Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	great_a	king_n	kingdom_n	4,596	5	5.5955	4	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A34153	A Compendious history of the taxes of France, and of the oppressive methods of raising them		1694 (1694)	Wing C5608; ESTC R2727	22,880	42

privilege_n of_o those_o province_n and_o impose_v upon_o they_o the_o gabelle_n have_v he_o not_o be_v keep_v from_o it_o by_o other_o consideration_n what_o they_o be_v i_o can_v tell_v except_o those_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n which_o those_o county_n have_v finance_n from_o time_n to_o time_n present_v to_o the_o king_n at_o least_o i_o know_v this_o that_o they_o be_v give_v for_o that_o end_n that_o so_o they_o may_v be_v free_a from_o that_o terrible_a tax_n and_o i_o see_v no_o cause_n why_o i_o may_v not_o conclude_v that_o this_o be_v the_o principal_a reason_n why_o they_o have_v not_o yet_o undergo_v a_o fate_n that_o be_v common_a to_o all_o the_o other_o province_n of_o france_n now_o a_o excise_n that_o be_v so_o heavy_a and_o burdensome_a will_v bring_v into_o the_o king_n coffer_n a_o world_n of_o money_n where_o he_o not_o force_v to_o be_v at_o such_o vast_a expense_n first_o in_o transport_v of_o salt_n from_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v make_v into_o the_o other_o province_n and_o second_o in_o maintain_v above_o twenty_o thousand_o man_n that_o be_v employ_v about_o raise_v the_o gabelle_n or_o for_o watch_v over_o the_o faux_n sauniers_fw-fr and_o other_o who_o will_v cheat_v the_o king_n otherwise_o in_o all_o probability_n article_n iii_o des_n aides_n of_o aid_n less_o aide_n be_v a_o excise_n upon_o wine_n which_o be_v very_o considerable_a but_o for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o it_o i_o must_v in_o the_o first_o place_n tell_v you_o something_o of_o the_o measure_n that_o be_v use_v in_o paris_n we_o have_v so_o great_a a_o trade_n at_o bourdeaux_n for_o wine_n that_o i_o believe_v very_o few_o people_n be_v ignorant_a of_o what_o the_o measure_n be_v the_o french_a call_v there_o a_o tonneau_n but_o in_o paris_n and_o the_o environ_n of_o that_o city_n they_o speak_v only_o of_o muyd_n which_o be_v the_o three_o part_n of_o a_o tonneau_n and_o contain_v about_o 280_o pint_n paris_n measure_v which_o be_v about_o as_o many_o london_n quart_n and_o now_o after_o this_o explanation_n i_o will_v proceed_v when_o the_o proprietor_n of_o the_o vineyard_n about_o paris_n have_v sell_v their_o wine_n they_o be_v oblige_v to_o declare_v it_o at_o a_o certain_a office_n which_o be_v appoint_v for_o that_o purpose_n in_o a_o convenient_a place_n and_o to_o tell_v the_o officer_n or_o clerk_n at_o what_o price_n they_o sell_v it_o per_fw-la muyd_v and_o to_o pay_v one_o penny_n per_fw-la sterl_n per_fw-la the_o french_a ●●ure_n be_v 18._o d._n sterl_n livre_fw-fr beside_o a_o additional_a duty_n of_o sixteen_o penny_n halfpenny_n per_fw-la muyd_v the_o wine-coopers_n or_o whoever_o have_v buy_v that_o wine_n to_o be_v carry_v into_o paris_n be_v force_v to_o make_v a_o like_a declaration_n at_o the_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n and_o to_o pay_v the_o like_a sum_n viz._n one_o penny_n per_fw-la livre_fw-fr and_o sixteen_o penny_n halfpenny_n per_fw-la muyd_v for_o the_o additional_a duty_n but_o here_o we_o must_v take_v notice_n that_o this_o second_o office_n have_v a_o great_a power_n than_o the_o first_o for_o by_o their_o own_o authority_n they_o may_v arbitrary_o put_v what_o price_n they_o please_v upon_o the_o wine_n which_o very_o much_o increase_v the_o duty_n upon_o it_o and_o god_n