becommeth dampish and rotten the fishes that are giuen them alike and the waters stincking they which carie sweet meates be it flesh or fruits and that vse good bread good wine and good brothes do easily auoide those sicknesses and I durst in some sort be answerable vnto them for their healthes vnlesse they be very vnhealthfull by nature And when I consider that this disease is as well taken in Holland Frizeland in Spaine and in Guinie as in Canada I am brought to beleeue that the chiefe cause thereof is in that which I haue said and not peculiar nor particular to New France After all these causes and considerations it is good in euery place to haue a wel disposed body for to be in health and liue long For those which naturally gather colde and grosse humors and haue the masse of their bodie pory Item they that be subiect to the oppilations of the spleene and they that vse not a sturring life but sitting and without frequent motion are more apt and subiect to these sicknesses Therefore a Physitian might say that a student is not fit for that Countrie that is to say he shall not liue there in health nor those which ouertoile in labors nor melancholy people men which haue drowsie dreaming spirits nor those that be often visited with agues and such other sort of people Which I might easily beleeue because that these things doe heape much melancholy cold and superfluous humors Notwithstanding I haue tried the contrarie both by my selfe and by others against the opinion of some of ours yea of Sagamos Membertou himselfe which plaieth the Soothsaier among the Sauages who arriuing in that countrie said that I should neuer returne into France nor Monsieur Boullet sometimes captaine of Monsieur De Poutrincourt his regiment who for the most part of the time hath had agues there but he did farewel And they themselues did aduise our labourers to take but small labour in their worke which counsell they could very well obserue For I may say and that truely that I neuer made so much bodily worke for the pleasure that I did take in dressing and tilling my gardens to inclose and hedge them against the gluttony of the hogges to make knots to draw out allies to build arbours to sowe wheat rie barly oates beanes pease garden hearbs and to water them so much desire had I to know the goodnesse of the ground by my owne experience So that Summers daies were vnto mee too short and very often did I worke by Moonelight Concerning the labour of the minde I tooke a reasonable part of it for at night euery one being retired among the pratings noises and hurliburlies I was shut vp in my studie reading or writing of something Yea I will not be ashamed to speake that being requested by Monsieur De Poutrincourt our Commander to bestow some houres of my industrie in giuing Christian instructions to our small company for not to liue like beasts and for to giue to the Sauages an example of our maner of life I haue done it according to the necessitie and being thereof requested euery Sunday and sometimes extraordinarilie almost during all the time we haue beene there And well was it for me that I had brought my Bible and some bookes vnawares for otherwise it had beene very difficult for me and had beene cause to excuse me of that worke It hath not beene without fruit many witnessing vnto me that they had neuer heard so much good talke of God not knowing before any principle of that which belongeth to Christian doctrine And such is the state wherin liue the most part of Christendome And if there were any edifying of one part there was backbiting on the other by reason that vsing a French liberty I willingly spake the truth Whereupon I remember the saying of the Prophet Amos They haue hated saith he him that reproued them in the gate and haue had in abomination him that spake in integrity But in the end we became all good friends And amongst these things God gaue me alwaies a sound and a perfect health alwaies a good taste alwaies mery and nimble sauing that hauing once laien in the woods neere to a brooke in snowey weather I was touched with a Crampe or Sciatika in my thigh a fortnights space not loosing my appetite nor stomacke for the same for indeed I tooke delight in that which I did desiring to confine there my life if it would please God to blesse the voyages I should be ouer tedious if I would set downe heere the disposition of all persons and to speake concerning children that they are more subiect to this sicknesse then others for that they haue very often vlcers in the mouth and gummes because of the thin substance that abound in their bodies and also that they gather many crude humours by their disorder of liuing and by the quantity of fruits they eate being neuer filled with it by which m eans they gather great quantity of waterish bloud and the spleene being stopped cannot soake vp those moisturs And as for old folkes that haue their heat weakened and cannot resist the sicknes being filled