wel pleased therewich and sendeth the company good successes that serueth him and liueth in his Lawes These bee the Articles which shall appertaine to the oath of euery Souldiour as followeth EUery priuate Captaine shal sweare his Souldiours one by one and the Souldiour shall lay his hande vppon the Ensigne and make his oath to God that by the faith he beareth vnto God and his Soueraigne hee wyll obserue and kéepe all these Marshall Lawes statutes and Ordinances during the sayd iourney or else to be accounted not onely a forsworne person but to bee punished at the discretions of the Lorde Lieuetennant or Marshal The charge of all Souldiours and Officers generally ALso the whole companie of euery Captaine shall bringe theyr Ensigne with euery Officer and Souldiour to the place of assembly be it in Campe or in Garrison by night or by day and there shall dilligentlie become in order of battaile by the Sargeants so placed they shall there tarry and abide attending their Colours till commaundement bee giuen to breake vp by the Lord Lieuetennant of the fielde and then the whole companie shal returne with their Ensigne to their Lodging with the sounde of Drums and Phiffe If any fayle in this behalfe they shall bee punished as to the offence belongeth Also it behoueth all good Captaines to gratifie the good industry and dilligence of Souldiours in that behalfe yea a very good policie to assemble by night without cause of enemies to teach the Souldiours the order of battaile and to reprooue their negligence in such behalfe offending Certaine rules of Armes pertaining to Marshall Discipline sette foorth and proclaimed by the Lorde Marshall who shall see the offenders thereof punished FIrst that all men whomsoeuer as well head Officers as inferiour Officers and Souldiours shall be true faithfull Subiects vnto our most gracious Soueraigne Lady Quéene Elizabeth her crowne and dignitie and truelie to serue her vnder her Lieuetenant generall appointed in that iourney Also they shal obey all heade Officers which be appointed to serue vnder the said L. Lieuetenant as his Captaines and all such Officers as are appointed vnder the said Captaines to serue and gouerne them as his Lieuetenant his Ensigne his Sargiants and the Corporals and Launce spazadoes following defending supporting and maintaining theyr owne Ensigne and neuer to leaue the same till it be alwaies in safetie be it in times of assault allarum battaile skyrmage connoy watch ward or time of seruice And to these poynts all Souldiours shall be sworne as I haue before mentioned and sette downe All men shall gently and honestly intreate and suffer in generall all Victualers be they friendes or foes bringing victuales to the place appointed for the same by the Marshall or Coronell suffering them to passe and returne with theyr money or any other things which they are suffered to buy or exchange for theyr victuals by the Clarke of the Market or other Officers appointed for that purpose It were very good at such times hauing forraine Victualers comming into your Campe Leaguor or Towne of garison at their returne homewards to sende some Souldiour of discretion with them to bring them on the way so farre as they may without danger to themselues giuing them good words with fayre and gentle language and wise questions most necessarie for that time to be knowne which somtimes may preuaile to learne the intent of the Enemies Also if any offend the said Victualers they shall be punished as to the Law appertaineth no man shal take any thing from them by force or without any money nor vnder the price sette by the Clarke of the Market or any other bringing any other necessaries as wollin cloth Linin cloth shooes hose or weapons with such like béeing permitted by the said Officers You shall relieue poore Souldiours which by sicknesse or imprisonment amongst the Enemies is fallen in decay and lacketh meate drinck weapons or Armour and beeing a seruiceable Souldiour shall by his Captaine be restored and shall deduct the same in his wages or booties taken of the Enemie which sometime ought to be deuided for Captaines in times past hath not regarded the poore Souldiours so that some hath perrished for want of reléefe and succour All Captaines who hath any man enrowled in his booke whatsoeuer he be Souldiour Corporall Victualor Pioner Carior or any other and be taken prisoner of the Enemy the said prysoner shall not be suffered in theyr hands which may be ransomed eyther by exchange of prysoners or otherwise but with diligence shall they be redéemed and brought home to theyr Colours In lik manner if any Souldiour be taken prysoner and sent home vpon his fayth and credite the Captaine shall see that they eyther pay such raunsomes as they are agréed of or els to send them backe againe to their takers by the day appointed till some other remedie be found which thing redowneth to the onely credite and faith of a true Souldiour So shall they correct and reprooue diligently all outrages riotous persons quarrellors fighters whoremungers murtherers and robbers according to their offences committed Other penall statutes to be executed by the Marshall FIrst that no man make any fray within the Campe Leguor or Garison nor appoint any place without the same for that purpose to take any parts or carrie any tale to attempt the same vpon paine That no man killing any Cattaile within the said Campe or Leaguor doo leaue the garbidge aboue the ground or if any man or beast die within