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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A12123	A treatise of the figures of grammer and rhetorike profitable for al that be studious of eloquence, and in especiall for suche as in grammer scholes doe reade moste eloquente poetes and oratours: whereunto is ioygned the oration which Cicero made to Cesar, geuing thankes vnto him for pardonyng, and restoring again of that noble ma[n] Marcus Marcellus, sette foorth by Richarde Sherrye Londonar.	Sherry, Richard, ca. 1506-ca. 1555.; Cicero, Marcus Tullius. Pro Marcello. English.	1555 (1555)	STC 22429; ESTC S117310	54,651	159

dede of Cesar For to beat the Citizens of ●…ome with roddes it was forbiddē by the lawe that Portius made For the Citizens of Rome both wer the●… fraun thisers and brought out of other countreys there to enhabite Beside this he shewed also other displeasures that Marcellus did vnto him ●…eahe added that some there wer that lay in wait to kil him But he said as touching nature I haue liued ynough and as touchyng glory too Then sodainly otherwise thē al thei loked for as touching Marcellus he said he would not denie it no not for his own sake And so he gaue hun to the Senat and to the cōmon wealth The senatours being demaunded what they thought of his iudgem●…t gaue thankes to Cesar. Cicero which had appoynted for the desyre of his old dignitie to hold his peace moued by Cesars highnes of mind and mercye and that the Senate did their duetic chaunged his purpose Therfore in this Oration he geueth greate thankes to Cesar. So is thys the argum●…t First he sheweth the cause why he had determyned for euer to hold his peace among the counsaylers and that Cesars mercy in restoryng his eitmye Marcellus was the cause why he chaunged his purpose For then Cesat gaue a signe that all shoulde be well in the common weale He dothe preferre Cesars actes before all the actes of the Emperours of the people of Rome of outward nations of moste mightie people and most ercellente kinges But he sayeth that he hath gotten muche more glorye because he hath vanquished his owne minde repressed his anger tempered his victorye which by nature is insolent and proud and because he hath restored his enmy to his old dignity In this victory so great was Cesars modesty that he shewed he had rather not to haue fought then to haue ouercome in that he restored again loued those that counsayled to peace amonge the which was Cicero If Pompey had ouercome his victorye would haue bene cruel in the victory of Cesar ther was no cruelty there was no man killed but the armed men in the fight Wherefore the immortall gods seme to haue referred al the safety of the peo●…le of Rome and of the cōmon wealth to the wisdom and mercy of Cesar seing thei haue holpē his victory He taketh awaie the suspicion of Cesar that any man should lye in wai●… to slay him but yet he counsels him to take hede He denyeth that he euer feared any suche thing to happen to Cesar but yet he sayeth the v●…certayne happes of lyfe and frailtye of mans nature to be feared He exhorteth Cesar to set vp agayne the commō wealth which through the violence of warre needes was decayed And because Cesar said he had liued long inough touching nature and glory yet sayth Cicero that for hys countrey for which he was borne he had liued but a litle which if he wil now set in order agayne the glorye of his diuine vertue shall remayn for euer He desyreth Ce●…ar to loke to his own lyfe and safetie He promiseth in his own name and in the name of the reste of the Senatours that they wyll not only watch for hym but also put their own bodies in i●…opardye to saue hym A THANKES GEVING to Caesar for the restitucion of Marcus Marcellus OF this long sylence whiche I vsed in these troublous tymes not for any feare but partly for sorowe partely for shame honourable fathers this presente daye hath made an ende and made me begin again after myne olde maner to say my wyl and mynd For so gret mekenes such mercy as neuer was heard of suche moderation where one may do al finallye suche incredible and in 〈◊〉 heauēly wisdō 〈◊〉 no wise I may passe ouer w t silēce For Marcus Marcellus ho norable fathers now restored to you to the cōmō welth I think not only his voice autoritye but mine own also to be conserued and restored agayn to you and to the cōmō wealth For I was sory honourable fathers yea very sory so noble a man being in the same quarel y ● I was not also to be in as good a case as I am neyther coulde I fynde in myne hearte nor yet thynke it laweful A Metaphore to runne in this your old rase and syt among you counsaylers the chyefe louer of my studyes and labours and as it were my felowe and company●… pulled awaye from me Wherefore Cesar bothe haste thou geuen agayne vnto me myne olde facion of Iyfe and haste sette vp to all these menne as it wer a banner of hope that all shal be A trāslatiō taken of the maner of marre wel in the common wealth For I haue