with crudities and with a cold and moist temperature which is the qualitie proper to stirre vp and nourish it I will not take the Physitians office in hand fearing the censuring rod and notwithstanding with their leaue not touching with their orders and receits of Agaric aloes rubarbe and other ingrediens I will write heere that which I thinke more ready at hand for the poore people which haue not the abilitie and meanes to send to Alexandria as well for the preseruation of their health as for the remedie of this sicknesse It is a certaine axiome that a contrary must be healed by his contrarie This sicknesse proceeding from an indigestion of rude grosse cold and melancholie meates which offend the stomacke I thinke it good submitting my selfe to better Iudgement and aduice to accompany them with good sawces be it of butter oyle or fat all well spiced to correct as well the quality of the meate as of the bodie inwardly waxen colde Let this be said for rude and grosse meates as beanes pease and fish for he that shall eat good capons 〈◊〉 â—â—â—â—â—idges good duckes and good rabets he may be â—â—sured of his health or else his body is of a very bad constitution We haue had some sicke that haue as it were raised vp from death to life for hauing eaten twice or thrice of a coolice made of a cocke good wine taken according to the necessity of nature is a soueraigne preseruatiue for all sicknesses and particularily for this Master Macquin and Master Georges worshipfull Marchants of Rochel as associates to Monsieur De Monts did furnish vs with 45. toones of wine which did vs very much good And our sicke folkes themselues hauing their mouthes spoiled and not being able to eat haue neuer lost
Bucklers fishing lines Rackets the Sauages Canowes or boates and their fashion Canowes made of willowes of paper of leather of hollowed trees the originall of the fables of the Syrens or Mermaidens long trauels through the woods pottery of Earth the tillage of the ground the ancient Germans had no lands proper or peculiar to them the Sauages are not laborious how they manure the land double sowing and double Haruest How they liue in Winter the Sauages townes of the originall of townes the first builders in the Gaulles of the word Magus Philosophy hath beene first found out by the Barbarians the plaies and games of the Sauages CHAP. XVIII The womens exercices the woman is called pierced or hollowed the women are saued in bringing foorth of Children of purification the hard condition of the women among the Sauages ges of mattes currying and dressing of leather their making of Baskets Purses Dies Dishes Matachiaz Canowes the loue of the Sauage women towards their husbands their chastity A faire obseruation vpon the Hebrew names of the man and of the woman CHAP. XIX Of Ciuilitie the first Ciuilitie is the obedience to God and to the parents the Sauages be Slouenly at their Banquets for want of linnen the repast of the ancient Gaullois and Germains of the arriuing of the Sauages into any place their Greetings likewise of the Greekes Romans and Hebrewes of the saluting in Sneezing Item in the beginning of Letters of the Farewell the Sauages reuerence to their Fathers and Mothers Curse to him which honoreth not his Father and his mother CHAP. XX. Of the Vertues and Vices of the Sauages the Principles of Vertue are invs euen from our birth of force and greatnesse of courage the ancient Gaullois were without feare the Sauages are reuengefull wherin temperance consisteth whether the Sauages are indued therewith wherein Liberalitie consisteth the Sauages Liberality they disdaine the couetous pelting Merchants their Magnificence Hospitality Piety towards their Fathers and Mothers of their Iustice the execution of Iustice the incredible euasion of two Sauages prisoners wherein the Sauages be diligent and slothfull CHAP. XXI Of Hunting the originall thereof to whom it belongeth to what end Kings are chosen hunting the image of War the first end thereof the interpretation of one verse of the 32. Psalme all Sauages doe hunt when and how the discription of the hunting of the Ellan or Stagge the Sauages hounds the Sauages haue Rackets at theirfeet when they hunt their continuance in hunting faire inuention of them for the Kitching their womens duty after the hunting the fishing or hunting of the Beuer the discription of the same her admirable building how she is taken from whence anciently the Beuers did come Of Beares Leopards the discription of the beast called Nibachés Wolues Conies c. the Cattell of France do profit well in New France Maruellous multiplicatin of Beasts of the beasts of Florida and of Brasill the Sauages are truely noble CHAP. XXII Of Hauking the Muses doe delight in hunting hawking is a noble exercise How the Sauages take their fowle Ilands swarming with birds the foules of Port Royall Of a bird called Niridau of glistering flies Turky or Indian Cocks the foules of Florida and of Brasill