Linguistic DNA - Concept Modelling Demonstrator

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	great_a	joy_n	sorrow_n	2,802	5	8.8668	4	true

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A16845	A treatise of melancholie Containing the causes thereof, & reasons of the strange effects it worketh in our minds and bodies: with the physicke cure, and spirituall consolation for such as haue thereto adioyned an afflicted conscience. ... By T. Bright doctor of physicke.	Bright, Timothie, 1550-1615.	1586 (1586)	STC 3747; ESTC S106464	155,522	312

such matters as import great supplie or otherwise they doe earnestly affect and are in feare least communication breede whole dispossession or make inequall partition They interprete readilie all to the worse part suspitious least it be a matter of farther feare and not indifferently weighing the case but poysing it by their fantasticall feare and doubt at home Passionate they be out of measure whereto a vehement obiect of long connuaunce vrgeth them this causeth them to be amorous both because it is a pleasure to loue which mittigateth their inwarde sorowe and timiditie thinneth their bloud and dilateth the heart and a cause to be beloued againe which of all thinges liketh the melancholie personnes being the greatest meanes of comfort vnto them from which all offices of kindenesse curtesie and grace do flowe this affection riseth not vnto them by purenesse of nature but by the force of that which draweth them vnto the vehemencie of passion wherein they so oft times exceede that it bereaueth them for a time ielousie excepted of all other affection If the melancholie be sanguine adust then may it supply the want in the obiect and cause an internall amorous disposition with such dotage that maketh no discretion where the affection is bestowed as he that is of a merrie nature will laugh at his conceit and the angrie man displeased with his owne shadowe Thus farre of the simple actions of brayne and heart which are altered in melancholicke personnes and the manner howe with reason of their alteration other actions are in comparison of these mixed as mourning rising of vaine feare or counterfet miserie solitarinesse least occasion of griefe be ministred by companie and resort silence thorough retraction of spirits by their passion except it be in mornfull plaintes to mitigate the sorowe and stiffenesse of the instrumentes besides the disorderly feare and heauinesse which cannot either minister nor take occasion of familiar conference and communication wholly transporting them to the concocting of their sorowfull humour which breedeth in them the passion more and more increasing a negligence in their affaires and dissolutenesse where should be diligence Of pace they are for the most part slowe except perill cause them to hasten both by reason of their members not so nimble for motion and the mind occupied with cogitation and studie stayeth the pace as we finde our selues affected when any matter of weight entreth into our meditatation Moreouer they are giuen to weeping sometimes if the melancholie be sanguine they exceed in laughter sighing sobbing lamentation countenance demisse lowring bashfulnesse and blushing the reasons whereof and manner how they arise because it requireth a larger discourse I will refer them more particularly to be discussed in seuerall Chapters followinge with Philosophicall causes or probabilities at the least how euerie one of these are wrought that you be fully instructed in that speculation of melancholie and the accidents which followe it as you are more then I wish or standeth with your present comfort exercised in the practise CHAP. XXIIII The causes of teares and their saltnesse OF all the actions of melancholie or rather of heauinesse and sadnesse none is so mamanifolde and diuerse in partes as that of weeping First of all it putteth finger in the eye and sheadeth teares then it baseth the countenaunce into the bosome thirdlie it draweth the cheekes with a kinde of conuulsion on both sides and turneth the countenaunce into a resemblaunce of girninge and letteth the browes fall vppon the eye liddes it bleareth the eyes and maketh the cheekes redde it causeth the heade to ake the nose to runne mouth to slauer the lippes to tremble interrupteth the speeche and shaketh the whole chest with sighes and sobbes and such are the companions of this sorowful gesture of weeping of which I will deliuer you the reason one by one first beginning with teares All obiects or cause of perturbation riseth more or lesse grieuous or acceptable as it is taken and although the cause be greate if it be not apprehended it moueth no perturbation at all This causeth some to sorowe whereat another reioyceth and other some to lament which other some beare out with courage or haue no such sense of and to exceede in ioye or sorowe except reason moderate the affection where other some keepe mediocritie by reason of certaine degree of apprehension yea though reason beare no part in the moderation Moreouer seeing it is necessarie that both braine and hart be disposed in a kinde of Sympathie to shewe foorth the affection as they be diuerslie disposed so may the cause of perturbation more or lesse moue and trouble As if the brayne be quicker of conceit and of more exact diseretion then the heart is ready to yeeld his passion by reason of a more compact firme temper then is it not aunswerable to the apprehended hurte or daunger If it be more dull then by reason the apprehension entreth not duly into the consideration of the present state or imminent perill the affection aunswereth not the cause If the hart be more tender then the braine ready there is feare and heauinesse oft times either without cause or more vehement then cause requireth and thus it fareth in the rest of the perturbations these three alwayes concurring in the affection the outwarde mouer or cause the apprehension of the braine and the motion of the hart according to the varietie diuerse disposition of which three the perturbations become distinct in kinde and diuerse in degree This is necessarie for you to know for the more playne deliuerie of the causes of the accidentes before mentioned and first of teares whose passion is not euerie kinde of griefe nor anie one kinde alike taken neither though the griefe be taken alike and the cause iust true yet doeth the partie not alwayes sheade teares thus affected First therefore for the manifestation of this matter of tears we are to search what kinde of thing it is that moueth weeping then how it is to be receiued to work this effect and thirdly of what disposition they are when iust occasion is ministred and the cause be so taken that readily signifie their inward passion by that dolorous outward gesture and action Of such causes as draw vs into perturbatton passion that only which moueth griefe and sorrow of hart causeth teares Such weeping as seemeth to proceed of ioy is of a mixt cause as shall hereafter be declared and maketh no exception to that vniuersall cause ofteares procured by affliction or greeuance for else we see no man weep but in sorow neither do any sorow but vpon occasion or perswasion of calamitie or hurt either present or to come sauing those which are melaÌ„cholick passionate who notwithstanding fancie vnto themselues a counterfet occasion therof without cause This I need not stand vpoÌ„ because it is euideÌ„t of it selfe and requireth no farther demonstratioÌ„ the other two being of greater difficulty of more diligent

sort taking more part of liking is the affection which moueth vs to laugh this we cal merinesse wherwith we with some discontentment take pleasure at that which is done or sayd ridiculously of which sort are deeds or wordes vnseemely or vnmeet and yet moue no compassioÌ„ as when a man scaldeth his mouth with his pottage or an hote pie we are discoÌ„tented with the hurt yet ioye at the euent vnexpected of the partie and that we haue escaped it froÌ„ whence commeth laughter which because it exceedeth the mislike of the thing that hurteth bursteth out into vehemency on that side and procureth that merie gesture If on the other side the thing besuch as the mislike excedeth the ioy we haue of our freedome from that euill then riseth pity and compassion and these perturbations take their beginninges of the primitiues vnequally mixed whereby one of them doth after a sorte obscure the other The other are such as haue equall mixture and those are enuie and ielosie If the thing we loue be such as we haue not part of then springeth an hate or mislike of the partie who enioyeth that we want and like of and so breedeth enuy a griefe for the prosperity of another or good successe whatsoeuer wherein we haue no part If it be such benefit as we enioy and are grieued it should be communicated with other and wherein we refuse a partener that is called ielousie and is seene manifest in such as at amorously affected or of aspiring natures and these are compounded of the primitiues alone like or mislike loue or hate Those which are mixed of primitiues or deriuatiues are of two sortes according as the primitiues that is to say mixed of loue or hate Nowe loue mixed with hope breedeth trust with loue and feare distrust Hate or mislike compounded with hope breedeth anger whereby we are displeased with that misliketh vs and by hope of being satisfied of that that offered the dislike are driuen to anger the affection of reuenge If it be any thing wherein we haue displeased our selues with it is called shame if it be compounded with feare it is called bashfulnesse if the mislike be taken from another the composition is of hate and anger and thereof springeth malice Thus haue you the perturbations compounded of primitiue passions with their deriuatiues Of deriuatiues betwixt them selues arise dispaire and confident assurance Dispaire is compounded of heauinesse griefe and feare the other of ioy and hope thus haue you after my minde the perturbations raunged into their seuerall classes to the ende the affinitie of cause and effect if any be betwixt them and the humours may more easily appeare if none be as in deed there is none then the contrarie truth may with greater euidence approue it selfe vnto your iudgement For loue or liking hate or mislike being but two primitiue passions howe may we with reason referre them to the humours which are foure and if the perturbations should rise of humour then should they aunswer ech other neither mo nor fewer and as the one is compound primitiue and deriuatiue so should the humours be at the instant of those passions which is impossible or if they be not at the instant mixed but before the hart should not lye indifferent to all passions and the mixture being once made by what meanes should they be againe vnmixed Againe if they rise of humour then should those parts wherein humours most abound be instruments of passions and so the gall of anger and the splene of sadnesse and not the hart which is the seate of all those affectioÌ„s which we call perturbations from which both of those partes are parted by the midriffe But you will say these affections rise of the temper of the hart and that temper of the humour Not so for either the affections rise of the frame alone of the hart or else at the least ioyned with the temper nowe the humours haue so small force in making temper and framing the complexion that them selues are all therof framed the spirits applying the temper of the organical parts to that businesse Touching the frame of the hart such as haue bin most couragious haue it of substance firme compact and of qualitie moderate the poores neither ouerlarge nor narowe in which points the temper and complexion hath no vse but the frame alone Againe these passions being wrought of the heart by a certaine enlarging of it selfe if it be pleased and closing if it be contrarily affected which be actions not of complexion but of frame shape make sufficient proofe against the complexion in this parte which only beareth it self affected to that which it toucheth altering it if it be of victualls into humours and the humours into the substance of the body which it indueth with the same complexion Againe it fareth oft times that this or that humour aboundeth by disordered diet yet the complexion all one neither purgations of humour alter complexion a fixed thing ingenerate by nature not ouerthrown but by some venimous qualitie direct opposit against it or long custome of other disorder whereby nature is supplanted in time growing in acquaintaÌ„ce with which first is misliked is ouermatched with a counterfet nature gotten by vse of that otherwise is vnnaturall These points might be more at large layed open if it were necessarie or they did not withdraw from the purpose I haue in hand to rest more vppon them But how then cometh it to passe that melancholicke persons are more sad then other cholericke more angrie c. if these humoures beare no sway herein For answer of which question you are to vnderstand that both ioye and sadnesse are of two sorts as also the rest springing from them the one is naturall rising vpon an outward accasion if the bodie be well tempered and faultles in his instruments and the obiect made no greater nor lesse then it is in deed and the hart aunswer proportionally therunto the other is vnnaturall and disordered rising either of no outward occasion but from inward delusion or else such as are by fault of the report of the senses or euil disposition of the hart otherwise taken then the obiect requireth In this second kind the humours seeme to haue greatest rule which whether they haue so as causes or not in what respect they entermeddle I wil now make plaine vnto you Of the first sort of perturbations naturall and rising vppon euident occasion I neede stand lesse vpon seing as the hart is by outward causes moued so is it neither more affected of this humour then of that neither can there be any such sudden separation of humours be wrought in the bodie whereby through anger choler should disioyne him selfe from his fellow humours and possesse the hart or melancholie in causes of griefe sorowe or feare especially an humour of grosse earthy partes as it were the very lies of the rest of the bloud Againe it were verie contrarie to reason to

