_o the_o carthaginian_n of_o their_o liberty_n in_o take_v a_o just_a revenge_n upon_o those_o who_o have_v injure_v they_o which_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v their_o due_n and_o so_o not_o rash_o to_o be_v understand_v as_o give_v away_o what_o then_o shall_v we_o hence_o conclude_v that_o the_o roman_n may_v not_o admit_v of_o the_o saguntine_n as_o their_o friend_n or_o be_v so_o admit_v
but_o here_o it_o be_v also_o sometime_o question_v whether_o promise_n be_v to_o be_v understand_v with_o this_o tacit_a condition_n that_o thing_n remain_v so_o as_o they_o be_v when_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v which_o we_o deny_v unless_o it_o do_v manifest_o appear_v that_o that_o present_a condition_n of_o thing_n be_v include_v in_o that_o only_a reason_n which_o we_o have_v say_v and_o we_o read_v of_o nothing_o more_o frequent_o in_o history_n than_o of_o ambassador_n who_o understand_v so_o great_a a_o alteration_n make_v in_o the_o state_n as_o will_v render_v the_o whole_a matter_n and_o cause_n of_o the_o embassy_n frustrate_v have_v return_v home_o without_o attempt_v any_o thing_n xxvi_o or_o from_o the_o repugnancy_n of_o some_o emergent_a case_n with_o the_o will_n which_o be_v take_v either_o from_o something_o that_o be_v unlawful_a necessary_a court_n of_o equity_n necessary_a the_o repugnancy_n of_o some_o emergent_a case_n with_o the_o will_n be_v of_o two_o 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be_v admit_v for_o that_o be_v to_o make_v himself_o lord_n over_o another_o man_n act_n but_o then_o only_o when_o we_o have_v sufficient_a sign_n to_o justify_v our_o conjecture_n whereof_o none_o can_v be_v more_o just_a than_o this_o when_o they_o will_v binds_z we_o to_o thing_n repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n either_o of_o god_n or_o nature_n for_o such_o law_n have_v no_o power_n to_o oblige_v be_v necessary_o to_o be_v exempt_v quaedam_fw-la etiamsi_fw-la nulla_fw-la significatione_n legis_fw-la comprehensa_fw-la sint_fw-la natura_fw-la tamen_fw-la excipiuntur_fw-la there_o be_v some_o thing_n say_v quintilian_n that_o natural_o be_v exempt_v although_o they_o be_v not_o comprehend_v by_o any_o signification_n of_o the_o law_n as_o he_o that_o have_v promise_v to_o restore_v a_o sword_n to_o he_o who_o entrust_v he_o with_o it_o if_o the_o man_n to_o who_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v be_v mad_a he_o ought_v not_o to_o deliver_v it_o lest_o he_o thereby_o create_v danger_n to_o himself_o or_o to_o some_o other_o that_o be_v innocent_a so_o neither_o be_v we_o to_o restore_v a_o thing_n to_o he_o that_o deposit_v it_o with_o we_o if_o the_o right_a owner_n demand_v it_o this_o i_o approve_v of_o say_v triphonius_n to_o be_v justice_n that_o so_o give_v to_o every_o man_n his_o own_o that_o he_o detract_v not_o from_o the_o just_a claim_n of_o another_o the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v because_o such_o be_v the_o force_n of_o propriety_n be_v once_o introduce_v that_o not_o to_o return_v a_o thing_n to_o the_o right_a owner_n when_o know_v be_v altogether_o unjust_a xxvii_o or_o when_o some_o too_o great_a a_o charge_n arise_v to_o the_o promiser_n in_o comparison_n of_o that_o act_n the_o second_o sign_n shall_v be_v this_o when_o strict_o to_o follow_v the_o word_n of_o the_o promise_n or_o contract_n be_v not_o of_o itself_o and_o altogether_o unlawful_a but_o when_o it_o bind_v to_o such_o thing_n as_o to_o a_o prudent_a and_o weal-balanced_a judgement_n be_v too_o grievous_a and_o intolerable_a and_o that_o whether_o we_o respect_v humanity_n itself_o absolute_o or_o by_o compare_v the_o person_n promise_v and_o the_o thing_n promise_v with_o the_o end_n for_o which_o such_o a_o promise_n or_o contract_n be_v make_v so_o he_o that_o lend_v a_o thing_n for_o such_o a_o time_n may_v require_v it_o before_o that_o time_n if_o he_o stand_v in_o great_a want_n of_o it_o because_o it_o be_v presume_v that_o no_o man_n will_v willing_o do_v his_o friend_n a_o courtesy_n in_o that_o wherein_o he_o shall_v do_v himself_o a_o manifest_a injury_n so_o he_o that_o shall_v promise_v succour_n to_o his_o ally_n shall_v be_v excuse_v in_o case_n he_o be_v engage_v in_o war_n at_o home_n so_o far_o forth_o as_o he_o shall_v stand_v in_o need_n of_o those_o force_n in_o like_a manner_n he_o that_o promise_v immunity_n from_o tribute_n and_o tax_n mean_v only_o from_o ordinary_a and_o annual_a tax_n not_o from_o those_o that_o may_v be_v impose_v in_o time_n of_o great_a danger_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n wherefore_o it_o be_v too_o loose_o say_v of_o cicero_n that_o those_o promise_n be_v not_o to_o be_v perform_v which_o be_v unprofitable_a to_o he_o to_o who_o they_o be_v make_v nor_o those_o which_o do_v more_o endamage_v the_o promiser_n than_o benefit_n he_o to_o who_o they_o be_v make_v for_o the_o person_n promise_v be_v no_o competent_a judge_n whether_o the_o thing_n promise_v will_v be_v profitable_a to_o he_o to_o who_o it_o be_v promise_v unless_o it_o be_v in_o such_o a_o case_n as_o be_v before_o instance_a of_o apparent_a madness_n neither_o be_v every_o damage_n sufficient_a to_o absolve_v the_o promiser_n from_o the_o performance_n of_o his_o promise_n but_o the_o damage_n must_v be_v such_o as_o even_o from_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o act_n it_o may_v be_v believe_v that_o can_v it_o have_v be_v foresee_v it_o will_v have_v be_v exempt_v so_o he_o that_o be_v engage_v to_o do_v so_o many_o day_n service_n for_o another_o be_v acquit_v from_o his_o engagement_n if_o either_o his_o father_n or_o his_o son_n be_v affect_v with_o some_o dangerous_a sickness_n this_o be_v cicero_n opinion_n in_o this_o case_n if_o be_v retain_v to_o plead_v the_o cause_n of_o thy_o client_n thy_o son_n shall_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n fall_v desperate_o sick_a non_fw-la est_fw-la contra_fw-la officium_fw-la 1._o off._n l._n 1._o non_fw-la facere_fw-la quod_fw-la dixeris_fw-la thou_o be_v not_o in_o duty_n bind_v to_o attend_v that_o cause_n and_o in_o this_o sense_n be_v that_o of_o seneca_n to_o be_v understand_v then_o do_v i_o break_v my_o word_n then_o may_v i_o be_v just_o charge_v with_o levity_n 35._o de_fw-fr benef._n l._n 4._o c._n 35._o when_o all_o thing_n remain_v in_o the_o state_n they_o be_v in_o when_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v i_o do_v not_o perform_v what_o i_o promise_v but_o in_o case_n there_o fall_v out_o any_o unexpected_a change_n concern_v that_o whereupon_o the_o promise_n be_v make_v it_o give_v i_o liberty_n to_o consult_v anew_o and_o yet_o i_o preserve_v my_o faith_n i_o be_o haply_o retain_v in_o a_o cause_n wherein_o i_o do_v afterward_o conceive_v that_o my_o father_n may_v be_v damnify_v i_o have_v promise_v to_o take_v a_o journey_n into_o the_o country_n with_o such_o a_o companion_n but_o i_o understand_v since_o that_o the_o way_n be_v infest_a with_o robber_n i_o have_v engage_v my_o word_n to_o be_v present_a and_o to_o assist_v in_o such_o a_o business_n but_o be_o with_o hold_v by_o the_o unexpected_a sickness_n of_o my_o son_n or_o by_o my_o wife_n fall_v into_o labour_n omnia_fw-la esse_fw-la debent_fw-la eadem_fw-la quae_fw-la fucrunt_fw-la cum_fw-la promitterem_fw-la ut_fw-la promittentis_fw-la fidem_fw-la teneas_fw-la all_o thing_n ought_v to_o be_v in_o the_o same_o condition_n as_o they_o be_v when_o i_o promise_v to_o oblige_v i_o to_o do_v what_o i_o do_v promise_v where_o by_o all_o thing_n we_o must_v understand_v all_o thing_n relate_v to_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o act_n which_o be_v in_o question_n 1595._o see_v camd._n anno_fw-la 1595._o the_o english_a do_v frequent_o make_v use_n of_o these_o politic_a maxim_n both_o with_o the_o hollander_n and_o with_o the_o hans-town_n as_o camden_n record_v for_o when_o queen_n elizabeth_n by_o assist_v the_o state_n of_o holland_n have_v draw_v down_o the_o whole_a power_n of_o spain_n against_o herself_o and_o therefore_o for_o her_o necessary_a defence_n demand_v those_o vast_a sum_n lend_v they_o to_o prosecute_v their_o war_n they_o urge_v that_o that_o money_n be_v not_o due_a by_o their_o contract_n till_o the_o end_n of_o the_o war_n and_o that_o until_o then_o she_o be_v oblige_v in_o honour_n to_o assist_v they_o she_o answer_v that_o a_o prince_n be_v not_o bind_v by_o his_o contract_n when_o for_o just_a cause_n
it_o manifest_o turn_v to_o the_o public_a detriment_n or_o when_o it_o be_v do_v by_o the_o accident_n of_o a_o new_a case_n or_o when_o a_o new_a case_n arise_v which_o have_v it_o be_v foresee_v will_v have_v be_v provide_v against_o for_o that_o every_o contract_n though_o swear_v be_v understand_v with_o this_o reserve_a condition_n if_o matter_n continue_v in_o the_o same_o state_n but_o not_o if_o they_o be_v change_v which_o that_o wise_a queen_n ground_v upon_o the_o authority_n of_o seneca_n a_o wise_a man_n change_v not_o his_o resolution_n all_o thing_n continue_v as_o they_o be_v at_o the_o time_n when_o he_o make_v it_o nor_o can_v he_o be_v say_v to_o repent_v because_o at_o that_o time_n and_o as_o the_o case_n then_o stand_v no_o better_a counsel_n can_v be_v follow_v than_o be_v then_o resolve_v on_o and_o when_o the_o hans-town_n complain_v against_o she_o to_o the_o emperor_n that_o their_o privilege_n be_v break_v in_o england_n and_o their_o custom_n much_o enhanse_v she_o answer_v that_o those_o privilege_n be_v by_o authority_n of_o parliament_n abrogate_a as_o be_v not_o convenient_a for_o the_o time_n be_v grant_v when_o traffic_n and_o merchandize_n lay_v dead_a among_o the_o english_a and_o for_o her_o custom_n she_o say_v that_o the_o commonwealth_n can_v not_o subsist_v if_o no_o other_o custom_n shall_v now_o be_v pay_v by_o the_o hans-town_n than_o what_o be_v pay_v three_o hundred_o year_n before_o and_o much_o to_o this_o purpose_n be_v that_o of_o seneca_n be_v invite_v to_o a_o feast_n i_o will_v go_v because_o i_o have_v promise_v although_o it_o be_v cold_a i_o will_v arise_v to_o a_o wedding_n because_o i_o have_v promise_v although_o i_o be_o not_o sufficient_o refresh_v with_o sleep_n but_o not_o if_o i_o be_o feverish_a although_o i_o have_v promise_v nor_o will_v i_o stand_v bind_v with_o thou_o for_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v uncertain_a though_o thou_o bid_v i_o in_o case_n thou_o be_v indebt_v to_o the_o exchequer_n for_o in_o all_o these_o promise_v there_o be_v some_o tacit_a exception_n to_o be_v understand_v namely_o if_o i_o can_v or_o if_o i_o ought_v so_o to_o do_v if_o thing_n be_v then_o as_o they_o now_o be_v effice_n ut_fw-la idem_fw-la status_fw-la sit_fw-la cum_fw-la exigitur_fw-la qui_fw-la fuit_fw-la cum_fw-la promitterem_fw-la make_v the_o case_n the_o same_o when_o thou_o exact_a my_o promise_n as_o it_o be_v when_o i_o make_v it_o if_o any_o new_a thing_n intervene_v it_o be_v not_o levity_n or_o inconstancy_n in_o i_o if_o i_o fail_v what_o wonder_n be_v it_o if_o a_o man_n change_v his_o mind_n and_o counsel_n when_o his_o condition_n be_v change_v eadem_fw-la mihi_fw-la omne_fw-la praesta_fw-la &_o idem_fw-la sum_fw-la make_v all_o thing_n the_o same_o and_o then_o i_o also_o be_o the_o same_o xxviii_o other_o sign_n whereby_o we_o may_v guess_v that_o such_o a_o case_n ought_v to_o be_v exempt_v there_o be_v also_o as_o we_o have_v say_v other_o sign_n of_o the_o will_n whereby_o we_o may_v conjecture_v that_o that_o case_n be_v to_o have_v be_v exempt_v among_o which_o there_o be_v none_o more_o convince_a than_o word_n speak_v or_o recite_v in_o some_o place_n not_o where_o they_o do_v direct_o contradict_v each_o other_o which_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d whereof_o we_o make_v mention_v above_o but_o when_o as_o it_o be_v unexpected_o from_o the_o very_a event_n of_o thing_n they_o seem_v to_o clash_v one_o against_o another_o which_o the_o greek_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d xxix_o what_o rule_n shall_v then_o guide_v our_o conjecture_n now_o when_o such_o a_o case_n happen_v which_o part_n of_o the_o write_v aught_o to_o prevail_v with_o we_o we_o may_v be_v instruct_v by_o some_o rule_n that_o cicero_n 2._o cicero_n de_fw-fr invent._n 2._o verina_n 2._o have_v leave_v we_o out_o of_o some_o ancient_a and_o approve_a author_n which_o be_v by_o no_o mean_n to_o be_v slight_v yet_o in_o my_o opinion_n be_v they_o not_o digest_v into_o a_o right_a order_n and_o therefore_o i_o think_v fit_a to_o place_v they_o thus_o that_o that_o which_o be_v permit_v do_v always_o give_v place_n to_o that_o which_o be_v enjoin_v for_o as_o quintilian_n say_v semper_fw-la potentior_fw-la lex_fw-la est_fw-la qua_fw-la vetat_fw-la quà m_fw-la quae_fw-la permittit_fw-la that_o law_n that_o command_v be_v always_o strong_a than_o that_o which_o permit_v because_o he_o that_o permit_v any_o thing_n be_v conceive_v to_o permit_v it_o unless_o somewhat_o else_o do_v hinder_v than_o what_o be_v then_o treat_v of_o and_o therefore_o plus_fw-fr valet_fw-la sanctio_fw-la quam_fw-la permissio_fw-la a_o decree_n or_o sanction_n be_v more_o prevalent_a than_o a_o toleration_n second_o that_o what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v at_o a_o time_n prefix_v be_v always_o prefer_v before_o what_o may_v be_v do_v at_o any_o time_n from_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n that_o which_o forbid_v be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o that_o which_o enjoin_v because_o what_o prohibit_n bind_v we_o at_o all_o time_n but_o so_o do_v not_o that_o which_o command_v unless_o it_o be_v either_o when_o the_o time_n be_v express_v or_o that_o the_o command_n comprehend_v under_o it_o some_o tacit_a prohibition_n again_o that_o in_o such_o agreement_n as_o be_v in_o their_o quality_n beforenamed_n equal_a that_o shall_v be_v prefer_v which_o be_v most_o proper_a and_o come_v near_a to_o the_o matter_n in_o question_n for_o particular_n be_v always_o more_o efficacious_a than_o general_n and_o in_o thing_n prohibit_v that_o those_o which_o have_v a_o penalty_n affix_v be_v prefer_v before_o those_o that_o have_v none_o and_o those_o that_o have_v a_o great_a penalty_n before_o those_o that_o have_v a_o lesser_a as_o also_o that_o those_o be_v prefer_v that_o have_v cause_n affix_v either_o more_o honest_a or_o more_o profitable_a and_o in_o the_o last_o place_n that_o that_o which_o be_v speak_v last_n be_v more_o valid_a than_o that_o which_o be_v speak_v before_o of_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v this_o also_o must_v be_v here_o repeat_v that_o look_v what_o agreement_n be_v swear_v unto_o must_v be_v understand_v in_o the_o most_o usual_a propriety_n of_o speech_n and_o that_o all_o secret_a reservation_n and_o restriction_n more_o than_o the_o very_a nature_n of_o the_o thing_n do_v necessary_o require_v be_v altogether_o disow_v wherefore_o also_o in_o case_n a_o agreement_n swear_v shall_v in_o effect_n clash_n with_o that_o which_o be_v not_o swear_v that_o which_o be_v bind_v by_o a_o oath_n shall_v be_v prefer_v xxx_o in_o a_o case_n that_o be_v dubious_a a_o write_n be_v not_o require_v to_o complete_a the_o contract_n it_o be_v also_o usual_o question_v whether_o in_o a_o doubtful_a case_n a_o contract_n ought_v to_o be_v account_v perfect_a and_o complete_a before_o the_o write_n be_v sign_v and_o deliver_v for_o this_o muraena_fw-la allege_v against_o the_o agreement_n make_v between_o sylla_n and_o mithridates_n to_o i_o it_o be_v very_o plain_a that_o unless_o it_o be_v otherwise_o agree_v on_o the_o write_n stand_v but_o as_o the_o last_a monument_n of_o the_o contract_n and_o not_o as_o any_o part_n of_o the_o substance_n of_o it_o if_o otherwise_o it_o must_v be_v so_o express_v as_o in_o that_o make_v with_o nabis_n where_o it_o be_v provide_v that_o those_o condition_n shall_v be_v of_o force_n from_o that_o day_n whereon_o they_o shall_v be_v publish_v by_o nabis_n xxxi_o the_o contract_n of_o king_n not_o always_o to_o be_v interpret_v by_o the_o roman_a law_n but_o i_o can_v admit_v of_o their_o opinion_n who_o hold_v that_o the_o contract_n of_o king_n and_o free_a state_n be_v to_o be_v interpret_v as_o far_o as_o be_v possible_a by_o the_o roman_a law_n unless_o it_o appear_v that_o among_o those_o people_n the_o civil_a law_n in_o such_o thing_n as_o concern_v the_o right_n of_o nation_n have_v ever_o be_v receive_v for_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o be_v not_o rash_o to_o be_v presume_v xxxii_o whether_o his_o word_n that_o offer_v or_o his_o that_o accept_v be_v most_o bind_v as_o to_o that_o question_n move_v by_o plutarch_n in_o his_o symposiack_n namely_o whether_o the_o word_n of_o he_o that_o propose_v condition_n or_o of_o he_o that_o accept_v of_o they_o be_v most_o bind_v it_o appear_v to_o i_o that_o see_v it_o be_v he_o that_o accept_v that_o promise_v they_o be_v his_o word_n if_o absolute_a and_o in_o themselves_o that_o give_v form_n and_o be_v to_o the_o contract_n for_o if_o he_o regard_v the_o word_n of_o he_o that_o offer_v condition_n affirmative_o he_o shall_v be_v think_v to_o repeat_v those_o very_a word_n in_o his_o promise_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o relative_n but_o certain_a it_o be_v that_o before_o the_o condition_n be_v accept_v even_o he_o
do_v the_o wrong_n second_o by_o take_v away_o from_o he_o the_o power_n to_o do_v wrong_n or_o three_o by_o deter_v he_o from_o do_v any_o further_a wrong_n by_o the_o sharpness_n of_o his_o punishment_n which_o be_v conjoin_v with_o reformation_n whereof_o we_o have_v just_a now_o already_o discourse_v but_o to_o be_v secure_v from_o other_o by_o the_o punishment_n of_o he_o who_o have_v offend_v it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o say_a punishment_n be_v public_a and_o conspicuous_a which_o appertain_v to_o exemplary_a punishment_n whereof_o more_o anon_o now_o if_o our_o desire_n of_o revenge_n though_o private_a be_v direct_v to_o these_o end_n only_o and_o can_v be_v empale_v within_o the_o bound_n of_o equity_n if_o we_o look_v at_o the_o bare_a law_n of_o nature_n first_o abstract_v from_o divine_a and_o humane_a law_n and_o from_o those_o other_o occurrent_n which_o do_v not_o necessary_o happen_v to_o the_o thing_n it_o be_v not_o unlawful_a whether_o it_o be_v do_v by_o the_o person_n injure_v or_o by_o another_o see_v it_o be_v natural_a for_o one_o man_n to_o help_v another_o 2._o de_fw-fr invent._n lib._n 2._o in_o which_o sense_n may_v that_o of_o cicero_n be_v admit_v where_o he_o define_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o be_v that_o which_o consist_v not_o in_o opinion_n or_o custom_n but_o in_o that_o which_o nature_n itself_o suggest_v unto_o we_o where_o also_o among_o other_o example_n he_o place_v this_o of_o vindication_n which_o he_o there_o oppose_v to_o grace_n or_o pardon_n and_o lest_o any_o man_n shall_v question_v the_o extent_n of_o the_o word_n he_o define_v it_o to_o be_v that_o whereby_o we_o defend_v both_o ourselves_o and_o those_o who_o ought_v to_o be_v dear_a unto_o we_o from_o force_n and_o calumny_n by_o a_o just_a revenge_n or_o whereby_o we_o punish_v offence_n mithridates_n in_o that_o oration_n which_o justin_n extract_v out_o of_o trogus_n speak_v thus_o against_o thief_n all_o man_n ought_v to_o draw_v their_o sword_n if_o not_o for_o their_o safety_n yet_o for_o their_o revenge_n which_o plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o aratus_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o law_n of_o revenge_n by_o this_o natural_a law_n samson_n justify_v himself_o against_o the_o philistine_n 15.3.7.11_o judg._n 15.3.7.11_o when_o they_o have_v provoke_v he_o by_o take_v away_o his_o wife_n and_o give_v she_o to_o another_o now_o say_v he_o shall_v i_o be_v more_o blameless_a than_o they_o though_o i_o do_v they_o a_o displeasure_n for_o he_o conclude_v it_o to_o be_v just_a for_o he_o to_o injure_v they_o who_o have_v first_o provoke_v he_o by_o so_o great_a a_o injury_n and_o according_a to_o this_o rule_n he_o plead_v his_o own_o cause_n and_o defend_v himself_o for_o be_v demand_v by_o the_o man_n of_o judah_n what_o he_o have_v do_v against_o the_o philistine_n to_o provoke_v they_o he_o answer_v as_o they_o have_v do_v to_o i_o so_o have_v i_o do_v to_o they_o v._o 11._o finem_fw-la plut._n rom._n ad_fw-la finem_fw-la when_o the_o laurentines_n deliver_v up_o those_o that_o kill_v tatius_n to_o romulus_n to_o be_v punish_v he_o set_v they_o at_o liberty_n say_v that_o blood_n be_v to_o be_v expiate_v with_o blood_n intimate_v that_o because_o tatius_n have_v before_o slay_v their_o ambassador_n or_o at_o least_o connive_v at_o it_o it_o be_v but_o just_a that_o blood_n shall_v have_v blood_n for_o as_o belisarius_n in_o procopius_n note_n it_o be_v but_o natural_a to_o account_v he_o as_o my_o enemy_n who_o have_v by_o a_o assault_n wound_v i_o thus_o likewise_o the_o platean_n in_o thucydides_n plead_v for_o themselves_o in_o the_o like_a case_n we_o have_v deserve_o punish_v they_o say_v they_o for_o by_o that_o law_n that_o be_v in_o force_n among_o all_o man_n it_o be_v lawful_a to_o be_v revenge_v on_o those_o that_o first_o make_v war_n upon_o we_o 1._o vand._n 1._o demosthenes_n in_o his_o oration_n against_o aristocrates_n say_v that_o this_o law_n be_v common_a among_o all_o man_n to_o enforce_v satisfaction_n from_o they_o that_o have_v forcible_o take_v away_o our_o good_n from_o we_o and_o jugurtha_n in_o sallust_n have_v show_v how_o asdrubal_n have_v lay_v in_o wait_n for_o his_o life_n add_v that_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n do_v that_o which_o be_v neither_o just_a nor_o right_a in_o forbid_v he_o that_o rigbt_v which_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n allow_v he_o that_o be_v a_o just_a revenge_n and_o aristides_n the_o orator_n prove_v it_o by_o the_o authority_n both_o of_o poet_n lawyer_n proverb_n and_o orator_n that_o a_o revenge_n may_v be_v lawful_o take_v upon_o such_o as_o have_v first_o injure_v we_o st._n ambrose_n commend_v the_o maccabee_n for_o revenge_v the_o blood_n of_o their_o innocent_a brethren_n though_o it_o be_v on_o the_o sabbath_n and_o against_o the_o jew_n who_o bitter_o complain_v against_o the_o christian_n for_o burn_v their_o church_n he_o plead_v thus_o if_o i_o shall_v argue_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n i_o shall_v recount_v how_o many_o christian_a church_n the_o jew_n burn_v in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n julian_n thereby_o conclude_v that_o to_o requite_v like_a for_o like_a be_v agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n thus_o do_v jonathan_n and_o his_o associate_n revenge_v the_o death_n of_o their_o brother_n john_n upon_o the_o nabathits_n as_o they_o be_v celebrate_v some_o great_a nuptial_n upon_o who_o he_o unexpected_o fall_v and_o slay_v both_o man_n woman_n and_o child_n as_o josephus_n inform_v we_o but_o because_o man_n be_v too_o partial_a judge_n in_o their_o own_o cause_n 1._o ant._n l._n 13._o c._n 1._o therefore_o that_o liberty_n which_o nature_n do_v at_o first_o indulge_v unto_o every_o man_n in_o vindicate_v his_o own_o quarrel_n be_v just_o take_v away_o and_o judge_n appoint_v to_o determine_v all_o controversy_n between_o man_n and_o man_n and_o to_o help_v those_o to_o right_n who_o suffer_v wrong_a thus_o demosthenes_n plead_v against_o conon_n as_o for_o these_o injury_n it_o be_v think_v fit_a by_o our_o ancestor_n that_o they_o shall_v receive_v their_o punishment_n from_o the_o law_n and_o not_o from_o the_o rage_n and_o violence_n of_o every_o man_n will_n so_o do_v quintilian_n the_o compensate_n of_o a_o injury_n be_v not_o only_o repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n why_o law_n and_o magistrate_n ordain_v to_o punish_v offender_n and_o why_o but_o unto_o peace_n for_o there_o be_v law_n judge_n and_o court_n whereunto_o any_o man_n may_v appeal_v unless_o there_o be_v any_o that_o be_v ashamed_a to_o be_v vindicate_v by_o the_o law_n so_o likewise_o the_o emperor_n honorius_n and_o theodosius_n for_o this_o very_a cause_n be_v tribunal_n erect_v and_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o public_a law_n institute_v lest_o any_o man_n shall_v arrogate_v to_o himself_o the_o liberty_n to_o revenge_v his_o own_o quarrel_n so_o king_n theodorick_n from_o hence_o do_v the_o law_n challenge_v from_o we_o a_o sacred_a reverence_n that_o no_o revenge_n may_v be_v take_v by_o our_o own_o hand_n nor_o any_o thing_n do_v against_o our_o enemy_n by_o the_o sudden_a impulse_n of_o our_o own_o passion_n for_o how_o inconvenient_a this_o will_v be_v be_v evident_a by_o that_o plea_n of_o tindarus_n against_o orestes_n this_o if_o thou_o suffer_v menelau_n '_o i_o ask_v if_o the_o angry_a wife_n her_o husband_n blood_n shall_v spill_v and_o in_o revenge_n the_o son_n his_o mother_n kill_v and_o if_o her_o blood_n can_v be_v wash_v away_o without_o fresh_a blood_n where_o will_v these_o mischief_n stay_v which_o word_n of_o euripides_n be_v full_a of_o prudence_n do_v abundant_o supply_v both_o philosopher_n and_o orator_n with_o matter_n of_o argument_n maximus_fw-la tyrius_n in_o his_o dissertation_n concern_v the_o retaliate_a of_o injury_n speak_v thus_o a_o good_a man_n will_v neither_o do_v a_o injury_n nor_o suffer_v one_o not_o do_v one_o i_o mean_v willing_o nor_o suffer_v one_o because_o he_o magnanimous_o slight_v all_o that_o be_v do_v unto_o he_o if_o to_o infer_v a_o injury_n be_v wicked_a sure_o to_o return_v one_o be_v somewhat_o like_o it_o for_o although_o he_o that_o wrong_v another_o in_o that_o he_o give_v the_o first_o offence_n commit_v the_o great_a fault_n yet_o he_o that_o requite_v that_o injury_n because_o he_o be_v please_v with_o revenge_n be_v alike_o wicked_a for_o if_o he_o that_o do_v his_o neighbour_n wrong_v do_v evil_a sure_o he_o that_o return_v that_o evil_a be_v not_o the_o less_o evil_a because_o he_o do_v it_o in_o revenge_n and_o a_o little_a after_o quis_fw-la erit_fw-la unquam_fw-la injuriarum_fw-la finis_fw-la etc._n etc._n if_o it_o be_v grant_v say_v he_o that_o a_o good_a man_n have_v receive_v a_o injury_n may_v revenge_v it_o then_o may_v he_o that_o suffer_v that_o revenge_n as_o just_o return_v it_o for_o on_o both_o
perfect_a of_o this_o work_n of_o repentance_n in_o he_o i_o answer_v that_o god_n haply_o may_v as_o probable_o have_v receive_v as_o much_o dishonour_n in_o his_o recidivation_n or_o fall_v back_o to_o his_o accustom_a wicked_a course_n and_o so_o that_o of_o seneca_n may_v very_o fit_o be_v apply_v quod_fw-la unum_fw-la bonum_fw-la tibi_fw-la superest_fw-la representabimus_fw-la 15._o lib._n 1._o de_fw-la ira_fw-la c._n 16._o c._n 15._o mortem_fw-la that_o only_o good_a thing_n that_o thou_o be_v capable_a of_o we_o represent_v unto_o thou_o which_o be_v death_n and_o that_o also_o of_o the_o same_o seneca_n quo_fw-la uno_fw-la modo_fw-la possunt_fw-la desinant_fw-la esse_fw-la mali_fw-la there_o be_v no_o way_n leave_v for_o they_o to_o cease_v to_o sin_n but_o to_o cease_v to_o live_v whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v that_o which_o the_o same_o author_n say_v elsewhere_o talibus_fw-la ingeniis_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la exitus_fw-la remedium_fw-la est_fw-la optimumque_fw-la est_fw-la abire_fw-la ei_fw-la qui_fw-la ad_fw-la se_fw-la nunquam_fw-la reverturus_fw-la est_fw-la 10._o de_fw-fr benef._n l._n 7._o c._n 10._o death_n be_v to_o such_o the_o only_a remedy_n it_o be_v best_a for_o he_o to_o die_v that_o live_v without_o any_o hope_n of_o be_v cure_v let_v these_o therefore_o together_o with_o what_o we_o have_v say_v in_o the_o begin_n of_o this_o work_n suffice_v for_o answer_v to_o those_o who_o hold_v that_o either_o all_o punishment_n or_o at_o least_o such_o as_o be_v capital_a be_v without_o any_o exception_n prohibit_v unto_o christian_n the_o contrary_a whereunto_o we_o be_v teach_v by_o the_o apostle_n who_o within_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o king_n include_v the_o power_n of_o the_o sword_n as_o be_v the_o executioner_n of_o divine_a vengeance_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o we_o ought_v to_o pray_v that_o king_n may_v be_v make_v christian_n and_o that_o as_o king_n they_o may_v protect_v the_o innocent_a which_o in_o this_o general_a corruption_n and_o depravity_n of_o mankind_n even_o since_o the_o time_n of_o the_o gospel_n can_v be_v do_v unless_o by_o the_o death_n of_o some_o the_o impudence_n of_o other_o be_v repress_v see_v that_o all_o the_o public_a punishment_n that_o be_v every_o where_o inflict_v upon_o the_o guilty_a be_v not_o as_o yet_o find_v sufficient_a to_o guard_v or_o protect_v the_o innocent_a neither_o be_v it_o altogether_o impertinent_a to_o propose_v unto_o all_o christian_a magistrate_n the_o example_n of_o sabacon_n king_n of_o egypt_n for_o their_o imitation_n a_o man_n high_o fame_v for_o his_o piety_n by_o who_o all_o capital_a punishment_n be_v change_v into_o some_o servile_a work_n that_o be_v profitable_a to_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o that_o with_o good_a success_n 1._o lib._n 1._o as_o diodorus_n testify_v strabo_n relate_v the_o like_a of_o some_o nation_n inhabit_v about_o mount_n caucasus_n where_o say_v he_o they_o put_v no_o man_n to_o death_n although_o they_o offend_v never_o so_o high_o yea_o and_o among_o the_o roman_n no_o citizen_n be_v ever_o know_v to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n or_o punish_v with_o stripe_n after_o the_o porcian_a law_n be_v make_v unless_o for_o treason_n or_o be_v first_o condemn_v by_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n neither_o be_v that_o of_o quintilian_n to_o be_v slight_v no_o man_n will_v doubt_v say_v he_o but_o that_o if_o a_o malefactor_n can_v be_v reclaim_v and_o become_v a_o new_a man_n as_o some_o such_o there_o may_v sometime_o be_v it_o be_v better_o for_o the_o commonwealth_n that_o he_o shall_v live_v than_o die_v it_o be_v observe_v by_o balsamon_n that_o those_o roman-law_n which_o condemn_a man_n to_o death_n be_v most_o of_o they_o change_v by_o the_o christian_a emperor_n into_o some_o smart_a punishment_n whereby_o both_o the_o condemn_a party_n be_v more_o sharp_o urge_v to_o repentance_n and_o other_o more_o affright_v by_o their_o last_a punishment_n nicetas_n record_v it_o 2._o see_v chap._n 24._o sect._n 2._o that_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o johannes_n comnenus_n no_o malefactor_n be_v at_o any_o time_n put_v to_o death_n and_o when_o some_o rant_a donatist_n have_v kill_v two_o catholic_n priest_n most_o barbarous_o put_v out_o the_o eye_n and_o cut_v off_o the_o finger_n of_o one_o of_o they_o circumcelliones_fw-la grat._n l._n 23._o q._n 5._o circumcelliones_fw-la st_n augustine_n beseech_v count_n marcellinus_n not_o to_o punish_v they_o by_o that_o strict_a rule_n of_o retaliation_n whereby_o they_o shall_v suffer_v according_a to_o what_o they_o have_v do_v but_o that_o he_o will_v suffer_v they_o to_o live_v and_o to_o enjoy_v their_o limb_n yet_o to_o restrain_v they_o from_o the_o like_a outrage_n by_o some_o hard_a yet_o profitable_a labour_n or_o to_o reclaim_v they_o from_o their_o madness_n by_o some_o smart_a punishment_n for_o this_o also_o say_v he_o be_v call_v a_o condemnation_n and_o who_o understand_v not_o this_o to_o be_v as_o well_o a_o benefit_n as_o a_o punishment_n whereby_o neither_o be_v the_o reins_o let_v loose_a to_o licentious_a cruelty_n nor_o that_o wholesome_a physic_n withhold_v that_o shall_v work_v malefactor_n to_o repentance_n a_o house_n of_o correction_n strike_v more_o terror_n to_o a_o idle_a rogue_n than_o the_o gallow_n and_o to_o be_v chain_v to_o a_o oar_n than_o death_n itself_o xiii_o the_o imperfect_a division_n of_o punishment_n reject_v by_o that_o division_n which_o we_o have_v make_v of_o the_o end_n for_o which_o punishment_n be_v ordain_v it_o seem_v that_o somewhat_o be_v omit_v by_o the_o philosopher_n taurus_n out_o of_o who_o gellius_n say_v thus_o whensoever_o there_o shall_v appear_v in_o a_o malefactor_n great_a hope_n of_o reformation_n without_o punishment_n or_o no_o hope_n at_o all_o of_o his_o amendment_n or_o that_o there_o be_v no_o necessary_a cause_n to_o fear_v the_o dignity_n of_o the_o person_n against_o who_o the_o offence_n be_v commit_v shall_v be_v slight_v or_o contemn_v or_o that_o the_o sin_n be_v not_o such_o as_o require_v the_o impression_n of_o some_o necessary_a fear_n to_o preserve_v other_o from_o it_o then_o wherein_o soever_o it_o be_v that_o man_n offend_v it_o be_v not_o worth_a our_o study_n to_o inflict_v punishment_n for_o he_o seem_v thence_o to_o infer_v that_o punishment_n be_v needless_a if_o any_o one_o of_o these_o end_n be_v want_v whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a all_o these_o end_n must_v cease_v that_o there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o punishment_n beside_o he_o omit_v this_o end_n namely_o when_o a_o incorrigible_a sinner_n 〈◊〉_d take_v away_o to_o the_o end_n that_o he_o may_v not_o commit_v more_o or_o great_a sin_n and_o what_o he_o there_o say_v concern_v the_o loss_n of_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o person_n against_o who_o the_o sin_n be_v commit_v be_v to_o be_v extend_v to_o other_o damage_n which_o we_o may_v have_v just_a occasion_n to_o fear_v 21._o de_fw-fr clem._n lib._n 1._o c._n 21._o much_o better_a be_v that_o partition_n which_o seneca_n make_v in_o revenge_a injury_n say_v he_o the_o law_n look_v at_o three_o thing_n which_o every_o magistrate_n ought_v likewise_o to_o pursue_v namely_o that_o either_o he_o who_o we_o punish_v shall_v amend_v his_o life_n punish_v three_o end_n of_o punish_v or_o that_o by_o his_o punishment_n other_o shall_v be_v meliorate_v or_o that_o incorrigible_a malefactor_n be_v take_v away_o they_o that_o be_v innocent_a shall_v live_v more_o secure_o legatione_n in_o legatione_n the_o two_o former_a of_o these_o philo_n commemorate_v punishment_n ofttimes_o correct_v and_o amend_v a_o malefactor_n but_o if_o this_o fail_v it_o do_v certain_o meliorate_v those_o that_o come_v to_o the_o knowledge_n thereof_o for_o many_o man_n be_v instruct_v by_o other_o man_n harm_n and_o grow_v more_o watchful_a over_o themselves_o by_o fear_n of_o the_o like_a suffering_n but_o in_o that_o division_n of_o seneca_n if_o by_o those_o that_o be_v innocent_a we_o understand_v as_o well_o those_o who_o may_v hereafter_o be_v injure_v as_o those_o who_o have_v already_o be_v injure_v we_o have_v a_o full_a and_o perfect_a partition_n especial_o if_o to_o those_o two_o word_n take_v away_o we_o add_v or_o suppress_v for_o both_o exile_n imprisonment_n and_o whatsoever_o else_o it_o be_v whereby_o a_o man_n be_v disable_v to_o do_v wrong_n may_v be_v hither_o refer_v but_o that_o distribution_n which_o seneca_n elsewhere_o make_v be_v more_o imperfect_a where_o he_o say_v that_o in_o punishment_n this_o rule_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o some_o be_v inflict_v to_o reclaim_v those_o that_o be_v wicked_a other_o to_o take_v they_o away_o and_o yet_o that_o of_o quintilian_n be_v yet_o more_o imperfect_a that_o every_o punishment_n appertain_v not_o so_o much_o to_o the_o sin_n as_o for_o example_n fourteen_o not_o lawful_a for_o private_a christian_n to_o inflict_v capital_a punishment_n though_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n they_o may_v from_o what_o have_v
