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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A87190	Samuel Hartlib his legacie: or An enlargement of the Discourse of husbandry used in Brabant and Flaunders; wherein are bequeathed to the Common-wealth of England more outlandish and domestick experiments and secrets in reference to universall husbandry. Entered according to the late Act concerning printing.; Legacy of husbandry	Hartlib, Samuel, d. 1662.; Dymock, Cressy, attributed name.; Child, Robert, ca. 1612-1654, attributed name.; Weston, Richard, Sir, 1591-1652. Discours of husbandrie used in Brabant and Flanders.	1651 (1651)	Wing H989; Thomason E628_11; ESTC R202377	80,387	139

of the said plants will be delivered at a smaller rate then they can be affoarded being carried from hence having resolved also in the meane time that there shall be published in print a plaine Instruction and Direction both for the increasing of the said Mulberry-trees the breeding of the Silke-wormes and all other things needful to be understood for the perfecting of a worke every way so commendable and profitable as well to the planter as to those that shall use the Trade Having now made knowne unto you the motives as they stand with the Publique Good wherein every man is interessed because we know how much the example of our owne Deputy-Leintenants and Justices will further this cause if you and other your neighbours will be content to take some good quantities hereof to distribute upon your owne lands we are content to acknowledge thus much more in this Direction of ours that all things of this nature tending to plantations increase of science and workes of industry are things so naturally pleasing to our own disposition as we shall take it for an argument of extraordinary affection towards our person Besides the judgement we shall make of the good dispositions in all those that shall expres in any kinde their ready minds to further the same And shall esteeme that in furthering the same they seeke to further our honour and contentment who having seene in few years space past that our Brother the French King hath since his coming to that Crowne both begun and brought to perfection the making of Silkes in his Countrey where he hath wonne to himselfe honour and to his Subjects a marvellous increase of wealth would account it no little happinesse to us if the same worke which we begun among our people with no lesse zeale to their good then any Prince can have to the good of theirs might in our time produce the fruits which there it hath done whereof we nothing doubt if ours will be found as tractable and apt to further their owne good now the way is shewed them by us their Soveraigne as those of France have been to conforme themselves to the Directions of their King Given under our Signet at our Pallace of Westminster the sixteenth of November in the sixt year of England France and Ireland and of Scotland the two and fourtieth 15. Deficiency is the Ignorance of the Husbandry of other 15. Deficiency concerning the Ignorance of the Husbandry of other places places viz. what seeds what Fruits what Grasses they use what Ploughes Harrowes Gardening-tooles they have how ill they manage and improve their lands what cattel they have how they feed and fatten them and how they improve their Commodities c. For there is no Countrey where they are such ill Husband-men but in some particular or other they excell as we see even in the several Counties of this Island every County hath something or other wherein they out-strip their Neighbours And that much profit may arise from hence in this Nation is manifest by that excellent Treatise which is published by you concerning the Husbandry of Flaunders wherein briefly are set down divers particulars very usefull for us here in England and formerly unknowne And without question France Spaine Italy Holland Poland Germany c. have many excellent things both for Husbandry Physick Mechanicks worth the manifesting and very beneficial to us so likewise there are divers things in our plantations worth the taking notice of in Husbandry To passe by the Southerne Plantations as Barbadoes Antego Saint Croix Christopher Mevis Monferate where the Commodities are onely Cotten-woolls Sugars Gingers Indicoes which our cold Climate will not produce and also Tobacco which groweth also with us about Norwich and elsewhere We will onely saile upon our Northerne Plantations Virginia New-England and instance in a few things Why may not the Silke-grasse of Virginia the Salsaperilla Sassafras Rattlesnake-weed which is an excellent Cordial be beneficial to us as also their Cedars Pines Plum-trees Cherries great Strawberries and their Locusts which is a prickly plant a swift grower and therefore excellent for Hedges be useful to us So for New-England why should we thinke that the Indian Corne the Marsh-wheate that excellent Rie the Pease which never are eaten with magots the French or Kidney Beanes the Pumpions Squashes Water-Mellons Musk-Mellons Hurtleberries wilde Hemp Fir c. of those parts are altogether uselesse for us as also the Cramberries which are so called by the Indians but by the English Beare-Berries because it 's thought the Beares eat them in winter or Bar-Berries by reason of their fine acid taste like Bar-Berries which is a fruite as big and as red as a Cherry ripe onely in the winter and growing close to the ground in bogs where nothing else will grow