consideration Touching the first of the two latter how the affection is moued for weeping I take it necessarie the passion be not very extreame nor of the highest degree of sorow neither so light and geÌ„tle that the obiect be contemned For the first if the perturbation be too extreame and as it were rauisheth the conceite and astonieth the heart then teares being ordinary and naturall to a kinde of mediocritie of that passion are not affoorded to an extraordinary affection euen as a ioy suddaine and rare taketh away for the present the signification of reioycing and turneth the comforte which should be receiued into an admiration in steade of mirth and cheare so in greate extremity offeare and heauines sorow being conuerted into an astonishment the senses rauished and the benuÌ„med therewith the teares are dryed vp or stayed being effectes of ordinary and of naturall passion and others more straunger come in place as voydaunce of vrine ordure For as cold in a kinde of degree moueth sense and the same extreame becommeth and taketh it quite away and as exceeding brightnes blindeth or at the least dazeleth the sight aswell as darknes obscureth the obiect so an occasion of feare being beyond ordinary coÌ„passe of naturall passion seemeth to the heart vnderstanding of another sort then whereat to sorow or teares belong and the tokens of ordinarie affection are due which flow not by reason through that greate perturbation nature is wholly violated and keepeth no course of accustomed order or because such is the flight of nature from that which she so abhorreth that hiding her self in her owne ceÌ„ter she draweth with her those humidities which easily follow with the spirites and blood and are not seperable for vsuall excretion besides that contraction of her poores whereby the effluxe of teares is hindered this in my opinion is the cause why extremity of terror or heauines refraineth teares especially if a fright haue gone before which is of greatest force to make this perturbation and to shut vp the poores of our bodies This appeareth in such as are scarred whose haire seemeth to stand vpright stiffe through that contraction So then the same cause of passion in kind differing by degrees both dolorous full of calamity nowe causeth abundance of weeping gusheth out into brookes of teares and anon dricth them al vp through destruction of the minde and stupiditye as it were of the hearte as though the cause of morning were altogether remoued If you do require example in the selfe same person of weeping and refraining from teares in the same kind of obiect yet differing in degree that is most singuler which is reported by Aristotle in the second booke of his thetoricke out of Herodotus of Amasis king of Aegypt We are moued with compassion only sayeth he at the affliction of such familiars as are not very nighly knitte vnto vs either by acquaintance or affinitie and of the calamitie of diuerse most deere friends or allies we haue not compassion but we are affected with their hurte as with our owne wherfore it is reported of Amasis that although he did not weepe for his sonne whome he sawe led to be put to death yet at the calamitie of his friende Philippus he shed teares for that which in his friend was pityfull shewed in his sonne horrible and terrible to behold now terror chaseth away swalloweth vp alcoÌ„passion Which history of Amasis maketh cleere al doubt in this point and confirmeth that which we propound by the reason of one of the most grauest philosophers As this ouer vehement feare dryeth vp these springes of teares or shutteth vp the passages that no way is giuen for them to distill so the cause being light and not greately vrging the heart nature vseth not to make such shew of sorow so that at small matters or so taken no man vseth to weepe Children for want of vnderstanding in a manner weepe at all occasions of offence alike which tyme and age afterward correcteth Thus then in my opinion the affection is to be disposed for weeping euen in a meane betwixt that light regard of perill or calamitie wherewith no man is moued to teares and that vehement extremitie which ingendreth amazednes and astonishment wherewith nature either is benummed as it were and dazeled with the extremitie of passion and neglecteth her ordinarie signification of sorow in a case so farre extraordinarie or else so farre withdraweth her selfe into the center of the bodie with her spirite blood and humiditie and closeth vp her poores so straightly that neither matter of teares is readie nor passage free for them to distill by For the naturall passages and such as depend not vpon voluntarie opening or shutting as of the bladder stoole so farre only are open as they be distended and filled with blood humour spirite which being withdrawen as in a dead bodie they close together like an empty bagge But why theÌ„ say you do some make vrine for feare and why doth not nature withold it aswell as teares being a kinde of excremeÌ„t not much vnlike The reafon is readie such retention as is performed by muscle animall faculty descending from the brayne by sinues is of another sorte then that which is accomplished by astriction of poore againe such excrementes as are already congregated into a place of recept from whence they are to be voided out of the body hereafter are not of like coÌ„dition with that which hath as yet no seperatioÌ„ For the first pointe the bladder as also the fundament haue ech of them a certaine round muscle which hath power of opening and closing within it self which opening way is giuen to the excrement that of it selfe finding passage issueth out of the bodie or without opening and it be a liquid excrement as vrine is if the muscle shutt not close or retentiue feebled it voydeth also though not so plentifully as being full open Now in feares that exceede the spirites influent into that muscle as al are such that pertaine to sence and motion are caled backe as I haue before declared to their proper fountaines and so it being left destitute receiueth a kinde of paraliticall disposition for the time and fayleth in his office which is the cause of such vnuoluntary excretion Now if you consider remember how the vrine passeth from the kideneys by those loÌ„g vessels you shall well perceiue there can be no refluxe backward though it be forced for they disceÌ„d not directly opening theÌ„selues as a touch hole into a gune but sloplings betwixt the substance of the bladder with certaine slender and thinne skinnes which immediatly after the entraunce of the humour close vp in such sort as the fuller the bladder is the firmer is their hold as you may see in the leather clacke of a paire of bellowes experience hereof is made manifest in a bladder which being blowen retaineth the aire and suffereth not to vent though it haue enterances such as I haue

then a childe is able sufficiently to way downe by his strength of hand a smithes bellow that is forced by poyces to finish that which streÌ„gth would perform at once Neither is the speach interrupted and broken only by the disorderly expiratioÌ„ but the inspiratioÌ„ being by sobs cutteth also the voyce marreth the distinct pronuÌ„tiatioÌ„ the cause whereof as also of sighing I will deliuer vnto you in the next chapter Thus you haue sobbing excepted the reasons of all the partes of weeping so farre as my coniecture by reason in matters so hidden can gather I will proceede to the causes of sighing and sobbing and how they be procured and by what meanes and so finish the whole mournefull gesture of weeping CHAP. XXVII The causes of sobbing and sighing and how weeping easeth the heart BEsides the former actioÌ„s of sorow weping is for the most part accompanied if it be vehement with sobbes and sighes of which two sobbing is neuer without weeping sighes are ordinarie and common vppon causes that force no teares as euery one hath experieÌ„ce For vnderstanding of the causes of sobbes it is necessarie for you to call to minde that which hath bin said of the vse of the Diaphragma or midriffe and the outward intercostalls or outward muscles betwixt the ribbes and the manner how the hearte is affected in griefe and sorrowe The dilating of Diaphragma is to enlarge the chest for taking breath This is onely required if we be not more theÌ„ ordinarilie vrged to breath which if we be then doe the outwarde muscles of the ribbes dilate the chest also and so encrease the inlargement Now when matter of griefe inforceth teares the Diaphragme and the muscles receiue a weakenes by reason of retraction of spirites that they are faine for the dilatation of the chest to make mo pulls then one as you heard before in the motion of contraction so that the breath is not drawen at one straining of their coares and fibers but by diuers inspiration besides the heat of those partes being retracted maketh them lesse plyable vnto the force of the muscles whereby the respiration is with more difficultie perfoormed which requireth more vse of dilatation then before by reason the heate about the heart it selfe is now greater then before the passion which bringeth thereto a kind of suffocation That cooling of the heart which is sensibly felt by suddaine euill tydinges or mishappe vnlooked for or whatsoeuer new calamitie riseth through accesse of the blood and spirits which although they be hote yet wanting somewhat of that heate which is ferueÌ„t and naturall to the heart and of the heat of those spirites which are resident there for the time seemeth to coole in comparison of the heat which the heart felt before as a maÌ„ would cast hote water to that which boyleth most feruently which although it be hote yet inferiour in degree to the heate of feruentnes it mitigateth the scalding heate and slaketh the boyling In like manner at the first recourse of these humours and raunging spirites although the heart seeme to receiue a chilling yet anone by contraction and plenty of spirites which are apt to take heat it receiueth a greater necessitie of breathing which being not aunswered through imbecillitie of the breathing parts dischargeth the office of respiration by sobbes which should be persormed by one draught of breath And these I take to be the causes of sobbing Sighing hath no other cause of mouing then to coole and refresh the hearte with fresh breath and pure aire which is the nourishment and foode of the vitall spirites besides the cooling which the heart it selfe receiueth thereby The heart being contracted as hath bene said deliuereth not so freely his sootie and smokie excrementes whereby the spirites become impure and it boyleth with more distemper which necessitie of fresh spirite and coole ayre enforceth a deeper enlargement of the chest then is ordinarie in which not only the midriffe playeth his parte but outward intercostalls or middle muscles of the ribbes besides certaine of the shoulders doe their indeuour to this so necessary an office Moreouer it is very probable that the midriffe by accesse of humours and vapours to the partes there about is charged with vaperous superfluitie which is by stretching it selfe as in yawning auoyded when the muscles are distended by any vapour of what sort soeuer it be of being plentifull and aboundant it stirreth them to a contraction which causeth a kinde of pressing wherby they deliuer themselues of this excrement This in yawning causeth that gaping sometimes accompanied with streaking when we finde our selues vnlustie and vndisposed to stirre or exercise which falling to the midriffe may cause a kinde of sighing when a man hath no cause as hauing cause it helpeth it foreward For whosoeuer yawneth shall perceiue his chest and midriffe dilated in such manner as in sighing feele about the heart a kinde of refreshing euen as when he sigheth To these causes may be added the weight of the hart which is by reason of the accesse of humours about his vaynes and arteries to his contraction increased whereby it lyeth more heauily vpon the midriffe then before the burthen whereof it seeketh to ease it self of by such streitching which somewhat lifteth vp the hearte for the time and so the Diaphragma is recoÌ„forted so that the necessity of fresh aire the cooling of the hearte the easing of the burthen therof vpoÌ„ the midriffe the auoiding of vaporous excrements out of the midriffe seeme to me causes final the midriffes dilatatioÌ„ whose motion the whole chest followeth the efficient cause of sobing sighing And thus much coÌ„cerning the two dolorous actions of sighing sobbing whereto after I haue added how it easeth the heart to weepe sobbe I will end this chapter By reason of the withdrawing of the blood spirites about the heart in feare and sorow it is necessary that much vapour should arise stirred vp by the heat therof working vpoÌ„ the moisture these vapours besides the ordinarie excrements of the brayne before mentioned may yeeld another parte vnto teares being congeled in the brayne and vpper partes that are thicke coole membranous inclosed with the skull and placed ouer the rest as a stillitorie helme ouer the bodie Now weeping by making auoydaÌ„ce to these vapours doth discharge that fulnes wherewith it was before strayned and oppressed These vapours cause that rednes in the cheekes and about the eares of those that weepe heateth the face and causeth the head to ake whereof the heart being eased receiueth a farther enlargement then at the beginning of the griefe and so enioyeth that small comfort which weeping affoordeth It may seeme probable that the sobbing and sighing differing onely in that sobbes are sighinges interrupted and sighes sobbes at large if they be not vehement and long by agitation of the chest expelling of the smothered vapours and drawing in of fresh aire geue also some comfort if they be vehement then shake

A TREATISE OF MELANCHOLIE CONTAINING THE CAVSES thereof reasons of the strange effects it worketh in our minds and bodies with the phisicke cure and spirituall consolation for such as haue thereto adioyned an afflicted conscience The difference betwixt it and melancholie with diuerse philosophicall discourses touching actions and affections of soule spirit and body the particulars whereof are to be seene before the booke By T. Bright Doctor of Phisicke ANCHORA SPEI Imprinted at London by Thomas Vautrollier dwelling in the Black-Friers 1586. TO THE RIGHT VVORSHIPFVL M. PETER OSBOVRNE c. OF all other practise of phisick that parte most coÌ„mendeth the excelleÌ„cy of the noble facultie which not only releeueth the bodily infirmity but after a sort euen also correcteth the infirmities of the mind For the instrument of reason the braine being either not of well tempered substance or disordered in his parts all exercise of wisedome is hindred and where once vnderstanding lodged wit memorie quick conceit kept residence and the excellencie of man appeareth aboue all other creatures there vnconsiderate iudgement simplicitie foolishnes make their seat and as it were dispossessing reason of her watch tower subiecteth the nature of man vnto the annoyance of infinite calamities that force vpoÌ„ vs in the course of this fraile life baseth it farre vnder the condition of brute beasts The heart the seate of affection and neither immoderate in temper nor in figure or quantitie otherwise disposed then is expedient for good action the seate of temperancie of iustice of fortitude and liberalitie dayly practice of phisicke sheweth how much it is disposed and framed to mediocritie of affection wherin vertue consisteth by such meanes as nature ministreth the phisitian hir great steward according to her will dispenseth where need requireth in so much that what reason bringeth to passe by perswasion and counsell that medicine and other helpes of that kinde seeme to worke by instinct of nature The dayly experience of phrensies madnesse lunasies and melancholy cured by this heauenly gift of God make manifest demonstration hereof The notable fruit successe of which art in that kinde hath caused some to iudge more basely of the soule then agreeth with pietie or nature haue accompted all maner affection thereof to be subiect to the phisicians haÌ„d not considering herein any thing diuine and aboue the ordinarie euents and naturall course of thinges but haue esteemed the vertues theÌ„ selues yea religion no other thing but as the body hath ben tempered and on the other side vice prophanenesse neglect of religion and honestie to haue bene nought else but a fault of humour For correcting the iudgemeÌ„t of such as so greatly mistake the matter and partly for the vse of many that may neede instruction and counsel in the state of melancholy affection of braine and hart wold haue both to satisfie their owne doubts and to answer the prophane obiections of others I haue taken this paines to confute the absurde errour of the one to satisfie the reasonable and modest inquiry of the other that seek to be enformed I haue layd open howe the bodie and corporall things affect the soule how the body is affected of it againe what the difference is betwixt natural melancholie and that heauy hande of God vpon the afflicted conscience tormented with remorse of sinne feare of his iudgement with a Christian resolutioÌ„ according to my skill for such as faint vnder that heauie burthen And that I might to the vttermost of my endeuor as other businesse wold permit me comfort theÌ„ in that estate most comfortles I haue added mine aduise of phisicke helpe what diet what medicine and what other remedie is meete for persons oppressed with melancholie feare that kind of heauinesse of hart I haue enterlaced my treatise besides with disputes of Philosophie that the learned sort of them and such as are of quicke conceit delited in discourse of reason in naturall things may find to passe their time with and knowe the grounds and reasons of their passions without which they might receaue more discomfort and greater cause of error This I haue deliuered in a simple phrase without any cost or port of words to a supposed frend M. not ignorant of good letters that the discourse might be more familiar then if it had caried other direction it otherwise would be Chaunge the letter and it is indifferent to whome soeuer standeth in need or shal make vse thereof I write it in our mother tong that the benefit how small soeuer it be might be more common as the practise of all auncient philosophers hath ben to write in their owne language their precepts whether concerning nature or touching maners of life to the end their countrey men might reape the benefite with more ease and seeke rather for sound iudgement of vnderstanding then for vaine ostentation of strange tongs which is also after a sort followed in translations so I tooke it meetest to impart these fewe poyntes of philosophie phisicke in English to the end our people as other natioÌ„s do might acquaint them selues with some part of this kinde rather then with other friuolous discourses neither profitable to vse nor delectable to the vertuous and well disposed minde This my slender endeuour I dedicate to your name right worshipfull M. Osbourne to whom besides I am particularly beholdinge your good fauouring of vertue and learning in certaine of my acquaintance of the best marke hath moued me to geue this signification howe readie learning is to honor her fauorers she hath many daughters and they be all knit in loue betwixt theÌ„ there is neither enuie nor iealousie where one is honored and receiueth entertainment there all congratulate without detraction and euen as in a darke night one star breaking out of a thicke cloude though it be but small deliuereth a farre more cheerfull and comfortable light then if it shone with many in a cleere euening so this vertue hath the more grace beauty in you insomuch as almost all such planets haue a long time either bene whollie eclipsed or quite falleÌ„ out of their spheres to the great discoÌ„forte of such as trauaile in this kinde of night workes and busie theÌ„ selues at the lamps and are carefull to vpholde with perplexed studie the society of mankinde by learning and instruction There be a fewe that shine with you their honor grounded vpoÌ„ vertue shal staÌ„d for euer the Muses and the Charites haue their names in perpetuall record and I a seruant of theirs in their names performe this duetie vnto you in this sorte as I haue declared Fare you well from litle S. Bartlemewes by Smithfield the 23 of May. 1586. A louer of your vertue T. Bright TO HIS MELANcholicke friend M. ALTHOVGH deare M. your letter full of heauines and vncomfortable plaintes hath in such sort affected me that as it faireth vvith a true harted friend your affliction dravveth me into

