the_o centre_n of_o the_o circle_n of_o commerce_n or_o a_o refutation_n of_o a_o treatise_n entitle_v the_o circle_n of_o commerce_n or_o the_o balance_n of_o trade_n late_o publish_v by_o e._n m._n by_o gerard_n malynes_n merchant_n magna_fw-la est_fw-la veritas_fw-la praevaluit_fw-la 〈◊〉_d semper_fw-la praevalebit_fw-la london_n print_v by_o william_n jones_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v by_o nicholas_n bourne_n at_o the_o royal_a exchange_n 1623._o regina_fw-la pecunia_fw-la loquor_fw-la haec_fw-la gaudere_fw-la facit_fw-la sapientis_fw-la nomine_fw-la stultum_fw-la &_o grave_a prudentis_fw-la munus_fw-la obire_fw-la viri_fw-la quisquis_fw-la in_o hac_fw-la non_fw-la est_fw-la sapiens_fw-la quasi_fw-la stultus_fw-la habetur_fw-la &_o quasi_fw-la quod_fw-la vacuum_n sit_fw-la ratione_fw-la caput_fw-la regnat_fw-la in_o incertis_fw-la regina_fw-la pecunia_fw-la rebus_fw-la moribus_fw-la ambiguae_fw-la quae_fw-la stat_fw-la in_o orbe_fw-la deae_fw-la to_o the_o most_o illustrious_a and_o most_o excellent_a prince_n charles_n prince_n of_o wales_n duke_n of_o cornwall_n earl_n of_o chester_n etc._n etc._n it_o may_v please_v your_o highness_n the_o oracle_n of_o apollo_n at_o delphos_n be_v demand_v why_o jupiter_n shall_v be_v the_o chief_a of_o the_o god_n since_o mars_n be_v the_o best_a soldier_n answer_v mars_n be_v valiant_a but_o jupiter_n wise_a conclude_v by_o this_o that_o council_n and_o policy_n be_v of_o more_o force_n to_o subdue_v then_o valour_n parua_fw-la sunt_fw-la arma_fw-la foris_fw-la nisi_fw-la sit_fw-la concilium_fw-la domi_fw-la say_v cicero_n but_o forasmuch_o that_o neither_o wisdom_n nor_o valour_n can_v well_o subsist_v without_o treasure_n since_o money_n have_v obtain_v the_o title_n of_o the_o sinew_n of_o war_n and_o the_o life_n of_o commerce_n i_o hope_v that_o the_o accumulate_v thereof_o may_v proper_o be_v call_v the_o praeheminent_a study_n of_o prince_n when_o the_o same_o be_v procure_v by_o trade_n which_o be_v the_o 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highness_n have_v late_o publish_v a_o opposition_n to_o the_o say_a book_n call_v the_o circle_n of_o commerce_n copious_a of_o uncivil_a speech_n whereby_o in_o respect_n of_o private_a cause_n i_o have_v great_a occasion_n to_o implore_v his_o majesty_n favour_n against_o he_o as_o homer_n do_v ptolemy_n the_o great_a king_n of_o egypt_n against_o the_o rail_a commentary_n of_o zoylus_n but_o the_o matter_n concern_v the_o public_a and_o be_v of_o far_o great_a consequence_n than_o a_o centention_n for_o learning_n i_o be_o compel_v humble_o to_o beseech_v your_o highness_n to_o intercede_v for_o i_o unto_o his_o sacred_a majesty_n to_o be_v well_o please_v to_o peruse_v this_o my_o three_o book_n entitle_v the_o centre_n of_o the_o circle_n of_o commerce_n wherein_o the_o mean_n to_o provide_v his_o kingdom_n and_o dominion_n with_o bullion_n &_o money_n be_v more_o distinct_o declare_v according_a to_o the_o say_a centre_n of_o commerce_n which_o be_v gain_n without_o which_o his_o circle_n be_v vain_a to_o make_v a_o definition_n of_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v difficult_a even_o among_o learned_a philosopher_n and_o schoolman_n consider_v aristotle_n his_o doctrine_n ground_v upon_o levity_n of_o thing_n ascend_v and_o gravity_n of_o thing_n fall_v to_o their_o centre_n and_o the_o opinion_n of_o copernicus_n or_o rather_o of_o the_o pythagorian_o ascribe_v a_o stability_n to_o the_o heaven_n and_o a_o mobility_n to_o the_o earth_n but_o to_o make_v a_o definition_n of_o this_o centre_n gain_n be_v easy_a and_o engraft_v in_o every_o man_n judgement_n this_o centre_n make_v a_o perfect_a orb_n include_v all_o geometrical_a proportion_n and_o can_v answer_v all_o mathematical_a problem_n of_o trade_n for_o the_o double_n of_o the_o cube_n of_o solid_n and_o the_o quadrature_n of_o the_o circle_n in_o plain_a without_o plato_n exposition_n or_o misseldens_n conceit_a balance_n of_o trade_n for_o all_o the_o weight_n of_o commerce_n fall_v within_o the_o circuit_n of_o the_o circle_n of_o this_o centre_n gain_n insomuch_o that_o if_o the_o due_a consideration_n hereof_o be_v neglect_v in_o the_o course_n of_o trade_n nothing_o can_v be_v expect_v but_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n and_o destruction_n of_o commonweal_n according_a to_o the_o demonstration_n of_o the_o follow_a allegory_n to_o a_o disease_a body_n natural_a so_o that_o statesman_n and_o politician_n be_v to_o bend_v their_o judgement_n in_o all_o public_a cause_n to_o this_o centre_n gain_n which_o bear_v the_o sway_n in_o all_o humane_a action_n thereby_o to_o find_v out_o all_o fallacy_n and_o misprision_n of_o trade_n to_o the_o increase_n of_o the_o kingdom_n stock_n without_o private_a regard_n of_o particular_a merchant_n make_v their_o benefit_n by_o the_o general_a loss_n of_o the_o kingdom_n there_o be_v no_o man_n so_o simple_a but_o will_v avoid_v a_o loss_n if_o he_o can_v and_o on_o the_o contrary_a procure_v a_o gain_n where_o he_o may_v or_o can_v shall_v it_o be_v imagine_v then_o that_o bullion_n &_o money_n will_v be_v import_v when_o the_o bringer_n thereof_o become_v a_o loser_n or_o that_o money_n will_v remain_v within_o the_o realm_n when_o so_o great_a a_o gain_n can_v be_v have_v by_o the_o exportation_n thereof_o or_o will_v any_o man_n think_v that_o trade_n can_v be_v drive_v convenient_o without_o money_n and_o exchange_n will_v not_o the_o want_n of_o it_o make_v a_o dead_a trade_n within_o the_o realm_n when_o this_o vital_a spirit_n of_o commerce_n fail_v sure_o it_o be_v questionless_a in_o every_o man_n understanding_n your_o highness_n therefore_o may_v be_v please_v to_o advance_v the_o establish_n of_o this_o centre_n in_o the_o course_n of_o trade_n whereby_o his_o majesty_n kingdom_n and_o dominion_n will_v flow_v with_o bullion_n and_o money_n and_o infuse_v life_n thereunto_o which_o will_v be_v feel_v by_o the_o pulse_n the_o hammer_n of_o the_o mint_n upon_o my_o life_n and_o reputation_n of_o knowledge_n which_o time_n and_o occasion_n seem_v to_o further_a by_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n incline_v thereunto_o since_o this_o treatise_n have_v be_v under_o the_o press_n if_o any_o thing_n therein_o shall_v seem_v impertinent_a to_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o centre_n i_o beseech_v your_o highness_n to_o attribute_v the_o same_o to_o the_o levity_n of_o the_o circle_n the_o rather_o because_o nugae_fw-la seria_fw-la ducunt_fw-la thus_o with_o all_o humbleness_n take_v leave_n i_o shall_v continue_v my_o fervent_a prayer_n to_o the_o almighty_a to_o preserve_v your_o highness_n in_o health_n and_o happiness_n to_o his_o glory_n and_o your_o eternal_a felicity_n london_n the_o 20._o of_o november_n 1623._o your_o highness_n most_o obedient_a servant_n gerard_n malynes_n the_o centre_n of_o the_o circle_n of_o commerce_n or_o a_o refutation_n of_o a_o treatise_n entitle_v the_o circle_n of_o commerce_n late_o publish_v by_o e._n m._n the_o proem_n strong_a imagination_n nourish_v by_o opinion_n may_v cause_v most_o man_n to_o suppose_v that_o edward_n misselden_n sâ—allenger_n sallust_n of_o sâ—allenger_n in_o who_o the_o babylon_n of_o learning_n