unless_o a_o great_a and_o just_a love_n of_o many_o persuade_v we_o otherwise_o for_o some_o cause_n that_o be_v external_a which_o sometime_o be_v some_o extreme_a danger_n that_o may_v arise_v from_o he_o who_o have_v offend_v but_o very_o often_o the_o necessity_n of_o a_o example_n but_o this_o most_o usual_o arise_v when_o the_o encouragement_n to_o any_o sin_n be_v general_a and_o can_v be_v repress_v without_o sharp_a and_o speedy_a remedy_n now_o the_o principal_a encouragement_n to_o sin_n be_v these_o two_o namely_o custom_n and_o facility_n xxxv_o custom_n &_o facility_n how_o they_o add_v or_o detract_v from_o the_o punishment_n of_o sin_n which_o two_o be_v so_o dangerous_a aught_o to_o be_v provide_v against_o by_o sharp_a and_o severe_a law_n the_o hebrew_a law_n do_v punish_v a_o thief_n more_o severe_o for_o steal_v sheep_n or_o ox_n out_o of_o the_o field_n than_o out_o of_o the_o house_n exod._n 22.1.9_o for_o he_o that_o steal_v out_o of_o the_o field_n be_v to_o restore_v four_o and_o fivefold_a but_o he_o that_o steal_v out_o of_o the_o house_n but_o double_a the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v because_o cattle_n in_o the_o field_n be_v more_o easy_o drive_v away_o and_o therefore_o have_v need_n to_o be_v secure_v by_o the_o severe_a law_n roscio_n orat._n pro_fw-la roscio_n those_o crime_n say_v cicero_n be_v to_o be_v fit_v with_o the_o severe_a punishment_n praecaventur_fw-la ea_fw-la maximè_fw-la animadvertenda_fw-la peccata_fw-la quae_fw-la difficilimè_fw-la praecaventur_fw-la which_o can_v be_v prevent_v without_o great_a difficulty_n so_o justin_n speak_v of_o the_o scythian_n say_v there_o be_v no_o crime_n so_o heinous_a as_o theft_n because_o to_o they_o who_o have_v neither_o house_n nor_o enclosure_n to_o secure_v their_o herd_n of_o cattle_n or_o their_o flock_n of_o sheep_n in_o what_o safety_n can_v there_o be_v if_o it_o be_v permit_v unto_o they_o to_o rob_v and_o steal_v much_o like_a unto_o that_o in_o aristotle_n problem_n where_o speak_v of_o such_o thief_n as_o frequent_v bath_n he_o say_v that_o the_o lawgiver_n consider_v that_o the_o owner_n can_v not_o in_o those_o place_n look_v after_o their_o thing_n wise_o commit_v they_o to_o the_o safeguard_n of_o severe_a law_n and_o according_o we_o find_v that_o these_o balneary_a thief_n be_v in_o athens_n punish_v with_o death_n if_o what_o they_o there_o steal_v be_v above_o the_o value_n of_o ten_o drachma_n as_o demosthenes_n testify_v against_o timocrates_n the_o custom_n of_o a_o fact_n although_o it_o detract_v somewhat_o from_o the_o crime_n for_o as_o pliny_n speak_v in_o such_o a_o case_n he_o give_v he_o his_o pardon_n and_o that_o not_o without_o reason_n for_o though_o the_o fact_n be_v forbid_v by_o the_o law_n yet_o be_v it_o common_o commit_v and_o not_o punish_v yet_o do_v it_o require_v in_o some_o sort_n to_o have_v be_v severe_o punish_v because_o as_o saturninus_n speak_v nimium_fw-la multis_fw-la grassantibus_fw-la opus_fw-la exemplo_fw-la est_fw-la when_o a_o sin_n begin_v to_o spread_v and_o malefactor_n grow_v numerous_a than_o some_o exemplary_a punishment_n seem_v necessary_a for_o as_o a_o hotheaded_a horse_n have_v need_n of_o a_o strong_a rein_n so_o the_o more_o public_a and_o customary_a a_o sin_n grow_v the_o sharp_a shall_v be_v the_o punishment_n to_o suppress_v it_o but_o the_o former_a that_o be_v clemency_n in_o acquit_v offender_n be_v more_o to_o be_v follow_v in_o give_v sentence_n and_o shall_v be_v our_o guide_n in_o pass_a judgement_n but_o the_o law_n themselves_o ought_v to_o be_v severe_a and_o impartial_a yet_o with_o due_a regard_n have_v to_o the_o time_n when_o those_o law_n or_o judgement_n be_v make_v and_o publish_v because_o the_o benefit_n that_o arise_v by_o punishment_n have_v respect_n to_o the_o universality_n as_o all_o law_n also_o have_v but_o offence_n do_v vary_v and_o be_v not_o the_o same_o in_o every_o offender_n for_o in_o some_o they_o be_v great_a and_o in_o some_o less_o xxxvi_o clemency_n in_o the_o mitigation_n of_o punishment_n but_o where_o there_o be_v no_o great_a or_o urgent_a cause_n to_o exact_v the_o severity_n of_o the_o law_n there_o we_o shall_v incline_v to_o mitigate_v punishment_n for_o herein_o consist_v one_o part_n of_o clemency_n the_o other_o part_n consist_v in_o their_o total_a remission_n because_o it_o be_v a_o difficult_a thing_n to_o find_v out_o a_o equal_a temperament_n between_o the_o sin_n and_o the_o punishment_n say_v seneca_n therefore_o let_v the_o inequality_n be_v always_o on_o the_o gentle_a side_n 1._o de_fw-fr clem._n l._n 1._o c._n 1._o and_o in_o another_o place_n poenam_fw-la si_fw-la quis_fw-la tutò_fw-la poterit_fw-la condonet_fw-la sin_v minus_fw-la temperet_fw-la if_o it_o may_v safe_o be_v do_v the_o best_a way_n be_v to_o forgive_v if_o that_o can_v be_v the_o next_o be_v to_o lessen_v the_o punishment_n in_o diodorus_n siculus_n we_o find_v one_o of_o the_o king_n of_o egypt_n high_o commend_v for_o inflict_a punishment_n less_o than_o the_o sin_n deserve_v so_o justin_n in_o his_o epistle_n to_o the_o huns_n the_o manner_n of_o the_o roman_n be_v not_o to_o exact_v punishment_n equal_a to_o the_o merit_n of_o the_o offender_n and_o indeed_o as_o i_o have_v before_o observe_v there_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o mercy_n even_o in_o the_o mitigation_n of_o punishment_n the_o lesser_a lose_v much_o of_o their_o name_n and_o nature_n where_o the_o sin_n deserve_v great_a it_o be_v say_v of_o marcus_n antoninus_n that_o his_o custom_n be_v always_o to_o award_v punishment_n somewhat_o lesser_a than_o the_o crime_n deserve_v or_o the_o law_n require_v and_o isaeus_n the_o orator_n be_v wont_a to_o say_v that_o the_o law_n ought_v to_o be_v severe_a but_o the_o punishment_n always_o mild_a than_o the_o law_n the_o like_a by_o way_n of_o advice_n we_o find_v in_o isocrates_n to_o make_v the_o punishment_n always_o less_o rigorous_a than_o the_o sin_n be_v heinous_a this_o be_v it_o which_o be_v intend_v by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n under_o the_o symbol_n of_o a_o pomegranet-tree_n with_o this_o word_n subacre_n very_o sharp_a and_o cassiodore_n report_v it_o of_o a_o king_n 40._o lib._n 11._o 40._o who_o be_v often_o hear_v to_o say_v where_o there_o be_v danger_n we_o be_v severe_a but_o where_o we_o be_v safe_a we_o always_o pardon_v when_o some_o donatist_n be_v apprehend_v and_o bring_v before_o marcellinus_n for_o whip_v a_o catholic_n priest_n put_v out_o one_o of_o his_o eye_n and_o cut_v off_o one_o of_o his_o finger_n circumcelliones_fw-la ep._n 159._o grat._n c._n 23._o q._n 5._o circumcelliones_fw-la st_n augustine_n fear_v that_o he_o shall_v have_v proceed_v against_o they_o by_o way_n of_o retaliation_n humble_o beseech_v marcellinus_n that_o he_o will_v not_o do_v so_o nor_o suffer_v any_o such_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v for_o nothing_o say_v he_o more_o become_v a_o prince_n than_o clemency_n and_o as_o macedonius_n tell_v st_n augustine_n it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o a_o priest_n to_o intercede_v for_o the_o guilty_a xxxvii_o to_o these_o be_v refer_v whatsoever_o the_o roman_n or_o hebrew_n have_v write_v concern_v punishment_n thus_o have_v we_o i_o hope_v omit_v nothing_o that_o may_v conduce_v to_o the_o clear_n of_o this_o argument_n of_o itself_o difficult_a and_o obscure_a enough_o for_o those_o four_o thing_n which_o as_o maimonides_n say_v ought_v principal_o to_o be_v regard_v in_o punishment_n namely_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o sin_n that_o be_v the_o damage_n give_v the_o frequency_n of_o such_o sinner_n the_o vehemency_n of_o the_o temptation_n and_o the_o facility_n of_o commit_v it_o we_o have_v refer_v to_o their_o proper_a place_n no_o less_o than_o those_o seven_o mention_v by_o saturninus_n though_o confuse_o enough_o for_o first_o as_o to_o the_o person_n offend_v he_o be_v consider_v principal_o in_o his_o aptitude_n to_o judge_v of_o the_o cause_n exciting_a to_o or_o restrain_v from_o sin_n whereof_o we_o have_v treat_v before_o the_o person_n suffer_v by_o that_o sin_n do_v sometime_o guide_v we_o to_o judge_v of_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o sin_n 31._o sect._n 31._o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v commit_v do_v either_o peculiarly_a aggravate_v it_o or_o appertain_v likewise_o to_o the_o facility_n of_o sin_v 30._o sect._n 30._o for_o it_o be_v not_o the_o same_o thing_n say_v philo_n to_o offer_v violence_n to_o a_o stranger_n as_o to_o one_o own_o father_n nor_o be_v it_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o speak_v evil_a of_o a_o private_a man_n as_o of_o a_o magistrate_n or_o to_o commit_v a_o unlawful_a thing_n in_o a_o common_a or_o profane_a place_n as_o in_o a_o sacred_a or_o on_o a_o holy_a day_n as_o on_o another_o day_n in_o a_o private_a house_n as_o in_o a_o public_a assembly_n for_o as_o ulpian_n observe_v there_o be_v great_a difference_n between_o a_o injury_n commit_v in_o the_o view_n of_o
be_v so_o forbid_v but_o be_v such_o rather_o as_o be_v interdict_v by_o the_o divine_a law_n in_o which_o number_n we_o may_v haply_o place_v the_o sin_n of_o fornication_n and_o some_o of_o those_o sin_n which_o we_o esteem_v to_o be_v incest_n usury_n etc._n etc._n thus_o asterius_n bishop_n of_o amasea_n they_o that_o yield_v obedience_n unto_o the_o civil_a law_n of_o prince_n only_o do_v leave_v whoredom_n unpunished_a so_o likewise_o st_n hierome_n to_o oceanus_n 9_o vide_fw-la hier._n ad_fw-la oceanum_fw-la supra_fw-la c._n 5._o sect_n 9_o the_o law_n of_o temporal_a prince_n let_v loose_v the_o reins_o of_o unbridled_a lust_n and_o condemn_v adultery_n only_o suffer_v man_n to_o run_v every_o where_o to_o stew_n and_o brothel-house_n without_o control_n as_o if_o it_o be_v the_o dignity_n that_o make_v the_o crime_n and_o not_o the_o will_n but_o with_o we_o what_o be_v unlawful_a for_o woman_n be_v likewise_o so_o for_o man_n the_o same_o yoke_n bind_v both_o to_o the_o same_o condition_n xliii_o in_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n we_o ought_v to_o distinguish_v between_o thing_n that_o be_v clear_a and_o that_o be_v obscure_a the_o three_o caution_n be_v that_o we_o diligent_o distinguish_v between_o those_o general_a maxim_n of_o reason_n that_o be_v manifest_a of_o themselves_o as_o this_o that_o every_o man_n ought_v to_o live_v honest_o that_o be_v according_a to_o the_o dictate_v of_o natural_a reason_n and_o other_o that_o be_v near_a unto_o these_o but_o so_o manifest_a that_o they_o can_v admit_v of_o no_o doubt_v such_o as_o this_o that_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o take_v away_o from_o another_o that_o which_o be_v he_o and_o between_o those_o maxim_n which_o be_v not_o of_o themselves_o so_o clear_a but_o must_v be_v collect_v from_o those_o before_o mention_v by_o consequence_n whereof_o some_o be_v easy_o draw_v as_o this_o admitting_z matrimony_n it_o follow_v that_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o commit_v adultery_n which_o be_v so_o general_o receive_v that_o as_o philo_n testify_v in_o the_o life_n of_o joseph_n it_o be_v every_o where_o punish_v and_o lactantius_n tell_v we_o that_o to_o defile_v the_o marriagebed_n be_v condemn_v by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o nation_n other_o though_o as_o true_a yet_o be_v not_o so_o manifest_o true_a because_o our_o assent_n unto_o they_o can_v be_v gain_v but_o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o three_o or_o four_o consequence_n as_o this_o that_o that_o revenge_n that_o do_v acquiesce_v in_o another_o man_n grief_n be_v vicious_a it_o be_v here_o almost_o as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o mathematics_n wherein_o some_o thing_n be_v of_o the_o first_o notion_n or_o next_o unto_o the_o first_o some_o be_v demonstration_n which_o be_v immediate_o both_o understand_v and_o assent_v unto_o but_o some_o other_o though_o true_a yet_o be_v not_o so_o evident_a unto_o all_o therefore_o as_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n our_o ignorance_n of_o the_o law_n or_o of_o the_o true_a meaning_n of_o the_o law_n do_v in_o part_n excuse_v we_o so_o concern_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n there_o be_v the_o same_o reason_n that_o our_o weakness_n to_o collect_v what_o be_v thereby_o forbid_v by_o such_o consequence_n or_o what_o a_o ill_a education_n have_v ingenerate_v in_o we_o shall_v also_o excuse_v we_o for_o as_o st_n hierome_n well_o observe_v vnaquaeque_fw-la gens_n hoc_fw-la legem_fw-la naturae_fw-la putat_fw-la quod_fw-la didicit_fw-la every_o nation_n think_v that_o to_o be_v the_o law_n of_o nature_n which_o it_o first_o imbibe_n now_o our_o ignorance_n of_o the_o law_n as_o it_o take_v away_o a_o sin_n if_o it_o be_v inevitable_a so_o also_o it_o diminish_v a_o sin_n though_o it_o be_v cause_v by_o some_o neglect_n and_o therefore_o those_o that_o be_v corrupt_v by_o some_o evil_a education_n aristotle_n compare_v to_o such_o who_o appetite_n be_v vitiate_a by_o some_o malignant_a distemper_n and_o plutarch_n observe_v that_o there_o be_v some_o disease_n of_o the_o mind_n that_o violent_o hurry_v a_o man_n from_o his_o natural_a constitution_n last_o this_o also_o be_v to_o be_v note_v which_o i_o say_v once_o but_o shall_v not_o often_o repeat_v that_o those_o war_n which_o be_v undertake_v for_o the_o exact_v of_o punishment_n unless_o the_o injury_n that_o be_v do_v be_v very_o great_a very_o manifest_a or_o back_v with_o some_o other_o cause_n be_v always_o suspect_v to_o be_v unjust_a for_o what_o mithridates_n say_v of_o the_o roman_n be_v oftentimes_o too_o true_a non_fw-la delicta_fw-la regum_fw-la illos_fw-la sed_fw-la vires_fw-la ac_fw-la majestatem_fw-la insequi_fw-la it_o be_v not_o the_o fault_n of_o prince_n do_v in_o such_o case_n then_o we_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v too_o severe_a chastiser_n of_o other_o man_n infirmity_n but_o rather_o pity_v their_o ignorance_n and_o their_o ill_a education_n pray_v for_o they_o as_o st._n stephen_n do_v for_o his_o persecutor_n father_n forgive_v they_o for_o they_o know_v not_o what_o they_o do_v but_o their_o power_n and_o majesty_n that_o they_o persecute_v xliv_o whether_o war_n may_v be_v make_v for_o offence_n against_o god_n our_o propose_a method_n now_o guide_v we_o to_o crime_n commit_v against_o god_n and_o to_o inquire_v whether_o for_o the_o punishment_n of_o such_o a_o war_n may_v just_o be_v undertake_v covarruvius_fw-la handle_v this_o question_n at_o large_a but_o be_v sway_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o other_o he_o hold_v that_o this_o punitive_a power_n can_v subsist_v but_o where_o there_o be_v a_o jurisdiction_n proper_o so_o call_v which_o we_o have_v already_o reject_v whence_o it_o follow_v that_o as_o in_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o church_n the_o bishop_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n say_v to_o take_v upon_o they_o the_o care_n of_o the_o universal_a church_n for_o so_o st_n cyprian_n speak_v it_o become_v we_o to_o watch_v over_o the_o whole_a body_n of_o the_o church_n who_o member_n be_v disperse_v into_o several_a province_n and_o again_o there_o be_v but_o one_o episcopacy_n whereof_o every_o one_o hold_v his_o part_n entire_o so_o beside_o the_o charge_n of_o their_o particular_a dominion_n king_n may_v be_v say_v to_o assume_v the_o general_a care_n of_o all_o humane_a society_n but_o a_o better_a argument_n bring_v by_o such_o as_o deny_v such_o a_o war_n to_o be_v lawful_a be_v this_o that_o god_n alone_o be_v sufficient_a to_o punish_v such_o sin_n as_o be_v commit_v against_o himself_o for_o deorum_fw-la injuriae_fw-la diis_fw-la curae_fw-la &_o perjurium_fw-la satis_fw-la habet_fw-la deum_fw-la ultorem_fw-la the_o affront_v commit_v against_o god_n god_n take_v care_n of_o and_o it_o suffice_v that_o god_n himself_o be_v the_o avenger_n of_o perjury_n but_o we_o must_v observe_v that_o so_o it_o may_v be_v say_v of_o any_o other_o sin_n god_n without_o doubt_n be_v sufficient_o able_a to_o punish_v they_o and_o yet_o we_o see_v that_o the_o law_n be_v just_o and_o due_o exercise_v upon_o such_o offender_n by_o magistrate_n in_o all_o nation_n none_o dissent_v but_o against_o this_o some_o reply_n that_o those_o punishment_n be_v inflict_v not_o so_o much_o for_o offence_n commit_v against_o god_n as_o because_o of_o the_o damage_n thereby_o do_v unto_o man_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o not_o only_o those_o offence_n which_o be_v commit_v against_o other_o direct_o be_v punish_v by_o humane_a law_n but_o those_o also_o which_o may_v by_o consequence_n be_v prejudicial_a to_o other_o as_o self-murder_n sodomy_n and_o the_o like_a for_o though_o the_o principal_a end_n and_o scope_n of_o religion_n be_v to_o purchase_v the_o grace_n and_o favour_n of_o god_n yet_o have_v it_o also_o a_o very_a strong_a influence_n and_o work_v many_o notable_a effect_n upon_o humane_a society_n plato_n call_v it_o the_o fortress_n and_o bulwark_n of_o all_o power_n and_o jurisdiction_n and_o the_o very_a bond_n of_o good_a discipline_n plutarch_n call_v it_o the_o cement_n of_o all_o humane_a society_n and_o the_o very_a foundation_n and_o groundwork_n of_o the_o legislative_a power_n philo_n say_v it_o be_v the_o most_o effectual_a charm_n to_o procure_v love_n and_o that_o the_o worship_n of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o god_n be_v the_o most_o indissoluble_a band_n of_o friendship_n whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a heu_fw-la primae_fw-la scelerum_fw-la causae_fw-la mortalibus_fw-la aegris_fw-la naturam_fw-la nescire_fw-la dei_fw-la all_o wickedness_n '_o among_o mortal_n hence_o do_v flow_v that_o the_o most_o righteous_a god_n we_o do_v not_o know_v every_o false_a opinion_n concern_v religion_n say_v plutarch_n be_v dangerous_a and_o if_o it_o be_v accompany_v with_o perturbation_n of_o mind_n most_o pernicious_a but_o to_o have_v one_o and_o the_o same_o opinion_n concern_v the_o worship_n of_o god_n and_o to_o differ_v nothing_o in_o life_n and_o manner_n from_o each_o other_o do_v produce_v the_o most_o perfect_a harmony_n and_o agreement_n among_o man_n as_o
samian_o after_o three_o age_n they_o injury_n do_v shall_v not_o be_v revenge_v but_o on_o those_o that_o do_v they_o from_o all_o which_o we_o may_v conclude_v that_o the_o memory_n of_o injury_n do_v we_o ought_v not_o to_o outlive_v the_o person_n that_o do_v they_o neither_o will_v those_o argument_n bring_v by_o plutarch_n in_o defence_n of_o the_o revenge_n take_v by_o god_n upon_o posterity_n for_o the_o sin_n of_o their_o ancestor_n serve_v to_o justify_v the_o like_a in_o man_n because_o there_o be_v not_o the_o same_o right_n between_o man_n and_o man_n as_o there_o be_v between_o god_n and_o man_n neither_o will_v it_o necessary_o follow_v that_o because_o our_o child_n do_v receive_v honour_n and_o reward_n for_o the_o virtuous_a act_n of_o their_o forefather_n therefore_o they_o may_v be_v just_o punish_v for_o their_o fault_n because_o such_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o a_o courtesy_n or_o benefit_n that_o it_o may_v be_v confer_v upon_o any_o man_n without_o injury_n but_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o punishment_n be_v not_o so_o ix_o whether_o a_o man_n may_v partake_v of_o the_o punishment_n though_o not_o of_o the_o crime_n thus_o have_v show_v by_o what_o mean_v a_o man_n may_v partake_v of_o the_o punishment_n by_o be_v make_v accessary_a to_o the_o sin_n of_o another_o now_o we_o intend_v to_o show_v how_o a_o man_n may_v be_v involve_v in_o the_o punishment_n though_o he_o be_v no_o way_n accessary_a to_o his_o sin_n and_o here_o to_o avoid_v mistake_n and_o that_o we_o may_v not_o confound_v thing_n in_o their_o own_o nature_n distinct_a because_o they_o be_v alike_o in_o name_n we_o must_v walk_v cautious_o as_o to_o some_o particular_n x._o that_o which_o come_v direct_o distinguish_v from_o that_o which_o come_v by_o consequence_n as_o in_o the_o first_o place_n we_o must_v distinguish_v between_o that_o damage_n that_o be_v purposely_o and_o direct_o do_v and_o that_o which_o come_v by_o consequence_n that_o i_o account_v a_o wrong_n direct_o do_v when_o that_o be_v take_v away_o whereunto_o a_o man_n have_v a_o peculiar_a right_n and_o that_o i_o call_v a_o wrong_n do_v by_o consequence_n when_o a_o man_n be_v deprive_v of_o that_o which_o otherwise_o he_o may_v have_v have_v that_o condition_n cease_v without_o which_o he_o can_v have_v no_o right_a or_o title_n a_o example_n whereof_o ulpian_n give_v we_o thus_o if_o by_o dig_v a_o well_o in_o my_o own_o ground_n i_o cut_v off_o or_o intercept_v the_o spring_n that_o feed_v my_o neighbour_n well_o the_o damage_n he_o sustain_v be_v not_o occasion_v direct_o by_o any_o illegal_a act_n of_o i_o but_o by_o the_o lawful_a use_n of_o that_o wherein_o i_o have_v a_o proper_a and_o peculiar_a right_n as_o be_v my_o own_o and_o in_o another_o place_n there_o be_v a_o great_a difference_n between_o the_o do_v of_o a_o injury_n and_o the_o prohibit_v a_o man_n to_o make_v the_o profit_n which_o he_o have_v hitherto_o be_v permit_v to_o make_v and_o it_o be_v very_o preposterous_a say_v paulus_n the_o lawyer_n to_o account_v ourselves_o rich_a before_o we_o have_v acquire_v those_o riches_n as_o when_o a_o father_n run_v into_o a_o praemunire_n by_o do_v that_o for_o which_o his_o estate_n be_v just_o confiscate_v his_o child_n may_v feel_v the_o loss_n it_o be_v true_a but_o the_o loss_n be_v not_o proper_o their_o punishment_n because_o the_o good_n can_v not_o proper_o be_v account_v they_o unless_o they_o have_v continue_v to_o have_v be_v their_o father_n to_o the_o hour_n of_o his_o death_n which_o be_v well_o observe_v by_o alphenus_n when_o he_o say_v the_o child_n indeed_o do_v suffer_v through_o the_o default_n of_o their_o father_n but_o that_o they_o do_v not_o inherit_v that_o which_o shall_v otherwise_o have_v descend_v unto_o they_o be_v not_o proper_o the_o child_n punishment_n but_o their_o parent_n but_o those_o good_n which_o accrue_v unto_o they_o not_o from_o their_o parent_n but_o either_o from_o nature_n custom_n or_o education_n do_v notwithstanding_o their_o father_n fault_n remain_v perfect_o they_o cicero_n write_v that_o themistocles_n his_o child_n suffer_v want_v nor_o do_v he_o think_v it_o unjust_a that_o lepidus_n his_o child_n shall_v do_v the_o like_a and_o this_o he_o affirm_v to_o be_v a_o ancient_a custom_n and_o observe_v in_o all_o city_n which_o notwithstanding_o the_o late_a roman_a law_n have_v somewhat_o moderate_v so_o when_o through_o the_o default_n of_o the_o major_a part_n which_o as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o represent_v and_o have_v the_o power_n of_o the_o whole_a the_o whole_a offend_v and_o upon_o that_o account_n lose_v their_o civil_a liberty_n i._n e._n their_o wall_n port_n and_o other_o commodity_n those_o particular_a person_n who_o be_v innocent_a do_v indeed_o bear_v a_o equal_a share_n in_o the_o loss_n but_o yet_o in_o those_o thing_n only_o which_o appertain_v not_o unto_o they_o but_o as_o they_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a xi_o what_o befall_v we_o by_o the_o occasion_n of_o a_o crime_n distinguish_v from_o that_o which_o befall_v we_o because_o of_o the_o crime_n beside_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o sometime_o some_o evil_n be_v to_o be_v impose_v on_o a_o man_n or_o some_o good_a take_v from_o he_o by_o the_o occasion_n of_o another_o sin_n yet_o so_o that_o that_o sin_n be_v not_o the_o immediate_a cause_n of_o that_o action_n as_o to_o the_o very_o right_o of_o do_v it_o as_o he_o that_o pass_v his_o word_n for_o the_o debt_n of_o another_o suffer_v not_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o debt_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o engagement_n according_a to_o our_o proverb_n a_o surety_n be_v a_o sure_a tie_n for_o as_o he_o that_o pass_v his_o word_n for_o a_o buyer_n be_v not_o bind_v by_o the_o purchase_n but_o by_o his_o own_o free_a promise_n so_o he_o that_o undertake_v for_o a_o delinquent_n may_v suffer_v est_fw-la sponde_v noxa_fw-la praesto_fw-la est_fw-la not_o for_o his_o delinquency_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o vadimony_n or_o susception_n which_o as_o it_o be_v in_o his_o own_o free_a power_n to_o do_v or_o not_o to_o do_v so_o be_v do_v it_o shall_v no_o less_o oblige_v he_o than_o the_o offence_n do_v the_o delinquent_n now_o the_o ground_n of_o this_o be_v the_o power_n and_o freedom_n that_o every_o man_n have_v to_o oblige_v himself_o and_o therefore_o the_o measure_n of_o his_o suffering_n be_v not_o to_o be_v take_v from_o the_o heinousness_n of_o another_o fault_n but_o from_o the_o power_n he_o have_v to_o oblige_v himself_o the_o consequence_n whereof_o be_v that_o no_o man_n can_v just_o be_v put_v to_o death_n by_o be_v a_o surety_n for_o another_o who_o crime_n may_v happy_o deserve_v death_n because_o no_o man_n can_v just_o oblige_v himself_o beyond_o what_o be_v in_o his_o power_n but_o this_o power_n over_o a_o man_n life_n either_o to_o take_v it_o away_o from_o himself_o or_o to_o oblige_v another_o to_o take_v it_o away_o from_o he_o no_o man_n have_v and_o therefore_o no_o man_n can_v just_o be_v put_v to_o death_n by_o reason_n of_o such_o a_o vademony_n and_o this_o i_o hold_v to_o be_v the_o true_a opinion_n though_o it_o seem_v that_o not_o the_o ancient_a roman_n only_o but_o the_o grecian_n and_o hebrew_n also_o be_v of_o another_o mind_n who_o believe_v that_o even_o the_o surety_n also_o may_v just_o be_v adjudge_v to_o death_n as_o appear_v by_o that_o ancient_a story_n of_o damon_n and_o pythias_n and_o by_o those_o word_n of_o reuben_n to_o his_o father_n jacob_n 3._o jos_n ant._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 3._o slay_v my_o two_o son_n if_o i_o bring_v he_o not_o back_o unto_o thou_o 42.37_o thou_o gen._n 42.37_o whereunto_o st_n augustine_n 14._o augustine_n ep._n 54._o ad_fw-la macedonium_n see_v lib._n 3._o c._n 4._o §._o 14._o allude_v where_o he_o say_v that_o he_o that_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o another_o death_n be_v sometime_o a_o great_a sinner_n than_o he_o that_o kill_v he_o as_o when_o a_o malefactor_n leave_v his_o surety_n to_o suffer_v that_o lawful_a punishment_n which_o himself_o shall_v undergo_v as_o it_o fall_v out_o frequent_o with_o hostage_n as_o we_o shall_v show_v anon_o neither_o do_v this_o power_n of_o oblige_v a_o man_n self_n extend_v to_o mutilation_n for_o no_o man_n have_v such_o a_o power_n over_o his_o bodily_a member_n as_o to_o cut_v they_o off_o unless_o it_o be_v for_o the_o conservation_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n but_o whatsoever_o any_o man_n have_v a_o full_a and_o absolute_a power_n over_o he_o may_v engage_v for_o another_o and_o if_o he_o suffer_v thereby_o it_o be_v not_o by_o way_n of_o punishment_n but_o by_o way_n of_o equity_n which_o require_v that_o what_o be_v promise_v shall_v be_v perform_v thus_o a_o man_n may_v forfeit_v his_o estate_n his_o liberty_n his_o good_n
of_o israel_n 138._o quaest_n ad_fw-la orthod_n 138._o and_o have_v absolute_a power_n over_o their_o life_n take_v they_o away_o by_o the_o pestilence_n thereby_o punish_v both_o prince_n and_o people_n for_o as_o a_o good_a christian_a author_n say_v well_o king_n be_v never_o more_o severe_o punish_v than_o when_o they_o be_v punish_v in_o their_o subject_n and_o this_o be_v as_o just_a with_o god_n as_o it_o be_v with_o man_n ordinary_o to_o be_v whip_v on_o the_o back_n for_o a_o offence_n commit_v by_o the_o hand_n or_o as_o it_o be_v with_o a_o physician_n to_o burn_v a_o man_n on_o the_o great_a toe_n to_o cure_v he_o of_o a_o pain_n in_o the_o hip_n as_o plutarch_n make_v the_o comparison_n but_o why_o this_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o man_n we_o have_v already_o show_v xviii_o nor_n dissenter_n for_o the_o sin_n of_o the_o major_a part_n the_o self_n same_o may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o punishment_n of_o such_o particular_a person_n in_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v proper_o their_o own_o as_o do_v not_o consent_v unto_o those_o injury_n that_o be_v commit_v by_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o people_n xix_o the_o heir_n not_o oblige_v to_o his_o father_n punishment_n as_o such_o and_o why_o but_o why_o the_o heir_n that_o be_v obnoxious_a to_o other_o debt_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o this_o of_o punishment_n the_o true_a cause_n be_v because_o the_o heir_n represent_v the_o person_n of_o the_o decease_a not_o in_o merit_n which_o be_v mere_o personal_a but_o in_o his_o good_n whereunto_o that_o those_o also_o that_o be_v owe_v unto_o any_o man_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o very_a inequality_n of_o thing_n shall_v cohere_v be_v at_o the_o first_o by_o a_o general_a consent_n introduce_v with_o dominion_n itself_o rhodiana_n orat._n rhodiana_n for_o as_o dion_n prusiensis_fw-la observe_v whatsoever_o be_v owe_v by_o the_o father_n be_v no_o less_o due_a from_o his_o posterity_n neither_o can_v you_o just_o charge_v it_o upon_o we_o that_o we_o have_v renounce_v our_o inheritance_n so_o likewise_o cicero_n there_o be_v no_o person_n so_o fit_a to_o succeed_v in_o the_o room_n of_o the_o decease_a as_o the_o right_a heir_n xx._n yet_o he_o be_v if_o that_o punishment_n be_v change_v into_o some_o other_o kind_n of_o debt_n hence_o it_o follow_v that_o if_o beyond_o the_o merit_n there_o appear_v any_o new_a cause_n of_o obligation_n than_o even_o that_o contain_v in_o the_o punishment_n may_v be_v just_o due_a though_o not_o proper_o as_o a_o punishment_n so_o we_o have_v see_v that_o sometime_o after_o the_o sentence_n be_v past_a and_o sometime_o after_o the_o matter_n of_o fact_n be_v sufficient_o prove_v in_o such_o thing_n as_o will_v admit_v of_o a_o composition_n the_o mulct_n or_o pecuniary_a punishment_n shall_v be_v recover_v from_o the_o heir_n as_o even_o that_o also_o which_o be_v draw_v into_o that_o agreement_n because_o there_o now_o appear_v a_o new_a cause_n of_o obligation_n chap._n xxii_o of_o cause_n of_o war_n that_o be_v unjust_a i._o the_o difference_n between_o cause_n that_o be_v just_a and_o such_o as_o be_v suasory_n only_o explain_v ii_o the_o war_n that_o have_v neither_o of_o these_o be_v brutish_a iii_o that_o war_n that_o have_v cause_n suasory_n only_o not_o justify_v be_v predary_n iv_o there_o be_v some_o cause_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v just_a which_o be_v not_o v._o as_o uncertain_a fear_n vi_o profit_n without_o necessity_n vii_o the_o denial_n of_o wife_n where_o there_o be_v plenty_n of_o woman_n viii_o the_o desire_n to_o plant_v in_o a_o better_a soil_n ix_o the_o find_v out_o of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v preoccupyed_n by_o other_o x._o what_o if_o those_o pre-occupier_n be_v altogether_o mad_a xi_o the_o desire_n of_o liberty_n no_o just_a cause_n in_o such_o as_o be_v subject_n xii_o nor_o the_o desire_n to_o rule_v over_o other_o without_o their_o consent_n though_o for_o their_o good_a xiii_o nor_o the_o title_n of_o be_v universal_a monarch_n which_o some_o have_v give_v to_o the_o emperor_n which_o be_v refute_v fourteen_o which_o other_o give_v to_o the_o church_n which_o be_v also_o refute_v xv._o as_o also_o a_o pretence_n to_o fulfil_v some_o prophecy_n without_o a_o special_a command_n from_o god_n xvi_o as_o also_o a_o pretence_n of_o some_o due_a debt_n though_o not_o in_o strictness_n of_o right_n but_o some_o other_o way_n vii_o the_o difference_n between_o a_o war_n who_o cause_n be_v unjust_a and_o that_o which_o be_v some_o other_o way_n unjust_a and_o the_o divers_a effect_n of_o both_o i._o the_o difference_n between_o the_o true_a and_o the_o pretend_a cause_n of_o war._n of_o the_o cause_n of_o war_n some_o be_v as_o i_o have_v say_v above_o 1._o above_o lib._n 2._o c._n 1._o justify_v some_o suasory_n only_o those_o that_o be_v unjust_a have_v notwithstanding_o always_o some_o specious_a pretence_n or_o other_o to_o make_v the_o war_n to_o appear_v just_a which_o polybius_n call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o other_o he_o call_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o the_o true_a cause_n which_o ofttimes_o lie_v couchant_a whilst_o something_o that_o be_v more_o plausible_a be_v expose_v to_o the_o public_a view_n as_o in_o the_o war_n which_o alexander_n make_v against_o darius_n the_o preface_n or_o pretence_n be_v to_o revenge_v some_o wrong_n which_o the_o persian_n have_v long_o before_o do_v unto_o the_o grecian_n but_o the_o true_a cause_n be_v ambition_n and_o a_o vehement_a thirst_n after_o sovereignty_n and_o riches_n which_o also_o be_v very_o much_o heighten_v by_o the_o facility_n of_o the_o enterprise_n which_o he_o collect_v from_o the_o success_n which_o both_o xenophon_n and_o agesilaus_n have_v before_o in_o their_o several_a expedition_n thucydides_n distinguish_v they_o into_o the_o outward_a show_n and_o the_o inward_a truth_n as_o when_o the_o athenian_n make_v war_n against_o sicily_n they_o open_o declare_v that_o it_o be_v only_o to_o aid_v the_o aegestan_n but_o the_o naked_a truth_n be_v to_o gain_v sicily_n to_o themselves_o appian_n also_o have_v the_o very_a same_o expression_n in_o the_o war_n make_v between_o the_o roman_n and_o mithridates_n and_o also_o in_o his_o five_o book_n of_o their_o civil_a war_n where_o speak_v of_o the_o peace_n break_v between_o octavius_n and_o sextus_n pompeius_n he_o say_v that_o there_o be_v some_o cause_n which_o be_v true_a but_o latent_fw-la and_o other_o that_o be_v feign_v and_o pretend_v only_o the_o one_o be_v but_o as_o a_o cloak_n or_o vizard_n the_o other_o be_v the_o real_a purpose_n and_o intention_n it_o be_v true_a what_o procopius_n in_o his_o persian_a war_n say_v 2._o lib._n 2._o stultum_fw-la est_fw-la non_fw-la libere_fw-la loqui_fw-la ubi_fw-la justitia_fw-la dux_fw-la est_fw-la comes_fw-la utilitas_fw-la it_o be_v but_o folly_n to_o dissemble_v where_o justice_n be_v our_o guide_n and_o profit_v our_o companion_n the_o pretence_n of_o the_o second_o punic_a war_n be_v a_o contest_v about_o saguntum_n but_o the_o true_a cause_n be_v the_o secret_a disgust_n which_o the_o carthaginian_n have_v against_o the_o roman_n for_o the_o hard_a condition_n they_o have_v impose_v on_o they_o in_o the_o low_a ebb_n of_o their_o fortune_n and_o the_o great_a confidence_n they_o have_v in_o their_o own_o strength_n upon_o some_o prosperous_a success_n they_o then_o have_v in_o spain_n as_o polybius_n observe_v the_o same_o distinction_n we_o find_v use_v by_o livy_n 7._o liv._o lib._n 7._o in_o the_o oration_n make_v by_o the_o campane_n to_o the_o roman_n concern_v their_o engagement_n against_o the_o samnite_n which_o they_o pretend_v to_o be_v only_o to_o assist_v the_o sedicine_n but_o their_o main_a end_n be_v their_o own_o defence_n because_o they_o foresee_v that_o when_o their_o neighbour_n house_n be_v burn_v the_o fire_n will_v quick_o reach_v they_o so_o when_o antiochus_n make_v war_n against_o the_o roman_n his_o pretence_n be_v to_o revenge_v the_o death_n of_o barcilla_n and_o some_o other_o wrong_v receive_v 36._o lib._n 36._o but_o the_o true_a cause_n be_v the_o great_a hope_n he_o have_v to_o make_v some_o advantage_n to_o himself_o of_o the_o looseness_n of_o the_o roman_a discipline_n and_z and_o plutarch_n observe_v that_o when_o cicero_n object_v against_o anthony_n that_o he_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o civil_a war_n it_o be_v but_o a_o pretence_n for_o caesar_n resolve_v to_o make_v war_n take_v only_o his_o pretence_n from_o anthony_n ii_o a_o war_n without_o any_o cause_n be_v brutish_a some_o there_o be_v that_o be_v carry_v headlong_o into_o war_n without_o either_o of_o these_o cause_n periculorum_fw-la propter_fw-la se_fw-la avidi_fw-la that_o delight_n only_o in_o sweat_n and_o blood_n and_o that_o live_v whole_o upon_o spoil_n and_o rapine_n this_o be_v a_o vice_n so_o much_o beneath_o the_o nature_n of_o mankind_n that_o aristotle_n call_v it_o 〈◊〉_d