perceyued in manye chiefly in my selfe and of late in all sythe thou haste restored Marcellus to the Senatours to the people and to the common wealth specyally also rehearsing the greues by hym done vnto thee that thou settest more by the reputation of this order honoure of the common wealthe then eyther by thyne own sorowes or suspicions And verely of al hys lyfe past he hath receiued the gretest fruit and most honorit is vnto him that all the Senate hath made intercessiō and that besides also by thy most graue and sage iudgement he thought to doe honour to thee and to the common wealth Wherby ve An Epipho neme to the prayse of Marcellu●… rely thou doest perceiue y t sith in recey uing the benefit it is so gret praise how much more glorious it is to the to haue geuen it In dede happy is he for whose saftie no lesse gladnes in maner cōmeth to all men then to himself And thys he wel deserueth For who is more excellent thē he in noblenes in vertue in study of the best sciences in true meaning or in any kynd of thing worthy prayse No mans wit is so great no man so h●… ble eyther to write or speake that once can declare much lesse garuish and ga●…ly set out thine actes O Cesar. Yet by thy leaue this dare I boldly say that for nothyng that euer thou diddest thou euer He cōpareth the victorie of C●…sars an g●…r to his other victories preferreth it be fore thē all gattest greater prayse the thou hast this day I am oftē wont to remembre and gladly much to speake of how that all the actes of our Emperours of forein nations of most mightye people of most noble kynges are not woorthy to be compared with thyne neither for the greatnes of the quarel neyther in number of battailes neither in diuersitie of countreys nor in spedy perfourmance nor in diuersities of fightes that no countreys were thei neuer so farre distaunt would more quickly be gone vnto on foote then thei wer made famous I wil not say with thy spedy iourneys but victories which thinges verely except I would confesse to be so great y ● scarce any mans mynd or thought wer able to comprehend them I might worth●…ly be counted witles And

Conformation But when we now and then aunswere to demaundes that he putteth vnto vs it is called Sermo cination Mimisis an imitation of speache or manours whereby we counterfayte not onelye what one sayde but his gesture also These foresayde sixe kyndes Quintilian and other put vnder Prosopopoe●…a Topographia the discription of a place as of Carthago in the fyrste of Eneidos Hyther referre Cosmographie Topothesia the faynyng of a place When a place is descrybed as paraduenture suche none is Exaumple of this is the Utopia of Spr Thomas Moore Or elles is not suche a place as it is fayned to bee As is hell and heauen in the syxte of Eneidos Hyther pertayneth the situaciō of starres in Aratus Higinius Manilius and Pontanus Chronographia the discription of tyme as of nyght in the fowerth of Eneidos Of the peace worlde in the fourth Egloge of Uirgil Of the foure ages in the fyrste of Metamorphoseos Magna pars Eloquentiae sita estin augendo ac diminuendo Omnis autem amplificatio ac diminutio petitur aut ex rebus aut ex verbis Ex verbis sic Quum commutamus vocabulum pro vero ponentesatrotias Vt si occisum dicamus eum qui cae sus tantummodo fuit Augemus per incrementum sic Facinus est vinciri ●…iuem Romanum scoelus verberari parici dium necari quid di●…am in crucem tollere Increscit oratio per Congeriem In cetu vero populi R●…ni negotium publicum gerens magister equitum frustis esculentis vinum redolentibus gremium totum tribunal implere an non turpissimum Differt a priore impetu Per comparationem quoque in●…rescit oratio Fictione et exempli collatione Fictione sic Si me fer ut isthoc pacto metuerent vt te metuunt omnes ciues tu●… domū meā mihi relīquend●… putarè Exempli collatione sic An vero vi●… ampli●…imus Scip●…o Tyberiū Gracchū mediocriter labe●…ctáté Rēppriuatus inte●…fecit Catilināorbem terrae cede incendio vastare cupi●…ntem nos cōsules pferemus Amplificamus per coniecturas sic Maro de Polyphemo Trunca manus pinum regit Hinc enim coniicimus quantae fuerit totius corporis mag nitudo eum pro scipione haberet pinum arborem Incrementum maius sumitur ex rebus quas semper comitantur circumstantiae Persona has h●… bet Nationem patriam sexum aetatem educationem habitum corporis fortunam conditionem animi natur am anteacta nomen Exempla Natio Si ꝙ eius nationis proprium estcontēnit grauius est vt Angl●…m sagittādi peritiā contēner●… culpabilius est quā Gallū Patria non sīpli●…iter auget Sed exēpli gratia de Deo sic loqui licet Voluit nasci ī ciui ●…ate longe celeberrima quo velut ī excelso theat●… positus latius sua virtute diluceret Sexus In mu li●…re turpiloqutum turpissima res est A etas Libi do senem maxime dedecet Educatio Bene a primis annis institutus fuit Nero a Seneca pinde post degenerasse grauius fuit Habitus corp●…ris Cum ●…e deus corpore pulchro crearit cur tā turpia patras Fortuna Ex