know_v they_o seldom_o if_o ever_o fail_v of_o this_o but_o over_o and_o above_o all_o these_o imposition_n they_o pay_v for_o the_o duty_n of_o entry_n 22_o livre_n per_fw-la muyd_v to_o the_o king_n beside_o some_o other_o duty_n to_o the_o town-house_n wine_n be_v thus_o bring_v into_o their_o cellar_n they_o then_o must_v pay_v yearly_a to_o the_o king_n 8_o liver_n 1_o sous_fw-fr or_o penny_n halfpenny_n for_o have_v the_o liberty_n to_o sell_v it_o again_o and_o when_o they_o sell_v it_o they_o must_v make_v again_o the_o like_a declaration_n as_o before_o and_o pay_v the_o like_a sum_n as_o these_o duty_n and_o declaration_n be_v too_o frequent_a the_o wine-coopers_n use_v former_o to_o conceal_v the_o true_a price_n of_o their_o wine_n but_o now_o they_o dare_v not_o do_v it_o for_o fear_v of_o be_v catch_v for_o the_o excise-man_n know_v the_o general_a price_n of_o wine_n as_o well_o as_o the_o wine-coopers_n themselves_o and_o have_v power_n to_o take_v it_o pay_v to_o the_o cooper_n the_o price_n he_o have_v put_v upon_o it_o in_o his_o declaration_n they_o will_v run_v the_o risk_a of_o suffer_v great_a loss_n and_o damage_n we_o have_v hitherto_o see_v what_o the_o duty_n be_v that_o the_o wine-merchant_n pay_v let_v we_o see_v now_o what_o those_o be_v that_o be_v impose_v upon_o the_o vintner_n i_o mean_v those_o who_o sell_v wine_n by_o retail_n it_o be_v not_o free_a for_o any_o man_n in_o paris_n to_o set_v up_o a_o sign_n and_o sell_v wine_n as_o it_o be_v in_o london_n i_o mean_v after_o he_o have_v serve_v a_o apprenticeship_n the_o time_n appoint_v by_o the_o custom_n this_o liberty_n must_v be_v obtain_v from_o the_o french_a king_n and_o for_o it_o a_o man_n must_v pay_v yearly_a 8_o liver_n 1_o sous_fw-fr or_o penny_n halfpenny_n this_o be_v call_v the_o duty_n of_o sign_n beside_o they_o be_v former_o oblige_v to_o give_v the_o eight_o part_n of_o the_o money_n they_o receive_v for_o the_o sale_n of_o their_o wine_n but_o because_o this_o be_v too_o troublesome_a as_o well_o to_o the_o king_n officer_n as_o to_o the_o vintner_n themselves_o they_o make_v a_o agreement_n to_o pay_v 8_o liures_fw-fr 1_o sous_fw-fr halfpenny_n for_o every_o muyd_v of_o wine_n they_o sell_v let_v it_o be_v good_a or_o bad_a this_o be_v what_o the_o french_a call_n le_fw-fr huitieme_n and_o in_o what_o duty_n that_o great_a excise_n upon_o wine_n do_v consist_v call_v les_fw-fr aides_n i_o think_v now_o not_o improper_a to_o recapitulate_v all_o those_o duty_n that_o we_o may_v see_v in_o one_o view_n what_o they_o amount_v to_o and_o the_o better_a to_o illustrate_v the_o matter_n i_o must_v put_v a_o price_n upon_o the_o muyd_v of_o wine_n and_o see_v what_o money_n come_v to_o the_o king_n by_o the_o sale_n of_o that_o muyd_v that_o be_v somewhat_o like_o our_o hogshead_n but_o a_o little_o large_a contain_v about_o 280_o quart_n the_o common_a price_n about_o paris_n be_v in_o time_n of_o peace_n 18_o or_o 20_o liures_fw-fr per_fw-la muyd_v but_o now_o it_o be_v four_o time_n as_o dear_a again_o suppose_v however_o for_o our_o purpose_n that_o a_o muyd_v of_o wine_n be_v sell_v in_o the_o vineyard_n for_o 18_o livre_n that_o be_v near_o 27_o shilling_n of_o our_o money_n the_o proprietor_n must_v pay_v in_o the_o first_o place_n two_o shilling_n and_o ten_o penny_n halfpenny_n for_o the_o first_o duty_n of_o the_o declaration_n the_o like_a sum_n must_v be_v pay_v by_o the_o wine-merchant_n at_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n suppose_v the_o officer_n to_o be_v honest_a but_o if_o they_o will_v put_v a_o high_a price_n upon_o it_o for_o it_o absolute_o depend_v on_o