They are accounted very good against the Scurvy and very pleasant in Tarts I know not a more excellent and healthfuller fruit But some will object that they will not grow here with us for your forefathers never used them To these I reply and aske them how they know have they tryed Idlenesse never wants an excuse and why might not our forefathers upon the same ground have held their hands in their pockets and have said that Wheate Barly would not have grown amongst us and why should not they have beene discouraged from planting Cherries Hops Licorish Potatoes Apricockes Peaches Melicotones and from sowing Rape-seeds Colliflowers great Clover Canary-seeds c. and many more of this kinde and yet we know that most of these have beene brought to perfection even in our dayes for there is a Vicissitude in all things and as many things are lost which were knowne to our forefathers as well the Purple colour c. as you may read in Pancivoll so many things are found out by us altogether unknowne to them and some things will be left for our posterities for example not to speak of Gun-powder and Printing nor of the New-world and the wonders there which notwithstanding are but of a few 100 years standing I say 20. Ingenuities have been found even in our dayes as Watches Clocks Way-wisers Chaines for Fleas divers Mathematicall Instruments Short-writing Microscopes by the which even the smallest things may be discerned as the egs eyes legs and haire of a Mite in a Cheese likewise the Seleno-scope which discovereth Mountaines in the Moone divers stars and new planets never seene till our dayes But to returne to our purpose I say that in Husbandry it is even so For the Auntients used divers plants which we know not as the Cytisus-tree so much commended for Cattel as also their Medick fodder which Colum. saith endureth 10. years and may be mowen 4. yeares 7. times in a yeare one Acre he esteemeth enough for 3. horses This fodder likewise is accounted very sweete and healthful whereas the plants which are usually called Medicaes with us are Annual plants and have no such rare proprieties So we are ignorant what

Successors then he received it from his Predecessors and that he despiseth the Liberalities of God who by Slothfulnesse loseth that which his land may bring forth as not seeming willing to reape the fruits which God hath offered him Nay he threatens the crime of high Treason to those that do not augment their Patrimony so much as the Increase surmounts the Principal It is a thing much celebrated by Antiquity and thought the noblest way to gather Wealth for to imploy ones Wit and Money upon his Land and by that meanes to augment his estate If you observe the Common Course of things you will finde that Husbandry is the End which Men of all estates in the world do point at For to what purpose do Souldiers Scholars Lawyers Merchants and men of all Occupations and Trades toyle and labour with great affection but to get Money and with that money when they have gotten it but to purchase Land and to what end do they buy that land but to receive the Fruits of it to live and how shall one receive the fruits of it but by his own Husbandry or a Farmers So that it appeares by degrees that what course soever a man taketh in this world at last he cometh to Husbandry which is the most Common Occupation amongst men the most Natural and Holy being commanded by the mouth of God to our First Fathers There is Care and Diligence requisite in Husbandry as there is in all the Actions of the World and therefore as a Captain hath a Lieutenant to command his Souldiers in his absence or for his ease So must you provide some able honest man to whom you will commit the execution of such things as you your selves cannot do without too much labour whereof you must often take an account and conferre with him as occasion shall require about your businesse that nothing may be left undone for want of Providence To such a man you must give good wages with intent to advance your own gaine and take the more ease by reason of his honesty and knowledge You will finde this Husbandry after you have once had experience of it to be very pleasing to you and so exceeding profitable that it will make you diligent For no man of any Art or Science except an Alchymist ever pretended so much gaine any other way as you shall see demonstrated in this ensuing Treatise The Userer doubles but his Principall with Interest upon Interest in seven yeares but by this little Treatise you shall learne how to do more then treble your Principal in one years compasse And you shall see how an Industrious man in Brabant and Flaunders would bring 500. Acres of barren and heathy Land that was not worth at the most above 5. l. a year to be worth 7000. l. a year in lesse time then seven years I know no reason why the like may not be done in England for we are under as good a Climate as they are Our heathy Land that is neither Sand nor Loame is as good a soile as their barren ground is We have not onely Dung to enrich our Land but also Lime and Marle of which they know not the use where they sewe their gainfullest Commodities mentioned in this ensuing Treatise nor of any other Manure but onely Dung In fine I am certain there is none of their Commodities but grow in England as they do in Brabant and Flaunders but ours are not of the same kinde as theirs nor put to the same use What cannot be vented at home may as well be vented from hence into Holland as