Rhyne and entred the Gallia's there to seat themselues in regard of the goodnesse of the soile For the Teuthons broke into the Prouince of Gallia and were put to flight by Caius Marius the Consull Afterwards the Aruernes and Heduies quarrelling about principality the Germanes hired with pay from the Aruernes and Sequans marched thither at first indeed but with indifferent forces but increasing by degrees in Arcouistus their Kings raigne possessed a good part of the country but them Caius Caesar ouerthrew it battell and some yeeres after when he made warre against the k Inhabiting Lâ—ke beâ—ond Brabant Eburons a people of Gallia Belgica the Germanes againe march ouer the Rhyne with intent to beat backe the Roman Armie but were by him discomfiâ—ed at the meeting of the Riâ—er Maze and the Rhyne Many yeers following they contained themselues within their owne bounds because the Roman Emperours held them in play by warres yet as oft as they could lay hold on fitting opportunity slackt not their owne commoditie but continually wasted Gallia After this manner Gallienus being Emperour one no lesse carelesse then voluptuous they made an inroade and by little and little sprung vp to that potencie that the Emperour Probus had much adoe to repell them Iulianus also Constantius his Lieutenant made warre against them Afterwards when Honorius was Emperour the Gothes broke into Gallia to whom the Emperour detained by sundry warres granted the Country of Aquitania to inhabite On the other side the l Of Frankenlandt then Franconia in Germany French-Germanes making their way through m Holland Belgia vanquishing the n In and about Triers Treuires o Of Iuliers or Gulicke Menapians Eburons p Part in Flanders part in Picardie Morines q Of Turnay Neruians r of Picardy The beginning of the French Kingdome in Gallia about 421. Amtians Å¿ of Picardy The beginning of the French Kingdome in Gallia about 421. Bellouacans t of Picardy The beginning of the French Kingdome in Gallia about 421. Soissons seated themselues in that part of Gallia which retaines their name and is called France in which Country Paris is the chiefe Citie and not farre from thence stands San-Denis afterwards consecrated for the Sepulture of the Kings of France to this day After this manner inlarged hauing formerly possession of a good part of Germany euen all the Country betwixt the Riuer Maine and the Rhyne they easily repelled not onely offred hostilitie but also made warre vpon others Besides the Roman Empire in Asia and Affrica daily more and more sliding away and the Lombards wasting Italy they almost extended their dominions quite through Gallia and after many of their Kings had raigned there in successiue course at length the Crowne came to Pipin also and to his sonne Charles Charles Martel Pipins Father who was not king himselfe but onely one of the Nobles and Gouernour of the Pallace or as they are commonly called Majors of the house vanquished the Bauarians and Sueuians For as the writers of the French Annals deliuer it the Kings there for some yeers together had nothing at all besides their title the principalitie of gouernement belonging to the Gouernour of the Kings house For those Kings degenerated from the worth of their Predecessors and gaue themselues ouer to pleasure reiecting the care of the Common-wealth whereupon the Gouernour of the Pallace bore all sway and by how much greater the kings negligence was so much more hee augmented his authoritie At length vpon this occasion Pipin who was Gouernour in Childrickes raigne when the cause as they say came to canuasing before Pope Zacharie got the Kingdome Hereof is mention made in that decree which they name Gratians to wit that it is lawfull for the Pope to depriue Kings of their principalitie but the title and inscription of that place is false seeing there were two Anastatio'â— Emperours and it cannot be referred to either of them for the former raigned about 200. and the other 37. yeeres before this happened as also there was no Pope Gelasius in the later Emperors time I thought good to adde this for the Readers aduertizement that they may wisely and warily peruse the Papall records for it is not one place alone which discouers this to be their prime practice so to fasten an opinion of antiquitie vpon their lawes that they may carry the more weight and authority Pipin besides his repression of the Lombards in Italie at the Popes request as before mentioned commenced war also against the Saxons and afterwards against the Aquitanians whose Chieferaine he tooke and put to death not long after departing his life they forthwith rebelled and King Charles his sonne with much difficultie and infinite toile at length made an end of that double warre For he was in armes against the Saxons full thirty three yeeres during which warre hee made other also Bauaria likewise with their Chiefetaine Tassilo hee brought vnder his subiection and in two expeditions against the Lombards marching into Campania subdued all Italie and setled it with lawes and reduced into subiection those Cities of Gallia lying vpon the Ocean which Caius Caesar cals Armorica but now goe vnder the name of little