the said Leaguor it shall be conuaied out of the same a certaine space of there to be buried except the Leaguor remooue the same day vpon paine That no man shall water their horses or cast any filth into any part of the water which adioyneth to the said Leaguor but in the lowest parts appointed for that purpose vppon paine That no woman follow the Campe or Leaguor but such as be by the Marshall appointed victualers or Laundresses which shall be licenced by the Marshals byll and in his booke so recorded vpon paine That no Captaine receiue any Souldiour into wages which is put away for any notable or criminall cause vpon paine That no Captaine entice any Souldiour vnto him from any other Captaines Bande nor no Souldiour shall depart without the good will of his Captaine hauing a pasport vpon paine That no Souldiour take any weapons or Armours Garments or any other thing whatsoeuer which to another man appertaineth nor come within any other mans lodging except the owner or Kéeper thereof be within vpon paine That all men shall be lodged by the quarter Maister and béeing so lodged shall be contented with the same be it in Towne Leaguor or Campe vpon paine That no man make any brunt or noyse after the watch be sette and the warning péece shotte off so that all allarums may be heard and brought in by the Skowtes or otherwise vpon paine That no Captaine send foorth any Company about anie enterprise
Lande And as Hermes sayth vnhappy is that Prince that esteemeth himselfe happy to haue his Cofers full of treasure and his counsaile full of men of euill and corrupt liuing Also let vs remember the woorthy saying of Socrates who sayth that if a Prince be mercifull liberall and louing his estate shall prosper and his wisedome shall helpe him in hys neede If he be iust his subiects shall reioyce in him his Realme shall prosper his estate continue for glorious is that Country and Common wealth and fortunate is that Prince that is Lord of young men to trauaile and olde sage persons at home to giue graue and wise counsaile Thus hauing spoken sufficient I will conclude most humbly beseeching God so to blesse her Maiestie with long life to raigne ouer vs that wee may by her gracious proceedings be long gouerned God confound her foes and bring to lyght all traiterous Conspiratours against her most excellent Maiestie God so blesse her honourable Counsaile with increase of wisedome that all theyr consultations may redownd to the safe keeping and honour of this most famous England Amen Gyles Clayton THE ORDER OF MARTIALL DISCIPLINE AND FIRST OF THE ELECTION OF A Lorde Lieuetennaunt or a Generall for the Prince AS the entrance into warres and martiall discipline is of great charge and importaunce as wherevnto requireth no small regard and consideration to be admitted for in this blessed peace we haue continued a great time for the which wee thinke our selues in a most happie and blessed estate which is true but let vs not flatter our selues too much in this security of life and so lay away the vse of warlike weapons the which is the only preseruer maintayner of that blessed peace for as Valerius Maximus sayth without the vse and knowledge of wars and the exercise thereof this blessed peace cannot be maintayned and preserued And Augustin and Barnard both Catholike Doctors of the Church affyrmeth that this sweete and quyet peace cannot be maintayned and kept without the vse of war and Martiall exercise with such policies as is possible to be vsed for the defence of his Countrey and Common-weale and especially for the maintenaunce of true Religion wherefore it shall first and principally be considered that Officers be chosen therin of all degrées to serue in the same and those also that be men of godlie conuersation great wisdome expert and politique in Martiall affaires faythful and loyall to theyr Prince and Countrey and of such magnanimitie and courage as rather couet to climbe to honour by desert then to liue a cowardish life with shame These Officers ought also to be of ripenesse of witte at a suddaine to perswade and diswade as the cause shall require of great lenitie in their spéech and actions whereby to winne the loue and liking both of enemyes and friendes A Campe Leagar or Garison furnished with such Officers cannot but florish as the Laurell in all behauiours in so much as the Officers being themselues faythfull expert and godly the common Souldiours must needes be the better both by instruction and example of lyfe and knowe how to liue in all duetie and obedience so that vertue thus bearing sway on euery side vnitie thence immediatly springeth wherin they all in one lincke beeing knitte together there is no doubt but they must néedes preuaile against their enemies for loue and concorde in Campe or Leagar is a discouragement to the enemies and an encouragement to themselues Who by such meanes are ledde doe suppose and thinke no toyle paynefull to winne honour so forceable is loue vertue and obedience in all kindes of gouernement But on the contrarie part where corrupt gréedy and churlishe Officers are who séeking nothing more then their own priuate gaine and commoditie not regarding at al the poore souldiour whose life for his wages and honour of his Countrey is solie aduentured but what ensueth of such Officers but mutinies and discords and in fine by such onely occasions commeth the vtter raine and confusion of an whole Army But the Officers be diuers for so it is néedefull for the gouernment of a Campe