Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	great_a	king_n	part_n	3,340	5	4.2304	3	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A01618	The ofspring of the house of Ottomanno and officers pertaining to the greate Turkes court. Whereunto is added Bartholomeus Georgieuiz Epitome, of the customes rytes, ceremonies, and religion of the Turkes: with the miserbale affliction of those Christians, whiche liue vnder their captiuitie and bondage. In the ende also is adioyned the maner hovv Mustapha, oldest sonne of Soltan Soliman, twelfth Emperour of the Turkes, was murthered by his father, in the yere of our Lorde 1553. al Englished by Hugh Goughe.	Georgijević, Bartolomej, d. ca. 1566.; Gough, Hugh, fl. 1569.	1569 (1569)	STC 11746; ESTC S108633	51,654	186

no thing may excuse him from going vnto warre but onely sicknes And if at anye time it shall please the Turke to depriue him of that benefyte it is in his frée will and choyse But if he be not depriued it is his propre possessiō vntill death After whose interremente if the heyres of the disceased will obserue and kéepe the same couenant they are permitted to enioye it if not it is assigned vnto others If some time any of these péeres or noble doth talke with the kyng he fasteneth his eyes on y e ground not daring to beholde hys countenance ¶ Of the Bassans vvhom vve may cal councellours chancellours or rather Secretaries ALl the Bassans for the greater part are made ●nuches as it was declared vnto me when I was bonde manne of a certain ruler in Constantinople and are in greater estimatiō with the Turke then all the rest of his nobles excepting the Sangiackes and almost as manye as are aduaunced vnto that dignitie are the rauished children of christians Not one among them albeit he hathe a daughter of the Turke to wyfe as one Chrustā a Bassan had is indowed eyther with castell cytye are towne which he may chalenge by inheritance but if he be aduaūced vnto any honorable authoritie he enioyethe the same vntill his deathe or as longe as it shall please the Turke ☞ The obediēce vvhich the Turkes are cōstrained to attribute vnto their king and of his messaengers or poastes NOt one eyther of the Jenitsaries or nobles hath leaue or maye bée permitted to walke in the cytye armed or girded withe a sworde excepte it bée whē the Turke goeth out of his palaic● eyther to pray or hūte The gouernours and officers of the cytie do beare in their handes coogelles whiche if they fynde any brawlyng or doinge iniurye and offence one to an other they punishe them with the aforenamed coogelles And not one speakinge to an officer dare to looke him in the face but fallynge flatte to the earthe and kissyng his féete he spekethe vnto him his eyes fastened on the groūd And when the kynge sendeth Poastes with letters vnto the gouernours of any hys Prouinces whose horses as sonne as they are weried with iourneyng or tyred with swifte and contine wall galopinge the poast is licensed to take from them their horses what soeuer they bée whiche méete him in the waye but if in traueling he méeteth with none then he turneth towardes the cytyes or townes Cadiam whyche is to saye the iudge he goeth vnto whiche excepte he prouide him an horse is hanged before the gate of his oune house and for this cause horses are nowrished by fewe but for the greater part Asses And when that messanger or poast shall come to those vnto whome he was sent the kynges letters receyued with greate humilytie kyssed and his comaundementes with all spede possible executed he is sent awaie Then is no Prince whych dare gaine say him no one Prouince or cytye as it often chaunceth amonge vs that rebellethe and finallye not one whyche dothe not feare hym ☞ By vvhat meanes the Turkes powre is alvvaies found and hovve it maye be deminished THe turkishe Emperour equallye distributeth all his prouinces vnto the péeres of his realme but on this condition that continuallye as well in the time of peace as warre a bande of souldyers may be mainteyned by the yearely profites of that prouince his powre is not at al deminished the souldyers being slaine excepte he léese also the prouince As for an example if the Emperour of Turkeye hath now fowre hundred bandes of souldyers of the whyche a hundred is susteined by the reuenewes of Hungarye then if Hungarye shoulde be loste he léeseth also the hundred bandes of souldiers but if he forgoe no prouince and léese all the souldyers mainteyned therby he léeseth nothyng because that to succede in their places yea if he wold desire a greater number they may easelye be founde like as amonge vs ecclesiasticall liuinges and other vacant offices may quicklye finde a possessor ❧ The state of the Chazilarious THe souldiers called Chazilar are stronge and marueilouslye practised in warrelike affaires whyche at the first bickering do breake their speares vpon the aduersaries vsyng no kinde of weapons sauyng shéelde speare and gleues accordynge to oure countrymen with a helmet and coate of maile but their speres beyng broken they manfullye fyght with drawen gleaues defendynge them selues with sheildes alwais endeuoring to mischefe the handes or heades of their enemyes and lyinge in wayte with all their force to destroye them It is counted among them no prayse but an ignominyes to stryke the enemye or horse with the