off Limbes juyce of Hemlocke is used to mitigate the paine by putting the spirits to flight and casting the Patient into a swoone 19. The thickning of the spirits by Flight and driving inwards is a good effect of Poppy-juyce proceeding from a bad Cause being the flight of the spirits 20. Poppey was esteemed by the Graecians to bee a great preserver of Health and prolonger of Life the principall ingredient used by the Arabians called Gods hands was Poppey-juyce the bad qualities thereof being allay'd with other mixtures as Treacle Mithridate and the like 21. All Medicines thickning the Spirits as Poppey doth especially and staying and restrayning the Spirits unruly working and raging in pestilentiall Diseases are good to prolong life 22. A good quantity of Poppy-juyce being found by experience to be comfortable is taken by the Turkes to make them valiant but to us unlesse taken in a small quantity and well allay'd it is deadly poyson 23. Poppy-juyce doth also strengthen the spirits and excite to Venery 24. The distilled waters of wilde Poppy is good for Surfeits Feavers and divers Diseases the spirits being therby thickned and strengthened to resist any diseases 25. The Turkes drinke the powder of an hearbe in warme water to increase their valour and sharpnesse of wit but a greater quantity thereof is of a stupe fying power like Poppey 26. The East Indians refresh themselves before and after labour by holding in their mouths or eating a famous Roote called Betell enabling also their acts of Generation being also of a stupefying power because it blacketh the teeth 27. Tobacco in this age growne so common and yeelding such a secret delight and content that being once taken it can hardly be forsaken doth lighten the body and take off wearinesse opening the pores and voyding humours but thickning the spirits being a kind of Henbane and doth like Poppy buzzell and trouble the braine 28. Some humours of the body as those proceeding from melancholy are like Poppey-juyce and doe cause long life 29. Opium Or Poppy-juyce the Leaves and seeds of both kinds of Poppey also Henbane Mandrake Hemlocke Tobacco Nightshade or Banewort have all a drowsie stupefying power 30. Treacle Mithridate Trifer Paracelsus Gumme Syrrop of Poppey Pills of Hounds tongue are compouded drugs of the sale nature 31. These Presecriptions Prolong life by thickning the spirits by coolers 32. In Youth keepe every yeere a coole dyet about May the spirits in Summer being loose and thinne and no cold humours bred and take a Julip of Poppey and other hot ingredients but not too strong every morning between sleep then keepe a spare diet for fourteene dayes afterward forbearing Wine and hot Spices 33. Smoakes and steames being not too purgative to draw forth humours but having a light operation on the spirits of the braine doe coole the spirits as well as coolers therfore a Suffumigation made of Tobacco wood of Aloes dry Rosemary-leaves and a little Myrrh being in the morning received into the Nostrills is very wholesome 34. But the Water of compound Opiate Drugs the vapor rising in distilling and the heare settling downwards is better to bee taken in youth than the drugs for the vertue of distilled water is in their vapour being in other respects weake 35. Some Drugs being like Poppy but not so strong doe yeeld a drowsie cooling vapour and wholesomer than Poppy not shunn'd by the spirits being thereby gathered together and thickned 36. The drugges like unto Poppy and therewith used are Saffron and Saffron flowers the Indian Leafe AmberGrīse Coriander-seed prepa red Amomum Pseudamomum Rhodianwood water of Orange Blossomes and an infusion of the flowers steeped in Oyle Olive and a Nutmeg dissolved in Rose-water 37. Vse Poppy sparingly at set times but these other Drugs being commonly taken and in dayly dyet are very soveraigne to prolong life Pharmacopaeus in Calecut by using Amber lived to one hundred and sixty yeeres of Age and the Nobility of Barbary by using the same drugge are longer liv'd than the common people And our long-liv'd Ancestors used Saffron very-much in their Cakes and Broths So much of thickning the spirits by Poppy and Other drugges 38. The second way and meanes to thicken the spirits is by cold for cold doth properly thicken and by a safer operation and working than the malignant qualities of Poppey though not so powerfully yet because coolers may be familiarly used in dayly dyet they are better to prolong Life than drowsie Potions or Drugs 39. The spirits are cooled by breathing by vapours or by dyet the first way being best but difficult the second good and easie the third weakeand tedious 40. The cleare pure Ayre which may be taken on the dry tops of mountaines and in open shady fields is good to thicken the spirits 41. Also vapours doe coole and thicken and Nitre hath in this kind a speciall operation grounded on these Reasons 42. Nitre is a kind of cold Spice being so cold that it biteth the tongue as hot Spices doe 43. The spirits of all Drugges Naturally not Accidentally cold are few and weake spirituall Drugges being on the contrary hot Nitre onely having aboundance of spirits is of a vegetable nature and cold For Camphire is spirituall and cold in operation by accident and the thinne quality thereof being without sharpnesse doth lengthen the breath in inflammations 44. Also Nitre mingled with Snow and Ice and put about vessels doth congeale and freeze the liquor within and common Bay-salt doth make Snow colder and more apt to freeze But in hot Countries where no Snow falls Niter is onely used 45. 〈◊〉 and Souldiers to make them valiant doe drinke Gunne-powder before they fight or joyne Battaile as the Turkes doe Poppy 46. Nitre doth allay the destroying he are of burning 〈◊〉 and Pestentiall 〈◊〉 47. The Nitre in Gun-powder shunning the flame when a Peece is fired doth make the crake and report 48. Nitre is the spirit of the earth for any pure earth covered or shaded from the Sun-beames so that nothing doe spring or grow thence will gather store of Nitre the spirit of Nitre being inferiour to the spirit of living creatures and of Vegetables and Plants 49. Cattell drinking of water wherein there is Nitre doe grow fat being a signe that the Nitre is cold 50. Land and Grounds are made ranke and mellow by the fatning quality of the spirit of Nitre which is in dung 51. Therefore the spirit of Nitre will coole thicken and refresh the spirits and abate their heate For as strong Wine and Spices doe enflame the spirits and shorten life so Nitre composing and restrayning the spirits doth lengthen life 52. Nitre may bee used with meate and eaten with Salt to the proportion of a tenth part and put in morning Broaths from three Graines to ten or in drinke and being used in any manner moderately it Prolongs Life 53. As other Drugges besides Poppy being weaker and safer to bee taken in greater quantity and oftner doe
THE HISTORIE of Life and Death With Observations Naturall and Experimentall for the Prolonging of LIFE Written by the Right Honorable Francis Lord Verulam Viscount S. Alban LONDON Printed by I. Okes for Humphrey Mosley at the Princes Armes in Pauls Church-Yard 1638. Academiae Cantabrigiensis Liber TO THE Right Worshipfull Sr. EDWARD MOSLEY Knight his Majesties Atturny General of the Dutchey of Lancaster c. SIR THe Honourable Author of this History was such a miracle of Learning that Fancy striving to comprehend his Worth would be lost in Wonder and Amazement this Work of his retaining an affection to Grayes-Inne where the Author is and shall bee remembred by the Living and Posterity hath an originall ambition before it walk abroad into the World to visit Your Worship being a worthy Ornament of that Society that so Your respective entertainment may instruct the Envious and Ignorant Tribe to reverence rather than udge Honorable Personages and their Labours It will become mee onely to waite on the Imaginations of so great a Genius and while they converse with You in a nearer distance to acknowledge that Your Worships Name dignified with deserved Titles the Seales of vertue agreeing with mine only in Denomination made mee presume of Your Favour in accepting them and my Intention full of Service viceable respects hoping that verbum sat c. a word will bee