that_o prudence_n that_o christ_n command_v to_o his_o disciple_n where_o he_o bid_v they_o to_o be_v wise_a as_o serpent_n but_o innocent_a as_o dove_n and_o this_o be_v the_o prudence_n of_o empire_n that_o if_o any_o one_o will_v annoy_v we_o to_o take_v such_o care_n and_o to_o use_v such_o mean_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o hurt_v we_o which_o may_v be_v do_v two_o way_n as_o first_o if_o the_o neighbour_a nation_n do_v see_v the_o grow_a power_n of_o any_o one_o prince_n so_o as_o to_o conceive_v some_o jealousy_n of_o he_o they_o ought_v to_o combine_v in_o a_o strong_a league_n that_o if_o either_o shall_v be_v invade_v unjust_o they_o shall_v all_o make_v war_n against_o the_o aggressor_n this_o be_v then_o a_o just_a cause_n of_o war._n thus_o the_o italian_n be_v jealous_a of_o the_o venetian_n power_n league_v themselves_o for_o their_o own_o defence_n so_o that_o though_o that_o republic_n be_v too_o strong_a for_o any_o of_o they_o single_o yet_o be_v far_o too_o weak_a for_o they_o all_o it_o be_v wise_o keep_v within_o its_o own_o bound_n livy_n discourse_v of_o the_o several_a opinion_n of_o man_n concern_v the_o war_n between_o perseus_n and_o the_o roman_n some_o wish_v well_o to_o one_o and_o some_o to_o another_o tell_v we_o that_o the_o best_a and_o wise_a sort_n wish_v the_o victory_n to_o neither_o for_o so_o shall_v they_o live_v free_a and_o secure_a from_o both_o for_o if_o either_o of_o the_o two_o party_n shall_v offer_v to_o opress_v they_o the_o other_o will_v be_v ready_a to_o secure_v they_o and_o as_o spain_n former_o so_o france_n now_o aspire_v to_o act_v universal_a monarchy_n all_o european_a prince_n have_v reason_n to_o be_v jealous_a of_o he_o and_o to_o combine_v together_o to_o withstand_v he_o second_o if_o any_o potentate_n be_v more_o powerful_a than_o his_o neighbour_n shall_v unjust_o oppress_v any_o of_o they_o the_o rest_n ought_v to_o confederate_n and_o to_o compel_v the_o aggressor_n to_o accept_v of_o due_a satisfaction_n if_o there_o be_v cause_n for_o it_o which_o if_o he_o refuse_v his_o cause_n then_o be_v unjust_a much_o more_o if_o it_o be_v original_o so_o they_o may_v all_o of_o they_o make_v war_n upon_o he_o as_o be_v the_o disturber_n of_o the_o public_a peace_n thus_o do_v the_o italian_a prince_n against_o the_o french_a when_o they_o be_v invade_v by_o charles_n the_o eight_o which_o occasion_v the_o late_a triple_a league_n or_o alliance_n when_o the_o french_a have_v seize_v upon_o the_o county_n of_o burgundy_n and_o invade_v flanders_n both_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o spain_n and_o which_o be_v the_o main_a demonstration_n of_o their_o valour_n and_o strength_n the_o credit_n and_o esteem_v they_o have_v before_o other_o they_o get_v not_o by_o injury_n and_o oppression_n every_o man_n among_o they_o have_v his_o arm_n in_o readiness_n and_o if_o occasion_n require_v they_o have_v a_o army_n both_o of_o man_n and_o horse_n they_o have_v good_a store_n and_o thus_o they_o keep_v up_o the_o repute_n of_o be_v a_o warlike_a nation_n though_o they_o live_v in_o peace_n vi_o unnecessary_a profit_n neither_o have_v profit_n the_o same_o right_a to_o make_v a_o just_a war_n as_o necessity_n have_v vii_o the_o denial_n of_o marriage_n neither_o be_v the_o denial_n of_o marriage_n though_o there_o be_v plenty_n of_o woman_n any_o just_a cause_n of_o a_o war_n which_o notwithstanding_o hercules_n make_v the_o ground_n of_o his_o war_n against_o eurytus_n who_o deny_v he_o his_o daughter_n jole_n in_o marriage_n as_o darius_n also_o do_v of_o his_o war_n against_o the_o scythian_n viii_o desire_v to_o plant_v in_o a_o better_a soil_n nor_o be_v the_o desire_n of_o possess_v a_o more_o fruitful_a or_o more_o healthful_a soil_n as_o it_o be_v usual_a for_o such_o as_o inhabit_v fen_n or_o desert_n any_o just_a cause_n of_o make_v war_n which_o be_v the_o case_n of_o the_o ancient_a german_n as_o tacitus_n record_v 4._o record_v hist_o l._n 4._o ix_o the_o discovery_n of_o thing_n pre-occupied_n by_o other_o neither_o be_v it_o sufficient_a to_o justify_v a_o war_n to_o pretend_v that_o we_o be_v the_o first_o discoverer_n of_o any_o place_n in_o case_n it_o be_v possess_v though_o by_o pagan_n and_o infidel_n or_o by_o man_n of_o dull_a apprehension_n for_o 31._o for_o vict._n de_fw-fr ind._n rel._n 1._o n._n 31._o inventio_fw-la est_fw-la eorum_fw-la quae_fw-la nullius_fw-la sunt_fw-la to_o entitle_v ourselves_o to_o be_v the_o first_o founder_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o the_o land_n so_o find_v shall_v belong_v to_o none_o x._o what_o if_o the_o pre-occupants_a be_v mad_a neither_o be_v it_o necessary_a to_o propriety_n or_o dominion_n that_o a_o man_n shall_v be_v endue_v with_o virtue_n either_o moral_a or_o theological_n or_o to_o be_v of_o a_o quick_a understanding_n yet_o may_v this_o seem_v to_o be_v justifiable_a that_o in_o case_n there_o can_v be_v find_v a_o people_n that_o have_v no_o use_n of_o natural_a reason_n at_o all_o there_o all_o right_a and_o dominion_n may_v be_v take_v from_o they_o yet_o ought_v we_o in_o charity_n to_o make_v they_o such_o a_o allowance_n as_o be_v necessary_a for_o their_o support_n and_o maintenance_n as_o well_o as_o unto_o other_o idiot_n and_o madman_n for_o as_o to_o what_o we_o have_v already_o say_v concern_v the_o care_n which_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n take_v to_o preserve_v the_o property_n of_o infant_n and_o lunatic_n it_o appertain_v to_o such_o people_n with_o who_o we_o have_v any_o commerce_n or_o make_v any_o contract_n with_o which_o we_o can_v have_v with_o such_o a_o people_n as_o be_v whole_o and_o altogether_o destitute_a of_o reason_n 2._o plato_n de_fw-fr rep._n lib._n 2._o and_o therefore_o of_o these_o i_o may_v very_o well_o doubt_v whether_o they_o have_v any_o property_n at_o all_o the_o grecian_n then_o be_v very_o unjust_a in_o conclude_v the_o barbarian_n to_o be_v natural_o their_o enemy_n because_o they_o differ_v from_o they_o in_o manner_n and_o be_v not_o so_o quick_a of_o understanding_n as_o themselves_o 31._o livy_n lib._n 31._o but_o how_o far_o forth_o a_o man_n right_n and_o property_n may_v be_v take_v away_o for_o some_o heinous_a crime_n commit_v against_o nature_n or_o humane_a society_n be_v another_o question_n whereof_o we_o have_v already_o treat_v 40._o vide_fw-la supra_fw-la ch._n 20._o §._o 40._o where_o we_o discourse_v of_o the_o right_n of_o punishment_n xi_o nor_o the_o desire_n of_o liberty_n in_o such_o as_o be_v subject_n neither_o be_v it_o a_o just_a cause_n for_o any_o people_n or_o person_n to_o take_v arm_n to_o endeavour_v to_o recover_v their_o liberty_n be_v lose_v as_o if_o it_o do_v natural_o and_o always_o belong_v unto_o they_o for_o when_o we_o say_v that_o man_n or_o city_n be_v natural_o free_a we_o mean_v that_o they_o be_v so_o by_o that_o right_n of_o nature_n which_o precede_v all_o humane_a constitution_n in_o which_o sense_n liberty_n be_v take_v only_o for_o a_o privation_n of_o slavery_n but_o not_o as_o it_o be_v contradictory_n to_o servitude_n so_o that_o though_o by_o nature_n no_o man_n be_v a_o servant_n yet_o no_o man_n have_v by_o nature_n this_o privilege_n that_o he_o can_v never_o be_v make_v so_o for_o in_o this_o sense_n no_o man_n be_v free_a and_o thus_o be_v that_o of_o albutius_n to_o be_v understand_v nemo_fw-la natus_fw-la servus_n est_fw-la nemo_fw-la libre_fw-la 21._o sen._n lib._n 3._o contr_n 21._o haec_fw-la postea_fw-la nomina_fw-la singulis_fw-la imposuit_fw-la fortuna_fw-la to_o be_v bear_v either_o bond_n or_o free_n be_v the_o badge_n of_o fortune_n and_o not_o of_o nature_n so_o aristotle_n it_o be_v the_o law_n that_o make_v any_o man_n either_o a_o freeman_n or_o a_o servant_n and_o therefore_o into_o what_o estate_n soever_o fortune_n have_v cast_v we_o be_v it_o of_o freedom_n or_o of_o lawful_a subjection_n and_o that_o either_o personal_a or_o civil_a we_o ought_v therewith_o to_o be_v content_a and_o in_o no_o wise_a to_o struggle_v or_o repine_v against_o it_o according_a to_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o apostle_n 7.21_o 1_o cor._n 7.21_o be_v thou_o call_v to_o be_v a_o servant_n grieve_v not_o at_o it_o xii_o nor_o the_o desire_n of_o rule_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o those_o who_o we_o will_v rule_v neither_o be_v it_o lawful_a for_o any_o man_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n to_o reduce_v those_o under_o his_o government_n who_o deserve_v to_o be_v enslave_v or_o as_o philosopher_n say_v be_v natural_o slave_n for_o although_o it_o be_v expedient_a for_o they_o to_o be_v well_o govern_v yet_o this_o give_v no_o right_a to_o any_o man_n to_o compel_v they_o thereunto_o by_o force_n and_o arm_n for_o to_o such_o as_o have_v the_o use_n of_o reason_n the_o choice_n of_o thing_n profitable_a and_o unprofitable_a
private_a be_v expect_v to_o arise_v from_o the_o very_a war_n be_v consider_v a_o part_n from_o the_o cause_n that_o justify_v it_o which_o vice_n be_v most_o dangerous_a because_o it_o come_v mantle_v with_o the_o robe_n of_o virtue_n but_o as_o st._n augustine_n right_o advise_v satius_fw-la est_fw-la cujuslibet_fw-la inertiae_fw-la poenas_fw-la luere_fw-la quam_fw-la istorum_fw-la armorum_fw-la gloriam_fw-la quaerere_fw-la better_a it_o be_v to_o suffer_v the_o punishment_n of_o any_o cowardice_n then_o to_o seek_v glory_n by_o such_o a_o war._n this_o be_v it_o that_o sully_v all_o the_o victory_n of_o alexander_n and_o for_o which_o all_o historian_n declaim_v against_o he_o as_o a_o robber_n because_o he_o make_v war_n only_o for_o ambition_n and_o to_o that_o end_n disquiet_v the_o whole_a world_n vex_v all_o nation_n without_o any_o cause_n give_v and_o make_v war_n upon_o those_o who_o he_o never_o know_v for_o what_o can_v this_o be_v but_o as_o st._n augustine_n call_v it_o grandee_n latrocinium_fw-la a_o great_a robbery_n or_o a_o just_a cause_n may_v be_v spoil_v when_o accompany_v with_o a_o passion_n manifest_o unlawful_a as_o when_o we_o rejoice_v in_o the_o destruction_n of_o our_o enemy_n bare_o as_o such_o without_o respect_n to_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v good_a so_o aristides_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o phocenses_n be_v deserve_o destroy_v but_o withal_o he_o condemn_a king_n philip_n for_o destroy_v they_o because_o he_o do_v it_o not_o upon_o the_o score_n of_o religion_n as_o he_o pretend_v but_o out_o of_o a_o ambitious_a desire_n to_o enlarge_v his_o empire_n sallust_n ascribe_v all_o war_n to_o this_o one_o and_o that_o very_o ancient_a cause_n namely_o a_o vehement_a thirst_n after_o dominion_n and_o riches_n and_o it_o be_v tacitus_n his_o observation_n that_o gold_n and_o wealth_n be_v ever_o the_o principal_a cause_n of_o make_v war_n which_o seneca_n attribute_n to_o covetousness_n and_o revenge_n mad_a anger_n and_o a_o greedy_a thirst_n for_o gain_v the_o league_n have_v break_v whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v that_o of_o st._n augustine_n a_o earnest_a desire_n to_o make_v what_o spoil_n we_o can_v the_o cruelty_n of_o revenge_n a_o unquiet_a and_o implacable_a spirit_n contumacy_n and_o rebellion_n together_o with_o a_o ambitious_a thirst_n after_o empire_n and_o riches_n these_o and_o the_o like_a be_v deserve_o blame_v in_o all_o war_n but_o yet_o these_o where_o a_o justify_v cause_n be_v not_o want_v though_o they_o favour_v rank_o of_o a_o corrupt_a mind_n yet_o do_v they_o not_o render_v the_o war_n proper_o unjust_a and_o therefore_o restitution_n can_v just_o be_v require_v of_o damage_n sustain_v in_o such_o a_o war._n chap._n xxiii_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o war_n that_o be_v doubtful_a i._o whence_o doubt_n arise_v in_o moral_a matter_n ii_o that_o we_o ought_v to_o do_v nothing_o contrary_a to_o the_o dictate_v of_o our_o own_o judgement_n though_o erroneous_a iii_o that_o the_o judgement_n be_v sometime_o sway_v by_o argument_n draw_v from_o the_o thing_n itself_o iv_o sometime_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o other_o v._o if_o on_o either_o side_n doubt_n do_v equal_o arise_v and_o the_o matter_n be_v weighty_a and_o one_o must_v be_v choose_v than_o we_o be_v to_o choose_v the_o safe_a vi_o whence_o it_o follow_v that_o in_o such_o a_o case_n we_o be_v not_o to_o engage_v in_o war._n vii_o which_o may_v be_v avoid_v either_o by_o a_o treaty_n viii_o or_o by_o arbitration_n where_o also_o be_v handle_v the_o duty_n of_o christian_a prince_n in_o mediate_a between_o the_o party_n engage_v in_o war._n ix_o or_o by_o lot_n x._o whether_o single_a combat_n may_v be_v admit_v to_o prevent_v a_o public_a war._n xi_o that_o the_o present_a occupant_a have_v some_o advantage_n where_o the_o case_n be_v equal_o doubtful_a xii_o where_o the_o case_n be_v equal_o doubtful_a on_o both_o side_n and_o neither_o party_n be_v in_o possession_n the_o matter_n contend_v for_o may_v be_v divide_v xiii_o whether_o a_o war_n may_v be_v on_o both_o side_n just_a explain_v by_o many_o distinction_n i._o cause_n of_o doubt_n whence_o it_o be_v true_a what_o aristotle_n in_o the_o first_o of_o his_o moral_n teach_v that_o there_o can_v be_v the_o same_o certainty_n in_o ethic_n as_o in_o mathematics_n which_o therefore_o happen_v because_o the_o mathematics_n abstract_a form_n from_o all_o matter_n and_o because_o the_o very_a form_n themselves_o be_v such_o for_o the_o most_o part_n as_o will_v admit_v of_o no_o mean_a as_o between_o straight_a and_o crooked_a there_o be_v nothing_o intervenient_a but_o in_o moral_n the_o least_o circumstance_n vary_v the_o matter_n and_o the_o form_n concern_v which_o we_o treat_v have_v usual_o something_a interjacent_a and_o of_o that_o latitude_n that_o they_o sometime_o approach_v near_o to_o this_o extreme_a and_o sometime_o near_o to_o that_o as_o between_o thing_n absolute_o command_v and_o thing_n absolute_o interdict_v there_o be_v some_o thing_n that_o may_v or_o may_v not_o be_v do_v so_o between_o thing_n exact_o just_a and_o thing_n absolute_o unjust_a there_o be_v some_o thing_n intermediate_v whereof_o some_o incline_v near_o to_o this_o extreme_a and_o some_o to_o that_o from_o whence_o do_v often_o arise_v some_o doubt_n and_o ambiguity_n to_o whether_o of_o the_o two_o extreme_n they_o approach_v near_o as_o we_o may_v perceive_v in_o the_o degree_n of_o heat_n and_o cold_a in_o water_n when_o it_o be_v tepid_a and_o in_o the_o degree_n of_o light_n and_o darkness_n health_n and_o sickness_n etc._n etc._n insomuch_o that_o as_o aristotle_n say_v the_o judgement_n have_v sometime_o a_o hard_a task_n to_o determine_v which_o be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o the_o other_o but_o andronicus_n rhodius_n go_v yet_o far_o affirm_v that_o it_o be_v a_o very_a difficult_a thing_n sometime_o to_o distinguish_v between_o reality_n and_o resemblance_n thing_n exact_o just_a and_o thing_n that_o be_v only_o apparent_o so_o ii_o nothing_o to_o be_v do_v against_o our_o judgement_n but_o this_o rule_n be_v in_o the_o first_o place_n to_o be_v constant_o observe_v that_o though_o a_o act_n be_v real_o just_a yet_o if_o upon_o a_o serious_a examination_n we_o shall_v judge_v it_o to_o be_v unjust_a to_o we_o if_o we_o do_v it_o it_o be_v so_o and_o this_o be_v that_o which_o st_n paul_n intend_v when_o he_o say_v whatsoever_o be_v not_o of_o faith_n be_v sin_n in_o which_o place_n faith_n signify_v the_o firm_a persuasion_n or_o judgement_n of_o the_o mind_n concern_v a_o thing_n 14.23_o rom._n 14.23_o as_o may_v easy_o be_v collect_v from_o those_o other_o expression_n of_o st_n paul_n in_o the_o same_o chapter_n let_v every_o man_n be_v full_a y_o persuade_v in_o his_o own_o mind_n bâ—â—ssed_a be_v the_o man_n that_o condemn_v not_o himself_o in_o that_o which_o he_o allow_v peccatum_fw-la est_fw-la quoth_v aliter_fw-la fit_n quam_fw-la probatum_fw-la est_fw-la whatsoever_o any_o man_n do_v say_v st_n ambrose_n ambrose_n ambrose_n otherwise_o than_o what_o his_o own_o conscience_n approve_v be_v sin_n for_o that_o a_o thing_n be_v well_o do_v say_v plutarch_n timoleonte_n plut._n timoleonte_n it_o be_v requisite_a not_o onâ—y_o that_o what_o be_v do_v be_v just_a and_o honest_a but_o that_o there_o be_v a_o firm_a and_o constant_a persuasion_n of_o mind_n in_o he_o that_o do_v it_o that_o what_o be_v do_v be_v therefore_o do_v because_o his_o conscience_n tell_v he_o that_o it_o ought_v to_o be_v so_o do_v for_o god_n have_v endue_v the_o rational_a soul_n with_o a_o discern_a faculty_n to_o the_o end_n that_o it_o may_v guide_v we_o in_o all_o our_o action_n which_o be_v slight_v the_o mind_n immediate_o become_v sensual_a and_o brutish_a but_o yet_o it_o sometime_o fall_v out_o that_o the_o judgement_n waver_v and_o give_v but_o a_o dim_a and_o uncertain_a light_n which_o if_o upon_o a_o mature_a disquisition_n we_o can_v clear_v than_o we_o shall_v take_v the_o advice_n of_o cicero_n 1._o de_fw-fr off._n lib._n 1._o and_o forbear_v to_o act_v whilst_o we_o remain_v doubtful_a whether_o it_o be_v just_a or_o unjust_a the_o like_a advice_n pliny_n give_v wherein_o thou_o doubte_v forbear_v the_o hebrew_n doctor_n also_o give_v this_o caution_n beware_v and_o forbear_v in_o matter_n that_o be_v dubious_a but_o this_o be_v then_o only_o seasonable_a where_o we_o have_v a_o free_a choice_n either_o to_o do_v or_o not_o to_o do_v but_o not_o where_o we_o be_v oblige_v to_o do_v either_o this_o or_o that_o and_o yet_o be_v unsatisfied_a in_o either_o whether_o it_o be_v just_a or_o not_o for_o there_o we_o be_v to_o choose_v that_o which_o in_o our_o judgement_n seem_v to_o be_v less_o evil_a semper_fw-la enim_fw-la ubi_fw-la electio_fw-la evadi_fw-la non_fw-la potest_fw-la minus_fw-la malum_fw-la rationem_fw-la induit_fw-la boni_fw-la for_o always_o when_o the_o will_n be_v straighten_a between_o two_o
they_o break_v out_o into_o arms._n so_o coriolanus_n in_o dionysius_n halicarnassensis_fw-la if_o a_o man_n say_v he_o without_o covet_v another_o do_v but_o demand_v his_o own_o and_o be_v thereof_o deny_v shall_v make_v war_n that_o war_n by_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o nation_n be_v most_o just_a for_o as_o king_n tullus_n say_v in_o the_o same_o author_n quae_fw-la verbis_fw-la componi_fw-la nequeunt_fw-la ea_fw-la armis_fw-la decernenda_fw-la sunt_fw-la those_o difference_n which_o can_v by_o reason_n be_v compose_v must_v be_v determine_v by_o blow_n and_o yet_o as_o vologeses_n in_o tacitus_n declare_v i_o have_v rather_o keep_v what_o my_o ancestor_n have_v leave_v i_o by_o equity_n than_o by_o the_o expense_n of_o blood_n by_o my_o own_o just_a title_n than_o by_o a_o doubtful_a war._n for_o as_o king_n theodorick_n wise_o observe_v then_o only_o be_v war_n profitable_a when_o our_o enemy_n will_v not_o otherwise_o do_v we_o justice_n viii_o 2._o by_o arbitration_n the_o second_o way_n to_o prevent_v war_n between_o those_o who_o have_v no_o common_a judge_n between_o they_o be_v to_o put_v the_o matter_n in_o question_n to_o arbitration_n this_o though_o much_o scorn_v by_o such_o prince_n as_o be_v too_o confident_a in_o their_o own_o strength_n yet_o be_v worthy_o to_o be_v press_v and_o insist_v on_o by_o all_o that_o love_n peace_n and_o equity_n to_o persecute_v he_o as_o a_o enemy_n that_o be_v willing_a to_o put_v his_o case_n to_o a_o indifferent_a arbiter_n be_v impious_a and_o unjust_a say_v thucydides_n so_o concern_v thâ—_n kingdom_n of_o the_o argive_n adrastus_n and_o amphiraus_n be_v both_o content_a to_o refer_v themselves_o to_o the_o judgement_n of_o eriphyla_n as_o diodorus_n testify_v the_o like_a do_v the_o athenian_n and_o the_o megarense_n to_o three_o lacedaemonian_n concern_v the_o island_n salamis_n 5._o lib._n 5._o the_o same_o thucydides_n record_v this_o to_o be_v one_o of_o the_o article_n agree_v on_o in_o the_o league_n between_o the_o lacedaemonian_n and_o the_o argive_n that_o in_o case_n any_o controversy_n shall_v at_o any_o time_n arise_v between_o their_o city_n the_o matter_n in_o difference_n shall_v amicable_o be_v refer_v to_o a_o three_o city_n which_o shall_v be_v indifferent_a to_o both_o according_a to_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o their_o forefather_n thus_o the_o corcyrean_o declare_v their_o readiness_n to_o refer_v their_o difference_n with_o the_o corinthian_n to_o any_o of_o the_o peloponnesian_a city_n that_o they_o shall_v agree_v upon_o many_o great_a prince_n and_o state_n to_o save_v the_o effusion_n of_o blood_n have_v be_v content_v to_o put_v their_o grievance_n to_o arbitration_n aristides_n commend_v pericles_n that_o to_o avoid_v a_o doubtful_a war_n he_o be_v willing_a to_o commit_v his_o cause_n to_o indifferent_a judge_n so_o also_o do_v isocrates_n in_o his_o oration_n against_o ctesiphon_n high_o extol_v king_n philip_n of_o macedon_n for_o his_o readiness_n to_o refer_v all_o those_o controversy_n which_o he_o have_v with_o the_o athenian_n to_o some_o other_o city_n that_o stand_v indifferent_o affect_v to_o either_o party_n thus_o do_v the_o samnite_n as_o to_o the_o difference_n between_o themselves_o and_o the_o roman_n offer_v to_o stand_v to_o the_o award_n of_o those_o state_n that_o be_v at_o peace_n with_o both_o of_o they_o 2._o xen._n cyro_n lib._n 2._o cyrus_n make_v the_o indian_a king_n judge_n between_o himself_o and_o the_o assyrian_a so_o do_v the_o carthaginian_n to_o avoid_v a_o war_n put_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o quarrel_n with_o masinissa_n to_o the_o judgement_n oâ—_n other_o yea_o and_o the_o roman_n themselves_o do_v refer_v their_o difference_n with_o the_o samnite_n 8._o livy_n lib._n 8._o to_o be_v compromise_v by_o their_o common_a associate_n we_o for_o our_o part_n be_v ready_a say_v the_o gepidae_n to_o the_o lombard_n in_o procopius_n to_o refer_v ourselves_o to_o any_o indifferent_a arbiter_n 3._o goth_n lib._n 3._o queen_n elizabeth_z offer_v to_o refer_v the_o difference_n between_o she_o and_o the_o dane_n unto_o commissioner_n on_o both_o side_n 1600._o camden_n anno_fw-la 1600._o or_o unto_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n the_o king_n of_o denmark_n father_n in_o law_n and_o to_o the_o duke_n of_o mechlenburgh_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswick_n as_o arbitrator_n now_o they_o that_o refuse_v this_o way_n of_o disceptation_n by_o reason_n argument_n or_o arbitrement_n run_v rash_o into_o war_n when_o it_o may_v be_v avoid_v decline_v all_o justice_n humanity_n and_o the_o common_a practice_n of_o the_o best_a and_o wise_a prince_n yet_o that_o philip_n king_n of_o spain_n will_v not_o admit_v of_o the_o pope_n to_o be_v judge_n between_o he_o and_o other_o competitor_n for_o the_o kingdom_n of_o portugal_n i_o do_v not_o wonder_v gentilis_fw-la aberic_n gentilis_fw-la because_o the_o pope_n claim_v the_o decision_n of_o all_o such_o controversy_n as_o his_o proper_a right_n wherefore_o that_o wise_a king_n be_v unwilling_a to_o add_v his_o own_o example_n to_o some_o ancient_a one_o whereby_o the_o pope_n may_v hereafter_o prove_v himself_o to_o be_v the_o sole_a arbiter_n and_o disposer_n of_o kingdom_n many_o other_o example_n may_v be_v produce_v but_o in_o a_o case_n so_o clear_a these_o may_v suffice_v plutarch_n tell_v we_o that_o it_o be_v the_o principal_a duty_n of_o the_o college_n of_o herald_n among_o the_o roman_n to_o take_v care_n nè_fw-la sinerent_fw-la prius_fw-la ad_fw-la bellum_fw-la veniri_fw-la quam_fw-la spes_fw-la omnis_fw-la judicii_fw-la obtinendi_fw-la periisset_fw-la that_o no_o war_n shall_v be_v attempt_v but_o where_o all_o hope_n of_o receive_v satisfaction_n for_o injury_n do_v they_o by_o any_o other_o mean_n be_v frustrate_a and_o strabo_n testify_v of_o the_o druid_n in_o gallia_n 4._o lib._n 4._o that_o ancient_o they_o be_v the_o arbitrator_n between_o public_a enemy_n and_o that_o by_o their_o mediation_n peace_n be_v often_o make_v even_o when_o the_o army_n be_v prepare_v for_o battle_n which_o office_n do_v of_o old_a in_o spain_n appertain_v to_o their_o priest_n as_o the_o same_o author_n record_v but_o much_o more_o do_v it_o concern_v christian_a king_n and_o state_n to_o prevent_v the_o effusion_n of_o blood_n by_o this_o mean_n 11._o lib._n 11._o for_o if_o both_o jew_n and_o christian_n have_v think_v fit_a to_o appoint_v arbitrator_n among_o themselves_o to_o determine_v all_o controversy_n to_o the_o intent_n 28._o vict._n de_fw-fr jure_fw-la belli_n n._n 28._o that_o brother_n shall_v not_o go_v to_o law_n with_o brother_n before_o unbeliever_n as_o st_n paul_n have_v also_o command_v how_o much_o more_o reason_n be_v there_o that_o such_o arbitrator_n or_o judge_n shall_v be_v choose_v by_o we_o to_o prevent_v mischief_n far_o great_a than_o go_v to_o law_n namely_o spoil_n rapine_n murder_n yea_o and_o sometime_o desolation_n which_o be_v the_o unhappy_a concomitant_n of_o cruel_a war_n from_o whence_o tertullian_n conclude_v that_o a_o christian_a ought_v not_o to_o wage_v war_n see_v that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o he_o to_o go_v to_o law_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v in_o a_o qualify_a sense_n 10._o gregor_n lib._n 10._o and_o indeed_o it_o be_v very_o unfit_a for_o prince_n who_o profess_v themselves_o to_o be_v follower_n of_o christ_n to_o rush_v into_o arm_n one_o against_o the_o other_o with_o so_o much_o bitterness_n see_v that_o there_o be_v other_o mean_v find_v out_o to_o compromise_v their_o quarrel_n and_o to_o make_v better_a use_n of_o their_o arm_n and_o valour_n against_o the_o common_a enemy_n and_o for_o this_o as_o well_o as_o for_o many_o other_o reason_n it_o will_v be_v very_o convenient_a nay_o necessary_a that_o constant_a diet_n and_o convention_n of_o christian_a prince_n shall_v be_v hold_v where_o by_o the_o prudence_n and_o moderation_n of_o such_o as_o be_v not_o interest_v all_o controversy_n may_v be_v compose_v yea_o and_o that_o some_o expedient_a may_v be_v find_v out_o to_o enforce_v both_o party_n to_o accept_v of_o peace_n upon_o equal_a and_o indifferent_a term_n whereof_o we_o may_v find_v example_n in_o cassiodore_n 4._o cassiodore_n cassiod_n lib._n 3._o 1_o 2_o 3_o 4._o gailius_n 12._o gailius_n gail_n de_fw-fr pace_n publ_n lib._n 2._o cap._n 18._o n._n 12._o and_o other_o which_o ancient_o be_v commit_v to_o the_o care_n of_o the_o druid_n in_o france_n to_o who_o the_o bishop_n do_v afterward_o by_o a_o better_a right_o succeed_v so_o we_o read_v of_o the_o french_a king_n that_o in_o the_o division_n of_o the_o kingdom_n they_o have_v refer_v themselves_o to_o the_o judgement_n of_o their_o peer_n ix_o 3._o by_o lot_n the_o three_o way_n to_o prevent_v war_n be_v to_o decide_v controversy_n by_o lot_n which_o dion_n chrysostome_n much_o commend_v and_o long_o before_o he_o solomon_n prov._n 18.18_o whereof_o see_v st_n augustine_n in_o his_o first_o book_n 28._o chap._n of_o
