Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	great_a	king_n	people_n	5,231	5	4.6713	4	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A60883	The security of English-mens lives, or, The trust, power, and duty of the grand jurys of England explaining according to the fundamentals of the English government, and the declarations of the same made in Parliament by many statutes / published for the prevention of popish designs against the lives of many Protestant lords and commoners who stand firm to the religion and ancient government of England.	Somers, John Somers, Baron, 1651-1716.	1681 (1681)	Wing S4643; ESTC R33648	56,152	169

mischief_n will_v be_v do_v whilst_o it_o be_v by_o their_o own_o confession_n uncertain_a whether_o they_o be_v any_o way_n deserve_v by_o such_o as_o suffer_v they_o to_o the_o utter_a overthrow_n of_o all_o justice_n if_o the_o word_n probable_a be_v take_v in_o a_o common_a rather_o than_o a_o nice_a logical_a sense_n it_o signify_v no_o more_o than_o likely_a or_o rather_o likely_a than_o unlikely_a when_o a_o matter_n be_v find_v to_o be_v so_o the_o wager_n be_v not_o even_o there_o be_v odds_o upon_o one_o side_n and_o this_o may_v be_v a_o very_a good_a ground_n for_o bet_v in_o a_o tennis_n court_n or_o at_o a_o horse_n race_n but_o he_o that_o will_v make_v the_o administration_n of_o justice_n to_o depend_v upon_o such_o point_n seem_v to_o put_v a_o very_a small_a value_n upon_o the_o fortune_n liberty_n and_o reputation_n of_o man_n and_o to_o forget_v that_o those_o who_o set_v in_o court_n of_o justice_n have_v no_o other_o business_n there_o than_o to_o preserve_v they_o this_o continue_v in_o force_n though_o in_o a_o dialogue_n between_o a_o barrister_n and_o a_o grand_a jury_n man_n publish_v under_o the_o title_n of_o the_o grand_a jury_n man_n oath_n and_o office_n it_o be_v say_v p._n 8._o and_o 9_o that_o their_o work_n be_v no_o more_o than_o to_o present_a offence_n fit_a for_o a_o trial_n and_o for_o that_o reason_n give_v in_o only_a a_o verisimilar_v or_o probable_a charge_n and_o other_o have_v affirm_v that_o a_o far_o less_o evidence_n will_v warrant_v a_o grand_a jury_n indictment_n than_o a_o petit_fw-fr jury_n verdict_n for_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o opposite_a to_o the_o justice_n of_o our_o law_n than_o such_o opinion_n all_o law_n in_o doubtful_a case_n direct_v a_o suspension_n of_o judgement_n or_o a_o sentence_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o accuse_v person_n but_o if_o this_o be_v hearken_v unto_o grand_fw-fr juries_n shall_v upon_o their_o oath_n affirm_v they_o judge_v he_o criminal_a when_o the_o evidence_n be_v upon_o such_o uncertain_a ground_n that_o they_o can_v but_o doubt_n whether_o he_o be_v so_o or_o not_o it_o can_v be_v hereupon_o say_v that_o no_o evidence_n be_v so_o clear_a and_o full_a but_o it_o may_v be_v false_a and_o give_v the_o jury_n occasion_n of_o doubt_n so_o as_o all_o criminal_n must_v escape_v if_o no_o indictment_n ought_v to_o be_v find_v unless_o the_o proof_n be_v absolute_o certain_a for_o it_o be_v confess_v that_o such_o case_n be_v not_o capable_a of_o a_o infallible_a mathematical_a demonstration_n but_o a_o jury_n that_o examine_v all_o the_o witness_n that_o be_v likely_a to_o give_v any_o light_n concern_v the_o business_n in_o question_n and_o all_o circumstance_n relate_v to_o the_o fact_n before_o they_o with_o the_o life_n and_o credit_n of_o those_o that_o testify_v it_o and_o of_o the_o person_n accuse_v may_v and_o do_v often_o find_v that_o which_o in_o their_o conscience_n do_v full_o persuade_v they_o that_o the_o accuse_a person_n be_v guilty_a this_o be_v as_o much_o as_o the_o law_n or_o their_o oath_n do_v require_v and_o such_o as_o find_v bill_n after_o have_v make_v such_o a_o scrutiny_n be_v blameless_a before_o god_n and_o man_n if_o through_o the_o fragility_n inseparable_a from_o humane_a nature_n they_o shall_v be_v lead_v into_o error_n for_o they_o do_v not_o swear_v that_o the_o bill_n be_v true_a but_o that_o they_o in_o their_o conscience_n believe_v that_o it_o be_v so_o and_o if_o they_o write_v ignoramus_n upon_o the_o bill_n it_o be_v not_o thereby_o declare_v to_o be_v false_a nor_o the_o person_n accuse_v acquit_v but_o the_o matter_n be_v suspend_v until_o it_o can_v be_v more_o clear_o prove_v as_o in_o doubtful_a case_n it_o always_o aught_o to_o be_v our_o ancestor_n take_v great_a care_n that_o suspicious_a and_o probable_a cause_n shall_v not_o bring_v any_o man_n life_n and_o estate_n into_o danger_n