sufficient to present this Oblation and the humble service Of Your Worships Honourer HUMPHREY MOSLEY TO THE Living and Posterity THE History of Life and Death being the last of sixe Monethly designations seemed worthy to bee preferred to bee the second in Publication because the least losse of time in a matter of so great utility should bee pretious for wee hope and desire that it may redound to the good of many and that noble Physitians raising their minds may not be wholly imployd in uncleane cures nor honoured only for necessity but become also the Stewards of Divine Omnipotency and Clemency in prolonging and renewing the life of Man especially since it may be done by safe convenient civill but untryed new waies and meanes For while 〈◊〉 Christians aspire and labour to come to the Land of Promise it will be a signe of Divine favour if our shoos and the garments of our frail bodies be here little worne in our iourney in the worlds wildernesse THE History of Life and Death The Accesse ANcient is the saying and complaint that Life is short and Art long Therefore our labours intending to perfect Arts should by the assistance of the Author of Truth and Life consider by what meanes the Life of man may be prolonged For long Life being an increasing heape of sinnes and sorrowes lightly esteemed of Christians aspiring to Heaven should not be dispised because it affoords longer opportunity of doing good Workes Moreover Amatus survived the other Disciples and many Fathers especially many holy Monkes and Hermites lived very long whereby it seemes that this blessing of long Life so often repeated in the Law was after our Saviours time lesse diminished then other earthly benedictions But the happinesse of long life is naturally desired although the meanes to attaine it through false opinions and vaine reports be hard to find the generall opinion of Physitians concerning Radicall mosture and Natural heat being deceiveable and the immoderate praise of Chymicall Medicines possessing others with failing hopes That which admits reparation remayning whole and sound in Essence may be eternally preserved as the Vestall Fire whereupon Physitians and Phylosophers perceiving that the bodies of living creatures being nourished repaired and refreshed grew old afterward and speedily perished they sought Death in an irreparable subject supposing Radicall moysture incapable of solid reparation from Infancy there being no just reparation but an unlike Addition sensibly by Age decayed and at last corrupted and dissolved This conceit of theirs was ignorant and vaine for young living creatures being all over and wholly repaired do by their increasing in quantity and growing better in quality shew that if the measure and manner of repairing decayed not the matter of repairing might be eternall But the 〈◊〉 in repairing proceeds from the unequall repairing of some parts sufficiently others hardly and badly in Age the bodies of men beginning thereby to undergoe Mezentius torment living in the embraces of the dead untill they dye and being easily repairable yet through some particular difficulty in restoring doe decay For spirits blood flesh and fatnesse are in the declining estate of Age easily repaired but there is much difficulty and danger in repairing the dry parts and fuller of pores as membranes tunicles nerves arteries veines gristles most of the bowels and all the organicall and instrumentall parts For when those parts that should performe their office to other actually reparable parts cannot being decayed in strength execute their office a generall ruine follows and parts naturally restoreable through defective Organs of Reparation doe decrease and decay For the spirit like a light flame continually feeds on bodies and the Ayre without conspiring therewith doth suck and dry the fabrick and instruments of the body which are thereby decayed and made unfit to performe the office of repairing And these are the true wayes whereby natur all Death approacheth deserving due consideration For how can Natures course if unknowne bee helped or prevented Therefore the meanes whereby the consumption or decay of mans body may be prevented and the repairing and restoring thereof furthered are most precious and worth knowing The spirits and ayre without are the chiefe causes of consumption and the generall progresse of Nourishment is the cause of restoration For the spirit within and the ayre without doe worke on dead bodies striving also to produce in living bodies the same effects though weakened and restrayned by the vitall spirits and partly by them increased For bodies without life doe a long while subsist and endure without Reparation but the life of creatures without due nourishment and reparation suddenly decayes and is extinguished like fire Therefore a two-fold search is required considering mans body as livelesse and unnourished and as living and nourished So much for the Preface proceeding now to the Topicks or common-places of the search Particular Places OR Poynts of Inquiry concerning Life and Death 1. OF Nature durable and lesse durable in liveles bodies and in Vegetables no copious or Legall but a summary briefe inquiry is made 2. Of the Drinesse Withering and Consumption of livelesse bodiesand Vegetables of their manner and progresse in working and also of hindring and staying of Drying Withering and Consumption and the preservation of the state of Bodies and also of Mollifying Softning and Reviving beginning to be affected with Drinesse make diligent inquiry 3. Yet no perfect exact inquiry is needfull concerning these poynts included under their proper Title of Duration and Continuance beeing not principall matters in this Inquiry but such as doe onely affoord light to prolonging and restoring of Life in
condensate and thicken the spirits by flight so Drugs of an inferiour nature and operation to Nitre doe also coole and thicken the spirits 54. All Drugges inferiour to Niter smell earthly like good pure earth newly turn'd up and digg'd the chiefe whereof are Burrage Buglosse Burnet Strawberry-leaves and strawberries Cowcumbers and fragrant Apples Vine-leaves and Buds and Violets 55. Next to these are Drugges of a hot smell but cooling as Balme Citrons and Lemmons greene Oranges Rose-water roasted Peares Damask and Red Roses and Muske-Roses 56. These Fruits inferiour to Nitre for thickning the spirits should bee used raw not roasted their cooling spirits being by fire dispersed therefore to infuse or squeeze them into Drink or to eate or smell to them raw is best 57. The spirits are thickned also by the odour and smell of other Drugges inferiour to Poppey and Nitre For the smell of pure fresh earth comming from following a Plough or digging or weeding and the smel of leaves fallen from trees in Woods or Hedge-rowes at the beginning of Autumne is good to coole the spirits and especially wither'd Strawberry leaves also the smel of Violets of the flowers of Pellitory of the Wall of Blackberries and Madre-selve is cooling 58. A Noble man of my acquaintance who lived to bee very old did usually after sleepe smell to a clod of fresh earth 59. Also Endive Succory Liverwort Purflaine c. doe by cooling the blood coole also the spirits though not so soone as vapours and smells So much of thickning the spirits by Flight The third kind of thickning is by Delight the fourth by the restraint of their cheorefulnesse joyfulnesse and too violent motions 60. The spirits are mitigated and thickned by such acceptable pleasing Objects as doe not draw them forth but afford them inward delight whereby being collected into their Center they enjoy themselves and therein finde a sweete content 61. The former Positions of drugges inferior to Opium and Nitre being here remembred further inquiry of thickning the spirits by cooling will bee needelesse 62. The restraint of the violent affections and motions of the spirits shall bee hereafter declared now the thickning of the spirits having beene shewed the qualification and temper of their heate follows 63. The spirits should not bee hot and sharpe but strong and lusty to conquer and subdue resisting matter not to attenuate expell thin humors Spices Wine and strong drinke must be temperately used and after Abstinence hath refreshed the