or Leagar is as the gouernment of a Realm or Countrey and requireth lyke Officers to minister iustice and to suppres wrongs and iniuries and as that Common-wealth though the Lawe be neuer so pure cannot long continue in securitie where the Magistrates bee ignorant of the same so that Campe or Leagar not hauing good skilfull and politike Officers to rule place gouerne and defende their Souldiours to order their Campe to make their battailes of diuers sortes for the best aduantage against theyr enemies and for the greatest strength to place Ambushes To endomage the enemy by aduauntage and also by politike foresight to fore-sée the traps snares and Engines of the enemie and thereby to preuent the same cannot long endure But to conclude a Generall must haue an especiall care to bee well prouided for the true payment of his Armie for the want of pay doth not onely inféeble and abate the courage of Souldiours when they shall bee pincht both with hunger and colde but it bréedeth mutinies it causeth discordes it neglecteth seruice and le ts slippe opportunities To sette downe in particulars what great daungers hath happened for want of pay woulde aske a longer discourse then were requisite wherefore maintaine discipline and sée your Souldiours be well payd and well punished The Office and duetie of a Colonell generall WHen this Colonell is chosen of his Lord Generall and receiues his aucthory from him he shall choose his Captaines Lieuetennants and Sargeants Harbengers Ensignes Drums and Phifes and that his speciall care be in chusing of good Captaines Lieuetennants and Sargeantes and that they been men of gouernment expert and skilfull in seruice of such ripenes of witte which may vpon the suddaine perswade and diswade as the cause shall require He shall also examine his Captaines what choise they haue made of their Officers whether they be men of sufficient knowledge or no if hee findes them to be good then hee is to assigne euery Captaine what weapon his Souldiours shall vse He is to haue an especiall and great care in chusing of hys Lieuetennant for that he ought to be a man of great experience and knowledge in seruice for it appertaineth to him only if occasion serueth to inrancke men in time of seruice to alter and chaunge them as beste serueth for their aduantage And lastly hee shall giue great attendaunce on his Generall that he may be ready at his commandement to know his pleasure for that paynes is honorable and of great credite a place best fitting a man of countenaunce and credite whose experience ought to be great and to excéede the knowledge and experience of all other Lieuetennants The high Treasurers Office YOU ought also to choose vnto you an high Treasurer which is an Offyce of great reputation and therefore hee ought to be a man of wisdom and expert in Martiall affaires
as aforesayd hauing a great care and regarde that no Souldiour of spite or negligence doe cut the same or any way impayre it for the greatest strength of the battaile consisteth therein Of Holberders to garde the Ensigne THese Holberders should bee men of good stature and courage for that they are to beautifie the company and guarde the Ensigne wearing Curites on theyr bodies with swordes and daggers vsually called Executioners of the battail which ought to be alwaies ready at the sound of Drum or secret call to attende vppon the Collours and neuer to depart from the same till it be brought into place of good securitie Prouision to be fore-seene by the Lorde Lieuetenaunt WHen all néedefull Officers be thus chosen it then behooueth that a conuenient place be appointed where all Captaines may gather their men together in seueral companies where the Lieuetenant generall other warlike counsayle ought to be present to take the musters of them and substantially to foresée that euery man be well prouided of hys furniture according to his place of seruice also to foresée there be no lacke of Munition of all sorts both small and great also powder and bullets both small and great Caliuers Muskets Holberds Pykes Armour Scaling ladders short laders to fill Maundes for the safegard of the Ordenaunce and Gunners at time of batterie or battaile small handbaskettes ropes and all other earthware to haue sufficient tooles méete for the Labourers and Myners to worke withal if occasion serue Carts Cart-wheeles and Axeltrées both for the Ordenaunce and other carriages and that there be store of them in time of néede Also prouision for bridges if neede bee as boordes boates and Anckers other plancks and pillers fastened together with ropes and Cables also to be prouided of all manner Artificers with theyr necessaries meete for the warres as Smithes Masons Carpenters and Armorers with other such like And aboue all things to foresée there be sufficient store of victuals for all things may be beter endured then hunger for hunger ouercōmeth without stroke of enemies and one other like prouision which is money sufficient that your Souldiours may be wel paid for oftentimes money giueth courage and reuiueth the spyrits of your Souldiours for a Souldior without meate and especially without money is as a man without a soule but if your Souldiours haue money and bée well paid then shall your Campe florish like a Cittie with all manner of victuals and other necessaries most meete for your Souldiours The chusing of Guides AND when all your prouisions necessary be made and sette in good order and that you be ready to inuade your enemies Countrey