the like Commodities are from Flaunders thither I will say no more of this Subject in the Preface onely it remaines to tell you that you must not expect either Eloquence or Method in this ensuing Treatise but a true Story plainly set forth in the Last Will and Testament of your Father which he would have you execute but before all things to be sure you lay the Foundation of your Husbandry upon the Blessings of the Almighty God continually imploring his divine aide and assistance in all your labours for it is God that gives the increase and beleeving this as the Quintessence and soul of Husbandry Primum quaerite Regnum Dei et postea haec omnia adjicientur vobis These things being briefly premised I will leave the rest to this short ensuing Treatise and commit you all with a Fathers Blessing to the Protection and Providence of Almighty God Thus far Sir RICHARD WESTON'S Introduction to the Discourse of BRABANT-HUSBANDRY which is shortly to be published in a Second Edition corrected and enlarged If any desire to have the great Clover of Flaunders or the best sorts of Hemp and Flax-seeds of those parts or Saint Foine LaLucerne Canary-seeds or any sorts of Seeds of this kinde Let them enquire at Mr. James Long 's Shop at the Barge on Billingsgate and they shall upon timely notice have them procured new and very good from France or Flaunders at reasonable Rates The greater Faults escaped in Printing PAge 11. line 29. for Raith Rape reade raith or early-ripe Rape p. 22. l. ult for these in Northampton-shire I know r. these In Northamptonshire I know c. p. 41. l. 26. for a hundred hands r. a thousand hands p. 57. l. 17. for Spine r. Spaine p. 78. l. 4. for how ill they manage r. how they till manage p. 87. l. 16. for putrifyed r. petrefied p. 93. l. 13. for go tound as the causes of their operations r. go round as an horse in a mill and endeavour very little to advance or know the causes of their operations p. ead l. 17. for the is r. is the. p. ead l. ult for on r. our p. 94. l. 31. for dence r. pence p. 99. l. 23 for Maram's works r. Markam's works p. 105. l. 20. for mentioned r. as mentioned p. ead l. 29. for avdance r. advance p. 126 l. 23. for The Professors of Art and Industry preferre their private gain r. The Professors of Art and Industry besides their private aime also at a publick good these preferre their private gaine c. A Large letter concerning the Defects and Remedies of English Husbandry written to Mr. SAMUEL HARTLIB SIR According to your desires I have sent you what I have observed in France about the sowing of a seed called commonly Saint Foine which in English is as much to say as Holy-Hay by reason as I suppose of the excellency of it It 's called by Parkinson in his Herball where you may see a perfect description of it Onobrychis Vulgaris or Cockes head because of its flower or Medick Fetchling By some it is called Polygala because it causeth cattel to give abundance of milke The plant most like unto it and commonly known being frequently sowne in gardens is that which is called French Honey-suckle and is a kind of it though not the same France although it be supposed to want the fewest things of any Province

out the Mechanicall Vses of Plants surely it were a good way to advance Mechanickes who in their callings usually go round as the causes of their operations I know a Gentleman who promiseth some things in this kinde and I hope will be as good as his word 3. Head the is ignorance of the Physioal Vses of Plants for though very many 100. Plants do grow amongst us yet but few of them are used Physically wheras there is scarce any one but may be useful in this kind And truly in my opinion it is a great fault that we so much admire those things that are far fetcht and deere bought when as oft-times they are gathered in unseasonable times and corrupted by long voyages by sea counterfeited by Merchants yea we have very oft Quid pro quo and ranke poysons and do neglect those Medicines which God hath given us here at home I am credibly informed that in former times Virga Aurea was in great use with us and usually sold for 8. d. per ounce and brought from France but so soone as it was found growing plentifully in our hedges it was cast forth of the Apothecaries shops as of little vertue And though some will object that our Plants have little vertue I say it 's false for God hath tempered them for on Complexions and we see that very oft one simple Medicine doth more good then the great Compositions of the Auncients which are rather ad pompam then for health and seeme to savour somewhat of the Mountebanke because Opium is alwayes an ingredient And further we see that where any Endemicall or National disease reigneth there God hath also planted a specifique for it As the Cochleare or Scurvy-grasse for the Scurvy in the Balticke Sea where it is very frequent and also in Holland England So in the West-Indies from whence the great Pox first came and where it reigneth very much that not onely man but other Creatures are infected with it so that even Dogs dye of that disease in our Northerne Plantations perhaps catching this infection by mingling with Indian dogs there grow the specifiques for this disease as Gujacum Sassaperilla Sassafras and the Salvages do easily cure these distemper Further we see that even the Irrational Creatures can finde not onely meate but also Medicines for themselves as the Dog Couchgrasse for a vomit the Dove Vervein the Weasell Rue the