become_v a_o loose_a of_o so_o much_o and_o the_o kingdom_n be_v bereave_v of_o the_o other_o money_n which_o the_o amsterdammer_n cause_v to_o be_v send_v over_o unto_o he_o as_o shall_v be_v make_v plain_a in_o the_o next_o chapter_n to_o return_v to_o our_o aforesaid_a declaration_n of_o the_o undervaluation_n of_o our_o money_n country_n exchange_n at_o 358._o for_o the_o low_a unite_a country_n true_a it_o be_v that_o since_o the_o say_a proclamation_n of_o the_o state_n whereby_o our_o shilling_n be_v value_v at_o 10_o ½_n stivers_n the_o price_n of_o exchange_n be_v rise_v to_o 35_o s_o which_o some_o understand_v to_o be_v value_n for_o value_n or_o par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari_fw-la and_o other_o will_v say_v who_o know_v whether_o the_o say_v assay_n be_v true_o make_v and_o report_v according_o and_o so_o speak_v against_o our_o benefit_n i_o answer_v admit_v that_o the_o loss_n be_v but_o 6_o 1_o 9_o per_fw-la centum_fw-la for_o a_o month_n be_v this_o tolerable_a when_o by_o the_o exportation_n of_o our_o money_n there_o may_v be_v get_v above_o 73_o per_fw-la centum_fw-la by_o the_o year_n which_o be_v a_o gain_n exceed_v all_o other_o gain_n beside_o the_o loss_n of_o our_o treasure_n this_o be_v convenience_n be_v open_v to_o the_o grand_a commission_n of_o 51._o person_n of_o diverse_a quality_n and_o degree_n appoint_v for_o matter_n of_o trade_n namely_o the_o right_a honourable_a the_o lord_n vizcount_v man-devile_n trade_n the_o grand_a commission_n for_o trade_n lord_n precedent_n of_o the_o council_n the_o lord_n brooke_n sir_n john_n suckling_n knight_n comptroller_n of_o his_o majesty_n household_n sir_n julius_n caesar_n knight_n master_n of_o the_o roll_n and_o diverse_a other_o knight_n baronet_n and_o other_o it_o please_v they_o to_o send_v for_o his_o majesty_n assay-master_n master_n andrew_n palmer_n a_o man_n of_o rare_a knowledge_n and_o experience_n and_o will_v he_o to_o make_v assay_n of_o the_o principal_a foreign_a coin_n and_o to_o compare_v the_o same_o unto_o we_o by_o way_n of_o exchange_n after_o the_o rate_n of_o 35_o s._n flemish_n for_o 20_o s._n starlin_n whereupon_o he_o make_v the_o report_n here_o follow_v in_o the_o month_n of_o march_n last_o pass_v 1623._o twenty_o shilling_n english_a money_n commissioner_n master_n palmer_n report_n to_o the_o commissioner_n contain_v in_o fine_a silver_n 3_o ounce_n ten_o penny_n weight_n 23_o grain_n 4_o mite_n 12_o droict_n 7_o period_n 17_o blank_n five_o and_o thirty_o holland_n shilling_n contain_v in_o fine_a silver_n 3_o ounce_n 6_o penny_n weight_n 14_o grain_n 6_o mite_n 16_o droict_n whereby_o the_o difference_n of_o fine_a silver_n be_v 4_o penny_n weight_n 8_o grain_n 17_o mite_n 20_o droict_n every_o penny_n weight_n of_o fine_a silver_n be_v worth_a in_o our_o currant_n silver_n money_n three_o penny_n farthing_n and_o half_a a_o farthing_n full_a so_o the_o difference_n in_o value_n between_o the_o money_n above_o say_v be_v 14_o penny_n half_a penny_n and_o one_o farthing_n which_o be_v upon_o the_o hundred_o pound_n six_o pound_n three_o shilling_n every_o holland_n shilling_n contain_v in_o fine_a silver_n one_o penny_n weight_n 21_o grain_n 13_o mite_n 8_o droict_n which_o be_v in_o value_n to_o our_o silver_n money_n six_o penny_n 3_o â—_o part_n every_o holland_n stiver_n of_o the_o best_a contain_v in_o fine_a silver_n 7_o grain_n 12_o mite_n 5_o droict_n 6_o period_n 16_o blank_n which_o be_v in_o value_n two_o ounce_n one_o penny_n 1½_n mite_n every_o 5_o shilling_n english_a silver_n contain_v in_o fine_a silver_n 17_o penny_n weight_n 17_o grain_n 16_o mite_n every_o holland_n doller_n contain_v in_o fine_a silver_n 16_o penny_n weight_n 4_o grain_n 10_o mite_n the_o difference_n in_o fine_a silver_n be_v one_o penny_n weight_n 13_o grain_n 6_o mite_n which_o be_v in_o value_n starlin_n 5_o penny_n full_a every_o piece_n of_o 8_o royal_n of_o spain_n contain_v in_o fine_a silver_n 16_o penny_n weight_n one_o grain_n the_o difference_n be_v one_o penny_n weight_n 16_o grain_n 16_o mite_n and_o in_o value_n starlin_n five_o penny_n half_a penny_n full_a so_o to_o the_o difference_n of_o six_o pound_n three_o shilling_n in_o every_o hundred_o pound_n the_o 5_o upon_o the_o hundred_o add_v between_o 33_o s._n 4_o do_v and_o 35_o s._n be_v in_o totall_n 11_o l._n 3_o s_o by_o this_o calculation_n of_o assay_v thus_o it_o appear_v unto_o man_n even_o of_o the_o mean_a understanding_n that_o our_o money_n be_v undervalue_v in_o exchange_n for_o the_o low_a country_n and_o for_o hamborough_n &_o other_o place_n much_o more_o where_o the_o rickx_n doller_n be_v rise_v to_o 52_o and_o 54_o shilling_n lubish_n which_o by_o the_o precedent_n rule_v make_v the_o price_n of_o this_o positive_a exchange_n to_o be_v above_o 40_o s._n of_o they_o for_o our_o 20_o s_o which_o to_o avoid_v prolixity_n i_o leave_v to_o every_o man_n judgement_n to_o calculate_v now_o because_o we_o have_v speak_v of_o man_n of_o mean_a capacity_n money_n inconvenience_n of_o the_o underualuation_n of_o our_o money_n and_o that_o i_o do_v labour_n to_o express_v myself_o in_o the_o plain_a manner_n i_o pray_v you_o be_v there_o any_o man_n live_v that_o will_v not_o conceive_v that_o this_o exceed_o great_a gain_n have_v by_o exportation_n of_o our_o money_n will_v still_o deprive_v we_o of_o our_o treasure_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a that_o this_o great_a loss_n have_v by_o the_o importation_n of_o money_n do_v still_o debar_v we_o from_o any_o to_o be_v bring_v in_o again_o when_o great_a gain_n be_v give_v upon_o the_o spanish_a royal_n beyond_o the_o sea_n will_v not_o the_o same_o be_v divert_v from_o we_o and_o carry_v thither_o or_o if_o some_o be_v import_v upon_o occasion_n or_o by_o accident_n will_v not_o other_o man_n transport_v they_o again_o and_o so_o take_v away_o the_o life_n of_o trade_n and_o cause_v the_o vital_a spirit_n thereof_o to_o languish_v sure_o all_o man_n be_v able_a to_o understand_v this_o yet_o it_o shall_v be_v make_v more_o plain_a thus_o may_v we_o observe_v the_o disgression_n and_o inequality_n between_o the_o say_a