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of_o wisdom_n for_o a_o prince_n or_o captain_n general_n to_o defer_v fight_v when_o the_o enemy_n be_v enter_v in_o his_o country_n for_o say_v he_o if_o the_o battle_n shall_v be_v lose_v through_o the_o encounter_v of_o they_o the_o country_n will_v also_o be_v in_o hazard_n to_o be_v lose_v and_o this_o may_v appear_v by_o divers_a example_n first_o turk_n the_o king_n of_o hungary_n against_o the_o turk_n the_o king_n of_o hungary_n be_v assail_v by_o the_o turk_n in_o the_o year_n 1562._o thought_n it_o better_a to_o hazard_v the_o battle_n and_o to_o fight_v with_o the_o turk_n at_o his_o arrival_n than_o to_o forbear_v and_o stand_v upon_o his_o guard_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n he_o himself_o be_v slay_v and_o a_o great_a part_n of_o his_o kingdom_n lose_v battle_n william_n the_o conqueror_n and_o henry_n the_o seven_o get_v the_o crown_n of_o england_n by_o battle_n and_o do_v not_o william_n the_o conqueror_n and_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o become_v king_n of_o 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by_o the_o fear_n they_o conceive_v of_o the_o enemy_n as_o in_o the_o little_a estimation_n they_o will_v have_v of_o their_o master_n afterward_o be_v ready_a still_o to_o enter_v into_o mutiny_n demand_v thing_n more_o bold_o than_o they_o be_v wont_a allege_v further_o that_o one_o crown_n before_o will_v do_v more_o with_o they_o than_o three_o will_v do_v after_o whosoever_o will_v read_v the_o book_n of_o the_o action_n of_o lewis_n the_o eleven_o king_n of_o france_n who_o be_v both_o a_o very_a wise_a and_o valiant_a prince_n shall_v find_v son_n lewis_n the_o eleven_o against_o charles_n the_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n son_n that_o after_o the_o great_a encounter_n between_o he_o and_o count_n charles_n the_o duke_n of_o burgundy_n son_n at_o mountleyrre_n notwithstanding_o that_o the_o conflict_n go_v so_o indifferent_a as_o neither_o side_n know_v almost_o by_o the_o space_n of_o three_o or_o four_o hour_n after_o who_o have_v the_o victory_n so_o soon_o as_o each_o party_n have_v rally_v their_o break_a troop_n etc._n etc._n have_v some_o good_a mean_n so_o to_o do_v by_o reason_n of_o a_o great_a ditch_n and_o long_a hedge_n that_o be_v between_o their_o two_o army_n where_o the_o fight_n first_o begin_v although_o the_o king_n power_n remain_v still_o great_a by_o reason_n of_o so_o many_o prince_n as_o he_o have_v assemble_v together_o yet_o then_o and_o ever_o after_o he_o determine_v no_o more_o to_o venture_v so_o great_a a_o kingdom_n as_o france_n be_v upon_o the_o uncertain_a event_n of_o a_o battle_n and_o therefore_o the_o night_n follow_v he_o dislodge_v and_o retire_v to_o corbel_n after_o which_o time_n he_o carry_v all_o his_o war_n with_o such_o a_o temporize_a course_n as_o thereby_o he_o weary_v his_o enemy_n and_o become_v a_o mighty_a prince_n make_v his_o army_n so_o great_a as_o his_o adversary_n at_o no_o time_n after_o dare_v attempt_v to_o give_v he_o battle_n although_o philip_n de_fw-fr comines_n do_v write_v that_o our_o nation_n have_v be_v wonderful_o fortunate_a in_o battle_n and_o be_v much_o addict_v thereunto_o yet_o he_o do_v more_o allow_v of_o the_o politic_a and_o wise_a temporize_a of_o lewis_n the_o french_a king_n in_o forbear_v to_o fight_v with_o edward_n the_o four_o