Brittaine which refused any longer to pay yeerely tribute to the Kings of France In Hispaine also whither hee made an expedition with an Armie against the Saracens victorie attended him but in his returne vpon the Pyrene Mountaines by a stratagem receiued a fore ouerthrow from the u Of Gascoigne Vascones a people of Aquitane notwithstanding at last after eight yeeres warre hee ouerthrew the Hunnes then in possession of Pannonia and likewise by his Lieutenants composed Bohemia And his last warre was against the Danes or * For the Normans originally inhabited Norway Normans then with a great Nauie forraging the maritime coasts of Germanie and France By the atchieuement of those so famous exploits he gained his sirname the Great For whereas before him the French Kings onely held that part of Germanie lying betwixt Saxonie and the Riuer Danow and betwixt the Rhyne and the Riuer Sala to this he added Sueuia and Baâ—arta all Saxonie afterwards both the Pannonia's Dacia Istria Ireland and the midland Country of Dalmatia whereas also the French Kings had onely that part of Gallia lying betwixt the Rhyne and the Riuer Loire betwixt the Ocean and the x Against the Ilands oâ— Maiorqâ—e and Minuerque Balearique Sea hee added all Aquitania all the top of the Pyrene mountaines to the Riuer Iber and which should haue beene named first all Italie from the Alpes to the furthest part of Calabria And this done hee sets forward to Rome the fourth time where hee was proclaimed Emperour Augustus by Leo the Third and all the people after he had raigned thirty three yeeres Thus the Romane Empire in the West rent almost into peece-meales especially from that time when the Emperours made choice of Constantinople for their Court
without his aid and protection as concerning any danger he need not trouble himselfe For all of vs saith he doe not onely promise to watch about and guard Thee but also to interpose our owne sides and bodies But for all this after Cesars death hee reioyced wonderfully and boasted that they who had slaine him had obtained that glory which could scarce bee contained within the heauens This therefore is the fourth and last Monarchy in which place we must note how this citie which was built by Shepheards from most slender beginnings by little and little increased to the height of potencie and grew to bee Empresse of the whole world Now hereafter I will briefly as farre as I may declare after what manner it fell off by degrees from this most high estate vnto ruine The end of the first Booke IOHN SLEID AN of the foure chiefe Monarchies OR The key of History The second Booke CEsar being slain Octauius Cesar begun his raigue Anno mundi 3925. and raigned An. 57. his sisters sonne Caius Octauius hauing drawn about the militarie bands to his partie persecuted the murtherers most bitterly And at first seemed to take armes in defence of the Commō-wealth against Marcus Antonius but afterward diuding the Empire with him and Marcus Ledipus ordained a i Gouernment by three Cicero put to death An. 3926. Triumuirat in which Marcus Cicero was by Marcus Antonius whom he had very vehemently opposed put to death being sixty three yeers of age which was eight yeeres after Quintus Hortensius his death who was so many yeers elder then hee as abouesaid Cicero directly ouershot himselfe in his owne policies for when Marcus Antonius molested the Common-wealth after Caius Cesars death he with exceeding great praises commended to the Senate Caius Octauius Cesars kinsman a yong Gentleman of twenty yeeres of age and begunne to vrge to haue him created Consull without any regard had to his age producing examples of ancient times how it might be done and refuting such obiections as might seeme dangerous professing to be bound to the Senate vpon his honour that he should alwaies couernue such a Common-wealths man as he then was and such an one as they ought chiefly to wish and desire him to be but afterwards forsaken by him hee fell into Marcus Antonius his hands Marcus Brutus reprehends him sharpely for such his flatterie Then as it is common certaine grudges arising in emulation of the Empire when as Marens Lepidus for conspiracie against Octauius was formerly remoued out of the Triumuirat and banished Octauius made warre against Antonius his other Collegue and after his victorie at k A town in Epirus Actium ouerthrew both him and Cleopatra beforementioned at Alexandria forcing them both to kill themselues and made Egypt a Romane Prouince Authors report that in Ptolomie Auletes raigne the yeerely reuenues of Egypt came to 12500. talents which summe the learned of our times reckon to 7500000. crownes but when it came in subiection to the Romans they iudged it to be farre more rich in regard of the traffique with India and Aethiopia Antonius thus ouerthrowne and cut off Octauius alone gouerned the Common-wealth forty foure yeeres and in 29. yeere of his Empire and of the world 3954. Christ born An. mundi 3954. as most account was our Sauiour IESVS CHRIST borne Herod sirnamed the Great hauing seuen yeeres before most sumptuously re-edified the demolished Temple of Ierusalem Marcus Antonius was married to Caius Octauius