for_o that_o reason_n it_o be_v ordain_v by_o the_o stat._n 37._o ed._n 3._o cap._n 18._o that_o such_o as_o make_v suggestion_n to_o the_o king_n shall_v find_v surety_n to_o pursue_v and_o incur_v the_o same_o pain_n that_o the_o other_o shall_v have_v have_v if_o he_o be_v attaint_v in_o case_n their_o suggestion_n be_v find_v evil_a &_o that_o then_o process_n of_o the_o law_n shall_v be_v make_v against_o the_o accuse_v this_o manner_n of_o proceed_v have_v its_o root_n on_o eternal_a and_o universal_a reason_n the_o law_n give_v by_o god_n unto_o his_o people_n deut._n 19_o allot_v the_o same_o punishment_n unto_o a_o false_a witness_n as_o a_o person_n convict_v the_o best_a discipline_v nation_n of_o the_o world_n learn_v this_o from_o the_o hebrew_n and_o make_v it_o their_o rule_n in_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n the_o grecian_n general_o observe_v it_o and_o the_o roman_n according_a to_o their_o lex_fw-la talionis_fw-la do_v not_o only_o punish_v death_n with_o death_n but_o the_o intention_n of_o commit_v murder_n by_o false_a accusation_n with_o the_o same_o severity_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v effect_v by_o any_o other_o mean_n this_o law_n be_v inviolable_o observe_v as_o long_o as_o any_o thing_n of_o regularity_n or_o equity_n remain_v among_o they_o and_o when_o through_o the_o wickedness_n of_o some_o of_o the_o emperor_n or_o their_o favourite_n it_o come_v to_o be_v overthrow_v all_o justice_n perish_v with_o it_o a_o crew_n of_o false_a informer_n break_v out_o to_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o best_a man_n and_o never_o cease_v until_o they_o have_v ruin_v all_o the_o most_o eminent_a and_o ancient_a family_n circumvent_v the_o person_n that_o by_o their_o reputation_n wealth_n birth_n or_o virtue_n deserve_v to_o be_v distinguish_v from_o the_o common_a sort_n of_o people_n and_o bring_v desolation_n upon_o that_o victorious_a city_n 3._o tac._n ann._n 3._o tacitus_n complain_v of_o this_o as_o the_o cause_n of_o all_o the_o mischief_n suffer_v in_o his_o time_n and_o country_n by_o their_o mean_n the_o most_o savage_a cruelty_n be_v commit_v under_o the_o name_n of_o law_n which_o thereby_o become_v a_o great_a plague_n than_o former_o crime_n have_v be_v no_o remedy_n can_v be_v find_v when_o those_o delatores_fw-la who_o he_o call_v genus_fw-la hominum_fw-la publico_fw-la exitio_fw-la repertum_fw-la 4._o tac._n ann._n 4._o &_o poenis_fw-la quidem_fw-la nunquam_fw-la satis_fw-la coercitum_fw-la be_v invite_v by_o impunity_n or_o reward_n and_o the_o miserable_a people_n groan_v under_o this_o calamity_n until_o those_o instrument_n of_o iniquity_n be_v by_o better_a prince_n put_v to_o the_o most_o cruel_a though_o well_o deserve_v death_n the_o like_a have_v be_v see_v in_o many_o place_n and_o the_o domestic_a quiet_n which_o be_v now_o enjoy_v in_o the_o principal_a part_n of_o europe_n proceed_v chief_o from_o this_o that_o every_o man_n know_v the_o same_o punishment_n be_v appoint_v for_o a_o false_a accusation_n and_o a_o prove_a crime_n it_o be_v hardly_o seven_o year_n since_o mounseur_fw-fr courboyer_n a_o man_n of_o quality_n in_o britain_n suborn_v two_o of_o the_o king_n of_o france_n his_o guard_n to_o swear_v treasonable_a design_n against_o la_fw-fr motte_n a_o norman_a gentleman_n the_o matter_n be_v bring_v to_o monsieur_n colebert_n he_o cause_v the_o accuse_v person_n and_o the_o witness_n to_o be_v secure_v until_o the_o fraud_n be_v discover_v by_o one_o of_o they_o whereupon_o he_o be_v pardon_v la_fw-fr motte_n release_v courboyer_n behead_v and_o the_o other_o false_a witness_v hang_v by_o the_o sentence_n of_o the_o parliament_n of_o paris_n though_o this_o law_n seem_v to_o be_v ground_v upon_o such_o foundation_n as_o forbid_v we_o to_o question_v the_o equity_n of_o it_o our_o ancestor_n for_o reason_n best_o know_v unto_o themselves_o think_v fit_a to_o moderate_v its_o severity_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o 38._o ed._n 3._o cap._n 9_o yet_o then_o it_o be_v enact_v and_o the_o law_n continue_v in_o force_n unto_o this_o day_n that_o whosoever_o make_v complaint_n to_o the_o king_n and_o can_v not_o prove_v they_o against_o the_o defendant_n by_o the_o process_n of_o law_n limit_v in_o former_a statute_n which_o be_v first_o by_o a_o grand_a jury_n he_o shall_v be_v imprison_v until_o he_o have_v make_v gree_n to_o the_o party_n of_o his_o damage_n and_o of_o the_o slander_n he_o suffer_v by_o such_o occasion_n and_o after_o shall_v make_v fine_a and_o ransom_n to_o the_o king_n which_o be_v for_o the_o common_a damage_n that_o the_o king_n and_o his_o people_n suffer_v by_o such_o a_o false_a accusation_n and_o defamation_n of_o any_o subject_a and_o in_o the_o 42._o ed._n 3._o cap_n 3._o to_o eschew_v the_o mischief_n and_o damage_n do_v by_o false_a accuser_n it_o be_v enact_v that_o no_o man_n be_v put_v to_o answer_v such_o suggestion_n without_o presentment_n before_o the_o justice_n i._n e._n by_o the_o grand_a jury_n it_o