most motion as of the leggs yeeld more melancholie then partes which haue more rest Of the inwardes the milt is altogether melancholicke so the kidneyes the liuer the heart and with them all the carnels Bloud is melancholicke and whatsoeuer dish thereof is made Nowe all nourishments taken from the earth are either beastes or foule Of beasts these are of melancholike persons to be eschewed porke except it be yong and a litle corned with salt beefe ramme mutton goate bores flesh veneson neither is mutton of anie sort greatly commended of Galen Of foule some be water foule and some land The water foule are not of melancholicke persons to be tasted except the goosewings The land foule which are melancholicke are these feldfares thrushes sparowes martins turtles ringdoues quailes plouers peacockes c. and these haue you to eschew of nourishments of the earth Those of the water are fish either of the salt water and sea or of the fresh water Such as are of the sea are either of the monsters of the sea or such as more properly are to be called fish The moÌ„sters are ceals purposes such like which all breed vnwholesome melancholicke nourishment The fish of the sea are either shell fish or destitute of such defence Of shell fish some are of harder shels as oysters periwincks muscles cockles such like of which ranke the oyster carieth with it least suspition of melancholy The softer shell or crustie are cray fish the crab the lobster the puÌ„ger such of the riuers like to these c. which all neede not to be excepted vnto you in order of your diet Such sea fish as carie no armor of shels are ether those that haunt the rocks or other parts of the sea The rocke fishes are most apt of all maner sea fish for melancholicke persons as the gilthead the whiting the sea perch c. Such as haunt other places are either keepers of the depth or aprochers nigh the sand shore Of such as keepe the depth either they haue the pooles or other places of the depth Of the poole fishes I remember not any greatly to be auoyded in choyce of your diet Of such as frequent other places of the depth these are melancholicke the dragon of the sea in forme like an eyle the cuckoe ling anie salt fish thornbacke and skate Of such as approch the shore I knowe none greatly to be auoyded Fresh water fish and of the riuer the lampray and the tench haue most plentie of melancholie And these are nourishments taken from the parts of the animals now their works are either excrements superfluities of their humors or other kinds of workes Of the first sort are milke from the beast and egges from the foule which the spawne of fish in a maner resembleth milke and what soeuer is made thereof is to be eschewed of melaneholie persons as cheese curdes c. the spaunes as roes of hearinges are to be eschued of you as nourishment of melancholie else I take none of that sort greatly to be feared in that respect Of other works of animals then excrements we feed only of honie which hath no melancholy dispositioÌ„ at al. Of drinks eschue red wine and what soeuer liquor beare ale or cider is not cleere well fined as also if it be tart and sower Hitherto haue you hearde of nourishmentes which of their owne nature are to be eschued nowe of those that by some accident and not of them selues are melancholicke as if they be too olde and verie leane or be long kept or ouer much salted whereby they become the drier and harder you are to refuse them Likewise if in the dressing of the nourishment it be ouermuch baked or rosted it is to be eschued To these belong salt fishe beefe and bacon and redde hearringes hard cheese and old Of drinkes newe wine beare or ale and on the contrarie part ouer stale and sower are to be eschued and of sauces those that be sharpe as veriuyce aliger or beareger vineger are chieflie to be auoided of melancholicke persons Thus do you vnderstand howe to vse your choice in meates and drinks and what to shunne as breeders of this thicke blacke and melancholicke humour Besides these the aire thicke and grosse is sit to entertaine this humor so that fumie marrish mislie and lowe habitations are hurtfull to persons disposed to melancholie likewise if it be dimme dark Wherfore the houses habitations of that sort are most vnmeete for such persons These hitherto are all such outward things melancholick whatsoeuer else breedeth melaÌ„cholie is a disorderly behauiour of our owne parts in such actioÌ„s as belonge to the gouernement of our health This behauiour is either in actions of motion or in order and manner of rest Our motion is either of mind or bodie Of actions of the minde ouer vehement studies and sadde passions do alter good nourishmentes into a melancholicke qualitie by wasting the pure Spirites and the subtillest parte of the blood and thereby leauing the rest grosse and thicke In like sorte do exercises either wholly intermitted or turned into an excessiue labour and wearying of the bodie the one causing the blood to be thicke through setling and the other by spending the bodie ouermuch drying it excessiuely Such also as giue themselues to inordinate sleepe therby further the encrease of melancholicke humours And these are all the causes whereby the matter of that humour is supplyed and the blood being of it selfe good is altered into that iuice whereof you complaine of abundance Now if to these you adde a nature of it selfe disposed thereto a splene not able either for feeblenes or obstruction to purge the blood of superfluitie of that iuyce then haue you all that may be said of the causes of this humour keeping within the compasse of nourishment CHAP. VII Of melancholicke excrementes THE melancholicke excrement is bredde of melancholie iuyce drawen of the milte out of the liuer by a braunch of the porte vayne wherewith being nourished it reiecteth the rest as meere excrementall and voydeth parte into the mouth of the stomach to prouoke appetite and hunger and passeth the other parte in some persones by hemerode vaynes into the siege It aboundeth there when it is hindered of such passage as nature requireth or else by feeblenes of the parte it is not able either to suck the melancholie from the blood or discharge it self into those passages which nature hath therto ordained This member of the whole bodie is the grossest and euill fauouredst to be held blacke of colour and euill sauorie of taste and giueth a manifest experience of natures desire alwayes to couet that whereto it is most like and so faireth the splene better with those muddy dreggs then it would with purer and finer blood which if it should be offered to other parts they would abstaine except great want forced them to take anie parte thereof These are the causes of

internall conceite take this withall that the conceite is taken from an external obiect together with a disposed parte thereunto which so soone as it is perfected to the vse the minde being alwayes occupied and in continuall motion employeth that also whereunto naturally it is bent The obiection rising from custome of life in saylers butchers and ploughmeÌ„ receiueth the same answere For their instruments of action through continuall practise of such artes maketh them in common sense imagination and affection to deliuer thinges vnto the minde after an impure sort alwayes sauouring of their ordinary trade of life This is that putteth of butchers from iuries and iudgemeÌ„ts of life and death amongest men who although they know there is difference betwixt man and beast the cause of the one and the vse of the other the giltles prisoner and the innocent lamb yet they being accustomed with slaughter the difference is not so sincerely taken and the affection not indifferent in such a case and therefore from such capitall causes they are remoued The mariner as the Europians are more rough bold hardie inconstant theÌ„ the Asians through inconstancy of the aire and tempestiousnes of the regions so the incertainty of the weather and stormie seas with custome of daunger maketh them more rough bold and hastie then they which be of other trade of life and their businesse on firme land euery action in respect and comparison of due consideration is either winde tide or teÌ„pest the ancher saile or steirne euery displeasure a storme and euery contentment a calme euen as a man that hath trauelled all the day on horsebacke or sailed on the sea though he be laid on his bed yet keepeth animagination of trauell still his body fairing after a sort as though it were on horsebacke or yet embarked iudgeth not so lightly of rest by reason of the former inured trauell so these men through their kind of life either by false representatioÌ„s of such obiects or imperfect mixed report offer things to the mind otherwise then they are indeed and receiue iudgement of them thereafter whereto their affections answering they take things in farre other part then they shold or the nature of the cause requireth Now the region or habitation being as it were aparant vnto vs ministring breath and foode no maruell if our bodies be affected thereafter so the actions varie as the child of the parentes in one sort or other carieth the resemblaunce the facultie being all one and keeping the same state while the instrumeÌ„ts stand to such hazard as outward thinges either by region diet custome of life or else whatsoeuer doth threaten and bring vpon vs. Most of all hath region this force not onely in that we feede as the soyle affordeth but because the aire whereof the spirits of our bodies are repaired besides that which riseth of the internall spirit of aliment is continually drunke in vs and passeth into all the secrets of our intrailes stirreth our humours and diuersly affecteth all our organical partes as the aire and soile drie open barren maketh the bodies firme hard and compact and the spirits pure subtile wherby what action soeuer is to be performed of them is more quicke nimble and prompt especially if nourishmeÌ„t be proportionall then of people of contrary habitation Of all the former obiections the humors of our bodies seeme most to vrge chalenge interest in disposing of the mind both in respect of those accidents we see persons fall into ouercharged with them as also because commonly the affections of the hart as ioy sadnesse delight displeasure hope feare or whatsoeuer else of them is mixed among the perturbations commonly are all to them ascribed which because it most concerneth the chiefe drift of this discourse of melancholy I will more stand vpon and afford it a more copious answer CHAP. XV. VVhether the perturbations rise of the humour or not THE perturbations are taken commonlie to rise of melancholy choler bloud or fleume so that men of hastie disposition we call cholericke of sad melancholicke of heauie and dull flegmaticke of merie and chearfull sanguine and not onely the common opinion so taketh it but these affections are accompted of the Phisitians for tokens of such coÌ„plexions such humours raigning in the bodie Let vs consider therfore whether the truth be as they hold it perturbations haue no other fountaine theÌ„ these humours What these humours are we haue sufficiently declared and how they are ingendred the vse of them is to nourish the parts of the bodie and to repaire the continuall expence therof through trauelles of this life besides that which the naturall heat continually consumeth The perturbations thus moue vs disturbe our counsels disquiet our bodies on this sort First occasion riseth from outward things wherin we either take pleasure or wherewith we are offended this obiect is caried to the internall senses from the outward which if it be a matter sensuall onely the minde vseth to impart it to the hart by the organicall internall senses which with ioy embraceth it or with indignation and mislike refuseth it if of such points as it selfe liketh without their helpe it giueth knowledge thereof to the hart by the spirits which either embraceth the same impelled by the minds willing or reiecteth it with mislike and hatred according to her nilling But before I proceed further in this Chapter it shall be necessarie to declare vnto you all the sortes of perturbations which being distinguished vnto classes or proper families shall deliuer great light vnto vs both in laying open their natures and also compared with the nature of the humours make more cleare demonstration what likelihoode they carie to be effects of such causes as the humours are All perturbations are either simple or coÌ„pounded of the simple Simple are such as haue no mixture of any other perturbation and those are either primitiue and first or deriuatiue and drawne from them The primitiues haue like or dislike properties vnto theÌ„ Loue hate are the first kinds and primitiues of the rest loue being a vehement liking and hate a vehement affection of disliking from these springe all the deriuatiues which arise either from loue or hate like or dislike From loue and liking of a present good springeth ioy and reioycing if it be to come hope entertaineth the hart with expectation From dislike and hate if the thing be euill as the other good in deede or in apparance it skilleth not and present riseth heauinesse of hart and disposition of sadnesse if it be a future euill feare riseth froÌ„ the mislike of hate these I take to be all the simple perturbations The compound are such as haue part of the simple by mixture and that either of the primitiues with simple ones only or mixed with deriuatiues Such are mixed with primitiues onely are either mixed vnequally of loue and liking or of mislike hate or equally of theÌ„ both Of the first