free_o remit_v where_o he_o have_v power_n to_o revenge_v nec_fw-la quicquam_fw-la gloriosius_fw-la principe_fw-la impune_fw-la laeso_fw-la neither_o be_v there_o any_o thing_n more_o glorious_a than_o a_o injure_a prince_n that_o disdain_v to_o revenge_v his_o own_o wrong_n and_o therefore_o king_n as_o quintilian_n advise_v shall_v be_v exhort_v to_o make_v themselves_o rather_o famous_a for_o their_o humanity_n and_o clemency_n than_o formidable_a for_o their_o severity_n among_o other_o the_o virtue_n that_o ennoble_v c._n caesar_n this_o be_v record_v by_o cicero_n as_o the_o chief_a that_o he_o never_o forget_v any_o thing_n but_o injury_n thus_o do_v livia_n plead_v with_o augustus_n as_o it_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o emperor_n severe_o to_o punish_v offender_n against_o the_o commonwealth_n so_o be_v it_o their_o honour_n to_o forgive_v their_o own_o personal_a injury_n dion_n dion_n it_o be_v very_o true_a what_o antoninus_n the_o philosopher_n tell_v the_o senate_n that_o there_o be_v nothing_o so_o unbecoming_a a_o prince_n as_o to_o avenge_v his_o own_o wrong_n for_o though_o the_o punishment_n be_v put_v just_a yet_o be_v judge_n in_o his_o own_o cause_n it_o will_v seem_v cruelty_n and_o what_o themistius_n say_v unto_o the_o senate_n in_o the_o praise_n of_o theodosius_n that_o a_o good_a prince_n shall_v excel_v those_o who_o have_v wrong_v he_o not_o in_o power_n to_o hurt_v they_o but_o in_o his_o readiness_n to_o do_v they_o good_a aristotle_n deny_v that_o prince_n to_o be_v magnanimous_a that_o be_v mindful_a of_o a_o injury_n which_o cicero_n explain_v thus_o for_o say_v he_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o become_v a_o noble_a person_n than_o gentleness_n and_o clemency_n when_o one_o tell_v antisthenes_n that_o plato_n speak_v ill_a of_o he_o he_o answer_v without_o passion_n regium_fw-la est_fw-la benefacere_fw-la &_o male_a audire_fw-la to_o do_v well_o and_o hear_v ill_a be_v common_o the_o fate_n of_o king_n the_o holy_a scripture_n do_v furnish_v we_o with_o many_o excellent_a example_n of_o clemency_n as_o in_o moses_n who_o when_o the_o people_n begin_v to_o mutiny_v against_o he_o for_o want_v of_o flesh_n instead_o of_o punish_v they_o pray_v for_o they_o numb_a 11.12_o and_o when_o god_n himself_o brand_v miriam_n with_o leprosy_n for_o her_o seditious_a murmur_a against_o he_o he_o instead_o of_o take_v revenge_n intercede_v for_o she_o heal_v her_o foul_a face_n with_o his_o devout_a tongue_n numb_a 12.13_o the_o like_a we_o find_v in_o david_n who_o be_v bitter_o revile_v by_o shimei_n cry_v out_o against_o he_o come_v up_o thou_o man_n of_o blood_n etc._n etc._n return_v not_o reproach_n for_o reproach_n but_o be_v urge_v by_o some_o to_o a_o revenge_n answer_v meek_o let_v he_o alone_o let_v he_o curse_v for_o haply_o god_n have_v bid_v he_o 2_o sam._n 16.7_o 10._o thus_o do_v st_n stephen_n intercede_v for_o his_o persecutor_n say_v lord_n lay_v not_o this_o sin_n to_o their_o charge_n act_v 7.60_o now_o this_o do_v in_o a_o more_o especial_a manner_n become_v those_o who_o be_v sovereign_a prince_n clem._n chrysost_n in_o laud_n clem._n unto_o who_o as_o all_o thing_n be_v permit_v so_o free_o to_o restrain_v themselves_o and_o to_o make_v the_o divine_a law_n their_o guide_n in_o all_o their_o action_n be_v the_o ready_a way_n to_o purchase_v glory_n and_o immortality_n the_o advice_n therefore_o of_o st_n augustine_n to_o count_n boniface_n be_v worthy_a to_o be_v by_o all_o king_n observe_v remember_v speedy_o to_o forgive_v he_o who_o have_v injure_v thou_o beg_v for_o pardon_n and_o these_o be_v the_o principal_a motive_n which_o shall_v dissuade_v we_o from_o enter_v into_o a_o bloody_a war_n though_o haply_o just_o provoke_v which_o be_v draw_v from_o that_o affection_n which_o as_o man_n we_o either_o owe_v or_o may_v right_o show_v even_o unto_o our_o enemy_n iu._n and_o that_o sometime_o for_o his_o own_o and_o his_o subject_n safety_n sometime_o it_o concern_v we_o to_o abstain_v from_o war_n for_o our_o own_o and_o their_o sake_n that_o be_v under_o we_o procopius_n 2._o procopius_n procop._n goth._n lib._n 2._o bring_v in_o the_o goth_n thus_o bespeak_v belisarius_n since_o these_o thing_n stand_v thus_o it_o be_v a_o duty_n incumbent_n upon_o the_o governor_n of_o either_o nation_n not_o to_o be_v too_o prodigal_a of_o the_o blood_n of_o their_o subject_n out_o of_o a_o ambitious_a desire_n of_o their_o own_o glory_n but_o to_o prefer_v those_o thing_n that_o be_v both_o just_a and_o profitable_a not_o for_o themselves_o only_o but_o for_o their_o enemy_n plutarch_n in_o the_o life_n of_o numa_n tell_v we_o that_o after_o the_o college_n of_o herald_n have_v judge_v that_o they_o may_v lawful_o make_v war_n the_o senate_n consult_v whether_o it_o be_v fit_a and_o expedient_a for_o they_o so_o to_o do_v in_o the_o parable_n of_o our_o saviour_n it_o be_v say_v that_o before_o any_o king_n enter_v into_o war_n he_o first_o sit_v down_o and_o consult_v about_o the_o charge_n and_o whether_o with_o ten_o thousand_o he_o be_v able_a to_o encounter_v he_o that_o come_v against_o he_o with_o twenty_o thousand_o and_o if_o not_o he_o instant_o send_v and_o make_v peace_n with_o he_o so_o diodorus_n in_o thucydides_n although_o i_o shall_v pronounce_v they_o guilty_a of_o great_a crime_n yet_o i_o shall_v not_o adjudge_v they_o to_o be_v slay_v unless_o i_o see_v it_o expedient_a so_o likewise_o livy_n record_v of_o the_o tusculan_n that_o by_o suffer_v all_o thing_n and_o deny_v nothing_o they_o purchase_v their_o peace_n with_o the_o roman_n camilli_n lib._n 6._o plut._n vit_fw-mi camilli_n the_o very_a same_o be_v do_v by_o the_o king_n of_o armenia_n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n severus_n as_o herodotus_n testify_v 3._o testify_v herod_n lib._n 3._o and_o tacitus_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o roman_n seek_v a_o occasion_n of_o war_n with_o the_o aeduan_o in_o vain_a for_o be_v command_v to_o send_v money_n and_o arm_n to_o their_o camp_n they_o send_v both_o and_o not_o only_o those_o but_o victual_n also_o and_o that_o frank_o so_o queen_n amalasuntha_n profess_v to_o the_o ambassador_n of_o the_o emperor_n justinian_n that_o she_o will_v not_o contend_v with_o he_o in_o arms._n sometime_o a_o enemy_n may_v be_v pacify_v in_o a_o moderate_a way_n 7._o lib._n 7._o as_o strabo_n inform_v we_o be_v do_v by_o syrmus_n king_n of_o the_o triballi_n who_o at_o once_o forbid_v alexander_n the_o macedonian_a entrance_n into_o the_o island_n peuce_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n honour_v he_o with_o many_o rich_a present_n thereby_o show_v that_o it_o be_v the_o fear_n of_o his_o power_n and_o not_o any_o hatred_n or_o contempt_n of_o his_o person_n that_o make_v he_o to_o do_v it_o and_o indeed_o what_o euripides_n sometime_o say_v of_o the_o city_n of_o greece_n may_v fit_o be_v apply_v to_o other_o state_n de_fw-fr marte_fw-la quoties_fw-la itur_fw-la in_o suffragia_fw-la nemo_fw-la imminere_fw-la cogitat_fw-la mortem_fw-la sibi_fw-la sed_fw-la cuique_fw-la cladem_fw-la destinamus_fw-la alteri_fw-la quod_fw-la si_fw-la in_o comitiis_fw-la funera_fw-la ante_fw-la oculos_fw-la forent_fw-la furiata_fw-la bello_fw-la non_fw-la perîsset_fw-la graecia_n when_o in_o full_a senate_n vote_n for_o war_n pass_v free_a no_o man_n his_o own_o destruction_n do_v foresee_v but_o all_o foretell_v the_o other_o destiny_n when_o if_o its_o own_o sad_a fate_n each_o have_v foresee_v greece_n thus_o by_o war_n consume_v have_v never_o be_v when_o we_o wax_v proud_a and_o confident_a in_o our_o own_o strength_n say_v livy_n let_v we_o then_o call_v to_o mind_v that_o great_a command_n that_o fortune_n have_v over_o all_o sublunary_a thing_n together_o with_o the_o sudden_a change_n and_o uncertain_a event_n of_o war._n and_o as_o thucydides_n advise_v before_o we_o engage_v ourselves_o too_o far_o let_v we_o consider_v how_o many_o sad_a mischance_n do_v usual_o happen_v in_o war_n which_o the_o most_o pierce_a eye_n of_o humane_a wisdom_n can_v foresee_v v._o prudent_a rule_n about_o our_o choice_n of_o good_n the_o thing_n that_o usual_o fall_v under_o consultation_n be_v either_o about_o the_o intermediate_v end_n which_o may_v probable_o conduce_v to_o the_o last_o end_n we_o full_o resolve_v on_o or_o about_o those_o mean_n whereby_o we_o may_v probable_o obtain_v those_o end_n the_o end_n we_o propose_v to_o ourselves_o be_v always_o either_o some_o good_a or_o doubtless_o the_o avoid_n of_o some_o evil_n which_o also_o fall_v under_o the_o notion_n of_o good_a but_o those_o thing_n that_o lead_v we_o hither_o or_o thither_o be_v not_o expetible_a for_o themselves_o but_o as_o they_o conduce_v to_o those_o end_n wherefore_o in_o all_o our_o consultation_n we_o be_v to_o compare_v both_o those_o end_n between_o themselves_o and_o the_o effective_a power_n or_o faculty_n of_o those_o thing_n which_o lead_v to_o the_o end_n to_o produce_v that_o end_n for_o
as_o aristotle_n right_o observe_v the_o argument_n that_o excite_v we_o to_o action_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n animalium_fw-la de_fw-fr motione_fw-la animalium_fw-la either_o they_o be_v draw_v from_o the_o goodness_n of_o the_o end_n or_o from_o the_o possibility_n of_o obtain_v it_o which_o comparison_n have_v these_o three_o rule_n whereby_o we_o may_v be_v guide_v first_o good_n three_o rule_n to_o guide_v we_o in_o the_o choice_n of_o good_n if_o the_o thing_n in_o debate_n seem_v to_o have_v in_o a_o moral_a esteem_n a_o equal_a efficacy_n to_o good_a and_o to_o evil_a then_o if_o the_o good_a we_o hope_v for_o have_v somewhat_o more_o of_o good_a than_o the_o evil_n we_o fear_v have_v of_o evil_a we_o may_v adventure_v upon_o the_o action_n but_o if_o the_o conveniency_n be_v not_o able_a to_o overbalance_n the_o inconvenience_n it_o be_v better_a to_o refrain_v for_o a_o wise_a man_n though_o never_o so_o dare_v and_o magnanimous_a will_v not_o run_v the_o hazard_n of_o his_o life_n for_o every_o cause_n but_o then_o only_o when_o the_o reward_n be_v great_a weighty_a and_o honourable_a the_o second_o rule_n be_v this_o if_o the_o good_a and_o evil_n seem_v to_o be_v equal_a which_o may_v proceed_v from_o the_o thing_n in_o question_n than_o we_o may_v thus_o guide_v our_o choice_n if_o the_o thing_n itself_o have_v a_o great_a efficacy_n to_o produce_v the_o good_a than_o it_o have_v to_o produce_v the_o evil_a than_o we_o may_v choose_v it_o three_o if_o both_o the_o good_a and_o evil_a seem_v unequal_a and_o the_o power_n or_o efficacy_n of_o the_o thing_n no_o less_o unequal_a then_o that_o thing_n be_v at_o length_n to_o be_v choose_v if_o its_o efficacy_n to_o the_o good_a be_v great_a be_v compare_v with_o its_o efficacy_n unto_o the_o evil_a than_o the_o evil_n itself_o be_v be_v compare_v with_o the_o good_a or_o if_o the_o good_a itself_o compare_v with_o the_o evil_n be_v great_a than_o its_o efficacy_n unto_o evil_a be_v compare_v with_o the_o good_n thus_o narses_n to_o belisarius_n where_o the_o danger_n appear_v to_o be_v equal_a and_o the_o damage_n alike_o if_o we_o err_v 13._o procopius_n goth._n lib._n 2._o cap._n 13._o there_o much_o discourse_n and_o consultation_n be_v necessary_a before_o we_o determine_v the_o matter_n in_o question_n but_o where_o the_o difficulty_n be_v unequal_a and_o the_o damage_n upon_o mistake_n great_a or_o less_o than_o the_o hope_n of_o gain_n there_o the_o choice_n be_v very_o easy_a and_o require_v no_o great_a depth_n of_o judgement_n to_o determine_v what_o we_o have_v set_v down_o here_o somewhat_o more_o accurate_o cicero_n have_v in_o a_o plain_a way_n 1._o de_fw-fr offic._n lib._n 1._o but_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n describe_v where_o he_o advise_v we_o not_o to_o expose_v ourselves_o to_o danger_n without_o cause_n than_o which_o nothing_o can_v argue_v a_o more_o fool-hardiness_n wherefore_o in_o perilous_a case_n we_o shall_v imitate_v physician_n who_o in_o light_a distemper_n use_v gentle_a remedy_n but_o when_o the_o disease_n threaten_v death_n than_o those_o that_o be_v more_o doubtful_a and_o dangerous_a therefore_o it_o be_v the_o office_n of_o a_o wise_a man_n to_o help_v in_o a_o time_n of_o danger_n especial_o when_o he_o rational_o conceive_v that_o the_o good_a he_o shall_v reap_v by_o it_o if_o it_o succeed_v do_v overbalance_n the_o damage_n that_o he_o fear_v if_o it_o miscarry_v but_o as_o the_o same_o cicero_n elsewhere_o say_v no_o prudent_a man_n will_v endanger_v himself_o in_o such_o a_o enterprise_n wherein_o the_o good_a success_n shall_v bring_v he_o little_a profit_n but_o where_o the_o least_o miscarriage_n may_v prove_v fatal_a for_o as_o dion_n prusaeensis_n say_v grant_v that_o our_o grievance_n be_v unjust_a and_o unworthy_a to_o be_v bear_v yet_o will_v it_o not_o follow_v that_o whensoever_o we_o suffer_v any_o thing_n unjust_o we_o ought_v by_o strive_v against_o it_o to_o make_v our_o condition_n worse_o to_o make_v use_n of_o iron_n and_o steel_n when_o more_o gentle_a remedy_n may_v prevail_v plutarch_n plutarch_n or_o where_o the_o case_n be_v not_o extreme_o dangerous_a become_v neither_o a_o skilful_a physician_n nor_o a_o politic_a statesman_n dion_n prusaeensis_n when_o our_o burden_n be_v beyond_o our_o strength_n our_o endeavour_n to_o ease_v ourselves_o of_o they_o be_v just_a and_o honest_a because_o necessary_a but_o if_o they_o be_v tolerable_a and_o that_o we_o have_v cause_n to_o fear_v that_o by_o struggle_v they_o may_v be_v make_v worse_o we_o must_v arm_v ourselves_o with_o patience_n for_o as_o aristides_n aristides_n aristides_n say_v well_o where_o our_o fear_n be_v above_o our_o hope_n than_o it_o concern_v we_o especial_o to_o beware_v vi_o life_n better_o than_o liberty_n a_o example_n whereof_o we_o will_v borrow_v out_o of_o tacitus_n who_o relate_v that_o among_o the_o city_n of_o france_n there_o arise_v a_o great_a debate_n whether_o be_v more_o desiderable_a peace_n or_o liberty_n where_o by_o liberty_n we_o must_v understand_v that_o which_o be_v civil_a namely_o a_o right_a to_o govern_v by_o their_o own_o law_n which_o in_o a_o popular_a estate_n be_v absolute_a and_o full_a but_o mix_v and_o moderate_a in_o a_o aristocracy_n especial_o in_o such_o a_o estate_n wherein_o no_o citizen_n be_v uncapable_a of_o honour_n and_o by_o peace_n we_o mean_v such_o a_o peace_n whereby_o the_o destruction_n of_o a_o city_n or_o nation_n by_o a_o cruel_a war_n may_v be_v prevent_v that_o be_v as_o cicero_n explain_v it_o when_o the_o whole_a city_n be_v in_o danger_n of_o be_v lose_v or_o when_o the_o case_n of_o a_o nation_n or_o city_n be_v so_o desperate_a that_o nothing_o but_o a_o utter_a desolation_n can_v otherwise_o with_o any_o probable_a reason_n be_v expect_v which_o be_v the_o very_a case_n of_o the_o jew_n be_v besiege_v by_o titus_n no_o man_n can_v be_v ignorant_a of_o plato_n opinion_n in_o such_o a_o case_n who_o prefer_v death_n before_o subjection_n thereby_o show_v quam_fw-la sit_fw-la non_fw-la ardua_fw-la virtus_fw-la servitium_n fugisse_fw-la manu_fw-la with_o what_o ease_n a_o man_n from_o slavery_n may_v himself_o release_v but_o right_a reason_n suggest_v the_o contrary_a for_o the_o life_n of_o man_n which_o be_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o temporal_a blessing_n and_o the_o occasion_n of_o eternal_a be_v more_o to_o be_v esteem_v than_o liberty_n whether_o we_o take_v both_o to_o be_v either_o personal_a or_o national_a and_o therefore_o god_n himself_o intend_v it_o as_o a_o act_n of_o his_o mercy_n 27.13_o 2_o chron._n 12.78_o jer._n 27.13_o that_o he_o deliver_v his_o people_n into_o captivity_n but_o destroy_v they_o not_o and_o by_o the_o prophet_n jeremy_n he_o persuade_v they_o to_o yield_v themselves_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o king_n of_o babylon_n lest_o they_o die_v by_o the_o famine_n or_o by_o the_o pestilence_n it_o be_v a_o question_n not_o easy_o answer_v say_v st._n aug._n whether_o the_o saguntines_n do_v well_o to_o preserve_v their_o faith_n give_v to_o the_o roman_n 6._o de_fw-fr civet_fw-la dei_fw-la lib._n 22._o c._n 6._o so_o long_o until_o the_o city_n with_o themselves_o be_v total_o destroy_v by_o hannibal_n 3._o de_fw-fr repub_fw-la lib._n 3._o for_o though_o cicero_n think_v nothing_o sufficient_a to_o justify_v a_o war_n but_o either_o the_o public_a safety_n or_o the_o public_a faith_n give_v yet_o do_v he_o not_o there_o determine_v the_o case_n of_o the_o saguntines_n by_o show_v that_o if_o a_o city_n be_v drive_v into_o such_o a_o strait_a that_o they_o can_v not_o possible_o preserve_v their_o faith_n without_o the_o ruin_n of_o themselves_o nor_o preserve_v themselves_o without_o the_o breach_n of_o their_o faith_n which_o be_v the_o case_n of_o the_o saguntines_n whether_o of_o the_o two_o be_v most_o eligible_a but_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o holy_a scripture_n we_o be_v teach_v that_o death_n be_v the_o great_a of_o all_o terror_n and_o that_o captivity_n whether_o of_o a_o nation_n or_o of_o some_o particular_a person_n be_v far_o more_o desiderable_a than_o utter_a destruction_n thus_o guido_n the_o italian_a poet_n bespeak_v the_o citizen_n of_o milan_n omnia_fw-la securi_fw-la pro_fw-la libertate_fw-la feremus_fw-la sed_fw-la libertatem_fw-la co_fw-la tempta_fw-la nemo_fw-la salute_v sanus_fw-la amat_fw-la neque_fw-la enim_fw-la certae_fw-la susceptio_fw-la cladis_fw-la quam_fw-la vitare_fw-la queo_fw-la nisi_fw-la cum_fw-la ratione_fw-la salutis_fw-la libertatis_fw-la amor_fw-la sed_fw-la gloria_fw-la vana_fw-la putanda_fw-la est_fw-la it_o be_v not_o so_o proper_o a_o love_n to_o liberty_n as_o a_o preposterous_a itch_n after_o vain_a glory_n that_o make_v a_o man_n to_o prefer_v his_o freedom_n before_o his_o life_n cicero_n instance_n this_o as_o a_o case_n of_o necessity_n that_o the_o cisilinenses_n be_v necessary_o to_o give_v themselves_o up_o to_o hannibal_n although_o this_o clause_n be_v add_v to_o that_o
to_o be_v lament_v whosoever_o therefore_o shall_v with_o any_o remorse_n consider_v those_o so_o great_a so_o horrid_a and_o so_o direful_a effect_n of_o war_n can_v but_o confess_v that_o it_o be_v miserable_a but_o he_o that_o can_v feel_v they_o or_o think_v upon_o they_o without_o sorrow_n much_o more_o he_o that_o can_v glory_v in_o the_o success_n of_o they_o ideo_fw-la se_fw-la putat_fw-la beatum_fw-la quia_fw-la humanum_fw-la perdidit_fw-la sensum_fw-la therefore_o think_v himself_o happy_a because_o he_o have_v lose_v all_o sentiment_n of_o humanity_n so_o the_o same_o father_n in_o another_o place_n tell_v we_o that_o 15._o id_fw-la de_fw-la civet_fw-la dei_fw-la lib._n 4._o c._n 15._o belligerare_fw-la malis_fw-la videtur_fw-la felicitas_fw-la bonis_fw-la necessitas_fw-la good_a man_n make_v war_n their_o refuge_n but_o wicked_a man_n make_v it_o their_o delight_n and_o be_v there_o nothing_o of_o injustice_n in_o the_o war_n yet_o to_o be_v enforce_v unto_o it_o that_o be_v in_o itself_o miserable_a say_v maximus_n tyrius_n whereunto_o he_o add_v wise_a man_n never_o make_v war_n but_o by_o constraint_n whereas_o fool_n fight_v for_o pleasure_n and_o gain_v 13._o lib._n 13._o the_o lacedaemonian_n in_o diodorus_n consider_v those_o great_a enmity_n and_o animosity_n likely_a to_o arise_v from_o war_n think_v themselves_o bind_v in_o duty_n to_o declare_v before_o the_o god_n and_o unto_o all_o good_a man_n that_o they_o be_v not_o the_o author_n of_o it_o plutarch_n bring_v in_o some_o make_n this_o objection_n but_o have_v not_o rome_n much_o improve_v herself_o by_o war_n whereunto_o he_o answer_v it_o be_v true_a indeed_o she_o have_v so_o in_o the_o opinion_n of_o those_o who_o place_n their_o great_a glory_n in_o riches_n in_o pleasure_n wantonness_n and_o martial_a power_n which_o be_v but_o the_o dregs_o of_o honour_n but_o not_o in_o they_o who_o place_n their_o glory_n in_o the_o safety_n of_o their_o people_n in_o meekness_n justice_n and_o contentation_n it_o be_v therefore_o worthy_o say_v of_o stephanus_n the_o phiysician_n unto_o cosroes_n king_n of_o persia_n to_o thou_o o_o king_n who_o art_n whole_o conversant_a in_o blood_n and_o slaughter_n in_o subdue_a kingdom_n and_o depopulation_n city_n other_o glorious_a attribute_n may_v be_v due_a but_o sure_o thou_o can_v never_o hope_v by_o these_o way_n to_o be_v esteem_v good_a for_o as_o no_o good_a man_n will_v greedy_o covet_v that_o which_o be_v another_o so_o non_fw-la est_fw-la homini_fw-la homine_fw-la prodigè_fw-fr utendum_fw-la as_o seneca_n tell_v we_o 2._o aelian_a lib._n 14._o c._n 2._o it_o be_v no_o point_n of_o honour_n to_o be_v prodigal_a of_o humane_a blood_n philiscus_n advise_v alexander_n to_o be_v emulous_a of_o glory_n but_o not_o by_o make_v himself_o like_a unto_o a_o plague_n in_o depopulate_v city_n and_o lay_v whole_a kingdom_n waste_v nothing_o can_v add_v more_o glory_n to_o a_o king_n than_o to_o provide_v for_o the_o safety_n of_o his_o subject_n that_o they_o may_v live_v in_o peace_n 25._o nat._n hist_o l._n 7._o c._n 25._o pliny_n after_o he_o have_v recount_v so_o many_o famous_a battle_n gain_v by_o the_o dictator_n c._n caesar_n wherein_o be_v slay_v as_o he_o there_o compute_v eleven_o hundred_o ninety_o two_o thousand_o man_n add_v this_o i_o do_v not_o reckon_v it_o as_o any_o part_n of_o his_o glory_n to_o have_v do_v so_o great_a wrong_n to_o mankind_n however_o provoke_v philo_z in_o the_o life_n of_o moses_n observe_v that_o though_o the_o kill_n of_o enemy_n in_o war_n be_v by_o the_o law_n permit_v yet_o whosoever_o do_v kill_v a_o man_n though_o just_o though_o in_o his_o own_o defence_n though_o compel_v thereunto_o against_o his_o will_n do_v notwithstanding_o contract_v some_o guilt_n unto_o himself_o in_o respect_n of_o that_o common_a kindred_n and_o alliance_n between_o man_n and_o man_n which_o be_v derive_v from_o the_o supreme_a cause_n wherefore_o expiation_n and_o purgation_n be_v think_v necessary_a to_o cleanse_v they_o from_o that_o crime_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v commit_v by_o they_o if_o then_o by_o the_o hebrew_n law_n he_o that_o kill_v a_o man_n though_o against_o his_o will_n sanguine_fw-la pollutus_fw-la esset_fw-la hostili_fw-la quidem_fw-la attamen_fw-la sanguine_fw-la be_v to_o betake_v himself_o to_o one_o of_o the_o city_n of_o refuge_n and_o if_o god_n will_v not_o permit_v david_n to_o build_v he_o a_o temple_n because_o he_o be_v a_o man_n of_o blood_n though_o of_o his_o enemy_n that_o be_v as_o josephus_n write_v because_o he_o have_v make_v many_o war_n which_o by_o the_o law_n be_v permit_v if_o among_o the_o ancient_a greek_n he_o that_o have_v slay_v a_o man_n though_o accidental_o 4._o lib._n 7._o cap._n 4._o or_o in_o defence_n of_o himself_o have_v need_n of_o expiation_n who_o can_v see_v how_o unhappy_a a_o thing_n it_o be_v and_o by_o all_o mean_n to_o be_v avoid_v voluntary_o to_o engage_v ourselves_o in_o a_o war_n though_o haply_o not_o unjust_a sure_o among_o the_o greek_a church_n that_o most_o christian_a canon_n be_v long_o in_o force_n whereby_o he_o that_o in_o what_o war_n soever_o have_v slay_v a_o man_n though_o a_o enemy_n be_v not_o by_o the_o space_n of_o three_o year_n admit_v unto_o the_o sacrament_n chap._n xxv_o for_o what_o cause_n a_o war_n may_v be_v undertake_v for_o other_o i._o that_o a_o war_n may_v just_o be_v undertake_v by_o a_o prince_n for_o his_o subject_n ii_o but_o yet_o it_o be_v not_o always_o to_o be_v so_o undertake_v iii_o whether_o a_o innocent_a subject_n may_v be_v deliver_v up_o to_o a_o enemy_n to_o prevent_v a_o war._n iv_o that_o a_o war_n may_v just_o be_v undertake_v in_o the_o behalf_n of_o our_o confederate_n equal_a or_o unequal_a v._o as_o also_o for_o our_o friend_n vi_o yea_o and_o for_o any_o man_n vii_o yet_o may_v it_o also_o be_v omit_v without_o blame_n if_o it_o endanger_v himself_o or_o can_v be_v do_v without_o the_o death_n of_o the_o invader_n viii_o whether_o that_o war_n be_v just_a that_o be_v make_v to_o relieve_v another_o man_n subject_n this_o explain_v by_o a_o distinction_n ix_o all_o those_o military_a consociation_n and_o mercenary_a succour_n that_o respect_v not_o the_o equity_n of_o the_o cause_n be_v unjust_a x._o to_o engage_v in_o war_n for_o spoil_n or_o pay_v only_o be_v wicked_a i._o a_o prince_n may_v just_o make_v war_n for_o his_o subject_n above_o when_o we_o treat_v of_o such_o person_n as_o have_v a_o right_a to_o make_v war_n it_o be_v say_v and_o show_v that_o natural_o every_o man_n have_v a_o power_n to_o vindicate_v not_o only_o his_o own_o but_o the_o right_n of_o another_o 5._o another_o see_v lib._n 1._o c._n 5._o wherefore_o look_v what_o cause_n do_v justify_v a_o war_n undertake_v for_o ourselves_o the_o very_a same_o do_v justify_v a_o war_n make_v for_o another_o but_o our_o principal_n and_o most_o necessary_a care_n shall_v be_v for_o our_o own_o subject_n whether_o they_o be_v our_o domestic_n or_o such_o as_o live_v under_o our_o civil_a government_n for_o they_o be_v a_o part_n of_o the_o governor_n as_o we_o there_o show_v 2._o josh_n 10.6_o persicor_n 2._o thus_o joshua_n we_o read_v make_v war_n in_o defence_n of_o the_o gibeonite_n who_o have_v yield_v themselves_o unto_o he_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o denominate_v a_o man_n just_o that_o he_o wrong_v no_o man_n say_v procopius_n unless_o he_o also_o be_v careful_a to_o protect_v those_o from_o injury_n who_o for_o that_o very_a end_n have_v put_v themselves_o under_o he_o our_o ancestor_n say_v cicero_n to_o the_o roman_a senate_n do_v often_o make_v war_n in_o the_o behalf_n of_o their_o merchant_n and_o mariner_n when_o they_o have_v be_v abuse_v by_o stranger_n 2._o verr._n 2._o and_o in_o another_o place_n how_o many_o war_n say_v he_o do_v our_o forefather_n undertake_v to_o revenge_v the_o wrong_n do_v to_o the_o citizen_n of_o rome_n when_o their_o seaman_n have_v be_v imprison_v and_o their_o merchant_n spoil_v yea_o and_o the_o very_a same_o roman_n who_o refuse_v to_o take_v arm_n in_o the_o defence_n of_o a_o people_n that_o be_v their_o confederate_n think_v it_o necessary_a to_o defend_v the_o same_o people_n when_o they_o have_v surrender_v themselves_o and_o so_o become_v their_o subject_n thus_o do_v the_o campane_n bespeak_v the_o roman_n though_o you_o refuse_v to_o assist_v or_o defend_v we_o against_o our_o enemy_n whilst_o we_o be_v your_o friend_n and_o confederate_n yet_o now_o that_o we_o be_v your_o subject_n you_o will_v certain_o protect_v we_o whereupon_o florus_n say_v that_o the_o campane_n make_v that_o league_n which_o they_o have_v former_o contract_v with_o the_o roman_n more_o strong_a and_o inviolable_a by_o their_o voluntary_a surrender_n of_o all_o they_o have_v unto_o they_o for_o it_o agree_v not_o with_o the_o faith_n of_o the_o roman_n 7._o
lib._n 1._o non_fw-la illi_fw-la imperium_fw-la pelagi_fw-la renumque_fw-la tridentis_fw-la sed_fw-la mihi_fw-la sort_n datur_fw-la the_o sea_n be_v vast_a power_n be_v not_o by_o lot_n assign_v to_o he_o but_o i_o whereunto_o not_o much_o unlike_a be_v that_o of_o ovid_n rescindere_fw-la nunquam_fw-la 14._o metam_fw-la lib._n 14._o dîs_fw-la licet_fw-la acta_fw-la deûm_fw-la nor_o can_v the_o god_n each_o other_o act_n rescind_v so_o likewise_o euripides_n mos_fw-la ille_fw-la est_fw-la deûm_fw-la quod_fw-la cupiit_fw-la unus_fw-la huic_fw-la nefas_fw-la obsistere_fw-la the_o god_n their_o custom_n have_v none_o must_v oppose_v what_o any_o one_o do_v crave_v that_o be_v as_o st._n ambrose_n well_o expound_v it_o lest_o by_o usurp_v upon_o each_o other_o jurisdiction_n they_o shall_v stir_v up_o war_n among_o themselvo_n that_o every_o state_n shall_v be_v permit_v to_o punish_v their_o own_o subject_n be_v think_v by_o the_o corinthian_n in_o thucydides_n to_o be_v just_a and_o perseus_n in_o his_o oration_n to_o martius_n deny_v that_o he_o need_v to_o make_v any_o defence_n for_o himself_o for_o what_o he_o have_v do_v against_o the_o dolopes_n say_v jure_fw-la feci_fw-la meo_fw-la i_o do_v but_o exercise_v my_o own_o just_a right_n see_v that_o they_o be_v my_o subject_n and_o so_o under_o my_o jurisdiction_n for_o as_o st._n augustine_n observe_v arb._n lib._n 2._o de_fw-fr lib._n arb._n there_o be_v not_o the_o same_o reason_n that_o because_o it_o be_v a_o argument_n of_o some_o man_n goodness_n to_o confer_v courtesy_n on_o stranger_n therefore_o it_o shall_v be_v the_o like_a argument_n of_o their_o justice_n to_o punish_v those_o that_o belong_v to_o another_o jurisdiction_n but_o rather_o as_o procopius_n have_v it_o it_o be_v more_o agreeable_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o equity_n that_o every_o man_n shall_v careful_o govern_v his_o own_o province_n and_o not_o trouble_v himself_o with_o the_o affair_n of_o other_o yet_o be_v all_o these_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o such_o case_n wherein_o another_o man_n subject_n have_v manifest_o offend_v or_o at_o least_o whereof_o it_o be_v doubtful_a whether_o they_o have_v or_o not_o for_o to_o this_o end_n be_v empire_n at_o first_o distribute_v but_o they_o hold_v not_o in_o case_n subject_n apparent_o groan_v under_o such_o tyranny_n as_o no_o just_a man_n can_v approve_v of_o and_o therefore_o be_v preclude_v from_o those_o right_n that_o be_v common_a to_o humane_a society_n for_o in_o such_o a_o case_n as_o this_o it_o be_v that_o constantine_n make_v war_n against_o maxentius_n and_o licinius_n and_o other_o roman_a emperor_n against_o the_o persian_n or_o at_o least_o threaten_a so_o to_o do_v unless_o they_o protect_v from_o oppression_n such_o of_o their_o subject_n as_o be_v christian_n be_v persecute_v for_o no_o other_o cause_n but_o that_o of_o religion_n yea_o and_o although_o we_o shall_v grant_v that_o subject_n can_v not_o just_o take_v up_o arm_n against_o their_o prince_n no_o not_o in_o case_n of_o great_a necessity_n which_o we_o see_v be_v doubt_v even_o by_o those_o who_o purpose_n it_o be_v to_o defend_v the_o regal_a power_n yet_o will_v it_o not_o thence_o follow_v that_o other_o prince_n may_v not_o take_v arm_n in_o their_o own_o defence_n for_o whensoever_o the_o impediment_n to_o any_o action_n be_v mere_o personal_a and_o not_o draw_v from_o the_o thing_n itself_o then_o that_o which_o be_v unlawful_a for_o one_o to_o do_v by_o himself_o may_v yet_o be_v lawful_a for_o another_o to_o do_v for_o he_o ☞_o ☞_o if_o the_o matter_n be_v such_o wherein_o one_o man_n may_v profit_v another_o so_o a_o suit_n at_o law_n which_o a_o pupil_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o minority_n can_v maintain_v by_o himself_o his_o tutor_n or_o guardian_n may_v maintain_v for_o he_o so_o a_o client_n that_o can_v appear_v in_o his_o own_o person_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o distance_n of_o place_n may_v notwithstanding_o appear_v by_o his_o attorney_n now_o that_o impediment_n which_o in_o a_o subject_n hinder_v resistance_n arise_v not_o from_o the_o cause_n which_o be_v the_o same_o in_o subject_n as_o in_o those_o that_o be_v not_o but_o from_o the_o condition_n or_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n which_o pass_v not_o into_o another_o thus_o think_v seneca_n he_o that_o be_v separate_v from_o my_o country_n be_v vexatious_a to_o his_o own_o may_v be_v just_o by_o i_o invade_v as_o i_o have_v show_v before_o where_o we_o treat_v of_o punishment_n which_o thing_n be_v often_o conjoin_v with_o the_o defence_n of_o innocent_n although_o we_o be_v not_o ignorant_a by_o those_o many_o example_n we_o find_v in_o history_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a that_o ambition_n and_o a_o insatiable_a thirst_n after_o gain_n do_v too_o frequent_o disguise_v themselves_o under_o such_o specious_a pretence_n yet_o may_v we_o not_o thence_o conclude_v that_o because_o wicked_a man_n do_v sometime_o usurp_v this_o right_n for_o sinister_a end_n therefore_o to_o defend_v other_o man_n subject_n from_o manifest_a oppression_n cease_v to_o be_v lawful_a for_o navigant_n &_o piratae_fw-la ferro_fw-la utuntur_fw-la &_o latrones_fw-la pirate_n we_o see_v navigate_v the_o sea_n and_o thief_n wear_v sword_n yet_o no_o man_n will_v hence_o infer_v that_o it_o be_v not_o therefore_o lawful_a for_o merchant_n to_o traffic_v by_o sea_n or_o for_o prince_n to_o make_v use_n of_o arm_n to_o defend_v their_o subject_n ix_o of_o soldier_n of_o fortune_n but_o as_o those_o warlike_a confederacy_n which_o be_v make_v to_o the_o end_n that_o succour_n may_v be_v promise_v upon_o any_o war_n undertake_v by_o whomsoever_o or_o upon_o what_o occasion_n soever_o be_v it_o right_n or_o wrong_n be_v already_o declare_v to_o be_v unlawful_a so_o be_v there_o no_o kind_n of_o life_n more_o wicked_a than_o that_o of_o mercenary_a soldier_n who_o without_o any_o respect_n have_v to_o the_o equity_n of_o the_o cause_n fight_v only_o for_o plunder_v and_o pay_v to_o who_o ibi_fw-la fas_fw-la ubi_fw-la plurima_fw-la merces_fw-la that_o be_v the_o best_a cause_n which_o pay_v best_a 32._o livy_n 32._o which_o plato_n prove_v out_o of_o tyrtaeus_n this_o be_v it_o that_o philip_n upbraid_v the_o aetolian_n with_o and_o dionysius_n milesius_n condemn_v in_o the_o arcadian_n in_o these_o word_n belli_n instituuntur_fw-la nundinae_fw-la they_o make_v war_n a_o trade_n to_o live_v by_o and_o what_o be_v the_o common_a bane_n of_o all_o greece_n beside_o be_v matter_n of_o gain_n and_o profit_n to_o they_o whilst_o they_o send_v out_o their_o mercenary_n sometime_o to_o this_o part_n sometime_o to_o that_o without_o any_o regard_n to_o justice_n or_o equity_n sure_o a_o soldier_n be_v a_o thing_n to_o be_v much_o pity_v bacchid_n miles_n qui_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la causa_fw-la se_fw-la auctorat_fw-la neci_fw-la antiphanes_n bacchid_n who_o as_o antiphanes_n speak_v hire_v himself_o to_o be_v kill_v to_o preserve_v a_o life_n that_o be_v miserable_a so_o dion_n prusaeensis_n what_o can_v be_v more_o necessary_a what_o more_o dear_a and_o precious_a than_o life_n and_o yet_o even_o this_o many_o man_n imprudent_o lose_v for_o greediness_n of_o gain_n this_o be_v plautus_n his_o character_n of_o mercenary_n svam_fw-la qui_fw-la auro_fw-la vitam_fw-la venditant_fw-la their_o life_n for_o gold_n they_o sell_v the_o like_a do_v gunther_n aere_fw-la dato_fw-la conducta_fw-la cohors_fw-la &_o bellica_fw-la mile_n dona_n sequens_fw-la pretioque_fw-la suum_fw-la mutare_fw-la favorem_fw-la suetus_fw-la &_o accepto_fw-la pariter_fw-la cum_fw-la munere_fw-la bello_fw-la hunc_fw-la habuisse_fw-la dator_fw-la pretii_fw-la quem_fw-la jusserit_fw-la hostem_fw-la and_o yet_o do_v they_o sell_v their_o own_o life_n only_o it_o be_v the_o less_o hurt_n but_o together_o with_o their_o own_o they_o sell_v the_o life_n of_o many_o innocent_n tanto_fw-la carnifice_fw-la detestabiliores_fw-la quanto_fw-la pejus_fw-la est_fw-la sine_fw-la causa_fw-la quam_fw-la cum_fw-la causa_fw-la occidere_fw-la by_o so_o much_o be_v the_o condition_n of_o such_o soldier_n worse_o than_o that_o of_o hangman_n by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v more_o abominable_a to_o kill_v the_o innocent_a than_o to_o destroy_v the_o guilty_a as_o antisthenes_n be_v wont_a to_o say_v of_o tyrant_n tbat_v they_o be_v more_o cruel_a and_o merciless_a than_o common_a executioner_n for_o these_o hang_v thief_n and_o murderer_n only_o but_o those_o murder_n innocent_n and_o philip_n of_o macedon_n 18._o diodor._fw-la l._n 18._o as_o true_o of_o those_o who_o make_v war_n for_o gain_v only_o that_o war_n be_v to_o they_o as_o peace_n and_o peace_n as_o war._n so_o likewise_o seneca_n what_o may_v a_o man_n call_v this_o but_o madness_n to_o make_v danger_n our_o inseparable_a companion_n fierce_o to_o assault_v those_o who_o we_o know_v not_o to_o be_v enrage_v without_o any_o offence_n give_v to_o destroy_v all_o we_o meet_v and_o like_o wild_a beast_n to_o kill_v those_o who_o we_o never_o hate_v sure_o war_n be_v not_o a_o trade_n to_o live_v by_o nay_o