then ere you begin your iourney you must be sure that you be well prouided of a sufficient number of men of the same Countrey that knoweth all manner of waies of that Countrey to the intent they may be your guides whereby you may the easier conuey your Armie and Carriages the which Guides must be carefully looked vnto by the High Marshall and the saide Guides must be vnder the safe keeping of the foresaid High Marshall béeing alwaies gently intreated to the intent they may haue no occasion to steale away These Guides in theyr examination must be promised large rewards if they doo well truely also they must haue great threatnings of cruell punishment if they deale not trulie And when examination is made you shall examine them seuerally euery one by himselfe to feele whether they agree all in one tale or no thus shall you vnderstand whether they be perfect in the waies of the Countrey or no. And although you be determined to goe one way yet must you examine thē of diuers other wayes which you intend not to goe to the intent they shall not know but be vncertaine of your determination vntill such time as you sette foorth your iourney least that your determination might be discouered to your enemies by your said Guides The Captaines care for prouision for their Souldiours ALthough these necessary prouisions be made by the Prince or Lord Lieuetenant generall yet notwithstanding it shall be needefull for euery good Captaine to make as much prouision for victuals as hee can for hys Companie vpon hys owne charges for oftentimes victuals decayeth before a man be aware likewise euery good Captaine must be prouided of all manner of tooles méete to make Lodgings and Cabines for his Souldiours and for the setting vp of Pauillions or Tents and in generall to prouide all other needful and necessary thinges for the succour and reléefe of his Souldiours Heere followeth many stratagemes and obseruatitions very necessary to be vsed for diuers good causes which may not be forgotten AND when all things is thus prouided and furnished as I haue spoken of before and then appointed to serue in Campe or Garison you shall choose out some cōuenient place to muster in and béeing their assembled it shall be necessary to publish vnto the Souldiours these obseruations stratagemes and statuts sette foorth by the Marshall and whosoeuer offendeth or breaketh any of them is not woorthie the name of a Souldiour for in silence obedience and truth consisteth the whole summe and effect of Martiall discipline in the warres Silence THey shall vse silence to the intent that they may heare and well vnderstande any precept commaundement or poynt of discipline giuen vnto them by the Officers in anie authoritie from the Prince and in time of seruice by night or by day that they may heare their enemies but not be hearde of them Manie other vertues belongeth vnto silence which for breuitie I omit Obedience THis Obedience is of great force and worketh in the harts of all true Subiects for it procéedeth from God that the Princes thēselues or any other speaking in theyr names and authoritie must be obedient although the precepts be contrarie to the mindes of some Souldiours who be not worthie to knowe the secretes of the Officers in theyr authoritie yet must they in all poynts obey them both by the Lawes of God and theyr Prince though the thinges be both painefull and perrilous vnto them Truth IN thys truth is contained so many vertues that they cannot be written in a whole booke for as faithfulnes proceedeth and hath his rewarde of God so hath the vnfaithful and vniust theyr reward of the deuill so Souldiours shal be somtimes tempted by the enemies to be corrupted with money and great promises of liuing to be false to theyr Prince and Countrey which things doone before God is condemned to perdition and before man hath lost his good name and fame for euer and all other things wherein they shoulde reioyce wherefore all good Souldiours estéeme more of theyr trueth and loyaltie thē of theyr liues for they be full assured of double reward both of God and man whether they liue or die Captaines bils called by the Clarke IT is conuenient and néedefull that at euery muster or assembly the Captaines bill shall be called by the
or exploite without the licence of the Lord Lieuetenant vpon paine That no man goe a forraging further then they be appointed by the forrage Master which is garded by the Marshals appointment vpon paine That all priuate Captaines being no head Officers of the Leaguor or Campe which must be continually busied doe watch and ward with their Colours themselues vpon paine That all Souldiours Horsemen and Footemen learne the sounde of both Trumpets and Drums which serueth to call as the mouth of Man and that they be ready at all such calles eyther on Horse or Foote vpon paine That no man doo his naturall easement within the Leaguor nor within certaine space of the same for anoying the Skowtes or standing watch except the same be buried three foote within the ground immediatly vpon paine That no man goe out of his aray eyther in day of battel or in marching vpon paine That no man carry any woman to the Leaguor or kéepe her in the Towne except she be his lawfull wife vpon paine to be punished as a vile person or a vagabond and neuer to be accounted a Souldiour in any seruice Also if any Souldiour béeing a common swearer and leaueth it not after once warning of hys Captaine or Lieuetenant shall be punished as a slaue or villaine to the