appetite and also Savory Margerum Penny-royall and all heaters that bite on the tongue must bee seldome used The heate by them infused into the Spirits being not operative but a devouring heate 65. These Hearbs strengthen the heate of the Spirits Endive Garlicke Blessed-Thistle young Cresses Germander Angelico Wormseed Vervin Set-well Myrthe Pepperwort Elder-budds and Parsley and being used in Sawces and Medicines are hot in operation 66. Also of cooling Drugges compounded with Euphorbium Bastard Pellitory Stavesacres Dragon-wort Anacardium Oyle of Beaversstone Hart-wort Opoponax Gumme of Agasillis and Galbanum and the like to allay the drowsie stupefying power of Poppey a very good Medicine to strengthen the spirits and make them hot and lusty may bee made like Treacle and Mithridate being not sharpe nor biting on the tongue but bitter and of a strong sent yet hot in the stomacke and in working or in their Operations 67. The desire of Venery often stirred up and excited but seldome satisfied in Act doth strengthen the heate of the spirits and so doe some of the affections So much of the heare of the spirits being a cause of long life 68. The spirits should not abound but be few and moderate for a small flame devoures not so much as a greater 69. A sparing Pythagoricall dyet such as Monks and Hermits under the Order of St. Necessity and St. Poverty used is good to prolong life 70. Also drinking of water hard lodging cold spare Dyet of Sallets Fruits and powderd flesh and sale Fish without any fresh warme meate a haire-shirt fasting watching abstinence from sensuall pleasures doe abate and diminish the spirits which being reduc'd to a quantity sufficient to maintaine life doe make lesser wast on the body 71. But a higher Dyet somewhat above those rigorous moderate Dyets being kept man equall constant manner hath the same operation For a great constant quiet flame consumes not so much as a lesser which blazeth and is somtimes bigger sometimes lesser and Cornarus Venetus keeping such a constant Dyet and drinking and eating so many yeeres by just proportion and weight lived in perfect health untill hee was an hundred yeeres of age 72. Also to avoyd inflammation of the spirits a full-sed body not mortified by strict dyets must use seasonable Venery lest the spirits swelling too much doe soften and destroy the body so much of the moderate plenty of spirits 73. The restraynt of the spirits motion is next considerable for motion doth make the spirits hot There be three Restrayners of the spirits Sleepe avoyding of violent labour exercise and wearinesse and the governing and moderating of troublesome affections And first of Sleepe 74. Epimenides slept many yeeres in a Cave without any food because the spirits in sleepe devoure not much radicall moysture 75. Also Dormice and Bats doe sleepe in holes all the Winter sleep restrayning the consrming power of their vitall spirits so Bees wanting Honey and Butter-flies and Flesh-flyes do live by sleep 76. Sleepe after Dinner the first Vapours of meate like a Dew ascending then into the head is good for the Spirits but unwholesome for the body And sleepe is as nourishing as meate for old folkes who should often take light Refections and short naps and beeing growne extreame olde should live in continuall ease and Rest especially in Winter 77. Thus moderate sleepe being sound and quiet doth prolong Life 78. To make one sleepe soundly and quietly Violets are good sod Lettuce Syrrup of Roses Saffron Balme Apples eaten before going to Bed a sop dipt in Malmsey wherein a Muske-Rose hath beene steeped or a Pill or Potion made of these Ingredients Also all binding Drugges as Coriander-seed prepared and roasted Quinces and Peares doe cause sound and quiet sleepe But a good draught of cleere cold Water is best to make young folkes having strong stomacks sleepe soundly Voluntary Extasies and fixed profound Meditations joyned with a quiet minde doe thicken the spirits more than sleepe making them rest from outward operations as sleepe doth So much of sleep 79. Violent wearisome exercises and motions as Running Tennis Fencing are not good nor strayning of strength to the uttermost as Leaping and wrestling for the spirits by such violent nimble motions and straining of the strength being droven into a narrow roome doe become more sharpe and praedatory or devouring but Dancing Shooting Riding Bowling and such moderate Exercises are very healthfull Some of the affections and passions of the minde doe shorten the life of man and some
moisture 17. For oyle and fat alone and also in mixture and composition are hardly dissipated and wasted For water is sooner consumed and Dryed than oyle alone sticking longer in paper or a Napkin before it be Dried 18. To breede this oylinesse in the body roasted or baked meate is better than boyled or stewed or dressed in any kinde with Water more oyle beeing Distilled and extracted out of drye substances than moist 19. And generally all sweete things doe moysten the body with this oylinesse as Sugar Honey sweete Almonds Pine-Apples Pistacke-nuts Dates Raysons and figs but all sower salt sharpe meates doe breede no dewy oylinesse 20. Also Seeds Nuts and roots the Maniches using no other dyet are good with meat in Sawces for all kinde of bread beeing the confirmer of meats is made of Seedes or rootes 21. But Drinke being the Waggon carrying downe meate doth especially moisten and soften the body Therefore Drinkes not sharpe or sower but ripe and cleere are best as Wine beeing as the old wise sayd in Plautus toothles with age also stale Beere and Ale beeing not sharpe but ripe and pleasant 22. Metheglin strong and olde is a good Drinke but beeing incorporated with Sugar insteede of Honey which is sharpe as the Water is by Chymists thence extracted would bee better espeoially after a yeare or sixe moneths age the rawnesse of the water beeing then gone and the Sugar growne subtil and spirituall 23. But olde Wine and stale Drinke beeing subtill and full of oylinesse are also Spirituall and sharpe and not so Good therefore Porke or Venison well boyled being laid into Vessels of Wine Ale or Beere the spirits of the wine and of other lyquors feeding thereon will lose their sharpnes 24. Also Beere or Ale bread of Wheate Barley and Pease with Potato roots B ur rootes and other sweete rootes to the quantity of a third part is better to prolong Life than drink made onely of Graine 25. Flowers also being not sharp or biting are good sawces and sallets for meate as Ivy-flowers with Vinegar taste pleasantly and Marigold leaves and Betony flowers in broaths So much of the operation in the bodies moisture The Operation on the inward parts to make them digest and drive out nourishment 5. The History 1. How the Stomacke Liver Heart and braine the principalls parts and Fountaines of Concoction may be comforted and made to performe their offices by imparting Nourishment and spirits to the severall parts and renewing the Body Physicall Rules and Prescriptions doe declare 2. The spleene gall reynes midriffe small guts and lights being members serving the principall parts are here confiderable because their Diseases cured by Physicke may bee derived to the principall parts But by good digestion and the soundnesse strength of the principall parts life is prolonged and the Body nourished and kept from decaying in old age 3. But Medicines and Dyets agreeable to the state of bodies and comfortable to the foure principall parts are in Physicke prescribed For 〈◊〉 and Physick are necessary to recover and preserve health but Life is chiefly lengthned by a good physicall diet prescribed in these choise Receipts following 4. The stomack resembling the good man of the house and being the cause of all Concoction and Digestion must be fortified and strengthened by being kept temperately warm retentive and cleane without oppressing humours not empty or fasting being nourished by it selfe more than by the veines and lastly in appetite whereby Digestion is sharpned 5. Warme drinks are also very good For a famous Physitian would usually at Dinner supper 〈◊〉 messe of hot broth very greedily and afterward wish that he could cast it up again saying that he needed not broth but the broths warmth 6. At supper the first cup of wine Beere Ale or any other kinde of Drinke must bee alwayes warmed 7. A draught of wine wherein Gold was quenched is good at meales the Gold having no vertue but as other mettals yet Gold quenched in liquor leaves therin a binding power without other qualities belonging to metals 8. Sopps of bread dipped in wine wherein Rosemary and Citerne barke have beene infused with sugar are better in the middle of meales than wine 9. 