his sister but afterward being intangled with Cleopatra's loue forsooke his wife and married her which partly was cause of the warre Both of them were exceeding riotous and Authors relate almost incredible stories of their banquets delights and pleasures but such as I before set downe was the vp-shot and end of their liues This Marcus Antonius was that most famous Oratour before-mentioned Marcus Antonius his Nephew In Caius Octauius his raign the Romans had their first war in Germanie within their own territories Caius Iulius Cesar indeed ouerthrew the Germanes twice but it was in Gallia to wit Ariouistus in the Country of the Celts and afterwards at the meeting together of the Riuer Maze and the Rhyne After this victorie he built a bridge and past ouer the Rhyne but resting there a few daies brought backe his Armie into Gallia and broke downe the bridge Two yeers after he passed again ouer the Rhyne on his second bridge a little aboue that place where hee formerly had led ouer his Armie and then fully intended to haue gone against the l Now of Pomerania in Germanie Sueuians but being certified by his Scouts of all affaires and fearing much difficultie and scarcitie of prouision returnes into Gallia breakes downe some part of the bridge and in the other part built a Tower and a Castle and fortified it with Cittadels that hee might not altogether free his enemies from the feare of his returne And this was all that Cesar did against the Germans as he himself writes But Octauius by the two brothers Tiberius and Drusus made warre against the m Germanes bordering on the Alpes Rhaetians and n Vandals Vindelicians and with o People about Colen Vbian forces who were confederates with the Romanes Quintilius Varus being their Captaine Generall inuaded that part of Germanie now called Westphalia howbeit Arminius Chiefe-taine of the p Germanes neere the riuer Elbe Cheruscans almost vtterly ouerthrew him betwixt the Riuer q Ems. Amasia and r Necchar Horat. lib. 1 Ode 24. Lupia Horaee in a most elegant Ode comforts Virgil lamenting his death Drusus died in Germanie leauing behinde him two sonnes Germanicus a most worthy soldier and Claudius Horace in another most elegant Ode as wee said before Horat. lib. 4 Ode 4. extols him and deriues his pedegree from Caius Claudius Nero who when hee was the second time Consull together with Marcus Liuius Saelinator slew Asdrubal Annibals brother at the Riuer of Metanrum as he was bringing ouer a supply of forces ſ Octauius so stiled in honour as much as Soueraign at this day Augustus also subdued the t Of Biscay in Spaine Cantabrians u Of Aquitane in Gallia Aquitanians * Hungars Pannonians x Inhabiting Wendenland in some parts Dalmatians y Of Sclauonia also or Wendenlond Illyrians z Inhabiting neere Lombardie Salassians and inhabitants of the Alpes It is reported that he often intended to lay off the weightie charge of the Empire but againe considering with himselfe that it would be rashly committed to many mens authority changes his minde In the thirty third yeere of his raigne deceased Herod the Great whom hee and Marcus Antonius in the third yeere of their Triumuirate had made King of Iudaea and in the eight yeere after his death his sonne and successor Archelaus was banished to Vienna a Towne in Gallia It is written that Octauius maintained forty foure legions of soldiers in protection of the Prouinces
the Bishops of the East are yet extant in which he often presses it that to Him alone as Bishop saith he of the chiefe See by a certaine singular priuiledge and diuine ordinance belongeth the right of conuocating Generall Councells But it may seeme wonderfull with what face hee could write thus or they so boast of it when as before him Constantinâ— had cal'd the Councell of Nice and after him a hundred yeares full Martianus the Emperor called the Councell of Chalcedon To Him also alone as Primate of that City saith hee appertaines the cognizance of Episcopall causes and other matters of that kinde of more weighty importance This his arrogancy the Bishops could not endure But assembling at Antiech boldly reply That it was not fit that the sentence by them passed should bee repealed by him for that they were possessed of the same degree of dignity whereof hee was and the doctrine of Christ came from their Countries to Rome * Tandem at the second hand by the paines and ministery of the Apostles Wherefore in case he should proceed and make new decrees they would not obey them neither haue communion with him but would take such a course as the matter it selfe should require And in another Councell in the same City of greater concourse then the former amongst other decrees They limit the office of a Bishop as also of a Metropolitane about discussing matters of more weighty importance For they decreed that in case the Bishops concurre not the Metropalitane of the next adioyning prouince shall delegate certaine Iudges to determine the cause But if any Bishop bee condemned for an offence by common decree of the rest of the Bishops they ordaine that their sentence shall stand firme and not bee repealed by another They further establish that the Bishop shall