example of others Also that no man take any thing of the Princes subiects without he pay truely for it or it be giuen him vpon paine Also that no man be lodged in Garison or Leaguor but onely by the Quarter Maister appointed for the same vpon paine Also that all Souldiours intreate theyr Hostis and theyr familie well béeing the Princes Subiects to the intent they may be welcome if they come againe or others in theyr places for els we shoulde not onely make warre with our Enemies but also vpon Princes friendes vpon paine Also that no Souldiour be a common dicer or drunkarde which is the onely way to wast his wages which should bee his maintenaunce otherwise to goe like a slaue vpon paine Also that no priuate Captaine nor others come from hys watch or warde beeing appointed to the same in Leaguor or Garison till they be released by other Companies or els dyscharged for what a shame is it to a Captaine when his companie dooth not theyr duetie for want of hys presence and be distressed by the meanes therof what account is such a Captaine able to make to his Prince or Lord Lieuetenant that will come away leauing his Ensigne and Companie behind him in like manner to any other man Wherefore no man shall depart from his Company vpon paine Also in times of lodging the Leaguor all Horsemen shall keepe on horsebacke vntill such time as all footemen be entered into the Leaguor or Campe and euery man appointed the quarter or place of assembly vpon paine Also those Horsemen shall see the Skowtes sette foorth to skowte vppon the high groundes on all sides of the Leaguor and to sée all Cariages Ordenaunce and Municions cleerly entred into the Leaguor or Campe before they enter or dysmount they shall remaine in theyr Armours till the place of encamping be made vpon paine Also if any allarum be made the Sargiant Maior shall resort to the place of assembly dilligently there to place euery Souldiour in good order of battaile and in the strongest manner to be deuised vpon paine The cause of allarums or shewe of Enemies to the Leaguor eyther by night or by day SOmetimes to viewe your order of array and to discouer your numbers Sometimes to viewe your Horsemen howe they be appointed with great horse for the battaile and light horse and such like Sometimes to view your Ordenaunces what store of Cannons you haue for battery fielde Peeces for the battell and such like Sometimes to viewe the situation of your Leaguor how they may best bring the allarum in the night by Canuisado or otherwise Sometimes to viewe the placing of your victuals or powder and howe they may best take or destroy the same Sometimes to traine men out of the Leaguor to bring them into the place or lappes of theyr ambush Sometimes to kéepe men waking and so to weary them with allarums whereby they shall not be able to appeare in theyr places at time of neede Sometimes to kéepe in Skowtes or Forragers vntill they doo some exployt eyther in victualing some holde or els making some breach or such like Sometimes they will mount as many Footemen as they can vppon baggage horse to make a great shewe of Horsemen Heere followeth the poynters of the Leaguor or Campe which shall take view of the place appointed THE High Marshall the Quarter Maister the Maister of the Ordenaunce the Captaines of the Pyoners or french Maisters diuers other Officers with certain Lieuetenants of euery warde to view the place appointed which Officers shall be well and strongly guarded with one or two thousand horse at the least for great honour consisteth in the safe keeping of your Marshall and other heade Officers also they be a good asiuraunce for the rest of the Armie which followeth It behooueth them to haue circumspect Skowtes which shall march before them strongly guarded with a company of Pykes and shotte or troupes of Light Horsemen least your enemies lie in ambush or deuise some other engin when you thinke least of them how to overthrow your Marshal which were a great discomfort in a field to your Souldiours and a greater encouragement to the Enemies Wherefore make your Marshall strong that goeth before and hee shall bee a good strength to them that follow and when the Marshall is arriued at the place appointed for the Armie where they shall lodge and that hee and the rest of his companie haue viewed round about the same then it shall be meete for the Captaine of the Pyoners and the Carriage Maisters to returne to the Armie to sée theyr Companie and carriages conueyed to the place before appointed and to leade them as in times past haue béene vsed which is to march but fiue or sixe myles in foure howres so your Arinie shall come at time conuenient to theyr lodging to prouide forrage and such necessaries and not to be ouertoyled and made wearie for a wearie man béeing assailed in time of his wearines is halfe ouercome by the reason of hys wearines In lodging the Armie aforesayde YOU shall lodge the Armie where they may be Lordes of theyr commodities which may not be spared as Wood water and pastures which must be good and swéete alwaies kept cleane being thus furnished the Marshall and quarter Master shall appoint to place the Arinie on the higher ground where they may haue the most aduantage against the enemies if they should approache them The Master of the Ordenance shall place his charge to the most aduantage of the hyll where they may best discouer and shoote to those partes where the enemies might best approche Also if your enemies assault they shall climbe vppe