when_o he_o enter_v france_n proffer_v he_o battle_n near_o amiens_n four_o lewis_n against_o edward_n the_o four_o the_o king_n consider_v how_o dangerous_a a_o adventure_n it_o be_v to_o his_o estate_n if_o it_o shall_v not_o succeed_v well_o with_o he_o look_v also_o back_o to_o the_o great_a thraldom_n and_o subjection_n that_o his_o predecessor_n have_v bring_v the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n into_o under_o the_o english_a nation_n by_o such_o like_a rash_a acceptance_n of_o battle_n he_o determine_v to_o temporize_v though_o it_o be_v to_o his_o charge_n thereby_o to_o weaken_v the_o king_n of_o england_n the_o winter_n season_n draw_v then_o on_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n send_v great_a present_n to_o those_o that_o be_v near_o about_o the_o king_n and_o victual_n of_o free-gift_n to_o relieve_v his_o army_n condescend_v also_o to_o pay_v a_o yearly_a sum_n of_o 50000_o crown_n into_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n thereby_o to_o hasten_v the_o peace_n and_o to_o get_v our_o nation_n to_o return_v after_o all_o be_v conclude_v and_o the_o king_n return_v home_o one_o of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n man_n be_v with_o philip_n de_fw-fr comines_n in_o discourse_n he_o tell_v he_o he_o have_v be_v at_o the_o win_n of_o nine_o battle_n and_o how_o many_o say_v philip_n have_v you_o be_v at_o the_o lose_n only_o one_o say_v he_o and_o that_o be_v at_o the_o last_o forbearance_n of_o my_o master_n to_o fight_v with_o you_o at_o amiens_n whereby_o we_o have_v get_v more_o shame_n unto_o ourselves_o than_o honour_n by_o the_o first_o nine_o when_o lewis_n the_o king_n hear_v of_o this_o speech_n he_o say_v this_o be_v a_o shrewd_a boy_n and_o send_v for_o he_o to_o dine_v with_o he_o and_o after_o give_v he_o 1000_o crown_n with_o other_o great_a promise_n to_o the_o intent_n he_o shall_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o entertain_v the_o peace_n begin_v between_o the_o two_o king_n what_o success_n have_v the_o french_a at_o the_o battle_n at_o poytiers_n and_o cressey_n cressey_n the_o battle_n of_o poytiers_n and_o cressey_n who_o although_o they_o be_v in_o number_n far_o great_a than_o the_o english_a and_o in_o the_o heart_n of_o their_o own_o country_n yet_o they_o taste_v nothing_o but_o the_o bitter_a effect_n of_o a_o lose_a field_n and_o we_o by_o other_o such_o manifold_a example_n may_v be_v warn_v not_o to_o commit_v the_o good_a estate_n of_o a_o realm_n to_o so_o tickle_a and_o dangerous_a a_o trial_n as_o be_v the_o uncertain_a sway_n of_o a_o battle_n 88_o spanish_a fleet_n defeat_v 88_o and_o now_o never_o to_o
dalmatia_n albania_n and_o the_o neighbour_a country_n by_o henry_n ruse_n engineer_n and_o captain_n of_o a_o foot-company_n belong_v to_o the_o city_n of_o amsterdam_n translate_v out_o of_o the_o low-dutch-copy_n by_o his_o majesty_n command_n in_o the_o savoy_n print_v by_o the_o assign_v of_o john_n bill_n and_o christopher_n barker_n printer_n to_o the_o king_n most_o excellent_a majesty_n 1668._o the_o strengthen_v of_o stronghold_n invent_v on_o several_a occasion_n and_o practise_v in_o the_o late_a war_n as_o well_o in_o holland_n as_o in_o france_n germany_n italy_n dalmatia_n albania_n and_o the_o neighbour_a country_n by_o henry_n ruse._n after_o i_o have_v thorough_o consider_v the_o best_a method_n of_o fortification_n