Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	great_a	king_n	power_n	3,921	5	4.7466	4	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A35234	Historical remarques and observations of the ancient and present state of London and Westminster shewing the foundation, walls, gates, towers, bridges, churches, rivers ... : with an account of the most remarkable accidents as to wars, fires, plagues, and other occurrences which have happened therein for above nine hundred years past, till the year 1681 : illustrated with pictures of the most considerable matters curiously ingraven on copper plates, with the arms of the sixty six companies of London, and the time of their incorporating / by Richard Burton, author of The history of the wars of England.	R. B., 1632?-1725?	1681 (1681)	Wing C7329; ESTC R22568	140,180	238

the Lords as believing them to be Loyal and true to the King that it was not in their power to raise any great force against them They were then commanded to take care That no Knights nor Burgesses should afterward he chosen to any Parliament but those whom the King and his Council should name They replyed It was a hard matter in those times of Jealousy and suspition to deprive the People of their Ancient Liberties in choosing their Representatives after which they were dismissed And some of the Judges of the Realm being called that is Robert Tresillian Lord Chief Justice of the Kings Ben●● Robert Belknap Chief Justice of the Common-pleas John Holt Roger Fulthorpe and William Borough Knights and Judges men learned chiefly in one point that is without considering Truth or Falshood to please those in high Place These were charged upon their Allegiance to give True and full Answers to the following Questions I. Whether the Statute and Commission in the last Parliament that is against Michael de la Pool were against the Kings Prerogative or not To which they all answered It was II. How they were to be punished who procured that Statute c. or who moved or compelled the King to consent thereunto They Unanimously answered They ought to be put to death as Traytors unless the King would please to pardon them III. When a Parliament is Assembled and the Cause of their Meeting declared and common Articles limited by the King upon which the Lords and Commons in that Parliament should proceed if the Lords and Commons will go upon other Articles and not these appointed by the King till the King hath first answered their desires though injoyned by the King to the contrary whether the King in this Case ought not to command the Parliament and oblige them to do his pleasure before they proceed further They answered That in this Case the King should over-rule and if any presumed to do contrary he was to be punished as a Traytor IV. Whether the King may at his pleasure dissolve the Parliament and Command the Lords and Commons to depart They answered That the King at his Pleasure may dissolve the Parliament and whoever shall after proceed against the Kings Mind as in a Parliament he is worthy to be punished as a Traytor V. Since the King may at his pleasure remove any of his Officers and Justices and punish them for their Offences whether may the Lords and Commons without the Kings Will accuse them in Parliament They replied They cannot and whosoever doth the contrary deserveth to be punished as a Traytor VI. What punishment they deserve who moved in Parliament that the Statute whereby K. Edward of Carnarvan was deposed in Parliament should be produced whereby a new Statute should be made It was answered That as well he that moved it as he that brought the Statute into the House were to be punished as Traytors Lastly Whether the Judgment given in Parliament against Michael de la Pool were erroneous and revocable They answered It was Erroneous and Revocable and that if the Judgment were now to be given the Justices would not give the same At this time the Londoners incurred much obloquy for having before been pardoned by the King of some Crimes lay'd to their Charge they were now ready to comply with his desires and a Jury of them being Impanneled they indicted some Lords of many crimes laid to their Charge And now the King and the Duke of Ireland sent into all parts of the Realm to raise men in this Quarrel against the Lords And required the Mayor of London to give an Account how many able men he could raise in the City who answered That he thought they could make fifty Thousand men at an hours warning Well said the King go and try what may be done But when the Mayor went about it the Citizens answered That they would never fight against the Kings Friends and the Defenders of the Realm About this time the King intended to have apprehended the Duke of Glocester but he made his escape and with other Lords had got together a great power of men at Harringey Park Upon which the King commanded that no Citizen of London should sell to the D. of Glocester the E. of Arundel or any of the Lords any Armour or Furniture of War under a great penalty After this the King is perswaded to send to the Lords to come to him to Westminster upon Oath given by the Arch-bishop of Canterbury and the Chancellor that no fraud nor evil practice should be used against them which the Lords were content to do but when they were ready to come they understood there was an Ambush laid to intrap them of a Thousand men in the Mews which the King absolutely denied he had any knowledge of yet the Lords after this receiving a safe Conduct from the King came to Westminster of whose coming when