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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	great_a	king_n	kingdom_n	4,596	5	5.5955	4	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A18071	The preachers trauels Wherein is set downe a true iournall to the confines of the East Indies, through the great countreyes of Syria, Mesopotamia, Armenia, Media, Hircania and Parthia. With the authors returne by the way of Persia, Susiana, Assiria, Chaldæa, and Arabia. Containing a full suruew of the knigdom [sic] of Persia: and in what termes the Persian stands with the Great Turke at this day: also a true relation of Sir Anthonie Sherleys entertainment there: and the estate that his brother, M. Robert Sherley liued in after his departure for Christendome. With the description of a port in the Persian gulf, commodious for our East Indian merchants; and a briefe rehearsall of some grosse absudities [sic] in the Turkish Alcoran. Penned by I.C. sometimes student in Magdalen Colledge in Oxford.	Cartwright, John, of Magdalen College, Oxford.	1611 (1611)	STC 4705; ESTC S107677	77,355	114

for age is ready to goe downe to his graue They doe adore and worship the Diuell to the end he may not hurt them or their cattell and very cruell are they to all sorts of Christians in which regard the Country which they inhabite is at this day termed Terra Diaboli the land of the Diuell They participate much of the nature of the Arabians and are as infamous in their Ladrocinies and robberies as the Arabians themselues They liue vnder the commandement of the great Turke but with much freedome and liberty For Selymus the second hauing a great multitude of them in his army against the Persians they did him little seruice performing no more then what well pleased themselues This theeuish company did sundry times arrest our Carauan affirming that their Prince had sent for a Dollor on a summe of goods without the payment whereof being fiue seuerall times demanded wee should not passe through their Countrey One Village of note is there in this Country wholly inhabited by the Curdies being fiue dayes iourney from Caraemit and three dayes iourney from Bitclish called by the Countrey people Manuscute This Towne is seated in a most fertile and fruitfull valley betweene two mountaines abounding with pasture and cattell and about a mile from it is an Hospitall dedicated to St. Iohn the Baptist which is much visited as well by Turkes as Christians who superstitiously affirme that whosoeuer will bestow either a Sheepe Kidde or some peece of money to releeue the poore of that place shall not only prosper in his iourney but obtaine forgiuen●sse of all his sinnes To the Gouernour of this Village we paied for our custome a Shaughee on a summe of goods and so were dismissed The next day following wee passed ouer many craggy and steepe mountaines and at the last rested our selues and wearied beasts on the banke of Euphrates being the outmost bounds on this side of Mesopotamia and so entred the day following on the borders of Armenia the Great which is by some distinctly deuided into three parts the North part whereof being but little is called Georgia the middle part Turcomania and the third part by the proper name of Armenia The description of ARMENIA ARmenia was founded by Armenius one of the companions of Iason who wonne the golden Fleece at Colchos for after Iason was dead Armenius hauing gathered together a great multitude of people and wandering vp and downe the Countrey in the end hee founded the Towne of Armenia neere vnto the mountaines out of which the Riuer Tygris springeth constituting many good and wholsome lawes whereby from time to time the Countrey of Armenia was gouerned by Kings of their owne Nation vntill such time as the house of the Ottamans subdued the same It is now called Turcomania and was the first seate of the Turkes after their first comming out of Scythia who left their naturall seates in that cold and bare Countrey to seeke themselues others in more pleasant and temperate Countries more Southerly stirred vp no doubt by the hand● of the Almighty who being the Authour of all Kingdomes vpon earth as well of those which hee hath appointed as scourges wherewith to punish the world as others more blessed This people thus stirred vp and by the Caspian ports passing through the Georgian Countrey then called Iberia neere vnto the Caspian Sea first ceased vpon this part of Armenia and that with so strong an hand that it is by their posterity yet holden at this day and of them called Turcomania of all other the most true progeny of the Turkes These Turcomanes of a long time vnder their diuers leaders in the manner of their liuing most resembling their ancestours did roame vp and downe with their families and heads of cattell after the manner of the Scythian Nomades their Countrey men without certaine places of aboade yet at great vnity amongst themselues as not hauing much to loose or wherefore to striue This people did not only notably defend this Countrey thus by them at the first possessed but still incroched farther and farther and gayning by other mens harmes became at length dreadfull vnto their neighbours and of some fame also farther off Whereunto the effeminate cowardise of those delicate people of Asia with whom they had to doe gaue no lesse furtherance