money_n which_o can_v never_o convenient_o be_v reduct_v to_o their_o first_o price_n and_o equality_n i_o may_v likewise_o make_v instance_n of_o the_o coin_n of_o gold_n which_o be_v more_o enhance_v for_o the_o sovereign_n of_o 20_o s._n be_v now_o currant_n at_o 37_o s._n 8_o d._n flemish_n but_o the_o premise_n declare_v sufficient_o the_o undervaluation_n of_o our_o money_n in_o exchange_n both_o by_o calculation_n and_o trial_n of_o the_o subtle_a assay_v misselden_n in_o his_o former_a treatise_n misname_v free-trade_n set_v down_o 7._o p._n 7._o that_o the_o immediate_a cause_n of_o the_o want_n of_o money_n in_o england_n be_v the_o underualuation_n of_o his_o majesty_n coin_n which_o hinder_v the_o importation_n and_o cause_v the_o exportation_n of_o we_o whereupon_o he_o will_v have_v the_o king_n coin_n raise_v and_o foreign_a coin_n to_o be_v make_v currant_n at_o equal_a value_n and_o in_o his_o circle_n of_o commerce_n he_o say_v 101._o p._n 101._o that_o i_o will_v persuade_v the_o world_n that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a underualuation_n of_o our_o money_n in_o exchange_n to_o those_o of_o germany_n and_o the_o low_a country_n which_o be_v the_o main_a pillar_n to_o support_v the_o par_fw-fr and_o so_o now_o there_o be_v no_o undervaluation_n and_o thus_o with_o the_o saytre_n he_o blow_v hot_a &_o cold_a at_o one_o instant_a with_o one_o breath_n and_o withal_o he_o do_v acknowledge_v that_o if_o the_o premise_n by_o we_o declare_v be_v true_a as_o true_a and_o manifest_a they_o be_v that_o they_o be_v fearful_a effect_n and_o again_o that_o money_n be_v not_o so_o little_o enhance_v as_o 20_o in_o the_o hundred_o since_o the_o inhaunce_v begin_v which_o we_o have_v prove_v to_o be_v double_a or_o 100_o upon_o the_o hundred_o well_o in_o good_a time_n it_o be_v mistake_v to_o make_v it_o serve_v his_o turn_n he_o accuse_v i_o of_o gross_a error_n for_o that_o the_o exchange_n be_v rise_v in_o price_n according_a to_o the_o valuation_n of_o money_n which_o even_o now_o we_o have_v prove_v to_o be_v false_a and_o if_o exchange_n shall_v rise_v and_o fall_v according_o that_o be_v to_o say_v if_o money_n rise_v beyond_o the_o sea_n that_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n shall_v rise_v according_o and_o if_o money_n do_v rise_v here_o that_o then_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o exchange_n shall_v fall_v in_o price_n here_o what_o remedy_n can_v there_o be_v then_o in_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o the_o money_n when_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n will_v still_o over_o rule_v the_o same_o error_n misseldens_n error_n as_o it_o be_v a_o inhaunce_n upon_o a_o inhaunce_n between_o we_o and_o other_o country_n upon_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n
money_n be_v underualued_a in_o exchange_n whereby_o there_o arise_v a_o gain_n between_o the_o inward_a value_n of_o the_o money_n and_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n then_o be_v our_o money_n continual_o export_v into_o foreign_a part_n for_o the_o like_a gain_n can_v never_o be_v make_v by_o any_o commodity_n 2_o this_o exportation_n of_o money_n cause_v not_o only_o the_o less_o money_n to_o be_v employ_v upon_o our_o native_a commodity_n and_o return_v in_o foreign_a ware_n but_o take_v away_o also_o the_o vital_a spirit_n of_o traffic_n and_o give_v a_o great_a cause_n of_o overballance_v of_o commodity_n 3_o the_o say_a undervaluation_n of_o our_o money_n in_o exchange_n do_v the_o like_a and_o cause_v our_o native_a commodity_n to_o be_v sell_v better_o cheap_a beyond_o the_o sea_n for_o want_v of_o knowledge_n of_o the_o true_a value_n of_o our_o money_n and_o they_o even_o as_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o foreign_a coin_n beyond_o the_o sea_n cause_v the_o foreign_a ware_n to_o 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if_o by_o occasion_n or_o accident_n money_n or_o bullion_n be_v impotted_a which_o may_v be_v carry_v to_o the_o mint_n and_o the_o money_n make_v thereof_o will_v be_v deliver_v by_o exchange_n to_o our_o merchant_n and_o so_o by_o they_o employ_v upon_o our_o commodity_n if_o the_o say_a be_v high_a or_o indiffetent_a it_o fall_v out_o that_o the_o say_v money_n or_o bullion_n be_v export_v again_o by_o other_o merchant_n which_o bring_v in_o foreign_a ware_n for_o it_o for_o gain_v still_o bear_v the_o sway_n thus_o by_o buy_v foreign_a commodity_n as_o it_o be_v by_o forcible_a mean_n of_o course_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o say_a undervaluation_n of_o our_o money_n by_o exchange_n and_o sell_v our_o native_a commodity_n by_o a_o false_a measure_n of_o exchange_n to_o our_o loss_n trade_n the_o cause_n of_o overballance_v and_o decay_n of_o trade_n at_o the_o pleasure_n of_o other_o nation_n and_o by_o convert_n their_o enhanced_a coin_n into_o starlin_n money_n by_o a_o low_a exchange_n and_o the_o continual_a exportation_n of_o our_o money_n afford_v such_o great_a gain_n and_o be_v debar_v to_o bring_v in_o money_n because_o of_o the_o loss_n have_v thereby_o be_v our_o trade_n decay_v and_o will_v be_v so_o although_o there_o be_v no_o more_o ware_n in_o christendom_n for_o these_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o overballance_v whereby_o the_o realm_n be_v impoverish_v which_o shall_v be_v more_o ample_o declare_v sublata_fw-la causa_fw-la tâ—ll_fw-la itur_fw-la effectus_fw-la now_o albeit_o that_o the_o contrary_a hereof_o do_v produce_v the_o benefit_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o do_v proper_o belong_v to_o the_o remedy_n of_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o trade_n to_o be_v handle_v in_o the_o last_o chapter_n yet_o because_o it_o be_v more_o intelligible_a in_o this_o place_n let_v we_o declare_v the_o same_o benefit_n which_o will_v arise_v to_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n by_o the_o true_a valuation_n of_o our_o money_n in_o exchange_n to_o meet_v with_o the_o say_a inconvenience_n first_o trade_n mean_v to_o prevent_v the_o overballance_a of_o trade_n and_o to_o restore_v trade_n when_o the_o exchange_n do_v answer_v the_o true_a value_n of_o our_o money_n than_o there_o be_v no_o gain_n to_o be_v make_v by_o exportation_n which_o be_v prevent_v thereby_o 2_o the_o transportation_n of_o money_n be_v prevent_v will_v cause_v the_o great_a employment_n to_o be_v make_v upon_o our_o native_a commodity_n either_o by_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n or_o by_o english_a merchant_n to_o who_o the_o stranger_n will_v deliver_v his_o money_n by_o exchange_n for_o by_o the_o exportation_n he_o shall_v have_v no_o gain_n and_o