their_o roguery_n or_o caprichio_n i_o can_v say_v nothing_o to_o that_o and_o 22_o livre_n beside_o for_o the_o duty_n of_o entry_n so_o that_o it_o be_v manifest_a a_o hogshead_n of_o wine_n which_o be_v sell_v for_o 27_o shilling_n sterling_a pay_v to_o the_o king_n beside_o some_o duty_n to_o the_o town-house_n 38_o shilling_n and_o 9_o penny_n these_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o the_o first_o sale_n now_o let_v we_o suppose_v that_o the_o same_o muyd_v be_v sell_v to_o a_o vintner_n as_o the_o wine-merchant_n must_v get_v something_o to_o live_v he_o can_v sell_v it_o for_o less_o than_o sixty_o livre_n have_v lay_v out_o forty_o three_o already_o beside_o the_o expense_n of_o the_o carriage_n upon_o which_o he_o must_v pay_v again_o for_o the_o declaration_n one_o penny_n per_fw-la livre_fw-fr and_o the_o additional_a duty_n which_o come_v to_o five_o shilling_n and_o ten_o penny_n halfpenny_n and_o the_o vintner_n beside_o be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v 8_o livre_n one_o penny_n halfpenny_n it_o follow_v that_o the_o king_n receive_v from_o this_o second_o sale_n 12_o livre_n seven_o penny_n that_o be_v 19_o shilling_n six_o penny_n one_o farthing_n of_o our_o english_a money_n which_o be_v join_v to_o 39_o shilling_n and_o nine_o penny_n of_o the_o first_o sale_n it_o appear_v that_o a_o muyd_v of_o wine_n sell_v at_o first_o for_o twenty_o seven_o shilling_n pay_v to_o the_o king_n two_o pound_n nineteen_o shilling_n three_o penny_n farthing_n now_o it_o be_v not_o only_a in_o paris_n that_o these_o aide_n be_v impose_v but_o all_o the_o province_n of_o this_o kingdom_n except_o languedoc_n guienne_n limosin_n and_o britain_n be_v liable_a to_o this_o excise_n indeed_o the_o entry_n be_v not_o so_o considerable_a in_o the_o other_o town_n as_o they_o be_v in_o paris_n but_o they_o pay_v every_o where_o the_o

the_o first_o that_o open_o invade_v the_o liberty_n of_o his_o subject_n be_v also_o the_o first_o that_o raise_v this_o tax_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o three_o estate_n and_o who_o make_v it_o successive_a likewise_o the_o taille_n be_v threefold_a viz._n real_a personal_n and_o mix_v real_a be_v when_o it_o be_v only_o impose_v upon_o land_n as_o in_o some_o part_n of_o the_o province_n of_o gueinne_n where_o a_o man_n must_v pay_v a_o certain_a sum_n to_o the_o king_n for_o every_o acre_n of_o land_n he_o be_v possess_v of_o personal_n be_v when_o it_o be_v assess_v upon_o any_o personal_a estate_n that_o be_v among_o the_o french_a the_o money_n that_o a_o man_n be_v suppose_v to_o have_v in_o his_o own_o hand_n or_o to_o be_v worth_a in_o land_n and_o house_n in_o his_o industry_n art_n or_o ability_n to_o get_v money_n last_o the_o mix_v be_v so_o denominate_v because_o in_o some_o part_n of_o that_o kingdom_n the_o land_n be_v not_o only_o assess_v so_o much_o per_fw-mi acre_n but_o the_o proprietor_n beside_o be_v tax_v for_o his_o money_n art_n and_o ability_n this_o explanation_n i_o think_v necessary_a for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o my_o subject_n the_o real_a taille_n though_o very_o burdensome_a yet_o however_o it_o be_v the_o least_o heavy_a upon_o the_o people_n for_o if_o a_o man_n have_v but_o forty_o acre_n of_o land_n he_o can_v be_v assess_v for_o fifty_o whereas_o in_o all_o province_n of_o france_n except_o guienne_n the_o taille_n be_v everywhere_o personal_n or_o mix_v a_o man_n be_v assess_v for_o what_o he_o have_v and_o for_o what_o he_o have_v not_o that_o be_v at_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o intendant_o of_o the_o province_n or_o