Selected quad for the lemma: cause_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	good_a	reason_n	see_v	3,316	5	3.1434	3	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
B12021	An olde thrift nevvly reuiued VVherein is declared the manner of planting, preserving, and husbanding yong trees of diuers kindes for timber and fuell. And of sowing acornes, chesnuts, beech-mast, the seedes of elmes, ashen-keyes, &c. With the commodities and discommodities of inclosing decayed forrests, commons, and waste grounds. And also the vse of a small portable instrument for measuring of board, and the solid content and height of any tree standing. Discoursed in a dialogue betweene a surueyour, woodward, gentleman, and a farmer. Diuided into foure parts, by R.C.	Churche, Rooke.; R. C. (Robert Chambers), fl. 1612, attributed name. aut; Churton, R., attributed name.	1612 (1612)	STC 4923; ESTC S107648	77,929	121

which by law they cannot iustly who doubteth but that the King may more freely make vse and profit of his owne by inclosing and diuiding as aforesaid Further more Commons that lye open are much subiect to ill weather so as Cattell which graze vpon them are not able to continue there about foure or fiue moneths in the yeare but if once they be made into seueralties they will then become warme and the hedges and walles which do mound them will mightily preserue and defend the Cattell both from wind and weather and which will batten the soile and make the Cattell grow more fat to the great comfort and profit of the owners And would you not thinke it a good and pleasing sight to sée a large decayed Forest or wild and ruinous piece of ground which as it lieth is not worth perhaps sixe pence the Acre to be now inclosed with ditches and quickset and planted with many yong trées of diuers kinds to proue worth eight shillings or ten shillings the Acre What should I say more the Subiects pouertie will be turned into wealth his Royall Maiestie abundantly supported without any burthen or charge to his Subiects and such a flourishing estate will be both to Prince and people as the like will not be parallelled in all Christendome If all this may probably be true which I haue said what hurt or depression is there offered herein to the poore man or could I possibly haue spoken more for his greater benefit Ien. Indeed I must now confesse you haue satisfied mee with better reasons than I did euer heretofore dreame of But yet Sir I pray giue mee leaue a little by the way after all your discourse of inclosing now to fall to disclosing I meane not leuelling or pulling downe of Ditches or Hedges but somewhat more amply to disclose to you the true state and dislike of vs Husband-men and Farmers concerning this point of taking in waste grounds It is true and cannot bee denied that which you say of the benefits of inclosed Counties if they bee compared with champaine and open Counties for which wee need no further proofes than to compare Rent Essex Suffolke Middlesex Hartford-shire Hereford-shire and diuers other Counties and particular places with those of Buckingham Oxford Northampton Cambridge Lincolne Rutland and sundrie others what plentie of all thinges most necessarie for sustenance of life farre aboue other Counties are in those inclosed Counties is so infallible a truth as it cannot be denied and the reason is the agilitie and industrie of man concurring with Gods grace from whence ensueth abundance and plentie of all thinges But hence alas is our miserie when inclosures once bee made straight waies some yea very many mercilesse Landlords that estéeme it best to liue Lordlike doe péecemeale ingrosse and resume such Inclosures and expell their poore tenants leauing them in wofull state either to begge steale or starue This in my opinion is not onely now but still like to be the very Gangrene of Inclosures I must confesse that Ingrossement Resumption the Gangrene of Inclosures we poore Farmers beating Iacke for Itlls fault doe exclaime against Inclosures in which we in my conscience are rather led because of the mischiefe of Resumption which doth most commonly follow it than by any euill that we can iustly find in the Inclosure it selfe For I must fréely confesse that if we could be assured from those two Cankers Ingrossement and Resumption and in equall distribution haue portions in such Inclosures at easie rates and vpon good tearmes as you haue before spoken of neuer was there any thing more wealefully propounded nor a better meanes to frée England from idle Rogues and wandring Beggers of which kind of people some one champaine Countie hath a greater number resident therein than I thinke can be found in any foure of the inclosed Counties And now hauing something disclosed my opinion concerning the inclosing of decayed Forests Commons and Wast grounds in which also great difficultie would be in managing of it by diuiding the seuerals with indifferencie and conueniencie as also to lay out high wayes and conuenient passages for the country I pray if you please procéede in your Discourse where you left Sur. You haue spoken herein as much as possibly can bee said to which alreadie sufficient is answered and