partes of the body of which the humours are neither and so vtterly secluded of nature from any peculiar actioÌ„ to any vse of the body For that they are said to nourish it signifieth only a passiue disposition by which through our nourishing power they receiue the Character of our nature and are altered into the substance of the same they themselues giuing ouer their priuate actioÌ„ and submitting to the naturall concoctiue vertue which destroyeth all particularities of nourishment and bringeth them to that vniformity which our nature requireth Then while the body is in health the humors beare no sway of priuate action but it being once altered and they euill disposed and breaking from that regiment whereunto they should be subiect are so farre of from subiection to the disposition of our bodies and strength of our partes that they oppresse them and as it appeareth in simptomaticall euentes in sicknes dispise that gouernment wherto by natures law they stand bound Thus then I hold humours to be occasions of disorderly perturbations euen as they are meanes of deprauing the instrument of perturbation and turning it otherwise then nature hath disposed whose gouernment when it hath shaken of it affecteth vs two maner of wayes the one by the corporall substance whereby it annoyeth the corporall masse of bodies and complexion and breaketh out into soares Emposthumes or other such anoyances the other by a spirit which it possesseth either contrary altogether or diuerse at the least from ours wherewith many wayes it disturbeth the orderly actions weakneth the vigor of the same now both by substance and by spirite it altereth complexion where it preuaileth and thereby giueth greatest stroake to the organicall members Then seing all actions are performed both by spirite and corporall instrument and the humours exceeding the gouernment of nature and withdrawing themselues from subiection thereof affect vs both wayes spirite against spirite and corporall substance against his like we are to coÌ„sider how by these two meanes our actions suffer through their disorder and where their operation taketh most place in working such phantastical perturbations wherewith we are deluded Of all partes of the body in ech perturbation two are cheifly affected first the brayne that both apprehendeth the offensiue or pleasaunt obiect iudgeth of the same in like sort and communicateth it with the harte which is the second part affected these being troubled carie with them all the rest of the partes into a simpathy they of all the rest being in respect of affection of most importance The humours then to worke these effectes which approch nigh to naturall perturbations grounded vpon iust occasion of necessity alter either brayne or hart if the brayne be altered and the obiect not rightly apprehended then is it deliuered otherwise then it standeth in nature and so the hart moued to a disorderly passion Againe though the brayne be without faulte and report delyuered to the hart sincerely yet that being distempered or altered in coÌ„plexion by faulte of humour doth not aunswere in affection as the obiect requireth but more or lesse as the distemper misleadeth if both partes be ouercharged of humour the apprehension affection both are corrupted and misse of their right action and so all thinges mistaken ingender that confused spirite and those stormes of outragious loue hatred hope or feare wherewith bodies so passionate are here and there tossed with disquiet Now particularly the spirite of the humour being subtiler thinner and hoter then is meete maketh the apprehension quicker then it should be and the discretion more hasty then is meete for the vpright deliuery to the hart what to embrace or to refuse this causeth pronenes to anger when we are offended without cause commonly called teastines and frowardnes If the humour also with his spirite possesse the brayne then are these passions of longer continuance humour being of a more sollid nature then the spirite and so not easily dispersed which causeth fittes of such passioÌ„s to be of longer continuance and thus the hart may be abused from the brayne not much vnlike as it falleth often out in communication of speach amongest vs a man of hasty disposition ready to aunswere and quick witted will make reply to that which should be said before the tale be halfe told whereby he faileth in his replication and aunswereth from the purpose which if he had bene first assured wherto to reply he should not haue missed This appeareth plaine in Cholericke persons or such as are disposed to anger such are offended where they haue no cause in truth but by mistaking and where they haue cause the vehemency of the apprehension and the suddeÌ„nes of the report from the brayne vnto the seate of perturbation inforceth double the passion especially when the hart is as flexible as the brayne is light then raungeth it into all extremity This commeth to passe not by any power of anger in the Cholerick humour but by reason the instrumentes are misordered either by vapour rising from that humour or the very substance of the same They are disordered in this sort through Choler The naturall spirit and complexioÌ„ of these partes become subtiler thinner and quicker proner to action then of their natures they should be through the heat which riseth of Choler and his spirit intermixed with ours by this mobility of vapour our spirit of a quieter and more stable disposition is either made more rare then is expedient for the vse of our bodies or else striuing as it were to subdue this bastard spirite and vnwelcome ghest can not giue that attendance vpon his proper duety which naturally it should and so the actions thereupon rise depraued and hauing wherwith it is encumbred within admitteth the cause of displeasure more easily which riseth abroad being an additioÌ„ to that which molesteth at home and these natures for the most parte are troubled with a Cholerick humour or fretting like to Choler about the mouth of the stomach which is of all the inward partes of quickest sense and feeling This causeth them especially fasting before the humour be mitigated and delayed with nourishment to be most prone to that angry passion The teasty waywardnes of sick persons such as are vexed with payne or feauer wherby the humors of the body become more fell maketh euident proofe hereof We see how small matters put them out of patience euery thing offendeth whereas in health the same occasions would litle or nothing moue The reason is because they measure all outward accidents by that they finde of discontentment within not that the humor that discontenteth is any instrument of passion or carieth with it faculty to be displeased but because it disquieteth the body and giueth discontentment to nature it is occasion why displeasures are made great and where there is no cause nature troubled within faireth as greatly displeased with that which outwardly should not displease the griefe within being added to an indiffereÌ„t thing without and drawing

according as the cause committed to them doth require The memory being thus fraight with perills past and embracing only through the braynes disorder that which is of discomforte causeth the fantasie out of such recordes to forge new matters of sadnes and feare whereof no occasion was at any time before nor like to be giuen hereafter to these fansies the hart answering with like melancholicke affection turneth all hope into feare assurance into distrust and dispaire ioye into discomforte and as the melancholie nature or bodie any waie corrupt defileth the pure and holesome nourishment conuerteth it into the same kinde of impuritie and as the fire of all kinde of matter giueth increase of heate whether it be wood stone metal or liquor so the body thus possessed with the vnchearefull and discomfortable darknes of melaÌ„cholie obscureth the Sonne and Moone and all the comfortable planetts of our natures in such sort that if they appeare they appeare all darke and more then halfe eclipsed of this mist of blackenes rising from that hidious lake and in all thinges comfortable either curiously pryeth out and snatcheth at whatsoeuer of mislike may be drawen to the nourishment of it selfe or else neglecteth altogether that which is of other qualitie then foode and pasture of those monsters which nature neuer bred nor perfect since conceiued nor memorie vncorrupt would euer allow entertainement but are hatched out of this muddie humour by an vnnaturall temper bastard spirite to the disorder of the whole regiment of humane nature both in iudgement and affection Thus the hart a while being acquainted with nothing else but domestical terror feareth euery thing and the brayne simpathetically partaking with the hartes feare maketh doubt distrusteth suspecteth without cause alwayes standing in awe of grieuaunce wher with in time it be commeth so tender that the least touch as it were ones naile in an vlcer giueth discouragement thereto rubbing it vpon the gale exulcerate with sorow and feare neither only doubleth it sorrow vpon smal occasion but taketh it where none is offered euen as the Cholerick man feedeth his passioÌ„ with ridiculous causes of displeasure For first the generall being in al natures actions before the particular the heart by the braine solicited to passioÌ„ vsed to grief feare taketh the accustomed way of flight and auoydance abhorring fearing those thinges which of themselues are most amiable and gratefull at the first not being a duised whereto to apply the passion euen as one condemned to death with vndoubted expectation of execution fearing euerie knock at the prison doore hath horrour though the messenger of pardon with knock require to be admitted let in and euery messenger where daunger is feared though he come with cherefull countenance giueth cause of distrust when there may be assurance euen so the heart ouercome with inward heauines and skared with inward feares faireth as though whatsoeuer cause of affection and perturbation were minister of present griefe or messenger of future daunger by mistaking only and withdraweth it selfe and shroudeth it as secrete and closse as nature will suffer from that which if custome had not bent it another way vppon aduisement now banished through swiftnes and vehemeÌ„cy of passion it would haue with ioyful cheare embraced For eueÌ„ as we se in outward sense the ey or the eare long and vehemently affected with colour or sound or the nose with strong sent retaine the verie colour sound and sent in the instrumentes though the thing be remoued that yeelded such qualities so the internall senses molested continually with this fearefull obiect of internall darknes esteemeth euery thing of that nature the true qualitie thereof being obscure by that which hath taken possession of theÌ„ before The brayne thus affected and the heart answering his passion thereafter driueth vs into those extremities of heauy moode which assaile and dispossesse of right vse of reason those who are melancholickly disposed much more if the heart be as melancholickly bent as the brayne then diuerse times doth it preuent the fancie with feare and as a man transported with passioÌ„ is vtterly bereft of aduisemeÌ„t causeth the senses both outward inward preposterously to conceiue as the heart vainely feareth This melancholy as the parts are diuerse actions vary so doth it as it is seated or passeth this or that way breed diuersity of passion as in the heart a trembling in the stomach a greedy appetite in the brayne false illusions and in the other partes as they are disposed so deprauing their actions it causeth much variety of effects which are not in the nature of the humor but as it disturbeth the actiue instrumentes no more then darknes causeth some to stuÌ„ble other some to go out of their way wander other some to bringe to passe such purposes as light would bewray hinder alas they be disposed occupied which take theÌ„ to their busines in the dark not through any such effectuall operatioÌ„ of darkenes which is naught else but meere absence of light Neither doth so many straunge sortes of accidentes follow melaÌ„cholie through diuersity of parts only but as the custome of life hath bene before the fancie heart some way vehemently occupied there through this humour all the faculties afore named are carried the same way as it were with the streame of a tide driuen with a boysterous wind which causeth that melancholicke men are not all of one nature passionate this way the one taking his dolorous passion from his loue another from his wealth the other froÌ„ his pleasures whereof his melancholie beareth him in hand the present losse or imminent daunger of that wherein affection in former times had surest footing on the other part which before a man most abhorred that nowe that humor vrgeth with most vehemencie Againe as it is mixed with other humours either keeping mediocrity or abounding so likewise breaketh it forth into such diuersities manie times into plaine contrarieties of conceit and perturbation Thus you vnderstand howe feares and sorowes rise without cause from naturall melancholie whether it be iuyce or excrement not through chiefe action as from worke of facultie but by abuse of instrument through occasion If the spleneticke excrement surcharge the bodie not being purged by helpe of the splene then are these perturbations farre more outragious and harde to be mitigated by counsell or perswasion and more do they enforce vs the partes being altered with corporall humour then with spirituall vapour and so are the passions longer in continuance and more extreeme in vehemencie For as the flame carrieth not such force of burning as the cole neither contayneth the heate so longe euen so the partes affected with the humour which carrieth both grossenesse of substance with continuall supplie of that dimme vapour settleth a more fixed passion of feare and heauinesse then that which riseth from the vapour onely partly of the owne accorde more easily vanishing and partly with