faithfully dispence the * Bona sacra goods of the Church and distribute them to the vse of the poore and that hee himselfe if need require may take from thence as much as shall bee necessary for naturall sustentation For St. Paul saith 1 Tim. 6.8 We ought to bee content with food and â—raiment Which goods if the Bishop say they shall perchance conuert into his owne or his friends priuate commodity or commit the administration thereof to his kindred he is to be restrained by a Councell At length Ioninianus the enemy being at his backe concluded a dishonourable peace redeliuering those fiue Prouinces beyond Tigris wonne by Galerius as aboue mentioned as also part of Mesopotamia and afterwards couenanted that the Romanes should lend no ayde to the King of Armenia their friend and confederate Marching forth with his Army as hee was returning home dyed vpon the borders of Bythinia The soldiers forthwith create Valentinianus Emperour who soone after his comming to Constantinople Valentinianus 364. An. 11. m. 8. d. 32. together with his brother Valens tooke his brother Valens to be his Collegue in the Empire and commending those m Of the East Countries to his care marched into Germanie where hee subdued the Saxons bordering vpon the Ocean and soone after he had beene in Gallia n In Pannonia falling into a feuer by an excessiue straining of his voice in an angry reply against some offenders dyed as it is written vpon a vehement passion of anger By this time his brother Valens was arriued in Asia to represse the Parthians forraging the Country of Armenia and the King of Persia who breaking the league was falne into open hostility But after the Hunnes or Tartars and Scythians had ouer-runne Pannonia Epirus and Thessaly he returnes into Europe where in pitcht battell being ouerthrowne and as he fled wounded and carried into a little cottage which the Enemy setting on fire hee there dyed That Edict of Valentinianus the Emperor and of Valens is yet extant wherein it is prouided That those who betake themselues to a monasticall life and solitarinesse and in that regard escape warfare and publike impositions shall bee drawne out of their cells and either serue for their Country or else forfeit all those benefits afterwards conferred vpon them that vndergoe both paines and perill for the Common-wealth The Enemies not long after appeased by the Emperours gift and mony departed from Constantinople which they then besiged Saxony being at peace Valentinian the Emperour chose his sonne Gratianus for his Collegue Gratian 375. an 7. m. 9. d 9. With his son Valenâ—iâ—tan the Iâ— who after his father and vncle Valens their decease succeeded them both both But he the Common-wealth being tossed with diuers billowes of troubles assumed Theodosius a worthy Commander in warre and sent him into the Easterne Countries There at Constantinople he vaÌ„quished the Huns and Gothes and chased them out of the Coasts of Thrace After this Gratianus was treacherously slaine in Gallia by Maximus one of his Coronels who affected the Empire Ausonius of Burdeaux certaine of whose Poems are yetextaÌ„t was his Tutor for literature whom afterwards he aduanced to the dignity of a Consull His son Valentinianus also died in manner of the same death by the treachery of his familiar friend Arbogastus But the murtherers escapt not scot-free for both of them were slaine by Theodosius the Emperour Maximus was taken and put to death at Aquileia and the other acted that part himselfe Those Tyrants thus cut off Theodosius 378. an 16. d. 12. Theodosius possest of the Empire ordaines his two sons Honorius and Arcadius his Collegues to whom by reason of their nonage hee appointed Protectors or as it were Gouernors to Arcadius he assigned Ruffinus and to Honorius Siilico sand not long after departed hi life The second Councell of Constantinople An. 381. By his command a Councell was held at Constantinople wherein the heresie of Macedonius who derogated from the Diuinity of the holy Ghost was condemned The Fathers there assembled being as it is recorded 150 in number ordained Bishops both there as also at Antiochia which they stile the elder and truely Catholike Church at Ierusalem which they call the Mother of all Churches They transmitted those their proceedings to Darsasus Bishop of Rome who endeauoured to call them to Rome Saint Hierom when he was yong was familiar with this Damasus Hee was the Author of that memorable saying Wheresoeuer the Bishop is be it at Rome EngubiuÌ„ Constantinople Rhegium or Alexandria he is of the same demerit and Priesthood Theodosius hath the fame for a very godly Prince who being reprehended by St. Ambrose Bishop of Millane and prohibited entrance into the church tooke it patiently Arcadius gouerned in the East at Constantinople Arcad us 395 aâ— 13. m. 3 d. 15. Together with Honorius who raigned about 15. yeares after the death of Arcadius and Honorius at Rome But Ruffinus with intent to translate the Empire to himself vnderhand incited the King of the Gothes to make warre against Arcadius whose treachery being disclosed he was slaine by the souldiers