〈◊〉 are good to 〈◊〉 the stomacke but syrrup 〈◊〉 Quinces taken alone after meales and with vinegar before meales is better than Quinces beeing somewhat too 〈◊〉 for the stomacke 10. 〈◊〉 Elecampane Masticke Wormwood Sage and Mint are excecding good for 〈◊〉 stomacke 11. 〈◊〉 of Aloes Masticke and Saffron taken in winter before dinner are also very good the Aloes beeing first washed in Rosewater and the infusion of Dragant in vinegar and then dissolved in sweet fresh oyle of Almonds 12. An infusion of wormwood with a little Elecampane and Sanders may be sometimes used in Winter 13. In Summer a 〈◊〉 of white 〈◊〉 of the infusion of powder of Pearle and powder of River Crevises shells and a little chalke doth very much refresh and strengthen the stomacke 14. But all cold morning-draughts commonly used as Syrrups Decoctions Whey Beere or Ale are unwholesome coolers being not good for an empty fasting stomack but five houres after Dinner and an Houre after a light Breakefast they may be used 15. Fasting often is bad for long life and so is also all kind of thirst for the stomacke must be kept cleane but alwayes moyst 16. The annoynting of the backe-bone over against the 〈◊〉 of the stomacke with 〈◊〉 fresh Oyle-olive of the 〈◊〉 of Mithridate is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for the stomack 17. A bagge of locks of Wooll 〈◊〉 in sharpe Wine after the in fufion of Myrtle 〈◊〉 Barke and a little 〈◊〉 is good to be worne alwayes next the stomack And so much of comforting the 〈◊〉 handled more largely in other operations 18. The Liver must be kept from Inflammation drynesse and obstruction happening in Age the waterish loosenesse thereof being a disease 19. To the Rules hereunto belonging delivered in the Operation of blood these choise Prescriptions may be added 20. Promegranate-Wine or Pomegranate-juyce newly squeezed into a glasse may be taken in the Morning with some sugar and a little Citron-bark and three or foure whole Cloves and used from February to the end of April 21. Young Cresses taken either raw or in broth or drinke are exceeding good and also Spoonewort 22. Aloes washed and allayed is hurtfull to the Liver therefore not commonly to bee taken Rheubarb dissolved in sweet oyle of Almonds and Rose-water is good for the Liver being taken before meate because a dryer and at severall times either alone or with Tartar or a little Bay-salt lest by purging away the thinne matter the humours should become tougher and harder 23. Take the Decoction of Steele twice or thrice a yeere to loosen Obstructions and stoppings in the liver two or three spoonefuls of Oyle being first taken and the Body especially the Armes and fore part of the stomacke afterward stirred by exercise 24. Sweete Drinkes keepe the Liver
IN oyly fat substances not clamy the spirits are willingly detayned The Explication THE Spirit not incited by the Antipathy of an encompassing Body nor fed by too neere likenesse of a Body doth not strive much to depart As in oyly substances being not so trouble some to the spirit as hard substances nor so like it as watry substances nor tempted forth by the flattery of encompassing Ayre CAN. 17. THE suddaine departure of the watery humour doth make oylinesse endure the longer The Explication WAtery spirits as was sayd being like Ayre doe sooner depart than Ayre oyly spirits slower having not so much affinity with ayre But both these moystures being in most bodies the watery spirit doth vent before the oyly and the former getting forth by degrees carryeth with it the latter Therefore light drying is healthfull maling the watery humour expire not forcing out the watery humour there by becomming more perfect and both hindering putrefaction and preserving the body yong And therefore light rubbings and exercise breathing the body not procuring sweate doe exceedingly lengthen life CAN. 18 THE exclusion or keeping out of the ayre lengthens life other inconvemences being avoyded The Explication THE evolation or departing of the spirit as was sayd is a two-fold action proceeding from the Appetite of the Spirit and of the Ayre The former Action may be stayed and taken away by Oyntments the Remedies for the inconveniences ensuing thereon being prescribed in the second Operation CAN. 19. By young spirits being put into an aged body the course of 〈◊〉 may be suddainly brought about againe to youth The Explication THE Spirits are in Nature like the highest wheele turning about the other wheeles in Mans body and an especiall Engine to lengthen Life Besides the spirits are easily and soone altered For Operation on the spirits is two-fold one by Nourishment being slow and indirect the other suddaine directly working on the spirits by vapors or by affections CAN. 20. THE moisture of the body being hard and oyly doth lengthen life The Explication THE Reason is grounded on a former Rosition that hard and oyly substances are hardly dissipated or dispersed But yet as was sayd in the tenth Operation hard moisture 〈◊〉 lesse dissipable is also lesse reparable and an inconvenience therefore joyned with a convenience can produce no great effect But the oyly moysture being not dissipable and also reparable is therefore diligently to bee regarded CAN. 21. Sv btile thinne piercing substances without gnawing Acrymony or sharpnesse doe breed 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Explication THis Canon is more difficult in practice than in 〈◊〉 For all piercing 〈◊〉 and sharpe substances doe 〈◊〉 and corrode hardening 〈◊〉 but the penetration of the subtile substances without violence doth bedew and water the body as was 〈◊〉 in the fourth and seventh Operation CAN. 22. ASstmilation or Digestion is best performed when all locall motion doth cease The Explication THis Canon in the Cōment on the third Operation is sufficiently explained CAN. 23. Nourishment received by outward meanes not onely by the stomacke would lengthen life if it may be effected The Explication NOurishment doth work in a compasse course but infusions more suddainly therfore outward nourishment would be good because the faculties of digestion doe faile in age And inward Nourishment joyned with outward Nourishment by baths oyntments and glisters wonld be more powerfull and strong CAN. 24. DIgestion being weak to drive out nourishment the outward parts must be comforted to draw forth nourishment The Explication 〈◊〉 His Canon and the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 are not the same for 〈◊〉 of outward 〈◊〉 differs from Extraction 〈◊〉 drawing out of in ward 〈◊〉 but both by several 〈◊〉 doe helpe weaknesse 〈◊〉 Digestion CAN. 25. ALL 〈◊〉 renewing of the Body is wrought either the Spirits or by softning The Explication IN the Body there are spirits and parts where Nourish 〈◊〉 by a compasse-course 〈◊〉 but vapours and 〈◊〉 doe work suddainly on the spirits and softning on the parts yet externall Nourishment and softning must not bee confounded softning intending not to nourish the parts but make them more nourishable CAN. 26. SOftning is wrought by like substances by piercing and shutting substances The Explication FOr Consubstantials or like substances doe properly soften conveying substances drive in and binding shutting substancesdoe retaine and restraine Perspiration or breathing forth being a motion contrary to softning Therefore as was said in the ninth 〈◊〉 softning cannot be 〈◊〉 once effected but by an 〈◊〉 proceeding First by 〈◊〉 and keeping out the 〈◊〉 by thicke Oyntments because the outward thicke 〈◊〉 doth not supple the body but the subtile vapours thereinto penetrating and piercing Secondly by softning 〈◊〉 Consubstantialls and the 〈◊〉 substances for Bodies by the gentle touch of like substances doe open and loosen 〈◊〉 pores Thirdly by 〈◊〉 of the like substances and 〈◊〉 restrayning 〈◊〉 Afterwards binding 〈◊〉 Plasters and Oyntments 〈◊〉 good