practise_v in_o the_o country_n before_o mention_v i_o find_v that_o none_o of_o they_o have_v make_v better_o use_v of_o situation_n as_o to_o the_o artificial_a part_n than_o the_o unite_a province_n forasmuch_o as_o they_o have_v not_o only_o very_o well_o design_v and_o contrive_v their_o fortress_n but_o have_v also_o place_v they_o so_o advantageous_o that_o by_o the_o overflow_a of_o water_n which_o they_o can_v by_o the_o open_n of_o sluice_n let_v in_o or_o out_o as_o they_o please_v they_o have_v render_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o work_v impregnable_a i_o do_v not_o say_v but_o that_o in_o other_o country_n be_v also_o find_v very_o sufficient_a fortress_n and_o well_o contrive_v but_o there_o have_v be_v a_o necessity_n in_o these_o province_n where_o they_o have_v have_v to_o deal_v with_o so_o potent_a a_o enemy_n to_o use_v great_a caution_n and_o circumspection_n then_o elsewhere_o and_o to_o make_v choice_n of_o the_o best_a fortification_n and_o yet_o with_o no_o great_a charge_n be_v make_v of_o earth_n only_o which_o of_o all_o material_n i_o hold_v to_o be_v the_o best_a for_o this_o purpose_n whereas_o in_o other_o country_n especial_o in_o italy_n they_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o outside_n of_o their_o work_n ought_v to_o be_v altogether_o of_o stone_n and_o afterward_o cut_v or_o pare_v which_o can_v be_v do_v without_o excessive_a charge_n and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o all_o their_o endeavour_n they_o have_v not_o be_v able_a so_o to_o contrive_v their_o stronghold_n but_o that_o the_o best_a of_o they_o if_o accessible_a be_v take_v in_o a_o short_a time_n be_v hardly_o tenable_a for_o three_o month_n to_o the_o astonishment_n of_o the_o world_n as_o example_n do_v abundant_o testify_v this_o have_v be_v the_o cause_n why_o many_o military_a architect_n have_v try_v all_o way_n and_o mean_n to_o supply_v those_o defect_n of_o which_o i_o have_v see_v many_o conceit_n but_o in_o my_o judgement_n altogether_o impracticable_a which_o have_v encourage_v i_o to_o improve_v my_o own_o observation_n in_o all_o occurrence_n and_o earnest_o to_o mind_v each_o part_n of_o the_o fortification_n of_o what_o use_v it_o may_v be_v and_o whether_o it_o be_v able_a to_o perform_v that_o for_o which_o it_o be_v ordain_v and_o intend_v and_o have_v discover_v very_o many_o error_n especial_o in_o the_o modern_a flanque_n and_o outwork_n i_o do_v debate_v my_o observation_n very_o particulary_a with_o many_o engineer_n of_o the_o great_a practice_n and_o renown_n but_o never_o meet_v with_o any_o who_o judgement_n i_o so_o well_o approve_v as_o that_o of_o a_o certain_a noble_a italian_a who_o have_v have_v several_a employment_n as_o well_o in_o germany_n and_o the_o low-countries_n as_o likewise_o in_o the_o french_a war_n have_v careful_o improve_v all_o opportunity_n and_o advantage_n of_o gain_v knowledge_n and_o experience_n with_o this_o gentleman_n i_o therefore_o make_v a_o particular_a acquaintance_n and_o friendship_n and_o we_o do_v mutual_o communicate_v and_o compare_v together_o our_o observation_n till_o such_o time_n as_o we_o have_v find_v out_o and_o agree_v upon_o such_o a_o method_n as_o seem_v to_o we_o to_o be_v of_o all_o other_o the_o safe_a and_o yet_o practicable_a with_o the_o least_o expense_n according_a to_o which_o method_n almost_o all_o considerable_a fortification_n