Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	great_a	king_n	part_n	3,340	5	4.2304	3	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A36945	Arcana aulica, or, Walsingham's manual of prudential maxims for the states-man and the courtier; Traicté de la cour. Part 2. English	Refuge, Eustache de, d. 1617.; Walsingham, Francis, Sir, 1530?-1590.; Walsingham, Edward, d. 1663.	1652 (1652)	Wing D2683; ESTC R15739	68,004	176

Covetousness as it appeareth in the example of Zotirus once the favorite of Heliogabalus and also of Turinus who scarce worse then Zotirus yet more unhappy was commanded to be stifled to death with smoke by Alexander the son of Mammea the Executioner crying out Let him perish with smoke who sold smoke He was wont to brag That the Prince was governed by his advices and so by intruding upon the Princes retirements and with impertinent senceless whispers in publique pretending to favor was sought unto by very many and gathered together great riches through the bribes and presents of those to whom all his interest in the Prince could not avail a straw The Arrogance of Plancianus is also worthy of memory which being accompanied with great vanity broke out at last into open perfidy His arrogance was such That he did not stick to contend with Bassianus the Emperors Son who was Author both of his Dignity and Fortune and he was withal so vain that as he passed through the City he would not onely interdict all access unto him but also would not suffer them to behold him his Ushers going before still to cleer the streets of all that they could see Becoming a Traytor at last against his Prince and convicted of his Treason he was Beheaded In France during the time of Philip le Bell Enguerrandus Marigny daring to contest personally with Charls de Valoy what misery he did pull upon himself and his friends may be observed in the French Histories Above all things we must take heed That we give not our selves in Court to sowing of strife between Princes and great men for they becoming friends do for the most part sacrifice such unto their friendship of which though the stories of all Nations are full yet the Bavarian History furnishes us with one example very memorable of Otho Crondoferus who flourishing with Rodulphus the Palatine in singular favor was the Author of great emnities between this Prince and his Mother for a time but the Mother afterwards reconciling her self unto her son Crondoferus had his Eyes and Tongue pull'd out CHAP. 23. How we must not onely take care to preserve the Princes Favor but also that of those in Power about him IT is not enough that the Princes themselves be not averse unto us but we must also keep our selves aright with those that are in favor with them Germanicus at his death gave that advice to Agrippina his Wife of which Tacitus Annal. 2. speaks thus Then turning to his Wife he intreated her by his memory and for their Children sake which were common to them both That she would pull down her stomach and submit her great heart to the rage of Fortune lest returning to the City she should with emulation of her greatness stir up against her persons more powerful then her self Agrippina's neglect of this document ruined her and her children I told you before how much Eumenes his favor was diminished with Alexander after that railing against Hephaestion he carried himself irreverently towards the Prince and discovered his spleen and envy to him that he accused Wherefore when we see any one in the Princes favor we must carefully weigh his Authority and compare it as it were in a ballance against our own that we may know certainly which weighs down the other And in the tryal of this we are not so much to observe outward appearances as the circumstances of inward causes Craterus and Hephaestion for a time did flourish both of them in great and equal favor with Alexander until Alexander himself determined the business in calling one of them The Kings friend and the other Alexanders friend Out of which decision Craterus might have made this judgement That since Princes for the most part are more in love with their own wills then their Authority they also are held more dear unto them who rather adore and worship Alexander that is their Person then their Fortune and Kingly Dignity And though that afterward upon a strife that arose between him and Hephaestion when all the Court was divided into factions Alexander seemed to incline to neither side but chiding them both heavily threatned punishment if ever they should harp upon that string again yet his maner of dealing with them shewed rather his singular Prudence to be imitated by all Princes then his equal affection to them both He apprehended that this discord might produce great tumults and mischief For he knew both Craterus his great interest in the Macedonians and how much Hephaestion was envied for his favor to him Therefore to diminish Hephaestions envy he reprehended him publikely and to avoid giving offence to the Macedonians he reproved Craterus in private Amongst those that in this tryal and examen of the Princes favor between themselves and others were out of negligence and discretion most grosly mistaken Antonius Primus ought to have the first place who daring to contend with Mutianus learnt at last That he had better have contested with Vespasian himself And in this maner you will finde it is a thing witnessed by the examples of all Courts To vindicate more sharply an injury against the Favorites then against the Prince himself