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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	great_a	king_n	people_n	5,231	5	4.6713	4	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A16279	The discription of the contrey of Aphrique the fyrst part of the worlde, with the cituation of al the countreys together, with the perticuler maners lawes, and ceremonies, of dyuers people inhabityng in the same part. Translated out of Frenche into Englyshe by Wyllyam Prat of London, the fyrst daye of the newe yere, M.CCCCC.LIIII. Rede it dylygently, marke it perfectly, reuolue it thorowly, beare it equally, beholde the auctours simplicitie, and prayse God almyghty.; Omnium gentium mores. Book 1. English	Joannes, ca. 1485-1535.; Prat, William.	1554 (1554)	STC 3196.5; ESTC S112745	45,413	174

generall discription of Aphrique Capi. vii AFrique is ended on the est part with Nilus and on the other partes with the sea And truely it is shorter thē Europa for it is stretched contrary to no part of Asia not to the sea bankes of all Europia and it is more longe then broode there as it butteth vpon the fludde it is most brode and as it procedeth frō thense euen so rysyng vp with hilles specially in the middest it goeth on croked into the west and sharpeneth it selfe easely and therfore by the way is made by lyttle and little narower and there as his end is it is most narowe For so much as is inhabited it is very frutful but for as much as the most partes of it be vnoccupied eyther couered with baren landes or els desert with the drought of heauen and of the countreys or els be vexed with manye and mischeuous kyndes of wylde beastes it is more waste then replenished with people The see wher with it is gyrded on the north syde we do cal Libicum And on the south Ethiopicum and on the west Atlant●●um And on the part that lyethe vpō libicum next drouince vnto Nilus is that which we do cal Cirenas and after that is it to whom is gyuen a name by the vocable of the hole region that is to say Aphrique The other partes the Numides and the Murrians doth holde but the Murrians are set out vnto the see Atlantium beyonde them be Nigrite and Pharusii vnto the Ethiopes for they do possesse the residue of it and the hole syde that is towardes the south euen vnto the borders of A●●a And aboue those regions whiche are weshed with the Libicum see by Libies Aegiptii and Lencothiopes and a nacion verye frequente and manyfolde called Setuli after whom the region is vacant and vnhabitable continually for a greate space And then the fyrst on the Est as we do heare say are Garamantes and after them Augila and beyond them Proglodita and last of all vpō the west Atlantes And within if ye lyke to gyue credance are suche as be scant worthy to be called men but rather halfe bestes Aegipanes and Blemie and Sa●pha●antes and Sat●ri wandrynge without houses and mancions euerywhere hath landes rather then inhabiteth them we haue manifest to you al thyngs at large aswell the nature and maners of the people of Aphrique as also the cituacion of theyr nacions and countreys And heare we wil end the discription of this fyrst part of the world geuyng the reader my trauaile aspectyng and lokyng for the fortunate sparkes of acceptacion And for mine enterprise notwithstanding my labour I craue his good worde Finis ¶ A particuler table conteynynge all the Chapiters in the fyrst boke of the discription of the countrey of Aphrique FIrst The opinion of the devines touching the original of man The false opinion of the Infidels The deuision of the worlde into iiii partes The d●scription of the countrey of Aphrique The discription of the countrey of Egypt Of penes and other people inhabytynge in Aphrique A generall discription of Aphrique ¶ A particuler table of all the notable passages in this present booke of the discription of Aphrique Capi. i. IMprimus the creation of heauen earth The creation of man The couplynge of man and wyfe The touchynge of the arke vpon the mountaynes of Armenie Cayne the fyrst begotten Abell the seconde Noyes arke holy The disparsynge of mankynde abrode in the worlde Howe Noye sent his chyldren to inhabite the partes of the earth Capitulo .ii. The worshihpynge of the sonne and moone as goddes The false perswasion of the philosophers for the creation of man Howe some phylosophers beleued that man is incorruptible some corruptible and without takynge begynnynge Capitulo .iii. The deuicion from the west is called hemispheris and hath .v. distinct zones The strayght entrynge is called fretum The spredynge abrode is called helles pōtus Capitulo .iiii. There be in Ethiope many collored people Howe the Ethiopiens take them selues fyrste procrreated of the mortalles What the figures signifieth of Milan Crocodile and locil Theyr kynges lyue after theyr lawes made Howe the kynge signifieth death to the malefactours The due honour that the Ethiopiens do attribute to theyr kynge and howe they wyshe thyr kynges disease to them selues as often as he shal be sycke The people be all naked The people lyue with herbes and rootes Meroe is the capitall towne in that tountrey Macrobiens be people in Ethiope whiche do esteme rather lether and tynne then golde Howe kynge Cambises embassadours came cheyned lyke prisoners in cheynes of golde from that countrey There groweth precious stones Aubespine is a gosebery tree Howe the people worshyp as gods the sonne and mone He is chosen kynge that can skyll best to kepe beastes These people beleue that there is an euerlastynge God And ageine say they there shuld be another mortall The Pretian or Preste Iohn is kynge and of a greate blud and hath thre score and two kinges vnder him They haue the epistles of sayncte Paule and certeyne religious houses Presthod is the chiefe and hyghest degree of dignitie The sharpe punishement for aduultrers There is dyuers kynde of language amongest them The people of Libie folowe the errour of mahomet A lake which they are wasshed in shyne lyke to oyle Maruelous byrdes as Tragopomones and Pagasi Capitulo .v. There be dumme people beyonde the Arabians haye Thebes and Abido Babilon and other great Cities in Egypt A ryuer called Nile Howe the women voyde theyr vryne agaynst a walle The vsages of the Egiptians in theyr letters The Egyptians be great Idolaters The reuerenes of the yonger to the elder The kynges of Egypt holde not theyr wylles for lawes The solitudenes and carefulnes of the kinges of Egypt to haue prudent councellers aboute them The due iustice of the kynges of Egypt The attētiuenes of the kynges to the peticions of the poore and howe they wyll heare the poores causes them selues How the people of Egypt pray for the preseruacion of theyr kynge Lawes made to auoyde Ebrietie pronkenes The obediens of the Egiptians towardes the magestrates The lamentacion of the people for the deathe of a iust kynge The distribucion of the reuenewes of the kinges landes Howe euery man lyueth accordynge to theyr vocacion The punyshement apointed for malefactours They which be chosen rulers be prudent and Wy●e A cheyne of golde signifienge veritie The sentence of the iudge pronounced The punyshement apointed for periurers The greuous punishement appointed for the paradice and mansleer The peyne for clyppers of money The lawes made for rauishers of the free woman Abstinēs is the best diet medicine for man The estate of mariage The expence the parentes is at with the child is xx d●achemes that is .x. s The punishement apointed for the phisition if the sicke patient shulde dye The feadynge of theyr sacrificial beastes is wonderfull The

frendes of the dead goeth about the streates theyr heare of theyr heades all blouddy lamentynge vntyl suche tyme as the body is vnder the ground These misfortunes gyue them occasion neyther to washe them selues to eate delicate meates or to drynke pleasaunt drynkes nor to weare sumptuous apparel They haue three sortes of tombes The fyrst be gorgious and costly The seconde be not so coostely The laste be of a lyttle value The fyrst doth cost a tallant of syluer The second .xx. mines the thyrde a lytle or no certein somme but at somtyme more and lesse They whiche make the funerals haue it by patremoni That is after theyr fathers death the sone make the sepulchers and he wrytethe all the expenses and charges that it myght cost After that the pryce is made with him The corps is gyuen him to burye for the price agreed of before They whiche haue the charge to open enbalme the body be called Saleurs and be had in honour and reputacion for that the priestes accompany theim to the temple The officers be roūd about the coffin and corps and one amongest them doth take all the intrelles out of the belly except that which belong to the raynes of the backe the which once plucked forth be gyuen to an other to wasshe in wyne of Phenice together with other swete odours This done they do annoint the body fyrst with ointment of Cedre and after with other precious oyntmentes continually for the space of xxx dayes and to do couer it ouer with myrre and sinamonde and orher spices to the entēt the body might be kept longe and to smel notwithstandyng swet After that they haue thus ordered the