the King heard he apparelled himself in his Royal Robes and with his Scepter in his hand came into the Great Hall before whom the Lords upon their Knees presented themselves the King bidding them welcome and taking each of them by the hand Then the Lord Chancellor made a Speech wherein he blamed them for raising Arms desiring to know the Cause who answered They had done it for the good of the Kingdom and to remove the Traytors about the King Upon which the King himself spoke and asked them whether they thought to compel him by strong hand Have not I saith he sufficient power to beat you down truly in this behalf I make no more account of you than of the basest Skullion in my Kitchen Yet after these great words he lift up the Duke of Glocester who all this while was kneeling and commanded the rest also to rise and then led them Courteously to his Chamber where they sate and drank together and at last it was concluded they should all meet again as well these Lords as those they accused at the next Parliament which the King promised he would speedily call and each party to receive there according to Justice and in the mean while all Parties should be under the Kings Protection But when the Favourite Lords heard this they told the King plainly they neither durst nor would put themselves to the hazard of such a Meeting and therefore the Duke of Ireland and the rest of that Faction left the Court to be out of the way but the King not enduring their absence appointed Thomas Molineux Constable of the Castle of Chester to raise an Army and to safe conduct the Duke of Ireland to his presence But they being come as far as Radcoat Bridge were encountred by the Earl of Derby and the Duke of Ireland not daring to joyn battel with him fled and being to pass a River cast away his Gauntlets and sword to be more nimble and spurring his Horse lept into the River and so escaped though it was reported he was drowned till

fallen by Will or by Intestates and are under the Jurisdiction of the Arch-bishop of Canterbury There is also the College of Physicians curiously rebuilt in Warwick lane and likewise a College of Heralds who are Messengers of War and Peace and skilful in Descents Pedigrees and Coats of Arms. Gresham College in Bishopsgate-street is another built by Sir Tho. Gresham and a Revenue left to the Lord Mayor and Aldermen for maintaining four Persons to read within this College Divinity Geometry Astronomy and Musick with an allowance to each besides Lodging of 50 l. a year and other Rents are left to the Mercers Company to find three able Men more to read Civil Law Physick and Rhetorick with the same allowance these several Lectures should be read in Term time every day in the Week except Sundays beginning at nine in the Morning and at two Afternoon to give notice whereof the Bell in the Steeple of the Royal-Exchange is to ring at those times they are to read Forenoon in Latin and Afternoon in English The Musick Lecture to be read only in English There is also Sion College founded by Dr. White near Cripplegate for the use of the Clergy of London and of the Liberties thereof and some Alms-Houses for 24 poor People to perform all which he gave 3000 l. and for the maintenance of these poor People 120 l. a year for ever and 40 l. a year for a Sermon in Latin at the beginning of every Quarter and a plentiful Dinner for all the Clergy that shall then meet there In this College is a fine Library built by John Symson well furnished with Books for Divines This College felt the rage of the Fire but is since rebuilt A little without the Walls stands another College or Collegiate House called the Charter-house formerly a Convent of Carthusian Monks called also Suttons Hospital It consists of a Master or Governour a Chaplain with a Master and Usher to instruct 44 Scholars besides 80 decayed Gentlemen Soldiers or Merchants who have all a plentiful maintenance of Diet Lodging Cloaths Physick c. and live all together in a Collegiate manner and the 44 Scholars have all Necessaries whilst they are here taught and when fit for the University there is allowed to each out of the Revenues of this College 20 l. yearly for 3 years after they come to the University and to others sit for Trades a considerable sum to bind them Apprentices There are all sorts of Officers fit for such a Society as Minster Physician Apothecary Steward Cook Butler c. who have all competent Salaries This vast Revenue and Princely Foundation was the sole Gift of an ordinary Gentleman Mr. Thomas Sutton born in Lincolnshire and is of such account that by the Kings Letters Patents under the great Seal divers Persons of the highest Dignity and Quality in Church and State are always the Overseers and Regulators of this Society as the Arch bishop of Canterbury the L. Keeper or Chancellor L. Treasurer and 13 more There are likewise divers publick Schools endowed as St. Pauls a Free School founded by Dr. Collet Dean of St. Pauls for 153 Children to be taught gratis for which there was appointed a Master a Submaster or Usher and a Chaplain with large ●●●pends paid by the Mercers Company This famous School was also burnt down but is now reedified in a more magnificent and commodious Manner In 1553. after the crecting of Christs Hospital out of the Ruins of the Gray Fryers a great number of poor Children were taken in and a School appointed at the charge of the City There are in London divers other endowed or Free Schools as Merchant Taylors Mercers c. There are likewise several famous Hospitals in this City as Christs