CHAP. XXIII Of Fishing a comparison betweene Hunting Hauking and Fishing an Emperour delighting himselfe in Fishing Plato his absurdity Fishing permitted to Churchmen the feeding vpon fish is the best and wholesomest food euery Fish dreads the Winter and withdraweth himselfe they returne in the Spring time a manna of Smelts Heerings Pilchers Sturgeons and Salmons the maner of taking of them by the Sauages the abuse superstition of Pythagoras the Sanctorum of New found land fishermen of the shell Fish of Port Royall the fishing of the Codde whether Cods doe sleepe the cause why fishes sleepe not fishes hauing stones in their heads as the Codde doe feare Winter Oile or traine of fish the fishing of the Whale wherein the hardinesse and bouldnesse of the Sauages is to be admired Hippopotames the infinite multitude of Mackerels the Idlenesse of the people of this day CHAP. XXIIII Of the Land which is the good ground Terra Sigillata is in New France the fructifying of Monsieur de Poutrincourts Sowings which is the good Dung of Turkie or Indian Wheat called Mahis how the Sauages doe mend their grounds how they Sowe the temperature of the Aire doth serue to production Barnes vnder ground the cause of the slothfuluesse of the Sauages of the hither lands neere vnto vs Hempe of Vines when they were first planted in Galia of Trees Tabacco and the maner and vse of it the foolish greedinesse after Tabacco the Vertues thereof the error of Belle-forest of the rootes called Afrodiles or ground Nuts a consideration vpon the miserie of many people the tilling of the ground is a most innocent exercise Gloria adorea of the Fruit trees and others of Port Royall of Florida and of Brasill the despising of Mines Fruits to be hoped in new France CHAP. XXV Of the war to what end the Sauages doe make war The Orations of the Sauages Captaines their surprises the maner to foretell the euent of the war the succession of Captaines the Sauages armes of excellent Archers from whence comes the word Militia the cause of the Sauages feare their maner of marching in War a warlike dance how the Sauages doe vse the victory of the Victime sacrifice Punishment the Sauages will not fall into their enemies hands the trophies of their enemies heads of the ancient Gaullois of the moderne Hungarians CHAP. XXVI Of Funerals the lamenting for the dead the burying of them is a worke of humanity the custome of the Sauages in this respect of the preseruing of the dead bodies of the mourning of the Persians Aegyptians Romans Gascons Brasilians Floridians Souriquois Hebrewes Queenes of France Thracians Locrians ancient Christians the burning of the moueable goods of the deceassed a faire lesson to the Couetous the customes of the Phrigians Latins Hebrewes Gaullois Germains and Sauages for this respect the burying of the dead What people doe bury them who burne them and who preserue them Of the funerall gifts shut vp in the sepulchers of the dead the same reprooued the couetousnesse of the Infringers of Sepulchers Noua Francia The three late voyages and plan tation of Monsieur De MONTS of Monsieur Du Pont grauè and of Monsieur De Poutrincourt into the Countries called by the Frenchmen La Cadia lying to the Southwest of Cap Breton together with an excellent seuerall Treatie of all the commodities of the said Countries and maners of the naturall inhabitants of the same CHAP. I. The Patent of the French King to Monsieur DE MONTS for the inhabiting of the Countries of La Cadia Canada and other places in new France HENRY by the grace of God King of France and Naturre To our deare and welbeloued the Lord of Monts one of the ordinarie Gentlemen of our Chamber greeting
Indeed I doe not wonder if a people poore and naked bee theeuish but when the heart is malicious it is vnexcusable This people is such that they must be handled with terrour for if through loue and gentlenesse one giue them too free accesse they will practise some surprise as it hath beene knowen in diuers occasions heeretofore and will yet heereafter beseene And without deferring any longer the second day after our comming thither as they saw our people busie awishing linnen they came some fifty one following another with bowes arrowes and quiuers intending to play some bad part as it was coniectured vpon their maner of proceeding but they were preuented some of our men going to meet them with their muskets and matches at the cocke which made some of them run away and the others being compassed in hauing put downe their weapons came to a Peninsule or small head of an Iland where our men were and making a friendly shew demanded to trucke the Tabacco they had for our merchandises The next day the Captaine of the said place and Port came into Monsieur De Poutrincourts barke to see him we did maruell to see him accompanied with Olmechin seeing the way was maruellous long to come thither by land and much shorter by sea That gaue cause of bad suspition albeit he had