body it is deliuered to the parentes A man lokynge vpon it shal not wel deserue whther it is a dead body or one a sleape for that al the partes as the face shoulders handes be hoole Before the burienge of the deade the parentes shall declare to the iudges and to the frendes of the deade the daye of buryenge sayenge that the bodye shall passe the sea The iudges to the nōbre of .xl. beynge redy to accompany the corps he which is appointed to kepe the shyppe shal brynge her to the shore to New Rigge and apparel her Moreouer before the body is put into the tombe it is permitted euery one to accuse the dead yf he had ben founde to haue commited any euyll The iudges gyue sentence that he shal be denied the sepulcher If he had ben falsely accused the accuser shuld be greuously punished but if no man could come and accuse hym the parentes ende mournynge and begin to recite the prayse of the deade without makynge mencion of his genelogie as the Grekes dyd the Egiptiēs take them selues one lyke to an other in bludde and nobilitie First they wil rehearse howe he hathe passed his youth led his life and the good doctryne that he learned and degresseth from that repetynge the notable actes done in his lyfe tyme and amongest all other do magnifye his goodnes towardes the gods wisdome other vertues and qualities Some children burye theyr parentes in tombes They whiche haue no sepulcher be buried in the moste strongest and thyckest wal in theyr houses within the which they reise a monument To them which occupied vsery in theyr lyfe tyme was denyed the sepulcher and weare brought backe ageyne frome the temple to theyr owne houses with out sepulcher appointed vntyl that theyr predecessors with theyr ryches chaunced to theym acquyted the debities of the deade the same payd he shal honorably be buried Also they haue this custome to deleuer in gage to the creditoure the deade body of the debitoure The man which had his kynsman denied the sepulcher and wyll not redeme him shall runne into great infamie and sklaunder In so muche that if the son bye not out the fafather he shall after his death also be denyed of the honoure of the sepulcher Not withoue iuste cause manye people wyll meruayl what they ment to ordeyne make those lawes for affayres of the lyuynge And also to be so curious to doo that which myght rebound to the honour of the dead It is manifest to vs the feruēt zeale and loue they beare to the lyfe of man whiche woulde haue brought gladlye the same by such examples clere and without spot Truely the Greekes who by the fables of poetes haue passed in verite and truth hath written of the fauorynge and cherishing of the good and tormentyng of the euyll To cause men lead a verteus and sincere lyfe they thought they coulde not sufficient nor trauayle to much In lykewyse the Egiptiens as wel by fables as also by ernest and lawful attribuciō of praise exalted the good and tormented the euyll And therby they brynge or rather compell men daylye to do thynges profitable for the healthe and saluacion of this lyfe that in so much we may se howe eche one accordynge to theyr desertes and to the qualitie of theyr crymes receaued that which they merited and deserued so that at the laste they were ruled and became vertuous Wherefore we can not but iudge these lawes to be good which prouoke men to a desyre to atteyn wisdome and vertue and to flye couetousnes and that moste abhominable vseries What do we christians meane to alow that for good which the Infidels esteme for euyll and abhorre it What reproche is it for vs to occupy so many kynde of vseryes to pyll and to polle the poore the vserer to sell a commoditie for one hundrethe poundes that scante is valued at twenty poūdes Alas alas I can not but lament to heare dyuers yonge gentylmen crye out vpon these vserers and also yonge marchaunt men whiche haue morgaged theyr landes and layde their marchandyse in paune For if they misse but one day of payment or that theyr mony is not redy at the prescripted tyme but come a daye or .ii. after they wyll not receyue it but sue the rygur of the law straight way extende they the statute of esstaple as they call it with a processe serued then enter they vpō the house londes goods and al thrust out him his wyfe chyldren and famyly Yea so cruel be these vserers that albeit for thre hundreth poundes of money lente they haue .vii. hunereth poundes with the intrest for a yere wel payd them eyther of the gentylmennes landes or poore yonge marchauntes goodes yet they wyll not gyue one peny backe agein so wretched be they though they gayne the halfe and that there shulde remayne a small somme or rest and fynde not so muche in the house then shal the debitours body be comitted to prison there to abyde vntyl ful satisfaction be made This haue I sene practised within this xiiii months who be they which haue occupied these vseryes and shewed this extremitie but such as htah professed moost of all godlynes and yafned them selues holly I speake this by no perticuler man but as general griefe moueth me