greater facillitie wasted by natures strife and resistance Nowe it followeth to declare howe the other vnnaturall melancholy annoyeth with passions abuseth vs with couÌ„terfet cause of perturbation whereof there is no ground in truth but onely a vaine and fantasticall conceit CHAP. XVIII Of the vnnaturall melancholie rising dy adustion how it affecteth vs with diuerspassions BEsides the former kindes there are sortes of vnnaturall melancholie which I call so rather then the other bicause the other offendeth onely in qualitie or quantitie these are of another nature farre disagreeing from the other by an vnproper speech called melancholy They rise of the naturall humors or their excrements by excessiue disteÌ„per of heate burned as it were into ashes in comparison of humour by which the humour of like nature being mixed turneth it into a sharp lye sanguine cholericke or melancholicke according to the humour thus burned which we call by name of melancholie This sort raiseth the greatest tempest of perturbatioÌ„s and most of all destroyeth the braine with all his faculties and disposition of action and maketh both it the hart cheere more vncomfortably and if it rise of the naturall melancholy beyond all likelihood of truth frame monst ous terrors of feare and heauinesse without cause If it rise of choler then rage playeth her part and furie ioyned with madnesse putteth all out of frame If bloud minister matter to this fire euery serious thing for a time is turned into a iest tragedies into comedies and lamentation into gigges and daunces thus the passion whereof the humour min streth occasion by this vnkindly heate aduaunceth it selfe into greater extremities For becomming more subtile by heate both in substance spirit it passeth more deeply into all the parts of the instrument it selfe and is a conueyance also to the humour of the same kind making away for naturall melancholie wherewith it is mixed into the verie inward secrets of those instruments wherof passions are affected euen hart and braine Thus affected you haue men when desperate furie is ioyned with feare which so terrifieth that to auoid the terrour they attempt sometimes to depriue theÌ„ selues of life so irksome it is vnto them through these tragicall conceits although waighing and considering death by it self without comparison and force of the passion none more feare it theÌ„ they These most seeke to auoyde the society of men and betake them to wildernesses and deserts finding matter of feare in euery thing they behold and best at ease when alone they may digest these fancies without new prouocations which they apprehende in humane societie If choller haue yeelded matter to this sharpe kind of melnncholie then rage reuenge and furie possesse both hart and head and the whole bodie is caried with that storme contrarie to persuasion of reason which hath no farther power ouer these affections then by way of counsell to giue other direction whereof the hart it selfe is destitute and taking these discomfortes of the credit of the senses according thereto it applieth it selfe working and disposing the ingenerate wisedome it is indued with vnto these particulars which the corporall instruments corruptly offer vnto it which ministreth doubt and question to some not well aduised in this point whether reason it selfe be not impaired by these corporall alterations and the immortall impatible mind hereby suffreth not violeÌ„ce which is farre otherwise if we duly way the matter For the mad man of what kinde soeuer he be of as truly concludeth of that which fantasie ministreth of conceit as the wisest onely therein lieth the abuse and defect that the organicall parts which are ordained embassadours notaries vnto the mind in these cases falsifie the report and deliuer corrupt recordes This is to be helped as it shall be declared more at large hereafter by counsell only sincerely ministred which is free from the corruptions of those officers and deliuereth truth vnto the mind wherby it putteth in practise contrary to these importunate and furious sollicitors This furie is bred because choler thus adust getteth a greater egernesse of qualitie and molesting the inward parts and toyling the spirits ingendreth a greater inwarde disquiet and discontentment then cruder choler doth procure The third sort is of merie melaÌ„cholie which riseth of the bloud ouer heated in such sort as I haue declared Of all the rest of humours bloud is most temperat and mild of disposition and comforteth the bodie as hath bene mentioned whose substaunce receauing that burning heat whereof riseth the third kind of this vnnaturall melancholie procureth it to be of a nature quicke and fresh and indueth it with a spirite of a nature somewhat more itching and as it were of a tickling qualitie then bloud it selfe For of it selfe being if it be pure and perfect nutsweete or milkesweete by this heate becommeth first suger or hony sweet which hath more force of affecting and obtayneth a more subtile and quicke spirit afterward by operation of heate this sweetnesse is conuerted into a mild saltnesse voyd of fretting which tickling and itching in these melancholicke bodies cause them rather to be giuen to a ridiculous and absurd meriment then a sound ioye of hart and comfortable gladnesse which forceth them into laughter somtimes that without ceasing to the tyring and wearying of their bodies no perswasion of reason is able to call them to more sobrietie We may see in boyling of milke what sweetnesse is procured vnto it thereby howe hony much boyled becometh salt bitter such is the force of heat in bloud that it turneth that milke sweet tast into hony sweet and that into a gentle itching brackishnes whereby the melancholicke bodies being as it were tickled render from their foolish fantasie and false liking of the hart many absurd and ridiculous gestures and speeches and as farre altered this way as the melancholick on the other side snatch at smal occasions or none at all ofttimes of answering this fond humor in outward lightnesse of gesture countenance Thus you heare in what sort the humoures seeme to affect the mind euerie one singled and keeping apart from his other fellowe humours which as they be tempered with the other naturall or compounded together with one or twaine of the like vnnaturall sortes of melancholie make many distinctions and differences of melancholie passions as some more sadde the other some more merie some quieter other some more prone to rage and furie and as the humors haue their courses as for the yeare bloud in the spring choller in sommer melancholie in autumne fleume in winter for the houre according to Soranus Ephesius opinion bloud from three of the clocke in the morning till nine of the same day choler from nine of the morning till three at after noone melancholie froÌ„ 3. at after noone till nine at night and fleume from nine at night til the third of the morning I say if a man obserue all these varieties by mixture and season

false because it seeth in dreames things past as present for so it doth also future things sometimes which rather may argue that both past and to come are both present vnto the mind of such things as fall into the capacitie of her consideration If anie man thinke it much to aduance the mind so high let him remember from whom it proceeded the maner howe it was created and the most excellent estate thereof before the fall and no doubt it will sufficiently aunswer that difficultie and confirme that which I haue said And thus much for that interruption of my aunswer to the obiection from sicknesse whether the soule hath outward sense and not organicall or no. Now to prosecute the aunswere I say all those which seeme to be faculties altered in sicknesses be only organicall dispositions which the soule vseth as she findeth them As for the outward senses the humidities and superfluities of the eares in some sicknesse being dried vp maketh hearing more quicke then in health so the poores of smelling may be more open and the eye by the same reason receaue quicker sight and the sense of feeling more exact or by reason the spirites are more subtile which thereby with greater case flowe into all partes of the instrument nowe emptied of superfluity Againe in phrenticke persons we see through drinesse of the braine and sinewes what strength they become of that fower men in health are scarse able to hold them though otherwise weake and feeble Nowe the outward passages of senses thus cleared and the spirits more rare and subtile deliuer more exactly to the inwarde the Ideas of such things as require to be admitted which inward senses by like disposition of the braine more exactly discerne the outward qualitie of thinges deliuer more sincere reporte vnto the minde which finding all so cleare giueth sentence pronounceth and debateth more perfectly in respect of that distinction and clearnesse it findeth in those personall representations of thinges which may seeme vnto such as consider not duely whereof it riseth to be an increase of gift in the minde by sickenesse and not greater clearenesse of the obiect This disposition of instrument causeth some children to be more pregnant then other some and in sickenesse manie one to be of better aduisement then in health and if you list inferre it vppon the former groundes I will not denie this to be the cause whie some be idiottes and fooles and other some of quicke spirit and prompt witted Nowe as this clearing of the poores and subtiliation of spirits is cause of these more readie and distinct actions in sicknesse then in health and in youth aboue the tendernesse of yeares so in health the poores replenished with their humours and the spirites recouering their ordinarie grossenesse or mediocritie the actions become of the same condition they were before not by anie alteration of facultie but through instrument diuersly disposed In like manner the aged farre stroken in yeares faile in the execution of externall actions though their mindes should rather be wiser through experience if anie thing be learned by the practise of this life by excrementitious humiditie and rewmaticke superfluities which drowne the instrument and an internal drinesse whereby all wayes to that small reÌ„nant of spirit is stopped through contraction and shrinking of poores the verie cundites of the spirit into all the corporal members neither only do they faile in outward sense and motion but by the internall also suffer like imbecillitie whereuppon their minde framinge conclusions vpon false groundes seeme to faile in that action also not hauing better matter to work on If you say vnto me why is not this helped by that inorganicall sense of the minde and so these in conueniences auoyded you must coÌ„sider the minde neuer exerciseth that but being withdrawen from the corporall socieâ—y these mechanicall actions which in a maner in sleepe extasie it is then it maketh choice of particulars as it listeth it selfe what who where and when neither is it tied to these outward ministers or those Ideas which they take viewe of Moreouer we must remember that during this life sauing vpon certaine occasions extraordinary God hath ordained these actions corporal neither is it necessary that wants of outward senses should be so supplied which before sinne tooke such hold of soule and body were not subiect to these imbecillities but perfectly and sincerely deliuered the condition of sensible things to the mindes consideration which reposing trust in them according to the integrity wherin they first stoode dischargeth her office of vnderstaÌ„ding iudging and willing as this way only it findeth cause And thus much touching the aunswere to the former obiections notwithstanding whose probabilities to the contrary you may perceiue how the body only receiueth these alterations before mentioned euen as instruments of a corporall substance and raised from the earth subiect to earthly and elementary chaunges without touch of soule or disturbing of that immortal nature which proceeded from the breath of God and is of a more noble race neither are you so to vnderstand me as though I accompted the soule in this present state equall with the first creation that were erronious and against the history of maÌ„s fall and of that curse which ensued through disobedience and contrary to that experience which euery one findeth of imbecillity in the most excellent actions of the minde and such as require no organ but my discourse tendeth in this point to exempt it from corporal contagion only which it can not in any sort receiue more then the heauens pollution from the earth being a nature farre more different in comparison then the heauens from this inferiour world which is alotted to our vse of habitation Hauing hitherto declared how perturbations rise of humors although it be not greatly pertinent to the matter in hand of couÌ„sell in this passion yet because my meaning is not only to satisfie your request in that but also to giue you argumeÌ„t of philosophicall discourse to occupie your selfe in this heauy time wherein both melancholie doth all it may to discourage you and Sathan the old enimy taketh aduantage to serue his turne vpoÌ„ your present imbecillity I will add the reason of such accidentes as fall vnto these passions in such probability as my habilitie will affoord both for mine owne exercise and your contentment whom in times past I haue knowen to be delighted with studie of philosophie CHAP. XX. The accidentes which befall melancholicke persons AS all other state of bodie so the melancholick sheweth it self either in the qualities of the body or in the deeds Of the qualities which are first taken froÌ„ the elemeÌ„ts the melaÌ„cholick without adustion is cold and drie of such as are second rising from the first of colour blacke and swart of substance inclyning to hardnes leane and spare of flesh which causeth hollownes of eye and vnchearefulnes of countenance all these more or lesse some or all either as

with teares This causeth the nose to runne and the mouth to slauer euen the sudden breach of these waters faster seeking vent then agreeth with natures ordinarie auoydaunce They are salt of tast through that heate of the eye which turneth easily that excrement into saltnesse besides the mixture of the salt humiditie which is alwayes about it For the eye of any one being touched with the tong giueth a manifest release of saltnesse which riseth of that moyst excrement altered into such tast by the eyes heate That the eyes be exceeding in heate besides manifest experience of of touch the plenty of spirit which they ordinarily possesse the store of arteries and vaines the plenty of fat round about the celeritie of motion do argue sufficiently the same Neither is that ordinarie passage of humidity froÌ„ the brain whereby their heate may be tempered lest they become thereby sore and withered the least argument of their hote temper which is not afforfoorded to any part of the bodie the hart onely excepted Lastly the aptnesse to be offended with heate and readie offence taken that way sufficiently declareth whereto their nature bendeth CHAP. XXV VVhy and howe one weepeth for ioy and laugheth for griefe why teares and weeping indure not all the time of the cause and why the finger is put in the eye IN the former chapter mention was made of weeping for ioy here you may demaund a reason why a ioyfull passion yeeldeth forth so sorowfull an action neither do they that weepe faine as a man will counterfet laughter for tears cannot be counterfetted because they rise not of any action or facultie voluntarie but naturall the weeping caused of ioy is as hartie as that which riseth vpon conceit of sorowe We do see in the works of nature contrary effects wrought by the same cause so the same effect ensueth vpon contrary causes through the diuerse maner of the working You see how the Sunne altereth the whitenesse of a mans skinne into blacknesse and how it maketh cloth white it softeneth waxe and hardeneth clay Againe we see howe the cold withereth the herbe as doth the heate and causeth the earth to be warme that the fountains smoke againe as doth the Sunne and is as requisite with vs in his season for the fertilitie of the earth as the reflexion of the Sunne beames What maruell then if contraries in passions bring forth like effects as to weepe laugh both for ioy sorow For as it is oft seene that a man weepeth for ioy so is not straunge to see one laugh for griefe whereof examples are dayly as if a man taketh vp that which is burning hote hauing thought it had bin cold he will laugh at the hurt he feeleth likewise if one assay to handle another mans wound the wouÌ„ded will declare the discontentment with laughter euen as a maÌ„ that is tickled will laugh though he take no pleasure in tickling but rather mislike discontentmeÌ„t With such kind of laughter did Democritus grieue at the vanities of this life which also moued Heraclitus to weep And sometimes in vrgent distresse the anguish and vexation of mind is declared with this kind of SardoniaÌ„ laughter as if the hart toke pleasure wherat it is grieued This is cleare needeth no loÌ„ger discours the reason is not so euident which I will nowe make plaine vnto you As you heard before how teares in sorowe do issue out of the eyes by compressioÌ„ that internal fulnesse of spirits heat which forceth out these teares so ioy gladnes being an enlargement of the hart braine all the internal parts especially of the spirits which do as it were issue out to welcome the ioyfull obiect partly thaough the enlargement of the passages partly through the accesse of spirits to the outward parts the moysture before mentioned is forced out of the eyes distilleth into drops of teares especially if coÌ„miseration coÌ„passioÌ„ be mixed therw t such was Iosephs weping ouer his brethreÌ„ framed of ioy of their presence and compassion of their estate and so did Ionathan weepe ouer Dauid and Dauid ioying at Ionathans kindenesse with commisseration of his teares exceeded him in weeping This most commonly falleth out when he whom we loue hath escaped daunger or we thinke through ouer longe absence somewhat vnprosperous might or hath befallen him Nowe the consideration of the present safety mingled with remembrance of perill or want for the present breaketh out into teares which are easily to be voyded both through compression as hath bin before shewed and by forcible expulsion I see you desire farther as well why griefe procureth laughter as strange an effect from the cause as teares are from ioy comfort Before I lay this open vnto you ye are to knowe what partes are first affected with laughter and how they drawe others into the same fellowship of action The parts which first are affected in laughter are the hart and the midriffe wherto the hart by his call and skinne is more straightly fastened then in beasts the obiect of laughter being a ridiculous thing mixed of pleasure and displeasure else were it not ridiculous causeth the hart to moue with great celerity his contrary motions of opening and shutting which being so repugnaunt cause a maruelous agitation in the part by this agitation and straight coupling of the heart to the midriffe which draweth by consent other parts into like motion the laughter is deliuered by interrupted expiration by reason the midriffe in his contraction is not suffered quietly to finish it but is by the harts trouble restrained slowed in his fall Thus knowing the cause of laughter and the instruments of the gesture I shall more easily manifest vnto you why a man may sometimes laugh for griefe and discontentment as well as weep for ioy Of all the muscles in the bodie the midriffe is the most noble and of greatest vse whose action is in continual motion and neuer ceaseth not so much as in sleep when all the rest take their ease for the necessitie of breathing with this muscle do accord diuerse others especially those of the neather iaw and cheekes and lippes taking their nerues froÌ„ the fourth couple increased by the sixt which rise from the pith of the chine in the necke So then the midriffe being affected with any kinde of extraordinarie motion as it is in grief easily draweth the cheekes and lippes into like motioÌ„ But how is the midriffe affected in griefe euen much like as it is in laughter that is to say hindred in his free falling by the contraction of the hart which in griefe calleth in his spirits closeth it selfe filleth the neighbour parts with more store of bloud then is ordinarie which being so replenished the midriffe is drawne with the call of the hart and hath not his owne libertie in his contraction by which meanes the expiration is deliuered by fits and not wholly as in ordinary breathing the midriffe