Hospital given by King Edward VI. from whence Children are put forth Apprentices every year some of them being instructed in Arithmetick and Navigation are placed with Commanders of Ships out of the Mathematical School founded by K. Charles H. Then there is St. Bartholomews Hospital for maimed Soldiers Seamen and other diseased Persons St. Thomas's Hospital in Southwark for sick and wounded Persons Also Pridewell Hospital for Vagrants and Indigent Persons The Hospital o● Bethlem for curing Lunaticks and mad Men hath been lately removed because of the inconveniency of the Place and a stately and magnificent Hospital built for them in Morefields which cost above 17000 Pound CHAP. IX The Strand Westminster and Part Adjacent IT would too much enlarge this small Volume to give an exact Account of the City of Westminster and other Parts we shall therefore only remark some Particulars Westminister was formerly called Dorney or Thorney and was an Island incompassed by the Thames overgrown with Fryers and Thorns but now graced with sltately Houses and Pallaces both publick and private The chief are the two Palaces of White hall but the former was lately burnt down by a sudden Fire and St. James's to which is adjoined a delightful Park in which is a Mall said to be the best in Europe it is now the Pallace of our Gracious Queen Anne Then there is Westminster-hall where the Courts of Justice are kept as the High Court of Parliament consisting of the King the Lords Spiritual and Temporal and the Commons The Court of Kings Bench wherein the King sometimes sate in Person in which are handled all the Pleas of the Crown all things that concern loss of Life or Member for them the K. or Qu. is concerned because the Life and Limbs of the Subject belong only to them so that the Pleas are here between the King and the Subject As all Treasons Felonies Breach of Peace Oppression Misgovernment c. In this Court sit four Judges Then there is the Court of Common-Pleas so called say some because there are debated the usual Pleas between one Subject and another in this Court there are likewise four Judges Next is the Court of Exchequer so called some think from a Checquer wrought Carpet covering the great Table in that Court wherein are tryed all Causes concerning the Kings Revenue There is another called the Court of the Dutchy of Lancaster which takes Cognizance of all Causes that concern the Reve●ues of that Dutchy Also the high Court of Chan●ery which is placed next the King's Bench as mitigating the Rigor thereof this Court is the Womb ●f all our Fundamental Laws it is called Chancery as ●ome imagine because the Judge of this Court sate ●nciently inter Cancellos or within Lattices as the East end of our Churches being separated per Cancel●os from the Body of the Church as peculiarly belonging to the Priest were thence called Chancels this Court grants Writs according to Equity or Consci●nce Out of which issue Summons for Parliaments ●dicts Proclamations Letters Patents Treaties ●eagues with Forreign Princes c. There is likewise ●he Court of Admiralty wherein all matters concern●ng the Sea are determined by the Civil Law because ●he Sea is without the Limits

wear the English Crown But Harold being destinated to destruction would neither accept the counsels of his Friends nor the offers of his Enemies but referred the decision to Heaven saying That it should be tried the next day with more Swords than one Next day was the 14 of October which upon a credulous Errour he always held to be fortunate to him it being his Birth-day and therefore he greatly desired to engage in fight His Souldiers likewise dreaming of nothing but Spoil and Victory and that their heads should be crowned with Lawrel spent the preceding night in all manner of Jollity Banquetting Revelling and Noise whereas on the contrary the Normans wisely and seriously considering the great importance of the work they were to engage in applied themselves to their Prayers and Vows for the safety of their Army and its victorious suc●ess And in the morning as soon as it was light they were all in Battle Aray and ready prepared to fight Harold likewise with all expedition marshalled his Souldiers placing the Kentish men in the Van according to an ancient custom with their heavy Axes and Halberts the Londoners and the Middlesex men were in that Squadron which he himself and his Brother led The Normans advancing forward discharged a fierce Volley of Arrows like a Tempestuous Hail which was a kind of Weapon the English never understood and therefore thought their Enemies had been in the midst of them already Soon after the Battle began in earnest King Harold like an expert General had placed his men in so firm a Body that no force of the Normans could disorder their Ranks till Duke William used a stratagem commanding his men to sound a Retreat and counterfeit flight though he still kept them in good order The English supposing the Normans to have been fled and themselves Masters of the Field carelesly broke their ranks when suddenly the Normans came on again and fell upon them before they could put themselves in a posture of defence whereby multitudes of them were slain on every side not being able to make head again Yet did not the English leave the Field but resolved rather to maintain their honour in Arms and casting themselves into a Round they preferred dying for their Country rather than to forsake the Standard of their King and thereupon encouraging one another they made resistance for a long time but showers of