humane_a institution_n be_v in_o scripture_n call_v the_o judgement_n of_o god_n who_o be_v the_o god_n of_o truth_n yet_o further_o if_o any_o benefit_n to_o the_o king_n can_v be_v imagine_v by_o make_v the_o evidence_n to_o the_o grand_a jury_n public_a it_o can_v not_o come_v in_o competition_n with_o the_o law_n express_v in_o their_o oath_n which_o by_o constant_a uninterrupted_a usage_n for_o so_o many_o age_n have_v obtain_v the_o force_n of_o law_n bracton_n and_o britton_n in_o their_o several_a generation_n bear_v witness_n that_o it_o be_v then_o practise_v and_o great_a proof_n of_o it_o need_v not_o be_v seek_v than_o the_o dispute_n that_o appear_v by_o the_o law-book_n to_o have_v be_v among_o the_o ancient_a lawyer_n whether_o it_o be_v treason_n or_o felony_n for_o a_o grand_a jury_n to_o discover_v either_o who_o be_v indict_v or_o what_o evidence_n be_v give_v they_o the_o trust_n of_o the_o grand_a jury_n be_v think_v so_o sacred_a in_o those_o age_n and_o their_o secrecy_n of_o so_o great_a concern_v to_o the_o kingdom_n that_o whosoever_o shall_v break_v their_o oath_n therein_o be_v by_o all_o thought_n worthy_a to_o die_v only_o some_o will_v have_v have_v they_o suffer_v as_o traitor_n other_o as_o felon_n 771._o co._n instit_fw-la 3d_o part_n p._n 107._o rulls_n indic_n 771._o and_o at_o this_o day_n it_o be_v hold_v to_o be_v a_o high_a misprision_n punishable_a by_o fine_a and_o impoverishment_n the_o law_n then_o have_v appoint_v the_o evidence_n to_o be_v give_v to_o grand_a jury_n in_o secret_a the_o king_n can_v desire_v to_o have_v it_o make_v public_a he_o can_v do_v no_o wrong_n say_v the_o old_a maxim_n that_o be_v he_o can_v do_v nothing_o against_o the_o law_n nor_o be_v any_o thing_n to_o be_v judge_v for_o his_o benefit_n that_o be_v not_o warrant_v by_o law_n his_o will_n command_n and_o desire_n be_v therein_o no_o otherwise_o to_o be_v know_v he_o can_v change_v the_o legal_a method_n or_o manner_n of_o inquire_v by_o jury_n nor_o vary_v in_o any_o particular_a case_n from_o the_o customary_a and_o general_a form_n of_o judicial_a proceed_n he_o can_v neither_o abridge_v nor_o enlarge_v the_o power_n of_o juries_n no_o more_o than_o he_o can_v lessen_v the_o legal_a power_n of_o the_o sheriff_n or_o judge_n or_o by_o special_a direction_n order_v the_o one_o how_o they_o shall_v execute_v writ_n and_o the_o other_o how_o they_o shall_v give_v judgement_n though_o these_o make_v by_o himself_o it_o be_v criminal_a no_o doubt_n for_o any_o to_o say_v that_o the_o king_n desire_v a_o court_n of_o justice_n or_o a_o jury_n to_o vary_v from_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o law_n and_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o be_v believe_v therein_o if_o letter_n writ_n or_o other_o command_n shall_v come_v to_o the_o judge_n for_o that_o purpose_n they_o be_v bind_v by_o their_o oath_n not_o to_o regard_v they_o but_o to_o hold_v they_o for_o null_n the_o statute_n of_o 2_o e._n 3.8_o and_o 20_o e._n 3.1_o be_v express_a that_o if_o any_o writ_n or_o commandment_n come_v to_o the_o justice_n in_o disturbance_n of_o the_o law_n or_o the_o execution_n of_o the_o same_o or_o of_o right_a to_o the_o party_n they_o shall_v proceed_v as_o if_o no_o such_o letter_n writ_n or_o command_n be_v come_v to_o they_o and_o the_o substance_n of_o these_o and_o other_o statute_n be_v insert_v into_o the_o oath_n take_v by_o every_o judge_n and_o if_o they_o be_v under_o the_o most_o solemn_a and_o sacred_a tie_n in_o the_o execution_n of_o justice_n to_o hold_v for_o nothing_o or_o none_o the_o command_n of_o the_o king_n under_o the_o great_a seal_n sure_o the_o word_n or_o desire_n of_o a_o attorney_n general_n in_o the_o like_a case_n aught_o to_o be_v less_o than_o nothing_o beside_o they_o be_v strange_o mistake_v who_o think_v the_o king_n can_v have_v a_o interest_n different_a from_o or_o contrary_a unto_o that_o of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o prosecution_n of_o accuse_v person_n his_o concernment_n be_v involve_v in_o those_o of_o