say_v servum_fw-la nihil_fw-la deliquisse_fw-la qui_fw-la domino_fw-la jubenti_fw-la obtemperavit_fw-la the_o servant_n be_v not_o to_o blame_v whilst_o he_o do_v but_o what_o his_o lord_n command_v he_o so_o in_o another_o place_n velle_fw-la non_fw-la creditur_fw-la qui_fw-la obsequitur_fw-la imperio_fw-la patris_fw-la vel_fw-la domini_fw-la it_o be_v not_o believe_v to_o be_v his_o own_o act_n if_o he_o do_v it_o in_o obedience_n either_o to_o his_o father_n or_o master_n mithridates_n free_o dismiss_v the_o servant_n of_o attilius_n without_o any_o punishment_n at_o all_o though_o they_o be_v find_v guilty_a of_o the_o murder_n intend_v upon_o he_o neither_o will_v he_o punish_v the_o child_n of_o those_o that_o have_v rebel_v against_o he_o because_o they_o be_v compel_v to_o rebellion_n by_o the_o command_v of_o other_o themisthius_n in_o his_o nine_o oration_n observe_v and_o that_o true_o that_o prince_n have_v always_o the_o resemblance_n of_o reason_n as_o soldier_n the_o like_a of_o anger_n the_o like_a be_v observe_v by_o tacitus_n god_n have_v allot_v unto_o prince_n the_o faculty_n of_o judgement_n but_o unto_o subject_n he_o have_v leave_v only_o the_o glory_n of_o obedience_n and_o as_o the_o same_o tacitus_n relate_v 3._o annal._n l._n 3._o the_o son_n of_o piso_n be_v by_o tiberius_n acquit_v of_o the_o crime_n of_o sedition_n because_o what_o he_o do_v be_v by_o his_o father_n command_n who_o he_o dare_v not_o disobey_v servus_n herilis_fw-la imperii_fw-la non_fw-la censor_n est_fw-la sed_fw-la minister_n 74._o de_fw-fr controu._n l._n 3._o c._n 9_o cont._n faustum_n lib._n 22._o c._n 74._o the_o servant_n be_v not_o to_o sit_v as_o judge_n of_o his_o master_n command_n to_o dispute_v they_o but_o to_o obey_v they_o but_o in_o this_o case_n of_o war_n let_v we_o hear_v what_o st_n augustine_n say_v if_o a_o good_a man_n shall_v happen_v to_o war_n under_o a_o king_n though_o sacrilegious_a he_o may_v be_v command_v fight_v with_o a_o good_a conscience_n if_o observe_v the_o order_n of_o his_o country_n peace_n he_o be_v either_o assure_v that_o what_o he_o be_v command_v be_v not_o repugnant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n or_o doubtful_a whether_o it_o be_v or_o not_o so_o that_o haply_o as_o the_o iniquity_n of_o the_o command_n may_v render_v the_o king_n guilty_a so_o the_o necessity_n of_o obey_v those_o command_n for_o order_n sake_n may_v likewise_o render_v the_o soldier_n innocent_a and_o again_o 26._o de_fw-fr civit._fw-la dei_fw-la lib._n 1._o c._n 26._o if_o a_o soldier_n under_o lawful_a command_n shall_v in_o obedience_n thereunto_o kill_v a_o man_n by_o the_o law_n of_o his_o city_n he_o be_v free_a from_o murder_n nay_o unless_o he_o do_v it_o he_o shall_v be_v hold_v as_o a_o traitor_n to_o his_o own_o country_n but_o if_o he_o shall_v do_v it_o of_o his_o own_o accord_n or_o without_o command_n he_o shall_v be_v guilty_a of_o murder_n that_o very_a law_n that_o will_v punish_v he_o if_o he_o do_v it_o without_o command_n will_v likewise_o punish_v he_o if_o he_o do_v it_o not_o be_v command_v and_o from_o hence_o arise_v that_o so_o general_o receive_v opinion_n i_o mean_v as_o to_o subject_n that_o a_o war_n may_v be_v just_a on_o both_o side_n that_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o they_o it_o may_v be_v on_o both_o side_n void_a of_o injustice_n whereunto_o the_o poet_n have_v respect_n when_o he_o say_v quis_fw-la justius_fw-la induat_fw-la arma_fw-la scire_fw-la nefas_fw-la who_o have_v the_o just_a cause_n it_o be_v hard_a to_o know_v yet_o be_v not_o this_o opinion_n so_o general_o receive_v but_o that_o it_o meet_v with_o some_o difficulty_n for_o pope_n adrian_n defend_v the_o contrary_a which_o may_v be_v confirm_v not_o by_o that_o argument_n precise_o which_o he_o urge_v but_o by_o this_o which_o seem_v to_o be_v more_o forcible_a namely_o that_o he_o that_o doubt_v contemplative_o ought_v in_o his_o active_a judgement_n to_o choose_v the_o safe_a part_n which_o be_v to_o abstain_v from_o war._n the_o esseni_n esseni_n the_o esseni_n be_v high_o commend_v for_o that_o among_o other_o thing_n they_o bind_v themselves_o by_o oath_n to_o hurt_v no_o man_n though_o they_o be_v command_v in_o imitation_n of_o who_o the_o pythagorean_n do_v whole_o abstain_v from_o war_n as_o be_v the_o ringleader_n to_o destruction_n command_v murder_n as_o by_o a_o law_n neither_o will_v it_o much_o avail_n to_o say_v for_o the_o other_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v dangerous_a to_o disobey_v for_o whilst_o both_o be_v uncertain_a for_o if_o the_o war_n be_v unjust_a it_o be_v no_o act_n of_o disobedience_n to_o avoid_v it_o he_o be_v not_o to_o be_v blame_v that_o choose_v the_o safe_a but_o our_o disobedience_n in_o such_o thing_n have_v in_o its_o own_o nature_n less_o of_o evil_n than_o murder_n especial_o of_o so_o many_o innocent_n it_o be_v story_v by_o the_o ancient_n that_o when_o mercury_n be_v accuse_v for_o kill_v of_o argus_n excuse_v himself_o for_o that_o he_o do_v it_o at_o the_o command_n of_o jupiter_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o god_n notwithstanding_o dare_v not_o acquit_v he_o no_o more_o do_v martial_a pothinus_n a_o officer_n of_o mark_n antony_n when_o he_o say_v antoni_fw-la tamen_fw-la est_fw-la pejor_fw-la quam_fw-la causa_fw-la pothini_fw-la hic_fw-la facinus_fw-la domino_fw-la praestitit_fw-la ille_fw-la sibi_fw-la worse_o than_o pothinus_n be_v case_n be_v antony_n be_v this_o for_o himself_o that_o for_o his_o lord_n do_v die_v nor_o will_v that_o be_v of_o much_o great_a moment_n which_o some_o man_n urge_v to_o the_o contrary_a namely_o that_o in_o case_n we_o admit_v that_o every_o private_a person_n may_v have_v liberty_n to_o judge_v of_o the_o justness_n of_o the_o war_n and_o according_o either_o yield_a or_o deny_v their_o obedience_n the_o commonwealth_n will_v soon_o be_v destroy_v because_o for_o the_o most_o part_n it_o can_v be_v expedient_a for_o the_o state_n that_o the_o reason_n of_o their_o counsel_n shall_v be_v communicate_v to_o the_o vulgar_a for_o although_o this_o may_v be_v true_a where_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o war_n be_v suasory_n only_o yet_o not_o where_o the_o war_n be_v justifiable_a for_o there_o the_o cause_n thereof_o shall_v be_v publish_v unto_o all_o that_o every_o man_n may_v judge_v of_o they_o and_o be_v satisfy_v in_o they_o what_o tertullian_n sometime_o say_v perhaps_o too_o confuse_o ☞_o ☞_o of_o law_n in_o general_a may_v very_o apposite_o be_v say_v of_o these_o of_o war_n no_o subject_n so_o faithful_o observe_v a_o law_n as_o he_o that_o know_v the_o reason_n of_o that_o law_n for_o every_o law_n ought_v to_o give_v testimony_n of_o its_o own_o integrity_n to_o those_o from_o who_o it_o require_v obedience_n on_o the_o contrary_a suspecta_fw-la lex_fw-la est_fw-la quae_fw-la probari_fw-la se_fw-la non_fw-la vult_fw-la improba_fw-la si_fw-la non_fw-la probata_fw-la dominetur_fw-la that_o law_n that_o will_v not_o endure_v the_o trial_n be_v hold_v suspect_v as_o that_o which_o be_v disapprove_v yet_o exact_v obedience_n be_v hold_v as_o wicked_a thus_o when_o ulysses_n endeavour_v to_o persuade_v achilles_n to_o join_v with_o the_o grecian_a prince_n in_o a_o war_n against_o the_o trojan_n achilles_n urge_v they_o to_o declare_v the_o cause_n papin_n papin_n what_o cause_n greece_n have_v so_o great_a a_o war_n to_o wage_v declare_v whereby_o thou_o may_v increase_v our_o rage_n and_o hence_o it_o be_v that_o theseus_n in_o the_o same_o poet_n thus_o encourage_v his_o soldier_n go_v and_o fight_v bold_o in_o a_o cause_n so_o just_a for_o as_o propertius_n well_o observe_v the_o justice_n of_o the_o cause_n can_v but_o heighten_v the_o spirit_n and_o inflame_v the_o indignation_n of_o a_o soldier_n who_o courage_n droop_v so_o that_o he_o grow_v ashamed_a of_o his_o arm_n when_o his_o cause_n be_v nought_o herod_n in_o his_o oration_n to_o the_o jew_n after_o the_o slaughter_n in_o arabia_n thus_o bespeak_v they_o josephus_n josephus_n i_o be_o willing_a to_o show_v you_o how_o just_o i_o have_v undertake_v this_o war_n be_v provoke_v thereunto_o by_o the_o reproach_n of_o our_o enemy_n which_o be_v know_v unto_o you_o must_v needs_o heighten_v your_o courage_n to_o a_o revenge_n it_o be_v very_o often_o verify_v what_o the_o panegyrist_n observe_v so_o prevalent_a even_o among_o army_n be_v a_o good_a conscience_n that_o the_o victory_n seem_v proper_o to_o belong_v not_o to_o the_o number_n or_o valour_n of_o the_o man_n but_o to_o the_o justness_n and_o equity_n of_o the_o cause_n and_o so_o some_o learned_a man_n have_v interpret_v that_o of_o gen._n 14.14_o as_o if_o abraham_n have_v before_o the_o fight_v instruct_v his_o servant_n full_o in_o the_o justice_n of_o his_o quarrel_n and_o certain_o the_o denunciation_n of_o war_n ought_v to_o be_v public_a and_o the_o cause_n express_v that_o the_o whole_a race_n of_o mankind_n may_v judge_v of_o the_o equity_n
of_o st_n ambrose_n history_n will_v inform_v we_o and_o although_o almighty_a god_n do_v so_o sometime_o yet_o ought_v that_o to_o be_v no_o example_n to_o we_o because_o of_o that_o full_a and_o absolute_a right_n of_o dominion_n that_o he_o have_v over_o we_o which_o he_o have_v not_o grant_v unto_o we_o to_o have_v one_o over_o another_o and_o yet_o even_o god_n himself_o who_o be_v lord_n paramount_n over_o all_o mankind_n do_v often_o spare_v a_o world_n of_o wicked_a and_o ungodly_a man_n for_o a_o very_a few_o that_o be_v good_a thereby_o manifest_v his_o equity_n as_o he_o be_v a_o judge_n as_o sufficient_o appear_v by_o that_o sweet_a colloquy_n between_o he_o and_o abraham_n concern_v sodom_n by_o which_o general_a rule_n it_o be_v easy_o collect_v etc._n gen._n 18.23_o etc._n etc._n how_o far_o our_o right_n extend_v in_o war_n against_o our_o enemy_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n v._o what_o we_o may_v do_v against_o they_o that_o supply_v our_o enemy_n with_o what_o they_o want_v and_o here_o another_o question_n be_v usual_o start_v namely_o what_o we_o may_v lawful_o do_v to_o those_o who_o be_v not_o enemy_n or_o at_o least_o will_v not_o be_v so_o repute_v and_o yet_o do_v daily_o supply_v our_o enemy_n with_o such_o thing_n as_o they_o need_v great_a contest_v have_v ancient_o be_v and_o now_o be_v about_o this_o matter_n some_o stiff_o maintain_v the_o rigour_n of_o the_o war_n other_o as_o earnest_o contend_v for_o the_o liberty_n of_o trade_n and_o traffic_n but_o first_o we_o must_v distinguish_v of_o the_o thing_n wherewith_o the_o enemy_n be_v supply_v for_o some_o thing_n there_o be_v that_o be_v of_o no_o use_n but_o in_o war_n as_o arm_n and_o ammunition_n some_o thing_n there_o be_v which_o be_v of_o no_o use_n at_o all_o in_o war_n 1._o procop._n goth_n l._n 1._o as_o thing_n serve_v for_o pleasure_n only_o and_o last_o some_o thing_n there_o be_v that_o be_v useful_a both_o in_o peace_n and_o war_n as_o money_n victual_n apparel_n ship_n and_o material_n for_o ship_n at_o athens_n it_o be_v prohibit_v to_o export_v flax_n bottle_n timber_n wax_n pitch_n and_o the_o like_a concern_v thing_n not_o useful_a but_o in_o war_n it_o be_v true_a what_o amalasuintha_n tell_v the_o emperor_n justinian_n he_o be_v to_o be_v esteem_v as_o a_o enemy_n that_o supply_v the_o enemy_n with_o thing_n necessary_a for_o war_n as_o to_o the_o second_o sort_n of_o thing_n there_o be_v no_o just_a cause_n of_o complaint_n so_o seneca_n think_v the_o favour_n of_o a_o tyrant_n i_o may_v purchase_v in_o case_n that_o which_o i_o give_v he_o do_v neither_o increase_v his_o power_n to_o do_v mischief_n nor_o confirm_v that_o which_o he_o already_o have_v for_o such_o thing_n as_o these_o a_o man_n may_v give_v without_o increase_a the_o common_a calamity_n i_o will_v not_o say_v he_o supply_v he_o with_o money_n whereby_o he_o may_v keep_v his_o army_n in_o pay_n but_o if_o he_o require_v marble_n perfume_n or_o costly_a apparel_n these_o be_v but_o the_o fuel_n of_o his_o lust_n can_v hurt_v no_o man_n but_o himself_o soldier_n and_o arm_n will_v i_o not_o furnish_v but_o if_o he_o will_v accept_v of_o the_o best_a artist_n i_o have_v to_o make_v scene_n for_o mask_n and_o play_n i_o shall_v willing_o part_v with_o they_o thus_o do_v hyram_n glad_o furnish_v king_n solomon_n with_o timber_n and_o all_o kind_n of_o curious_a artificer_n that_o may_v increase_v the_o delight_n he_o take_v in_o sumptuous_a building_n thereby_o to_o divert_v he_o from_o pursue_v with_o his_o vast_a riches_n his_o father_n conquest_n in_o syria_n so_o also_o st._n ambrose_n 30._o de_fw-fr off._n lib._n 1._o c._n 30._o to_o contribute_v to_o he_o that_o conspire_v against_o his_o own_o country_n be_v no_o commendable_a liberality_n as_o to_o the_o three_o sort_n of_o thing_n which_o be_v of_o doubtful_a use_n we_o must_v distinguish_v of_o the_o present_a state_n of_o the_o war._n for_o if_o i_o can_v defend_v myself_o unless_o i_o do_v intercept_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v send_v to_o my_o enemy_n necessity_n will_v give_v i_o a_o good_a right_n to_o they_o yet_o upon_o this_o condition_n that_o i_o make_v restitution_n unless_o there_o be_v sufficient_a cause_n to_o the_o contrary_n again_o if_o the_o supply_n that_o be_v send_v in_o do_v hinder_v the_o execution_n of_o my_o defence_n of_o the_o design_n and_o he_o that_o send_v it_o may_v have_v know_v that_o it_o will_v so_o do_v as_o for_o example_n if_o i_o have_v besiege_v a_o town_n and_o block_v up_o its_o port_n so_o that_o i_o may_v just_o expect_v the_o surrender_n of_o it_o or_o a_o peace_n in_o this_o case_n he_o that_o shall_v know_o send_v in_o relief_n be_v bind_v to_o give_v i_o satisfaction_n for_o the_o loss_n i_o sustain_v thereby_o no_o less_o than_o he_o that_o take_v a_o prisoner_n out_o of_o custody_n that_o owe_v i_o a_o just_a debt_n or_o instruct_v he_o how_o to_o make_v his_o escape_n thereby_o to_o defraud_v i_o and_o proportionable_o to_o that_o loss_n i_o sustain_v i_o may_v seize_v his_o good_n and_o posess_v they_o as_o my_o own_o till_o i_o be_o satisfy_v and_o if_o the_o damage_n be_v not_o already_o give_v but_o intend_v only_o then_o have_v i_o a_o right_n by_o the_o detention_n of_o those_o supply_n to_o compel_v he_o that_o send_v they_o to_o give_v security_n either_o by_o pledge_n hostage_n or_o the_o like_a that_o he_o will_v not_o for_o the_o future_a send_v any_o more_o supply_n to_o the_o besiege_a but_o in_o case_n the_o wrong_n do_v i_o by_o my_o enemy_n be_v manifest_o unjust_a and_o that_o he_o by_o those_o supply_n do_v abet_v and_o encourage_v he_o in_o his_o unjust_a war_n then_o he_o shall_v not_o only_o be_v bind_v to_o repair_v my_o loss_n civil_o but_o also_o criminal_o as_o he_o that_o rescue_v a_o notorious_a malefactor_n in_o the_o very_a presence_n of_o a_o judge_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o i_o to_o do_v unto_o he_o agreeable_a to_o his_o offence_n according_a to_o those_o rule_n which_o we_o have_v already_o set_v down_o for_o punishment_n and_o so_o long_o as_o we_o contain_v our_o sâ—lves_n within_o these_o bound_n we_o may_v make_v war_n upon_o he_o and_o for_o this_o cause_n do_v they_o that_o make_v war_n usual_o send_v out_o declaration_n and_o remonstrance_n to_o other_o nation_n as_o well_o to_o insinuate_v unto_o they_o the_o equity_n of_o their_o cause_n as_o also_o what_o probable_a hope_n they_o have_v to_o recover_v their_o right_n now_o the_o reason_n why_o we_o refer_v this_o matter_n to_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v because_o we_o find_v nothing_o certain_o determine_v in_o history_n by_o the_o voluntary_a law_n of_o nation_n as_o to_o it_o there_o be_v a_o book_n write_v in_o italian_a entitle_v libre_fw-la consulatus_fw-la maris_fw-la concern_v the_o government_n of_o the_o sea_n wherein_o be_v recite_v the_o constitution_n of_o the_o emperor_n of_o greece_n and_o germany_n the_o king_n of_o france_n spain_n syria_n cyprus_n the_o baleares_n venetian_n and_o genoese_a wherein_o be_v handle_v two_o hundred_o seventy_o four_o question_n upon_o this_o subject_a where_o we_o shall_v find_v it_o adjudge_v that_o if_o the_o ship_n with_o its_o freight_n be_v both_o the_o enemy_n than_o there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o both_o be_v lawful_a prize_n if_o the_o ship_n belong_v to_o such_o as_o be_v at_o peace_n with_o we_o and_o the_o good_n to_o our_o enemy_n we_o may_v enforce_v they_o to_o put_v into_o any_o of_o our_o ally_n or_o our_o port_n there_o to_o unlade_v the_o good_n yet_o so_o that_o we_o pay_v the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n for_o the_o freight_n of_o they_o but_o in_o case_n the_o good_n belong_v to_o our_o friend_n and_o the_o ship_n to_o our_o enemy_n then_o be_v the_o ship_n lawful_a prize_n and_o to_o be_v agree_v for_o which_o if_o refuse_v they_o may_v be_v compel_v into_o any_o harbour_n of_o our_o friend_n and_o withal_o to_o pay_v we_o for_o the_o freight_n of_o those_o good_n in_o the_o year_n 1438._o there_o be_v war_n between_o the_o hollander_n and_o the_o city_n of_o lubeck_n with_o other_o city_n confederate_a situate_a upon_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o the_o river_n albis_n it_o be_v in_o holland_n adjudge_v in_o full_a senate_n that_o the_o good_n find_v in_o a_o enemy_n ship_n if_o it_o do_v appear_v that_o they_o belong_v to_o other_o be_v no_o lawful_a prize_n and_o this_o be_v there_o from_o thence_o establish_v for_o a_o law_n and_o so_o plead_v by_o the_o danish_a king_n in_o the_o year_n 1597._o who_o thereupon_o send_v his_o ambassador_n into_o holland_n to_o assert_v his_o freedom_n to_o transport_v his_o good_n into_o spain_n notwithstanding_o the_o bloody_a war_n which_o the_o
take_v it_o i_o answer_v that_o this_o be_v true_a but_o on_o one_o side_n only_o and_o that_o likewise_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n but_o not_o by_o the_o voluntary_a law_n of_o nation_n which_o make_v provision_n for_o the_o safety_n of_o nation_n only_o 2._o ayala_n l._n 1._o c._n 5._o alb._n gent._n l._n 2._o c._n 2._o and_o not_o of_o those_o who_o be_v either_o no_o nation_n or_o but_o a_o corrupt_a part_n of_o one_o they_o likewise_o be_v in_o a_o error_n who_o conceive_v that_o in_o a_o war_n undertake_v for_o the_o defence_n either_o of_o our_o own_o person_n or_o our_o good_n there_o need_v no_o denunciation_n for_o even_o in_o such_o a_o war_n denunciation_n be_v altogether_o necessary_a though_o not_o simple_o yet_o to_o the_o obtain_v the_o effect_n proper_a to_o a_o just_a war_n as_o we_o have_v already_o hint_v and_o shall_v hereafter_o more_o full_o explain_v xiii_o whether_o a_o war_n may_v be_v as_o soon_o make_v as_o denounce_v neither_o be_v they_o in_o the_o right_n who_o hold_n that_o war_n can_v just_o be_v as_o soon_o make_v as_o it_o be_v denounce_v which_o cyrus_n do_v against_o the_o armenian_n and_o the_o roman_n against_o the_o carthaginian_n as_o i_o say_v before_o for_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n require_v not_o that_o any_o time_n shall_v be_v allow_v the_o war_n be_v denounce_v yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o nature_n and_o quality_n of_o the_o business_n may_v haply_o require_v that_o some_o time_n be_v give_v as_o in_o case_n restitution_n be_v demand_v or_o punishment_n against_o a_o offender_n but_o not_o as_o yet_o deny_v for_o in_o these_o case_n convenient_a time_n be_v to_o be_v grant_v for_o the_o do_v of_o it_o fourteen_o whether_o it_o be_v to_o be_v denounce_v in_o case_n the_o right_n of_o ambassador_n be_v violate_v nay_o though_o the_o right_n of_o ambassador_n shall_v be_v violate_v yet_o it_o will_v not_o thence_o follow_v that_o to_o the_o attain_v those_o effect_n which_o be_v proper_a to_o a_o just_a war_n denunciation_n be_v not_o necessary_a for_o it_o be_v sufficient_a if_o it_o be_v do_v either_o by_o citation_n declaration_n proclamation_n or_o any_o other_o safe_a way_n or_o mean_n as_o be_v customary_o do_v in_o such_o place_n whereunto_o we_o can_v without_o danger_n approach_n chap._n iu._n that_o in_o a_o solemn_a war_n the_o right_a of_o kill_v enemy_n be_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n grant_v i._o the_o effect_n of_o a_o solemn_a war_n general_o explain_v ii_o the_o word_n lawful_a distinguish_v into_o what_o may_v be_v do_v without_o blame_n though_o it_o may_v be_v more_o commendable_o otherwise_o and_o what_o be_v do_v be_v unpunishable_a iii_o that_o the_o effect_n of_o a_o solemn_a war_n general_o consider_v be_v therefore_o lawful_a because_o unpunishable_a iu._n why_o such_o effect_n be_v introduce_v v._o divers_a testimony_n concerâ—ing_v those_o effect_n vi_o in_o this_o sense_n it_o be_v lawful_a to_o kill_v or_o any_o other_o way_n to_o distress_n all_o that_o reside_v in_o a_o enemy_n territory_n vii_o what_o if_o they_o come_v thither_o before_o the_o war._n viii_o that_o the_o subject_n of_o a_o enemy_n may_v in_o any_o place_n be_v assault_v unless_o protect_v by_o the_o law_n of_o a_o foreign_a prince_n ix_o that_o this_o licence_n extend_v to_o woman_n and_o infant_n x._o yea_o and_o to_o captive_n and_o that_o at_o all_o time_n xi_o yea_o even_o unto_o such_o as_o be_v willing_a to_o yield_v themselves_o if_o not_o accept_v of_o xii_o also_o unto_o such_o as_o surrender_v themselves_o without_o condition_n xiii_o that_o this_o right_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v refer_v to_o any_o other_o cause_n as_o to_o retaliation_n obstinacy_n etc._n etc._n fourteen_o that_o this_o licence_n may_v be_v extend_v even_o to_o hostage_n xv._o by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n it_o be_v forbid_v to_o kill_v by_o poison_n xvi_o or_o to_o impoison_v either_o water_n or_o weapon_n xvii_o but_o not_o any_o other_o way_n to_o corrupt_v their_o water_n xviii_o whether_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n will_v admit_v the_o kill_n of_o a_o enemy_n by_o a_o private_a murderer_n explain_v xix_o whether_o the_o ravish_a of_o woman_n be_v permit_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n i._o the_o right_n of_o kill_v enemy_n in_o a_o solemn_a war._n servius_n upon_o this_o verse_n of_o virgil_n tum_o certare_fw-la odiis_fw-la tum_fw-la res_fw-la rapuisse_fw-la licebit_fw-la then_o lawful_a it_o be_v to_o fight_v to_o kill_v and_o spoil_v derive_v the_o fecial_a law_n from_o ancus_n martius_n and_o so_o upward_o from_o the_o aequicolae_n tell_v we_o that_o when_o any_o great_a injury_n be_v do_v unto_o the_o roman_n by_o any_o other_o nation_n the_o pater_fw-la patratus_fw-la or_o precedent_n of_o the_o college_n with_o some_o other_o of_o the_o herald_n who_o office_n it_o be_v to_o contract_v league_n and_o denounce_v war_n go_v to_o the_o border_n of_o that_o nation_n and_o there_o with_o a_o loud_a voice_n proclaim_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o war_n and_o if_o they_o do_v not_o restore_v the_o thing_n take_v or_o deliver_v up_o the_o offender_n within_o thirty_o day_n than_o he_o cast_v a_o javelin_n into_o their_o territory_n which_o be_v the_o begin_n of_o the_o war_n that_o do_v it_o be_v lawful_a for_o they_o to_o kill_v and_o spoil_v he_o have_v before_o say_v that_o the_o ancient_n under_o res_fw-la rapere_fw-la comprehend_v all_o manner_n of_o injury_n and_o under_o res_fw-la reddere_fw-la the_o restore_a thing_n all_o manner_n of_o satisfaction_n though_o there_o be_v nothing_o at_o all_o of_o rapine_n in_o the_o case_n whence_o we_o learn_v that_o a_o war_n solemn_o denounce_v between_o two_o nation_n or_o their_o chief_a magistrate_n have_v some_o peculiar_a effect_n 5._o crantzius_n saxonicorum_n 2._o 5._o which_o war_n in_o its_o own_o nature_n can_v challenge_v all_o which_o be_v very_o agreeable_a to_o what_o we_o have_v already_o quote_v from_o the_o roman_a lawyer_n ii_o the_o word_n lawful_a distinguish_v which_o word_n of_o virgil_n that_o we_o may_v the_o better_o understand_v we_o must_v note_v that_o the_o word_n lawful_a be_v take_v in_o a_o twofold_a sense_n for_o in_o the_o first_o place_n that_o be_v say_v to_o be_v lawful_a which_o be_v altogether_o just_a and_o honest_a though_o haply_o some_o other_o thing_n may_v be_v more_o commendable_o do_v in_o which_o sense_n st_n paul_n speak_v of_o thing_n in_o themselves_o indifferent_a say_v all_o thing_n be_v lawful_a for_o i_o 6.17_o 1_o cor._n 6.17_o but_o all_o thing_n be_v not_o expedient_a as_o for_o example_n to_o marry_v be_v lawful_a martion_n adu._n martion_n but_o to_o contain_v if_o it_o be_v with_o a_o pious_a intention_n be_v more_o laudable_a for_o as_o tertullian_n well_o observe_v continence_n will_v lose_v her_o best_a evidence_n if_o to_o marry_v be_v unlawful_a virgin_n say_v st._n hierome_n helu._n ad_fw-la helu._n deserve_v the_o great_a honour_n because_o what_o they_o may_v do_v without_o sin_n they_o voluntary_o disdain_v pammach_n ad_fw-la pammach_n and_o again_o all_o those_o supereminent_a virtue_n that_o lead_v to_o perfection_n be_v leave_v as_o arbitrary_a to_o our_o auditor_n nulla_fw-la tibi_fw-la imponitur_fw-la necessitas_fw-la ut_fw-la voluntas_fw-la praemium_fw-la consequatur_fw-la no_o necessity_n be_v impose_v on_o thou_o that_o what_o thou_o do_v true_o may_v receive_v the_o great_a reward_n st._n chrysostome_n speak_v of_o matrimony_n show_v that_o although_o it_o be_v lawful_a yet_o it_o be_v better_a to_o abstain_v and_o yet_o in_o his_o exposition_n on_o the_o seven_o to_o the_o roman_n 7._o ad_fw-la 1_o cor._n 7._o he_o say_v that_o to_o they_o that_o do_v not_o what_o they_o be_v command_v hell_n be_v denounce_v thereby_o show_v that_o thing_n absolute_o command_v be_v not_o of_o the_o same_o nature_n with_o those_o that_o be_v leave_v to_o their_o own_o free_a choice_n as_o virginity_n and_o the_o renounce_n of_o our_o possession_n because_o those_o that_o be_v command_v must_v of_o necessity_n be_v do_v and_o therefore_o in_o his_o second_o oration_n concern_v fast_v he_o place_v virginity_n without_o the_o list_n and_o above_o that_o which_o we_o be_v command_v to_o strive_v for_o unto_o which_o as_o he_o that_o can_v attain_v show_v his_o christian_a magnanimity_n so_o he_o that_o shall_v fall_v short_a of_o easy_o obtain_v pardon_v and_o in_o this_o sense_n also_o be_v second_o marriage_n lawful_a although_o to_o have_v be_v content_v with_o one_o only_o be_v much_o better_o 1._o strom._n 4._o see_v grat._n out_o of_o st_n aug._n c._n 14._o q._n 1._o ad_fw-la pollent_fw-la lib._n 1._o c._n 15._o grat._n c._n 28._o q._n 1._o as_o clemens_n alexandrinus_n right_o state_v the_o question_n where_o speak_v of_o a_o man_n that_o have_v contract_v a_o second_o marriage_n he_o say_v that_o although_o therein_o he_o sin_v not_o because_o there_o be_v no_o law_n
enravel_v in_o it_o and_o upon_o those_o who_o have_v since_o yield_v themselves_o as_o unto_o the_o conqueror_n but_o illos_fw-la damnâsti_fw-la hos_fw-la castigâsti_fw-la &_o postremos_fw-la miseratus_fw-la es_fw-la the_o first_o thou_o have_v condemn_v the_o next_o thou_o have_v chastise_v and_o on_o these_o last_o thou_o have_v have_v compassion_n and_o the_o same_o author_n in_o another_o place_n thus_o instruct_v a_o young_a emperor_n observe_v say_v he_o what_o a_o vast_a difference_n there_o be_v between_o a_o act_n do_v through_o misfortune_n a_o act_n do_v through_o imprudence_n and_o a_o act_n do_v out_o of_o obstinate_a malice_n now_o according_o it_o become_v a_o prince_n to_o pardon_v the_o first_o correct_v the_o second_o but_o to_o persecute_v these_o last_o even_o unto_o death_n thus_o do_v the_o emperor_n titus_n as_o josephus_n record_v it_o punish_v the_o leader_n of_o the_o people_n severe_o and_o exemplary_o but_o for_o the_o multitude_n he_o only_o rebuke_v they_o with_o sharp_a and_o menace_a word_n those_o injury_n that_o be_v do_v by_o misfortune_n only_o and_o that_o can_v not_o be_v avoid_v neither_o deserve_v to_o be_v punish_v nor_o be_v liable_a to_o restitution_n those_o that_o be_v wilful_a and_o malicious_a do_v both_o deserve_v punishment_n and_o be_v liable_a to_o restitution_n but_o those_o of_o a_o middle_a nature_n that_o be_v do_v through_o rashness_n or_o imprudence_n do_v engage_v we_o to_o restitution_n yet_o be_v not_o always_o punishable_a but_o if_o they_o be_v yet_o not_o unto_o death_n what_o themistius_n say_v of_o the_o emperor_n valens_n xiphilinus_n testify_v of_o that_o most_o excellent_a emperor_n trajan_n that_o though_o he_o be_v not_o capable_a of_o much_o bookish_a learning_n yet_o what_o concern_v himself_o and_o matter_n of_o government_n he_o both_o know_v and_o practise_v the_o like_a testimony_n herodian_a give_v of_o marcus_n aurelius_n that_o he_o be_v the_o only_a prince_n who_o wisdom_n consist_v not_o in_o discourse_v or_o in_o speculative_a knowledge_n but_o in_o a_o grave_n constant_a and_o sober_a habit_n both_o of_o life_n and_o manner_n the_o like_a character_n do_v xiphilinus_n give_v of_o the_o emperor_n macrinus_n leges_fw-la non_fw-la tam_fw-la norat_fw-la exactè_fw-la quà m_fw-la fideliter_fw-la exequabatur_fw-la he_o be_v not_o so_o skilful_a in_o the_o law_n as_o he_o be_v exact_a and_o faithful_a in_o the_o execution_n of_o they_o god_n grant_v such_o prince_n unto_o we_o in_o our_o day_n v._o the_o author_n of_o the_o war_n to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o they_o that_o follow_v they_o every_o history_n will_v furnish_v we_o with_o example_n of_o the_o different_a punishment_n inflict_v on_o the_o principal_a author_n of_o a_o war_n and_o those_o who_o have_v be_v seduce_v into_o it_o herodotus_n tell_v we_o that_o the_o grecian_n do_v severe_o punish_v the_o chief_a author_n of_o the_o revolt_n of_o the_o theban_n to_o the_o mede_n so_o do_v livy_n that_o the_o chief_a citizen_n of_o ardea_n be_v behead_v and_o when_o agrigentum_n be_v take_v he_o tell_v we_o that_o valerius_n levinus_n take_v the_o principal_a leader_n of_o the_o people_n who_o have_v first_o whip_v with_o rod_n he_o afterward_o behead_v but_o the_o rest_n together_o with_o the_o spoil_n of_o the_o city_n 4._o lib._n 4._o he_o sell_v and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o atella_n and_o calasia_n be_v take_v by_o surrender_n the_o leader_n of_o the_o people_n be_v put_v to_o death_n and_o elsewhere_o he_o thus_o bespeak_v the_o roman_a senate_n 26._o lib._n 26._o see_v that_o the_o principal_a author_n of_o this_o rebellion_n be_v deserve_o punish_v by_o the_o immortal_a god_n and_o by_o you_o o_o father_n conscript_n what_o do_v it_o please_v you_o shall_v be_v do_v with_o the_o innocent_a people_n whereupon_o it_o be_v at_o lengeh_a decree_v that_o they_o shall_v not_o only_o be_v pardon_v but_o that_o their_o city_n shall_v be_v restore_v unto_o they_o that_o so_o as_o he_o there_o speak_v vnde_fw-la orta_fw-la culpa_fw-la esset_fw-la ibi_fw-la poena_fw-la consisteret_fw-la where_o the_o crime_n begin_v the_o punishment_n shall_v cease_v euripides_n high_o commend_v eteocles_n the_o argive_a for_o that_o culpam_fw-la ferebat_fw-la semper_fw-la illo_fw-la judice_fw-la reus_n ipse_fw-la non_fw-la vrbs_fw-la patria_fw-la quae_fw-la passim_fw-la mali_fw-la rectoris_fw-la ergo_fw-la sustinet_fw-la calumniam_fw-la whilst_o he_o be_v judge_n the_o guilty_a person_n still_o bare_a his_o own_o punishment_n nor_o be_v it_o his_o will_n that_o prince_n crime_n their_o subject_n blood_n shall_v spill_v and_o the_o athenian_n 3._o lib._n 3._o as_o thucydides_n tell_v we_o repent_v of_o that_o decree_n which_o they_o have_v pass_v against_o the_o mitylenian_o whereby_o the_o whole_a city_n rather_o than_o the_o principal_a author_n only_o of_o their_o destruction_n shall_v be_v put_v to_o the_o sword_n and_o when_o demetrius_n take_v thebes_n he_o put_v ten_o of_o the_o leader_n of_o the_o people_n to_o the_o sword_n and_o spare_v the_o rest_n as_o diodorus_n testify_v vi_o and_o in_o they_o the_o cause_n whether_o probable_a or_o improbable_a but_o even_o in_o the_o author_n of_o the_o war_n distinguish_v we_o must_v of_o the_o cause_n for_o some_o cause_n there_o may_v be_v which_o though_o not_o just_a yet_o be_v such_o as_o may_v easy_o delude_v man_n not_o otherwise_o wicked_a the_o author_n to_o herennius_n set_v do_v this_o as_o a_o most_o equitable_a plea_n for_o pardon_n when_o to_o those_o injury_n we_o have_v do_v we_o have_v be_v provoke_v not_o by_o any_o hatred_n to_o the_o adverse_a part_n nor_o by_o our_o own_o cruelty_n but_o by_o the_o bond_n of_o love_n and_o faithfulness_n to_o other_o 7._o lib._n 2._o the_o clem_v c._n 7._o seneca_n wiseman_n will_v sometime_o dismiss_v his_o enemy_n with_o safety_n yea_o and_o sometime_o commend_v they_o too_o for_o their_o fidelity_n when_o he_o be_v convince_v that_o their_o engagement_n in_o that_o war_n be_v upon_o just_a and_o honest_a ground_n as_o to_o express_v their_o loyalty_n towards_o their_o prince_n to_o assert_v their_o own_o liberty_n 7._o lib._n 7._o or_o to_o keep_v faith_n with_o their_o friend_n and_o confederate_n whereunto_o they_o stand_v oblige_v the_o caerite_n in_o livy_n beg_v pardon_n of_o the_o roman_n for_o assist_v their_o kinsman_n the_o phocian_o and_o other_o who_o according_a to_o the_o league_n which_o with_o the_o good_a leave_n of_o the_o roman_n they_o have_v enter_v into_o 2._o leuct_v 2._o have_v help_v antiochus_n aristides_n concern_v the_o theban_n who_o have_v under_o the_o conduct_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n make_v war_n upon_o the_o athenian_n say_v that_o they_o be_v engage_v in_o a_o unjust_a action_n but_o not_o without_o a_o plausible_a excuse_n be_v thereunto_o induce_v by_o their_o fidelity_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o their_o league_n offic._n de_fw-fr offic._n cicero_n also_o conclude_v they_o to_o be_v pardonable_a who_o neither_o begin_v the_o war_n through_o hatred_n nor_o prosecute_v it_o with_o cruelty_n beside_o that_o war_n which_o be_v undertake_v mere_o for_o glory_n and_o empire_n be_v not_o to_o be_v prosecute_v with_o too_o much_o severity_n which_o king_n ptolemy_n seem_v to_o insinuate_v to_o demetrius_n when_o he_o tell_v he_o that_o he_o do_v not_o make_v war_n for_o plunder_n and_o spoil_n 3._o lib._n 3._o but_o for_o glory_n and_o empire_n only_o so_o severus_n in_o herodian_a confess_v that_o when_o he_o first_o enter_v into_o a_o war_n with_o niger_n he_o have_v not_o very_o plausible_a pretence_n to_o quarrel_v with_o he_o but_o the_o empire_n lie_v at_o stake_n and_o the_o title_n as_o then_o dubious_a each_o of_o they_o endeavour_v to_o gain_v it_o to_o himself_o what_o cicero_n observe_v in_o the_o war_n between_o pompey_n and_o caesar_n 2._o ep._n ad_fw-la brut._n 2._o do_v very_o often_o fall_v out_o that_o the_o thing_n in_o question_n be_v very_o obscure_a the_o contest_v among_o commander_n very_o great_a insomuch_o that_o many_o of_o we_o know_v not_o which_o cause_n be_v best_a but_o in_o his_o oration_n for_o marcellus_n he_o thus_o plead_v we_o may_v perhaps_o be_v guilty_a of_o some_o fail_n be_v as_o man_n subject_a to_o error_n but_o we_o be_v certain_o clear_a from_o all_o wickedness_n thus_o also_o do_v the_o same_o cicero_n excuse_n deiotarus_n to_o caesar_n for_o that_o he_o follow_v pompey_n not_o out_o of_o any_o hatred_n to_o caesar_n but_o be_v mislead_v by_o vulgar_a error_n so_o likewise_o sallust_n in_o his_o history_n the_o residue_n of_o the_o multitude_n lead_v more_o by_o popular_a report_n than_o by_o their_o own_o judgement_n do_v one_o follow_v another_o every_o one_o think_v his_o leader_n wise_a than_o himself_o what_o brutus_n sometime_o say_v of_o civil_a war_n may_v also_o be_v say_v of_o all_o other_o war_n namely_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v more_o discreet_o manage_v than_o to_o suffer_v the_o common_a