resembling in vse the leather of a paire of bellows being ioyned rouÌ„d about to the sides of the chest which aunswereth the two boords of the bellowes This also draweth the consent of the lippes and cheekes the muscles thereof agreing with the midriffe in their nerues which make like contractioÌ„ to that in laughter after a counterfet manner in paine and ache that one presently feeleth or feareth The other kinde which is of griefe of minde as that of Hanniball for the distresse of Carthage and his present calamitie is of a mixed cause compounded of some ioy which riseth of considence of remedie or reuenge which causeth a dilatation of ioy entermeddled with contractioÌ„ of griefe so a man that hath receaued a displeasure of his enemy and assured howe he may be euen with him will laugh though he haue indignation at the displeasure vpon hope of requittance whereof riseth a certaine ioye mixed with griefe that forceth out a Sardonian bitter laughter short and ouertaken with more griefe which with vapor and spirit through that dilatation of the hart silleth the cheekes and causeth their muscles to be withdrawne to their heads shew their teeth and fashion the countenance into that kind of grinning which is apparant in laughter Thus much by the way of laugter by occasion of that weeping which falleth vnto such as vpon cause of ioy breake out into teares If you desire to knowe more of this merie gesture I referre you to a treatise of laughter written by Laurence Ioubert of Mountpellier a Philosopher and Phisitian in my iudgement not inferiour to any of this age The cause why weeping endureth not all the time of the sorow but most commonly at the first brunt onely of griefe tears are shed is partly by reason time acquainteth the hart with the sorowe so is the contraction lesse the daunger not being so straunge Againe that moysture is partly emptied which ministreth matter vnto teares reason in time dealeth with the affection which peraduenture moderateth the griefe whereby it lesse vrgeth The finger is vsually put in the eye in weeping by reason the teare falling into the eye with his saltnesse procureth a kind of itching about the carnell of teares which requireth ayde of the singer to be expressed at their first fal afterward the part acquainted with that qualitie and one teare drawing on another such expression is not so necessarie Besides this cause of rubbing the weeping eye a strange matter therin requireth wyping which also moueth the finger to hast to the eye watered with teares but this is after a while the other before almost anie teare fall as though they were expressed with rubbing And thus much touching the causes of teares which beare the greatest part in weeping nowe ye shall vnderstand howe other partes of that gesture are perfourmed and by what meanes CHAP. XXVI Of other partes of weeping why the countenance is cast downe the forehead loureth the nose droppeth the lippe trembleth the cheeks are drawn and the speech is interrupted IN weeping the countenance is cast downe by reason the spirits are retracted which are the authors by tonicall motion of erection as a maste corded on all sides standeth erect which in sorow being withdraweÌ„ from the muscle causeth them to yeeld to the poyse of the head and so bendeth it downeward wherto it is more enclined then backeward by reason the rowells of the neckbone with their snaggs hinder that inclination The forehead lowreth after a paraliticall fashion being destitute of his spirites and all the former partes filled with that excrementitious moisture of teares before mentioned which is in that aboundance in persons moist of braine tender and rare of poores that not finding sufficieÌ„t way at the eyes it passeth through the nose as the other part by the palate into the mouth and so filleth all full of teares and slauer The lipe trembleth because the spirite which should vphold it in his right position is now in greatest measure departed so that the waight of the lippe striuing with the imbecillitie of the parte causeth a trembling which is betwixt erection and plaine declination as if a man hold a thing too heauy till he beginne to be weary though at the first he hold it steady at the leÌ„gth striuing aboue his power to beare it maketh his hand to quake and tremble the remnaunte of strength striuing with the weight The vpper lippe remaineth steadie and still because it hangeth and requireth no proppe of erection yet appeareth it somewhat longer then before being fully stretched out with the weight and not borne vp restrained by the spirit The cheeks are drawen much like as in laughter not by any influence of the liuely spirite which in laughter replenisheth the countenance and causeth the eyes to sparcle and filling the muscles of the cheekes with a subtle vapour causeth them to strayne for the auoydance as in streaking the muscles are contracted to exclude a vaporous excrement but the contraction of the cheekes in weeping seemeth to me not to rise of any other cause then by an excrementitious vapour which passeth with the humiditie of teares froÌ„ the braine into the cheekes and forceth nature to make contraction to discharge it selfe of that vapour ioyned with the coÌ„sent which is betwixt the muscles of the iawes and lipps with the midriffe whose remission and slackening being hastened by the contraction of the harte in griefe contracteth also the foresaid lipps and cheekes with which it consenteth by the fourth and sixt paire of nerues deriued into both partes from the marow of the chine bone of the neck These are also the causes of the whole deformitie of the face in weeping which chiefely contracteth the visage in expiration in which the heart hath more power ouer the mydriffe being slakened then in inspiration wherein by dilating of the chest for vse of breath it is exteÌ„ded The speach is interrupted in weeping because the chest in expiration doth not fall and sinck by gentle declination equally but hindred by that contraction of the heart remitteth his extension as it were by stroakes as if a man would take a paire of bellowes and not suffer them being enlarged and full of aire to shutt of themselues but by an vnequall pressing of the handes cause them to puffe by fittes and part the blowing into sundry blastes which at once might be auoyded So the voyce rising of the ayre expired as that is voyded in like sort the voyce is fraimed which causeth those that weepe to speake more indistinctly and diuided sentences then when they are free from that affection Moreouer speach doth require not onely the yeeldinge of the chest through the poyse but standeth in neede also of the intercostall muscles and those of the top of the windpipe with theÌ„ of the bely which throgh griefe or feare being now not so replenished with spirites the authors of motion of those muscles can not deliuer the voyce smoth and vniforme as before more

ingrauen maximes of good and euill and thus much shall suffice you for blushing As for the shunning of mens countenances and bashfulnes either in beholding or being beheld it riseth vpon a giltines in conceite or in effect in that we feare is knowen to others wherein we haue offended or stand in doubt we shall offend This conceit causeth vs to hide our selues and to withdraw our presence from the society of meÌ„ whom we feare doe view our faultes in beholding vs and wherof our presence stirreth vp the remembraunce Wherefore we being desirous to couer and hyde our offence seeke also to be hiddeÌ„ and couered who haue deserued the blame especially from such of whome we haue greatest reuerence and of whose estimation and censure we stand most in awe of Now because the vewing of another causeth the like from him againe therfore doth the guilty minde abstaine ther from that it prouoke not the eye of another whome he doth behold especially if the other party looke vpoÌ„ him againe then is he presently outcountenanced through the guiltie conceite and ielousie of the crime which he suspect to be reueiled Moreouer the countenance being as it were the grauen character of the mind the guilty person feareth least that be red in his forehead whereof he is guilty in his heart which augmenteth the griefe when he seeth himselfe eyed more then by turning aside his owne countenance when he beholdeth it not Thus much touching the former bashfull actions whether they rise vpon cause or opinion only it remaineth of this chapter to shew how melancholicke persons are much subiect to both though they haue committed nothing deseruing rebuke or worthy of shame That which befalleth youth by their tender age in blushing the same in a manner happeneth to melancholicke persons by their complexion youth and children if they come in place of reuerend persons will easily blush not of any fault committed but of reuerence to the parties nature as it were secretly in respect condemning her imperfections in that age whereof the presence of both maketh a kinde of comparison Moreouer the nature carefull of that which is seemely and decent not acquainted with such presence doubteth of error and vncomelinesse and distrusting it selfe blusheth as if offence had bene committed This is the cause why the yong take occasion sooner then the aged and why reuerend and vnacquainted presence causeth this passion They which are of mo yeares by reason of experience and further knowledge which breedeth an assurance more hardly blush and familiarity and custome maketh greater boldnes Euen so the melancholick person through his internall mislike and cause of discouragement hath litle assurance or contentment in his actions whatsoeuer Whereby without cause he easily groweth into a conceite of some absurdity committed where none is this causeth him to blush and to expresse by outward rednes of colour the internall passion especially this befalleth him if he carrie any conscience of former vice committed then doth that ouercharge and set all out of order chiefely if it mingle the passion with feare and the quality of the blood and spirite largenes of poores and disposition of the skinne in the face aunswere thereunto But how will you say can the melancholy person haue his spirite and blood so disposed which I haue declared to be grosse and thicke and the passages of their bodies not free Trueth it is that all melancholicke persons are not so disposed to this action of blushing by reason they are of blood spirite and body vnapt thereunto but certaine only who haue melancholy not equally disposed but resteth vnder the ribbes anoieth chiefly with his vapour and who are such not from their parents but by some accident of diet or euill custome which notwithstanding retaine as yet the same disposition of their firme partes they had before or haue some other humour of thinner substaÌ„ce wherby their blood is not so dull of ebbing flowing these I take to be the melancholick blushers only and the rest in all respects farre remoued there from whose swartnes of the skinne with other impediments both hindereth the recourse of the blood and if they did blush ouershadoweth the colour The same cause which stirreth blushing in melancholicke men forceth them to auoide assemblies and publike theaters and this is common to all melancholickes howsoeuer they be tempered in their bodies euen the opinion and fancy of some disgrace from others who are greatly displeased with themselues and by their erronious conceite preuent the sentence of others vpon themselues and condemne that vniustly which ducly wayed and without passion hath no desert of blame Thus much for these actions of blushing and bashfullnes CHAP. XXX Of the naturall actions altered by melancholy HItherto you haue had declared the alteration of such actions as lie in our power are for the most part arbitrarie it followeth to shew vnto you the rest which are natural are not at our becke but are performed by a certaine instinct of nature wil we nil we These actioÌ„s are of appetite or of nourishmeÌ„t the actioÌ„s of appetite are of meate and drinke or of procreation Touching appetite of meate melancholy persons haue it for the most part exceeding and farre surpassing their digesture The cause why it is through an aboundance of melancholy which easily passeth from the splene the sincke of that humour to the stomach whose sowernes prouoketh an appetite of nourishment to delay that sharpnes which molesteth the mouth thereof that you may with more facility conceiue this pointe marke what I shall say of the splene the stomach and the passage of that humour thereinto The splene lieth vnder the short ribbes on the left side of the stomach backward and is ordained to purge the blood of melaÌ„cholick iuice which it draweth vnto it self by meane of vaines and being satisfied with some parte wherewith it is nourished the remnaunte sower of taste and as a naturall sawce it belcheth as it were into the stomach whose sharpnes causeth a kinde of griefe and knawing therein especially about the entrance which is most sensible so prouoketh the appetite of nourishment by whose sweete and familiar iuice the sharpnes or sowernes of the other is dulled and tempered so the byting eased Besides this sence which the quallity of melancholy offereth to the stomach it according to the nature of all thinges of that taste bindeth and contracteth the stomach which may also be another cause of the encrease of that paine which inforceth to seek after nourishment Thus then the stomach being subiect vnto the splenetick humour as it exceedeth or is more sowre so doth this appetite more increase Now in persons melancholicke the superfluity of this humor is in great aboundance which thereby the more forceth the appetite and this I take to be one cause of that greedy hunger which is more insatiable in melancholicke men then in others To this may be added the desire that nature hath to seeke