for the managing of this businesse there is no difficultie in it at all in giuing good satisfaction to euery one both for conuenient and seuerall Closes as also for commodious highwayes and passages for the good and ease of the countrey as formerly hath béene discoursed of But let vs now close vp this our inclosing Discourse and happily expect by a generall consent and applaud of euery one the practising thereof which in my opinion would be the greatest benefit that hath come to our countrey these many yeares and let vs now againe returne to our Planting Wood. Sir though you haue made a long discourse of inclosing Commons and wast grounds to which argument this our good Farmer Ienings hath added in his opinion the true reasons why it is to be feared and hated of the Communaltie yet it hath béene very pleasing and you haue also conceiued good considerations to approue your opinion and if the actors of this businesse could with that indifferencie manage these affaires accordingly as you haue spoken I sée no cause to the contrarie but that it might be generally desired of all Commoners But yet Master Surueyor there is one One obiection more against Inclosures obstacle more concerning this businesse of inclosing Commons which in my opinion is vnanswerable and that is when the King or any priuate Lord haue graunted Leases to their Tenants who dwell and haue Common sans number in such decayed Forests and Wasts how can this Common be iustly taken in and inclosed Or how can you giue them satisfaction but that their Common sans number shal be abridged and drawne into a stinted number and so their libertie contracted and diminished to their great losse for betwixt finite and infinite there is no proportion What proportion then will you in your Diuision and Inclosures make to him or them who being sans number are sans proportion and who also haue good Leases and the Kings broad Seale for many yeares so to enioy the same Sur. Master Woodward you haue put me to the narrowest pinch that yet I was driuen vnto and I maruaile you did not speake of this difficultie before but suffered me quietly to runne on as though you had béene well satisfied and yet now suddainely doe pull me backe as men doe wilde Colts giuing them a little libertie and with a suddaine ierke giues them a twitch readie to ouerthrow when thinking themselues frée they little expected such a checke Wood. Sir it is true I was content of purpose to let you runne on in your owne conceits vntill I saw you in a manner fully to determine it But for that I sée it concerneth

newly reuiued But what saith goodman Ienings to this conference it séemeth nothing pleasing to him because he hath béene so long silent Ienings It may be you hit the nayle vpon the head for these are matters beyond my capacitie or profit and therefore I intend not to trouble my selfe with them Sur. And why so is it not better for you to haue your Copies and Hedgrowes well set and growne with trées wherby you may at ease with little cost haue Houseboote Fireboote c. more then sufficient to supply your wants rather than that for want of them you perhaps doe send two or thrée myles yea it may be tenne or twelue myles or more to furnish your selfe therewith Ien. I Sir I graunt all that to be true but if wee poore Farmers take paines to plant young trées and sow Acornes these great Landlords will be sure to haue the crop thereof so that we haue nothing but our labours for our hire which indéed doth greatly discourage all honest men in that kind Sur. Herein you say but iust and reason for if by your good meanes industrie you enrich your Landlords ground with any commoditie there is also iust cause why the Lord should by déed shew himselfe thankfull to you for it But to procéede the nature of the plant and qualitie of the ground considered you are then to enclose this circuit of ground which you intend to plant or sow with a good ditch quick-set Ditch and quickset of White thorne Crabtrée or Hollin mixed together or else any one of them and by no meanes if you can chuse set any Blacke thorne amongst it for that it will grow into the fields ward and spoyle pasture and teare the wooll of the Shéepes backe though otherwise the Sloes of that bush are excellent for many diseases as also it will make a reasonable good kind of drinke for poore people by depressing the iuice out of them which done let no cattell come thereinto and when you begin to set your plants set them six or eight foot distant the one from the other and that also by a liue which distance is sufficient for them to prosper well and also they being set in that regular manner it will be much pleasing to the eye especially when they grow begin to beare leaues and then to plant them well you must haue the ground well digged or ploughed and cast vp like vnto the ridges of a corne Ground digged for ridges field about six or seuen foot wide and about one foot high and make furrowes betwéene euerie row of plants of two yards wide which so done the ayre raine and snow will much battell and mellow it to the great comfort and prospering of the plant especially if at the first you cast into the place where the plant shall be set