purpose Lotharius 840. an 15. m. 3. d. 10. Lewis dying was buried at Metz and Lotharius then vp in Armes against his brothers succeeded which warre at length quenched and a new diuision made Germanie fell to Lewis and part of France from the Riuer Maze to the Rhyne to Charles France from the Brittish Ocean and Pyrene Mountaines to Maze Lotharius besides that he was Emperour held Italy and the Prouince of Narbon To him his sonne Lewis the II. succeeded Lewis II. 855. an 19. m. 10. who repressed the Sarazens breaking into Italy In his raigne amongst others Adrian the II. was Pope created as their bookes haue it contrary to the Emperours assent by the Romane Nobility Citizens and Clergy as they call them For although the Emperours Deputies were in the City yet were they not called to the Election who taking it in ill and discontented part receiued their answer that it was not done in any contempt against the Emperour but in caution for future times lest that custome of expecting the Emperours Deputies at the Popes Creation should grow vp as necessary They report that with this answer they were not onely well pleased but also in reuereÌ„ce humbly saluted the Pope Now here we may see a certaine wonderfull varietie and inconstancy in their writings for if Lewis the I. granted them a free election as they boast and as it is mentioned a little about why did Lewis the II. his grand-child take this for an iniury offered him But howsoeuer the case stands the title of that decree which is in Gratians Centons is euidently false for it is attributed to Gregory the IIII. whereas hee departed his life twenty and two yeares before Adrian the II. was made Pope Did he write a history when hee was dead of those things which happened afterwards Nicholas the I. was the next before Adrian A very long Epistle of his to Michael Emperour of Greece concerning his power ouer all Churches is extant For Ignatius was remoued from his Bishopricke at Constantinople and Photius placed without the Bishop of Romes consent as also the Images were throwne downe He therefore with all the vehemency hee could exclaimes against this Many of his decrees also are extant full of Papall Maiestie Charles King of France as abouesaid notwithstanding his other elder brother Lewis the King of Germanies resistance marches in all hast into Italy and is consecrated by Iohn the eight Pope of Rome In his second expedition into Italy at the Popes request Charles the Bald 875. an 2. m. 2. for repression of the Sarazens who had againe inuaded Campania he dyed at c Poisoned by Zedechias a Iew. Mantua His son Lewis surnamed the Stammerer was his successour Lewis the Stammerer 877. an 2. m. 6. d. 5. Charles the Grosse 879. an 8. m. 7. but he raigned onely two yeares After him the gouernment of the Empire came to Charles the Grosse son of Lewis King of Germany who his two brothers being dead held all Germany Italy and France and chased out the Sarazens who infested Italy The Normans first comming into Normandy in France for a while also making war against the Normans a people of Lower Germanie then annoying Belgia at length granted them that part of France which to this day retaines their name Next after him Arnulphus his brothers sonne was Emperour Arnulphus 887. an 12. m. 1. d. 19. a worthy Prince He marching into Italy to set Pope Formosus at liberty from his aduersaries takes Rome and tooke reuenge vpon the Authors of that sedition In the time of his raigne the Hunnes being chased out of Scythia breake into Pannonia and marching into Germanie Lewis the III. Arnolphus his son being then Emperour got a notable victory not far from the Riuer Laech and then ouerran Bauaria Sueuia d In Germany betwixt Sueuia and Hassia Francia and Saxony with bloodshed robberies and fire Arnolplus Emperor a Councell of two and twenty Germane Bishops was held at Triburia sometimes a towne vpon the banke of the Riuer Maine where amongst many other one decree was That no man should sell a burying place for the dead and that no Layman as they call them should bee buried within the Church About this time a mighty vproare burst-forth throughout Italy For Berengarius and certaine other Nobles of Italy loaden with multiplicity of fauours from Charles the Bald conspired against France at what time Charles the Grosse raigned but their attempts there prouing frustrate they bend their minds for Italy which by long and mutuall conflict as it is common they harraze with mercilesse outrages At length the victorie falling to Berengarius hee got the Kingdome of Italie where after hee had taken Lewis the Emperour he put out his eyes as histories relate About this time also that no parcell of calamity might be wanting the Sarazens Africans and Hungars most outragiously ouerrunne Italy Thus whilst the state of most beautifull Religion vnder the Berengarians Hugo Rudolphus Lotharius Albertus and certaine others was so dolefull and miserable and Lewis the Emperor dying in the time of those broiles the Germanes but more especially the Saxons and Francons proclaime Otho Prince of the Saxons and Thuringes Emperour but hee strucken in yeares perswades them to take Conradus Duke of Franconia Conrade I. 911. an 7. m. 6. who being created Emperour