therefore_o he_o will_v expect_v the_o taker_n of_o it_o by_o which_o plenty_n of_o money_n there_o will_v be_v a_o lively_a trade_n and_o the_o cause_n of_o overballance_v will_v diminsh_fw-mi 3_o the_o true_a value_n of_o our_o money_n or_o above_o be_v answer_v by_o a_o high_a exchange_n cause_v merchant_n stranger_n to_o sell_v their_o commodity_n according_a to_o the_o true_a value_n of_o the_o money_n whereby_o the_o overballance_a must_v needs_o decrease_v of_o course_n 4_o the_o undervaluation_n of_o our_o money_n and_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o foreign_a coin_n be_v meet_v withal_o and_o calculate_v in_o exchange_n cause_v money_n and_o bullion_n to_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o realm_n without_o loss_n and_o most_o time_n with_o gain_n and_o sometime_o with_o a_o little_a disadvantage_n because_o our_o merchant_n will_v rather_o than_o to_o buy_v foreign_a commodity_n dear_a have_v their_o money_n ready_a to_o be_v employ_v again_o â—_o this_o do_v also_o meet_v with_o the_o say_v over_o balance_v 5_o young_a english_a merchant_n which_o be_v taker_n of_o money_n beyond_o the_o sea_n will_v receive_v more_o by_o a_o high_a exchange_n there_o and_o find_v plenty_n of_o money_n shall_v not_o be_v drive_v to_o make_v rash_a sale_n or_o barter_n to_o their_o loss_n and_o hindrance_n of_o other_o which_o will_v also_o moderate_v the_o say_v over_o balance_v 6_o when_o the_o spanish_a merchant_n shall_v not_o be_v able_a to_o deliver_v their_o royal_n of_o 8_o or_o the_o money_n receive_v for_o they_o by_o a_o low_a exchange_n beyond_o the_o sea_n but_o according_a to_o the_o true_a value_n require_v by_o a_o just_a and_o lawful_a exchange_n then_o they_o will_v find_v no_o more_o gain_v there_o then_o here_o which_o will_v cause_v they_o to_o import_v the_o say_a royal_n here_o where_o the_o inward_a value_n will_v be_v answer_v unto_o they_o &_o the_o divert_a trade_n by_o these_o mean_n will_v return_v into_o england_n to_o employ_v the_o say_a royal_n or_o the_o money_n make_v thereof_o upon_o our_o bay_n say_v and_o other_o drapery_n which_o of_o course_n will_v qualify_v the_o say_a overballance_v 7_o thus_o money_n and_o bullion_n will_v then_o be_v import_v by_o a_o necessity_n of_o nature_n beyond_o all_o resistance_n and_o the_o dollar_n royal_n of_o 8_o and_o other_o coin_n bring_v in_o upon_o occasion_n or_o accidental_o will_v remain_v within_o the_o realm_n when_o there_o shall_v be_v no_o gain_n by_o the_o exportation_n because_o this_o true_a exchange_n rise_v and_o fall_v nevertheless_o above_o the_o value_n and_o not_o under_o will_v answer_v the_o say_a value_n and_o prevent_v that_o gain_n which_o be_v now_o procure_v in_o danger_n of_o the_o law_n adventure_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o lewd_a person_n so_o that_o by_o compare_v the_o precedent_a benefit_n with_o the_o former_a inconvenience_n comparison_n a_o application_n of_o the_o comparison_n every_o man_n of_o judgement_n may_v easy_o see_v how_o hurtful_a the_o low_a exchange_n and_o underualuation_n of_o our_o money_n be_v to_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o on_o the_o contrary_a how_o beneficial_a the_o true_a valuation_n or_o high_a exchange_n will_v be_v concur_v with_o equity_n and_o true_a policy_n whereupon_o
the_o centre_n of_o the_o circle_n of_o commerce_n be_v ground_v consider_v we_o now_o this_o centre_n gain_n in_o every_o particular_a upon_o the_o premise_n draw_v from_o the_o circumference_n all_o direct_a line_n into_o it_o and_o exclude_v all_o obloquy_n curuey_a and_o helicall_a line_n and_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o nothing_o do_v force_v trade_n but_o gain_n gaine_n have_v upon_o money_n by_o underualuation_n in_o exchange_n and_o inhaunce_v of_o foreign_a coin_n beyond_o the_o sea_n cause_v our_o money_n to_o be_v export_v gaine_n have_v upon_o money_n by_o exchange_n and_o true_a valuation_n cause_v money_n to_o be_v bring_v in_o gain_v upon_o money_n be_v take_v away_o and_o answer_v by_o true_a exchange_n keep_v money_n within_o the_o realm_n gaine_n give_v upon_o money_n import_v here_o equal_a to_o the_o gain_n make_v beyond_o the_o sea_n will_v prevent_v the_o diversion_n of_o the_o royal_n of_o 8._o gain_v more_o make_v by_o our_o money_n then_o by_o our_o commodity_n export_v cause_v less_o employment_n to_o be_v make_v upon_o our_o commodity_n and_o great_a exportation_n gaine_n make_v by_o a_o low_a exchange_n undervalue_v our_o money_n cause_v they_o to_o be_v sell_v less_o beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o foreign_a ware_n dear_a to_o overballance_v us._n gaine_n make_v upon_o our_o native_a commodity_n be_v real_o import_v by_o money_n and_o bullion_n when_o there_o be_v no_o loss_n by_o the_o importation_n of_o money_n gaine_n have_v upon_o foreign_a coin_n within_o the_o realm_n be_v prevent_v by_o the_o value_n in_o exchange_n keep_v the_o coin_n within_o the_o realm_n and_o mint_n gain_v upon_o money_n be_v great_a beyond_o the_o sea_n then_o with_o we_o in_o england_n draw_v money_n thither_o and_o hinder_v money_n to_o be_v import_v the_o want_n whereof_o make_v a_o dead_a trade_n gaine_n have_v by_o exchange_n upon_o young_a merchant_n of_o small_a mean_n spoil_v the_o vent_n of_o our_o commodity_n by_o overthrow_v the_o market_n of_o other_o gaine_n give_v by_o exchange_n of_o money_n by_o bill_n according_a to_o the_o true_a value_n or_o above_o the_o same_o cause_v foreign_a commodity_n to_o be_v sell_v better_o cheap_a within_o the_o realm_n and_o give_v a_o direction_n tacite_fw-la to_o sell_v our_o native_a commodity_n with_o more_o gain_n and_o reputation_n gaine_n procure_v by_o our_o commodity_n outward_o more_o than_o by_o foreign_a commodity_n inward_o which_o mean_v to_o import_v bullion_n and_o money_n to_o be_v do_v by_o this_o true_a valuation_n in_o exchange_n as_o aforesaid_a will_v prevent_v the_o overballance_a of_o trade_n and_o bring_v all_o thing_n in_o tune_n when_o the_o centre_n gain_n find_v rest_n in_o proprio_fw-la loco_fw-la the_o consideration_n hereof_o exclude_v all_o unjust_a unlawful_a and_o private_a gain_n make_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o realm_n by_o the_o oversight_n of_o merchant_n which_o seem_v to_o steer_v the_o helm_n when_o palynicrus_fw-la be_v sleepy_a this_o be_v that_o geometrical_a axiom_n or_o maxim_n circulus_fw-la tangit_fw-la planum_fw-la unico_fw-la puncto_fw-la heretofore_o observe_v this_o be_v proper_o the_o scope_n of_o merchant_n 104._o p._n 104._o all_o the_o mystery_n of_o personal_a and_o provincial_a exchange_n be_v comprise_v in_o this_o mystery_n which_o misselden_n will_v