good earth whereby the root may nourish and féed it selfe therein without raunging to fasten it selfe vpon other bad mould which may cause the trée to prosper ill Pereg. This séemeth an infinite labour and charge the gaines had néed be great Sur. It is true that vpon the first view or apprehension thereof the labour and charge séemeth somewhat great but with patience and vpon some few yeares expectancie the gaines will greatly ouertop the charge as hereafter shall be further declared Wood. But I pray Sir at what time of the yeare is it best to plant in Sur. It is a good time for planting from about the fiftéenth of Februarie to the beginning of Aprill or generally as some rather thinke it best about the later end of September The best time of planting vntill the beginning of Ianuarie following for then the chiefest nourishment is in the root of the trée and towards the spring it ascendeth to the vpper part of the plant and at such time must you plant it when the wind is neither in the East or North and fréeseth not but calme and warme and in the encrease of the Moone when the is in Taurus Virgo or Capricorne Pereg. And I pray in what sort should we make choice of our plants to be planted Sur. You shall vnderstand there is no man who either intendeth or maintaineth a bréed of Horses but desireth to furnish himselfe with faire proportionable Stallions and answerable Mares by which he expecteth like foales And so in planting I would wish euery man that planteth trées to The choice and vsing of the plant haue a speciall care that the plant be taken vp with as many roots as may be and if any be broken let them be cut off and those not broken cut the ends also of some little quantitie as you thinke good whereby they wit be the better refreshed and also make choise of your plant to haue a smooth cleane barke not rough or mossie and that the stemme be strai●ht and long without galles or frets and then set it in the earth as plum as you can and couer the rootes with good mould and presse it downe easily with your hand and foot that the root may not lie hollow from the mould and haue no ayre at all whereby it will be the better nourished to take root in this good earth which otherwise the earth lying hollow from the root it would bee in danger to die or else like to search the firme and bad ground which it should not do and if it wanteth good nourishment it would proue but a runtish or shrubbie trée After all this is done make vp your ridge sloping that the raine and wet weather may not too much ann●y it yet so that you make a little gutter at the foot of the plant for receiuing of the water in drie weather to nourish the root thereof You must also cut off the top of the stemme and leaue it to be about fiue or six foot long out of the earth and care must be taken that they be planted the same day or the next day after they are taken vp i● it may be And before The ground twice tille● you begin to make these digged ridges or plant your trées the ground must be twice tilled once in Aprill and then againe in the later end of Iuly after some great raine and also you must bee carefull to cleare them from Caterpillers if any fall vpon them when they are planted and begin to spring Ien. Though I hate your profession because you pry into our liuings yet I begin to conceiue well of your spéeches but you Surueyors are shroade and terrible men to deale withall when you come among vs poore Farmers and therefore I dare not approue your conceit herein too much Sur. I pray my friend wherein are we shroade and terrible men to deale withall for if we be employed in a Suruey of land and doe according to truth and equitie make an exact and iust certificat to the Lord of the Manor of all the particulars incident in the said Suruey what shroade or terrible dealing is this

let him then couer those holes with a little loose earth and you must set them euen and straight by a long line and which must be done in Nouember in the decreasing of the Moone in moist grounds and encreasing of the Moone in drie grounds shee being then in Aries Taurus Cancer Libra Capricorne Aquarius or Pisces and the best time to gather your Acornes for kéeping and sowing of them is in October And after they are thus set in the ground let them then be watered ●uening and 〈◊〉 it conueniently you can and that there be 〈◊〉 thereof And also be carefull that the Birds and Crowes be kept away from eating the seed or yong sprigges which grow vp and these séedes when they are come vp and growne to be trées will bee more high and tall by reason they haue alwaies the full height of their tops than your Plant that is thus set as aforesaid because his top at the setting or planting thereof is cut ●●f Some men also doe vse to sow Acornes Chesnuts c. as they ca● it vnder ●urrough with the hand as you do ca●e and which also is good both which sorts of setting and s●wing the Acorne I will leaue to your practise Wood. But I ma●uaile why you would haue such good ground charge paines bestowed thereon for the planting of your Oake considering that it is not vnknowne to you that a●●●ll in this as many other Counties of England Trees growing vpon rockie grounds great and ●●ll Timber trées doe grow and prosper excellent well vpon Rockie grounds and where such Rockes are I would rather haue them employed for those purposes than our good land Sur. The reason why trées grow vpon Rockie grounds as I conceiue is this Your Rockes or Mountaines that bring forth great trées it is to be intended that they are not firme or solide but haue many veines in them where the verie heart and mother of the soyle lyeth and where happily such trées doe chaunce to grow by being either planted or ●owne of Acornes there with●●t all doubt they will as well encrease and fructifie as vpon any other ●oyle whatsoeuer because in th●se veines the whole nourishment of the soyle doth more abundantly ascend vp and féede the trée th●n it doth in any open fertile grounds And I can giue you an instance thereof by Vines growing along the Riuer of Rhine vpon the sides of Rockes where those countrey people doe more estéeme such a Vine garden both for quantitie goodnesse of the grape than they doe a garden planted in a large and battable ground yet though we sée s●me rock●e grounds to beare large trées I would not aduise any to bestow much cost in planting them vpon such hard and desperate aduentures though yet not amisse to trie conclusions how or whether they will there prosper or no. Pereg. Sir I commend your reasons why trées doe grow vpon Rockie grounds but your opinion concerning the distance of setting Acornes I cannot approue because you allow but one foot distance betwéene euerie Acorne thus set which I thinke too little by much for considering that when they are growne vp to bee trées the longer they grow the greater they will be so that in the end there will bee no legges to beare these bodies I meane all the ground will be trées Sur. You say well for if there were no larger distance allowed for the setting of them than one square foot the ground indéed would not bee able to beare them therefore as you leaue longstwayes but one foot distance so also sidewayes you shall leaue fiue or six féet which will be distance sufficient and yet notwithstanding that distance if all of them doe not prosper well and grow straight and séemely when they are come vp as perhaps many of them will not doe you may then make a culling of the most vnhandsomest of them from the other of finer and ●eater growth and then those remaining the greater they grow the better they will prosper And this Garden or Nurcerie thus made you may when they are growne to thrée foot high remoue of them how many you please and to what other conuenient place about your ground you thinke fit and begin to remoue them from the change to the full or in the last quarter of the Moone she The best time to remoue young plants being in Taurus or Capricorne and let it be done in September October or Nouember before the rootes grow to be too strong and then being planted they will prosper much the better And when you doe remoue and set these young plants anew if you cut off the toppes and prune them they will prosper the better to beare Maste but if you intend to reserue them for Timber trées then meddle not at all with the toppes of them because they will be more straight séemely and higher for that purpose Ien. This is spoken to great reason for there is no question but if you remoue your young plants to a firtler soyle they will in short time ●reatly aduance themselues in their growth and if we did not in liue sort trium●e and dresse our Hoppes by pulling away sprigges and rootes which superfluously grow out of them and also put shéepe into our wheat grounds which grow too ranke to eat it downe wee should haue as bad Hoppes as Corne and little profit should wee haue by either so that this course of husbanding yong plants must néedes be very good Sur. You are likewise to consider to set wéeders on worke that the séedes be not smothered by wéedes nor that the ayre Weeding Sunne or heart of the earth be taken away by them which especially in wet weather will grow apace among the séedes and plants for if these nourishments and comforts doe not fréely come to the séed and tender plants newly set or come vp as I haue alreadie said there is no doubt but that it will endanger the whole Croppe which otherwise by this good meanes and labor of wéeding the● wist cause th●m to grow and prosper so well as that within short time they will haue the greater power of the wéedes and if there were no such labour in this kind the wéedes would assuredly ouer grow and spoile them and cause them to come vp a●● grow so abortiue and ill fauoured as you would neither find pleasure or profit therein Ien. You say true for as I said before of Hoppes and Corne if they be not in their kinds well pruned husbanded and wéeded in faith we were like to haue poore Croppes and therefore wéeding of these séedes and young sprigges newly come vp must needes be most excellent for their better prospering Sur. These trees and seedes thus let you must be carefull that the ground be well fenced that no manner of cattell The ground fenced may come in for spoyling the Speing and passengers would be kept out because they should not touch or handle th●se tender sprigges And this manner of