his_o people_n and_o he_o can_v have_v none_o distinct_a from_o they_o he_o be_v the_o head_n of_o the_o body_n politic_a and_o the_o legal_a course_n of_o do_v justice_n be_v like_o the_o orderly_a circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n in_o the_o natural_a body_n by_o which_o both_o head_n and_o body_n be_v equal_o preserve_v and_o both_o perish_v by_o the_o interruption_n of_o it_o the_o king_n be_v oblige_v to_o the_o utmost_a of_o his_o power_n to_o maintain_v the_o law_n and_o justice_n in_o its_o due_a course_n by_o his_o coronation_n oath_n and_o the_o trust_v thereby_o repose_v in_o he_o in_o former_a age_n he_o be_v conjure_v not_o to_o take_v the_o crown_n unless_o he_o resolve_v punctual_o to_o observe_v it_o 68_o brom._n p._n 1159_o mat._n paris_n p._n 153._o hoved._n p._n 374._o baker_n p._n 68_o bromton_n &_o other_o speak_v of_o the_o coronation_n of_o richard_n the_o first_o deliver_v it_o thus_o that_o have_v first_o take_v the_o oath_n deinde_fw-la indutus_fw-la mantello_n ductus_fw-la est_fw-la ad_fw-la altar_n &_o conjuratus_fw-la ab_fw-la archiepiscopo_fw-la &_o prohibitus_fw-la ex_fw-la parte_fw-la dei_fw-la ne_fw-la hunc_fw-la honorem_fw-la sibi_fw-la assumat_fw-la nisi_fw-la in_o ment_fw-la habeat_fw-la tenere_fw-la sacramenta_fw-la &_o vota_fw-la quae_fw-la superius_fw-la fecit_fw-la et_fw-la ipse_fw-la respondit_fw-la se_fw-la per_fw-la dei_fw-la auxilium_fw-la omne_fw-la supradicta_fw-la observaturum_fw-la bona_fw-la fide_fw-la deinde_fw-la cepit_fw-la coronam_fw-la de_fw-la altari_fw-la &_o tradidit_fw-la eam_fw-la archiepiscopo_fw-la qui_fw-la posuit_fw-la eam_fw-la super_fw-la caput_fw-la regis_fw-la &_o sic_fw-la coronatus_n rex_fw-la ductus_fw-la est_fw-la ad_fw-la sedem_fw-la svam_fw-la afterward_o clothe_v with_o the_o royal_a robe_n he_o be_v lead_v to_o the_o altar_n and_o conjure_v by_o the_o archbishop_n and_o forbid_v in_o the_o name_n of_o god_n not_o to_o assume_v that_o honour_n unless_o he_o intend_v to_o keep_v the_o oath_n and_o vow_n he_o have_v before_o make_v and_o he_o answer_v by_o god_n help_n he_o will_v faithful_o observe_v all_o the_o premise_n and_o then_o he_o take_v the_o crown_n from_o off_o the_o altar_n and_o deliver_v it_o to_o the_o archbishop_n who_o put_v it_o upon_o the_o king_n head_n and_o the_o king_n thus_o crown_v be_v lead_v unto_o his_o seat_n the_o violation_n of_o which_o trust_n can_v but_o be_v as_o well_o a_o wound_n unto_o their_o conscience_n as_o bring_v great_a prejudice_n upon_o their_o person_n and_o affair_n the_o common_a law_n that_o exact_v this_o do_v so_o far_o provide_v for_o prince_n that_o have_v their_o mind_n free_a from_o care_n of_o preserve_v themselves_o they_o may_v rest_v assure_v that_o no_o act_n word_n or_o design_n that_o may_v bring_v they_o into_o danger_n can_v be_v conceal_v from_o the_o many_o hundred_o of_o man_n who_o by_o the_o law_n be_v appoint_v in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n watchful_o to_o take_v care_n of_o the_o king_n and_o be_v so_o far_o concern_v in_o his_o safety_n that_o they_o can_v hope_v no_o long_o to_o enjoy_v their_o own_o life_n and_o fortune_n in_o peace_n than_o they_o can_v preserve_v he_o and_o the_o good_a order_n which_o according_a to_o the_o law_n he_o be_v to_o uphold_v it_o be_v the_o joint_a interest_n of_o king_n and_o people_n that_o the_o ancient_a rule_n of_o do_v justice_n be_v hold_v sacred_a and_o inviolable_a and_o they_o be_v equal_o concern_v in_o cause_v strict_a inquiry_n to_o be_v make_v into_o all_o evidence_n give_v against_o suspect_v or_o accuse_v person_n that_o the_o truth_n may_v be_v discover_v and_o such_o as_o dare_v to_o disturb_v the_o public_a peace_n by_o break_v the_o law_n may_v be_v bring_v to_o punishment_n and_o the_o whole_a course_n of_o judicial_a proceed_n in_o criminal_a cause_n show_v that_o the_o people_n be_v therein_o equal_o concern_v with_o the_o king_n who_o name_n be_v use_v this_o be_v the_o ground_n of_o that_o distinction_n which_o sir_n ed._n coke_n make_v between_o the_o proceed_n in_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o action_n for_o wrong_n do_v to_o the_o king_n himself_o 136._o co._n 3d._n inst_z pag._n 136._o in_o plea_n of_o the_o crown_n or_o other_o common_a offence_n nuisance_n etc._n etc._n principal_o concern_v other_o or_o the_o public_a there_o the_o king_n by_o law_n must_v be_v apprise_v by_o indictment_n presentment_n or_o other_o matter_n of_o record_n but_o the_o king_n may_v have_v a_o action_n for_o such_o wrong_n as_o be_v do_v to_o himself_o and_o whereof_o none_o other_o can_v have_v a_o action_n but_o the_o king_n without_o be_v apprise_v by_o indictment_n presentment_n or_o other_o matter_n of_o record_n as_o a_o quare_fw-la impedit_fw-la quare_fw-la incumbravit_fw-la a_o writ_n of_o attaint_n of_o debt_n detinue_n of_o ward_n escheat_n scire_fw-la fac_fw-la pur_fw-mi repealer_n patent_n