may_v without_o difficulty_n be_v redress_v the_o truth_n be_v this_o method_n be_v something_o near_o that_o which_o shall_v hereafter_o be_v discourse_v of_o for_o have_v look_v yet_o more_o narrow_o into_o this_o matter_n and_o examine_v it_o with_o great_a diligence_n and_o curiosity_n i_o do_v only_o as_o i_o find_v cause_n alter_v something_o of_o that_o our_o first_o design_n i_o do_v not_o here_o undertake_v to_o make_v accessible_a place_n impregnable_a since_o all_o that_o be_v make_v by_o man_n may_v by_o man_n be_v again_o destroy_v for_o the_o attacques_n be_v carry_v on_o upon_o a_o sure_a foot_n and_o the_o approach_n be_v manage_v with_o skill_n and_o judgement_n if_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n no_o relief_n come_v even_o the_o strong_a place_n must_v at_o length_n yield_v up_o to_o the_o besieger_n my_o intention_n be_v only_o so_o to_o contrive_v work_n that_o they_o may_v resist_v much_o long_o then_o ordinary_o they_o do_v that_o so_o the_o besieger_n may_v be_v waste_v and_o consume_v either_o by_o ill_a weather_n or_o some_o other_o accident_n for_o by_o lengthen_v of_o time_n opportunity_n be_v give_v to_o the_o besiege_a to_o get_v relief_n or_o in_o the_o mean_a while_n to_o attaque_fw-la some_o other_o place_n in_o the_o enemy_n custody_n and_o so_o to_o make_v he_o quit_v his_o design_n which_o will_v be_v a_o sufficient_a recompense_n for_o the_o pain_n and_o charge_n which_o i_o conceive_v to_o be_v but_o little_o more_o than_o ordinary_a in_o case_n the_o work_n be_v manage_v by_o a_o experience_a artist_n as_o will_v sufficient_o appear_v by_o what_o hereafter_o follow_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n i_o shall_v propound_v some_o general_a rule_n or_o principle_n of_o fortification_n approve_v and_o own_a by_o many_o skilful_a captain_n and_o engineer_n the_o maxim_n or_o general_a rule_n which_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o modern_a fortification_n 1._o there_o aught_o to_o be_v no_o point_n of_o the_o whole_a fortification_n undiscovered_a or_o unflanque_v and_o that_o from_o several_a place_n of_o defence_n 2._o the_o line_n defend_v aught_o to_o be_v long_o than_o the_o line_n defend_v or_o at_o least_o as_o long_o 3._o a_o regular_a fortification_n be_v very_o much_o strong_a than_o a_o irregular_a 4._o the_o more_o bastion_n a_o regular_a place_n have_v the_o great_a be_v its_o strength_n and_o defence_n 5._o a_o fortress_n ought_v to_o command_v all_o place_n whatsoever_o round_o about_o 6._o those_o part_n of_o a_o fortress_n which_o be_v near_a to_o the_o centre_n aught_o to_o command_v those_o that_o be_v more_o remote_a 7._o those_o part_n of_o a_o fortification_n which_o be_v at_o great_a distance_n from_o the_o centre_n ought_v always_o to_o be_v command_v by_o those_o that_o be_v near_a the_o centre_n 8._o the_o line_n of_o defence_n fichante_fw-fr ought_v not_o to_o be_v much_o long_a than_o 60_o rod_n that_o be_v the_o distance_n ordinary_o allow_v for_o the_o port_n of_o a_o musket_n 9_o the_o large_a the_o flanque_n and_o gorges_n be_v the_o better_a and_o strong_a they_o be_v provide_v the_o other_o part_n be_v not_o prejudice_v thereby_o 10._o of_o second_o flanque_n and_o courtine-flanques_a the_o large_a be_v the_o better_a in_o case_n it_o cause_v no_o disproportion_n in_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o fortification_n 11._o