then their owne valour being neuerthelesse an hardy rough people though not much skilfull or trained vp in the feates of warre But to leaue these Turcomanes for a while wee will returne where we left This Countrey of Armenia hath for it vtmost bounds northward Colchos Iberia and Albania all which are now called by the Tartars Comania Colchos was that famous Prouince so much spoken of by the Poets for the fable of Medea and Iason and the golden Fleece the inhabitants now are called Mengrellians a Nation most barbarous and sauage selling their Sonnes and Daughters to the Turkes for litle or nothing Iberia is now called Georgia and Albania Zuiria Westward it confronts vpon Euphrates and Armenia the lesse Southward on Mesopotamia with that which the Curdies inhabit and Eastward on the Riuer Araxis which watereth the South part of Armenia and almost diuideth from Georgia A d●scription of the people of Armenia as they are at this day AT our first entrance into this Countrey we trauelled through a goodly large and spacious plaine compassed about with a row of high mountaines where were many Villages wholly inhabited by Armenians a people very industrious in all kinde of labour their women very skilfull and actiue in shooting and managing any sort of weapon like the fierce Amazones in antique time and the women at this day which inhabit the mountaine Xatach in Persia. Their families are very great for both Sonnes Nephewes and Nieces doe dwell vnder one roofe hauing all their substance in common and when the father dyeth the eldest Sonne doth gouerne the rest all submitting themselues vnder his regiment But when the eldest Sonne dyeth th● gouernment doth not passe to his sonnes but to the eldest brother And if it chance to fall out that all the brethren doe die then the gouernment doth belong to the eldest Sonne of the eldest brother and so from one to another In their dyet and cloathing they are all fedde and cladde alike liuing in all peace and tranquility grounded on true loue and honest simplicity To discourse how populous this nation is at this day is needlesse since they inhabit both in Armenia the greater and Armenia the lesse as also in Cilicia Bithinia Syria Mesopotamia and Persia. Besides the principall Cities of the Turkish Empire be much appopulated with them as Brusia Angori Trabisonda Alexandria Grand-Caire Constantinople Cassa Aleppo Orpha Cara-●mit Van and Iulpha Some of this nation affirmed vnto vs that the chiefest cause of their great liberty in the Ottoman Kingdome is for that certaine of their Kings bare great affection and loue vnto Mahomet their lewde Prophet in

horses mules and cammels in another place carpets garments and felts of all sorts and in another all kind of fruits as Muske-mellons Anguries Pomegranates Pistaches Adams apples Dates Grapes and Raisons dried in the Sun In this place do sit daily twelue Sheraffes that is men to buy sell Pearle Diamonds and other pretious stones and to exchange gold siluer to turne Spanish dollers to great aduantage into Persian coyne and to change the great peeces of the Persian coyne as Abbasses Larines and such like into certain brasse monies for the poore They wil also lend vpon any pawne that with as great interest as our diuellish Brokers and Scriueners take in London Finally the strength of this Citie consisteth not in walles and bulwarkes but in the souldiers that are continually maintained in and about this Citie for out of Casbin and the villages belonging vnto the same are maintained twentie thousand souldiers on horsebacke howsoeuer in this kings fathers time were leuied but twelue thousand Two places neere to this Citie are very remarkable the one is the Citie Ardouil the other Giland Ardouil is a Citie foure daies iourney from Casbin and two from Soltania A Citie of great importance where Alexander the great did keepe his Court when he inuaded Persia. It is a towne much esteemed and regarded by reason of the sepulchers of the kings of Persia which for the most part lie there intombed and so is growne a place of their superstitious deuotion as also because it was the first place which receiued the Persian sect wherein Gi●●● the first Authour thereof did reside and raigne A sect or superstition very commodious to the Christian Commonwealth because it hath bred great contentions and warre among the Mahumetane nations which before were so vnited together by Mahomets deuice that they seemed to be more then friends and in league one with another The Author of this nouelty was as we said before one Giuni a man well descended among the Persians who contemning al worldly honour r●ches pleasure as meere vanities trifles led such an austere kind of life with such cōtinency contempt of the world as that the vulgar people began to haue the man in singular admiration for the opinion they had conceiu●d of his vpright life rare vertues The fame of thi● new Prophet as so he was accounted was growne so great in the Persian kingdome that the people without number resorted out of all parts of Persia vnto the Citie Ardouil to see the man And he the more to seduce the people being by nature inconstant and superstitious began to perswade them that the three first successours of Mahomet were vniust and vnlawfull vsurpers of that dignitie and that iust Aly Mahomets sonne in law onely ought to be named