promised his loue to the Frenchmen Notwithstanding they were gently receiued And Monsieur De Poutrincourt gaue to the said Olmechin a complet garment wherewith being clothed he viewed himselfe in a glasse and did laugh to see himselfe in that order But a little while after feeling that the same hindred him although it was in October when he was returned vnto his Cabins he distributed it to sundry of his men to the end that one alone should not be ouerpestered with it This ought to be a sufficient lesson to so many finnical both men and women of these parts who cause their garments and brest-plates to be made as hard and stiffe as wood wherein their bodies are so miserably tormented that they are in their clothes vnable to all good actions And if the weather be too hot they suffer in their great bummes with a thousand folds vnsupportable heats that are more vntolerable than the torments which felons and criminall men are sometimes made to feele Now during the time that the said Monsieur De Poutrincourt was there being in doubt whether Monsieur De Monts would come to make an habitation on that coast as he wished it he made there a peece of ground to be tilled for to sow corne and to plant vines which they did with the helpe of our Apothecary Master Lewes Hebert a man who besides his experience in his art taketh great delight in the tilling of the ground And the said Monsieur De Poutrincourt may be heere compared to good father Noah who after he had made the tillage most necessarie for the sowing of corne he began to plant the vine whose effects he felt afterwards As they were a deliberating to passe farther Olmechin came to the Barke to see Monsieur De Poutrincourt where hauing taried certaine houres either in talking or eating he said that the next day 100. boates should come containing euery one six men but the comming of such a number of men being but troublesome Monsieur De Poutrincourt would not tarry for them but went away the same day to Malebarre not without much difficultie by reason of the great streames and sholds that are there So that the Barke hauing touched at three foot of water onely we thought to be cast away and we began to vnlade her and put the victuals into the Shaloup which was behinde for to saue vs on land but being no full sea the barke came aflote within an houre All this Sea is a land ouerflowed as that of Mount Saint Michels a sandy ground in which all that resteth is a plaine flat country as far as the Mountaines which are seene 15. leagues off from that place And I am of opinion that as far as Virginia it is all alike Moreouer there is heere great quantity of grapes as before and a country very full of people Monsieur De Monts being come to Malebarre in an other season of the yeare gathered onely greene grapes which he made to be preserued and brought some to the King But it was our good hap to come thither in October for to see the maturity thereof I haue heere before shewed the difficulty that is found in entering into Malebarre This is the cause why Monsieur De Poutrincourt came not in with his Barke but went thither with a shaloup onely which thirty or forty Sauages did helpe to draw in and when it was full tide but the tide doth not mount heere but two fadames high which is seldome seene he went out and retired himselfe into his said barke to passe further in the morning as soone as hee should ordaine it CHAP. XV. Dangers vnknowen languages the making of a forge and of an ouen Crosses set vp plenty a conspiracy disobedience murther the flight of three hundred against tenne the agility of the Armouchiquois bad company dangerous the accident of a Musket that did burst the insolency of the Sauages their timorosity impiety and flight the fortunate Port a bad sea reuenge the counsell and resolution for the returne new perils Gods fauours the arriuall of Monsieur De Poutrincourt at Port Royall and how he was receiued THe night beginning to giue place to the dawning of the day the sailes are hoised vp but it was but a very perilous nauigation For with this small vessell they were forced to coast the land where they found no depth going backe to sea it was yet woorse in such wise that they did strike twice or thrice being raised vp againe onely by the waues and the rudder was broken which was a dreadfull thing In this extremity they were constrained to cast anker in the sea at two fadams deepe and three leagues off from the land Which being done Daniel Hay a man which taketh pleasure in shewing foorth his vertue in the perils of the sea was sent towards the Coast to view it and see if there were any Port. And as he was neere land he saw a Sauage which did daunce singing yo yo yo he called him to come neerer and by signes asked him if there were any place to retire ships in and where any fresh water was The Sauage hauing made signe there was he tooke him into his shaloup and brought him to the Barke wherein was Chkoudun Captaine of the riuer of Oigoudi otherwise Saint Iohns riuer who being brought before this Sauage he vnderstood him no more than did our owne people true it is that by signes he comprehended better than they what he would say This Sauage shewed the places where no depth was and where was any and did so well indenting and winding heere