point of their swoorde These men put all their lyfe and safegarde vnder moderation of the goddesse Fortune called in their mother speche Hassup or Ctsutara of whom the most common prouerbe amonge them all is this Iazilan Gelur Bassina whyche in the Englyshe tounge after this maner maye bée interpreted Iazilan the writynge Bassina on the heade Gelur shall take effecte their meanyng is that what so euer the Goddesse Fortune at the daye of Natiuitye hathe writen on euerye mans heade to auoyde it it is impossible althoughe he lurketh in an in vincible castell Their worthy déedes and exploites are writen by Historiographers in vearse and rehersed by all sortes of men that the reste w t such lyke boldnes encoraged through desyre of honour and prayse may valiūtlye and with out feare assaile their enemies But for euery noble victorie atchiued by them their stipendes are doubled and therfore al the fornamed horse men ought to folowe accompanie the kyng furnished with these kynds of weapens that is to witte Jauelinges or speares gleaues dartes and iron clubbes some haue tergates other haue none and they alwayes receiue wages as well on the time of peace as warre ❀ Hovv manie orders ther be of the turkishe footemene THe first order of footemene is of the Solachlaries which are archers they vse bowes arrowes gleaues and differ by their heade garment from the Ienitzaries The second order is of the Ienitzaries they also haue wepons lyke vnto the Solachlaries howbeit for bowe and arowes they vse hargabusheares poleaxes All these gathered from amonge the christians leadynge their liues their vnder tribute taken awaye by force circumcised and brought vp in a certayne place called Tsarai doe fight moste coragiously against the christians and haue stipendes litle enoughe to liue by that is to saye some fowre fiue or sixe peces of monye called Ahtse of the whiche thrée score do make vp a Crowne and these vpon paine of lyfe may not ryde excepte they be sicke Ther are many also found to be made Ienitsaries of the Turkishe children The third order of footemene is of the Azaplares of whome the warre being ended y e wages also do cease and they are all the children of Turkes They vse a longe speare gleaue haue red heade coueringes or of some other colour made of

enquere of some Turke whether suche thinges are so in déede and then he shall bol●lye affirms that the Author hath spoken mere veretye and truthe ❀ Of their almes houses and vvhat meate is geuen vnto the pore THey haue hospitalles or almes houses called Imareth builded by the testamentes of their kinges in whyche places meate or foode is geuen vnto the poore and Pilgrimmes but diuersly at sondrye places Ther are whyche geue Rice named Pirrincts Tsocbà with flesh at an other place Bolghdaias whyche is made of wheat in steade of potage they adde bread also of a reasonable quantitye the drincke whyche they distribute is water But place is graunted vnto none ther to remaine alnyght or slepe for ther is a publike Charuatsaur●e wher frelye they are receiued to hospitalytye howbeit ther be assigned vnto them no beddes but they slepe vnder the couering of a house eyther in heye or strawe ❀ The maner of their sacryfice for vvhat cause they do it and hovv the beastes offred are vsed and distributed THey offer beastes in sacrifice but for the moste parte before vowed called Chorban as well in the turkyshe as arabiane language In the time of anye disease or perill they promise euery mane acording to his habilitie in certaine places to sacrifice eyther a Shepe or Oxe after that the vowed offringe is not burned like vnto a beast killed and layed on the aulter as the custome was amōg the Jewes but after that the beast is slaine the skinne head féete and fourthe parte of the flesh are geuen vnto the prest an other part to poore people and the thirde vnto their neigheboures The killers of the sacrifice doe make readye the other fragmentes for thē selues and their compaynons to féede one Neyther are they bound to performe the vow if they haue not bene deliuered from the possessed disease or peril For all thinges with them are done condytionallye I will geue if thou wilte graunt The lyke woorshyppinge of God is obserued amonge the Gretians Armenians and other realmes in Asia imitating yet y e christian religiō ¶ VVhat is assigned to be done by the Testamentes of the Turkes as vvell of menne as vvomen IF any of the circumcised dying entendeth to make a testament suche legacies for the most part are apointed their neigheboures and frendes called together eyther to fetche springes of water and bringe them before some Hospitall temple or drye place that is frequented be menne Haritsi moued with a godlye zeale Gsianitsi for their soules health Other bequethe their goodes to make captiues and bound menne frée But the women as thys kynde aboue all other is moste superstitious geue monye vnto souldyers for to kill a certaine number of christians They make account that by so doynge it will greatlye profite the health of their soules The kynges apoint temples and hospitalles to be builded and other of the nobility when their lotte is to dye ¶ Their ceremonies about the dead and maner of interrement IF a circuncised manne dyeth amonge them the men take care to make ready the dead corps if any of the female kind the women