and_o destroy_v the_o innocent_a this_o be_v to_o turn_v a_o legal_a king_n into_o a_o nimrod_n a_o hunter_n of_o man_n this_o be_v not_o to_o act_v the_o part_n of_o a_o father_n or_o a_o shepherd_n who_o be_v ready_a to_o lay_v down_o his_o life_n for_o his_o sheep_n but_o such_o as_o the_o psalmist_n complain_v of_o who_o eat_v up_o the_o people_n as_o if_o they_o eat_v bread_n jezebel_n do_v perhaps_o applaud_v she_o own_o wit_n and_o think_v she_o have_v do_v a_o great_a service_n to_o the_o king_n by_o find_v out_o man_n of_o belial_n judge_n and_o witness_n to_o bring_v naboth_n to_o be_v stone_v but_o that_o unregarded_a blood_n be_v a_o canker_n or_o the_o plague_n of_o leprosy_n in_o his_o throne_n and_o family_n which_o can_v not_o be_v cure_v but_o by_o its_o overthrow_n and_o extinction_n but_o if_o the_o attorney_n general_n can_v serve_v the_o king_n by_o abuse_v jury_n and_o subvert_v the_o innocent_a he_o can_v as_o little_a gain_v a_o advantage_n to_o himself_o by_o falsify_v his_o oath_n by_o the_o true_a meaning_n whereof_o he_o be_v to_o prosecute_v justice_n impartial_o and_o the_o eternal_a divine_a law_n will_v annul_v any_o oath_n or_o promise_n that_o he_o shall_v have_v take_v to_o the_o contrary_a even_o though_o his_o office_n have_v oblige_v he_o unto_o it_o the_o like_a obligation_n lie_v upon_o juror_n not_o to_o suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v delude_v or_o persuade_v that_o the_o judge_n king_n council_n or_o any_o other_o can_v dispense_v with_o that_o oath_n or_o any_o part_n of_o it_o which_o they_o have_v take_v before_o god_n unto_o the_o whole_a nation_n nor_o to_o think_v that_o they_o can_v swerve_v from_o the_o rule_v set_v by_o the_o law_n without_o a_o damnable_a breach_n of_o it_o the_o power_n of_o relate_v or_o dissolve_v conscientious_a obligation_n acknowledge_v in_o the_o pope_n make_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o roman_a superstition_n and_o that_o grand_a impostor_n can_v never_o corrupt_a kingdom_n and_o nation_n to_o their_o destruction_n and_o the_o establishment_n of_o his_o tyranny_n until_o he_o have_v bring_v they_o to_o believe_v he_o can_v dispense_v with_o oath_n take_v by_o king_n unto_o their_o subject_n and_o by_o subject_n to_o their_o king_n nor_o impose_v so_o extravagant_a a_o error_n upon_o either_o until_o he_o have_v persuade_v they_o he_o be_v in_o the_o place_n of_o god_n it_o be_v hard_o to_o say_v how_o the_o judge_n or_o king_n council_n can_v have_v the_o same_o power_n unless_o it_o be_v upon_o the_o same_o title_n but_o we_o may_v be_v sure_o they_o may_v as_o well_o dispense_v with_o the_o whole_a oath_n as_o any_o part_n of_o it_o and_o can_v have_v no_o pretence_n unto_o either_o unless_o they_o have_v the_o key_n of_o heaven_n and_o hell_n in_o their_o keep_n it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o say_v the_o king_n as_o any_o other_o man_n may_v remit_v the_o oath_n take_v unto_o and_o for_o himself_o he_o be_v not_o a_o party_n for_o himself_o but_o in_o the_o behalf_n of_o his_o people_n and_o can_v dispose_v of_o their_o concernment_n without_o their_o consent_n which_o be_v give_v only_o in_o parliament_n the_o king_n council_n ought_v to_o remember_v they_o be_v in_o criminal_a case_n of_o council_n unto_o every_o man_n in_o the_o kingdom_n it_o be_v no_o way_n refer_v unto_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o judge_n or_o unto_o they_o whether_o that_o secrecy_n enjoin_v by_o law_n be_v profitable_a unto_o the_o king_n or_o kingdom_n they_o must_v take_v the_o law_n as_o it_o be_v and_o render_v obedience_n unto_o it_o until_o it_o be_v alter_v by_o the_o power_n that_o make_v it_o to_o this_o end_n the_o judge_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n viz._n 18_o ed._n 3._o cap._n 8._o and_o 20_o ed._n 3._o cap._n 1._o be_v swear_v to_o serve_v the_o people_n you_o shall_v serve_v our_o lord_n the_o king_n and_o his_o people_n in_o the_o office_n of_o justice_n &c_n &c_n you_o shall_v deny_v to_o no_o man_n common_a right_n by_o the_o king_n letter_n nor_o no_o other_o man_n nor_o for_o no_o other_o cause_n and_o in_o default_n thereof_o in_o any_o point_n they_o