Dio tells us the reason of it when he had recounted how the same thing happened to Sejanus thus As those whom vertue and consciousness of their own deserts hath lifted up to dignities do not much stick upon the vain Ceremonies and outward Circumstances of Honor So on the contrary side those who seek to ●limb by Ambition Pride and Vice thereby to hide their unworthiness and meanness do presently take ill and understand as a contempt the least neglect of Ceremony and respect towards them Insomuch that it is harder to preserve the friendship of these men then of the Prince himself for he thinks it a glorious and Princely act to forgive injuries When these lest they should seem to remit that which they cannot revenge even to ostentation do use their borrowed power in persecuting those that have offended them CHAP. 24. Pride even in the meanest persons at Court noted with examples as also Treachery in betraying the Princes secrets NEither truly hath it been destruction to great ones onely to have carried themselves insolently and amiss but also to men of the lower stage John King of Arragon loved Alvarez de Luna so much that he trusted him with all his Affairs and even his Kingly power it self notwithstanding the repining of all his Nobles But when he by reason of his prosperous Fortune fell into that pride and presumption That he caused a Nobleman who in the Kings name admonished him of his duty to be precipitated and murthered he was by the Kings command beheaded It is also an ordinary cause of shipwrack in Court when any one hath rendred either himself or the Prince hateful to the Peers or People For either the Prince is fain of his own accord to cast such a one off to rid himself of envy or

lay the Avarice and Cruelty of the man which was but too notorious before whence the injuries of this Roman growing insufferable the Franconians begin to wish for their King again and at last recal him to his Kingdom Thus this honest Franconian made good use of his flattery and by feeding him in his own vices betrayed his Masters enemies Sejanus who gaped after the Roman Empire see what arts he used After he saw that Tiberius who by his instinct had imprisoned Agrippina and her children grew weary of the City spur'd that inclination on hoping that when the Prince was once retired the Trust and Government of the Empire should be cast upon him as indeed it came to pass so that for a time Tiberius was onely Lord of a little Island and Sejanus Emperor Perrennius also thirsting after the Empire first circumvented and made away all those that stood in his light under pretence of a conspiracy that Lucilla had contrived against Commodus and then intices the Emperor to pleasures whereby he himself might come to the managing of all things and at last attain unto the Empire The same way took Bardas Uncle to Michael Emperor of Constantinople who having taken away Theoctistus his Associate and Tutor to the young Prince contrived also his Mothers banishment perswading Michael to take the Government into his own hands whose yong years incapable of rule he soon diverted to delights and pleasure so as he gave himself wholly to these entertainments and intended nothing e●●e Bardas in the mean time fishes eagerly after the love of the people and to that end converses with good and learned men restored learning in the City and made many good Laws by which means he would doubtless have slept at last into the Imperial Throne if another had not prevented him I do not bring these examples that I may teach how Princes are to be circum●ented but that I would have Princes themselves learn hence what Prudence and Caution is necessary for them to discern and distinguish the Counsels of their Ministers and cheifly that they may beware of those who are apt to sooth them in and applaud their Lusts and Vices and learn to think well of such as will sometimes modestly adventure to express their dislikes of their excesses CHAP. 13. Of the Familiars and Servants of the Prince and the ways to win them HAving considered all things that our Courtiers was to observe in the Prince himself let us come to his Servants who by reason of the Offices they bear are continually about his person and may be useful to those that pretend at Court either by procuring them extraordinary accesses or by making seasonable mention of them or by instructing them of the ways times and occasions of doing their business There are many Princes who being private put on a quite other face then that they bear in publique and who more willingly do trust and disclose their thoughts to such of their Servants as they think faithful to them esteeming the lowness of their condition incapable of treachery or wicked practises Who does not know that Claudius was governed by his Freedmen one of which called Pallas he had so inriched That upon a time complaining of Poverty to some body he was advised to get Pallas adopt him for his Heir By this mans perswasion Claudius married Agrippina after by the help of Narcissus a freedman also he had destroyed Messalina Who can be ignorant that during the continuance of the Eastern Empire the Eunuches many times governed all if that had not been so it had been impossible for Arbetio the cheif Ruler of the Empire to have escaped with life when Verissimus accused him Borilus and Germanus two slaves by the absolute authority they had with Botoniates one of the Emperors made him an enemy to Isacius and Alexius Comnenis Yet let us suppose That the Prince does not impart his