of_o they_o do_v deserve_v it_o yet_o in_o consideration_n of_o humane_a frailty_n and_o of_o the_o instability_n of_o fortune_n or_o some_o such_o probable_a reason_n he_o either_o altogether_o omit_v or_o at_o least_o content_n himself_o with_o such_o a_o punishment_n as_o be_v not_o capital_a it_o be_v a_o excellent_a observation_n that_o diodorus_n make_v that_o whosoever_o succeed_v prosperous_o in_o war_n whether_o it_o be_v the_o expugnation_n of_o city_n or_o victory_n in_o battle_n saepe_fw-la fortunae_fw-la magis_fw-la quam_fw-la virtuti_fw-la debentur_fw-la be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n rather_o the_o gift_n of_o fortune_n than_o the_o necessary_a effect_n of_o true_a valour_n but_o to_o show_v mercy_n unto_o such_o as_o they_o have_v conquer_v be_v the_o work_n of_o providence_n only_o thus_o alexander_n in_o curtius_n though_o he_o be_v high_o incense_v against_o the_o author_n of_o the_o war_n yet_o he_o think_v it_o prudent_a to_o forgive_v they_o all_o viii_o the_o innocent_a not_o to_o suffer_v for_o the_o nocent_a concern_v such_o as_o may_v occasional_o or_o accidental_o but_o not_o intentional_o be_v kill_v my_o opinion_n be_v as_o i_o have_v already_o say_v that_o if_o not_o for_o justice_n sake_n yet_o for_o pity_n we_o ought_v not_o to_o attempt_v any_o such_o design_n wherein_o the_o safety_n of_o so_o many_o innocent_n may_v be_v concern_v unless_o it_o be_v for_o some_o very_a great_a cause_n or_o for_o the_o necessary_a preservation_n of_o a_o multitude_n 5._o lib._n 5._o of_o the_o same_o mind_n be_v polybius_n it_o be_v a_o good_a man_n duty_n not_o to_o prosecute_v a_o mortal_a war_n though_o against_o such_o as_o be_v not_o just_a any_o long_a than_o till_o they_o have_v give_v satisfaction_n for_o the_o wrong_n do_v and_o reform_v what_o be_v amiss_o but_o not_o to_o involve_v the_o innocent_a with_o the_o nocent_a in_o the_o same_o punishment_n but_o rather_o to_o spare_v the_o nocent_o for_o the_o innocent_n sake_n ix_o child_n and_o woman_n to_o be_v spare_v these_o thing_n be_v grant_v it_o will_v be_v no_o hard_a matter_n to_o determine_v those_o thing_n that_o be_v more_o special_a for_o as_o seneca_n in_o those_o book_n wherein_o he_o seem_v to_o be_v angry_a with_o himself_o observe_v 24._o observe_v de_fw-fr ira_fw-la l._n 3._o c._n 24._o pverum_fw-la aetas_fw-la excusat_fw-la foeminam_fw-la sexus_fw-la child_n by_o their_o nonage_n and_o woman_n by_o their_o sex_n be_v to_o be_v excuse_v god_n himself_o in_o the_o war_n of_o the_o hebrew_n even_o after_o the_o peace_n be_v offer_v and_o refuse_v take_v special_a care_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o woman_n and_o infant_n 20.14_o deut._n 20.14_o some_o few_o nation_n only_o be_v by_o a_o particular_a law_n except_v against_o who_o the_o war_n that_o be_v make_v be_v not_o in_o the_o behalf_n of_o man_n but_o of_o god_n and_o therefore_o it_o be_v call_v the_o war_n of_o the_o lord_n 31.40_o num._n 31.40_o and_o when_o he_o command_v the_o midianitish_a woman_n to_o be_v slay_v for_o crime_n proper_o their_o own_o he_o except_v those_o who_o be_v pure_a virgin_n yea_o and_o when_o he_o threaten_v imminent_a destruction_n to_o the_o ninivites_n for_o their_o cry_a sin_n he_o suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v move_v to_o retract_v that_o sentence_n by_o the_o compassion_n he_o take_v on_o so_o many_o thousand_o of_o infant_n 9_o jon._n 4.2_o de_fw-fr ira_fw-la l._n 2_o c._n 9_o who_o know_v not_o good_a from_o evil_n very_o like_v whereunto_o be_v that_o of_o seneca_n num_fw-la quis_fw-la irascitur_fw-la pveris_fw-la quorum_fw-la aetas_fw-la nondum_fw-la novit_fw-la rerum_fw-la discrimina_fw-la will_v any_o man_n be_v angry_a with_o a_o infant_n who_o age_n be_v not_o yet_o capable_a of_o understand_v the_o difference_n of_o thing_n so_o also_o be_v that_o of_o lucan_n crimine_fw-la quo_fw-la parvi_fw-la caedem_fw-la potuere_fw-la mereri_fw-la for_o what_o crime_n may_v poor_a infant_n slaughter_v be_v if_o god_n then_o who_o without_o any_o cause_n at_o all_o may_v without_o violation_n of_o his_o justice_n destroy_v any_o of_o what_o sex_n or_o age_n soever_o as_o be_v lord_n and_o giver_n of_o life_n do_v thus_o not_o only_o spare_v woman_n and_o child_n himself_o but_o command_v we_o also_o so_o to_o do_v how_o do_v it_o befit_v man_n to_o who_o god_n have_v give_v no_o such_o right_n over_o the_o life_n of_o other_o but_o what_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o conservation_n of_o humane_a safety_n and_o society_n to_o destroy_v in_o our_o rage_n so_o many_o innocent_a person_n who_o can_v neither_o resist_v nor_o deserve_v our_o anger_n let_v we_o therefore_o in_o the_o first_o place_n observe_v what_o the_o judgement_n of_o those_o people_n and_o of_o those_o time_n be_v concern_v infant_n wherein_o religion_n and_o piety_n be_v in_o great_a esteem_n camilli_n plut._n vita_fw-la camilli_n we_o say_v camillus_n in_o livy_n come_v not_o arm_v against_o woman_n and_o child_n for_o though_o we_o destroy_v their_o city_n yet_o we_o spare_v they_o but_o our_o arm_n we_o use_v against_o such_o only_a as_o be_v arm_v and_o plutarch_n handle_v the_o same_o subject_a tell_v we_o that_o good_a man_n observe_v some_o law_n even_o in_o war_n where_o we_o must_v note_v that_o he_o say_v among_o good_a man_n that_o so_o we_o may_v distinguish_v between_o this_o moderation_n and_o that_o licence_n which_o be_v support_v only_o by_o custom_n and_o impunity_n 24._o lib._n 24._o and_o livy_n speak_v elsewhere_o of_o child_n say_v a_o qua_fw-la aetate_fw-la etiam_fw-la host_n irati_fw-la abstinerent_fw-la who_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o age_n a_o enemy_n though_o enrage_v will_v spare_v and_o in_o another_o place_n describe_v the_o more_o than_o humane_a cruelty_n commit_v in_o war_n he_o say_v usque_fw-la ad_fw-la infantem_fw-la caedem_fw-la ira_fw-la crudelis_fw-la pervenit_fw-la their_o cruelty_n be_v such_o that_o they_o spare_v neither_o infant_n nor_o suckling_n 16._o lib._n 8._o c._n 16._o pliny_n in_o his_o natural_a history_n discourse_v of_o the_o lion_n say_v that_o when_o he_o roam_v about_o he_o prey_v upon_o man_n rather_o than_o woman_n but_o never_o upon_o infant_n unless_o extreme_o oppress_v with_o hunger_n horace_n passionate_o complain_v of_o the_o brutish_a cruelty_n of_o achilles_n who_o be_v so_o merciless_a that_o he_o spare_v not_o infant_n no_o not_o in_o the_o womb._n nescios_fw-la fari_fw-la pueros_fw-la achiuûm_fw-la vreret_n flammis_fw-la etiam_fw-la latentes_fw-la matris_fw-la in_o alvo_fw-la the_o trojan_a babe_n but_o late_o bear_v and_o those_o that_o from_o the_o womb_n be_v tear_v in_o fire_n be_v burn_v philo_z also_o in_o his_o special_a law_n tell_v we_o that_o there_o may_v be_v a_o thousand_o specious_a pretence_n for_o man_n to_o quarrel_n with_o man_n but_o for_o man_n to_o quarrel_n with_o infant_n and_o suckling_n ne_fw-fr calumina_fw-la quidam_fw-la quod_fw-la dicat_fw-la habet_fw-la even_o malice_n itself_o can_v have_v no_o pretence_n they_o be_v so_o very_o innocent_a josephus_n likewise_o speak_v of_o manaemus_n say_v that_o he_o that_o in_o war_n destroy_v leave_v nothing_o undo_v that_o cruelty_n can_v do_v and_o â—e_n record_v it_o of_o judas_n the_o maccabite_n that_o upon_o the_o take_n of_o bosra_n and_o emphrone_n he_o destroy_v all_o the_o male_n among_o they_o and_o whosoever_o he_o find_v in_o they_o able_a to_o fight_v and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o call_v that_o punishment_n which_o alexander_n surname_v thracidas_n inflict_v upon_o the_o jewish_a woman_n and_o child_n a_o revenge_n more_o than_o humane_a agathias_n also_o concern_v this_o subject_n write_v thus_o forasmuch_o as_o piety_n forbid_v we_o to_o exercise_v our_o rage_n upon_o infant_n new_o bear_v who_o must_v needs_o be_v ignorant_a of_o their_o father_n crime_n therefore_o shall_v this_o sin_n be_v sure_o and_o severe_o visit_v upon_o you_o nicetas_n also_o or_o whosoever_o else_o continue_v that_o story_n unto_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n write_v of_o the_o scythian_n who_o take_v athira_n say_v neither_o be_v their_o babe_n as_o yet_o suck_v at_o their_o mother_n breast_n exempt_v from_o their_o outrage_n but_o be_v either_o mow_v down_o by_o the_o sword_n like_o grass_n or_o suffer_v to_o pine_v and_o wither_v like_o blossom_n for_o want_n of_o nourishment_n a_o most_o barbarous_a act_n of_o man_n void_a of_o humanity_n and_o have_v no_o sense_n of_o the_o wrong_n do_v unto_o nature_n herself_o nor_o of_o the_o breach_n they_o make_v of_o the_o law_n both_o of_o god_n and_o man_n by_o extend_v their_o cruelty_n beyond_o what_o be_v necessary_a in_o subdue_a their_o enemy_n whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v those_o pious_a mandate_n give_v by_o queen_n elizabeth_n record_v by_o mr._n cambden_n in_o the_o year_n 1596._o 1596._o camden_n 1596._o who_o when_o she_o send_v out_o her_o fleet_n against_o the_o spaniard_n give_v charge_n that_o if_o they_o take_v any_o town_n they_o shall_v spare_v the_o female_a
liceant_fw-la est_fw-la aliquid_fw-la quod_fw-la in_o hominem_fw-la licere_fw-la commune_v jus_o animantium_fw-la vetat_fw-la although_o whatsoever_o be_v do_v to_o a_o slave_n be_v lawful_a yet_o be_v there_o some_o thing_n which_o the_o very_a law_n of_o nature_n prohibit_v to_o be_v do_v unto_o he_o as_o he_o be_v a_o man_n for_o whosoever_o be_v bear_v a_o man_n though_o he_o be_v a_o slave_n phelim_n phelim_n yet_o do_v he_o not_o thereby_o cease_v to_o be_v a_o man_n so_o seneca_n be_v they_o servant_n yet_o be_v they_o man_n 47._o epist_n 47._o be_v they_o servant_n yea_o and_o our_o companion_n be_v they_o servant_n yea_o and_o our_o humble_a friend_n be_v thy_o servant_n yea_o and_o our_o fellow_n servant_n if_o we_o do_v but_o consider_v what_o power_n fortune_n have_v over_o either_o of_o we_o and_o a_o little_a after_o in_o the_o same_o epistle_n consider_v that_o he_o who_o thou_o call_v thy_o servant_n be_v bear_v of_o the_o same_o nature_n equal_o to_o enjoy_v the_o same_o common_a air_n equal_o to_o breathe_v live_v and_o die_v as_o thyself_o and_o if_o it_o have_v so_o please_v fortune_n may_v as_o well_o have_v see_v thou_o a_o slave_n as_o he_o now_o see_v thou_o a_o freeman_n and_o what_o we_o may_v read_v in_o macrobius_n be_v but_o the_o same_o advice_n that_o st._n paul_n commend_v unto_o we_o 4.1_o coll._n 4.1_o master_n do_v unto_o your_o servant_n that_o which_o be_v just_a and_o honest_a as_o know_v that_o you_o also_o have_v a_o master_n in_o heaven_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o admonish_v we_o not_o to_o terrify_v they_o with_o menace_n and_o threaten_n which_o he_o press_v upon_o we_o by_o the_o same_o argument_n because_o we_o also_o have_v a_o master_n in_o heaven_n who_o regard_v not_o such_o distinction_n of_o quality_n 14._o lib._n 7._o c._n 14._o in_o the_o constitution_n of_o clemens_n romanus_n we_o have_v this_o advice_n govern_v not_o thy_o man_n nor_o thy_o maid-servant_n with_o too_o much_o austerity_n the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v give_v by_o barnabas_n in_o his_o epistle_n lest_o thereby_o thou_o testify_v against_o thyself_o that_o thou_o fear_v not_o he_o who_o be_v the_o supreme_a lord_n both_o of_o they_o and_o thou_o clemens_n alexandrinus_n also_o exhort_v we_o to_o use_v our_o servant_n as_o our_o second_o self_n see_v that_o they_o be_v man_n as_o well_o as_o we_o imitate_v therein_o that_o wise_a hebrew_n if_o thou_o have_v a_o servant_n use_v he_o as_o a_o brother_n for_o he_o be_v such_o a_o one_o as_o thyself_o iii_o that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a to_o kill_v a_o innocent_a let_v we_o now_o admit_v that_o the_o lord_n have_v over_o his_o slave_n the_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n to_o uphold_v his_o domestic_a discipline_n but_o then_o let_v that_o jurisdiction_n be_v use_v with_o that_o religious_a moderation_n as_o the_o magistrate_n use_v in_o the_o public_a this_o be_v the_o advice_n of_o seneca_n 47._o de_fw-fr clem._n lib._n 1._o cap._n 18._o &_o ep._n 47._o in_o thy_o bondman_n thou_o be_v to_o consider_v not_o what_o thou_o may_v inflict_v on_o he_o without_o the_o restraint_n of_o the_o law_n but_o what_o in_o equity_n and_o good_a conscience_n thou_o ought_v to_o do_v unto_o he_o which_o require_v sometime_o to_o favour_n even_o thy_o captive_n and_o thy_o slave_n who_o thou_o have_v buy_v with_o thy_o money_n 18._o de._n benes_z lib._n 3._o c._n 18._o and_o in_o another_o place_n compare_v subject_n with_o servant_n he_o say_v though_o they_o have_v different_a title_n yet_o be_v the_o licence_n over_o both_o the_o same_o which_o certain_o hold_v true_a in_o this_o particular_a in_o take_v away_o the_o life_n of_o either_o majores_fw-la nostri_fw-la domum_fw-la nostram_fw-la pusillam_fw-la rempublicam_fw-la esse_fw-la voluerunt_fw-la our_o ancestor_n say_v seneca_n do_v reckon_v every_o family_n as_o a_o little_a commonwealth_n 43._o ep._n 43._o so_o also_o pliny_n every_o man_n house_n as_o to_o servant_n be_v as_o a_o city_n insomuch_o that_o cato_n the_o censor_n as_o plutarch_n inform_v we_o will_v not_o punish_v any_o of_o his_o servant_n for_o never_o so_o great_a a_o fault_n nisi_fw-la postquam_fw-la damnatus_fw-la esset_fw-la etiam_fw-la conservorum_fw-la judicio_fw-la until_o he_o have_v be_v find_v guilty_a by_o his_o fellow_n servant_n 15._o job_n 31.13_o 14_o 15._o whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v that_o of_o job_n if_o i_o do_v despise_v the_o cause_n of_o my_o manservant_n or_o of_o my_o maid-servant_n when_o they_o contend_v with_o i_o what_o then_o shall_v i_o do_v when_o god_n rise_v up_o and_o when_o he_o visit_v what_o shall_v i_o answer_v he_o do_v not_o he_o that_o make_v he_o make_v i_o and_o do_v not_o one_o fashion_n we_o both_o iu._n nor_o unmerciful_o to_o punish_v he_o yea_o and_o to_o lesser_a punishment_n as_o stripe_n and_o blow_n etc._n etc._n much_o of_o equity_n and_o favour_n be_v to_o be_v show_v to_o captive_n and_o bondman_n thou_o shall_v not_o oppress_v he_o or_o rule_n over_o he_o with_o rigour_n say_v the_o divine_a law_n concern_v the_o hebrew_n servant_n which_o since_o the_o come_n of_o our_o saviour_n 25._o levit._fw-la 25._o by_o reason_n of_o that_o affinity_n that_o there_o be_v between_o all_o mankind_n aught_o to_o extend_v to_o all_o servant_n upon_o which_o law_n philo_n thus_o gloss_v servant_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o good_n of_o fortune_n be_v our_o inferior_n but_o in_o respect_n of_o our_o common_a nature_n our_o equal_n but_o the_o rule_n of_o divine_a justice_n say_v he_o be_v not_o that_o which_o be_v agreeable_a to_o fortune_n but_o to_o nature_n master_n therefore_o be_v not_o to_o behave_v themselves_o towards_o their_o servant_n insolent_o nor_o to_o abuse_v that_o power_n which_o the_o law_n permit_v they_o thereby_o to_o grow_v cruel_a for_o these_o be_v sign_n not_o of_o a_o meek_a and_o calm_a but_o rather_o of_o a_o froward_a and_o intemperate_a mind_n domineer_a over_o their_o servant_n in_o a_o tyrannical_a way_n legationum_fw-la in_o excerp_v legationum_fw-la priscus_n compare_v the_o roman_n with_o other_o barbarous_a nation_n tell_v we_o that_o they_o treat_v captive_n with_o much_o more_o mildness_n than_o other_o do_v perform_v unto_o they_o rather_o the_o office_n of_o father_n and_o tutor_n than_o of_o conqueror_n for_o as_o they_o studious_o withdraw_v they_o from_o those_o thing_n which_o in_o respect_n of_o their_o own_o custom_n be_v unlawful_a so_o if_o they_o do_v offend_v they_o only_o correct_v they_o as_o son_n but_o to_o kill_v they_o as_o the_o scythian_n do_v they_o esteem_v utter_o unlawful_a there_o be_v divers_a kind_n of_o liberty_n indulge_v unto_o they_o by_o their_o lord_n and_o that_o not_o only_o whilst_o they_o live_v but_o at_o their_o death_n for_o whatsoever_o die_v they_o ordain_v or_o appoint_v to_o be_v do_v with_o that_o which_o be_v their_o own_o have_v the_o power_n and_o force_v of_o a_o law_n philo_n in_o his_o second_o book_n of_o special_a law_n as_o also_o st._n cyprian_n in_o his_o epistle_n to_o demetrian_n high_o blame_v this_o severity_n towards_o servant_n if_o thou_o be_v not_o ready_o obey_v in_o all_o thing_n say_v they_o if_o thy_o will_n be_v not_o execute_v as_o a_o law_n thou_o grow_v present_o imperious_a and_o cruel_a thou_o torment_v thy_o slave_n with_o whip_n and_o scourge_n thou_o afflict_a he_o with_o hunger_n thirst_n nakedness_n and_o ofttimes_o wound_v he_o and_o throw_v he_o into_o prison_n and_o yet_o wretched_a man_n that_o thou_o be_v whilst_o thou_o thus_o abuse_v thy_o power_n towards_o thy_o captivate_v slave_n thou_o forget_v thy_o duty_n to_o and_o thy_o fear_n of_o the_o lord_n thy_o god_n now_o what_o can_v be_v more_o foolish_a and_o absurd_a say_v seneca_n seneca_n seneca_n than_o to_o make_v the_o condition_n of_o a_o servant_n worse_o than_o that_o of_o a_o beast_n he_o that_o will_v skilful_o manage_v a_o horse_n will_v not_o provoke_v and_o exasperate_v he_o with_o many_o stripe_n for_o unless_o he_o be_v gentle_o handle_v at_o the_o first_o he_o grow_v fearful_a and_o headstrong_a and_o again_o what_o can_v be_v more_o unseemly_a say_v the_o same_o seneca_n than_o to_o exercise_v that_o cruelty_n upon_o a_o man_n though_o our_o slave_n which_o we_o will_v be_v ashamed_a to_o exercise_v over_o dog_n or_o oxen._a to_o restrain_v which_o brutish_a cruelty_n it_o be_v wise_o provide_v by_o the_o hebrew_n law_n that_o if_o a_o master_n do_v strike_v out_o the_o eye_n or_o tooth_n of_o his_o servant_n injurious_o he_o be_v for_o that_o eye_n or_o tooth_n sake_n to_o let_v he_o go_v free_a exod._n 21.26_o 27._o whereby_o it_o fall_v out_o say_v philo_z that_o the_o master_n undergo_v for_o his_o cruelty_n a_o double_a punishment_n in_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o servant_n both_o labour_n and_o ransom_n whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v a_o three_o more_o grievous_a
that_o city_n may_v stand_v no_o less_o oblige_v than_o their_o parent_n but_o for_o those_o that_o be_v unborn_a this_o reason_n suffice_v not_o but_o some_o other_o be_v requisite_a as_o the_o express_a consent_n of_o parent_n together_o with_o the_o necessity_n of_o nourish_v they_o and_o that_o even_o for_o ever_o or_o for_o afford_v they_o aliment_n and_o that_o so_o long_o only_o until_o their_o labour_n shall_v full_o satisfy_v the_o charge_n of_o their_o maintenance_n if_o any_o right_n beyond_o this_o be_v give_v to_o a_o lord_n over_o such_o child_n it_o proceed_v from_o the_o too_o great_a indulgence_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n to_o the_o lord_n themselves_o ix_o what_o may_v be_v do_v where_o bond-slavery_n be_v not_o in_o use_n but_o in_o such_o place_n where_o this_o right_n of_o make_v man_n slave_n be_v not_o in_o use_n there_o the_o best_a way_n be_v to_o exchange_v prisoner_n and_o next_o to_o this_o be_v to_o release_v they_o pay_v their_o ransom_n which_o likewise_o shall_v not_o be_v over_o great_a but_o moderate_a neither_o can_v any_o man_n set_v down_o a_o certain_a rate_n but_o common_a humanity_n instruct_v we_o that_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v so_o excessive_a as_o that_o the_o prisoner_n be_v release_v shall_v thereby_o want_v necessary_n which_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n even_o unto_o such_o as_o through_o their_o own_o peculiar_a fact_n be_v fall_v into_o debt_n in_o other_o place_n the_o ransom_n of_o prisoner_n be_v prefix_v either_o by_o mutual_a covenant_n or_o by_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n among_o the_o grecian_n of_o old_a the_o ransom_n of_o a_o common_a soldier_n be_v mina_n a_o pound_n that_o be_v of_o our_o coin_n about_o three_o pound_n two_o shilling_n and_o six_o penny_n we_o now_o a_o day_n require_v for_o every_o soldier_n a_o month_n pay_v in_o the_o war_n between_o france_n and_o spain_n in_o italy_n the_o ransom_n of_o every_o horseman_n be_v the_o four_o part_n of_o a_o year_n pay_v unless_o he_o be_v a_o captain_n or_o some_o other_o eminent_a commander_n or_o that_o he_o be_v take_v in_o a_o just_a fight_n or_o at_o the_o storm_a of_o a_o town_n as_o mariana_n testify_v 18._o lib._n 27._o c._n 18._o plutarch_n record_v it_o of_o the_o corinthian_n and_o the_o megarense_n quest_n graec._n graec._n that_o the_o war_n between_o they_o be_v prosecute_v mild_o and_o as_o it_o become_v neighbour_n and_o kinsman_n if_o any_o man_n be_v take_v prisoner_n he_o that_o take_v he_o entertain_v he_o as_o his_o guest_n and_o take_v his_o word_n for_o his_o ransom_n dismiss_v he_o friendly_a whence_o arise_v the_o name_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o one_o that_o by_o the_o courteous_a usage_n of_o his_o enemy_n take_v in_o the_o war_n make_v he_o his_o friend_n but_o much_o more_o magnanimous_a be_v that_o of_o pyrrhus_n so_o high_o extol_v by_o cicero_n no_o wealth_n i_o ask_v nor_o ransom_n will_v i_o take_v it_o be_v steel_n not_o gold_n that_o must_v the_o victor_n make_v yet_o whoso_o after_o fight_n shall_v chance_v to_o live_v to_o he_o his_o liberty_n i_o will_v free_o give_v pyrrhus_n think_v no_o doubt_n that_o his_o cause_n be_v good_a but_o yet_o he_o be_v content_a to_o restore_v they_o to_o liberty_n who_o some_o probable_a reason_n have_v induce_v to_o fight_v against_o he_o the_o like_a fact_n of_o cyrus_n xenophon_n high_o commend_v as_o polybius_n do_v that_o of_o king_n philip_n 2._o cyropast_n l._n 2._o and_o curtius_n that_o of_o alexander_n plutarch_n also_o record_v the_o same_o of_o king_n ptolemy_n demet._n vit._n demet._n and_o of_o demetrius_n that_o they_o strive_v whether_o of_o they_o shall_v excel_v not_o so_o much_o in_o arm_n as_o in_o clemency_n and_o benignity_n towards_o the_o vanquish_a 7._o strabo_n l._n 7._o and_o dromichaetes_n king_n of_o the_o getes_n have_v take_v lysimachus_n prisoner_n in_o war_n entertain_v he_o friendly_a as_o his_o guest_n and_o understand_v by_o the_o king_n how_o poor_o and_o yet_o how_o oblige_o the_o getick_a nation_n live_v he_o choose_v ever_o after_o rather_o to_o make_v they_o his_o friend_n than_o his_o enemy_n chap._n xv._o moderation_n in_o the_o acquire_n of_o empire_n i._o how_o far_o internal_a justice_n permit_v the_o acquire_v of_o empire_n ii_o that_o by_o this_o right_a to_o spare_v the_o conquer_a be_v laudable_a iii_o either_o hy_z mix_v the_o conquer_a among_o the_o conqueror_n iu._n or_o by_o leave_v they_o under_o their_o government_n who_o before_o have_v it_o v._o yet_o sometime_o place_v garrison_n among_o they_o vi_o or_o by_o impose_v on_o they_o tribute_n and_o such_o like_a charge_n vii_o the_o benefit_n that_o arise_v from_o such_o moderation_n viii_o example_n and_o of_o the_o change_n of_o government_n over_o such_o as_o be_v conquer_v ix_o the_o empire_n though_o gain_v yet_o some_o part_n thereof_o aught_o to_o be_v leave_v to_o the_o vanquish_a x._o or_o at_o least_o some_o kind_n of_o liberty_n xi_o especial_o in_o matter_n that_o concern_v religion_n xii_o at_o least_o the_o vanquish_a be_v to_o be_v treat_v with_o much_o clemency_n and_o why_o i._o how_o far_o empire_n may_v be_v gain_v by_o internal_a justice_n what_o in_o equity_n be_v requisite_a or_o in_o humanity_n commendable_a be_v do_v to_o single_a person_n be_v so_o much_o more_o be_v do_v to_o a_o nation_n or_o any_o part_n of_o it_o by_o how_o much_o the_o good_a or_o evil_n that_o be_v do_v to_o a_o multitude_n be_v more_o notorious_a than_o the_o same_o do_v to_o particular_a man_n sure_o by_o a_o just_a war_n as_o other_o thing_n so_o also_o the_o right_n of_o sovereignty_n over_o the_o people_n and_o the_o very_o right_o that_o the_o people_n have_v in_o the_o government_n may_v be_v lawful_o acquire_v that_o be_v to_o say_v so_o far_o as_o the_o greatness_n either_o of_o the_o punishment_n due_a to_o their_o crime_n or_o of_o some_o other_o debt_n do_v warrant_v it_o whereunto_o we_o may_v add_v so_o far_o as_o be_v necessary_a to_o secure_v the_o conqueror_n from_o some_o great_a and_o imminent_a danger_n that_o otherwise_o may_v befall_v he_o but_o this_o cause_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n mix_v with_o other_o which_o notwithstanding_o as_o well_o in_o make_v of_o peace_n as_o in_o prosecute_a the_o victory_n be_v principal_o aim_v at_o for_o in_o the_o other_o case_n that_o the_o conqueror_n remit_v the_o punishment_n or_o debt_n it_o be_v from_o his_o mercy_n but_o that_o security_n which_o in_o public_a danger_n exceed_v moderation_n be_v cruelty_n thus_o do_v isocrates_n advise_v philip_n it_o will_v suffice_v thou_o so_o far_o to_o subdue_v the_o barbarian_n that_o thou_o may_v secure_v the_o peace_n of_o thy_o own_o country_n ii_o to_o abstain_v from_o it_o commendable_a that_o which_o sallust_n record_v of_o the_o ancient_n roman_n be_v worthy_a of_o our_o imitation_n namely_o that_o they_o be_v so_o religious_a that_o they_o they_o take_v nothing_o away_o from_o the_o conquer_a but_o the_o licence_n they_o take_v to_o do_v they_o wrong_n and_o in_o another_o place_n he_o tell_v we_o that_o wise_a man_n make_v war_n for_o peace_n sake_n and_o sustain_v labour_n in_o hope_n of_o rest_n sapientes_fw-la pacis_fw-la causa_fw-la bellum_fw-la gerunt_fw-la 1._o jugurth_n de_fw-fr rep._n l._n 7._o c._n 14_o 15._o &_o c._n 10._o de_fw-fr off._n l._n 1._o &_o laborem_fw-la spe_fw-la otii_fw-la sustentant_fw-la not_o much_o discrepant_a be_v that_o of_o aristotle_n the_o end_n of_o war_n be_v peace_n as_o the_o end_n of_o motion_n be_v rest_n to_o the_o same_o purpose_n be_v that_o notable_a say_n of_o cicero_n bellum_fw-la ita_fw-la suscipiatur_fw-la ut_fw-la nihil_fw-la aliud_fw-la nisi_fw-la pax_fw-la quaesita_fw-la videatur_fw-la war_n shall_v be_v so_o make_v as_o if_o nothing_o else_o be_v thereby_o intend_v but_o peace_n and_o in_o another_o place_n war_n shall_v be_v undertake_v for_o this_o cause_n only_o that_o we_o may_v live_v in_o peace_n and_o not_o be_v injure_v nor_o be_v this_o much_o different_a from_o what_o our_o christian_a divine_n teach_v we_o the_o end_n say_v they_o of_o war_n be_v to_o remove_v those_o thing_n that_o disturb_v peace_n before_o ninus_n his_o reign_n king_n be_v studious_a to_o preserve_v the_o bound_n of_o their_o own_o empire_n but_o not_o to_o enlarge_v they_o thus_o alexander_n write_v to_o artaxerxes_n the_o persian_a manendum_fw-la cuique_fw-la intra_fw-la fine_n suos_fw-la nihil_fw-la novando_fw-la every_o king_n ought_v to_o confine_v himself_o within_o his_o own_o dominion_n and_o not_o encroach_v upon_o another_o neither_o shall_v any_o man_n out_o of_o a_o uncertain_a hope_n invade_v the_o right_n of_o another_o but_o rest_v content_v with_o his_o own_o all_o kingdom_n be_v at_o first_o limit_v with_o their_o own_o bound_n neither_o be_v king_n so_o ambitious_a of_o empire_n to_o themselves_o as_o of_o glory_n
jupiter_n himself_o and_o deserve_o for_o a_o great_a cause_n of_o their_o prosperity_n may_v be_v attribute_v to_o their_o faith_n which_o they_o religious_o keep_v both_o with_o their_o friend_n and_o enemy_n though_o all_o other_o law_n sleep_v in_o war_n yet_o must_v faith_n and_o justice_n be_v strict_o observe_v say_v ambrose_n of_o the_o same_o mind_n be_v st_n augustine_n bonif._n ep._n 205._o ad_fw-la bonif._n fides_n quando_fw-la promittitur_fw-la etiam_fw-la hosti_fw-la servanda_fw-la est_fw-la contra_fw-la quem_fw-la bellum_fw-la geritur_fw-la when_o our_o word_n be_v past_a it_o must_v be_v keep_v though_o with_o a_o enemy_n against_o who_o we_o wage_v war._n foedera_fw-la jurastis_fw-la dexteras_fw-la dedistis_fw-la quae_fw-la etiam_fw-la inter_fw-la host_n valent_fw-la you_o have_v swear_v league_n with_o we_o 4._o appian_n civil_a 4._o say_v archelaus_n the_o philosopher_n in_o appian_n you_o have_v plight_v unto_o we_o your_o faith_n all_o which_o be_v in_o force_n even_o among_o enemy_n for_o in_o be_v enemy_n they_o cease_v not_o to_o be_v rational_a man_n but_o by_o be_v man_n endow_v with_o reason_n they_o be_v capable_a of_o a_o right_n by_o virtue_n of_o a_o promise_n camillus_n in_o livy_n profess_v that_o there_o be_v between_o he_o and_o the_o falisci_n such_o a_o society_n as_o be_v common_a with_o all_o mankind_n but_o even_o from_o this_o common_a society_n of_o discourse_n and_o reason_n there_o natural_o arise_v that_o obligation_n from_o a_o promise_n whereof_o we_o now_o speak_v neither_o must_v we_o think_v that_o because_o as_o many_o author_n hold_v it_o be_v lawful_a or_o at_o least_o blameless_a to_o deceive_v a_o enemy_n by_o falsehood_n therefore_o by_o a_o parity_n of_o reason_n the_o same_o may_v be_v do_v though_o we_o have_v give_v our_o faith_n for_o the_o obligation_n of_o speak_a truth_n proceed_v from_o a_o cause_n long_o precede_v any_o war_n and_o which_o may_v haply_o be_v in_o some_o measure_n relax_v by_o war_n but_o a_o promise_n do_v of_o itself_o confer_v a_o new_a right_n which_o difference_n be_v clear_o discern_v by_o aristotle_n who_o treat_v of_o veracity_n thus_o distinguish_v i_o speak_v not_o of_o he_o who_o speak_v truth_n in_o ordinary_a contract_n and_o agreement_n and_o in_o those_o which_o appertain_v unto_o justice_n and_o injustice_n which_o be_v indeed_o branch_n of_o another_o virtue_n pausanias_n speak_v of_o philip_n of_o macedon_n give_v of_o he_o this_o character_n no_o man_n say_v he_o can_v well_o style_v he_o a_o good_a emperor_n as_o be_v indeed_o always_o regardless_o of_o his_o oath_n though_o make_v by_o the_o immortal_a god_n and_o upon_o every_o slight_a advantage_n faithless_a in_o his_o promise_n so_o that_o though_o a_o king_n no_o man_n be_v less_o to_o be_v believe_v either_o upon_o his_o word_n or_o oath_n than_o himself_o the_o like_a testimony_n do_v valerius_n maximus_n give_v of_o hannibal_n namely_o that_o as_o profess_v a_o enemy_n as_o he_o be_v to_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o all_o the_o italian_n yet_o be_v he_o a_o much_o great_a enemy_n to_o faith_n and_o sincerity_n rejoice_v always_o in_o falsehood_n and_o lie_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v commendable_a virtue_n whereby_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o whereas_o he_o have_v otherwise_o bequeath_v unto_o the_o world_n a_o honourable_a memory_n of_o himself_o he_o hereby_o leave_v it_o disputable_a whether_o his_o vice_n do_v not_o exceed_v his_o virtue_n thus_o the_o trojan_n in_o homer_n be_v prick_v in_o conscience_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o perfidiousness_n condemn_v themselves_o rumpentes_fw-la foedera_fw-la sacra_fw-la juratamque_fw-la fidem_fw-la pugnamus_fw-la non_fw-la quibus_fw-la fas_fw-la est_fw-la break_v our_o sacred_a league_n and_o faith_n though_o swear_v we_o fight_v '_o against_o those_o who_o such_o false_a deal_n scorn_v ii_o faith_n to_o be_v keep_v with_o thief_n and_o tyrant_n neither_o as_o we_o have_v already_o say_v 5._o say_v lib._n 2._o c._n 13._o sect._n 5._o may_v we_o admit_v of_o that_o of_o cicero_n nulla_fw-la nobis_fw-la societas_fw-la cum_fw-la tyrannis_fw-la that_o no_o society_n be_v to_o be_v hold_v with_o tyrant_n no_o nor_o of_o the_o same_o cicero_n pirata_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la perduellium_fw-la numero_fw-la cum_fw-la hoc_fw-la nec_fw-la fides_fw-la esse_fw-la debet_fw-la nec_fw-la jusjurandum_fw-la commune_v a_o pirate_n be_v not_o to_o be_v reckon_v as_o any_o man_n particular_a enemy_n with_o who_o neither_o faith_n nor_o common_a oath_n be_v to_o be_v keep_v nor_o that_o of_o seneca_n who_o speak_v of_o a_o tyrant_n say_v benef_n say_v lib._n 7._o the_o benef_n all_o obligation_n to_o he_o be_v cancel_v if_o he_o cut_v off_o from_o that_o which_o be_v the_o common_a right_n of_o all_o mankind_n from_o which_o impure_a fountain_n proceed_v that_o error_n of_o michael_n ephesus_n nicom_o ephesus_n ad_fw-la 5._o nicom_o who_o teach_v that_o it_o be_v not_o adultery_n that_o be_v commit_v with_o the_o wife_n of_o a_o tyrant_n non_fw-la putans_fw-la adulterium_fw-la vxorem_fw-la tyranni_fw-la polluere_fw-la sicut_fw-la nec_fw-la homicidium_fw-la tyranvum_fw-la occidere_fw-la suppose_v it_o say_v seneca_n 7._o seneca_n sen._n in_o excerp_v 4._o 7._o no_o adultery_n to_o pollute_v the_o wife_n of_o a_o tyrant_n nor_o murder_n to_o kill_v he_o thus_o julius_n clarus_n 56._o clarus_n in_o sect._n homicid_n n._n 56._o conceive_v that_o a_o woman_n who_o stand_v outlawed_a may_v be_v lie_v withal_o without_o be_v punish_v as_o a_o adulterer_n and_o thus_o do_v some_o of_o the_o jewish_a doctor_n maintain_v the_o like_a error_n concern_v stranger_n 20.10_o stranger_n r._n levi_n ben._n gerson_n in_o levit_fw-la 20.10_o who_o marriage_n they_o reckon_v as_o none_o at_o all_o but_o pompey_n finish_v a_o great_a part_n of_o that_o naval_a war_n which_o he_o make_v against_o pirate_n by_o covenant_v to_o preserve_v their_o life_n and_o to_o assign_v they_o a_o country_n wherein_o they_o may_v live_v without_o rapine_n and_o of_o didius_n we_o read_v that_o he_o be_v condemn_v as_o perfidious_a for_o break_v faith_n with_o the_o celtibrians_n who_o live_v by_o robbery_n caesar_n also_o in_o the_o three_o of_o his_o civil_a war_n write_v of_o a_o composition_n make_v by_o the_o roman_a captain_n with_o the_o tory_n and_o renegado_n who_o lie_v lurk_v in_o the_o pirenaean_a mountain_n now_o who_o can_v say_v that_o such_o a_o composition_n be_v make_v be_v not_o bind_v it_o be_v true_a indeed_o that_o such_o agreement_n do_v not_o produce_v so_o friendly_a a_o communion_n as_o that_o which_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n have_v introduce_v between_o enemy_n engage_v in_o a_o solemn_a and_o just_a war_n but_o yet_o be_v man_n it_o may_v induce_v such_o a_o communion_n as_o natural_a right_n afford_v they_o as_o porphyry_n right_o argue_v which_o be_v sufficient_a to_o prove_v that_o such_o contract_n be_v to_o be_v perform_v thus_o do_v lucullus_n keep_v his_o faith_n give_v to_o apollonius_n who_o be_v captain_n of_o the_o renegado_n as_o diodorus_n record_v and_o thus_o do_v augustus_n pay_v the_o ransom_n impose_v on_o he_o by_o crocata_fw-la the_o thief_n be_v by_o he_o apprehend_v rather_o than_o he_o will_v satisfy_v his_o word_n as_o dio_n testify_v iii_o this_o objection_n that_o such_o deserve_v punishment_n answer_v but_o let_v we_o now_o see_v what_o more_o probable_a argument_n than_o those_o bring_v by_o cicero_n may_v be_v produce_v the_o first_o whereof_o be_v this_o that_o such_o as_o be_v notorious_o wicked_a and_o be_v no_o part_n of_o a_o civil_a society_n may_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v by_o any_o man_n punish_v as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v but_o they_o that_o may_v lawful_o be_v punish_v even_o with_o death_n may_v also_o be_v lawful_o despoil_v of_o their_o good_n and_o dispossess_v of_o their_o other_o right_n as_o the_o same_o cicero_n well_o observe_v 3._o offic._n lib._n 3._o non_fw-la est_fw-la contra_fw-la naturam_fw-la spoliare_fw-la eum_fw-la si_fw-la possis_fw-la quem_fw-la honestum_fw-la est_fw-la necare_fw-la it_o be_v no_o violation_n of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o despoil_v he_o of_o his_o good_n if_o we_o can_v who_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o kill_v but_o among_o those_o thing_n wherein_o he_o claim_v a_o right_a even_o those_o which_o accrue_v unto_o he_o by_o virtue_n of_o any_o promise_n that_o be_v make_v to_o he_o may_v be_v include_v and_o therefore_o even_o those_o by_o way_n of_o punishment_n may_v lawful_o be_v take_v from_o he_o whereunto_o i_o answer_v that_o all_o this_o may_v be_v very_o true_a if_o we_o do_v not_o know_o treat_v with_o he_o as_o such_o but_o in_o case_n we_o treat_v with_o a_o thief_n as_o such_o we_o be_v so_o to_o be_v understand_v as_o if_o we_o be_v content_v to_o remit_v the_o punishment_n due_a as_o to_o that_o offence_n because_o as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o say_v promise_n be_v always_o to_o be_v take_v in_o such_o a_o sense_n as_o that_o