be_v to_o forfeit_v their_o body_n land_n and_o good_n this_o prove_v they_o to_o be_v the_o people_n servant_n as_o well_o as_o the_o king_n further_o by_o the_o express_a word_n of_o the_o commission_n of_o oyer_n and_o terminer_n they_o be_v require_v to_o assist_v every_o man_n that_o suffer_v injury_n and_o make_v diligent_a inquisition_n after_o all_o manner_n of_o falsehood_n deceit_n offence_n and_o wrong_v do_v to_o any_o man_n and_o thereupon_o to_o do_v justice_n according_a to_o the_o law_n so_o that_o in_o the_o whole_a proceed_n in_o order_n unto_o trial_n and_o in_o the_o trial_n themselves_o the_o thing_n principal_o intend_v which_o several_a person_n be_v several_o in_o their_o capacity_n oblige_v to_o pursue_v be_v the_o discovery_n of_o truth_n the_o witness_n be_v to_o depose_v the_o truth_n the_o whole_a truth_n and_o nothing_o but_o the_o truth_n thereupon_o the_o council_n for_o the_o king_n be_v to_o prosecute_v the_o grand_a jury_n to_o present_v and_o the_o petit_fw-fr jury_n to_o try_v these_o be_v several_a office_n but_o all_o to_o the_o same_o end_n it_o be_v not_o the_o prisoner_n but_o the_o crime_n that_o be_v to_o be_v pursue_v this_o primary_o the_o offender_n but_o by_o consequence_n and_o therefore_o such_o course_n must_v be_v take_v as_o may_v discover_v that_o and_o not_o such_o as_o may_v ensnare_v he_o when_o the_o offence_n be_v find_v the_o impartial_a letter_n of_o the_o law_n give_v the_o doom_n and_o the_o judge_n have_v no_o share_n in_o it_o but_o the_o pronounce_v of_o it_o till_o then_o the_o judge_n be_v only_o to_o preside_v and_o take_v care_n that_o every_o man_n else_o who_o be_v employ_v in_o this_o necessary_a affair_n do_v his_o duty_n according_a to_o law_n so_o that_o upon_o result_n of_o the_o whole_a transaction_n impartial_a justice_n may_v be_v do_v either_o to_o the_o acquittal_n or_o condemnation_n of_o the_o prisoner_n hereby_o it_o be_v manifest_v why_o the_o judge_n be_v oblige_v by_o oath_n to_o serve_v the_o people_n as_o well_o as_o the_o king_n and_o by_o commission_n to_o serve_v every_o one_o that_o suffer_v injury_n as_o they_o be_v to_o see_v that_o right_o be_v do_v to_o the_o king_n &_o his_o injure_v subject_n in_o discover_v of_o the_o delinquent_n so_o they_o be_v to_o be_v of_o council_n with_o the_o prisoner_n who_o the_o law_n suppose_v may_v be_v ignorant_a as_o well_o as_o innocent_a and_o therefore_o have_v provide_v that_o the_o court_n shall_v be_v of_o council_n for_o he_o and_o as_o well_o inform_v he_o of_o what_o legal_a advantage_n the_o law_n allow_v he_o as_o to_o resolve_v any_o point_n of_o law_n when_o he_o shall_v propose_v it_o to_o they_o and_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v upon_o the_o presumption_n of_o this_o steady_a impartiality_n in_o the_o judge_n thus_o oblige_v by_o all_o that_o be_v hold_v sacred_a before_o god_n and_o man_n to_o be_v unbiased_a that_o the_o prisoner_n have_v no_o council_n for_o if_o the_o court_n faithful_o perform_v their_o duty_n the_o accuse_v can_v have_v no_o wrong_n or_o hardship_n and_o therefore_o need_v no_o adviser_n now_o suppose_v a_o man_n perfect_o innocent_a and_o in_o some_o measure_n know_v in_o the_o law_n shall_v be_v accuse_v of_o treason_n or_o felony_n if_o the_o judge_n shall_v deny_v unto_o the_o grand_a jury_n the_o liberty_n of_o examine_v any_o witness_n except_o in_o open_a court_n where_o nothing_o shall_v be_v offer_v that_o may_v help_v to_o clear_v the_o prisoner_n but_o every_o thing_n aggravate_v that_o give_v colour_n for_o the_o accusation_n such_o person_n only_o produce_v as_o the_o king_n council_n or_o the_o prosecutor_n shall_v think_v fit_a to_o call_v of_o who_o credit_n also_o the_o jury_n must_v not_o inquire_v but_o shall_v be_v control_v and_o browbeaten_a in_o ask_v question_n of_o such_o unknown_a witness_n for_o their_o own_o satisfaction_n if_o they_o have_v any_o tendency_n to_o discover_v the_o infamy_n of_o these_o witness_n or_o the_o falsehood_n of_o their_o testimony_n how_o can_v innocence_n secure_v any_o man_n from_o be_v arraign_v and_o if_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o judge_n shall_v be_v as_o much_o forget_v in_o the_o further_a proceed_n upon_o the_o trial_n where_o in_o case_n of_o treason_n the_o prisoner_n shall_v have_v all_o the_o king_n council_n common_o not_o the_o most_o unlearned_a prepare_v with_o study_a speech_n and_o argument_n to_o make_v he_o black_a and_o odious_a and_o to_o strain_v all_o his_o word_n and_o to_o allege_v they_o for_o instance_n of_o his_o guilt_n if_o then_o all_o his_o private_a paper_n and_o note_n to_o help_v his_o memory_n in_o his_o plea_n and_o defence_n shall_v