make_v to_o be_v no_o mystery_n and_o to_o use_v his_o own_o word_n nevertheless_o all_o the_o knowledge_n of_o commerce_n be_v present_v and_o represent_v in_o this_o history_n all_o the_o river_n of_o trade_n spring_n out_o of_o this_o source_n 142._o p._n 142._o and_o empt_v themselves_o again_o into_o this_o ocean_n all_o the_o weight_n of_o trade_n fall_v to_o this_o centre_n and_o come_v within_o the_o circuit_n of_o this_o circle_n this_o be_v that_o par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari_fw-la that_o weigh_v down_o misseldens_n balance_n of_o trade_n which_o be_v without_o a_o parallel_n which_o to_o prove_v let_v we_o now_o examine_v what_o be_v present_v and_o represent_v by_o his_o uncertain_a balance_n a_o merchant_n say_v he_o when_o he_o will_v inform_v himself_o how_o his_o estate_n stand_v 130._o p._n 130._o be_v say_v to_o take_v a_o balance_n of_o his_o estate_n wherein_o he_o collect_v and_o consider_v all_o his_o ware_n and_o money_n and_o debt_n as_o if_o he_o will_v cast_v every-thing_n into_o the_o scale_n to_o be_v try_v etc._n etc._n if_o this_o merchant_n shall_v not_o look_v to_o the_o centre_n gain_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n what_o will_v the_o take_n of_o a_o balance_n avail_v he_o or_o to_o what_o end_n and_o purpose_n will_v this_o tend_v sure_o only_a for_o a_o trial_n to_o find_v out_o whether_o he_o have_v gain_v or_o lose_v this_o be_v all_o a_o balance_n can_v do_v and_o although_o a_o merchant_n can_v in_o some_o sort_n do_v this_o it_o follow_v not_o that_o the_o royal_a merchant_n or_o a_o prince_n can_v do_v it_o albeit_o he_o be_v the_o father_n of_o the_o great_a family_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n for_o the_o cause_n of_o trade_n be_v not_o in_o his_o own_o power_n but_o merchant_n do_v manage_v the_o same_o who_o as_o have_v be_v show_v may_v procure_v their_o private_a gain_n and_o yet_o impoverish_v the_o kingdom_n so_o that_o the_o cast_v up_o of_o this_o balance_n 116._o p._n 116._o can_v never_o be_v a_o excellent_a and_o policique_fw-la invention_n to_o show_v we_o the_o difference_n of_o weight_n in_o the_o commerce_n of_o one_o kingdom_n with_o another_o unless_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o trade_n be_v wise_o direct_v and_o observe_v by_o the_o prince_n according_a to_o the_o say_a centre_n of_o commerce_n and_o not_o by_o this_o conceit_a balance_n misselden_n have_v find_v a_o ancient_a worm-eaten_a balance_n upon_o record_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v make_v in_o the_o 28_o year_n of_o edward_n the_o three_o might_n very_o well_o have_v over_o past_o the_o same_o see_v the_o imperfection_n thereof_o 30._o p._n 30._o and_o that_o he_o find_v it_o in_o that_o maniscript_n that_o he_o so_o little_a esteem_v from_o which_o as_o he_o say_v i_o have_v store_v myself_o for_o therein_o diverse_a commodity_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o lead_v tin_n butter_n cheese_n tallow_n hides_n skin_n iron_n and_o other_o staple_n wares_n be_v not_o mention_v and_o yet_o concern_v the_o say_a balance_n so_o that_o his_o comparison_n between_o those_o ancient_a 123._o p._n 123._o with_o these_o modern_a time_n be_v but_o vain_a and_o a_o superfluous_a tale_n but_o he_o delight_v iâ—_n word_n for_o want_n of_o matter_n or_o substance_n then_o he_o come_v to_o a_o positive_a constitution_n of_o the_o form_n of_o a_o balance_n in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1612_o and_o 1621._o and_o here_o lie_v the_o pot_n of_o rose_n to_o know_v whether_o the_o native_a commodity_n export_v and_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n import_v do_v balance_n or_o overballance_v one_o another_o in_o the_o scale_n of_o commerce_n 121._o p._n 121._o and_o if_o the_o native_a commodity_n export_v do_v weigh_v down_o and_o exceed_v in_o value_n the_o foreign_a commodity_n import_v 127._o p._n 127._o that_o overplus_n must_v either_o come_v in_o as_o he_o say_v in_o money_n or_o merchandise_n 117._o p._n 117._o if_o not_o in_o money_n then_o in_o merchandise_n sure_o he_o do_v not_o consider_v this_o without_o a_o nightcap_n for_o it_o deserve_v to_o be_v write_v in_o capital_a letter_n money_n will_v not_o be_v import_v so_o long_o as_o there_o be_v a_o loss_n by_o the_o bring_n in_o of_o they_o and_o if_o commodity_n be_v bring_v in_o it_o increase_v the_o say_v overballance_v as_o a_o deceptio_fw-la visus_fw-la upon_o your_o scale_n of_o commerce_n whereby_o you_o can_v discern_v the_o truth_n but_o you_o must_v of_o force_n find_v your_o balance_n false_a visus_fw-la the_o balance_n a_o deceptio_fw-la visus_fw-la and_o your_o judgement_n uncertain_a and_o herein_o be_v no_o more_o hope_n of_o a_o remedy_n than_o there_o be_v to_o overtake_v a_o man_n which_o run_v to_o the_o east_n and_o you_o pursue_v he_o towards_o the_o west_n run_v from_o he_o but_o let_v we_o come_v somewhat_o close_o to_o the_o consideration_n of_o this_o balance_n and_o suppose_v that_o by_o increase_v our_o manufacture_n by_o four_o or_o five_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n yearly_a more_o to_o be_v export_v this_o balance_n will_v be_v reform_v be_v not_o this_o like_a and_o feasible_a to_o be_v do_v i_o answer_v that_o although_o it_o be_v feasible_a to_o make_v and_o vent_v such_o a_o quantity_n of_o manufacture_n yearly_a yet_o be_v it_o not_o like_a to_o moderate_v the_o overballance_a for_o all_o man_n of_o judgement_n will_v say_v that_o the_o proceed_v or_o return_v of_o the_o say_a manufacture_n will_v come_v unto_o we_o in_o foreign_a commodity_n because_o money_n and_o bullion_n can_v be_v bring_v in_o but_o to_o loss_n as_o the_o case_n stand_v so_o that_o still_o