because_o as_o the_o same_o diony_n halicarnessensis_fw-la excellent_o observe_v 3._o observe_v lib._n 3._o non_fw-la tam_fw-la cogitandum_fw-la est_fw-la de_fw-la sarcienda_fw-la in_o praesens_fw-la amicitia_fw-la quam_fw-la id_fw-la curandum_fw-la ne_fw-la bello_fw-la iterum_fw-la implicemur_fw-la neque_fw-la enim_fw-la ad_fw-la differenda_fw-la sed_fw-la ad_fw-la auferenda_fw-la mala_fw-la convenimus_fw-la we_o be_v not_o so_o much_o to_o consider_v how_o to_o piece_v up_o a_o break_a friendship_n for_o the_o present_a as_o how_o to_o provide_v that_o we_o be_v not_o again_o entangle_v in_o the_o same_o war_n hereafter_o for_o our_o main_a design_n in_o this_o treaty_n be_v not_o to_o put_v off_o the_o misery_n of_o war_n but_o to_o take_v they_o quite_o away_o which_o last_o word_n be_v borrow_v from_o isocrates_n pace_fw-la orat._n pro_fw-la pace_fw-la xx._n thing_n take_v after_o the_o peace_n be_v make_v be_v to_o be_v restore_v the_o peace_n be_v once_o conclude_v and_o ratify_v it_o be_v expedient_a that_o whatsoever_o be_v take_v away_o afterward_o must_v be_v restore_v for_o from_o thenceforth_o all_o licence_n of_o war_n be_v take_v away_o xxi_o some_o caution_n concern_v the_o restore_n of_o thing_n take_v in_o war._n but_o among_o those_o article_n that_o concern_v the_o restitution_n of_o thing_n take_v in_o war_n those_o in_o the_o first_o place_n will_v admit_v of_o a_o large_a interpretation_n that_o be_v mutual_a than_o those_o that_o concern_v one_o party_n only_o and_o next_o those_o that_o respect_v prisoner_n be_v to_o be_v construe_v with_o more_o allowance_n of_o favour_n than_o those_o that_o respect_v thing_n and_o among_o those_o that_o respect_v thing_n those_o that_o have_v relation_n to_o land_n ought_v to_o be_v more_o favourable_o understand_v than_o those_o that_o relate_v to_o movable_n and_o even_o among_o these_o such_o as_o be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o common_a wealth_n than_o those_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o private_a man_n 2._o cic._n de_fw-fr offic._n l._n 2._o and_o among_o those_o article_n that_o command_v the_o restitution_n of_o thing_n in_o the_o possession_n of_o private_a man_n those_o be_v to_o be_v take_v in_o the_o large_a sense_n that_o be_v possess_v under_o a_o gainful_a than_o those_o under_o a_o chargeable_a title_n as_o thing_n buy_v with_o our_o money_n and_o thing_n hold_v in_o dowry_n by_o marriage_n xxii_o the_o profit_v restore_v with_o the_o thing_n to_o whosoever_o any_o thing_n be_v grant_v by_o article_n of_o peace_n to_o he_o also_o be_v grant_v all_o the_o fruit_n and_o profit_n thereof_o from_o the_o time_n of_o that_o concession_n but_o not_o before_o which_o augustus_n just_o defend_v against_o sextus_n pompeius_n who_o have_v peloponnesus_n grant_v unto_o he_o claim_v all_o the_o tribute_n that_o be_v in_o arrear_n for_o some_o year_n past_a before_o the_o time_n of_o that_o grant_n xxiii_o the_o name_n of_o country_n the_o name_n of_o country_n be_v to_o be_v take_v as_o they_o be_v at_o present_a use_v not_o so_o much_o by_o the_o common_a people_n as_o by_o such_o as_o be_v learned_a for_o by_o such_o only_o be_v these_o affair_n negotiate_v xxiv_o reference_n to_o some_o former_a agreement_n the_o aforesaid_a rule_n be_v of_o frequent_a use_n as_o often_o as_o reference_n be_v have_v to_o some_o precedent_n or_o ancient_a agreement_n for_o so_o often_o the_o quality_n and_o condition_n express_v in_o that_o agreement_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v repâ—aâ—â—â—_n 248._o quintil._n dec._n 248._o and_o he_o shall_v be_v deem_v to_o have_v perform_v his_o agreement_n who_o be_v willing_a to_o have_v perform_v it_o have_v he_o not_o be_v hinder_v by_o another_o in_o who_o power_n it_o be_v to_o obstruct_v the_o performance_n of_o it_o xxv_o of_o delay_n but_o whereas_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o excuse_n may_v be_v admit_v for_o some_o short_a delay_n in_o the_o performance_n of_o a_o agreement_n this_o hold_v not_o true_a unless_o that_o delay_n be_v occasion_v by_o a_o unexpected_a and_o unavoidable_a necessity_n that_o some_o of_o our_o canon_n do_v seem_v to_o favour_v such_o purgâ—tions_n be_v no_o wonder_n see_v that_o it_o be_v their_o design_n to_o persuade_v christian_n to_o such_o thing_n as_o promote_v mutual_a charity_n but_o in_o this_o question_n that_o concern_v the_o interpretation_n of_o agreâ—ments_n we_o inquire_v not_o what_o be_v best_a no_o nor_o what_o either_o piety_n or_o religion_n require_v of_o we_o but_o what_o we_o may_v lawful_o be_v compel_v unto_o all_o which_o be_v to_o be_v determine_v by_o that_o justicâ—_n 〈◊〉_d wâ—_n call_v external_a xxvi_o the_o interpretation_n of_o word_n doubtful_a ought_v to_o favour_v the_o weak_a but_o where_o the_o word_n wâ—â—l_a bâ—aâ—_n a_o double_a sense_n that_o interpretation_n be_v most_o to_o be_v favour_v which_o make_v against_o he_o tâ—at_o impose_v law_n because_o he_o be_v usual_o the_o most_o potent_a party_n the_o power_n say_v hannibal_n be_v in_o he_o that_o give_v not_o in_o he_o that_o demand_v condition_n of_o peace_n as_o in_o other_o contract_n that_o be_v doubtful_a the_o interpretation_n ought_v to_o favour_v the_o buyer_n for_o the_o seller_n may_v blame_v himself_o that_o he_o do_v not_o full_o express_v himself_o but_o the_o other_o receive_v condition_n in_o word_n that_o will_v admit_v of_o divers_a sense_n have_v a_o right_a to_o accept_v of_o what_o be_v offer_v in_o that_o sense_n which_o be_v most_o favourable_a to_o himself_o tua_fw-la merx_fw-la persa_n persa_n tua_fw-la judicatio_fw-la est_fw-la say_v plautus_n it_o be_v in_o he_o to_o set_v the_o price_n that_o own_v the_o good_n in_o war_n he_o prescribe_v first_o that_o be_v most_o powerful_a but_o in_o demand_v condition_n he_o first_o speak_v that_o be_v the_o weak_a so_o silvius_n in_o plutarch_n eorum_fw-la est_fw-la prius_fw-la loqui_fw-la qui_fw-la opus_fw-la habent_fw-la pace_n victori_fw-la satis_fw-la est_fw-la tacere_fw-la let_v they_o speak_v first_o that_o stand_v in_o need_n of_o peace_n it_o be_v enough_o for_o the_o conqueror_n to_o be_v silent_a xxvii_o great_a difference_n between_o give_v cause_n of_o a_o new_a war_n and_o break_v the_o peace_n it_o it_o also_o frequent_o dispute_v when_o a_o peace_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v break_v for_o it_o be_v not_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n to_o give_v a_o cause_n of_o war_n and_o to_o break_v a_o peace_n but_o between_o these_o two_o the_o difference_n be_v great_a as_o well_o to_o require_v punishment_n from_o the_o delinquent_n as_o to_o vindicate_v the_o faith_n of_o he_o against_o who_o the_o offence_n be_v commit_v in_o other_o matter_n now_o a_o peace_n may_v be_v break_v three_o several_a way_n first_o by_o do_v that_o which_o be_v contrary_a to_o all_o peace_n second_o in_o do_v contrary_a to_o that_o which_o be_v plain_o and_o express_o say_v in_o that_o peace_n three_o way_n peace_n break_v three_o way_n in_o do_v contrary_a to_o that_o which_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o every_o peace_n ought_v to_o be_v understand_v xxviii_o the_o first_o way_n of_o break_a peace_n first_o the_o peace_n be_v break_v when_o that_o be_v do_v which_o be_v contrary_a to_o all_o peace_n as_o when_o we_o be_v invade_v by_o force_n of_o arm_n there_o be_v no_o new_a cause_n of_o war_n which_o if_o with_o any_o probability_n it_o may_v be_v allege_v better_o it_o be_v so_o to_o understand_v it_o as_o if_o the_o war_n be_v simple_o unjust_a than_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v both_o unjust_a and_o also_o treacherous_a pacem_fw-la rumpunt_fw-la non_fw-la qui_fw-la vim_o vi_fw-la arcent_fw-la thucyd._n thucyd._n sed_fw-la qui_fw-la priores_fw-la vim_o inferunt_fw-la they_o break_v not_o the_o peace_n who_o repel_v force_n with_o force_n 29._o lib._n 29._o but_o they_o who_o first_o offer_v violence_n therefore_o ammianus_n speak_v of_o the_o roman_n say_v that_o they_o purposely_o give_v back_o because_o they_o will_v not_o be_v think_v the_o first_o aggressor_n yet_o afterward_o 2._o pers_n 2._o be_v urge_v thereunto_o by_o necessity_n they_o give_v battle_n willing_o so_o likewise_o procopius_n in_o that_o oration_n which_o armenius_n make_v to_o cosroes_n they_o say_v he_o be_v not_o always_o to_o be_v account_v the_o peace-breaker_n that_o be_v first_o in_o arm_n but_o they_o who_o during_o the_o league_n be_v find_v treacherous_a to_o their_o confederate_n 2._o vand._n lib._n 2._o thus_o also_o do_v the_o moor_n in_o procopius_n they_o break_v not_o their_o league_n who_o be_v first_o injure_v and_o public_o complain_v thereof_o in_o vain_a fly_v for_o succour_v unto_o other_o but_o they_o who_o first_o wrong_v those_o who_o they_o own_o as_o their_o associate_n neither_o do_v they_o make_v god_n their_o enemy_n who_o take_v nothing_o with_o they_o but_o their_o own_o fly_v unto_o other_o for_o protection_n but_o they_o who_o invade_v other_o man_n right_n do_v enforce_v they_o into_o war_n to_o defend_v their_o own_o this_o
think_v worthy_a to_o be_v observe_v yet_o shall_v goodness_n and_o common_a humanity_n prevail_v with_o all_o man_n but_o especial_o christian_n to_o pass_v by_o small_a fault_n but_o chief_o if_o repent_v of_o for_o as_o the_o poet_n speak_v quem_fw-la poenitet_fw-la peccâsse_fw-la pene_fw-la est_fw-la innocens_fw-la he_o be_v almost_o guiltless_a who_o be_v penitent_a but_o yet_o to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o peace_n may_v be_v the_o better_o preserve_v refer_v yet_o small_a offence_n be_v to_o be_v refer_v to_o these_o of_o small_a concernment_n this_o clause_n ought_v be_v add_v that_o in_o case_n any_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v break_v it_o shall_v not_o amount_v so_o high_a as_o to_o the_o breach_n of_o the_o peace_n but_o that_o such_o thing_n shall_v be_v first_o put_v to_o reference_n before_o it_o shall_v be_v lawful_a to_o take_v arm_n which_o we_o find_v add_v to_o the_o peloponnesian_a league_n record_v by_o thucydides_n xxxvi_o or_o some_o punishment_n for_o they_o inflict_v and_o i_o be_o clear_a of_o opinion_n that_o the_o same_o may_v be_v do_v in_o case_n some_o special_a punishment_n be_v insert_v in_o those_o article_n not_o that_o i_o be_o ignorant_a that_o such_o a_o agreement_n there_o may_v be_v that_o it_o shall_v be_v in_o the_o choice_n of_o the_o party_n injure_v either_o to_o accept_v of_o some_o punishment_n or_o to_o null_a the_o peace_n but_o that_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o offence_n may_v be_v such_o as_o require_v rather_o that_o 14._o lib._n 3._o c._n 19_o §._o 14._o than_o this_o beside_o what_o i_o have_v former_o say_v and_o prove_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o history_n be_v evident_a that_o he_o that_o fulfil_v not_o his_o promise_n be_v first_o fail_v break_v not_o the_o peace_n for_o he_o be_v not_o bind_v but_o under_o condition_n xxxvii_o what_o if_o hinder_v by_o necessity_n but_o if_o the_o nonperformance_n of_o what_o be_v agree_v unto_o be_v occasion_v through_o necessity_n as_o if_o the_o thing_n promise_v be_v take_v away_o or_o perish_v or_o if_o what_o be_v agree_v to_o have_v be_v do_v be_v by_o any_o chance_n or_o casualty_n render_v impossible_a the_o peace_n shall_v not_o be_v deem_v as_o break_v for_o as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o peace_n do_v not_o usual_o depend_v on_o such_o condition_n as_o be_v casual_a but_o the_o other_o party_n shall_v be_v at_o his_o choice_n whether_o he_o have_v rather_o expect_v the_o performance_n of_o that_o promise_n hereafter_o if_o there_o remain_v any_o hope_n that_o it_o may_v be_v do_v though_o late_a or_o receive_v to_o the_o value_n of_o the_o thing_n promise_v or_o last_o whether_o he_o have_v rather_o be_v discharge_v from_o some_o other_o thing_n mutual_o promise_v and_o answerable_a to_o that_o in_o this_o article_n and_o that_o be_v think_v equivalent_a to_o it_o xxxviii_o yet_o if_o the_o innocent_a party_n will_v the_o peace_n be_v not_o break_v it_o be_v certain_o a_o argument_n of_o great_a integrity_n in_o the_o innocent_a party_n to_o preserve_v the_o peace_n even_o with_o those_o who_o have_v often_o break_v their_o faith_n as_o scipio_n do_v with_o the_o carthaginian_n notwithstanding_o their_o many_o perfidious_a deal_n with_o they_o because_o no_o man_n can_v possible_o cancel_v his_o obligation_n by_o do_v contrary_a unto_o it_o for_o although_o it_o be_v express_v that_o by_o such_o a_o contrary_a fact_n the_o peace_n shall_v be_v break_v yet_o be_v this_o so_o to_o be_v understand_v that_o it_o shall_v lie_v in_o the_o choice_n of_o the_o innocent_a person_n whether_o he_o will_v make_v such_o a_o advantage_n thereof_o or_o not_o thirty-nine_o the_o three_o way_n of_o break_a peace_n last_o we_o say_v that_o the_o peace_n may_v be_v break_v by_o do_v that_o which_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o special_a nature_n of_o every_o peace_n xl._n what_o fall_v under_o the_o notion_n of_o friendship_n thus_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v do_v contrary_a to_o friendship_n do_v break_v that_o peace_n that_o be_v contract_v under_o condition_n of_o friendship_n for_o look_v what_o the_o duty_n of_o friendship_n may_v require_v from_o other_o ought_v also_o to_o be_v perform_v by_o the_o right_n of_o this_o agreement_n and_o to_o this_o though_o not_o to_o every_o peace_n for_o some_o there_o be_v that_o be_v not_o tie_v up_o to_o this_o condition_n gabin_n pro_fw-la gabin_n as_o pomponius_n observe_v may_v we_o refer_v many_o of_o those_o dissertation_n which_o civilian_n handle_v concern_v such_o injury_n and_o contumely_n as_o be_v commit_v without_o force_n of_o arm_n and_o particular_o that_o of_o tully_n if_o after_o peace_n make_v any_o thing_n be_v commit_v it_o shall_v not_o be_v account_v as_o a_o bare_a neglect_n but_o as_o a_o wilful_a breach_n neither_o shall_v it_o be_v impute_v to_o impudence_n but_o unto_o perfidiousness_n and_o even_o here_o also_o as_o much_o as_o in_o we_o lie_v we_o be_v to_o take_v care_n that_o we_o judge_v not_o of_o the_o fact_n invidious_o if_o therefore_o a_o injury_n be_v do_v against_o either_o our_o ally_n or_o subject_n it_o shall_v not_o be_v impute_v to_o he_o with_o who_o we_o have_v make_v peace_n unless_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o it_o be_v do_v by_o his_o instigation_n according_a to_o which_o natural_a equity_n do_v the_o roman_a law_n proceed_v concern_v such_o act_n of_o cruelty_n as_o be_v do_v against_o servant_n as_o adultery_n and_o ravishment_n be_v impute_v rather_o to_o act_n of_o unbridled_a lust_n than_o of_o hatred_n and_o so_o the_o invade_v of_o another_o man_n right_n be_v adjudge_v as_o a_o act_n of_o covetousness_n rather_o than_o of_o treachery_n cruel_a threaten_n whither_o by_o word_n or_o sign_n unless_o it_o be_v upon_o some_o new_a cause_n give_v can_v consist_v with_o friendship_n no_o more_o than_o can_v the_o erect_n of_o new_a fort_n and_o bulwark_n upon_o the_o frontier_n when_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o they_o be_v not_o so_o much_o for_o defence_n as_o offence_n so_o also_o the_o more_o than_o ordinary_a preparation_n for_o war_n either_o by_o sea_n or_o land_n if_o he_o with_o who_o the_o peace_n be_v make_v have_v ground_n enough_o to_o believe_v that_o they_o be_v make_v against_o none_o but_o against_o himself_o xli_o to_o receive_v exile_n whether_o contrary_a to_o friendship_n the_o reception_n of_o such_o particular_a person_n as_o be_v willing_a to_o transplant_v themselves_o from_o one_o prince_n dominion_n to_o another_o be_v no_o breach_n of_o friendship_n for_o this_o freedom_n be_v not_o only_o natural_a but_o benign_a whereunto_o we_o may_v likewise_o add_v the_o receive_n of_o exile_n for_o as_o i_o have_v elsewhere_o prove_v out_o of_o euripides_n 24._o euripides_n lib._n 2._o c._n 5._o §._o 24._o over_o such_o the_o city_n or_o prince_n that_o banish_v they_o can_v have_v no_o power_n what_o advantage_n be_v it_o say_v perseus_n in_o livy_n 42._o livy_n lib._n 42._o that_o every_o man_n have_v power_n to_o banish_v himself_o if_o there_o be_v no_o place_n leave_v he_o to_o fly_v unto_o and_o this_o aristides_n call_v a_o right_a common_a to_o all_o mankind_n to_o receive_v person_n banish_v 2._o banish_v leuctr_n 2._o solon_n will_v not_o admit_v that_o any_o stranger_n shall_v be_v enroll_v among_o his_o citizen_n but_o such_o as_o have_v be_v for_o ever_o banish_v their_o own_o country_n or_o such_o as_o come_v with_o their_o whole_a family_n to_o athens_n there_o to_o exercise_v some_o craft_n or_o manufacture_n perseus_n in_o appian_n plead_v thus_o with_o the_o roman_n concern_v his_o receive_n of_o some_o fugitive_n what_o i_o do_v say_v he_o be_v justifiable_a by_o the_o common_a right_n of_o all_o mankind_n which_o you_o yourselves_o also_o do_v sometime_o which_o likewise_o be_v usual_o confirm_v by_o mutual_a covenant_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o that_o peace_n make_v between_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o persian_n the_o like_a do_v strabo_n testify_v of_o the_o aradii_fw-la who_o whilst_o the_o king_n of_o syria_n be_v at_o war_n among_o themselves_o obtain_v this_o liberty_n that_o they_o may_v receive_v what_o fugitive_n they_o please_v but_o send_v away_o none_o but_o as_o to_o wall_a town_n or_o any_o great_a multitude_n that_o do_v constitute_v any_o one_o entire_a part_n of_o a_o city_n that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a for_o any_o prince_n to_o receive_v these_o we_o have_v already_o prove_v this_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o war_n between_o the_o persian_n and_o the_o roman_n 24._o lib._n 2._o c._n 5._o §._o 24._o because_o king_n lazus_n at_o the_o solicitation_n of_o the_o consul_n have_v revolt_v to_o the_o roman_n neither_o be_v it_o lawful_a to_o receive_v such_o as_o be_v bind_v either_o by_o oath_n or_o otherwise_o to_o perform_v duty_n or_o service_n to_o another_o prince_n the_o like_a have_v sometime_o be_v introduce_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n among_o some_o people_n
contrary_a if_o be_v at_o at_o liberty_n he_o shall_v die_v the_o ransom_n shall_v be_v recover_v because_o he_o enjoy_v that_o for_o which_o the_o ransom_n be_v promise_v yet_o i_o confess_v the_o contract_n may_v be_v so_o make_v that_o the_o ransom_n shall_v be_v due_a simple_o and_o immediate_o from_o the_o time_n of_o the_o contract_n and_o then_o the_o person_n take_v shall_v not_o from_o thenceforth_o be_v hold_v as_o a_o prisoner_n of_o war_n but_o as_o one_o that_o do_v free_o engage_v himself_o as_o a_o surety_n for_o the_o payment_n thereof_o so_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o contract_n may_v be_v so_o make_v that_o the_o ransom_n shall_v not_o be_v due_a unless_o the_o prisoner_n live_v and_o be_v at_o liberty_n upon_o a_o day_n prefix_v but_o these_o thing_n be_v less_o natural_a shall_v not_o be_v presume_v to_o be_v do_v unless_o evident_o prove_v xxx_o whether_o he_o that_o be_v free_v to_o free_a another_o aught_o to_o return_v the_o other_o be_v dead_a it_o may_v likewise_o be_v question_v whether_o he_o that_o be_v release_v on_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v release_v another_o if_o that_o other_o die_v before_o he_o be_v release_v be_v bind_v to_o return_v into_o captivity_n i_o have_v elsewhere_o 58._o elsewhere_o bo._n 2._o ch_n 11._o §._o 22._o &_o 15._o and_o in_o this_o book_n ch_n 20._o §._o 58._o prove_v that_o a_o promise_n free_o make_v for_o the_o fact_n of_o a_o three_o be_v sufficient_o perform_v if_o nothing_o be_v omit_v by_o the_o promiser_n in_o order_n to_o its_o accomplishment_n but_o if_o a_o promise_n be_v make_v upon_o a_o valuable_a consideration_n the_o promiser_n stand_v oblige_v to_o the_o full_a value_n of_o what_o he_o promise_v just_o so_o it_o be_v in_o this_o case_n for_o he_o that_o be_v release_v be_v not_o bind_v to_o return_v into_o captivity_n because_o it_o be_v not_o so_o agree_v upon_o nor_o will_v that_o indulgence_n that_o be_v give_v to_o liberty_n admit_v it_o so_o to_o be_v tacit_o understand_v neither_o aught_o any_o man_n to_o make_v a_o gain_n of_o another_o man_n liberty_n but_o yet_o he_o that_o be_v so_o dismiss_v out_o of_o prison_n aught_o to_o pay_v the_o value_n of_o that_o which_o he_o can_v not_o perform_v for_o this_o cause_n be_v balionius_n much_o blame_v by_o mariana_n who_o be_v release_v upon_o his_o promise_n to_o release_v carvailius_n carvailius_n die_v before_o he_o can_v be_v release_v refuse_v to_o pay_v the_o value_n of_o his_o ransom_n this_o answer_n i_o conceive_v to_o be_v more_o agreeable_a to_o the_o naked_a and_o simple_a truth_n than_o that_o which_o be_v deliver_v unto_o we_o by_o the_o interpreter_n of_o the_o roman_a law_n chap._n xxii_o concern_v faith_n give_v by_o inferior_a commander_n in_o war._n i._o of_o the_o several_a kind_n of_o commander_n ii_o how_o far_o a_o agreement_n by_o they_o make_v bind_v the_o supreme_a power_n iii_o or_o give_v occasion_n to_o such_o a_o obligation_n iu._n what_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v do_v contrary_a to_o command_n this_o explain_v by_o distinction_n v._o whether_o in_o such_o a_o case_n the_o contrary_a party_n be_v oblige_v vi_o what_o the_o commander_n in_o war_n or_o the_o magistrate_n may_v do_v concern_v their_o inferior_n or_o for_o they_o vii_o it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o a_o general_n to_o make_v peace_n viii_o whether_o hâ—_n may_v grant_v a_o truce_n this_o clear_v by_o a_o distinction_n ix_o what_o security_n of_o person_n and_o what_o of_o thing_n may_v be_v grant_v by_o they_o x._o such_o agreement_n be_v to_o be_v strict_o understand_v and_o why_o xi_o a_o surrender_n accept_v by_o a_o general_n how_o to_o be_v understand_v xii_o the_o addition_n of_o this_o caution_n if_o the_o king_n or_o the_o people_n shall_v think_v fit_a secure_v the_o general_n xiii_o how_o the_o promise_n of_o deliver_v up_o a_o town_n be_v to_o be_v interpret_v i._o the_o several_a kind_n of_o commander_n among_o public_a agreement_n this_o be_v reckon_v by_o ulpian_n as_o one_o when_o the_o general_n of_o each_o army_n do_v agree_v about_o some_o thing_n between_o themselves_o we_o declare_v before_o that_o when_o we_o have_v sufficient_o discourse_v of_o faith_n give_v by_o the_o supreme_a power_n we_o will_v likewise_o say_v somewhat_o of_o faith_n give_v by_o subordinate_a power_n and_o that_o either_o between_o themselves_o or_o unto_o other_o whether_o those_o power_n be_v next_o immediate_o to_o the_o supreme_a as_o that_o of_o general_n to_o who_o conduct_n the_o army_n be_v commit_v whereunto_o we_o may_v fit_o refer_v that_o of_o livy_n nec_fw-la ducem_fw-la novimus_fw-la 4._o lib._n 4._o nisi_fw-la cujus_fw-la auspicio_fw-la bellum_fw-la geritur_fw-la we_o acknowledge_v no_o other_o captain_n but_o he_o to_o who_o the_o management_n of_o the_o whole_a war_n be_v commit_v or_o whether_o they_o be_v such_o as_o be_v commander_n under_o they_o between_o who_o caesar_n in_o his_o commentary_n distinguish_v thus_o 3._o lib._n 3._o the_o office_n of_o a_o private_a captain_n be_v one_o thing_n and_o the_o office_n of_o a_o general_n be_v another_o the_o former_a do_v but_o execute_v particular_a order_n but_o this_o latter_a aught_o free_o to_o consult_v and_o provide_v for_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o whole_a ii_o how_o far_o agreement_n by_o they_o make_v bound_v their_o sovereign_n as_o concern_v these_o man_n engagement_n there_o ought_v to_o be_v a_o twofold_a inspection_n first_o whether_o the_o supreme_a power_n be_v thereby_o engage_v and_o second_o whether_o they_o themselves_o be_v bind_v by_o they_o the_o former_a of_o these_o may_v be_v determine_v by_o what_o we_o have_v already_o say_v namely_o that_o prince_n may_v be_v oblige_v by_o such_o as_o they_o depute_v to_o declare_v their_o will_n whether_o particular_o express_v or_o collect_v from_o the_o nature_n of_o their_o office_n for_o he_o that_o grant_v a_o power_n grant_v as_o much_o as_o in_o he_o be_v all_o thing_n necessary_a to_o that_o power_n which_o in_o moral_a thing_n be_v moral_o to_o be_v understand_v whence_o we_o may_v collect_v that_o subordinate_a commander_n may_v oblige_v their_o sovereign_n two_o several_a way_n first_o by_o do_v that_o which_o in_o all_o probability_n belong_v to_o their_o place_n or_o office_n second_o by_o do_v that_o which_o belong_v not_o to_o their_o office_n yet_o which_o they_o have_v a_o special_a commission_n to_o do_v in_o case_n that_o commission_n be_v either_o public_o know_v or_o at_o least_o unto_o those_o with_o who_o they_o have_v to_o do_v iii_o or_o give_v occasion_n to_o such_o a_o obligation_n there_o be_v also_o other_o way_n whereby_o a_o sovereign_a prince_n may_v be_v bind_v by_o the_o fact_n of_o his_o officer_n yet_o so_o that_o that_o fact_n be_v not_o the_o proper_a and_o immediate_a cause_n of_o that_o obligation_n but_o the_o occasion_n only_o which_o may_v be_v do_v two_o way_n either_o by_o conâ—â—â—ting_v unto_o it_o when_o do_v or_o by_o the_o thing_n itself_o their_o consent_n will_v appear_v by_o their_o approbation_n which_o may_v be_v give_v not_o only_o express_o but_o tacit_o that_o be_v when_o the_o supreme_a power_n have_v knowledge_n thereof_o and_o yet_o permit_v they_o to_o be_v do_v which_o can_v with_o any_o probability_n be_v refer_v to_o any_o other_o cause_n and_o how_o this_o may_v proceed_v we_o have_v elsewhere_o show_v by_o the_o thing_n itself_o he_o may_v be_v so_o far_o oblige_v 17._o bo._n 2._o ch_n 4._o §._o 5._o &_o ch_n 15._o §._o 17._o as_o not_o to_o enrich_v himself_o by_o another_o loss_n as_o if_o by_o a_o agreement_n make_v by_o his_o minister_n a_o prince_n receive_v any_o benefit_n he_o be_v thereby_o bind_v to_o perform_v that_o part_n of_o the_o say_a agreement_n which_o concern_v himself_o to_o perform_v or_o if_o he_o refuse_v to_o do_v it_o than_o he_o be_v bind_v to_o forego_v the_o benefit_n which_o he_o either_o have_v or_o may_v receive_v by_o that_o agreement_n for_o this_o be_v that_o equity_n which_o as_o we_o have_v often_o elsewhere_o say_v even_n the_o scale_n of_o justice_n and_o hitherto_o and_o no_o far_o be_v that_o say_v true_a si_fw-mi quid_fw-la utiliter_fw-la gestum_fw-la sit_fw-la valet_fw-la whatsoever_o contract_n bring_v profit_n bind_v the_o contracter_n and_o therefore_o we_o can_v but_o condemn_v they_o of_o injustice_n who_o refuse_v to_o fulfil_v the_o agreement_n yet_o be_v resolve_v to_o detain_v that_o which_o but_o by_o that_o agreement_n they_o can_v never_o have_v have_v as_o the_o roman_n do_v when_o they_o refuse_v either_o to_o confirm_v the_o agreement_n make_v by_o cnaeus_n domitius_n or_o to_o set_v at_o liberty_n king_n bituitus_n who_o domitius_n have_v first_o invite_v as_o his_o guest_n and_o then_o perfidious_o take_v and_o send_v bind_v to_o rome_n which_o fact_n as_o valerius_n maximus_n testify_v senatus_n nec_fw-la