can_v sure_o be_v imagine_v that_o the_o suggestion_n make_v to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n have_v no_o probability_n in_o they_o or_o that_o there_o be_v no_o colour_n cause_n or_o reason_n for_o the_o king_n to_o put_v the_o party_n to_o answer_v the_o accusation_n but_o the_o grievance_n and_o complaint_n be_v that_o the_o people_n suffer_v certain_a damage_n and_o vexation_n upon_o untrue_a and_o at_o best_a uncertain_a accusation_n and_o that_o therein_o the_o law_n be_v pervert_v by_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n take_v upon_o they_o to_o judge_v of_o the_o certainty_n or_o truth_n of_o they_o which_o of_o right_n belong_v to_o the_o grand_a jury_n only_o upon_o who_o judgement_n and_o integrity_n our_o law_n do_v whole_o rely_v for_o the_o indemnity_n of_o the_o innocent_a and_o the_o punishment_n of_o all_o such_o as_o do_v unjust_o molest_v they_o our_o law_n have_v not_o think_v fit_a so_o absolute_o to_o depend_v upon_o the_o oath_n of_o witness_n as_o to_o allow_v that_o upon_o two_o or_o ten_o man_n swear_v positive_o treason_n or_o felony_n against_o any_o man_n before_o the_o justice_n of_o peace_n or_o all_o the_o judge_n or_o before_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n that_o the_o party_n accuse_v be_v he_o either_o peer_n of_o the_o realm_n or_o commoner_n shall_v without_o further_a inquiry_n be_v thereupon_o arraign_v and_o put_v upon_o his_o trial_n for_o his_o life_n yet_o none_o can_v doubt_v but_o there_o be_v something_o of_o probability_n in_o such_o deposition_n nevertheless_o the_o law_n refer_v those_o matter_n unto_o grand_a jury_n and_o no_o man_n can_v be_v bring_v to_o trial_n until_o upon_o such_o strict_a inquiry_n as_o be_v before_o say_v the_o indictment_n be_v find_v the_o law_n be_v so_o strict_a in_o these_o inquiry_n that_o though_o the_o crime_n be_v never_o so_o notorious_a may_v if_o treason_n shall_v be_v confess_v in_o write_v under_o hand_n and_o seal_v before_o justice_n of_o peace_n secretary_n of_o state_n or_o the_o king_n and_o council_n yet_o before_o the_o party_n can_v be_v arraign_v for_o it_o the_o grand_a jury_n must_v inquire_v and_o be_v satisfy_v whether_o such_o a_o confession_n be_v clear_a and_o certain_a whether_o there_o be_v no_o collusion_n therein_o or_o the_o party_n induce_v to_o such_o confession_n by_o promise_n of_o pardon_n or_o that_o some_o pretend_a partaker_n in_o the_o crime_n may_v be_v defame_v or_o destroy_v thereby_o they_o must_v inquire_v whether_o the_o confession_n be_v not_o extort_a by_o fear_n threaten_n or_o force_n and_o whether_o the_o party_n be_v true_o compos_fw-la mentis_fw-la of_o sound_a mind_n and_o reason_n at_o that_o time_n the_o stat._n 5._o eliz._n cap._n 1._o declare_v the_o ancient_a common_a law_n concern_v the_o trust_n and_o duty_n of_o juries_n and_o enact_n that_o none_o shall_v be_v indict_v for_o assist_v aid_a comfort_a or_o abelt_a criminal_n in_o the_o treason_n therein_o make_v and_o declare_v unless_o he_o or_o they_o be_v thereof_o lawful_o accuse_v by_o such_o good_a and_o sufficient_a testimony_n or_o proof_n as_o by_o the_o jury_n by_o who_o he_o shall_v be_v indict_v shall_v be_v think_v good_a lawful_a and_o sufficient_a to_o prove_v he_o or_o they_o guilty_a of_o the_o say_a offence_n herein_o be_v declare_v the_o only_a true_a reason_n of_o indictment_n i._n e._n the_o grand_a jury_n judgement_n that_o they_o have_v such_o testimony_n as_o they_o esteem_v sufficient_a to_o prove_v the_o party_n indite_v guilty_a of_o the_o crime_n whereof_o he_o be_v accuse_v and_o whatsoever_o the_o indictment_n do_v contain_v they_o be_v to_o present_v no_o more_o or_o other_o crime_n than_o be_v prove_v to_o their_o satisfaction_n as_o upon_o oath_n they_o declare_v it_o be_v when_o they_o present_v it_o this_o exactness_n be_v not_o only_o require_v in_o the_o substance_n of_o crime_n but_o in_o the_o circumstance_n and_o any_o doubtfulness_n or_o uncertainty_n in_o they_o make_v the_o indictment_n &_o all_o proceed_n upon_o it_o by_o the_o petit_fw-fr jury_n to_o be_v insufficient_a and_o void_a and_o hold_v for_o none_o as_o appear_v by_o the_o follow_a case_n in_o young_n case_n in_o the_o lord_n cook_n report_v lib._n 4._o fol._n 40._o a_o indictment_n for_o murder_n be_v declare_v void_a for_o its_o incertainty_n because_o the_o jury_n have_v not_o lay_v certainty_n in_o what_o