be_v a_o stop_n in_o the_o course_n of_o exchange_n measure_n exchange_v the_o public_a measure_n then_o either_o the_o english_a merchant_n will_v for_o bear_v to_o take_v up_o money_n by_o exchange_n or_o else_o he_o will_v lock_v to_o recover_v his_o loss_n of_o exchange_n upon_o his_o cloth_n i_o answer_v answ._n 2._o answ._n that_o give_v more_o to_o the_o merchant_n stranger_n by_o exchange_n then_o former_o the_o trade_n will_v be_v advance_v for_o the_o english_a merchant_n will_v find_v more_o money_n for_o his_o ready_a employment_n then_o before_o and_o the_o money_n will_v not_o be_v transport_v so_o that_o to_o surmise_n that_o the_o english_a merchant_n will_v forbear_v to_o take_v up_o money_n by_o exchange_n or_o will_v be_v so_o inâ—urious_a to_o his_o country_n to_o maintain_v a_o 〈◊〉_d of_o our_o money_n in_o exchange_n contrary_a to_o his_o majesty_n proclamation_n and_o the_o law_n of_o the_o realm_n be_v altogether_o without_o ground_n and_o senseless_a the_o course_n of_o exchange_n rise_v and_o fall_v shall_v have_v no_o stop_n neither_o will_v there_o be_v any_o stand_n in_o blackwell_n hall_n whereby_o the_o remedy_n will_v be_v far_o worse_o than_o the_o disease_n as_o misselden_n labour_v to_o prove_v but_o the_o english_a merchant_n must_v needs_o recover_v the_o object_n 3._o object_n lossâ—_fw-mi of_o the_o exchange_n upon_o the_o cloth_n which_o must_v either_o be_v do_v in_o the_o buy_n of_o it_o at_o home_n or_o sell_v of_o it_o abroad_o but_o it_o can_v be_v do_v in_o the_o sale_n of_o cloth_n abroad_o for_o the_o cloth_n trade_n groan_v already_o under_o the_o burden_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o quantity_n and_o the_o price_n thereof_o which_o be_v diminish_v and_o to_o bring_v it_o upon_o the_o châ—â—hier_n be_v a_o matter_n of_o grievous_a consequence_n experience_n as_o i_o have_v say_v make_v a_o full_a answer_n answ._n 3._o answ._n that_o as_o there_o want_v no_o taker_n of_o money_n when_o the_o late_a inhaunce_n of_o money_n at_o hamborough_n cause_v the_o exchange_n to_o rise_v from_o under_o 28_o s._n to_o above_o 35_o s_o which_o be_v far_o more_o than_o the_o intend_a reformation_n and_o wool_n be_v at_o 33_o s._n the_o todd_n which_o be_v now_o at_o 20_o s._n and_o under_o so_o there_o will_v want_v no_o vent_n for_o our_o cloth_n for_o if_o there_o be_v sale_n for_o double_a the_o quantity_n then_o when_o cloth_n be_v sell_v dear_a by_o full_a one_o three_o part_n we_o need_v not_o to_o doubt_v of_o vent_n when_o other_o nation_n be_v as_o willing_a to_o buy_v the_o same_o as_o they_o be_v willing_a to_o vent_v their_o commodity_n unto_o we_o and_o it_o stand_v with_o more_o reason_n to_o advance_v the_o price_n thereof_o when_o the_o same_o be_v good_a cheap_a and_o to_o reform_v the_o price_n of_o exchange_n then_o when_o this_o dear_a albeit_o we_o never_o hear_v any_o complaint_n of_o the_o deerenesse_n of_o our_o cloth_n misselden_n will_v insinuate_v of_o many_o objection_n that_o can_v be_v make_v against_o this_o reformation_n so_o much_o requisite_a but_o they_o be_v but_o word_n 11â—_n p._n 11â—_n as_o all_o former_a consideration_n do_v manifest_a the_o taker_n will_v be_v rule_v by_o the_o deliverer_n for_o albeit_o that_o trade_n require_v a_o natural_a liberty_n which_o in_o no_o country_n be_v so_o much_o restrain_v as_o in_o england_n yet_o gain_v the_o true_a centre_n do_v over-rule_v all_o as_o it_o be_v by_o a_o voluntary_a command_n which_o make_v the_o voluntary_a contract_n by_o the_o mutual_a consent_n of_o both_o party_n by_o he_o allege_v and_o when_o the_o gain_n of_o exportation_n of_o money_n fail_v 113._o p._n 113._o than_o the_o statute_n of_o employment_n be_v better_a observe_v and_o money_n be_v more_o plentiful_a by_o exchange_n for_o all_o these_o argument_n be_v as_o lime_n twig_n or_o hops_n to_o keep_v he_o still_o enclose_v within_o his_o circle_n he_o repli_v that_o although_o there_o want_v not_o taker_n of_o money_n by_o exchange_n for_o hamborough_n when_o the_o exchange_n rise_v from_o 28_o s._n to_o 35_o s_o yet_o it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o therefore_o there_o will_v be_v taker_n at_o the_o par_fw-fr of_o exchange_n for_o it_o be_v a_o different_a case_n indeed_o he_o do_v not_o understand_v the_o case_n 114._o p._n 114._o for_o the_o taker_n do_v not_o gain_v neither_o do_v the_o deliverer_n loose_a as_o he_o say_v by_o the_o fast_o rise_v of_o exchange_n at_o hamborough_n only_o he_o that_o be_v to_o take_v up_o money_n back_o again_o to_o pay_v his_o bill_n of_o exchange_n take_v upon_o he_o may_v therein_o become_v a_o gainer_n although_o by_o the_o buy_n of_o commodity_n he_o may_v have_v be_v a_o loose_a by_o the_o endure_a of_o commodity_n there_o upon_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o money_n rule_n a_o particular_a make_v no_o rule_n these_o accident_n be_v particular_n and_o make_v no_o general_a rule_n that_o he_o understand_v not_o himself_o in_o the_o par_fw-fr of_o exchange_n which_o i_o have_v distinguish_v by_o the_o positive_a exchange_n from_o the_o currant_n exchange_n appear_v also_o by_o his_o inferrence_n that_o it_o may_v prove_v also_o another_o bar_n to_o trade_n and_o cause_v the_o cloth_n trade_n both_o in_o the_o clothier_n and_o merchant_n hand_n to_o be_v so_o much_o dear_a to_o they_o and_o cheap_a to_o the_o stranger_n by_o how_o much_o the_o natural_a course_n shall_v be_v alter_v in_o exchange_n when_o it_o shall_v be_v answer_v by_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n to_o the_o great_a advantage_n of_o foreign_a nation_n and_o loss_n of_o the_o kingdom_n this_o man_n seek_v a_o knot_n in_o a_o bulrush_n and_o conclude_v that_o all_o he_o have_v allege_v be_v as_o clear_a as_o the_o sun_n and_o that_o until_o the_o kingdom_n come_v to_o a_o overballance_n of_o trade_n 131._o p._n 131._o the_o cause_n of_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n can_v be_v take_v away_o for_o the_o decay_n of_o trade_n and_o the_o overballance_n can_v stand_v together_o that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o sick_a body_n can_v be_v in_o health_n until_o it_o be_v cure_v which_o be_v a_o sentence_n contain_v many_o sentence_n when_o the_o overballance_n be_v the_o decay_n of_o trade_n to_o speak_v ingenious_o can_v the_o make_n of_o a_o balance_n cause_n money_n and_o bullion_n to_o be_v bring_v in_o or_o hinder_v the_o transportation_n of_o money_n or_o can_v the_o calculation_n of_o the_o say_a balance_n procure_v that_o our_o native_a commodity_n export_v shall_v surmount_v in_o price_n and_o quantity_n the_o foreign_a commodity_n bring_v in_o and_o last_o can_v the_o say_a balance_n bring_v to_o pass_v that_o spanish_a royal_n of_o 8_o now_o divert_v from_o we_o shall_v be_v import_v and_o when_o the_o say_v royal_n and_o dollar_n be_v bring_v in_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v carry_v out_o again_o but_o be_v bring_v to_o the_o mint_n as_o the_o say_a centre_n gain_n will_v do_v by_o the_o true_a course_n of_o exchange_n to_o the_o enrich_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o prevention_n of_o overballance_v questionless_a it_o can_v for_o the_o end_n of_o the_o balance_n by_o his_o own_o confession_n be_v last_v in_o place_n but_o first_o and_o chief_a in_o purpose_n 130._o p._n 130._o or_o in_o the_o beginning_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o to_o make_v a_o trial_n of_o thing_n past_a so_o that_o put_v this_o circle_n of_o commerce_n into_o the_o seal_n of_o the_o balance_n and_o lay_v a_o feather_n against_o it_o and_o it_o will_v weigh_v down_o the_o same_o but_o some_o will_v say_v why_o do_v you_o