approbare_fw-la potuit_fw-la nec_fw-la rescindere_fw-la voluit_fw-la the_o roman_a senate_n neither_o can_v approve_v of_o nor_o will_v for_o reason_n of_o state_n rescind_n many_o other_o such_o like_a example_n we_o may_v find_v in_o history_n iu._n what_o if_o any_o thing_n be_v do_v contrary_a to_o command_v and_o here_o also_o we_o must_v repeat_v what_o we_o have_v former_o deliver_v namely_o that_o a_o sovereign_a prince_n may_v be_v oblige_v by_o the_o fact_n of_o his_o general_n in_o case_n he_o transgress_v not_o the_o bound_n of_o his_o public_a office_n though_o he_o act_v contrary_a to_o his_o private_a instruction_n this_o equity_n be_v well_o observe_v by_o the_o roman_a praetor_n in_o such_o action_n as_o concern_v factory_n for_o it_o be_v not_o every_o contract_n make_v with_o a_o factor_n that_o shall_v be_v bind_v to_o he_o that_o employ_v he_o but_o such_o only_a as_o be_v make_v concern_v such_o good_n for_o which_o he_o be_v appoint_v his_o factor_n but_o in_o case_n it_o be_v public_o proclaim_v that_o no_o man_n shall_v thenceforth_o treat_v or_o make_v any_o agreement_n with_o such_o a_o man_n that_o man_n shall_v no_o long_o be_v treat_v with_o as_o a_o chief_a minister_n nay_o though_o such_o a_o proclamation_n be_v make_v yet_o if_o it_o appear_v not_o so_o to_o the_o contractor_n whatsoever_o shall_v be_v by_o he_o agree_v on_o shall_v bind_v the_o prince_n that_o first_o employ_v he_o moreover_o the_o condition_n of_o his_o preposition_n ought_v to_o be_v observe_v for_o he_o that_o be_v willing_a to_o be_v treat_v with_o under_o such_o a_o certain_a condition_n and_o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o such_o a_o person_n whatsoever_o be_v agree_v upon_o by_o that_o person_n in_o reference_n to_o the_o business_n for_o which_o he_o be_v commissionated_a aught_o in_o all_o equity_n to_o be_v observe_v whence_o it_o follow_v that_o some_o prince_n or_o people_n be_v more_o and_o some_o less_o bind_v by_o such_o contract_n as_o be_v make_v by_o their_o general_n if_o their_o several_a law_n and_o constitution_n be_v sufficient_o know_v but_o in_o case_n these_o be_v not_o well_o know_v then_o must_v we_o be_v guide_v by_o the_o most_o likely_a conjecture_n which_o always_o presume_v that_o to_o be_v within_o their_o power_n without_o which_o they_o can_v well_o discharge_v the_o office_n of_o a_o general_n but_o yet_o if_o any_o such_o inferior_a officer_n shall_v transgress_v his_o commission_n and_o promise_v more_o than_o he_o can_v perform_v he_o himself_o shall_v be_v bind_v to_o the_o full_a value_n unless_o some_o law_n sufficient_o know_v shall_v hinder_v it_o so_o likewise_o if_o there_o shall_v be_v find_v any_o fraud_n in_o the_o case_n as_o if_o such_o a_o principal_a commander_n shall_v pretend_v to_o have_v a_o great_a power_n give_v he_o by_o his_o prince_n than_o indeed_o he_o have_v he_o shall_v then_o be_v oblige_v to_o satisfy_v for_o the_o damage_n thereby_o sustain_v yea_o and_o if_o through_o his_o crime_n some_o great_a injury_n do_v arise_v to_o the_o adverse_a party_n he_o shall_v be_v bind_v to_o suffer_v punishment_n answerable_a to_o his_o crime_n in_o the_o former_a case_n his_o good_n shall_v make_v satisfaction_n and_o if_o those_o fall_v short_a his_o service_n or_o his_o corporal_a liberty_n in_o the_o latter_a his_o person_n or_o his_o good_n or_o both_o according_a to_o the_o greatness_n of_o his_o crime_n neither_o will_v it_o suffice_v in_o the_o case_n of_o fraud_n to_o declare_v beforehand_o that_o he_o will_v not_o oblige_v himself_o for_o as_o well_o satisfaction_n for_o the_o damage_n do_v as_o punishment_n for_o a_o crime_n commit_v be_v both_o of_o they_o due_a not_o by_o a_o voluntary_a but_o by_o a_o natural_a obligation_n v._o in_o which_o case_n the_o other_o party_n stand_v oblige_v now_o because_o in_o all_o such_o contract_n either_o the_o prince_n or_o his_o principal_a minister_n do_v stand_v oblige_v therefore_o it_o follow_v that_o the_o other_o party_n be_v thereby_o oblige_v for_o the_o contract_n can_v be_v say_v to_o halt_v and_o by_o this_o we_o may_v discern_v the_o power_n that_o subordinate_a commander_n have_v to_o oblige_v their_o superior_n vi_o what_o power_n they_o have_v over_o their_o inferior_n now_o let_v we_o see_v what_o power_n they_o have_v over_o their_o inferior_n and_o sure_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v doubt_v but_o that_o a_o general_n have_v a_o power_n over_o his_o soldier_n and_o a_o magistrate_n over_o his_o citizen_n as_o to_o those_o act_n that_o be_v usual_o subject_a to_o their_o command_n but_o not_o otherwise_o without_o their_o consent_n on_o the_o contrary_a a_o agreement_n make_v by_o a_o general_n or_o a_o magistrate_n in_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v mere_o profitable_a shall_v whole_o bind_v their_o inferior_n for_o this_o be_v sufficient_o warrant_v by_o their_o office_n and_o authority_n yea_o and_o in_o such_o thing_n also_o as_o be_v burdensome_a and_o chargeable_a so_o as_o those_o burden_n be_v such_o only_a as_o have_v be_v usual_o exact_v but_o as_o to_o those_o that_o be_v extraordinary_a they_o stand_v not_o oblige_v without_o their_o own_o consent_n and_o acceptance_n which_o thing_n be_v very_o agreeable_a to_o what_o we_o have_v already_o from_o the_o very_a law_n of_o nature_n prove_v 18._o lib._n 2._o c._n 12._o §_o 18._o concern_v a_o stipulation_n make_v in_o the_o behalf_n of_o a_o three_o person_n but_o these_o general_n will_v receive_v a_o clear_a light_n in_o the_o handle_n of_o these_o particular_n vii_o it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o general_n to_o make_v a_o peace_n it_o belong_v not_o to_o a_o general_n to_o look_v into_o the_o cause_n or_o consequence_n of_o a_o war_n it_o be_v his_o duty_n careful_o to_o manage_v the_o war_n but_o not_o to_o conclude_v it_o yea_o though_o he_o have_v the_o great_a power_n that_o can_v be_v give_v he_o by_o his_o commission_n yet_o shall_v it_o be_v understand_v of_o the_o conduct_n of_o the_o war_n only_o neque_fw-la enim_fw-la nos_fw-la jus_fw-la habemus_fw-la ordinandi_fw-la res_fw-la imperatoris_fw-la for_o neither_o have_v we_o any_o power_n to_o dispose_v of_o what_o only_o belong_v to_o the_o emperor_n say_v belisarius_n to_o the_o goth_n thus_o agesilaus_n answer_v the_o persian_n de_fw-fr pace_n constituendi_fw-la jus_fw-la est_fw-la penes_fw-la civitatem_fw-la it_o be_v only_o in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n to_o make_v peace_n and_o therefore_o the_o peace_n which_o albinus_n make_v with_o jugurtha_n without_o order_n from_o the_o senate_n the_o senate_n break_v as_o sallust_n inform_v we_o thus_o likewise_o livy_n quî_fw-la rata_fw-la ista_fw-la pax_fw-la quam_fw-la non_fw-la ex_fw-la authoritate_fw-la senatus_n non_fw-la jussu_fw-la populi_fw-la romani_fw-la peregerimus_fw-la what_o stability_n can_v there_o be_v in_o that_o peace_n which_o be_v make_v without_o any_o order_n or_o decree_n either_o of_o the_o senate_n or_o people_n of_o rome_n and_o therefore_o neither_o do_v that_o promise_n make_v at_o caudis_fw-la nor_o that_o make_v at_o numantia_n bound_v the_o people_n of_o rome_n as_o we_o have_v elsewhere_o say_v and_o thus_o far_o be_v that_o of_o posthumius_fw-la verify_v if_o there_o be_v any_o thing_n whereunto_o a_o people_n may_v be_v oblige_v they_o may_v be_v also_o oblige_v to_o all_o thing_n that_o be_v to_o all_o thing_n that_o concern_v not_o the_o conduct_n of_o war._n and_o this_o be_v apparent_a by_o what_o have_v be_v already_o say_v about_o surrenders_n and_o about_o sponsion_n make_v for_o the_o leave_v or_o burn_v of_o city_n and_o concern_v the_o change_n of_o government_n viii_o but_o it_o be_v to_o grant_v truce_n to_o grant_v truce_n be_v in_o the_o power_n not_o of_o a_o general_n only_o but_o of_o inferior_a commander_n that_o be_v to_o such_o as_o they_o either_o assault_n or_o hold_v besiege_v so_o far_o forth_o i_o mean_v as_o it_o shall_v concern_v themselves_o and_o their_o force_n for_o other_o commander_n be_v not_o thereby_o oblige_v as_o we_o may-learn_a from_o the_o example_n of_o fabius_n and_o marcellus_n record_v by_o livy_n 24._o lib._n 24._o ix_o but_o not_o to_o dispose_v of_o man_n empire_n or_o land_n on_o the_o other_o side_n to_o dispose_v of_o man_n empire_n or_o land_n be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o general_n and_o therefore_o be_v tigranes_n dispossess_v of_o syria_n by_o the_o senate_n although_o it_o have_v be_v give_v he_o by_o lucullus_n 40._o lucullus_n just_a l._n 40._o neither_o be_v it_o in_o the_o power_n of_o massinissa_n to_o release_v sophonisba_n who_o he_o have_v take_v in_o war_n because_o as_o scipio_n plead_v she_o be_v under_o the_o power_n and_o at_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n 30._o rome_n liv._o l._n 30._o but_o over_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o spoil_n the_o general_n have_v some_o kind_n of_o right_n yet_o not_o so_o much_o by_o virtue_n of_o
be_v understand_v as_o he_o understand_v to_o who_o they_o be_v make_v 167._o call_v vow_n and_o why_o 172._o the_o end_n of_o all_o controversy_n 172._o bound_v not_o to_o thing_n unlawful_a 169._o of_o joshua_n to_o the_o gibeonite_n bind_v page_n 168_o 169_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o roman_a soldier_n to_o the_o carthaginian_n bind_v page_n 167_o 168_o a_o oath_n not_o to_o be_v too_o far_o wrest_v 169._o not_o to_o do_v good_a not_o bind_v 170._o nor_o that_o which_o hinder_v a_o great_a good_a ibid._n can_v bind_v to_o impossibility_n ibid._n by_o false_a god_n bind_v 171._o by_o the_o creature_n oblige_v ibid._n by_o fraud_n or_o fear_n extort_a must_v be_v fulfil_v for_o the_o oath_n sake_n 172._o make_v to_o pirate_n or_o tyrant_n oblige_v ibid._n in_o oath_n two_o thing_n requisite_a truth_n in_o word_n and_o fidelity_n in_o action_n ibid._n over_o subject_n oath_n what_o power_n superior_n have_v page_n 173_o by_o a_o false_a oath_n to_o deceive_v a_o enemy_n perjury_n page_n 172_o of_o oath_n some_o be_v assertory_n and_o some_o promissory_a 174._o the_o latter_a forbid_v by_o james_n and_o christ_n ibid._n oath_n shall_v except_v necessity_n and_o coaction_n page_n 123_o from_o oath_n absolution_n from_o whence_o original_o page_v 174_o by_o oath_n promise_v make_v in_o what_o case_n oblige_v not_o page_n 173_o a_o honest_a man_n word_n as_o good_a as_o his_o oath_n page_n 175_o a_o oath_n to_o perform_v king_n bind_v before_o god_n page_n 177_o oath_n from_o subject_n shall_v have_v this_o restriction_n unless_o my_o king_n command_v the_o contrary_a ibid._n philip_n of_o macedon_n regardless_o of_o oath_n page_n 537_o the_o form_n of_o oath_n military_a page_n 28_o to_o obey_v more_o natural_a to_o some_o nation_n than_o to_o command_v page_n 38_o obedience_n in_o what_o case_n necessary_a 55_o 56_o 429._o sometime_o unlawful_a 427._o especial_o in_o thing_n forbid_v by_o god_n or_o nature_n 53._o to_o command_n unjust_a not_o due_a 429._o ready_o yield_v by_o he_o that_o understand_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o law_n page_n 430_o obedience_n to_o parent_n and_o sustentation_n to_o child_n due_a 123._o yet_o it_o can_v justify_v our_o disobedience_n to_o god_n page_n 427_o obligation_n restrain_v the_o faculty_n or_o the_o exercise_n of_o such_o a_o act_n only_o the_o difference_n page_n 47_o 48_o obligation_n feudal_n see_v feudal_n obligation_n arise_v from_o dominion_n page_n 146_o obligation_n internal_a give_v no_o right_a to_o another_o page_n 151_o obligation_n all_o require_v deliberation_n page_n 551_o 552_o obligation_n by_o officer_n with_o our_o default_n from_o what_o law_n it_o proceed_v page_n 203_o 204_o king_n may_v be_v oblige_v either_o natural_o or_o civil_o page_v 177_o oblige_a we_o may_v be_v by_o another_o page_n 154_o oblige_v we_o may_v whatsoever_o we_o have_v absolute_a power_n in_o or_o over_o page_n 400_o 401_o oblige_a we_o may_v be_v to_o a_o pirate_n or_o robber_n be_v not_o terrify_v by_o fear_n page_n 538_o oblige_a a_o man_n may_v be_v by_o some_o delinquency_n page_n 200_o oblige_a none_o can_v be_v to_o a_o unjust_a war_n page_n 187_o of_o obligation_n without_o compulsion_n example_n page_n 211_o obstinacy_n to_o defend_v our_o own_o party_n no_o just_a cause_n to_o kill_v a_o enemy_n page_n 508_o by_o the_o occasion_n of_o another_o sin_n a_o man_n may_v suffer_v though_o that_o sin_n be_v not_o the_o cause_n of_o his_o suffer_a page_n 401_o occupancy_n its_o right_n where_o thing_n be_v in_o common_a page_n 78_o by_o occupancy_n what_o every_o one_o have_v be_v the_o first_o rise_v of_o propriety_n page_n 79_o of_o occupancy_n after_o the_o communion_n be_v lose_v page_n 80_o occupancy_n presume_v thing_n bound_v 81._o as_o land_n by_o manor_n or_o farm_n ibid._n of_o empire_n and_o of_o dominion_n as_o distinguish_v from_o empire_n 88_o it_o be_v the_o original_a way_n to_o gain_v dominion_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n page_n 135_o what_o if_o it_o be_v of_o a_o place_n pray_fw-mi occupy_v by_o man_n irrational_a page_n 407_o the_o occupant_a in_o doubtful_a case_n have_v the_o best_a title_n page_n 414_o to_o the_o ancient_a occupant_n land_n restore_v by_o the_o emperor_n honorius_n after_o three_o hundred_o year_n page_n 492_o odious_a promise_n which_o 192._o how_o to_o be_v interpret_v ibid._n league_n and_o promise_n if_o in_o doubt_n be_v personal_a page_n 194_o offender_n be_v demand_v when_o to_o be_v deliver_v page_n 395_o 396_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 439._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d page_n 407_o old_a man_n in_o war_n to_o be_v spare_v page_n 505_o none_n the_o same_o old_a as_o young_a page_n 141_o opinion_n concern_v god_n be_v not_o easy_o demonstrable_a no_o cause_n of_o war_n page_n 389_o our_o opinion_n especial_o concern_v religion_n hardly_o part_v from_o page_n 391_o oppression_n notorious_a a_o just_a cause_n of_o war_n if_o without_o danger_n to_o ourselves_o page_n 424_o oppression_n of_o subject_n where_o great_a than_o the_o misery_n of_o war_n war_n may_v be_v make_v against_o tyrant_n page_n 421_o ordinance_n of_o god_n in_o what_o sense_n kingly_a power_n be_v say_v page_n 18_o order_n what_o among_o equal_n or_o associate_n page_n 114_o the_o order_n of_o such_o as_o have_v equal_a share_n in_o thing_n ibid._n in_o what_o order_n they_o be_v bind_v to_o restore_v who_o have_v occasion_v damage_n page_n 201_o 202_o the_o order_n of_o christian_a king_n sit_v in_o council_n page_n 114_o original_a acquisition_n page_n 88_o owner_n right_a not_o know_v none_o bind_v to_o restore_v page_n 149_o the_o right_a owner_n transfer_v his_o interest_n be_v a_o sure_a title_n page_n 151_o ox_n forbid_v to_o be_v eat_v to_o be_v spare_v in_o war_n page_n 514_o p._n papinianus_n put_v to_o death_n for_o not_o defend_v parricide_n page_n 428_o parent_n to_o be_v nourish_v 123._o though_o severe_a to_o be_v obey_v 57_o to_o be_v reverence_v as_o god_n pref._n seven_o honour_n and_o obedience_n due_a to_o they_o 123._o differ_v in_o their_o command_n whether_o to_o obey_v 103._o their_o right_a to_o sell_v or_o pawn_v their_o child_n what_o 104._o their_o right_a over_o their_o child_n different_a according_a to_o their_o several_a age_n and_o condition_n 103_o 104_o their_o estate_n due_a to_o their_o child_n by_o a_o twofold_a right_n 124._o whether_o they_o owe_v any_o part_n of_o their_o good_n to_o their_o child_n by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n 122._o their_o love_n to_o their_o child_n more_o natural_a than_o their_o child_n to_o they_o 123._o their_o power_n to_o punish_v as_o well_o as_o to_o govern_v their_o child_n 104._o never_o exheredate_v their_o child_n until_o they_o prove_v incorrigible_a 416_o 417._o their_o marriage_n with_o their_o child_n unnatural_a page_n 107_o parliament_n to_o what_o end_n call_v page_n 42_o a_o parley_n demand_v and_o accept_v render_v both_o side_n secure_a 569._o during_o each_o may_v promote_v his_o own_o interest_n so_o that_o he_o hurt_v not_o the_o other_o ibid._n under_o pretence_n of_o a_o parley_n bituitus_n be_v treacherous_o take_v captive_a by_o the_o roman_n ibid._n parricide_n page_n 28_o particular_n if_o they_o consent_v not_o not_o punishable_a for_o the_o whole_a page_n 399_o partition_n just_a where_o the_o title_n be_v dubious_a and_o neither_o possess_v page_n 414_o passage_n deny_v may_v be_v by_o arm_n force_v page_n 83_o passage_n by_o land_n or_o sea_n common_a to_o all_o ibid._n how_o army_n may_v pass_v safe_o without_o danger_n page_n 84_o passionate_a act_n more_o pardonable_a than_o deliberate_a page_n 380_o pater_fw-la patratus_fw-la what_o page_n 546_o patience_n commend_v by_o christ_n example_n 63._o prefer_v before_o revenge_n 33._o in_o bear_v reproach_n 21_o 22_o 23._o in_o a_o governor_n or_o in_o a_o state_n punishable_a page_n 393_o patrimony_n distinguish_v from_o the_o profit_n of_o it_o page_n 120_o paul_n refuse_v not_o a_o guard_n of_o soldier_n page_n 20_o parent_n that_o receive_v to_o what_o bind_v page_n 160_o peace_n profitable_a to_o the_o victor_n vanquish_v and_o those_o of_o equal_a power_n 572._o once_o obtain_v to_o be_v religious_o keep_v 571._o its_o article_n how_o to_o be_v understand_v 546_o 547._o all_o of_o they_o to_o be_v equal_o observe_v 549_o 572._o when_o say_v to_o be_v break_v 548._o to_o be_v embrace_v though_o with_o loss_n 572._o not_o to_o be_v patch_v up_o but_o firm_o make_v 547._o be_v make_v all_o public_a injury_n though_o then_o unknown_a presume_v to_o be_v remit_v 547._o to_o purchase_n from_o a_o enemy_n too_o potent_a no_o dishonour_n page_n 418_o for_o peace_n whether_o the_o good_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v alienable_a 544._o or_o the_o good_n of_o subject_n 545._o the_o empire_n or_o any_o part_n thereof_o ibid._n peace_n by_o who_o it_o may_v be_v make_v 544._o be_v make_v by_o
ibid._n common_a worse_o than_o hangman_n ibid._n most_o backward_o to_o fight_v most_o forward_o to_o plunder_v 476._o bound_n by_o oath_n not_o to_o embezel_n the_o spoil_n 478_o how_o they_o march_v inoffensive_o in_o a_o country_n at_o peace_n 531._o their_o sword_n seal_v in_o their_o scabbard_n ibid._n soldier_n straggle_v and_o plunder_v to_o be_v assault_v as_o thief_n page_v 374_o specification_n page_n 88_o 139_o speech_n proper_a to_o man_n pref._n four_o spy_n to_o send_v allow_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n 463._o yea_o and_o to_o kill_v they_o be_v discover_v ibid._n spoil_v take_v from_o a_o enemy_n who_o 471._o dispose_v of_o by_o the_o general_n 474._o sell_v by_o the_o quaestor_n and_o the_o money_n bring_v into_o the_o treasury_n without_o diminution_n 474_o 475._o sometime_o divide_v among_o the_o soldier_n 475._o sometime_o part_v by_o plunder_n 476._o whereof_o the_o general_n may_v take_v what_o he_o please_v 475._o sometime_o to_o they_o that_o have_v contribute_v extraordinary_o to_o the_o maintenance_n of_o the_o war_n 477._o sometime_o between_o the_o soldier_n and_o the_o state_n 478_o 479._o sometime_o to_o the_o maim_a and_o to_o widow_n and_o orphan_n 479._o sometime_o impart_v to_o our_o associate_n in_o war_n 478_o and_o to_o reformado_n 479._o may_v by_o a_o antecedent_n law_n be_v decree_v to_o public_a use_n 478_o sometime_o embezele_v and_o the_o commonwealth_n rob_v ibid._n take_v by_o public_a act_n the_o commonwealth_n but_o by_o private_a they_o that_o take_v they_o ibid._n of_o a_o town_n if_o storm_v the_o soldier_n if_o surrender_v the_o commander_n page_n 479_o sponsion_n what_o 187._o how_o far_o a_o general_n bind_v if_o the_o king_n refuse_v 188._o at_o caudis_fw-la and_o numantia_n oblige_v the_o army_n not_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n ibid._n make_v by_o general_n league_n by_o king_n page_n 179_o sponsor_n in_o war_n how_o far_o bind_v 180._o their_o estate_n may_v be_v sell_v their_o person_n enslave_v but_o their_o prince_n not_o oblige_v page_n 188_o so_o steal_v away_o the_o heart_n what_o it_o mean_v page_n 441_o stipulation_n be_v the_o sign_n of_o a_o deliberate_a mind_n page_n 152_o the_o stock_n of_o a_o slave_n may_v be_v take_v from_o he_o in_o what_o case_n 522._o how_o far_o his_o lord_n and_o how_o far_o his_o page_n 521_o the_o stoic_n dispute_v much_o about_o word_n 376_o 377._o they_o account_v it_o wisdom_n to_o know_v when_o and_o where_o to_o lie_v page_n 440_o to_o stranger_n to_o deny_v marriage_n unlawful_a 86._o their_o good_n not_o subject_n to_o the_o supereminent_a power_n of_o king_n 178._o they_o must_v observe_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o those_o they_o live_v with_o 81._o to_o rob_v they_o ancient_o a_o honourable_a trade_n 182._o how_o they_o shall_v judge_v of_o thing_n take_v in_o war_n 480._o how_o a_o right_a may_v arise_v by_o the_o civil_a law_n 141_o their_o good_n may_v be_v detain_v for_o our_o or_o our_o subject_n debt_n page_n 448_o subjection_n mutual_a between_o king_n and_o people_n refute_v 41._o public_a wat_fw-mi 117._o sometime_o require_v protection_n page_n 422_o subject_n sometime_o call_v servant_n 42._o when_o they_o may_v safe_o engage_v in_o a_o just_a war_n 43._o their_o good_n may_v be_v seize_v for_o the_o debt_n of_o their_o society_n 448._o how_o their_o right_n may_v lawful_o be_v take_v from_o they_o 178._o but_o not_o without_o just_a cause_n 179._o may_v just_o make_v war_n 427._o what_o they_o may_v do_v if_o the_o cause_n be_v unjust_a ibid._n or_o if_o they_o doubt_v not_o to_o execute_v the_o wicked_a command_n of_o their_o prince_n 428._o not_o punishable_a for_o their_o prince_n sin_n proper_o 411._o of_o a_o enemy_n may_v every_o where_o be_v present_v unless_o protect_v by_o another_o prince_n page_n 458_o a_o subject_n not_o to_o be_v solicit_v to_o kill_v his_o prince_n nor_o a_o soldier_n his_o general_n 462._o bound_n by_o the_o sentence_n of_o a_o judge_n but_o so_o be_v not_o stranger_n 448._o be_v invade_v the_o peace_n be_v break_v 549._o not_o if_o pirate_n ibid._n fight_v under_o a_o enemy_n whether_o it_o break_v the_o peace_n ibid._n whether_o they_o may_v be_v compel_v to_o be_v hostage_n 555._o and_o how_o ibid._n of_o another_o prince_n whether_o they_o may_v be_v defend_v page_n 425_o subject_n not_o to_o resist_v the_o supreme_a power_n prove_v by_o the_o nature_n of_o humane_a society_n and_o gospel_n 54_o 55._o their_o liberty_n liable_a to_o the_o fact_n of_o their_o prince_n 447._o as_o to_o they_o a_o war_n may_v be_v on_o both_o side_n just_a 429_o 430._o take_v in_o a_o unjust_a war_n to_o be_v deliver_v to_o their_o prince_n 529._o may_v make_v war_n against_o their_o magistrate_n be_v authorize_v by_o the_o supreme_a power_n page_n 53_o subjection_n by_o way_n of_o punishment_n 117._o civil_a 485._o despotical_a ibid._n mix_v 486._o perfect_a and_o imperfect_a page_n 116_o 117_o success_n good_a of_o bad_a design_n no_o encouragement_n pref._n twelve_o succession_n be_v the_o continuation_n of_o a_o old_a title_n in_o the_o same_o family_n 42._o make_v man_n and_o kingdom_n immortal_a 117._o males_n prefer_v before_o female_n and_o the_o elder_a before_o the_o young_a 128._o to_o kingdom_n not_o to_o last_v beyond_o the_o time_n of_o the_o first_o king_n ibid._n the_o law_n be_v divers_a concern_v it_o 126._o to_o a_o intestate_a 122._o what_o if_o childless_a 127._o to_o a_o estate_n new_o gain_v 126._o in_o kingdom_n patrimonial_a how_o guide_v 127._o representative_a what_o 124._o not_o know_v to_o the_o german_n till_o late_o 126._o lineal_a agnatical_a 130._o cognatical_a 129._o that_o always_o respect_v the_o proximity_n to_o the_o first_o king_n 130._o in_o kingdom_n indivisible_a to_o the_o elder_a 127._o wherein_o the_o elder_a brother_n son_n be_v prefer_v before_o the_o young_a brother_n 132._o the_o sister_n son_n before_o the_o king_n own_o son_n 130._o who_o shall_v be_v judge_n of_o it_o if_o in_o doubt_n 131._o of_o the_o nephew_n before_o the_o uncle_n be_v but_o of_o late_a page_n 132._o succession_n to_o kingdom_n the_o same_o as_o to_o other_o estate_n when_o that_o kingdom_n be_v first_o establish_v 129._o wherein_o the_o antenate_n be_v prefer_v before_o the_o postnate_a if_o the_o kingdom_n be_v indivisible_a 131._o why_o descendent_a rather_o than_o ascendent_a page_n 123_o 124_o the_o successor_n bind_v by_o the_o contract_n of_o a_o king_n 178._o and_o how_o far_o page_n 179_o suffer_v a_o man_n may_v by_o occasion_n of_o another_o sin_n and_o yet_o not_o for_o it_o page_n 400_o 401_o suffrage_n how_o to_o be_v reckon_v where_o divers_a society_n claim_v by_o unequal_a share_n page_n 114_o superior_n how_o they_o may_v lie_v to_o their_o subject_n 443._o what_o they_o may_v do_v about_o the_o oath_n of_o their_o inferior_n 173_o 174._o may_v compel_v their_o inferior_n not_o only_o to_o that_o which_o be_v just_o due_a by_o justice_n but_o by_o any_o other_o virtue_n page_n 423_o suppliant_n liable_a to_o the_o licence_n of_o war_n 461._o their_o right_a to_o who_o due_a 396_o 397._o to_o be_v protect_v until_o the_o equity_n of_o their_o cause_n be_v know_v 399._o to_o be_v spare_v 508._o unless_o guilty_a of_o some_o crime_n deserve_v death_n ibid._n supply_v send_v to_o a_o enemy_n by_o neuter_n page_n 435_o see_v relief_n supreme_a power_n what_o and_o in_o who_o 37._o not_o in_o the_o people_n 37_o 38._o it_o may_v be_v divide_v into_o part_n subjective_a and_o potential_a 46._o not_o lessen_v by_o consent_v that_o their_o act_n shall_v be_v confirm_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o senate_n ibid._n a_o surety_n suffer_v not_o for_o the_o debt_n but_o for_o his_o engagement_n 400_o 401._o not_o to_o be_v trouble_v unless_o the_o principal_n be_v insolvent_a page_n 518_o to_o surrender_n unless_o succour_v come_v how_o to_o be_v understand_v page_n 531_o swallow_n feed_v their_o young_a by_o turn_n page_n 123_o t._n talio_n not_o to_o extend_v beyond_o the_o person_n page_n 508_o see_v retaliation_n talio_n buy_v off_o by_o the_o jew_n page_n 371_o tax_n that_o maintain_v the_o war_n restore_v by_o fabritius_n page_n 477_o the_o temple_n at_o jerusalem_n enter_v into_o by_o pompey_n and_o burn_v by_o titus_n 466_o 467._o its_o religious_a sanctity_n page_n 466_o the_o temple_n of_o the_o gentile_n burn_v by_o the_o jew_n ibid._n temple_n in_o war_n to_o be_v spare_v 514._o to_o violate_v they_o sacrilege_n page_n 515_o temptation_n vehement_a excuse_v in_o part_n page_n 378_o terminus_n will_v have_v no_o blood_n shed_v in_o his_o sacrifice_n page_n 526_o territory_n whence_o 470._o with_o what_o be_v fix_v therein_o be_v take_v in_o war_n be_v the_o king_n page_n 472_o terror_n alone_o give_v no_o internal_a right_o to_o kill_v page_n 508_o testament_n want_v some_o formality_n what_o effect_v it_o
not_o into_o the_o world_n to_o invade_v another_o man_n glory_n but_o to_o communicate_v his_o own_o not_o to_o usurp_v a_o earthly_a kingdom_n but_o to_o confer_v a_o heavenly_a st_n paul_n tell_v timothy_n that_o a_o bishop_n shall_v be_v no_o striker_n 1_o tim._n 3.2_o nor_o rule_n by_o constraint_n or_o compulsion_n for_o to_o dâ—ive_v by_o force_n better_a become_v a_o king_n than_o a_o bishop_n prince_n may_v exercise_v their_o power_n in_o punish_v offender_n to_o deter_v they_o from_o do_v evil_a 2._o de_fw-fr sacerd._n l._n 2._o but_o what_o we_o do_v say_v chrysostome_n must_v be_v not_o by_o coercion_n but_o by_o persuasion_n whereunto_o he_o add_v this_o reason_n for_o god_n crown_v not_o our_o force_a but_o our_o voluntary_a or_o as_o st_n paul_n speak_v our_o reasonable_a service_n 1.4_o ad_fw-la eph._n 1.4_o so_o in_o another_o place_n it_o be_v our_o duty_n to_o instruct_v persuade_v exhort_v and_o reprove_v but_o not_o to_o command_v or_o to_o compel_v consiliariorum_fw-la locum_fw-la obtinemus_fw-la we_o serve_v as_o councillor_n to_o advice_n and_o to_o give_v our_o opinion_n but_o still_o we_o leave_v our_o auditor_n to_o their_o free_a choice_n whether_o they_o will_v act_v according_o or_o no_o we_o have_v no_o such_o power_n give_v we_o as_o to_o restrain_v man_n from_o sin_v by_o severe_a punishment_n whence_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o bishop_n as_o such_o have_v no_o right_n of_o domination_n over_o man_n nepotiani_n in_o epitaphio_fw-la nepotiani_n as_o king_n and_o prince_n have_v st_n hierome_n distinguish_v between_o a_o king_n and_o a_o bishop_n conclude_v that_o the_o power_n of_o a_o bishop_n be_v much_o inferior_a to_o that_o of_o a_o king_n for_o a_o king_n may_v enforce_v to_o a_o unwilling_a obedience_n but_o a_o bishop_n have_v no_o power_n but_o over_o such_o as_o be_v willing_a to_o obey_v he_o episcopus_fw-la docet_fw-la ne_fw-la judex_n inveniat_fw-la quod_fw-la puniat_fw-la the_o bishop_n instruct_v and_o admonish_v that_o the_o magistrate_n may_v find_v no_o cause_n to_o punish_v it_o be_v well_o say_v of_o frederick_n the_o emperor_n concern_v the_o pope_n ecclesiam_fw-la regat_fw-la ille_fw-la svam_fw-la divinaque_fw-la jura_fw-la temperet_fw-la imperium_fw-la nobis_fw-la fascesque_fw-la relinquat_fw-la let_v he_o his_o own_o church_n rule_v by_o law_n divine_a but_o let_v the_o sword_n and_o sceptre_n still_o be_v i_o and_o when_o suenno_n king_n of_o denmark_n stand_v excommunicate_a william_n bishop_n of_o rosâ—hil_n in_o oppose_v himself_o against_o he_o at_o his_o entrance_n into_o the_o church_n with_o his_o pastoral_a staff_n and_o expose_v his_o breast_n naked_a to_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o king_n who_o offer_v to_o draw_v upon_o he_o do_v therein_o perform_v the_o office_n of_o a_o good_a bishop_n the_o like_a do_v st_n ambrose_n to_o the_o emperor_n valentinus_n as_o we_o have_v declare_v above_o 5._o bo._n 1._o ch_n 4._o §._o 5._o but_o whether_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o king_n themselves_o to_o make_v war_n upon_o such_o as_o have_v reject_v christianity_n by_o way_n of_o punishment_n we_o have_v already_o elsewhere_o discourse_v in_o the_o chapter_n of_o punishment_n as_o far_o as_o suffice_v to_o our_o purpose_n xv._o the_o pretence_n of_o fulfil_n of_o prophecy_n no_o cause_n of_o war._n and_o hereof_o also_o i_o shall_v give_v my_o advice_n and_o that_o not_o in_o vain_a but_o because_o i_o foresee_v by_o compare_v these_o modern_a time_n with_o those_o long_o since_o past_a much_o mischief_n likely_a to_o ensue_v unless_o in_o time_n careful_o prevent_v that_o the_o hope_n we_o conceive_v that_o some_o thing_n be_v due_a unto_o we_o by_o our_o own_o interpretation_n of_o some_o divine_a prophecy_n can_v be_v no_o cause_n of_o a_o just_a war._n zozimus_n record_v it_o of_o nicomedes_n the_o son_n of_o prusias_n that_o mis-appling_a a_o prophecy_n of_o one_o of_o the_o sibyl_n by_o the_o persuasion_n of_o attalus_n make_v war_n against_o his_o own_o father_n the_o like_a he_o and_o ammianus_n relate_v of_o one_o theodorus_n so_o do_v procopius_n of_o john_n of_o cappadocia_n gratian._n in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o emperor_n gratian._n for_o beside_o that_o those_o prophecy_n which_o be_v not_o fulfil_v can_v certain_o be_v understand_v without_o a_o prophetic_a spirit_n the_o very_a time_n of_o the_o accomplishment_n of_o such_o as_o be_v certain_a may_v be_v hide_v from_o we_o and_o last_o the_o bare_a prediction_n unless_o it_o be_v back_v with_o a_o express_a command_n from_o god_n give_v no_o right_a to_o any_o man_n sâ—eing_v that_o god_n permit_v such_o thing_n as_o he_o predict_v to_o be_v sometime_o bring_v to_o pass_v by_o wicked_a man_n and_o by_o wicked_a action_n for_o the_o book_n of_o the_o prophet_n be_v shut_v and_o seal_v up_o until_o a_o certain_a time_n so_o that_o they_o can_v be_v understand_v dan._n 12.4.8.9_o the_o vision_n that_o the_o prophet_n habbakkuk_n see_v concern_v the_o judgement_n to_o fall_v on_o the_o chaldaean_n be_v not_o immediate_o to_o be_v inflict_v on_o they_o but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v fulfil_v in_o its_o appoint_a time_n in_o the_o end_n whereof_o say_v that_o vision_n it_o shall_v speak_v and_o not_o lie_v though_o it_o do_v tarry_v yet_o be_v the_o prophet_n to_o wait_v for_o it_o for_o it_o shall_v sure_o come_v to_o pass_v and_o not_o stay_v hab._n 2.3_o time_n then_o be_v the_o best_a interpreter_n of_o prophecy_n st_n jerome_n upon_o that_o place_n of_o daniel_n before-recited_n write_v thus_o if_o the_o prophet_n do_v hear_v and_o not_o understand_v what_o will_v they_o do_v who_o presume_v on_o their_o own_o understanding_n have_v publish_v this_o book_n which_o be_v seal_v up_o and_o until_o the_o time_n come_v for_o its_o accomplishment_n so_o procopius_n concern_v the_o oracle_n of_o the_o sibyl_n which_o say_v he_o i_o believe_v be_v beyond_o all_o humane_a power_n to_o unfold_v until_o the_o time_n come_v when_o they_o shall_v be_v fulfil_v let_v divine_n therefore_o take_v heed_n how_o they_o undertake_v to_o unriddle_v prophecy_n and_o let_v politician_n beware_v how_o they_o give_v credit_n to_o over-arrogating_a divine_n though_o the_o thing_n predict_v be_v certain_o to_o come_v to_o pass_v yet_o be_v the_o time_n and_o mean_n when_o and_o whereby_o they_o be_v to_o be_v accomplish_v very_o uncertain_a and_o therefore_o it_o be_v no_o dishonour_n to_o profess_v our_o ignorance_n of_o they_o eorum_fw-la quae_fw-la scire_fw-la nec_fw-la datur_fw-la nec_fw-la fas_fw-la est_fw-la docta_fw-la est_fw-la ignorantia_fw-la scientiae_fw-la appetus_fw-la insaniae_fw-la species_n some_o kind_n of_o madness_n it_o be_v to_o desire_v to_o know_v those_o thing_n which_o be_v therefore_o screen_v from_o we_o that_o we_o shall_v not_o know_v they_o the_o secret_a thing_n belong_v unto_o god_n but_o the_o thing_n reveal_v unto_o we_o deut._n 29.29_o xvi_o nor_o a_o debt_n not_o strict_o due_a but_o some_o other_o way_n thus_o also_o be_v it_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o case_n any_o thing_n be_v owe_v to_o a_o man_n not_o strict_o out_o of_o justice_n but_o arise_v from_o some_o other_o virtue_n as_o from_o liberality_n favour_n mercy_n love_n or_o the_o like_a as_o it_o can_v be_v recover_v by_o any_o course_n of_o law_n so_o neither_o can_v it_o be_v require_v by_o war._n for_o to_o either_o of_o these_o it_o suffice_v not_o that_o what_o be_v require_v be_v for_o some_o moral_a reason_n to_o be_v do_v but_o beside_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a that_o there_o shall_v be_v in_o we_o some_o kind_n of_o right_n unto_o that_o such_o a_o kind_n of_o right_a as_o the_o law_n both_o divine_a and_o humane_a do_v sometime_o give_v even_o unto_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v due_a by_o other_o virtue_n which_o when_o it_o happen_v than_o it_o become_v a_o debt_n after_o a_o new_a way_n which_o now_o appertain_v to_o justice_n but_o this_o be_v want_v the_o war_n that_o be_v make_v for_o this_o cause_n be_v unjust_a as_o be_v that_o war_n make_v by_o the_o roman_n against_o the_o king_n of_o cyprus_n or_o ingratitude_n for_o he_o that_o do_v a_o courtesy_n to_o another_o have_v no_o right_a to_o exact_v thanks_o otherwise_o it_o be_v not_o a_o courtesy_n but_o a_o contract_n or_o debt_n xvii_o though_o the_o war_n be_v just_a yet_o the_o manner_n of_o prosecute_a it_o may_v make_v it_o unjust_a it_o be_v also_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o though_o there_o be_v a_o just_a cause_n of_o war_n yet_o may_v this_o just_a cause_n be_v spoil_v by_o the_o access_n of_o some_o vice_n that_o cleave_v to_o the_o action_n from_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o agent_n either_o that_o something_o else_o not_o by_o itself_o unlawful_a do_v more_o efficacious_o move_v we_o to_o the_o war_n than_o the_o right_n itself_o as_o when_o we_o have_v a_o great_a prospect_n unto_o glory_n or_o when_o some_o kind_n of_o profit_n either_o public_a or_o