Counsels to these men they are more easily pryed into by these then any others For it cannot be that Princes always wear their Masks in private oftentimes the throng and a publike life makes him suppress and hide those affections which when he is at liberty and in private do break out Wherefore I conclude it is very necessary in Courts To think all kinde of men even the meanest useful unto you And we must believe for certain That together with their Authority and Fortune their prudence and discretion will grow up which Arrian demonstrates to Epictetus in Epaphroditus and his two slaves The one of which coming to wait upon the Emperor at his Stool and the other to have the charge of his Shoes Epaphroditus himself who had sold them not long before as unuseful sought now their Favor and praised their Prudence Fortune hath never scarce been so favorable to any one in Court as not to afford him as many enemies as friends neither hath it ever yet cast any man so low there as that he was neither able to hurt nor help another Whence it was that in the time of Tiberius as Tacitus says It was a great honor to be known to Sejanus his Door-keepers It will therefore be a wisemans part by all becoming ways to endear the Servants of the Prince whatever their condition be CHAP. 14. Four kindes of Noble Courtiers how to be handled and made use of how warily we ought to deal with inconstant Princes FRom the Princes Servants we come to the Nobles of the Court which are of sundry kindes There are some illustrious for their birth but destitute of the Princes favor others in favor with the Prince but not laden with honors a third sort that have honors and offices far exceeding their Interest and Favor and lastly Those who flourish both in Favor and great Imployments The friendship of the first of these will perhaps avail our Courtier very little who are nevertheless to be honored and respected according to their quality least though they cannot hurt you themselves by their friends and followers they should do it For in such Trains of defendancies and followers great Families are often very powerful either by reason of old benefits or reverence to their greatness or lastly since Princes mindes are mutable out of respect to the Fortune and Favor these great men may yet chance to come into with this or the succeeding Prince Archelaus King of Cappadocia to his great disadvantage did neglect to Honor and Court Tiberius when he came to Rhodes for Tiberius afterwards meditating revenge but pretending another cause called him to Rome where he perished miserably Which respect nevertheless the Historian says He omitted not out of pride but for that he was warned by some of Augustus his Favorites That whilst Cajus Caesar flourished and was sent into the East the Friendship of Tiberius seemed unsafe We must look therefore upon these great men of Fortune though not able to deserve well of us yet powerful enough to hurt us And though they be unacceptable and

him being the possessor of a dignity gaped after by all the Grandees of Spain and of Revenue scarce inferior to those of the Crown But yet as this maner of proceeding is in the East of our fortunes an antidote against envy so it little avails those who have once already carried themselves insolently and proudly for the moderation of these men is still looked upon as counterfeit Of which thing the Constantinopolitan History affords us an example in a Metropolitan called Constantine who being banished from the Courts both of Isacius Angelius and Alexius the Emperors returned afterwards with the Empress Euphrosine pretending a great aversion from business and a Courtiers life to the end he might be the more credited and sought unto the more eagerly he took orders upon him In short he carried his business so craftily That the Emperor himself causing him to be absolved from the oath of Priesthood called him to Court and trusted him with the management of his greatest affairs Who presently not content with his own advancement introduced his two Brothers to wait upon the Emperor and as it were to stand Centinels for him if at any time his business called him away But because his former prosperity had discovered the insolence of his nature every body feared him still although he now made show of great temper and moderation which was the cause that he was again supplanted and removed from Court without ever being restored more CHAP. 20. Of Emulation the Sister of Envy and the remedies of it THe same remedies that are good against Envy prevail also against Emulation which hath less malignity in it truly then Envy hath but more of Ambition and the treachery of self-concernments But these Competitors of ours are to be stroked with a a certain specious respect and ceremonious veneration which will powerfully divert these kinde of humors especially if we feed their hopes with higher thigns then those we aim at and seem to contribute our Votes and assistance to them on the other side vilifying that which we seek for as below them to stoop unto and fitter for our selves whose merits as they are less so our pretences ought not to be so high If we fear that they will smell our drift we are to hol● them in suspence and seem to discourse the case with Arguments on both sides yet giving the greatest weight to those which we intend should divert their ambitions But the surest and best course of all is to conceal if it be possible what we aim after till it be out o● the power of our Enemies or Competitors 〈◊〉 hinder us