realme which hath purchased him selfe perpetuall honour and prayse as well for his conuenient hospitalitie as for preferrynge of his seruauntes whose doyenge be notable a clere myrrour for all the reste of nobles to beholde trustyng your lordship wyl folow his steppes and lay his actes before your eyes as a glasse to loke in so in doenge I knowe god wyl as he hath al redy cause the people to loue you gyue you long lyfe with prosperous successe and your fatall ende honorable I shall not neade my good Lorde to be tedious in rehersing of many of these exāples for that I know your singuler wysdome hath atteined to a farder knowledge of them then I am able to declare or shew but to the entente that other maye therby be admonished so by councell may folowe the steppes which leade them to vertue and goodnes I haue enterprised honorable lord to translate into Englyshe Aphrique Asie and Europia the .iii. parts of the worlde and for asmuche as the hole volume is great and hauyng smal tyme and leysure granted to me wolde be loth notwithstandyng this fyrst part shulde be hindred in the impression thought it good not onely to dedicate this to your Lordshyp but also for the fruite I perceaue in the hole worke to th ende that the reader shulde sauour the residue haue therfore both set forth the hole table a prologe trustynge that he wyll couet the other two partes And bycause I owe to my lorde of Darbie for his many and manyfold plesures done for me a great some I pretend in one part of payment to presente to him the discription of Asie or Lacie the seconde parte beynge also greatly in daunger to my good mistres Clarentius for her sondrye trauayles for me haue appoynted the last part of Europia to her mystreship These two laste with expediciō I wyl endeuour my selfe to end In the meane season I shal most humbly beseche your Lordeshyp to accept this in good worthe and the faultes therein do impute to ignorans partely for want of tyme besydes al this to consyder my pore estate longe tyme absent absent from my studies and the beginnyng of my enterpryses being the first that euer I translated out of the frenche tonge and to my simple iudgemēt the obscuritie of the sentences considred neyther is the translation out of latin Italion or Spanyshe so difficile and hard as the translation of french into Englyshe To conclude in token of a Newyeres gyft I do here exhibit vnto your Lordship this discriptiō of Aphrique A gyft I graunt not so gret as is owed nor so good as is wyshed as before I sayde yet where office and loue oweth much and wyll wolde paye all thoughe power drawethe backe not able to discharge either loues dette or acquite all that wyll wolde yet by the vewe of any reasonable iudge the yelde of th one and the bente of thother ought with the creditour to supply the thyrdes defect The cause occurrynge lyke in me be it lawfull to vse such a shyft not onely to excuse my small habilitie exhibytynge so small tribute of so much as is owed and wylled but also to grate at your Lordeshyps handes notwithstandynge acceptacion therof as of a sufficiēt monumente of loues dette and token of wylles wyshe how so euer malyngne power shall temper the same in the vtteraune● Thus I cōmende your Lordeshyppe to God The prologue to the Readar HAuynge had oportunitie and tyme graunted me haue bestowed the houres of leysure in accumulating the fassyons mooste worthy of memory together with the pertyculer obseruacyons and lawes of dyuerse people in sorte that the fathers of hystories hath most amplie writen of As Herodote Diodore Sicilien Berose Strabo Solin Troge Pōpeie Ptolomie Pline Cornele Tacite Dēnis Aphriqueni Pompenemele Caesar Iosephe and of the auctours in our age and tyme as Vincent Aeneas Silutus which sins had the name of pope Pie the seconde Antonie Sabellique Iohn Nanclere Ambros Capelin and Nicolas Perot in their cornucopies and manye other excellent Auctours I haue made a lyttle abridgement or abstract not in hope of any lucour or particuler profite but prouoked to do this onely do require fauour of the people hauynge had the true and free leysure to imploye togethers with the fruitefull