ordered all affaires according to Othoes direction and soone after Othoes death when he himselfe was very dangerously sicke calling together his prime Nobility requested them to acknowledge Othoes son Henry then absent for Emperour This was that Henry vulgarly called Henry the e Because of his great delight in hawâ—ing Falconer Henry the Falconer 919. an 17. Thus wee see after what manner the Imperiall splendor and dignity fell from the French and Charles the Great his lineage to the house of Saxony These two Emperours Conradus and Henry were not consecrated as they call it by the Bishop of Rome and for that cause are left out by many moreouer it is written that this Henry neglected the Popes offered ceremony of consecration and that hee should say that hee was content with the acceptance and suffrages of good men Within a while after this Arnolphus the Euill Duke of Bauaria intended to bring about the sway of gouernment into his owne hands whereupon forces being mustered vp on both parts when both the Armies stood in battell ray at Ratisbon the Emperour calls him out to priuate parley putting him in mind how he was created Emperour by the most part of the people of Germany and dehorting him from ieoparding the liues of so many thousand men most whereof were innocent and ignorant of the cause of the warre changed his intention and so broke off the battell In like manner Burchardas Duke of Suenia rebelled but shaken with the Emperours puissance came to composition The Hungars againe spoile Saxony but after their chieftaine was taken make a nine yeares truce The
was afterward by his consent confirmed Then dispatching his Legates into Germanie to certaine Bishops willed them to assemble in Councell but they refused it alledging that it was contrary to the custome and priuiledge of their Nation This designe miscarying He in some certaine Councels held in Italy decrees That Massing Priests shall haue no wiues but shall dismisse them or else leaue their places sending this his decree to the Bishops in Germanie vrges earnestly vnder a penalty denounced to haue it established but the Clergy as they call them and whole streame of Massing-Priests stiffely reclaime calling him an heritike that propounds such doctrine sithence Christs words are That all should not receiue this word Mat. 20. And Paul saith They that cannot containe let them marrie 1 Cor. 7. But this Pope not regarding Christs word and contemning Pauls authority would constraine men to reiect the vse of mariage which is lawfull and ordained by God and to burne in most filthy flames of lust and rush into manifest lewdnesse but they would rather leaue their Ministery then matrimony He neuerthelesse as before sending his agents pressing it on and standing stiffely vpon it the Archbishop of Mentz began to hearken to him who at first gently admonishes those in his inrisdiction and afterwards assembling a Councell at Erphord would flatly inioyne them but an vproare arising he escaped death very narrowly The Emperour in the mean time to reuenge the ignominie receiâ—ed the precedent yeare when besieged by the Saxons hee wrought out his safety by flight in the night time makes readie for warre and violating the league which he had made the yeere before musters vp all the forces hee could possibly make and in the moneth of Iuly setting vpon the Saxons who by their frequent Ambassadours had but in vaine solicited him for peace discomfits them in many battels not without great lâ—sse of his owne men no small number of the prime Nobilitie being then slaine Pursuing his victorie hee harrazes their country faire and wide and by his Ambassadors exhorts them to yeeld willing them to hope for all fauour from his benignitie but that failed though a certaine few obeied Bucco Bishop of Halberstadt and Otho Duke of Bauaria banished by the Emperour had the chiefe mannaging of this warre The Archbishop of Mentz againe solicited by Gregory the VII assembles another Councell and makes a new proposall about the Clergies not marrying but was entertained in like manner as before and stood in great hazard of his life whereupon he thought it his best course vtterly to lay off this designe The Saxons thus put to flight the Emperour dismisses his forces and the auxiliarie Princes but vpon condition that they should againe present themselues in armes before him on the two and twentieth day of October following When that day came a great many appeared and amongst them many Bishops but not so many in number as before There againe the Saxons send their Ambassadours for peace in camping themselues at Northausen The Emperour sends them answer that one way to peace was to yeeld themselues so they though seeming rather to doe any thing then this yet certaine Princes which were sent as Intercessors and Ambassadors from the Emperour promising them very largely that they should not thereby incurre any indammagement either of liberty or goods at length assented and the Bishop of Maidenburgh and Halberstadt Otho Duke of Bauaria Magnus Duke of Saxony and Fredericke Count Palatine yeelded themselues into his hands and likewise soone after many of the rest of the Nobilitie The