expostulate_v or_o make_v inquiry_n of_o the_o end_n of_o this_o balance_n 132._o p._n 132._o have_v not_o he_o contract_v all_o the_o cause_n of_o our_o underballance_n in_o two_o word_n poverty_n and_o prodigality_n ground_v upon_o idleness_n and_o excess_n and_o therein_o use_v such_o a_o ciceronian_a stile_n to_o exhort_v the_o learned_a divine_n and_o provident_a statesman_n that_o we_o may_v say_v movit_fw-la cornicula_fw-la risum_fw-la assure_o 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fetch_v their_o axis_fw-la home_n thus_o end_v misseldens_n song_n with_o my_o contrator_n concern_v the_o cloth_n trade_n wherein_o we_o find_v a_o centre_n for_o the_o public_a good_a in_o general_n come_v we_o now_o to_o the_o examination_n of_o the_o trade_n from_o england_n to_o the_o east_n indies_n indies_n the_o trade_n for_o the_o east_n indies_n by_o the_o say_a centre_n of_o commerce_n namely_o gain_n where_o misselden_n according_a to_o his_o ordinary_a custom_n thus_o chant_v against_o i_o and_o we_o shall_v find_v that_o the_o say_a trade_n be_v unprofitable_a for_o england_n this_o company_n also_o that_o deserve_v so_o much_o pity_n can_v escape_v malynes_n envy_n for_o here_o he_o endevore_v close_o and_o cunning_o to_o insinuate_v that_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o want_n of_o money_n be_v the_o ready_a money_n send_v to_o the_o east_n indies_n in_o real_n of_o plate_n again_o 37._o p._n 37._o malynes_n take_v notice_n of_o m._n mun_n discourse_n of_o the_o east_n 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circumstance_n aforesaid_a the_o first_o assertion_n than_o be_v that_o by_o our_o native_a commodity_n to_o be_v send_v into_o the_o east_n indies_n assertion_n 1._o assertion_n there_o be_v no_o benefit_n to_o be_v make_v but_o rather_o a_o evident_a loss_n and_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n send_v thither_o namely_o elephant_n tooth_n quicksilver_n vermillion_n and_o other_o thing_n have_v yield_v more_o gain_n than_o our_o clothes_n lead_v tin_n &c_n &c_n which_o upon_o due_a consideration_n be_v no_o gain_n but_o a_o mere_a loss_n consider_v we_o of_o the_o commodity_n return_v and_o sell_v for_o 1914_o thousand_o 600_o pound_n produce_v five_o and_o one_o three_o part_n for_o one_o towards_o custom_n charge_n and_o all_o other_o thi_v as_o aforesaid_a and_o we_o shall_v be_v ravish_v with_o admiration_n upon_o examination_n of_o the_o price_n in_o particular_a by_o the_o say_a author_n declare_v this_o calculation_n be_v to_o be_v make_v between_o the_o commodity_n buy_v in_o the_o east_n indies_n withal_o charge_n and_o the_o sale_n of_o they_o in_o england_n without_o charge_n 44._o p._n 11_o &_o 44._o pepper_n at_o 2_o do_v ½_n the_o pound_n sell_v for_o 20_o do_v be_v 8_o for_o 1._o clove_n at_o 9_o do_v sell_v for_o 5_o s_o be_v 6_o and_o two_o three_o for_o 1._o nutmeg_n at_o 4_o d._n the_o l_o sell_v at_o 3_o s_o be_v full_a 9_o for_o 1._o mace_n at_o 8_o d._n the_o pound_n sell_v for_o 6_o s_o be_v full_a 9_o for_o 1._o indigo_n at_o 14_o d._n the_o l_o sell_v for_o 5_o s_o be_v but_o 4⅓_n for_o 1._o raw-silke_n at_o 8_o s._n the_o l_o sell_v for_o 20_o s_o be_v but_o 2_o ½_n for_o 1._o wherein_o the_o quantity_n of_o each_o kind_n of_o commodity_n be_v much_o to_o be_v respect_v to_o make_v a_o true_a calculation_n hereupon_o any_o man_n of_o mean_a judgement_n may_v easy_o perceive_v that_o the_o inferrence_n to_o make_v the_o east_n india_n trade_n more_o profitable_a by_o the_o employment_n to_o be_v increase_v of_o indigo_n and_o silk_n by_o the_o persian_a 14._o p._n 7._o &_o 14._o gulf_n be_v altogether_o mistake_v for_o if_o spice_n which_o yield_v 7._o 8._o and_o 9_o for_o one_o have_v procure_v but_o small_a gain_n how_o shall_v silk_n and_o indigo_n augment_v and_o increase_v the_o same_o when_o they_o produce_v but_o 2½_n for_o one_o and_o 4_o ⅓_n which_o be_v very_a deed_n breed_v a_o loss_n upon_o the_o aforesaid_a employment_n and_o decrease_v the_o same_o the_o second_o assertion_n therefore_o be_v assertion_n 2._o assertion_n that_o this_o imaginary_a blessing_n arise_v by_o the_o intend_a employment_n to_o be_v make_v in_o silk_n and_o indigo_n be_v mistake_v and_o hurtful_a to_o the_o realm_n especial_o if_o the_o manufacture_n of_o silk_n be_v increase_v in_o derogation_n of_o the_o manufacture_n of_o our_o native_a material_n but_o some_o affection_a east_n india_n merchant_n will_v
frequent_o when_o silver_n be_v advance_v by_o alter_v the_o proportion_n and_o reduce_v the_o same_o to_o 12_o to_o one_o or_o thereabouts_o second_o the_o foreign_a coin_n will_v be_v advance_v by_o these_o mean_n 7_o upon_o the_o hundred_o above_o our_o starlin_n money_n and_o thereby_o increase_v the_o exportation_n of_o the_o say_v royal_n three_o the_o king_n will_v loose_v his_o coinage_n money_n be_v above_o 2_o d._n upon_o a_o ounce_n and_o the_o melt_a down_o of_o his_o money_n and_o efface_v of_o his_o stamp_n be_v a_o great_a derogation_n of_o his_o prerogation_n royal_a it_o be_v a_o mark_n of_o sovereignty_n four_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o the_o say_v royal_n will_v alter_v the_o price_n of_o plare_fw-la as_o also_o of_o other_o commodity_n within_o the_o realm_n which_o be_v a_o matter_n much_o respect_v hitherto_o five_o when_o money_n be_v enhance_v beyond_o the_o sea_n the_o price_n of_o exchange_n do_v also_o enhance_v in_o some_o measure_n but_o when_o money_n be_v enhance_v here_o the_o exchange_n abate_v which_o cause_v the_o exportation_n of_o our_o money_n to_o increase_v as_o for_o example_n exchange_n the_o propery_n of_o true_a exchange_n if_o to_o make_v silver_n equivalent_a to_o gold_n of_o 12_o to_o one_o the_o ounce_n shall_v be_v value_v at_o 5_o s._n 6_o do_v whereby_o it_o will_v be_v enhance_v ten_o pro_fw-la cento_fw-la shall_v be_v though_o convenient_a it_o will_v make_v the_o price_n of_o exchange_n to_o fall_v 10_o pro_fw-la cento_fw-la or_o more_o which_o for_o the_o low_a country_n will_v fall_v to_o 30_o s._n and_o under_o and_o so_o it_o will_v be_v still_o transport_v and_o the_o make_n of_o foreign_a coin_n currant_n within_o the_o realm_n above_o the_o value_n of_o we_o be_v not_o use_v upon_o any_o good_a order_n as_o we_o have_v note_v by_o the_o archdutchesse_n of_o austria_n to_o come_v therefore_o to_o the_o true_a remedy_n we_o be_v to_o consider_v the_o true_a cause_n of_o their_o operation_n to_o which_o end_n we_o have_v declare_v in_o the_o equin_n octiall_a the_o loss_n which_o the_o realm_n sustain_v by_o a_o low_a exchange_n or_o the_o undervaluation_n of_o our_o money_n as_o also_o the_o benefit_n which_o will_v arise_v by_o the_o high_a exchange_n as_o mere_o