ioye and delectacion whiche I haue noted in the whole worke by me encerprised And yf thou wylt vnderstand O gentyl reder the histories and be desirus of the knowledge of them whiche I haue gathered together aswell the newe and fresh as also the ancient examples both good and euil seruynge to this purpose to the ende that they maye presente vnto the thinges vertuous and of honor as euill and vitious thou mayste folowe those thynges which leade to vertue and require discretion to shonne that which doth entende to reproche and fylthynes therein thou shalt se the magnificens and felicitie of the mortall men now lyuynge and also the poore and simple lyfe of them whiche came fyrste vpon yearch syns the creacion of man vntyl the flud of Noe. Againe mani other worlds after the said flud In somuch the humaine creatures were disparced thorowe the hole earth and lyued without doynge any traficke or marchaundyse one with an other or vsynge of money currant from man to man in sorte that they coulde not exell one an other in good dedes All thynges were equally deuyded amongest them that they had neither more nor lesse then the heuens the earth together with the waters commen so that they were not couetous of any honoure or ryches hauynge that contented them selues to pase theyr lyfe in playne fielde vncouered or vnder the shadow of some tree or coueryng of an house with one or many women and the whole lynage without al feare and solicitude onely contentyng them selues with the thinges which the earth brought forth with the mylke of the beastes and for theyr drynke water sufficed Fyrst for theyr apparel toke the large leaues of trees but a lyttel after the world began to inuent the wayes to cloth theim with the skinnes of bestes one lyke vnto the other Man created was so lyttle carefull to be in suertye that he did not passe or desyre to be loked vp in walled Cities or in for treses made with stronge rampers but wandred and strayed abrode lyke other beastes and had no certeine place to take his rest but beinge in the fielde rested hym To whom when that the night approched was in greate tranquylytie without feare of theues or robbers yet at the last beinge compelled to do the contrary by such lyke chaunces by succession of tyme that the worlde might encrease and multiplye whiche the enuey and dyuersitie of their wiles was the cause of the varietie and chaunge of the humayne inclinations agayne without the industry and labour of man the fruites whiche came from the earth was not sufficient to norishe them that lyued then prouoked them to exercyse one with an other and by the aboue sayde

partes of the head maye not hurt thē by this meanes they say theyr chyldren are more healthfull and theyr persons in better disposicion The maner of theyr sacrifyce be these that after they haue cut the eare of a shepe they present it in signe of thankes geuen for the fyrst frutes they haue euery yere They do cast the sayde eare vppon the couerynge of theyr house that done they do wry theyr shepes neckes They do no other sacrifices but vnto the son and mone They bury the dead as the Greekes except the Nasamoniens when they perceaue that one amongest theim is at the point of deathe beynge in his bed doth lyft him vp and maketh him to sit vpryght for feare that he shulde yelde vp the ghost lieng in his bed vpon his backe their tabernacles be buylded and gorgigiously made set vpon great trees after suche a sorte that they wyll turne with euery wynde The Maxiens do weare theyr heare on the ryght syde and shaue away all on the left they do peynt theyr bodies with red and they say it commeth from the Troyens The women of Zabiques be other people endynge to the Maxiens And they do conducte theyr husbande cartes whe● they go a warfare The zigante● be other people of that naciō They haue a great quantitie of hony bees that the men by theyr industri knoweth wel howe to kepe and norish them so that they multiply gretly in so much there is so greate abundance that the people be fedde onely ther with The people be also peinted red All the nacions of the countrey of Libie do lyue a very strange and wylde lyfe The mooste part of the day tyme in the somer they goo vnder some shadowe so that there is no diuersitie betwene theim and beastes they make no prouision for that they lacke And for theyr aparel they vse gotes skynnes The moost myghtiest amongest theym haue no cities subiecte vnder them but lytle towares al about the waters syde In the which they put al their necessaries and that whiche they haue gathered be layde in the sayde towers Euery yere they do