obscuro factus es nobilis sic īsolescis Conditio priuat●…s es et tamen magis●…ratui r●… sistis Animi natura Cum te magnanimū crearet deus cur tā pusilla sectaris Anteacta Iā desidē esse cuius priora tā egregia fuerunt facinora dede cus est Nomē Vigilātiū ī●…e tāta dormire decebat Rerum circumstātiae hae sunt Caussa Locus Tem pus īstrumentum Caussa ad paricidium primus impul sti grauior ergo est tua culpa Locus In tem plo virginem contaminauit Tempus Carnibus iū vescebaris quando publicūfuit indictum ieiunium Instrumentum Gladio peior●… lingua serpens Euāoccidit Et haec est ꝑ circūstantias amplificatio A great part of Eloquence standeth by increasing and diminishing And all amplification is taken either of thinges or woordes by wordes thus When we chaunge the very woorde and in stede thereof put a bygger say Thou hast killed him where peraduenture he gaue hym but a fewe stripes An other kynde of Amplification is ●…hen oure woordes increase one bygger then other thus It is offence to bynde a Citezin of Rome haynous-to beate hym manslaughter to kyll hym What shall I cal it to hang hym We amplify also by heapyng thinges faste together In the companye of the people of Rome hauyng a common office Mayster of the horse there to caste vp thy stynkyng gobbettes and to fyl●… thy lappe and the iudgemente seate is not this a shame This differeth frō the other because it goeth a pace and the other by steppes and distinctions We amplifye by comparison and se●… one exaumple to an other or fayne as though such thyng had happened thus If my seruauntes dyd feare me in suche wyse as all thy Citezins feare thee I would think it good to leaue my house By comparyng one exaumple to an other thus Cicero Did I pray you that noble man Scipio beyng a priuate person kyl Tiberius Gracchus which sha ked the common wealth but a litle and shal we being Cōsuls suffer Catiline y ● goeth about to wast the whole world with murther and fyer We amplify by coniecture thus Uirgil speaking of Polyphemus He helde in his hande the bodye of a pyne tree By this we coniecture what a greate body he had when he had a pine tree for his staffe A greater am●…lification of thynges Which alwaies haue their circumstances with them A person hath these Na cion countrey kinde age educatiō hauour of the body fortune condicion nature of mind forededes and names Ex amples If a man despise any thing that properlye belongeth to his nation it is more greuous as For if an English mā doe despise the feate of shooting The c●…untrey doth not alwayes cause amplification but we may say of God He would be borne in the goodliest part of the world y t as it wer in an opē playing place his might power myght shine more abrode Kind As filthy talke is a foule thing in a womā Age. Lechery becōmeth not an old man Educatiō ●…ero 〈◊〉 his first yeres was wel brought vp it wastherfore y e more shame to 〈◊〉 afterwardes The hauior of the bodi Sith god hath made the a faire psonage why dooest thou so filthily Fortune Thou art of low degree becū a noble mā the worse is now thy pride Cōdiciō Thou art a priuate man darest thou resist the magistrates The nature of the mind God hath created y e of an high noble heart why thē fekest thon for so small trifles Fordedes Now to be a sluggard which be fore hast done so goodly actes is a 〈◊〉 shame Name To slepe in so gret a mat ter to be named waker was this 〈◊〉 The circūstances of thinges be these Cause place time instrument Cause Thou wast the first that moued to this murther

sermonis temperatum quod admodum vicinum sit tenui grandi atque ita 〈◊〉 in neutro excellat sed vtriusque sit par ticeps v●…l potius expers cum neque hoc neque illud haebeat sed interiectam moderationem persequatur atque temperië Idque vno tenore vt aiunt in dicendo fluit nihil preter facultatem afferens aequalitatem omnemque orationem ornamētis modicis cum verborum tum s●…ntentiarum distin guens Vtitur eo Cicero in oratione pro lege Manilia pro Aulo Cecinna pro Marco Marcello 〈◊〉 ximeque in Libris Ofsiciorum In hoc ●…itiosum est peruenire ad cōfine genus eius quod fluctuans dissolutum appeliant eo quod sine neruis articulis fluctuet huc illuc nec possit confirmare nec viriliter sese expedire id est huiusmodi Socij nostri cum belliger are nobiscum vell●…t 〈◊〉 ratiocinati essent etiam atque etiam quid possent facere siquidem sua sponte facerent non habe rent hic auditores multos malos homines audaces solent enim diu cogitare omnes qui mag na negotia volunt agere Non potest ●…smodi ser mo tenere attentum auditorem Difflluit enim to tus neque quiequam comprehendens perfectis verbis amplectitur Of the three kyndes of stile or endighting Now y t we haue shewed the 〈◊〉 and figures of garnishing eloquntiō it is our office duety to shew in what kindes al oratorie ought to be For that there be thre sundry kindes called of the Grekes Characters of vs figures in which euery oration not fawtie is occupied I trowe there is no man meanely learned but he knoweth