They washe cleane the coarse and wrappe in fresh and néet lyuen after that the same is caried vnto some place without the cytye for it is a heynous crime to burye in the temples The taper bearers monkes with light goe before the prestes folowe after syngynge by all the waye vntill they come vnto the place of interrement But if the disceased person were poore and nedye money gathered together is accustomed to be geuen vnto the religious people for their labour and trauell ¶ The building of ther sepulture called Tulbe and of the sacrifices done to the dead VPon the kynges sepulcher is builded a temple for their kinges are buryed in Cities the tumbe of riche and poore mene is about the height of an auter so that beastes can not leape vpon and defile the same They often resort thither in wepinge and murnynge and certaine infernall sacrifices layde on the monumente as bread fleshe chéese Egges milke and the banket continewinge by the space of nyne dayes accordynge to the Ethnicke custome it is al deuoured for the disceased soules sake eyther by Pismares and the birdes of heauen or poore people For they affirme that it is lyke acceptable vnto God that almes shoulde be offred to the brute beastes hauinge néede therof as vnto menne sins that it is geuen for y e loue of God I haue senne many whiche geuing the valewe in monye of one litle birde before kepte incloased haue cast of the same to flye awaye other to throwe bread into the riuer for fishes through the loue of God addinge that they for suche mercifulnes towardes the neadye shoulde receiue an abundante rewarde at goddes handes ¶ Of the Turkishe vvarrefare and first of the king and a part of his officers THey haue all one kynge and in their lāguage he that now raigneth of thē is called Huncher Othmanlardan Sahitsultan Suleiman which by interpretation is Salomon is emperour Prince of Turkeye of the Othomans descended whiche now hathe his first begotten sone of the age of thrée and twenty yeares or their about named Mustapha in crueltye and tyrannye passyng his predicessors often lying in waite for his father if he might by any meanes kille or cause him to bée slaine throughe gredie affection and desire to beare rule But in what sorte he was murthered by his Father it shalbe declared in the ende of this booke The kynge hath vnder him two chefe goue●nours or liuetenantes ouer Europe and Asia named Tsangiach Begler vnto the whiche are subiecte inferiour presidentes called Timargilar whose hestes doe certaine ordinarye souldyers obeye but if they be founde lingringe and slacke when they be called for expedition vnto war are punished with hāging Bassalar whiche they interpret heades are manye in number they for councell do alwayes accompanye the kinge Sulihtarlar also whyche are the garde of hys bodye are wont continewally to folowe immediatlye after his backe together with hys Capugtsibegler chamberlaines Iazitgtsibegler chauncellours Eminler exactours of tribute whyche is to witte of children and money Spahalar lyght harneysed horsemen a great route Vlachlaris postes ▪ or pursiuantes with other such like alwayes folowing the courte ¶ The estate of the Turkes peeres or nobilitie and of the possessione NOt one of the nobles doth possesse anye prouince or cytye by ryght title of inheritāce which after his death he maye leaue vnto his children heires or successours with out consente of the kynge But if a Prince or gouernour coueteth to haue certaine possessions it is graunted vnto him vpon this condition They enter in bargaine concernyng the Prince and reuenewes of those possessions The Turke doth know how many souldiers may yearely be mainteined by the profits of that prouince then y e Liuetenante is bounde to haue allwayes in readines for him that band of souldiers at all callinges otherwise he léeseth his head and

Merchandise is practised also very diligently amonge them They trauell into Asia the lesse whiche nowe is called Natolia Arabia and Egipte they discloase them selues euen amonge the Venetians In euery of their cytyes ther are Bathes in the whiche accordynge to their accustomed vse they washe them selues twyse or thryse If they voyde vrine their priuey member is washed if they vnlode the burthen of nature their fundament is made cleane with water the lyke is done by the women both kindes are waited vpon as the men by ther seruantes and the women by their waitinge maydes caryinge after them vesselles full of water And when they goe fourth to washe the women do anointe them selues with a certaine kynde of Oyntement whyche after the space of halfe an houre doth cause the heares to fall of the men them selues doe shaue ther priuye partes and in no wyse they suffer the heares to growe but ridde thē selues therof as wel the men as the women in euery moneth twise or thrise but chefly when they frequent the temples otherwyse as defillers of the sacred and holy place thei should be consumed with fire Ther are amonge them also diuers sortes of craftes men as bowchers shoemakers tailers goldsmithes siluersmithes and of al other kinds of metall likwise printers and masons but not of so subtile and excellent wittes as certaine ther ar amonge vs. ¶ The iustice and equitie vsed amonge Citizens ALl the christians and lykewyse the Turkes haue one iudge chosen frō among the circumcised whiche is