Arrows like a mighty storm falling among them one of them most fatally and unhappily for the English Nation wounded King Harold into the Brains through the left Eye so that falling from his Horse he was slain under his own Standard and an Ambush of Horsemen cut many others to pieces Duke William fought so valiantly that he had this day three Horses slain under him and King Harold shewed no less courage in killing many Normans with his own hands The Mother of Harold named Thyra offered a great sum of mony for the Kings body which falling among such a multitude it being reckoned that there died about threescore thousand men that day it could by no means be found for it was despoiled of all its Royal Ornaments by the plundering Souldiers so that King Harold lying stript wounded bemangled and gored in his bloud could not be known from another man till a Lady named Editha was sent for who for her extraordinary beauty was called Swans Neck she having been very familiar with him before he was King knew some secret mark in his body by which she discovered him After which the Duke freely delivered it to his Mother and it was buried in Waltham Abby This Battle was fought October 14. 1066. a doleful day of destruction to the English when the Royal bloud of the Saxons perished who first divided this Land into seven Kingdoms and afterwards made of them one glorious Monarchy not inferiour to any in Europe and whose Kings for Valour and Magnanimity were ranked with the greatest in the World But the over-ruling providence of Heaven which sets up and pulls down at pleasure was pleased at this time for the sins of the English or some other cause unknown to us to put the Scepter into the hands of another Family and another Nation Morcar and Edwin Brethren to the unfortunate Queen escaped by night out of the R●●le and came to London where consulting with the rest of the Lords they began to revive their hopes and posted Messengers from thence to raise new Forces And because the English were struck into a dreadful astonishment at the news of this great ●oss they to keep them from despair sent them Word That the chance of War was uncertain the number of the English yet many and there were Commanders enough left to try another Battle Alfred Archbishop of York being President of the Assembly very couragiously and prudently advised ●hat they should immediately proclaim and crown Edgar Atheling the true Heir for their King to which the Londoners and divers Sea Captains agreed But the Queens brethren and likewise the Earls of Yorkshire and Cheshire being themselves ●mbitious of the Crown though their Country was in such a deplorable condition hindered this wise and noble design In the twentieth Year of William the Conque●our there happened so great a Fire in London ●hat from the West Gate to the East it consumed Houses and Churches all the way and among the ●est St. Pauls as much as was combustible was ●urnt to ashes and most of the principal Cities in England were much damaged by Fire Other great calamities likewise happened as Burning Fevers Murrains upon Cattle abundance of Rain and Water-flouds insomuch that the Hills seemed to ●e softned to the very foundation and with their ●all overwhelmed many Villages there was likewise such a dearth in London and England that ●en eat Horses Cats Dogs and mans flesh In 1077. upon Palm Sunday about Noon a bla●ing Star appeared nigh the Sun yea which is ●●range tame Fowls such as Hens Geese Pea●cks and the like fled into Forests and Woods beca●●● wild There was likewise a great Forst which lasted from the middle of November to the midst of March There was also a grea● Wind on Christmas day accompanied with a terrible Earthquake This King William seized all the Lands between Barnee and London-stone which belonged to the Abby of St. Albans and also all the Treasure Chalices and Shrines of all the Abbies and Monasteries in England He likewise laid great Taxes upon the Land and caused an exact Survey to be taken of the whole Kingdom so that he knew the value of all the Rents and Profits of the Lands and likewise of all Cities Towns Villages Hamlets Monasteries and Religious Houses causing all the People in England to be numbred and their names taken with an account what every one could spend in the Year After which be exacted fix shillings upon every hide of Land which amounted to a vast sum of money The Book which contained this Actual Survey was called by the English

People that they combined together and resisted the Collectors killing some wounding others and making the rest fly The Tumult began first in Kent upon this occasion as it is related in the Chronicles of St. Albans One of these Exactors coming to the House of John others say Wat Tyler living at Dartford in Kent demanded of Tylers Wife a Groat a piece for her Husband her self and Servants and likewise for a young Maiden her Daughter The woman paid for all but her daughter alleaging she was a Child and underage to pay That will I soon know quoth the Collector and shamefully turned the young Maids Coats up to see whether she were come to ripeness of Age these Villains having in divers other Places made the like base and uncivil Trials Hereupon the Mother crying out divers of the Neighbours came in and her Husband being at work in the Town tyling a house hearing of it taking his Lathing-staff in his hand ran home and finding the Collector asked him who made him so bold the Collector returned ill Language and struck at Tyler who avoiding the blow gave the Collector such a home-blow