applyable untill 〈◊〉 subtile softnesse of the 〈◊〉 be growne hard and solid CAN. 27. THE frequent renewing of reparable parts doth bedew and moysten the lesse reparable The Explication IN the beginning of the History the perishing of the more reparable and lesse reparable parts together was called the high way of Death and therefore the Reparation of these parts should be most intended For as Aristotle well observed that in Plants new sap passing through the boughes doth refresh the body also so in like manner by often repairing the flesh and blood of the body the Bones and Membranes and other lesse reparable parts by the passage of new moysture and being cloathed with new flesh and blood may be 〈◊〉 renewed CAN. 28. COoling not passing by the stemacke doth lengthen life The Explication FOr a strong cooling of the Blood is necessary to prolong Life which cannot bee effected inwardly without hurting the stomacke and bowels CAN. 29. COnsumption and reparation being both effected by heate 〈◊〉 by their conioyned Operation 〈◊〉 length of Life The Explication ALL great workers are destroyed by the mixture of Natures helpfull and hurtfull in severall respects Therefore Judgement in practice must distinguish good heates from hurtfull CAN. 30. DIseases are curable by Medicines but Life must bee lengthned by Dyets The Explication ACcidentall Diseases their Causes being taken away doe cease but the continuall course of Nature flowing like a River must bee stopt and turn'd backe by Dyets whereof there are two kinds set dyet used at certaine times and familiar dayly Dyet Set Dyets are more powerfull being able to turne backe Natures course and sooner change and alter the Body than usuall Dyets In the Intention three set Dyets are onely mentioned the Dyet with Opium the Dyet for softning and the Dyet for making leane and renewing the Body But in dayly Dyet these Prescriptions good also in set Dyets are most effectuall Nitre and Drugges subordinate to Nitre the government of the Affections and the kinds of Studies Coolers not passing by the stomacke oyly Drinkes making the Blood firme by Potions of the Powder of Pearle and wood Drugs Oyntments to keepe out the Ayre and keepe in the Spirits outward heaters to further 〈◊〉 after sleepe avoyding inflamers of the Spirits infusing into them a sharpe heat as Wines and hot Spices and the moderate and seasonable use of Drugges infusing a strong heate into the Spirits as Saffron Cresses Garlick Elecampane and compositions of Opium CAN. 31. THe living Spirit doth immediatly perish being destitute of motion cooling or nourishment The Explication THese are three Doores of Death formerly mentioned being the proper and immediate passions of the spirit For all the Organs of the principall parts serve them in performing their Offices And the destruction of the Organs doth cause their Defectivenes Therefore all other wayes to Death meete in these three commonroades But the Fabricke of the parts is the Organ of the spirit as the spirit is of the reasonable Soule being immortall and Divine CAN. 32. FLame is a momentary Substance Ayre a fixed the living spirits in creatures is of a middle Nature The Explication THis Canon requires a deeper search and larger Explication than is here requisite Flame is continually generated and extinguished and continued only by succession But ayre is a fixed body not subject to dissolution for though the ayre doth out of moisture generate new ayre yet the olde ayre remaineth whence proceedeth the over-burdning of the ayre mentioned in the title of Winds But the spirits participating of the nature of flame and ayre is nourished by Oyle being of the same kinde with flame and by ayre homogeneous to water For the spirit is not nourished by an oyly or waterish substance but by both And though ayre and flame oyle and water are hardly blended and compounded yet they agree in a mixtbody The ayre raysing quicke and delicate conceits in the Fancy and the flame enciting noble active Desires in the Soule The continuance also of the spirit is compounded beeing neyther so momentary as flame nor so fixed as ayre And therfore is not accidentally extinguished like a flame by contraries for the spirit is not so hard beset with Destructive qualities But the spirits are repayred by lively fresh Blood insinuated through the Arteries into the Braine by a speciall manner of reparation not now to be mentioned FINIS Artic. 1 Artic. 20. Artic. 3. Cōnexion Artic. 4. Artic. 5 6 7 8 9 and 11. An admonition Artic. 10 An admo nition Artic. 15 Connexion 〈◊〉 Admonition Artic. 16
in Age doe signifie long life 45. Astrologicall Observations drawne from the Horoseope or Nativity are not allowable Children comming at eight Moneths are commonly still-borne but Children borne in Winter are long-liv'd 46. A strict Pythagoricall Dyet or Cornarus Dyet of equall proportion are good to make Schollers and Fryars live long But by free eating and drinking and a plentifull Dyet common people live longest A moderate temperate dyet though healthfull is no cause of long life for the strict Dyet doth breed few spirits consuming lesse moysture and the full Dyet yeelds more repairing nourishment but the moderate Dyet affords neither fewer spirits nor more nourishment the meane of good extreames being not so good as of bad extreames With a strict dyet watching must bee used to keepe sleepe from oppressing the spirits being few and also moderate exercise abstinence from Venery But a plentifull Dyet requires much sleepe frequent exercise and seasonable venery Baths and Oyntments formerly used for delight not to prolong life shall bee hereafter in the following Propositions exactly handled But the learned and wise Physitian Celsus held that variety and change of good plentifull dyet was best also watching but longer and oftner sleepe fasting also but more frequent Feasting and businesse sometimes but more often pleasure and recreation were good and healthfull In keeping a good dyet being the greatest lengthner of Life there are different observations I remember 〈◊〉 an old man of above an hundred yeeres of Age produced for a witnesse in a Plea of Prescription having given in evidence and being askt by the Iudges by what meanes hee had lived so long answered By eating before I was hungry and drinking before I was thirsty but this matter shall bee heereafter handled 47. A religious holy Life may cause a long life for retyrednesse rest divine Contemplation spirituall joy noble hope wholesome feare sweet sorrow newnesse of life strict Observations Repentance and Satisfaction doe lengthen the naturall life of a mortified Christian and the austere dyet of such a life hardens the Body and humbles the Spirit so that Paul the Hermite and Simeon the Anchorite and many other Monkes lived thus in the Wildernesse untill they were old 48. Next unto this is the learned life of Philosophers Rhetoricians and Grammarians living in ease and thoughts not appertaining to businesse without griefe delighting in variety impertinences and in a free voluntary expence of time in the pleasant conversation of young men But Philosophies in respect of long life are different for superstitious high contemplative Philosophies as the Pythagoricall and Platonicke and naturall Philosophy Metaphysicks and Morall Philosophy of Heroicall vertues were good studies to prolong life such were the Philosophies of Democritus Philolaus Xenophon Astrologians and Stoicks also sensible Philosophies not profound and speculative but agreeable to common opinion were good studies profest by Carneades and the Accademicks Rhetoricians and Grammarians But difficult subtile Philosophies weighing matters in the Scale of Principles and full of thorney questions were bad studies whereunto the Peripateticks and Scholasticks were devoted 49. The Countrey life busied in imployments abroad being active and keeping a fresh homely dyet without care and envy doth therefore prolong life 50. The Military life is good in youth many excellent Warriers having beene long-liv'd as Corvinus Camillus xenophon Agefilaus and other both ancient and moderne Also the improvement of Vertue by increasing dayly in goodnesse and labouring in youth doth prolong life the remembrance thereof being sweet in age Besides military