and there alway the led in hand that in the end they came to the Port shewed by him where small depth is wherein the barke being arriued diligence was vsed to make a forge for to mend her with her rudder and an ouen to bake bread because there was no more bisket left Fifteene daies were imployed in this worke during the which Monsieur De Poutrincourt according to the laudable custome of Christians made a Crosse to be framed and set vp vpon a greene bancke as Monsieur De Monts had done two yeeres before at Kinibeki and Malebarre Now among these painefull exercises they gaue not ouer makeing good cheere with that which both the sea and the land might furnish in that part For in this Port is plentie of fowle in taking of which many of our men applied themselues specially the sea larkes are there in so great flights that Monsieur De Poutrincourt killed 28. of them with one Caliuer shot As for fishes there be such abundance of Porpeses and another kinde of fish called by Frenchmen Soufleurs that is to say Blowers that the sea seemes to be all couered ouer with them But they had not the things necessary for this kinde of fishing they contented themselues then with shell-fish as of Oysters Skalops periwincles whereof there was enough to be satisfied The Sauages of the other side did bring fish and grapes within baskets made of rushes for to exchange with some of our wares The said Monsieur De Poutrincourt seeing the grapes there maruellously faire commanded him that waited on his chamber to lay vp in the Barke a burthen of the vines from whence the said grapes were taken Our Apothecary M. Lewes Hebert desirous to inhabit in those countries had pulled out a good quantity of them to the end to plant them in Port Royall where none o◠them are although the soyle be there very fit for vines Which neuerthelesse by a dull forgetfulnesse was not done to the great discontent of the said Monsieur De Poutrincourt and of vs all After certaine daies the said Monsieur De Poutrincourt seeing there great assembly of Sauages came ashore and to giue them some terrour made to march before him one of his men flourishing with two naked swords Whereat they much wondred but yet much more when they saw that our Muskets did pierce thicke peeces of wood where their arrowes could not so much as scratch And therefore they neuer assailed our men as long as they kept watch And it had beene good to sound the Trumpet at euery houres end as Captaine Iames Quartier did For as Monsieur De Poutrincourt doth often say One must neuer laie bait for theeues meaning that one must neuer giue cause to an enemy to thinke that he may surprise you But one must alwaies shew that he is mistrusted and that you are not asleepe chiefely when one hath to doe with Sauages which will neuer set vpon him that resolutely expects them which was not performed in this place by them that bought the bargain of their negligence very deare as we will now tell you Fifteene daies being expired the said Monsieur De Poutrincourt seeing his barke mended and nothing remaining to be done but a batch of bread he went some 3. leagues distant within the land to see if he might discouer any singularity But in his returne he and his men perceaued the Sauages running away thorow the woods in diuers troupes of 20. 30. and more some bowing themselues as men that would not be seene others hiding themselues in the grasse not to be perceiued others carrying away their stuffe and Canowes full of corne for to betake them to their heeles Besides the women transporting their children and such stuffe as they could with them Those actions gaue cause to Monsieur De Poutrincourt to thinke that this people did plot some bad enterprise Therefore being arriued he commanded his people which were a making of bread to retire themselues into their Barke But as yong people doe often forget their duty these hauing some cake or such like thing to make had rather follow their likerish appetite than to doe that which was commanded them taried till night without retiring themselues About midnight Monsieur De Poutrincourt thinking vpon that which had passed the day before did aske whether they were in the barke and hearing they were not he sent the shaloupe vnto them to command and bring them aboord whereto they disobaied except his Chamberlain who feared his master They were fiue armed with muskets and swords which were warned to stand still vpon their guard and yet being negligent made not any watch so much were they addicted to their owne wils The report was that they had before shot off two muskets vpon the Sauages bicause that some one of them had stolne a hatchet