Swallow Celandine the Toade Plantine and where is our reason that we cannot I therefore desire all Countrey-people to endeavour to know these Plants which grow at their doores for God hath not planted them there for no purpose for he doth nothing in vaine and to collect together the plain simple Medicaments of their Grandame by this meanes they may save many a 40. dence I meane preserve themselves and families and Neighbours in good health Some small Treatises have of late been written to shew the Vse of our Plants in Physicke and I hope Ingenious men will dayly more and more communicate the Secrets of this kinde which they have in their hands for the Publique Good They that write of 4 footed beasts do reckon about 18. Deficiency concerning Animals 120. species of them halfe of them are scarcely knowne amongst us I do suppose therefore that divers species are wanting which may be usefull To instance in some And 1. To begin with the Elephant the greatest wisest and longest-lived of all beasts which abound very much in the Easterne parts of the world as China India and are accounted very serviceable both for the warres and for carriage 15. men usually riding on his backe together they are not chargeable to keepe why may they not be of use even here when I am credibly informed an Elephant lived divers years here in a Parke so that they can endure the coldnesse of this Climate 2. The Buffle which is as big as an Ox and serviceable both for the plough and for their milke their skins make the best buffe they will fare very hard and live in Fens and bogs where nothing else can In the Duke of Floernce's Countrey neare Pisa are many of them 3. The honest and patient Asse which was very much used in the old time for carriage as the Horse for the warre and the Oxe for the plough and in many Countreyes at this time they will eate thistles and live even with nothing They may save poore men who are not able to keepe an Horse because he is a great feeder much labour 4. Mules which is a very strong and proud beast and will carry far more then an Horse and are more sure-footed I suppose that they might be serviceable to the Carriers here as they are beyond the Seas 5. Black Foxes may be profitable whose skins have been fold from 20. l. per skin to 90. l. I might add divers more of this kind as Muske-cats Sables Martines Minkes Musk Squash Guiney-pigs and a sort of Cony which some few have in Hamp-shire whose Furr is worth 2. s. 6. s. or 3. s. per skin being little inferiour to Beaver c. but for brevities sake I passe them over as also divers sorts of Fowles of good use as a kind of Ducke with a Crooked bill which layeth constantly as Hens do as also Hawkes of diver sorts of good value which perhaps the Countrey-man loveth not because they are enemies to his Poultry 2. Deficiency is that we do not endeavour to advance the best kinds of these Cattel which are amongst us And 1. To begin with Horses The French-man that writeth a booke called the Treasure Politick saith that in England in Qu. Eliz. dayes we had not above 3. or 4000. Horse worth any thing for the war those onely in Noblemens stables which thing perhaps did the more encourage the Spaniard to invade us but at this time we are known to have very many 1000. of Horse not inferiour to the best in the world yet I suppose that we might much meliorate our breed by Spanish Jennets Barbary c. And we are not so careful to encrease good Horses as we should be 2. We are too negligent in our Kine that we advance not the best species for some sorts give abundance of milke and better then others some sorts are larger more hardy and will sooner fat c. Lancashire and some few Northerne Counties are the onely places where they are a little careful in these particulars 3. We are not curious in procuring the best sorts of Sheepe for greatnesse foundnesse and fine wooll I wonder that some of our Sheep-masters have not procured of those exceeding fine-woolled Sheepe of Spaine whose wooll costeth the Merchant nigh 10. s. per pound before it is exported I suppose that it would for a time mend our wooll if not continue so for ever for these Sheep were first carryed forth out of England if we may beleeve stories Spaine not affoarding such Sheepe before Dutch Sheepe are reported to have 2. or 3. Lambes

ordinarily Dutch Sheepe are very great with greate tales but their wooll is very course not onely because of their course feeding but also because in hot Countries they ordinarily mingle with Goats and therefore in Venice ordinary Porters will scarcely eate any Mutton And here I cannot but relate that all strangers very much wonder at 2. things in our Sheepe not to speak of the finenesse of wooll And 1. That our Sheepe if they be sound seldome or never drink even in Summer though they go on the dryest Chalky lands as it plainly appeareth in Kent where there is scarce water for the great cattel which proceedeth from the moisture of our aire and abundance of Raines and dewes 2. That our Sheepe do not follow their shepherds as they do in all other Countries for the shepherd goeth before and the Sheepe follow like to a pack of dogs this disobedience of our Sheepe doth not happen to us as Papist-Priests tell their simple flocks because we have left their great shepherd the Pope but because we let our Sheep range night and day in our fields without a shepherd which other Countries dare not for feare of Wolves and other ravenous beasts but are compelled to