the lawfull successour that he alone ought to be called vpon in their prayers for helpe and that all honours should be giuen to him and taken from Abubacher Omar and Ottaman as from persons that were vndoubtedly damned Finally he taught them onely to receiue the writings of Aly as of others most authenticall to reiect Abuchacher Omar and Ottaman with their writings as most wicked accu●sed whō the Turks had euer and yet do honour worship as the true successors of their Prophet Mahomet and his sincere interpreters together with the aforesaid Aly whom the Persians do only acknowledge and therefore in their prayers doe commonly say Cursed be Abubachar Omar and Ottaman and God be fauorable to Aly and well pleased with him Which their difference about the true successor of their Prophet in whom was no ●ruth hath bene and yet is one of the greatest causes of the mortall warres betweene the Turkes and the Persians and not the diuers interpretation of their law as many haue written which among the Tu●ks and Persians is all one This superstition was first broached as we said by Giuni afterwards maintained by Sederdin after him by Giuni the second then by Haider Erdebil afterwards by Hysmael the great Sophy it increased wonderfully that Persia seemed to enuie the glory of Cyrus and Darius After the death of Hysmael it was maintained by King Tamas his sonne who raigned with lesse felicitie being much damnified by Solyman the Turkish Emperour After Tamas succeeded Aidere the second who raigned but certaine daies and houres and then followed Hismael the brother of Aidere who troubled all the Cities of his kingdome with manifold hurly-burlies after him Mahomet surnamed Codibanda this kings father more vnfortunate then all the rest and lastly the king that now is who by his valour hath so largely dilated the confines of his kingdome that it seemeth he hath as it were founded it anew The description of HIRCANIA THe other place neere to Casbin remarkable is the countrey of Gilan in the Prouince of Hircania very famous in antique time Sundry names are giuen vnto it by the Barbarians some call it Girgia or Corca from a certaine Citie which stood in the same others Straua from a part of this kingdome others Messandra as Minado● Mercator calles it Diargument and in ancient time Hircania so much spoken of by the Poets for the huge woods and fierce Tygers that abound there Westward this kingdome bounds vpon Media Eastward on Margiana Southward on Parthia and the Coronian mountaines and Northward on the Caspian Sea The North part of this kingdome is ful of thick woods shadowi● g●ones wherein grow diuers sorts of trees but specially C●da●s Beeches and Oakes a fit harbour and shelter for Tygers Panthe●s and Pardies which wilde beasts make the passage in those places very dangerous but neere to the Sea side it is full of pasture and very delightfull by reason of the manifold sweete springs which issue out of the mountaine neere adioyning Many principall Cities are there in this countrey as Bestan Massandran Pangiazer Bachu and Gheilan Cities of such state and condition as deserue to haue a Gouernour of the same dignitie that the Bassa is with the Turkes Concerning Bachu it is a verie ancient hauen-towne very commodious for ships to harbour in as also profitable to vent commodities by reason that Ardouil Tauris Ere 's Sumachia and Derbent ly not many daies from thence Neere vnto this towne is a verie strange and wonderfull fountaine vnder ground out of which there springeth and issueth a maruellous quantitie of blacke Oyle which serueth all the parts of Persia to burne in their houses and they vsually carrie it all ouer the countrey vpon Kine and Asses whereof you shall oftentimes meete three or foure hundred in company Gheilan and the rest stand likewise altogether in traffick Gheilan being but foure easie daies trauell from Casbin and very neere vnto the Caspian Sea A Sea that is very commodious and profitable being in length two hundred leagues and in breadth an hundred and fiftie without any issue to other Sea to the East part of this Sea ioyneth

that therefore many trauellers haue bin deceiued who suppose that they haue seene a part of that tower which Nimrod builded But who can tel whether it be the one or the other It may bee that confused Chaos which we saw was the ruines of both the Temple of Bel being founded on that of Nimrod In a word their were burnt in t●is Temple an hundreth thousand talents of Frankincence in a yeere as Herodotus relateth This Temple did Nabuchadnezar adorne and beautifie with the spoiles of Ierusalem and of the Temple of Solomon all which vessels ornaments Cyrus re-deliuered And Xerxes after him euened this Temple with the soile which Alexander is said to haue repaired by the perswasion of the Chaldeans I denie not that it might haue been in his minde so to doe but hee enioyed but a few yeeres after the taking of Babilon and therefore could not performe any such worke But to returne where wee left To this city were the Iewes carried captiues and so thereof it was called the captiuity of Babilon A captiuity so well known to heathē writers that they make mention of it For they expresly affirme that in the time of Ioachim King of Iuda Ieremie the Prophet was sent vnto them from God to foretell them of extreame calamity because they worshipped