some_o other_o officer_n call_v eleus_n who_o be_v not_o only_o appoint_v for_o those_o thing_n hence_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v abundance_n of_o people_n be_v assess_v much_o more_o than_o what_o their_o yearly_a rent_n be_v real_o worth_a and_o a_o cobbler_n or_o other_o poor_a fellow_n that_o have_v nothing_o in_o the_o world_n to_o live_v on_o but_o the_o benefit_n of_o his_o arm_n shall_v yet_o notwithstanding_o be_v tax_v four_o or_o five_o crown_n a_o year_n be_v it_o not_o beyond_o my_o design_n i_o can_v easy_o give_v you_o many_o instance_n of_o the_o extreme_a heaviness_n of_o this_o tax_n but_o for_o brevity_n sake_n i_o shall_v content_v myself_o with_o this_o that_o a_o baker_n of_o gonesse_n near_o paris_n be_v assess_v for_o his_o personal_a estate_n though_o he_o have_v not_o a_o inch_n of_o land_n 1200_o french_a crown_n a_o year_n that_o be_v 270_o l._n sterling_n this_o be_v a_o pattern_n by_o which_o we_o may_v ready_o judge_v of_o the_o whole_a piece_n to_o say_v positive_o what_o the_o whole_a sum_n amount_v to_o that_o be_v impose_v upon_o the_o kingdom_n for_o this_o taille_n it_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n impossible_a for_o the_o french_a king_n do_v increase_v or_o diminish_v it_o according_a as_o he_o himself_o please_v that_o be_v to_o say_v according_a to_o the_o expense_n he_o see_v himself_o oblige_v to_o be_v at_o an._n 1684._o when_o i_o be_v in_o france_n the_o say_a sum_n amount_v to_o forty_o million_o of_o french_a livre_n that_o be_v above_o three_o million_o sterling_a but_o if_o we_o consider_v that_o at_o that_o time_n the_o french_a king_n have_v peace_n with_o all_o the_o world_n we_o may_v easy_o believe_v that_o this_o tax_n exceed_v now_o fifty_o million_o and_o above_o how_o this_o tax_n be_v impose_v and_o levy_v all_o inquisitive_a person_n i_o hope_v will_v be_v glad_a to_o know_v and_o therefore_o for_o their_o satisfaction_n i_o will_v relate_v it_o as_o plain_o as_o the_o darkness_n of_o the_o matter_n will_v permit_v the_o king_n resolve_v first_o in_o his_o council_n what_o sum_n of_o money_n be_v to_o be_v levy_v on_o his_o subject_n then_o commission_n be_v issue_v forth_o to_o the_o general_a treasure_n of_o the_o generality_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o give_v they_o power_n to_o levy_v the_o sum_n agree_v upon_o these_o commission_n be_v receive_v the_o treasurer_n make_v a_o division_n of_o the_o sum_n to_o be_v levy_v proportionable_a to_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o several_a election_n under_o they_o which_o division_n or_o repartition_n be_v send_v to_o the_o king_n who_o thereupon_o send_v a_o commission_n to_o the_o officer_n of_o each_o election_n by_o which_o they_o be_v order_v and_o enable_v to_o raise_v such_o a_o sum_n in_o their_o respective_a district_n these_o officer_n meet_v and_o make_v the_o register_n of_o tax_n wherein_o each_o town_n borough_n hamlet_n or_o parish_n be_v assess_v each_o parish_n have_v one_o of_o those_o register_n send_v to_o it_o whereupon_o the_o inhabitant_n make_v choice_n of_o one_o or_o more_o of_o they_o to_o raise_v the_o sum_n assess_v by_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o election_n these_o be_v call_v collector_n and_o they_o tax_v each_o inhabitant_n according_a to_o his_o estate_n but_o though_o they_o be_v forbid_v to_o do_v it_o out_o of_o any_o ill-will_n or_o malice_n yet_o they_o will_v ease_v their_o friend_n though_o they_o crush_v the_o other_o and_o this_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o a_o great_a many_o mischief_n and_o of_o