guard them all day with great dogs and to bring them home at night or to watch them in their folds 3. Deficiency in this kind is the neglect of Fish-ponds which are very profitable for Fish usually live by such wormes and flies as are engendred in the ponds and require no charge Concerning the ordering of them and the profit of them Read Mr. Vaughans Golden Grove And surely it would be a great benefit to this Island if we had Fish at reasonable rates I cannot therefore passe by two extreame Abuses which exceedingly destroy Fish and are in no wise to be permitted 1. That divers poore men keepe many Swine and in nets or otherwise catch many bushels of the young fry of Fish and feed their Swine with them 2. That the Fisher-men in the River have the meashes of their nets so straight that they take many sorts of Fish when they are too small and do destroy farre more Fish then they take I hope these Abuses will be reformed with all severity To this head I may add Decoyes which are very frequent in Holland and profitable but very rare with us in England yet may be very profitable and delightful 4. Dificiency is the Ignorance of the Insects of this Island And though it may seeme ridiculous to many to affirme that Magots butterflies should be of any importance yet I desire them to consider that we have our Honey the sweetest of foods from Bees which are cattel of this kinde also all our Silkes Sattins Plushes and bravery from the poore Silke-worme which may be called a Magot Caterpillar or Butter-flie c. the richest of our Colours from the Cocheneile which is one of this sort Gum-lac is made by Aunts some are used for food as Locusts c. as you may reade in Musset's Book de Insectis Many of these likewise are used in Physick as Cantharides Wood-sowes Lice c. Some think that Medicines transcending even the Chymists may be had out of these for every Plant which hath a Medicinal vertue is also sublimed up into this living Quintessence therefore I commend divers ingenious men as Mr. Marshal and others who have collected many hundred sorts of these and I hope they will communicate ere long their experiments to the world 19. Deficiency concerning divers things necessary for the 19. Defiency concerning divers things necessary for the good of Cattel good of Cattel 1. That we are ignorant of the divers Diseases of Cattel their Cures Not to run over all the Diseases of Cattel and their Cures which would be too long and you may read them in Mr. Marram's workes The Countrey-Farmer and others I will instance onely in two which some years sweepe away Cattel as the Plague doth men viz. the Murreine amongst Great Cattel and the Rot amongst Sheep And though divers have wrote concerning the Cures of these Diseases yet we do not finde that effect which we desire and therefore I hope some will attempt to supply this Deficiency and write a good Treatise about the Diseases of Cattel Of these 2. Diseases I shall briefly declare my minde And 1. Of the Murreine which proceedeth from an Inflammation of the blood and causeth a swelling in the throate which in little time suffocateth the cattel The especial Causes of this Disease are an hot and dry season of the year which dryeth up the waters or at least doth so putrefie them that they are unwholesome and also the letting of Carrionly unburied This Disease is thought to be infectious but perhaps it may proceede from one Common Cause as the Rottennesse of Sheepe The best way to keepe your cattel from this Disease is to let them stand in coole places in Summer and to have abundance of good water and speedily to bury all Carion and if any of your Cattel be infected speedily to let them bloud and to give them a good drench c. by these Meanes divers have preserved their cattel when their Neighbours have perished 2. Concerning the Rot of Sheepe not to speake of the Pelt-Rot or Sheepe that are starved but of the Ordinary Rot called by some the White Rot and is a kinde of Dropsey their bellies are full of water and their liver discoloured I have seen out of the livers of Sheepe tending to Rottennesse living creatures leaping like small Flounders which without question in little time will destroy the liver and consequently produce an indisposition not unlike to the Rot. The common people say that these wormes are caused by the over-heatings of Sheepe and that Rottennesse proceedeth from a plant called Cotyledon or Marsh-Penny-wort which is of a very sharpe taste and therefore not likely that Sheepe will eate it but it may be a signe of wet rotten land as broome is of sound and dry land This is certaine that in wet moist years Sheepe dy very much of the Rot and in dry years on the same ground they hold sound and yet I have heard that in Ireland which is farre moister then England Rottennesse of Sheepe is not known It were therefore well worth the labour of an Ingenious man to inquire into the Causes of these Indispositions in Sheepe The Meanes which have been found very effectual for the curing these Diseases are these first to drive your sheepe up to dry lands or to keepe them in the fold till the dew be off the grasse or to feed them some dayes with fine dry hay especially of Salt Meadow or to put them into Salt-Marshes for in those places Sheepe never Rot or to drive them to some salt River and there to wash them and make them drink of the water this will kil the Scab and also the tickes and fasten the wooll but if you have not the conveniencies before said then