as_o for_o the_o n1_fw-la stringens_fw-la or_o line_n of_o defence_n secant_fw-la which_o be_v continue_v from_o the_o face_n to_o the_o courtine_n the_o short_a it_o be_v the_o better_a if_o the_o flanque_n be_v not_o too_o much_o lessen_v by_o it_o 12._o that_o open_v of_o the_o angle_n of_o a_o bastion_n be_v the_o best_a which_o give_v a_o right_a length_n to_o the_o flanque_n second_o flanque_n and_o gorge_n 13._o the_o angle_n of_o a_o bastion_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v less_o than_o 60_o degree_n nor_o great_a than_o a_o right_a angle_n or_o 90_o degree_n 14._o the_o angle_n of_o the_o poligone_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v less_o than_o 90_o degree_n 15._o the_o angle_n of_o the_o face_n and_o flanque_n ought_v to_o be_v at_o least_o 150_o degree_n 16._o the_o angle_n of_o the_o courtine_n and_o flanque_n ought_v to_o be_v evermore_o 90_o degree_n or_o a_o right_a angle_n 17._o the_o outward_a angle_n of_o defence_n or_o angle_n flanquant_a can_v well_o be_v too_o acute_a 18._o the_o inward_a angle_n of_o defence_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v less_o than_o 25_o degree_n 19_o the_o proportion_n between_o the_o courtine_n and_o the_o face_n ought_v to_o be_v as_o 3_o to_o 2_o or_o as_o 36_o to_o 24._o 20._o the_o face_n shall_v never_o be_v long_o than_o the_o courtine_n nor_o short_a than_o one_o half_a of_o the_o courtine_n these_o be_v the_o maxim_n and_o rule_n for_o the_o structure_n of_o most_o of_o the_o modern_a fortification_n
military_a observation_n for_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o foot_n chap._n i._o by_o way_n of_o introduction_n have_v pass_v some_o few_o collective_n to_o the_o service_n of_o the_o horse_n i_o be_v desire_v to_o do_v the_o like_a for_o the_o foot_n figure_v out_o each_o command_n or_o platform_n after_o the_o proportion_n of_o six_o in_o file_n which_o be_v according_a to_o our_o late_a mode_n of_o discipline_n there_o have_v be_v many_o book_n write_v of_o this_o military_a art_n in_o the_o exercise_n of_o the_o foot_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a but_o of_o our_o late_a writer_n i_o refer_v our_o new_a commission_v gentleman_n to_o the_o perusal_n of_o bingham_n hexham_n barrife_n and_o ward_n i_o will_v not_o have_v elton_n although_o a_o parliament_n officer_n whole_o to_o be_v lay_v aside_o for_o i_o have_v receive_v information_n of_o the_o great_a worth_n and_o part_n of_o the_o gentleman_n to_o they_o who_o experience_n have_v be_v their_o masterpiece_n i_o be_o silent_a 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and_o vanish_v last_o take_v that_o matter_n which_o rest_v in_o the_o pot_n and_o draw_v from_o thence_o a_o oil_n by_o chemical_a instrument_n proper_a to_o this_o work_n chap._n ii_o the_o preparation_n of_o the_o flower_n of_o benjamin_n take_v benjamin_n a_o certain_a quantity_n of_o ounce_n put_v it_o into_o a_o gourd_n or_o a_o limbeck_n glass_n and_o close_o it_o well_o with_o a_o blind_a head_n as_o they_o call_v it_o then_o have_v in_o readiness_n a_o earthen_a vessel_n set_v it_o upon_o a_o tresfoot_o or_o for_o the_o more_o certainty_n upon_o a_o small_a furnace_n place_v it_o in_o your_o glass_n body_n and_o compass_v it_o well_o about_o with_o fine_a sand_n or_o ash_n so_o high_a as_o the_o matter_n be_v in_o the_o glass_n after_o make_v a_o moderate_a fire_n under_o it_o