an Idol called Baal whervpon as they relate Ioachim commanded Ieremy to be burnt a liue But Ieremy tels them that the King of Assiria should put them to sore labor make them to digge a channel to saile out of the riuer Euphrates into the riuer Tigris wherevpon Nabuchadnezar did set forward with a mighty army spoyling Samaria winning Ierusalem and leading away King Ioachim prisoner Yea they doe set downe the very time of the captiuity viz. that it should last three score yeers and ten and that Nabuchadnezar at his returne to Babilon was stricken with madnesse and did cry out for a certaine time night and day to his subiects the Babilonians that so great a mischiefe would shortly fall vpon them that all the power of the Gods should not stay it For quoth he an halfe asse of Persia shall come make you thrals foreshewing that Cyrus should bee the man which should both build againe the Temple of Ierusalem and subdue Babilon So that now wee may iustly aske what is become of this proud city which once held the world in awe Where are her conduits the rarenesse of her bathes the hugenesse of her towers the greatnesse of her Temples the beauty of her princely palaces a number of other monuments of her kings vanities Alas time hath worne them out and we may say Miramur perijsse homines monumenta fatiscunt interitus Saxis nominibusque venit Why wonder we that men doe die Since monuments decay And towers fall and founders names Doe perish cleane away For first she was subdued by the Medes then by the Persians after by the Grecians then by the Saracens then by the Tartars after that by the Persians againe now by the Turkes So God doth appoint and God doth disapoint states and commonwealthes according to the decree of his Eternall will sinne being the only cause of his anger his anger the cause of all calamities and subuersion of Kingdomes according to that of Syrach Regnum a gente in gentem transferetur propter i●iustitiam Because of vnrighteous dealing and wrongs and riches gotten by deceit the Kingdom is translated from one people to another The description of Arabia FRom the ruines of old Babilon wee set forwards to Alepo traueling for the most part through the Desart Arabia This country of Arabia hath on the North Palestina and Mesopotamia on the East the golfe of Persia on the South the maine Ocean of India on the West Egipt the red-sea It is deuided into three parts the North-part whereof is the desart Arabia the South-part is called Arabia Foelix and the middle betweene both is Arabia Petrosa It is not my purpose to write any thing either of Arabia Foelix or Arab●a Petrosa because they lie not in the compasse of my trauell onely it shall not be amisse to insert a word or two of Mahomet and his superstition who was borne in this country and hath seduced the greatest part of the world with his abominable religion Concerning Mahomet the people of Mecha where he lieth intombed doe altogether condemne him both for his robberies and murders And himselfe in his Alcoran confesseth himselfe to be a sinner an idolator an adulterer and inclined to women aboue measure and that in such vnciuil termes a I am ashamed to repeate And concerning his Alcoran wherein hee hath inserted the precepts of his inuention there is no truth in it For first vpon paine of death it may not bee disputed vpon whereas the truth loues triall so that though the Arabians Turkes and Persians will not spare to say and that vauntingly that the doctrine of Mahomet is diuine conformable both to the old new Testament yet as good as they make it you may not examine it or call it into question as if a man should say behold you are paide in good money but you must not weigh it neither looke vpon it by day-light 2 Besides his Alcoran is pestred with a number of fables and falsities as nine hundreth vntruthes whereof two are most grosse that Abraham was the sonne of Lazarus and Mary the sister of Aaron 3. Againe it pointeth out at things sensible and corporall and not to things internall and spirituall for Mahomet most blasphemously reporteth in his prograce vp to the throne of God that hee felt the hand of God three-score and ten times colder then any yee that he saw an Angel that had a thousand heads a diamond table of a thousand miles in length and a Cocke of a wonderfull bignesse which is kept vntil the day of doome that then by the shrilnesse of his crowing the dead may be raised and further he setteth it downe that the diuell is circumcised with this leasing also that the starres are very candles hung out euery night from the firmament 4. And for his promises to all such as call vpon him faithfully are meere carnal and earthly such as I am ashamd to name being fit for none but Heliogabalus and Sardanapalus 5. His precepts are indulgent to periury giuing leaue to haue as many wiues as a man will to couple themselues not only with one of the same sex but with bruit beasts also to spoile one anothers goods and none to be accused vnder foure witnesses 6. For his miracles he wrought none at al but hee confesseth that God sent Moses with miracles and Christ his forerunner with miracles but for himselfe he was to come with fire and sword to force men to obey his law whereas the truth doth draw men of their own accords rediculous also is that which hee writeth of himselfe how when hee was a child an Angel