maintenaÌ„ce of this life yet they faile in degree of misery come short of that which this forceth vpoÌ„ the soule The other touch those parts where the soule commandeth pouertie nakednesse sicknesse and other of that kinde are mitigated with a minde resolute in patience or indued with wisedome to ease that grieueth by supply of remedie this sezeth vpon the seate of wisedome it selfe and chargeth vpon all the excellencie of vnderstanding and grindeth into powder all that standeth firme and melteth like the dew before the Sunne whatsoeuer we reckeÌ„ of as support of our defectes and subdueth that wherwith all thinges else are of vs subdued the cause the guilt the punishment the reuenge the ministers of the wrath all concurring together in more forcible sort that against the vniuersall state of our nature not for a time but for euer then in any other kind of calamitie whatsoeuer Here the cause is not either wouÌ„d or surfet shipwracke or spoile infamie or disgrace but all kinde of misery ioyned together with a troubled spirit feeling the beginnings expecting with desperat feare the eternall consummatioÌ„ of the indignatioÌ„ fierce wrath of Gods vengeaÌ„ce against the violation of his holy coÌ„mandemeÌ„ts which although in this life it taketh not away the vse of outward benefits yet doth the internal anguish bereue vs of all delight of theÌ„ that pleasant relish they are indued with to our comforts so that manifold better were it the vse of theÌ„ were quite takeÌ„ away theÌ„ for vs in such sort to enioy them Neither is here the guiltines of breach of humane lawes whose punishment extendeth no farther then this present life which euen of it self is full of calamities not much inferiour to the paine adioyned vnto the transgression of ciuill lawes but of the Law diuine the censure executed with the hand of God whose fierce wrath prosecuteth the punishment eternally as his displeasure is like to him selfe and followeth vs into our graues receaueth no satisfaction with anie punishment either in regard of continuance or of extremitie Such is the crime and such is the guiltinesse which infer the reward fitting and fully answering the desert which being a seaparation from Gods fauour the creator and blesser of all thinges the fountaine of all peace and comforte what creature the worke of his handes dare cheere vs with any consolation or what assurance may we haue of escape if we would flee the punishment as it hath no misery to compare with and the sence thereof not to be described to the capacity of any but of such as haue felt the anguish as your selfe at this present is rather to be shewed by negation of all happines then by direct affirmation of torment For as the happines rising of Gods fauour besides the enioying of all bodely and earthly blessinges so farre forth as is expedient for vs and tending to his glory is aboue al conceite of mans heart and reporte of tunge so the contrary estate exceedeth all vnderstanding of the minde and vtteraunce of speach and is such as it is aboue measure vnhappy and most miserable inflicted by Gods reuenge who is himself a consuming fire and whose wrath once kindled burneth to the bottome of hell In other miseries of execution the minister may vpon coÌ„passion and entreaty mitigate the rigor here Sathan moued with the old ranchor and an ennimy vnrecoÌ„cilable hath the charge who is so far of from pitying our estate that to the encrease of torment where the Lord chasteneth with mercy and limiteth sometimes this tormentor in compasse of our possessions and goods he vrgeth skinne for skinne streatch out thy hand touch his bones and his flesh and if expresse charge were not to the contrary would not satisfie himselfe therewith except life yea not only temporall but that euerlasting whereof we haue assured promises of God weÌ„t also for payment But what doe I describe this vnto you whose present experience exceedeth my discourse Although it be necessary to be laid open for more cleare distinguishing thereof from the melancholy passions aboue mentioned and the quality of this miserie thus being knowne such as by Godds mercy are yet free may acknowledge his grace therein pray for the continewance of that freedome and pittie the estate of such as grone vnder the burthen of that heauy crosse wherein no reason is able to minister coÌ„solatioÌ„ nor the burthen wherof the Angels theÌ„selues haue ability to sustaine Leauing the description of this affliction I will fall to the deliberation whether this kinde be of melancholie or not and so proceede to the doubtes which the comparison of them both together may minister vnto vs. CHAP. XXXIII VVhether the conscience of sinne and the affliction thereof be melancholy or not BY that hath bene before declared it may easily appeare the affliction of soule through coÌ„science of sinne is quite another thing then melaÌ„choly but yet to the end it may lie most cleare I wil lay them together so shall their distinct natures thus compared be wray the error of some and the prophanes of othersome who either accompt the cause naturall melancholy or madnes or else hauing some farther insighte with a Stoicall prophanes of Atheisme skoffe at that kinde of afflictioÌ„ against which they themselues labour to shut vp their hard heartes with obstinacie of stomach to beare out that whereof they tremble with horror and not hauing other refuge passe ouer the sense with a desperat resolution which would awake and doth not faile at times to touch the quick of the securest most flinty harted gallantes of the world Therfore to the end the one may be reformed in their iudgment and the other may thereby take occasion to reforme their maners let them consider that this is a sorrow and feare vpon cause that the greatest cause that worketh misery vnto maÌ„ the other contrarily a meere fancy hath no grouÌ„d of true and iust obiect but is only raised vpoÌ„ disorder of humour in the fancy and rashly deliuered to the heart which vpon naturall credulity faireth in passion as if that were in deede wherof the fancy giueth a false larume In this the body standeth oft times in firme state of health perfect in complexion and perfect in shape al symmetrie of his partes the humors in quantitie and quality not exceeding nor wanting their naturall proportion In the other the complexioÌ„ is depraued obstructions hinder the free course of spirits humors the blood is ouer grosse thick impure nature so disordered that diuerse melancholicke persons haue iudged themselues some earthie pitchers othersome cockes other some to haue wanted their heades c as if they had bin transported by the euill quality of the humor into straunge natures here the seÌ„ses are oft times perfect both outward inward the imagination sound the heart well compact resolute this excepted want no courage In the other the inward sense and outward to feebled the

vrgeth and alwayes carieth a passioÌ„ therwith aboue the harts affection euen the entry of those torments which caÌ„not be coÌ„ceaued at full as our nature now staÌ„deth nor deliuered by report Here in this passion the cause is not feare nor passionate griefe but a torment procuring these affections and euen as the punishment of bodily racking is not the passion of the hart but causeth it only so the hart fareth vnder this sore of the mind which here properlie fretteth and straineth the sinnes of the soule wherefrom the heart taketh his grieuous discouragement and fainteth vnder Gods iustice Hitherto you haue described that which your soule feeleth not to instruct you but that other may more truly iudge of the case and the distinction betwixt melancholy it may be more apparant CHAP. XXXV The affliction of mind to what persons it befalleth and by what meanes ALthough no man is by nature freed froÌ„ this affliction in so much as all men are sinners and being culpable of the breach of God lawes incurre the punishment of condemnation yet is the melancholicke person more then any subiect therunto not that the humor hath such power which hath before bin declared to stand far a loofe of such effect but by reason the melaÌ„cholicke person is most doubtfull iclous of his estate not only of this life but also of the life to come this maketh him fall into debate with him selfe to be more then curious who finding his actions not fitting the naturall or written line of righteousnesse waÌ„ting that archpiller of faith assurance in Christ Iesus our hope partly thorough feare findeth the horror and partly if it please God so far to touch feeleth the verie anguish due vnto the sinner in that most miserable condition falleth into flat dispaire This commeth to passe when the curious melancholy carieth the minde into the senses of such misteries as exceed humayne capacity and is desirous to know more theÌ„ is reuealed in the word of truth or being ignorant of that which is reuealed thorough importunate inquirie of a sudden falleth into that gulfe of Gods secret counselles which swalloweth vp all conceit of man or angell and measuring the trueth of such depth of misteries by the shallow modill of his owne wit is caught deuoured of that which his presumptuous curiositie moued him to attempt to apprehend Of melancholy persons especially such as are most contemplatiue except they be well grounded in the word of God remoue not one haire therfrom in their speculations are this wayes most ouertaken receaue the punishment of ouer-bold atteÌ„pt of those holy things which the Lord hath reserued to his owne counsell while they neglect the declared truth propounded for rule of life and practise in written wordes reuealed not remembring the exhortation of Moyses to the children of Israell the secrets are the Lords but the reuealed will appertaineth to vs our children And this in mine opinion is one cause wherefore melancholicke personnes are more prone to fall into this pitte then such as are in their organicall members otherwise affected Nowe contemplations are more familiar with melancholicke persons then with other by reason they be not so apt for action consisting also of a temper still and slowe according to the nature of the melancholie humour which if it be attenuated with heate deliuereth a drie subtile and pearcing spirite more constant and stable then anie other humour which is a great helpe to this contemplation As the melancholicke is most subiect to the calamitie before mentioned and especially the contemplatiue so of them most of all such whose vocation consisteth in studie of hard pointes of learning and that philosophicall especially of Nature haue cause in this case to carie a lowe saile and sometime to strike and lay at the anker of the Scriptures of God lest by tempest of their presumption they be caried into that whirle poole whereout they be in daunger without the especiall grace of Gods mercie neuer to deliuer them selues Such except they be well ballaced with knowledge of the Scriptures and assurance of Gods spirite are neuer able to abide the ouglinesse of their sinnes when they shall be once vnfolden and the narrowe point of reprobration and clection propounded vnto their melancholicke braines and hearts and most miserale polluted soules vnacquainted with Gods couenaunt of mercie and that earnest of his fauour the comfortable spirit of his grace Of such as haue some knowledge in the worde and practise of obedience the want of the true apprehending of gods reuealed wil touching election and reprobation and the right method of learning conceauing the doctrine causeth some to stumble and fall at this stone For as a sworde taken at the wrong end is readie to wound the hand of the taker held by the handle is a fit weapon of defence euen so the doctrine of predestination being preposterously conceiued may through fault of the conceiuer procure hurt whereas of it selfe it is the most strong rocke of assurance in all stormes of teÌ„ptations that can befall vnto bodie or soule The one part of predestination is Gods immutable will the cause and rule of all iustice and vttermost of all reason in his workes the other part is the execution of that will according to mercie or iustice sauing or condemning with all the meanes thereto belonging Christ Iesus in those of whom the Lorde will shewe mercie and the iust desert of a sinner on whome he is determined to shewe the iustice of his wrath If this most comfortable doctrine and the firme ancher of our profession be not in all partes equally apprehended we may not onely misse the benefite therof through our owne fault but receiue wounde and daungerous hurte thereby For if the consideration be bent vpon Gods will and counsel only without respect of the means it is impossible but the frailty of mans nature must needes be distracted into diuerse perilous and desperate feares finding nothing in it selfe that may answere his iustice and withstand the fearefull sentence of condemnation if it stay in the meanes of his iustice only and haue not eye vpon his mercy in his sonne Christ then likewise ariseth an assurance of eternall destruction to the conscieÌ„ce defiled and the guilty soule deformed with iniquity if the meanes of his mercy be regarded without farther respect of his eternall decree and immouable iustice then is there also no assurance of his mercy vnto miserable man who melteth like snow and vanisheth like a vapour before his iustice and doubting of the continuance of his fauour alwayes hangeth in suspence All these considerations thus seuerally falling into the melancholick person moue doubt and care and either breed a resolute desperatnes or a continuall distrust tossing hither and thither the soule not established by knowledge and faith in Gods eternall counsell the most wise iust and mercifull meanes of his execution which being perfectly knowne according to the word

consider that as in warfare the seruice is not alwayes alike neither keepeth the souldier the same degree but is aduaunced of the generall as he seeth cause euen so if the Lorde nowe bestowe you in a straunge peece of seruice in his spirituall warre and place you in the forefront whome he hath hitherto tendered as your condition required you must be contented and quite your selfe like a man and knowe that the wisedome of the heauenly captaine is such and his tender affection so great towarde his followers that in the middest of perill not one haire of them shall miscarrie whom he leadeth Then to conclude this point seing your case is onely a teÌ„ptation and no temptation is of it selfe except that one a signe of reprobation cast of these discouragementes and learne howe to behaue your selfe herein that you may passe through with credit of your vocation and honour vnto God ioy comfort to your faithful friends in the Lord Iesus You haue read your selfe may partly perceaue by my former discourse howe melancholie perswadeth of miserie where there is no cause some haue imagined them selues to haue wanted their heads some their armes other some haue thought themselues dead men and other some one member of their bodies as bigge as three which as it perswadeth in corporal things that which is not so no lesse doth it in spirituall things especially being like a weapoÌ„ taken into Sathans hand and vsed to all aduantages of our hurt and destruction This maketh all more grieuous is called of Serapio the very seate of the deuill being an apt instrument for him both to weaken our bodies with and to terrifie our minds with vaine fantasticall feares and to disturbe the whole tranquillity of our nature Wherefore ascribe I pray you these troubles of your mind to no other but to the frailty of your bodie I meane this excesse of distrust feare otherwise the temptation may be without it and giue no way to Sathans practise in yeelding your iudgement and affection to his suggestion but resist as against a sicknesse and as nature doth with her spirit against bodily disease so take courage and call together the wisdome and knowledge God hath giuen you and nowe put it in vse against this subtle and forcible enemie And through Gods blessing by due vse of such naturall means as I shall hereafter declare vnto you both mind and bodie shall againe be restored to the former integritie and you haue greater cause then euer to prayse God for his mercie and goodnesse towardes you Hitherto nothing hath befallen you that diuerse of Gods children haue not passed through before you although the battaile hath bene sharp bloudy euen as our Maister hath sweat dropps of bloud in the like combat remember the victorie is the more glorious and the conquest so much the more honorable sure as we haue experience in the person of Iesus our Sauiour which found no other way to his kingdome and hath left vnto vs an example of like patience constancie hope and whatsoeuer vertue else is requisite to this battaile of the spirit and doth furnish vs in all partes with spirituall armour He girdeth vs with truth and buckleth on vs the brestplate of righteousnesse he shoeth our feet with the preparation of the Gospell of peace he deliuereth into the left hand the shield of faith wherby we may quench the firie dartes of the deuill into the right the sword of the spirite the word of God and couereth our heads with the helmet of saluation If we shall cowardly cast our armor and weapon from vs and betake vs to flight besides there is no place of safetie we shall dishonour our captaine giue ouer our selues to the pleasure and crueltie of our enemie and finally perish for euer Wherefore trie the strength of this armour and the sharpnesse of this sword nowe occasion is offered march on with those shoes of peace which is the ende of warre and wherof they are the pledge and assurance hold out that shield of faith and although it be battered on all sides yet forsake it not for the temper is such as no fierie darte of the wicked can pierce it and bestowe that sword of Gods word the word of consolation of ioy of assurance of spirituall and heauenly wisedome whereby the iudgement is perfected the hart established and the whole man of God made absolute Forsake not that breastplate of the righteousnesse of Iesus Christ and that frute of our sanctification whereby we are in his Sonne acceptable vnto God with the helmet of saluation couer your head that all the good meanes of God being to the full employed you may fecle the power of this heauenly furniture to your present encouragement herafter to your euerlasting saluation Let not your sinnes dismay you for Christ came not to saue the righteous he supplieth all our wantes and hath aboundance to discharge our debtes In him is God well pleased with vs as him selfe hath pronounced so that being discharged in him let vs giue ouer all feare with boldnes approch vnto the throne of grace that we may receaue the mercie promised vnto vs for if we be righteouse then is Christ vnrighteous and suffered for him selfe and not for vs but he was iust pure a lambe without spot or blemish slaine for the attonemeÌ„t that we might thereby liue broaken that we might be healed and humbled for our aduancement Wherefore lay the burthen vpon him who hath sayd come vnto me all ye that are heauy loden and he shall ease your wearied shoulders thereof and geue you refreshing If ther were no sinne wheron should Gods mercie be shewen and whereto tendeth the promise of the Gospell But you say you are a great sinner what then is not the mercie of God greater is there anie ende of his compassion If sinne do abound who shall stint the grace of God that it should not also ouerflow Dauid was a great sinner so was both Peter and Paule yet were they not refused but receaued mercie And if the grace of God were so great that our sinnes could not withholde his mercie when we were straungers from his couenant aliens from the common wealth of Israell and led with that spirit of errour and darknesse like the nations that knowe not God much more being reconciled stand we sure and vnremoueable in his fauour though the cloudes do somtimes ouercast the bright beames therof our owne imbecillitie comprehendeth it not Remember the tryall of Iob who would haue taken him for other then one forsaken of the Lord what were his thoughts let the day perish wherin I was borne Why died I not in the birth wherefore is light giuen vnto him that is in misery and life vnto them that haue heauy harts And in an other place oh that I were as in times past when God preserued me wheÌ„ his light shined vpon my head c. But