A too great eagerness in our pretences i● sometime odious even to those that would if it were more modest contribute thei● assistance to us pulling with it besides othe● greater inconveniencies upon us as if we succeed more envy and if we fail a great●● disgrace It is much more safe as I said eve● now to hide our designs and as Rowers do● turn our backs upon the place we are goin● unto Those that look after the greate●●Commands have taken this way nothin● hath been more usual unto them then afte● the example Agamemnon in Euripides to express a greater desire of rest and retirement then of honor or imployment And many have found this a singular remedy to divert the wiles of those that would oppose them and to escape the disgrace which attends those fierce pretenders nay they have had hereby the glory to have it often thought That this honor or imployment was cast upon them meerly for their merits and not obtained by begging or buying of voices as it too often falls out Last of all in our pretences we must take heed that we clash with no rival that is greater or more powerful in Friends and Dependants then our selves In this case we must imitate Marcus Lepidus a man in Tacitus his opinion of great wisdom who being drawn as it were into the Senate by Tiberius to stand with Junius Blaesus Sejanus his Uncle whether of them should be chosen Pr●consul of Africk pretended presently against himself want of health the tender years of most of his Children and the marriage of a Daughter that he was to take care of fearing doubtlesly to make Sejanus his Enemy if he carried away the Province from Blaesus Neither must we obstinately contend with him whom some great man is about to advance although the Law favor us against him for without doubt Favor weighs down the Law as Tacitus instances in Germanicus and Drusus creating Haterius Agrippa Praetor notwithstanding the express contradiction of a Law But let the Historian speak himself There arose a dispute of substituting a Praetor in the place of Vipsanius Gallus lately dead Germanicus and Drusus favored Haterius Agrippa Germanicus his Kinsman others on the contrary side did contend That the number of Children should carry it according to the Law Tiberius was glad to see his Sons and the Laws of the Senate clash together without doubt the Law was overcome but yet not easily nor by many voices By which means when they were in their greatest vigor they were wont to be overborn CHAP. 21. How to avoid a threatening ruine and when it is upon us how to make the best use of it Examples of the fall of great men HItherto we have observed the principal precepts that are to be observed by our Courtier if any want every rational mans for such onely we intend to instruct Prudence and Dexterity will supply it Now because these kinde of Rules are no less necessary for the preserving our Greatness and Fortune in the Court then for the gaining of it it will not be impertinent to have by us the examples of some of those that have faln from their power and greatness to the end we may grow wise by other mens mischances and learn if not to avoid a ruine at least to arm and prepare our selves for it For this latter is almost as necessary as the first since the indeavors of those that seek to escape their approaching misfortunes are for the most part vain whilst he that prepares himself for it long before makes that fall which few or none of them can avoid that fortune hath lifted up on high to be much more gentle and easie then otherwise it would These falls happen unto us either through our own faults through the arts and contrivance of our Enemies or through the perverseness of the Princes nature or perhaps his death Since the lives of all men are obnoxious to faults and full of errors and failings it is so especially with those that are on high who by reason of their greatness are out of the lists of reprehension all that are about them being compelled to approve of whatever they do be it well or ill Amongst all which faults the foulest they are incident unto is A treacherous turning against their Prince who is the Author of their Dignity and Power A crime marked out with the

must be in appearance private and if they should stand behinde the door they did apprehend some noise or other accident of suspition might discover them wherefore between the Seeling and the Roof the three Senators in a place no less unseemly then the Treachery was detestable hid themselves laying their ears close to the holes and chinks to listen what was said In the mean time Latiani having found Sabinus in the Market place as if he had some new matter to tell him inticeth him home into his chamber beginning there to rip up things past and present in a great aboundance and to load him with new feares Sabinus was not behinde hand with him the nature of greifs being such that when once we enter into them we can hardly make an end This done they began immediately their accusation and writ unto Caesar the whole contrivance of their own lewd and shameful act The city was never in greater perplexity and fear then at that time every man estranging himself from his nearest Kinred and acquaintance avoiding all meetings and conferences as well with their Freinds as Strangers yea they grew jealous of mute and sensless things Prying into the Roofs and Walls of their houses But Tiberius requesting in his Letters that the Solemnities of the new year might be Celebrated on the Calends of January falls at last upon Sabinus charging him that he