with his Lathing-staff that his Brains flew out of his head which made a great uproar in the Streets and the People being glad at what had happened they prepared to defend and stand by Tyler And thereupon a great number of them being got together they went from thence to Maidstone and then to Black-Heath perswading and Exhorting all the People as they marched along to join with them in this common Cause and setting Guards upon all the ways to Canterbury they stopped all Passengers compelling them to swear That they would keep Allegiance to King Richard and to the Commons That they would accept of no King whose name was John because of the hatred they had to John Duke of Lancaster who called himself King of Castile And that they should be ready when they were called and should agree to no Tax to be levied from thenceforth in the Kingdom nor consent to any except it were a Fifteenth There joyned with them one John Ball a factious Clergyman who took occasion to rip up the grounds of the Mis-government telling the People That this difference of Mens Estates where some were Potentates and others Bondmen was against Christian Liberty taking for his Text this old Rhyme When Adam Delv'd and Eve Span Who was then a Gentleman This so incensed the Commons that their Number daily increased so that when they were come as far as Blackheath they were esteemed to be an Hundred Thousand so that fearing no resistance they began to commit all manner of Violence sparing none whom they thought to be learned especially if they found a pen or Inkhorn about him for then they pull'd off his Hood and with one Voice cryed out Hale him out and cut off his head The King sent some Knights to them to know the cause of their Assembling To whom they answered That for certain Causes they were come together and desired to talk with the King and therefore willed the Knights to tell him That he must needs come to them that he might understand the desire of their Hearts The King was advised by some to go presently to them but Simon Sudbury Archbishop of Canterbury Lord Chancellor and Robert Hales of St. Johns Treasurer affirmed That it was not fit for the King to go to such a rude Company but rather to take Order to suppress them This the Commons hearing were so enraged that they swore They would go seek the Kings Traytors and cut off their beads And thereupon they marched into Southwark and ruined the Archbishops Palace at Lambeth out of spight to him The Lord Mayor and Aldermen fearing they would do the like to the City ordered the Gates to be shut but the Commoners of the City especially the Poorer sort favouring the Commoners of the Countrey threatned death to all that should attempt it So that the Rebels had free Egress and Regress in and out of London and dayly incouraged the Citizens to favour their Cause declaring Their Purpose was only to bring the Traytors of the Land to Justice and then they would lay down their Arms And hereby they won them to stand by them The first thing they did when they came to London was to send for one Richard Lyon a Grave Citizen who had been Tylers Master and having struck off his head they carried it upon a Pole in Triumph before them The next day they came to the Savoy the Duke of Lancasters House which they set on fire burning all his rich Furniture breaking in peices all his Plate and Jewels and throwing them into the Thames saying They were men of Justice and would not like Robbers inrich themselves with any mans Goods for they only were for destroying Traytors And when one of their Fellows was espied to thrust a fair piece of Silver into his bosom they took him and cast both him and it into the Fire neither took they any thing from any man but at the just price Two and thirty of them were got into the Dukes Wine-cellar where they stayed drinking so long till the Rafters of the House which was on Fire fell upon them and so covered them that not able to get out they were heard cry seven days after and then perished From the Savoy they went to the Temple where they burnt the Lawyers Chambers with their Books and Writings and all they could lay hands on Also the Noble House of St. Johns by Smithfield they set on Fire which burnt for seven days together not suffering any to quench it And likewise the Mannor of Highbury and other Places belonging to St. Johns After this they came to the Tower where King Richard lodged and sent to command him To come to them without delay unarmed and without any Guard which if he refused they would pull down the Tower and be should not escape alive The King finding no other Remedy though he had 600 Armed Men and as many Archers about him yet durst not but suffer them to enter so that in great fear the King went toward them on Horseback his own Guards standing as men amazed Being come into the Tower these Rusticks presumed to enter into the King and his Mothers Chambers with their Weapons and laid themselves on the Kings bed sporting and playing thereon yea they abused the Kings Mother offering to kiss her in such a rude manner that she fell into a Swound They then proceeded with Rage and Fury to search for the Arch-bishop of Canterbury and finding one of his Servants charged him to bring them to the Traytor his Master the Servant being afraid brought them to the Chappel where his Master was at Prayers who being aware of their coming had continued there all night and when he heard they were come he said with great constancy to his Servants Let us now go surely it is best to dye when it is no pleasure to live Upon