part_n of_o the_o body_n the_o mortal_a wound_n be_v give_v say_v only_o that_o it_o be_v about_o his_o breast_n the_o word_n be_v unam_fw-la plagam_fw-la mortalem_fw-la circiter_fw-la pectus_fw-la in_o like_a manner_n in_o vaux_n case_n cook_n rep._n lib._n 4._o fol._n 44._o he_o be_v indict_v for_o poison_v ridley_n the_o jury_n have_v not_o plain_o and_o express_o aver_v that_o ridley_n drink_v the_o poison_n though_o other_o word_n employ_v it_o and_o thereupon_o the_o indictment_n be_v judge_v insufficient_a for_o say_v the_o book_n the_o matter_n of_o a_o indictment_n ought_v to_o be_v full_a express_a and_o certain_a and_o shall_v not_o be_v maintain_v by_o argument_n or_o implication_n for_o that_o the_o indictment_n be_v find_v by_o the_o oath_n of_o the_o neighbourhood_n in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o roll_n report_v p._n 263._o smith_n and_o malls_n case_v the_o indictment_n be_v quash_v for_o incertainty_n because_o the_o jury_n have_v aver_v that_o smith_n be_v either_o a_o servant_n or_o deputy_n smith_n existens_fw-la servus_n sive_fw-la deputatus_fw-la be_v the_o word_n it_o be_v doubtless_o probable_o enough_o prove_v to_o the_o jury_n that_o he_o be_v either_o a_o deputy_n or_o servant_n but_o because_o the_o indictment_n do_v not_o absolute_o and_o certain_o aver_v his_o condition_n either_o of_o servant_n or_o deputy_n it_o be_v declare_v void_a if_o there_o be_v any_o defect_n of_o certainty_n in_o the_o grand_a jury_n verdict_n no_o proof_n or_o evidence_n to_o the_o petit_fw-fr jury_n can_v supply_v it_o so_o it_o be_v judge_v in_o write_v and_o wig_n case_n coke_n 4._o rep._n fol._n 45_o 46_o 47._o it_o be_v lay_v that_o write_v be_v kill_v at_o shipperton_n but_o do_v not_o aver_v that_o shipperton_n be_v within_o the_o verge_n though_o in_o truth_n it_o be_v and_o no_o averment_n or_o oath_n to_o the_o petit_fw-fr jury_n can_v supply_v that_o small_a faileur_fw-fr of_o certainty_n to_o support_v the_o indictment_n and_o the_o reason_n be_v render_v in_o these_o word_n viz._n the_o indictment_n be_v veredictum_fw-la id_fw-la est_fw-la dictum_fw-la veritatis_fw-la a_o verdict_n that_o be_v a_o say_n of_o truth_n and_o matter_n of_o record_n aught_o to_o contain_v the_o whole_a truth_n which_o be_v requisite_a by_o the_o law_n for_o when_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v it_o be_v the_o same_o as_o if_o it_o be_v not_o and_o every_o material_a part_n of_o the_o indictment_n ought_v to_o be_v find_v upon_o the_o oath_n if_o the_o indicter_n and_o can_v be_v supply_v by_o the_o averment_n of_o the_o party_n the_o grand_a jury_n verdict_n be_v the_o foundation_n of_o all_o judicial_a proceed_n against_o capital_a offender_n at_o the_o king_n suit_n if_o that_o fail_v in_o any_o point_n of_o certainty_n both_o conviction_n and_o acquittal_n thereupon_o be_v utter_o void_a and_o the_o proceed_n against_o both_o may_v begin_v again_o as_o if_o they_o have_v never_o be_v try_v as_o it_o appear_v in_o the_o case_n last_o cite_v fol._n 47._o now_o as_o the_o law_n require_v from_o the_o grand_a jury_n particular_a certain_a and_o precise_a affirmation_n of_o truth_n so_o it_o expect_v that_o they_o shall_v look_v for_o the_o like_a and_o accept_v of_o no_o other_o from_o such_o as_o bring_v accusation_n to_o they_o for_o no_o man_n can_v certain_o affirm_v that_o which_o be_v uncertain_o deliver_v unto_o he_o or_o which_o he_o do_v not_o firm_o believe_v the_o witness_n that_o they_o receive_v for_o good_a be_v to_o depose_v only_o absolute_a certainty_n about_o the_o fact_n commit_v that_o be_v what_o they_o have_v see_v or_o hear_v from_o the_o accuse_a party_n themselves_o not_o what_o other_o have_v tell_v they_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v suffer_v to_o make_v probable_a argument_n and_o infer_v from_o thence_o the_o guilt_n of_o the_o accuse_o their_o deposition_n ought_v to_o be_v positive_a plain_a direct_a and_o full_a the_o crime_n be_v to_o be_v swear_v without_o any_o doubtfulness_n or_o obscurity_n not_o in_o word_n qualify_v &_o limit_v to_o belief_n conception_n or_o apprehension_n this_o absolute_a certainty_n require_v in_o the_o deposition_n of_o the_o witness_n be_v one_o principal_a ground_n of_o the_o jury_n most_o rational_a assurance_n of_o the_o truth_n of_o their_o verdict_n the_o credit_n also_o of_o the_o witness_n ought_v to_o be_v free_a from_o all_o blemish_n that_o good_a and_o conscientious_a man_n may_v rational_o rely_v upon_o they_o in_o matter_n of_o so_o great_a moment_n as_o the_o blood_n