had corrupted some of his Freed-men to attempt something against his person and therefore boldly demandeth a revenge which without delay was granted Sabinus being condemned was drawn and haled away with his Garments over his head so that he being almost Throtled was heard to cry out Is this the beginnings of the new year be these the sacrifices slain in Sejanus his honor Which way soever he did cast his Eyes they all fled that he directed his speech unto the places of Assembly and the Streets were empty some come runing back and showed themselves again afraid for that they were seen to be afraid And what days think you now were exempt from executions if amongst the sacrifices and the vows when the custome was to abstain from profane speeches Fetters and Manacles were mentioned It is beleeved Tiberius could not be ignorant of the envy he should incur for doing so but that he did it on purpose to the end the new Magistrates might open the prisons when they set open their Temples and their Altars For after that he sent Letters of thanks for that they had punished an enemy to the State CHAP. 29. Examples of other treacheries in suborned witnesses and forged Letters I Cannot avoid bringing here another example out of the same Historian Firmius Cato a Senator and one of Liboes inward freinds induced this simple yong man easily led to vanities to give credit to the Chaldeans promises the Magicians ceremonie and the interpretation of Dreams vainly putting him in mind that Pompey was his Great Grandfather Scribonia who had been Augustus his Wife his Aunt The Caesars his Cozen Germanes and that his house was full of the Statues and Monuments of his Ancestors He inticed him to Licentiousness to borrow money making himself a Companion of his Lusts and Familiarities the better to intangle him and convince with many evidences That there might be witnesses enough he also debauched such of his Servants as knew any thing of the matter Then he desires access to the Prince and by means of Flaccus Vescularius a Gentleman of Rome one of Tiberius his Familiars he discovered both the matter and the man How after this Liho was treated by Tiberius and made much of until accusations were brought against him in such aboundance that he was forced to kill himself Tacitus Annal. 2. will tell you at large to whom I had rather refer you then exceed the bounds I had proposed to my self in this Treatise Styppiota whose deceipt in supplanting Hagiotheodorita I told you of before could not avoid being circumvented himself as Sabinus the Roman was the contriver of that plot was Camaterus Logotheta who being an enemy to Styppiota accused him before the Emperor as an impostor and one that intended to betray Sicily And to the end he might give some face of truth to his Calumny he hides the Emperor in his Chamber and in his hearing begins on purpose to discourse of the affairs of Sicily At which time many things fell from the heedless Styppiota that were very displeasing unto Caesar not content with this Camaterus causes counterfeit Letters to be mingled amongst Styppiota's Papers which being searcht by the Emperors order were the cause of Styppiota's condemnation and the loss of his eyes This Story leades me to speak of another means of rendring slanders probable to wit by Counterfeiting Letters A deceit indeed that for the most part breaks out at last to the prejudice of him that uses it but nevertheless is of great power to make deep impressions of suspition in the Princes mind and to alienate his favor Which being once observed by the accused will either induce him to withdraw himself willingly from business and the Court least something worse should follow or else cast him upon such attempts and practises as will Confirm the slander Which appears by that example of Sylvanus I mentioned before The perfidy of false witnesses is no slender confirmation of slanders and this is cheifly necessary against such as are accused of Treason and Capital crimes And truly Domestick Servants as most proper so oftnest are made use of in this nature In the reign of Arcadius Eu●ropius seeking the destruction of Timasius a great Captain and a man of much authority corrupts his freind or rather his inseparable Companion Bargus to accuse him of affecting the Empire The freindship between Bargus and Timasius gave credit to the accuser all men beleeving that he would not unless the crime was most certain accuse him To this Counterfeit Letters were added to prove the Treason by which means the innocent man and his son were sent into Banishment to the Isle of Oasis from whence neither of them ever returned Caius Petronius was for his skill in pleasures preferd before Tigellinus by Nero whereupon the other out of envy accused his Rival of Scaevinus his friendship who was convicted of a Conspiracy against Nero and brought to witness it a Servant of Petronius his corrupted by him CHAP. 30. Confirmation of slanders under the coulor of a feigned friendship and the inclinations of the Prince to the accuser I Sayd before that to confirm Calumnies the affection of the Prince to the slanderer did much conduce and for this reason did Sejanus endeavoring to make the E●ip ess Livia jealous of Agrippina Germanicus his Widow choose Julius Posthumus to do it who as Tacitus affirms by reason of his Adu●●eries with Mutilia Prisca the Empresses favorite was very gracious with Livia But calumnies never succeed so easily as when they are used against one already suspected by the Prince For it is very