bound to minister the law and iustice equallye vnto all estates of men If any man cōmitte murther he shall suffer deathe for the same If he steale or take any thinge by force he shalbe therfore hanged As it chaunced vnto a certaine Janitsary that had dronken vp the milke of a woman carying it to be solde in the market not payinge the price therof whiche accused before the iudge whē he had denined the facte being hanged vp by the héeles and bounde harde about the middle with a corde incontinent he vomitted vp the milke and fourthe with by iudgemente condemned to hanging This happened I beyng present at Damascus when I iorneyed from Armenia towardes Jerusalem If any temple commit adultrye the man is caste into prison and after certaine monethes redemed for monye but the adulterous womanne is caryed throughe the streates and highe wayes on an Asse scourged with whippes naked and hauyng the intralles of an Oxe hāged about her necke is stoned to death ☞ The tilling of their grounde of the graine Vines and other frutes vvhiche grovve in those countries AS well the Christians as circuncised Turkes do till the feldes mainteine pastures and plante vines hauing corne or graine like vnto this of our coūtrye as wheat Millet or Hirse barlye Oates fine wheat beanes and al kindes of pulse forthermore Rice in great plentye flaxe and silke cotten more then in our countries Both the sortes of menne aforenamed haue also in possessyon vineardes vsinge diuersly the frutes therof The Christians make wine but the Turkes a kinde of honye called in their language Pecmez thei vse and order certaine reasons in suche sorte that as well to the eye as in taste they all wayes seme freshe and new and are by them named Vzum Turssi They haue frutes ther in gret abundance At their propre seasons the Orchardes gardens and feldes are replenished and laden with Pompones Melons and cucumbers Ther are nuttes apples peares pome granates almoundes chest nuttes figges cheries plummes and other of lyke sorte for a small price to be bought but not in euerye nation For ther are places as heare and ther in Cappadocia and Armenia the lesse where throughe extreme cold not one of these ar to be had or may be gottē ¶ The state of their Shepardes vvhat heardes of beastes they fede and of the tribute vvhich is required of the Christians THer are Shepardes among the Turkes called Sobaenlar which leade ther liues contineweally in desartes chang places for freshe pasture almoste euerye moneth hauyng at all no houses or possessyons exceptyng tentes and droues of beastes They féede Camelles Mules Horses Oren Shepe Goates and make chéese butter and shere Shéepe wherof they make a kinde of garment or clokes called Ghepenech and tapestrie workinges which ar solde to bye corne for foode vnto their familie The fornamed Shepardes generally do yearly pay vnto the turkish Emperour tyethes of y e encrease of al their beastes The Christians also liuinge vnder tribute ar constrained to paie tēthes which in quantitie is to wit of euerye male beaste one crowne and whiche is moste cruell they take awaye from them by force all their sonnes hauinge no wiues makyng searche therfore in ther houses euery fifte yeare ❀ The forme of building ther houses THeir is no great magnificence bestowed vpon ther houses the greater ●art of them builded of bricke worke and ●her bricke is made after two sortes eyther they are baked in a kéele or dryed by heat of the Sunne The rowses of ther houses ioyne together wedgewise as do the buildinges of our countrye and this is obserued throughe out al Europe but in Natolia the coueringes or roufes are plain in fashion of a flowre without any ridge cundites they haue and water pipes that sende downe the rayne water vnto them whiche is conueied throughe rouled pipes ❧ The fashion of ther garmentes vvherof they are made and in vvhat sorte THeir aparaill made of the substance of wooll flare and silke is riche and magnificent enoughe the garment called Chauton they vse gardeo plaites and hangyng downe euen vnto y e shoe hēme our bréeches they abhorre obiectinge thē opprobriously vnto vs as thynges to be ashamed at Their shertes named Gumlech and Naptkins ar dyed with a violet colour ther head is builded vp with an heape of cloth in maner of a turret and gathered together at the toppe not much vnlike the fashion of a stéeple and suche a couering for their head is called in ther tonge Tulbent or Salma The wiues of riche men goe with their faces couered and neuer open their countenaunces vnto any other sauing their husbandes neither at any time frequent the market or common assemblies The shoes named Babucs or Csisme as well of the women as men haue thicke sooles that they may vse them the longer space ¶ Of their meates and foode THey vse bread most holesome called Echmech both white browne euen as the men of our countries doe but thei scater or mingle with the dooghe a certaine kinde of séede named Sussam after that it is baked which geuethe a delectable switnes vnto the eaters that bread is not vsed amonge the Christians sauinge at certaine places here and their in Spaigne as in the kingdome of Granata and about Ciuill In their foode is bestowed great conninge and diuers sortes of sauces their ordinarye meat is so muche thickened with rice ▪ that the partes therof maye be drawen a