for_o fear_v the_o limbeck_n heat_n too_o soon_o and_o be_v too_o hot_a for_o that_o will_v make_v the_o flower_n become_v citrine_n or_o yellow_a when_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v as_o white_a as_o snow_n 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to_o reduce_v camphire_n into_o powder_n to_o make_v it_o useful_a in_o artificial_a firework_n if_o a_o man_n crumble_v it_o and_o beat_v it_o gentle_o roll_v it_o with_o sulphur_n the_o oil_n of_o camphire_n which_o serve_v also_o for_o the_o same_o effect_n be_v make_v by_o add_v a_o little_a of_o oil_n of_o sweet_a almond_n and_o stir_v they_o well_o together_o in_o a_o brass_n morter_n and_o pestle_n of_o the_o same_o metal_n until_o all_o be_v convert_v into_o oil_n of_o a_o greenish_a colour_n or_o a_o man_n may_v put_v it_o into_o a_o glass_n viol._n which_o must_v be_v close_o stop_v provide_v also_o that_o the_o camphire_n be_v true_a and_o natural_a and_o not_o a_o cheat_n then_o put_v that_o glass_n into_o a_o warm_a furnace_n and_o draw_v it_o out_o when_o you_o shall_v see_v all_o the_o camphire_n turn_v into_o a_o pure_a clear_a oil_n which_o will_v burn_v with_o a_o admirable_a vivacity_n chap._n iv_o water_n of_o salarmoniac_a take_v salarmoniac_a 3_o ounce_n salt-peter_n 1_o ounce_n reduce_v they_o into_o a_o most_o subtle_a powder_n and_o mix_v they_o well_o together_o after_o put_v they_o into_o a_o limbeck_n and_o then_o pour_v on_o they_o some_o of_o the_o best_a and_o strong_a vinegar_n you_o may_v distil_v the_o same_o into_o a_o water_n with_o a_o small_a fire_n chap._n v._o of_o a_o certain_a artificial_a water_n which_o will_v burn_v upon_o the_o palm_n of_o your_o hand_n without_o do_v any_o harm_n take_v oleum_fw-la petroli_fw-la and_o of_o terebinthi_n and_o of_o calx_fw-la vive_fw-la of_o mutton_n fat_a and_o of_o hog_n lard_n of_o each_o equal_a part_n beat_v they_o well_o together_o until_o they_o be_v well_o incorporate_v then_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v distil_v in_o warm_a ash_n or_o upon_o burn_a coal_n and_o you_o shall_v draw_v from_o thence_o a_o excellent_a oil_n chap._n vi_o to_o prepare_v fire-spunge_n take_v of_o the_o old_a and_o great_a toad-stool_n which_o grow_v at_o the_o root_n of_o ash_n oak_n birch_n and_o 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fire_n make_v cord_n of_o tow_n hemp_n or_o cotton_n which_o you_o please_v of_o two_o or_o three_o twist_n not_o make_v too_o hard_o put_v they_o in_o a_o new_a earthen_a pot_n vernish_v pour_v upon_o they_o vinegar_n make_v of_o good_a white_a wine_n four_o part_n of_o urine_n two_o part_n of_o aqua_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la one_o part_n of_o salt_n peter_n purify_v one_o part_n of_o cannon_n powder_n reduce_v to_o meal_n one_o part_n make_v all_o these_o ingredient_n boil_v together_o upon_o a_o great_a fire_n to_o the_o consumption_n of_o all_o the_o liquor_n then_o spread_v upon_o a_o great_a smooth_a plank_n or_o board_n the_o meal_n or_o flower_n of_o the_o most_o excellent_a powder_n that_o you_o can_v get_v have_v draw_v your_o match_n out_o of_o the_o pot_n roll_n they_o in_o the_o powder_n and_o then_o dry_v they_o in_o the_o shade_n or_o sun_n for_o it_o matter_n not_o which_o and_o the_o cord_n or_o match_n that_o be_v thus_o prepare_v will_v burn_v very_o quick_a francis_n 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