a kynde of obediens to theyr subiectes and by that they shewe theym selues to be frendes to the good and parcecutoures of the rebellions as theues and robbers of coūtreys Theyr weapons in warre be proper agreable both for theyr maner and nature for that they are lyght of bodye and the countrey plaine for the most part therof they vse no swordes nor daggers nor no lyke weapons yet they cary with them iii. dartes and a quantitie of stones which they gather and put into a lether buget They be furnished with such wepons both for the assautynge and retyryng backe that they do hurt greately theyr enemies by that so longe exercyse they make thē selues parfet They holde no feyth to strangers The Troglodites whom the Grekes cal herdmē or shepherds because they kepe cattel be people in Ethiope of this same region whiche thorowe out all countreys appointed theym selues a kynge They haue theyr women and chyldren common except the kyng which hath his wife and chyldren a part As sone as the quene his wyfe is come to see hym The kynge with all magnificence dothe presente to her a nomber of cattel As longe as the wyndes of Ethesiens do last to the dogge dayes There doth fal in that countrey great plenty of rayne They are fedde most comonly with the blud of beastes and mylke myngled sodden together And when that their pastures be baren because of the heate of the sonne they do seke for the maryshes They haue no wars one with an other by reason wherof they lyue lyke lordes They do kyll theyr olde mottons and those which can not kepe them selues frō maledies and disseases They do asscribe no certeyne name to none of theyr chyldren For they do thinke that the sheape and the bulles be theyr fathers and mothers why because from those bestes they haue theyr dayly noryture The commō people do vse to drinke the iuce of a tre called Aubespine The rich mē do cause to be pressed a certein kind of flower The licour whereof maketh drynke for them hauynge in a maner the tast of worse new wine They leade theyr sheape frome one place to an other for feare that the sayd sheape shold be wery to abyde styll in one countrey The peoples bodyes be all naked sauynge theyr members Whiche they couer wyth skynnes They sayd Troglodites Whō they cal Megauares do weare alwayes for theyr armour a coote of buffe with heare and al vndessed amase set wyth poyntes of Iron other do cary a bowe another halfe a pycke They do not passe to buyld Tombes and Sepulchers but insteade of a tombe they do burye the bodye of the deade with suche lyke woodde as we call splynt or barkes of trees and the bodye is wrapped therin euen from the top of the head to the soole of the fote Afterwarde they set it in some high place and couereth it with the stones they cast vpon and that doone they do laughe at the deade And after that they haue couered wyth stones they put vpon it a horne of a gote and so leauethe hym without takynge any more cōpassyon They make battell one agaynst an other not in angre or for ambytion as the Grekes were wonte to do but too gayne the commodytie of theyr pastures and fieldes Fyrste in theyr warres they caste at one an other a great nomber of stones And they vse of a custome to shut one at an other so that theyr foloweth greate blodshed These battelles be neuer ended but by the most ancient women the which be in great suertie for that no man of th one parte nor of the other wyll hurte them they do go betwene two and so do part them whiche be conflicted They which 〈◊〉 from the desert and ronne into that countrey for shadowe and do deuower the lytle wyld beastes makynge suche courses sometyme dystroye manye Ethiopiens at theyr cōmyng out of the marysshes long tyme past that nation had ben vndone by the Lyons had not dame nature for seane it and geuen them succours by her prouidence At the fyrst entrynge of the dogge dayes a great multytude of pampyllions as cater pillers do fley into this councrey beyng brought without any wynde The same swarme of lytle beastes doo neuer hurt theym whiche dwell in the marysshes whervpō as wel for mourmuring as for bythynge do constreyne the Lyons to departe To this nation of Rirophagis is ioyned the Ilophagris and Spermatophages The last named people lyue of the graynes as we cal them the accornes whiche fall from the trees in Somer The rest of the tyme they gather certeyne kynde of herbes groynge in theyr orchardes wherof they lyue in tyme of hungre But the Ilophagers with theyr wyfes and chyldren do go into the fyldes and do clyme vp into the trees and breketh the weakest branches they dwel so well that they maye leape