Emperour at first commits them to custodie not without fauour but afterwards flying from his promise caused them to be carried into seuerall places how bee it not long after hee set Duke Otho not onely at liberty but also intreated him very familiarly but for the rest both kept them prisoners and gaue their goods for a prey to others Then raising new Castles and Forts wholly bends himselfe against the safetie and libertie of the Saxons and in his absence committed the whole charge of gouernement to Otho Duke of Bauaria by parentage descended from the Saxons After this hee conftituted a Bishop at Bambergh as also at Cullen and an Abbot at Fulden Now a little before this hee was accused to the Pope and most especially for selling Ecclesiasticall promotions Whereupon the Pope by his Legate cites him to make his appearance at Rome within a certaine time and to giue his answer in the cause But he cals a Synod of Bishops and Abbots at Wormbs there it is decreed that the Pope for that he came to the Papacie by sinister meanes should bee depriued of his place forthwith publishes this at Rome by his Ambassadors Henry the IIII. excommunicated by Gregory the VII alias Hildebrand an 1076. But the Pope not a whit moued hereat both excommunicates him and also more especially the Bishops of Mentz Vtrecht and Bambergh hauing formerly excommunicated certaine of his familiar friends by whose counsell hee supposed him to haue beene drawne on to this practise Furthermore the Princes of Germany decpely offended at the Emperours demeanour and disposition especially for that contrary to his promise hee persecuted the Saxons with so obstinate hatred conspire against him and so much the rather because he was interdicted the Church Whereupon they dismisse the surrendred prisoners the custodie whereof was committed to them by the Emperour iudging them not to bee tied to him in any bond of allegiance At the same time certaine Nobles in Saxonie stirring vp and drawing on others into their partie surprise those Castles euery where raised some by force and command other some by dedition and dismisse the Garisons in safetie first binding them by oath neuer after to beare Armes against Saxonie The Emperour vpon notice hereof in subtle policie sets at libertie the rest of the imprisoned Princes to the end that they returning into Saxonie might doe him faithfull seruice in punishing the Rebels for hee saw there was no other meanes to bring about his wished successe with more facilitie then by kindling factions amongst them and renting one from another but the euent was not correspondent for they after their returne home well acquainted with his qualities with ioynt mindes might resolued to fight for the common liehrtie and Duke Otho also forsaking him did the like yet the Emperour was full fraught with good hope hauing broken through Bohemia into the Country of Campania aided with Bohemian forces but when he was certified of the Saxons coniunction and their Armie in readinesse despairing victory retires Then at length the Princes of Germanie appointing the day met together in great abundance thither also repaires the Popes Legate who vnfolding the causes of the Emperours excommunication exhorted them to create another which otherwise they were about to doe of their owne accord for making a rehearsall of his life euen from his tender yeeres they pronounced him to be the blemish dishonour and
the iarres betwixt them Now this Emperour standing vpon his owne right and power a great tumult arose at Rome in so much as the Emperour raised vp in the night was constrained to aide his owne men who fell by the sword all the Citie ouer But these factious persons once supprest he takes Paschal the II. and dismist him not till he had giuen him satisfaction by entring into a league but after the Emperour was returned into Germanie the Pope flies off from the league Henry the V. excommunicated by Paschal the II. 1115. whereto he had sworn in most sacred words and excommunicates the Emperour which stirred vp many of the Germane Princes to rebellion and amongst the rest more especially the Archbishop of Mentz The Emperour marching downe into Italie sends his Ambassadours to the Pope about a peace But whilest the matter was in hand the Pope dies To him Gelasius the II. succeedes The Emperour for that he was not called to the election marches to Rome and sets vp another Gelasius thus deposed excommunicates both him as also the Pope by him constituted and the Emperour in regard the Popes Legates solicited the Germanes to reuolt was constrained to retire home But Gelasius dying in the interim the Romans choose Calixtus the II. Hee thrust him out of his place whom the Emperor in hatred to Gelasius had created and after much interession compounds with the Emperour To Henry the V. Lotharius Lotharus II. 1125. an 13. d. 18. of the house of Saxony of that name the II. succeeded Him Conradus Duke of Sueuia opposed storming that the sway of gouernment was falne againe into the Saxons hands who marching into Italy to settle himselfe in that Kingdome whilst Lotharius in the interim held Germany fast destitute of aide returned home and made his