what was the tryall God blessed the last dayes of Iob more theÌ„ the first euen so though the present afflictioÌ„ be grieuous vnto you and all hope faile in respect of your feeling yet the Lord when he hath proued you and found you his pure and sincere beloued sonne the like issue are you assured of with comforte in this life and eternall saluation in the life to come Thus leauing a more plentifull consolation vnto your godly friendes who dayly frequent you especially such as are preachers of the word and ministers of Gods grace I proceed to instruct you in that I iudge your body staÌ„deth in neede of that howsoeuer hability faile in performaÌ„ce of the offices of friendships on my part towards you my sincere affection and vnfayned loue vnto you may be at the least testified by my endeuour wherein if I be tedious partly it is of forgetfulnes of that consideration being ouercaried with desire to benefite you and partly bicause in your case I also comprehend the estate of many one at this day in like sort affected and afflicted who if they receiue any meanes of coÌ„forte by this my trauaile they may be more beholding vnto my frieÌ„d M. pray for his release Thus my good M. you haue the testimonie of my good will in this part of counsell I confesse I am not so meet for it as your case requireth but so haue I discharged that office wherto the dutie of friendship bindeth me If my presence may supply the defect I will not faile you wherin anie part of mine abilitie may serue your waÌ„ts I will nowe proceede to the cure of your bodie whose disorder increaseth your heauinesse and ioyneth hand with this kind of temptation CHAP. XXXVII The cure of melancholy and howe melancholicke persons are to order them selues in actions of the mind sense and motion AS the ordinarie cure of all diseases helps of infirmities are to be begun with remouing of such causes as first procured the infirmitie except they be remoued of them selues through their nature neither stable nor permanent by succession of a contrarie cause of the same kinde euen so the first entry of restoring the melancholicke braine and heart to a better state of conceit and cheere is the remouing of such causes as first disturbed iudgement and affection or are therto apt with inducing of causes of contrarie operation The causes of all diseases are either breach of dutie and some errour coÌ„mitted in the gouernment of our health or such accidentes as befall vs in this life against our wills and vnlooked for From the same also do arise the workes of melancholie whereof I intreate and you desire to be released Our diet consisteth not onely as it is commonly taken in meate and drinke but in whatsoeuer exercises of mind or bodie whether they be studies of the braine or affections of the hart or whether they be labours of the bodies or exercises only Besides vnto diet house habitation and apparel do belong which are causes of maintenance or ouerthrowe of health as they be affected To these also the order of rest and sleepe is to be added as a great meanes taken in due time and in conuenient moderation to preserue health or to cause sicknesse if otherwise it be taken immoderately too scant or disorderly Of the labours of the mind studies haue great force to procure melancholie if they be vehement and of difficult matters and high misteries therfore chiefly they are to be auoyded the mind to be set free from all such trauel that the spirits which before were partly wasted might be restored and partly employed vpon hard discourses may be released to the comfort of the hart and thinning of the bloud Besides such actions approching nigh vnto or being the verie inorganicall of the soule cause the mind to neglect the bodie whereby easily it becmometh afterward vnapt for the action and the humours skanted of the sweet influence thereof and spirit setle into a melancholie thicknesse and congele into that cold and drie humour which rayseth these terrours and discouragements Wherfore aboue all abandon working of your braine by any studie or conceit and giue your mind to libertie of recreation from such actions that drawe too much of the spirit and therby wrong the corporall meÌ„bers of the bodie For in maintainance of health it is specially to be obserued that the employing of the parts either of mind or bodie with their spirite is to be carried with such indifferencie and discretion that the force which should be common to manie be not lauishly spent vpon any one Nowe studie of all actions both because it vseth litle help of the bodie in comparison of other and because the minde chieflie laboureth which draweth the whole bodie into sympathie wherby it is neglected as it were for a time and the most subtile purest spirits thereby are consumed is to be giuen ouer in the cure of this passion or if the affection can not be tempered wholly therefrom then such matter of studie is to be made choyse of as requireth no great contention but with a certaine mediocritie may vnbend that stresse of the minde through that ouer vehement action and withall carie a contentednesse thereto and ioy to the affection Nowe as all contention of the mind is to be intermitted so especially that whereto the melancholicke person most hath giuen him selfe before the passion is chieflie to be eschued for the recouerie of former estate and restoring the depraued conceit and fearefull affection For there if the affection of liking go withall both hart and braine do ouer prodigally spend their spirits and with them the subtilest partes of the naturall iuyce and humours of the bodie If of mislike and the thing be by forcible constraint layd on the distracting of the mind from the promptnes of the affection breedeth such an agonie in our nature that thereon riseth also great expeence of spirit and of the most rare and subtile humours of our bodies which are as it were the seate of our naturall heate the refiner of all our humours and the purifier of our spirites As that kind of studie wherein the melancholicke hath spent him selfe is to be auoyded or intermitted and one of a milder and softer kinde to be inferred in place thereof so much lesse anie straunge studie of difficultie and much trauell of the braine is to be taken in hand as it were to turne the minde into a contrarie bent For herein the straungenesse besides difficultie giueth cause of trauaile and toile vnto our nature so that both these extremities are to be eschued of you as most daungerous and hurtfull and the mind to be retired to such a tranquillitie as the naturall heate and spirits may haue free scope to attend vppon the corporall actions of preparing the bloud and thinning of the grosse iuice into a moderate substance as is according to good disposition of the bodie In studie I comprehend although

the godwit the yong pigeon the pullet the feasant the yong turky among these the goose wing hath his place not to be refused if the melancholicke haue appetite thereto And generally of foule the carued is better then the other Of beastes the gelded haue preferment aboue their felowes of that kind among them pigge is meet for melancholy farced with sage and such like art of cookerie to dry vp part of his superfluous humiditie veale especially of a cowe calfe yong wether mutton kidde rabbet are of the best kind of diet among the beasts for melancholick persons Of the pattes of flesh the brawnes and muscles are the best and next to them the tong is of second choyce Of liuers the pigges liuer among beasts is the best the stones of cockerells yeeld commendable nourishment Of flesh these aboue mentioned are most agreable with the diet cure of melancholie such parts of theÌ„ as I haue declared the other either breeding a grosse or slimie nourishment hard of digestion and slowe of passage Generally fish is not so wholsome as flesh for this vse because they be not so well stored with naturall heate and moysture except the imbecillitie of the melancholick stomach be such as wil not beare the streÌ„gth of flesh then is the fish to be boyled with wine and to be eaten out of some wholesome broth or with good store of sweet butter and sauoured with pepper If the partie desire fish these following are principall among them And first generally such as are of a middle bignesse not too fat nor leane white and brittle of substance haunt the swiftest and purest waters are most commendable for such breed subtilest nourishment and least fraight with excrements Of salt water fish that beare shells the oyster is only for this diet of those that are defended with a crust the shrimp and crayfish go before the rest Of other kind of seafish such as haunt the rockes are excellent food for melancholicke persons corrected and vsed as I haue before shewed as the gilthead the whiting the sea pearch c. Of other sort the mullet the lucie the haddocke the sole place but gurnard and rotchet are to be admitted into this diet Of fresh water fish those of the riuer are to be preferred the rest scarse to be touched except they receaue correction from the kitchin Of riuer fish these are of the wholsomest kinde pearch pike gougeon trout Thus of the substance of creatures you haue what I iudge meetest for you in this case Of the other sort nothing is to be refused but cowmilke all other sorts carrying a thinner and more liquid substance and importing no perill of obstruction nor windinesse especiallly taken with suger and a litle salt two or three houres before any other sustenance As cow milk is the grossest and thickest so mares milke except that of camels is the thinnest next of asse goats milke is most moderate and ewes milke thicker then it Of the partes of milke whay drunke with suger is wholesome for melancholicke folke neither is fresh and new butter to be refused cheese made altogether of cowe milke is vnwholsome mixed with goats or asses milk maketh it not so apt to breed obstructions Eggs are good and wholesome sustenance for melancholicke bodies rosted rather then sod or potched and reare dressed somwhat the yelk thicker then to be supped Of egges hens feasaunts and turkies lay the wholesomest egges and are only for the melancholickes dish Thus much concerning the meates fit for their diet Their dressing ought to be such as may maintaine their naturall iuyce as much as may be with remouing of all rawnesse Their sawces would be the iuyce of an orange or lymon well qualified with suger and sweet butter especially if vineger or veriuyce be part in sauce more in vineger lesse in veriuyce Their drinke would be of barlie mault brued with raine water or spring water which is much drawn of next to these riuer water may take the third place of commendation It would be of a midle strength not too stale beare rather theÌ„ ale because the hops do greatly respect their liuer and splene scoureth the stomach and maketh purer and readier way for distribution of their nourishment It shall be very good for them to drinke at meales a draught of wine of good strength claret rather then white and of any kind well refined and full of wine If they drinke their wine with suger it giueth greater cheering to them maketh it to passe more easily and mitigateth their melancholicke sowrenesse Drinke betwixt meales or after meate is to be auoyded except great cause vrge Hitherto their sustenance of what kinde it ought to be of and among such varietie of food and so many good blessinges of God that way what choyce is to be made as for their order of eating and drinking and measure of both as liquid meates and brothes are most conuenient for them so I take it they may drinke largely except some accident of the stomach dissuade By reason their digestion is slowe my aduise is they eate litle and often litle because their strength beareth not much nor such mediocrity as other men often because their spirites are fewe and neede repayring besides the colde sower and setling humour of melancholie is to be refreshed as much as may be with fresh and pure nourishment and to be tempered and mitigated with that sweet and gentle mixture The outward maintenance of life and sustentation of our fraile bodies consist in house or habitatioÌ„ apparell which both must carie these properties to be cleane and nete and in all respects as much as may be satisfying the minde of the melancholicke For although meates and drinkes and ayre either vnwholesome or vnpleasaunt beare great sway in disposing the humour yet because they haue not such power to affect the minde and senses as these other haue in respect of the passion and melancholike affection they worke not so present annoyaunce The house except it be cheerefull and lightsome trimme and neate seemeth vnto the melancholicke a prison or dungeon rather then a place of assured repose and rest And the apparell except it be light cleane fitte and well sitting maketh shewe of deformitie to the melancholicke and being euer in his eye is a representation of his present calamitie verie tedious vnto him or if it be not so in his conceit being nowe farre altered yet agreing with the humour it may be meanes of increase thereof and augmenting the fancie The situation of his house or at the least of his chamber and place where he is most conuersant would be such as might let in such kinde of ayre as I haue before declared seated neither too lowe in anie bottome nor vpon hill too high except the melancholie be out of measure sadde and sullen then an high loftie and troubled ayre and such seate of house will not be amisse If the melan cholicke

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