affections raised with the desire and hope of Victory infuse into the Spirits heate agreeable to long life Medicines for long life MEdicines there are many for preserving Health and and curing Diseases but few to prolong life Therefore those notables Medicines called Cordials shall be here propounded For Cordials taken to fortifie and strengthen the Heart and Spirits against poyson and diseases being with Iudgement used may by all likely hood be as powerfull to prolong life These heere selected and orderly set downe are best 1. Gold is exhibited and used three wayes in potable Gold Gold quenched in Wine or substantiall Gold as Leafe-Gold and powder Gold Potable Gold was given first in dangerous desperate Diseases for an excellent powerful Cordiall receiving the virtuall effect from the spirit of Salt wherein it is dissolved for Gold would bee more soveraigne could it bee without corrosive waters or by Corrosives cleared of their venemous quality dissolved 2. Pearles are taken in loose powder or dissolved in the sharpe juyce of greene Lemmons or in spiced Comfits and drinkes The Pearle and the shell whereunto it cleaves are of one nature and in quality like the shells of River-Crabs 3. Two Christalline precious Stones are chiefe Cordials the Emerald and Iacinth given in the same manner as Pearles but not usually dissolved yet these glasse greene stones are of a sharp operation The benefit and helpe received from these medicinall Species shall be hereafter declared 4. Bezars Stone is of approoved vertue recreating the spirits and provoking gentle sweat Unicornes Horne is of like esteeme with the Harts Horne and the Bone of the Harts heart Ivory and the like 5. Amber-Grise is very good to comfort and refresh the spirits These Drugges following are of approved vertue Hot. Saffron The Indian Leafe Wood of Aloes Citron Barke Baulme-Mint Graines Avens or Sanamund Orange Flowers Rosemary Mint Betony Blessed Thistle Cold. Nitre Roses Violets Strawberry bush Strawberries Syrrop of Lemmons Syrrop of Oranges Juice of Apples Borrage Buglosse Burnet Sanders Camphire Prescriptions for Dyet being here onely delivered hot waters and Chymicall Oyles by Chymists sayd to be under the Planet of Mars having a destructive furious operation and also hot biting Spices are to bee rejected and waters must bee made more temperate lively and fragrant than Phlegmatick Distillations or hot Extractions of the spirit of Wine 6. Often letting blood having beene formerly much used and all Observations falling out fit and convenient is good to prolong life the old moysture of the body being thereby evacuated and emptied and new introduced and bred 7. Consumptious also and sicknesses procuring leanenesse being well cured doe lengthen life the Body being thereby supply'd with new moysture after the consumption of the old Therefore it is sayd that to grow healthfull after such a Sicknesse is to grow youthfull therefore the procuring of sicknesse by Artificiall Dayets shall be hereafter declared Intentions INquiry having beene made concerning livelesse bodies Vegetables living creatures and Man a new search by true and proper Intentions resembling the paths of mortall life shall be made and more effectuall than all former contemplations of comforting naturall heate and Radicall moysture or of meates breeding good Blood neither hot nor Phlegmaticke and of refreshing and recreating the spirits or of Medicines of Gold being of all mettals least subject to corruption and of precious Stones recreating the spirits by their hidden qualities
doe cause long life 80. By exceeding great joy the spirits are made thinne loose and weake but by familiar common Recreations they are not loosened but strengthened 81. Joy arising from sensuall pleasure is bad but the remembrance of former ioy or the apprehension of ioy to come conceived onely in the imagination is good 82. An inward conceived ioy sparingly vented doth comfort the heart more than a vulgar immoderate expression of ioy 83. Sorrow and Griefe beeing without Feare and not too heavy and Grievous doe prolong Life by Contracting the Spirits which is a kinde of Condensation or Thickning 84. Great Feares doe shorten Life for though Sorrow and Feare doe both contract the Spirits yet Sorrow doeth onely contract but Feare mingled with Care and Hope doth heate and Vexe the Spirits 85. Anger being close and suppressed is a kinde of vexation making the spirits devoure the moisture of the body but being vented and getting forth doth strengthen the heate of the spirits 86. By Envy the worst passion the Spirits and by them the Body are hurt and weakned beeing alwayes in Action and Working for Envy is sayde to keepe no Holy-dayes 87. Pitty and Compassion of anothers misery whereinto wee cannot possibly fall is good but Pitty reflecting backe and exciting Feare of beeing in as bad a case is bad 88. Shame lightly at the first drawing in the spirits and afterwards sending them forth againe doth make blushing bashfull Folkes commonly long-liv'd But shame arising from Reproach and continuing long doth contract and choake the spirits 89. Love not unfortunate nor wounding too deepe being a kind of joy is governed by the rules prescribed for joy 90. Hope being the best of all the Affections and Passions is very powerfull to prolong Life if like a nodding Nurse it doe not often fall asleepe and languish but doe continually feed the fancy with beholding good Obiects And therefore such as propound certaine ends and purposes to be compassed thriving and prospering therein according to their desire are commonly long-liv'd but having attayned to their highest hopes all their Expectitions and desires being satisfied doe not live long afterward 91. Admiration and light contemplation are very good to prolong Life keeping the spirits busied in 〈◊〉 matters and in a peaceable quiet gentle temper So that all Philosophers and observers of the Wonders of Nature as Democritus Plato Parmenide Apollonius were long liv'd Also Rhetoricians tasting onely matters following the light of speech not obscure dark Philosophy were also long-liv'd as Gorgias Protagoras I socrates Seneca Andas old men are Talkative so Talkative men doe often live to bee old men For Talkativenesse is a signe of a light Apprehension not binding or vexing the spirits but subtile acute studies wearying and weakening the spirits doe shorten life So much of the motion of the spirits by the pafsions of the minde some generall Observations not included in the former Division doe follow 92. The spirits must not bee often loosed nor made thinne being thereby loosed for the spirits being once extenuated loosened and made thinne are not easily collected and thickned The spirits are loosed by excessive Labour exceeding violent passions of the minde much sweating much Evacuation warme Baths and intemperate or unseasonable Venery also Care Griefe doubtfull expectation sicknesse sorrow and payne doe dissolve and loosen the spirits and should therefore bee avoyded and shunned 93. The spirits delight in Customes and Novelties for customes not used untill they grow wearisome and Nove'ties much desired and then enjoy'd doe wonderfully preserve the vigour of the spirits Therefore Judgment and Care should bee shewed in leaving off Customes before they become loathsome and contemptible and in making the desire of Novelties stronger by restraint and in altering and changing the course of our life lest the spirits imploy'd in one setsed kind of Life should grow heavy and dull For though Seneca sayd well A foole doth alwayes beginne to live yet this Folly and many other doe lengthen life 94. It is observable contrary to common custome that the spirits being in a good quiet sound temper discerned by the quietnesse and inward joy of the minde should bee cherrished not changed 95. Ficinus saith that Old men should comfort their spirits with the actions of their childhood and youth being a Recreation proper to Age. Therefore the remembrance of former Education together is pleasant in conversation and the place of Education is beheld with delight So that the Emperour Vespasian would not alter his Fathers house being but a meane building because the old House did put him in remembrance of his Childhood and besides on festivall Dayes