opposite_a unto_o it_o so_o that_o we_o may_v conclude_v certain_o overballance_a cause_n to_o prevent_v the_o overballance_a è_fw-la conuerso_fw-la i_o that_o when_o the_o exchange_n shall_v be_v rectify_v and_o our_o money_n be_v true_o value_v in_o exchange_n 2_o according_a to_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o money_n beyond_o the_o sea_n 3_o then_o will_v the_o transportation_n of_o money_n cease_v 4_o and_o the_o more_o native_a commodity_n will_v be_v export_v and_o consequent_o the_o loss_n of_o that_o inhaunce_a be_v prevent_v 5_o will_v cause_v bullion_n and_o money_n to_o be_v import_v 6_o and_o the_o less_o foreign_a commodity_n to_o be_v bring_v in_o 7_o the_o royal_a of_o spain_n will_v not_o be_v divert_v nor_o the_o trade_n depend_v thereupon_o 8_o which_o will_v procure_v plenty_n of_o money_n 9_o to_o advance_v the_o price_n of_o our_o commodity_n 10_o and_o abate_v the_o price_n of_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n thereby_o effectual_o prevent_v the_o aforesaid_a overballance_v this_o be_v to_o be_v do_v only_o by_o his_o majesty_n proclamation_n wealth_n the_o way_n to_o restore_v england_n wealth_n according_a to_o the_o aforesaid_a statute_n and_o proclamation_n of_o exchange_n prohibit_v that_o after_o 3_o month_n next_o and_o ensue_a the_o same_o no_o man_n shall_v make_v any_o exchange_n by_o bill_n or_o otherwise_o for_o money_n to_o be_v pay_v in_o foreign_a part_n or_o to_o be_v rechange_v towards_o this_o realm_n under_o the_o true_a par_fw-fr or_o value_n for_o value_n of_o our_o money_n and_o the_o money_n of_o other_o country_n in_o weight_n and_o finesse_n but_o at_o the_o say_a rate_n or_o above_o the_o same_o as_o merchant_n can_v agree_v but_o never_o under_o the_o same_o which_o shall_v be_v declare_v by_o a_o pair_n of_o table_n upon_o the_o royal_a exchange_n in_o london_n with_o such_o caution_n and_o observation_n as_o former_o have_v be_v note_v whereunto_o i_o must_v refer_v myself_o to_o be_v see_v at_o large_a in_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la for_o the_o better_a understanding_n hereof_o and_o to_o show_v that_o the_o like_a have_v be_v former_o do_v but_o therein_o only_a direction_n be_v want_v hitherto_o i_o have_v think_v convenient_a to_o put_v down_o the_o same_o verbatim_o as_o follow_v a_o proclamation_n for_o the_o order_n of_o the_o exchange_n of_o money_n use_v by_o merchant_n eliz._n queen_n eliz._n according_a to_o the_o 〈◊〉_d and_o statutas_fw-la of_o the_o realm_n forasmuch_o as_o there_o be_v so_o great_a abuse_n of_o 〈◊〉_d year_n grow_v by_o the_o corrupt_a deal_n of_o sundry_a merchant_n and_o broker_n as_o well_o stranger_n 〈◊〉_d upon_o bargain_n of_o exchange_n and_o rechange_v of_o money_n to_o be_v pay_v both_o out_o &_o within_o this_o realm_n as_o not_o only_o the_o good_a laudable_a and_o profitable_a use_n of_o natural_a merchandise_v be_v great_o decay_v the_o true_a value_n of_o the_o money_n of_o this_o realm_n much_o abase_v and_o her_o majesty_n custom_n and_o subsedy_n that_o be_v the_o ancient_a inheritance_n of_o this_o crown_n diminish_v and_o withdraw_v with_o sundry_a of_o 〈◊〉_d inconvenience_n to_o the_o notable_a damage_n of_o 〈◊〉_d realm_n for_o the_o due_a remedy_n whereof_o there_o 〈◊〉_d be_v make_v heretofore_o sundry_a good_a law_n and_o statute_n of_o this_o realm_n which_o do_v still_o continueâ—â—_n their_o force_n the_o queen_n majesty_n intend_v 〈◊〉_d have_v such_o great_a enormity_n and_o mischief_n 〈◊〉_d do_v give_v all_o manner_n of_o merchant_n break_a &_o all_o other_o person_n use_v to_o bargain_n by_o exchange_n and_o rechange_v to_o understand_v that_o her_o meaning_n 〈◊〉_d have_v such_o law_n and_o statute_n put_v in_o execution_n have_v be_v provide_v and_o do_v remain_v in_o force_n for_o this_o purpose_n and_o therefore_o warn_v all_o manner_n of_o person_n to_o have_v hereafter_o due_a regard_n thereunto_o 〈◊〉_d on_o such_o penalty_n as_o in_o the_o say_v law_n stature_n 〈◊〉_d other_o ordinance_n remane_v in_o their_o force_n be_v provide_v and_o for_o the_o lawful_a satisfaction_n of_o all_o such_o as_o shall_v have_v necessary_a cause_n to_o take_v or_o deliver_v any_o money_n by_o exchange_n there_o shall_v be_v certain_a order_n in_o 〈◊〉_d set_v up_o in_o place_n convenient_a declare_v the_o rate_n thereof_o as_o the_o same_o shall_v or_o aught_o to_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o use_n of_o her_o majesty_n or_o to_o her_o minister_n and_o officer_n thereunto_o authorize_v give_v at_o green-wich_a the_o 20_o of_o september_n 1576_o in_o the_o eighteen_o year_n of_o the_o prosperous_a reign_n of_o the_o queen_n majesty_n the_o noble_a and_o renown_a the_o baron_n of_o elsmere_n lord_n chancellor_n of_o england_n decease_v unto_o who_o i_o owe_v perpetual_a obligation_n do_v at_o foverall_a time_n advise_v at_o the_o council_n table_n to_o publish_v the_o like_a proclamation_n with_o some_o other_o good_a observation_n see_v therein_o be_v nothing_o require_v but_o equity_n and_o justice_n agreeable_a to_o the_o law_n of_o nation_n but_o the_o evil_a man_n sow_v thres_n in_o the_o night_n make_v the_o weed_n to_o grow_v so_o fast_o that_o the_o good_a feed_n can_v not_o prosper_v so_o that_o inveterated_a disease_n break_v forth_o at_o last_o make_v we_o to_o feel_v the_o smart_n thereof_o for_o some_o man_n upon_o private_a respect_n will_v cast_v doubt_n beyond_o the_o moon_n unexperience_n the_o nature_n of_o unexperience_n other_o will_v propound_v more_o question_n in_o a_o hour_n than_o a_o wise_a man_n can_v answer_v in_o a_o year_n and_o other_o be_v always_o consult_v and_o never_o deliberate_v so_o that_o the_o grave_n and_o discreate_a counsellor_n of_o state_n be_v to_o determine_v these_o serious_a business_n and_o to_o the_o other_o i_o may_v say_v know_v you_o not_o that_o the_o sâ—ept_v the_o doctrine_n of_o pyrrhâ—_n ariston_n and_o heriâ—â—â—â—_n have_v be_v long_o ago_o hiss_v out_o of_o the_o school_n or_o rather_o banish_v and_o confine_v among_o the_o barbarian_n will_v you_o cause_v we_o to_o doubt_v of_o all_o thing_n then_o shall_v we_o doubt_v whether_o you_o doubt_v or_o no_o it_o be_v possible_a you_o can_v carry_v bread_n in_o the_o 〈◊〉_d hand_n and_o a_o stone_n in_o the_o other_o nevertheless_o to_o 〈◊〉_d unto_o these_o man_n some_o satisfaction_n which_o make_v 〈◊〉_d whether_o the_o say_v his_o majesty_n proclamation_n 〈◊〉_d obey_v here_o &_o beyond_o the_o sea_n i_o be_o to_o prove_v that_o the_o centre_n of_o commerce_n will_v effect_v the_o same_o for_o gain_n will_v command_v effectual_o command_v the_o centre_n will_v command_v por_fw-es el_fw-es dinero_n bay_fw-mi la_fw-fr 〈◊〉_d perro_n say_v the_o spaniard_n