peace with the Emperour Innocent the II. was then Pope of Rome Him Anacletus resisted to whom because he was descended from noble parentage Innocent was forced to yeeld but imploring the Emperors ayde was restored The Emperour returnes into Germany where hauing seâ—led the affaires hee marches downe againe into Italy with a mighty Army subdues some Cities then in rebellion and amongst the rest Ancona and Spoleti chased Roger King of Sicilie out of Apulia and Campania and as fame speakes of him scarce any Emperor since Charles the Great archieued more worthy exploits throughout Italy It is written that then also the ciuill law which as we mentioned was collected by Iustinian the Emperors command hauing been borne downe by stormes of warre was brought to light againe Conradus D. of Suenia succeeded him Conradus III. 1139. an 12. m. 10. d. 15. at what time Henry sirnamed the Proud was Duke of Bauaria and by mariage with the Emperour Lotharius his daughter Duke of Saxony also who affecting the Empire and plotting much mischiefe against the Emperour was proscribed and his lands giuen to others But Duke Henry hauing recouered Saxony as hee was marching into Bavaria dyed leauing behind him his sonne in fauour of whom the Saxons rose vp in rebellion against the Emperour and not so onely but Welpho also brother to the deceased Duke Henry by force of Arms challenged Bauaria excluding Ludolphus vpoÌ„ whom the Emperour had conferred that Prouince A little aboue wee mentioned how the Emperour expelled Roger King of Sicilie but whilst Germanie was thus turmoiled King Roger laying hold on the opportunity inuades Sicilie and chases out the Emperours Deputie and then spurres on Welpho with large promises to proceed and hold the Emperour in play The King of Hungarie too tooke the same course who also stood in feare of the Emperour At length the Emperour marching out against the Sarazens lost his army and returnes home from whence intending to goe downe into Italy hauing all in readinesse dyed at Bamberg m Commonly called Barbarossa Frederick Barbarossa 1152. an 38. m. 3. d. 7 Frederick Aenobarb or Red-beard Duke of Sueiua of that name the first succeeded him a man of heroicke spirit He in the beginning of his raigne made a peace among the Princes of Germanie and ended the controuersie about Saxony and Bauaria afterwards with a maine Army marches downe into Italy sets a mulct vpon the Veronesses who had contemned him and for example sake hangs some of the chiefe vpon gallowes He commanded a Court of Guard to bee kept about him neare Placentia by all the Leige-Princes of the Empire besieges Millaine rases Asta and layes Deitona leuell with the ground Going to Rome is consecrated by Adrian the IIII. suppresses the rebellious Citizens subuerts Spoleti and made a great slaughter subdues the Lombards and hauing broken the snares laid for him by the Veronesses returnes into Germany inflict an ignominious mulct vpon the Prince Palatine who in his abscence had raised some commotions The beginning of the Kingdome of Bohemia about 1â—00 and after that he made the Duke of Bohemia King In the meane space the Millanois practised many insolent outrages against their neighbours and againe reared vp Deitona demollshed by the Emperour whereupon hee returning with a strong army sacks Millaine by the ayde of the Cremonesses Pauians and Nouarians The City thus taken the multitude at the Princes of Germanie their intercession to whom they had petitioned was spared All Lombardy was reduced into his subiection from hence hauing setled the City with Lawes hee remoues to other people thereabouts After his returne they rebell contemne the Lawes by him established and demolish the Forts by him raised whereupon againe marching thither he harrazes the whole Country and rases all places within their Dominions In the meane space mortall conspiracies were in hatching against him all Italy ouer in which Pope Adrian before-mentioned was one who as soone as hee had absolutely resolued to excommunicate him a Drinking of water wherein a flie were drowned dyed The Emperour marching into Italy the third time vtterly euerts Millaine puts the Author of the rebellion to death and compells the rest of the multitude to goe into exile then besieging the City of Rome lost a great part of his Army by contagious sicknes For that cause raising his siege and placing garisons throughout Hetruria setting ouer at Spoleti Ancona and Rauenna such as hee pleased should gouerne the Common-wealth he returnes into Germany Pope Adrian dying two contend for the Papacy Victor and Alexander the III. the Emperour being absent who indeed enclined more to Victor but Alexander first excommunicates his Competitour and afterwards the dissention increasing the b Afterwards wheÌ„ the Emperour came to him to Venice for his absolution the Pope trode vpon his necke and caused that place in the Psalmist to bee sung Thou shalt tread vpon the Aspe and Basilisk c. The Emperour exclaiming that he did not this honour to him but to S. Peter the Pope replied To me and to Peter too Emperour also The Millanois perceiuing this occasion breake into rebellion and in many places in Italy