hee would drinke in a Silver-tip'd wooden Cup which was his Grand-mothers 96. Also an alteration of life for the better is acceptable and delightfull to the Spirits Therefore Youth and Manhood having beene spent in pleasures proper and peculiar to those Ages Old age should enjoy new delights especially moderate ease Therefore Noble-men in their Age should live a retired kind of life as Cassiodorus having beene in great favour with the Gothish Kings of Italy and accounted the soule and life of their Affaires at fourescore yeeres of age retired to a Monastery living there to 110. yeeres of Age and there dyed But such Retyrement should be before the body bee decayed and diseased for then all changes though for the better doe hasten death and a retyred life being undertaken their minds and thoughts should not be addicted to idlenesse but imploy'd in pleasant delightfull studies or in building and planting 97. Lastly the spirits are recreated by labour willingly undertaken but consumed by action or labour performed with unwillingnesse Therefore a free kind of life by Art contrived to bee at our owne disposing and an obedient minde not resisting but yeelding to the power of fortune doe prolong life 98. And for the better governing of the Affections the body must not bee soluble or loose for on all the affections except those arising from melancholy as Drunkennesse and Melancholy such laxativenesse and loosenesse hath more power than on the heart or braine 99. This operation of making the spirits continue youthfull and lusty not mentioned by Physitians hath beene more diligently handled because the readiest and most compendious way to prolong Life is by renewing the Spirits working suddainly on the body as vapours and passions doe worke on the spirits in a direct not indirect manner The Operation on the exclusion or keeping out of the Ayre 2. The History 1. THe Exclusion or keeping out of the Ayre doth in two respects lengthen life First because the outward Ayre animating the spirits and being healthfull doth next unto the inward spirits devoure the moysture of the body growing thereby dry and withered 2. Secondly by the Exclusion and keeping out of Ayre the body being shut and closed and not breathing forth at the pores the detayned spirits by their working doe soften the hardnesse of the body 3. The reason
from growing dry Salt hot and cold especially being incorporated and made of sweete Fruits and Roots as Raysons Iujuba dry Figges Dates Parsnips Potatoes and Lickorish Also Drinke made of Indian Maze and other sweete Compounds is very good It is an observation that the keeping of the Liver fat and soft doth lengthen Life and the opening of the Liver procures health in obstructions joyned with inflamations curing also drynes 25. Succory Spinage and Beet after their pith is taken out being boyled in water with a third part of white wine untill they bee soft are with oyle and Vinegar good ordinary Sallets Also Sperage-buds and stalkes and Burre-rootes well sod and seasoned and Broth made with young Vine-buds and blades of greene Wheate are good So much of strengthning the Liver 26. Because the heart receives most benefit or harme by the vapours of the ayre drawne in by breathing or by affections and passions therefore the former Rules concerning the spirits may bee thereunto applyed but no Physicall Cordials but Antidotes strengthening the heart and spirits to resist the allayed poyson These Cordials are formerly mentioned 27. A good ayre is better known by Experience than Signes The best ayre is on a levell open playne the soyle being dry not barren and sandy but naturally bearing wild Bettony Fetherfew and wilde Mints shaded with some trees and Black-berry-bushes and watred with no great river but with cleare gravelly brooks 28. The Morning Ayre is healthfuller than the Evening Ayre which is accounted more pleasant 29. An Ayre somewhat rugged and stirred with a gentle winde is better than a calme cleare Ayre and in the Morning the west wind is best but the North-winde in the Afternoone 30. Sweet odours and smells are very comfortable to the heart yet a good ayre hath not alwaies a good smell for as pestilent ayres have no very bad smell so oftentimes wholesome aires are not very sweete and fragrant but the odour and sent of a good ayre should bee interchangeably taken for one continuall excellent odour or sent oppresses the spirits 31. Nosegayes are good in the open ayre but growing flowers yeeld the best odours and sents as Violets Gilliflowers Pinkes Beane-blossomes Linden-buds Vine-buds Honey-suckles Pellitory-flowers Muske-Roses other Roses yeelding no great sent withered Strawberries Blackberry-bushes in the Spring Wilde Mint Lavendar and in hot Countries the Orange-tree Citron Myrtle and Bay Also walking and sitting in such sweete Ayres is very good 32. Cooling smells are better for the Heart than hot sents therefore in the Morning and at Noone the steame of perfumes made of Vinegar Rose-water and Wine put into a Brasse-pan being received into the Braine is very good 33. And wine powrd on the earth digg'd or turn'd up being no sacrifice yeelds a good scent and smell 34. Also Orange-flower water mingled with Rose-water and Brisk-wine and being smell'd unto or infused into the nostrills is very good 35. Small Pills made of Amber Muske Lignum Aloes Lignum Rhodium Flower deluce-roots Roses Rose-water and Indian Balsam being chewed and held in the mouth are comfortable for the heart and spirits 36. Vapours arising from Medicines taken inwardly to strengthen and cherish the Heart must bee wholesome cleare and cooling hot vapours being naught for Wine yeelding hot vapours is like Poppey in quality Cleare vapours are such as have more vapour than exhalation being not altogether smoaky and oyly but also moist 37. The chiefest Cordials used in dyet are Amber-Grise Saffron Kermes being hot and dry and for coolers Buglosse and Borage-roots Oranges Lemmons and Apples Also powders of Gold and Pearle doe coole the blood and stomacke leaving no bad quality 38. Bezar-stone being not taken in Broath 〈◊〉 or Rose-water but in Wine or Cynamon-water or some other water not hot or strong is an approved Cordiall for the spirits 39. Observe also that great constant and Heroicall desires doe strengthen and enlarge the heart and so much of the heart 40. Opium Nitre and other inferiour drugs procuring sleepe are good for the Braine being the Animall spirits seate and residence and protected or annoyed by the stomacke and therefore stomacke Cordials are comfortable also for the Brayne as these Receipts be three wherof are outwardly one inwardly applyable 41. Bathe the feet every week in a bath made of Lye Bay-salt Sage Camomile Fennil sweet Marjoram Angelico leaves 42. Suffumigations also or perfumes of dry Rosemary dry Bay-leaves and Lignum Aloes for sweet Gummes oppresse the head are good every morning 43. No hot drugs or Spices except Nutmegs may bee outwardly applyed to the Head but unto the soles of the feete they may be laid but annointing of the Head lightly with Oyle Rose-water Myrtle-water Salt and Saffron mingled together is very good 44. A Morning potion of 3. or 4. graines of Oyle of Bezars stone with a little Angelico seed and Cynamon once in 14 dayes being taken in the Morning doth strengthen the braine and thicken quicken the spirits 45. All these Cordials taken in Dyet doe comfort the Braine variety of Medicines being the Daughter of Ignorance many Dishes breeding many Diseases and many Medicines effecting few Cures And so much of the Operation on the principall parts for extrusion and driving out of nourishment The Operation on the outward parts for attracting and drawing nourishment 6 The History 1. GOod Digestion of the inward parts being the chiefe cause of good Nourishment the outward parts must also performe their Offices and Duties that the inward faculty may drive out Nourishment being attracted by the outward faculty then requiring most strengthning whe Digestion is growne weake 2. The outward parts by bodily exercise comforted and warmed doe thereby cheerefully attract nourishment 3. But exercises attracting new moysture to the limbes being violent doth loosen the limbes and consume the old moysture 4. Frication also and rubbing is in the morning very good for the Body being afterward lightly annoynted with Oyle lest by rubbing the outward parts by Respiration and vapouring should bee weakened 5. Exercise nibbing and chafing the Limbes together is also very good being moderate not strayning or toilesome for the Body must not respire nor sweat too much by rubbing or exercise Therefore exercise is better abroad than in the House and in Winter than in Summer Also after exercise annoynting is good and before and after violent exercises as Fencers before and after their prizes were heretofore annoynted 6. Exercise on a fasting stomack doth by sweating loosen the Spirits and moysture of the Body and beeing unhealthfull on a full stomacke is best after a light breakfast not of Physicall morning potions or Ray sons or Figges but playne meate and Drinke moderately taken 7. Exercise must stirre all the Body not as Socrates sayth the Knees or Armes onely but generally all the Limbes of the body and the posture of the body should bee every houre changed except in sleeping 8. Mortification is a kinde of Vivification and rene wing for