namelye when we se so many writers of sciences both Grecians Latines which haue bene before time to haue folowed for the most part sūdry kindes of writing one vnlike the other And there hath been marked inespeciall three kindes of endighting The great the smal and the meane The great kind The great the noble the mighty the ful kind of endighting with an incredible and a certein diuine power of oratiō is vsed in 〈◊〉 causes for it hath with an ample 〈◊〉 very garnyshed wordes proper translated and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 tences which are handled in amplificatiō 〈◊〉 and it hath crornati 〈◊〉 both of woordes and sētēces wher vnto in orations they ascribe very gret strength and grauitie And thei that vse this kind be vehemēt various copious graue wel and throughly appointed to moue and turne men to their purpose This kinde dyd Cicero vse in the orati on for Aulus Cluencius for Sylla for Titus Annius Milo for Caius 〈◊〉 agaynst Catiline against Uerres against Piso but they that cannot skyll of this oftentimes fal into fautes when vnto thē y t semeth a graue oratiō which swelleth and is puffed vp which vseth straūge words hardly trāslated or that be to old and that be now long sythens lefte of from vse of daylye talke or more graue then the thyng requireth The small kinde The small kynde of endightyng is in a subtile pressed and fyled oration mete for causes that bee a litle sharper then are in the common vse of speaking For it is a kynde of oration that is lette dowue euen to the moste vsed custome of pure and cleare speakyng It hath fyne sentences subtilo sharpe teachyng all thynges and makyng them more playn not more ample And in this same kind as Cicero saieth in his oratour some be crafty but vnpo lished and of purpose like the rude and vnskilful Other in y t leanes are trim that is mery cōceited florishing also a litle garnished Cicero vsed this kind in his philosophical disputacions in the oration for 〈◊〉 for Roscius the comedie player and Terence and Plau tus in their Comedies Such as cannot handsomly vse themselfes in that mery conceited slendernes of wordes fal into a drye feble kind of oration which may be called aweake and feble writīg thus He came to the balenes after he said vnto him This thy seruant strake me I will consider After that he chode and cryed more and more manye beyng present The meane kind The meane and temperate kind of in●… standeth of the lower and yet not of the lowest and most cōmō words and sentences And it is rightly called y e temperate kind of speaking because it is very nigh vnto the smal and to the gret 〈◊〉 folowing a moderation and temper betwixt them both And it foloweth as you would say in one tenor distinguishing all the oration with smal ornamentes both of wordes and sētences Cicero vseth this for the law of Manilius for Aulus Cecinna for Marcus Marcellus and most of al in his bokes of Offices In this is fawtye to come to the kind that is nie vnto it called dissolute because it waueth hyther thyther as it wer without synewes and iointes stāding surely in no point And suche an Oration cannot cause the hearer to take anye hede whē it goeth in and out cōprehendeth not any thyng with perfecte woordes FINIS THE ARGVMENT OF the oration for Marcus Marcellus GNeius Pompeius being ouercome in y e bataile at Phar salia of those men that toke his part some 〈◊〉 into Afrike to the armye of Juba and Actius to renewe the bataile againe as dyd Scipio and Cato other thiking thēselfes ouercome fought no more as did Marcus Cicero some kept a meane as dyd Marcus Marcellus one that had be●…e cōsull and a singuler wise man whiche alwaies did much distrust y e victory of Pōpey The gret multitude for his gret singuler vertues loued this man and therfore desyred y ● he should be restored But y e inuin●…ible stomake of his would not be restored by Cefar into his coūtry because he would not se at Rome those thinges that greued his hert Cieero be cause he was his familier and frend euen of a child did oftentimes exhort him to geue place to the time obey necessi which is alwaies the point of a wise mā●…is brother Caius Marcellus moste hartily praied him that he would come cōtinually praied Cesar for to saue his brother In the Senate Cesar being presēt whē Lucius Piso made mētion of Marcus Marcellns whē his brother Caius Marcellus had cast hīself at the fete of Cesar al the Senate rose vp toge ther lowly came to Cesar to pardon Marcus Marcellus Then made Cesar an oration in the Senate in the which oration he accused the bitternes of Marcus Marcellus that when he warred in Gallia thē Marcus Marcelius being cō sul called him thefe and that he wēt in hand with the coūsel that Cesar should be iudged an enmy of his coūtrey o●…les he would put of his armour that Mar ●…us Marcellus also did beate w e roddes the Decurian of Nouumcomū which to be fraunchised Cesar had brought to Rome to declare that this ●…ecurion was no Citezin and so to disproue the