divers_a family_n be_v absolute_o ruin_v by_o these_o unjust_a steward_n the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n be_v so_o very_o great_a it_o be_v not_o forty_o nor_o fifty_o million_o that_o will_v ruin_v its_o inhabitant_n be_v that_o sum_n but_o equal_o share_v but_o as_o i_o have_v already_o observe_v some_o be_v ease_v when_o other_o be_v overcharge_v and_o this_o misfortune_n come_v upon_o every_o man_n in_o his_o t●●●_n the_o collector_n be_v change_v so_o every_o year_n it_o happen_v that_o at_o last_o all_o become_v poor_a and_o miserable_a well_o we_o have_v now_o see_v how_o that_o tax_n be_v impose_v let_v we_o in_o the_o next_o place_n see_v how_o it_o be_v levy_v shall_v i_o say_v that_o the_o manner_n of_o collect_v the_o taille_n be_v very_o near_o as_o grievous_a as_o the_o taille_n itself_o i_o shall_v say_v nothing_o but_o what_o be_v very_o true_a though_o at_o first_o it_o seem_v almost_o incredible_a to_o clear_v therefore_o this_o point_n i_o shall_v observe_v to_o you_o only_o that_o the_o people_n be_v grow_v very_o poor_a they_o can_v exact_o pay_v all_o that_o they_o be_v assess_v and_o upon_o failure_n thereof_o which_o must_v be_v quarterly_o the_o general_n receiver_n or_o treasurer_n of_o each_o election_n immediate_o send_v a_o officer_n called_z porteur_fw-fr de_fw-fr contrainte_fw-fr or_o commissary_n to_o quarter_v upon_o the_o collector_n or_o inhabitant_n of_o such_o a_o parish_n which_o be_v so_o in_o arrear_n with_o two_o or_o three_o man_n who_o pay_n amount_v to_o thirteen_o or_o fourteen_o shilling_n a_o day_n where_o they_o remain_v till_o they_o have_v other_o order_n from_o the_o receiver_n which_o he_o never_o grant_v but_o upon_o full_a payment_n and_o though_o this_o way_n of_o levy_v be_v rude_a and_o severe_a yet_o it_o be_v very_o gentle_a if_o compare_v with_o what_o they_o do_v in_o some_o province_n of_o france_n where_o the_o receiver_n instead_o of_o commissary_n make_v use_n of_o soldier_n who_o they_o quarter_n at_o discretion_n upon_o those_o who_o make_v the_o least_o default_n in_o payment_n and_o this_o be_v nothing_o less_o than_o dragoon_n it_o be_v also_o worth_a our_o remark_n to_o observe_v that_o when_o a_o inhabitant_n be_v become_v so_o poor_a as_o he_o be_v utter_o unable_a to_o pay_v his_o tax_n or_o suppose_v that_o the_o collector_n shall_v prove_v a_o rogue_n and_o play_v away_o the_o king_n money_n the_o other_o inhabitant_n be_v bind_v to_o answer_v for_o each_o of_o these_o disaster_n there_o be_v some_o province_n in_o france_n that_o be_v not_o liable_a to_o the_o taille_n for_o those_o of_o burgundy_n britain_n and_o languedoc_n be_v free_a from_o it_o at_o least_o as_o to_o the_o name_n for_o true_o at_o the_o bottom_n they_o pay_v too_o as_o well_o as_o the_o rest_n but_o with_o this_o only_a difference_n that_o instead_o of_o taille_n their_o subsidy_n be_v call_v don_n gratuity_n a_o free_a gift_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o those_o province_n what_o those_o of_o burgundy_n give_v i_o can_v tell_v at_o present_a but_o the_o free_a gift_n of_o britain_n and_o languedoc_n amount_v every_o year_n to_o above_o six_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n of_o our_o english_a money_n those_o who_o be_v not_o thorough_o acquaint_v with_o the_o state_n of_o france_n will_v likely_o fall_v into_o a_o great_a mistake_n at_o the_o first_o read_v of_o this_o and_o fancy_n to_o themselves_o that_o the_o state_n of_o those_o province_n be_v like_o the_o parliament_n of_o england_n but_o lest_o i_o shall_v give_v any_o occasion_n for_o so_o great_a a_o error_n i_o think_v it_o