my youth I was familiarly acquainted at Poicters in France with an ingenious young Gentleman afterward an eminent man who inveighing against the conditions of Age would usually say that old mens minds being visible would appeare as 〈◊〉 as their Bodies 〈◊〉 afterward comparing the mindes vices in Age to the 〈◊〉 defects saying They 〈◊〉 skinn'd and impudent 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and envious 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 Earth not Heaven being their constant Object 〈◊〉 Limbs wavering and unconstant wooked finger'd greedy and covetous knees 〈◊〉 and fearefull 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 But to make a more serious Comparison Youth is shamefac'd and modest Age is hardened Youth is liberall and mercifull Age is hard youth emulates age envies youth is religious and fervently zealous being unexperienced in the miseries of this World age cold in piety and charity through much experience and incredulity youth is forward in defire age 〈◊〉 youth light and inconstant age grave and constant youth is liberall bountifull and loving age covetous and wisely provident youth confident and 〈◊〉 age distrustfull and 〈◊〉 youth gentle and 〈◊〉 age froward and disdainfull youth sincere and simple age cautelous and close youth haughty in desires age carefull for necessaries youth a Time-pleaser Age a Time-rememberer youth an Adorer of Superiors age a Censurer And by many other Characters impertinent to the present matter the different conditions of youth and age may bee described But the body growing fat in age so the Iudgement not the Fancy growes stronger preferring safe sure courses before shows appearances And lastly Age loves to 〈◊〉 and brag and being defirous to doe least is desirous to talke most Poets therefore feigned that old 〈◊〉 was changed into a chirping Grashopper Canons of the Continuation and Forme of Death CANON 1. DIssolution or Corruption 〈◊〉 by transmigration into another Body The Explication THere is no utter destruction Corruption being a dissolution into Ayre or 〈◊〉 into some other body As the Spider Flye and Ant 〈◊〉 tender 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 falling into Amber 〈◊〉 therein buryed finding therein both a Death and 〈◊〉 preserving them 〈◊〉 from Corruption than a Royall Monument For no Ayre being within there can be no corruption and the 〈◊〉 nature of Amber 〈◊〉 of no Reception from their substance Wood or Roots being put into 〈◊〉 would also remaine 〈◊〉 Waxe Honey and Gumme doe also preserve 〈◊〉 corruption CAN. 2. EVery tangible body hath Spirit covered and encompassed with a thicke body being the cause of consumption and dissolution The Explication NO knowne body on the upper part of the Earth doth want a spirit either by 〈◊〉 and concoction of coelestiall heate or by other meanes for the concavity and hollownesse of bodies admitting no vacuity or emptinesse is fill'd with Ayre or a spirit But this spirit here mentioned is no power efficacy or perfection but onely a 〈◊〉 invisible body yet locall dimensive and reall neither is this spirit Ayre as the juyce 〈◊〉 Grape is not water but a 〈◊〉 body like Ayre yet 〈◊〉 but the thicke parts 〈◊〉 substance being 〈◊〉 slow and almost 〈◊〉 would endure longer 〈◊〉 the working piercing spirit 〈◊〉 not devoure the moysture 〈◊〉 body and all that is 〈◊〉 vertible into a new spirit 〈◊〉 former new made spirits 〈◊〉 by degrees 〈◊〉 together This is evident the decrease of waight in 〈◊〉 bodies by venting of 〈◊〉 not increasing the 〈◊〉 of a body but yet by 〈◊〉 making it grow dry CAN. 3. THE 〈◊〉 of the spiriti is the cause of Drynesse but by inward detaining and warking they doe soften 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quicken The Explication THere are foure workings of the Spirit Drynesse Softning Putrefaction and generation of bodies Drynesse is no proper worke of the Spirit but of the thicker parts after the venting of the Spirits shrinking and uniting together to avoide vacuity or emptinesse as burned Bricks doe Sea-coale cakes stale Bread and Toasts Softnesse is 〈◊〉 worke of the Spirits 〈◊〉 by heate whereby the Spirits enlarging not venting 〈◊〉 pierce into and moysten 〈◊〉 thicker parts making 〈◊〉 soft and limber as Fire 〈◊〉 Mettalls and Waxe for 〈◊〉 and other stiffe 〈◊〉 are of a matter fit to 〈◊〉 the Spirits and keep 〈◊〉 from venting 〈◊〉 is a mixt work of the 〈◊〉 thicker parts for after 〈◊〉 spirit contayning and 〈◊〉 the parts of the 〈◊〉 is vented all the parts 〈◊〉 and returne into their 〈◊〉 Elements because by the spirits of substances gathering 〈◊〉 putrefied bodies stink 〈◊〉 the assembling together of 〈◊〉 becōming light 〈◊〉 the withdrawing of water and earth are dissolved and fall asunder But generation or quickning being a mixt worke of the spirit and thicker parts is performed in another manner the spirit being totally detayn'd swelling and moving locally but the thicker parts being not dissolved but following the motion of the spirit blowing and fashioning them into divers Formes are generated and become bodies therefore the matter quickned is alwayes clammy limber plyant and soft be thereby fit to detayne the spirit and to yeeld to the spirits fashioning of parts such being also the clammy yeelding matter of all Vegetables and living Creatures generated of 〈◊〉 or seed CAN. 4. ALL living Creatures have two Spirits dead Spirits 〈◊〉 those in livelesse Creatures 〈◊〉 the living Spirits The Explication NEcessary is the consideration of Mans body as 〈◊〉 and unnourished or 〈◊〉 and nourished the 〈◊〉 shewing the wayes of 〈◊〉 the latter of 〈◊〉 For there are in the 〈◊〉 Bones Skinnes Organs 〈◊〉 the severall limbes of the 〈◊〉 body such spirits as are 〈◊〉 the Flesh Bone and Skinne 〈◊〉 separated and Dead 〈◊〉 in a Dead 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the vitall spirits governing and agreeing with them is of a different nature integrall and constant They differ in two respects mortuall dead spirits are not continued but disjoyned and inclosed in a thicker body as Ayrein Snow or Froath But the spirit being continuate passing through certaine Channels and totally inclosed is either pervious passing through small pores or continuate and resident in a proportionable quantity to the Body in a hollow seate or Fountaine whence lesser Rivalets are derived This seate is the Ventricles of the Braine being straite and narrow in the baser sort of living creatures whose spirits being spred through the whole body have no particular 〈◊〉 residence as in 〈◊〉 Eeles and Flyes whose 〈◊〉 being cut asunder will 〈◊〉 afterward And Birds their Heads being pluckt off will leape and flutter because their Heads being small their spirits have therein no 〈◊〉 residence But 〈◊〉 have large Ventricles especially Man And besides the vitall spirit is inflameable being compounded of Flame and Ayre as the moysture of Living creatures is of Oyle and Water the 〈◊〉 giving it motion and 〈◊〉 as inflameable smoak before it blaze into a flame 〈◊〉 hot thinne and moveble being when it is a flame 〈◊〉 substance but the 〈◊〉 of the vitall spirits is more gentle than the flame of the spirit of wine beeing compounded of an aiery substance