Finally those Sauages either prouoked by that or by their bad nature came at the breake of day without any noise which was very easie to them hauing neither horses waggons nor woodden-shooes euen to the place where they were asleepe And seeing a fit opportunity to play a bad part they set vpon them with shots of arrowes and clubs and killed two of them The rest being hurt began to crie out running towards the sea shoare Then hee which kept watch within the barke cried out all affrighted O Lord our men are killed our men are killed At this voice and cry euery one rose vp and hastily not taking leasure to fit on their cloathes nor to set fire to their matches ten of them went into the shaloup whose names I do not remember but of Monsieur Champlein Robert Grauè Monsieur Du Pont his sonne Daniel Hay the Chirurgion the Apothecary and the Trumpeter All which following the said Monsieur De Poutrincourt who had his sonne with him came aland vnarmed But the Sauages ran away as fast as euer they could though they were aboue three hundred besides them that were hidden in the grasse according to their custome which appeared not Wherein is to be noted how God fixeth I know not what terror in the face of the faithfull against infidels and miscreants according to his sacred word when he saith to his chosen people None shal be able to stand before you The Lord your God shall put a terrour and feare of you ouer all the earth vpon which you shall march So we see that 135000. Madianites able fighting men ran away and killed one another before Gedeon which had but 300. men Now to thinke to follow after these Sauages it had beene but labour lost for they are too swift in running But if one had Horses there they might pay them home very soundly for they haue a number of small paths leading from one place to another which is not in Port Royall and their woods are not so thicke and haue besides store of open land Whilest that
Sunne did but begin to cheere the earth and to behold his Mistres with an amorous aspect when the Sagamos Membertou after our praiers solemnely made to God and the break-fast distributed to the people according to the custom came to giue vs aduertisment that he had seene a saile vpon the lake which came towards our Fort. At this ioyfull newes euery one went out to see but yet none was found that had so good a sight as he though he be aboue 100. yeeres old neuerthelesse we spied very soone what it was Monsieur De Poutrincourt caused in all diligence the small Barke to be made ready for to goe to view further Monsieur De Champ-dorè and Daniel Hay went in her and by the signe that had beene told them being certaine that they were friends they made presently to be charged foure Canons 12. fawkonnets to salute them that came so far to see vs. They on their part did not faile in beginning the ioy to discharge their peeces to whom they rendered the like with vsury It was onely a small barke vnder the charge of a yong man of Saint Maloes named Cheualier who being arriued at the Fort deliuered his letters to Monsieur De Poutrincourt which were read publikely They did write vnto him that for to helpe to saue the charges of the voyage the ship being yet the Ionas should stay at Campseau Port there to fish for Coddes by reason that the Merchants associate with Monsieur De Monts knew not that there was any fishing farther than that place Notwithstanding if it were necessary he should cause the ship to come to Port Royall Moreouer that the society was broken because that contrary to the King his Edict the Hollanders conducted by a traiterous Frenchman called La Ieunesse had the yeare before taken vp the Beuers and other Furres of the great riuer of Canada a thing which did turne to the great dammage of the Societie which for that cause could no longer furnish the charges of the vnhabiting in these parts as it had done in times past And therefore did send no body for to remaine there after vs. As we receaued ioy to see our assured succour we felt also great griefe to see so faire and so holy an enterprise broken That so many labours and perils past should serue to no effect and that the hope of planting the name of God and the Catholike faith should vanish away Notwithstanding after that Monsieur De Poutrincourt had a long while mused heereupon he said that although he should haue no body to come with him but onely his family he would not forsake the enterprise It was great griefe vnto vs to abandon without hope of returne a land that had produced vnto vs so faire Corne and so many faire adorned gardens All that could be done vntill that time was to finde out a place fit to make a setled dwelling and a land of good fertility And that being done it was great want of courage to giue ouer the enterprise for another yeare being passed the necessity of maintaining an habitation there should be taken away for the land was sufficient to yeeld things necessary for life This was the cause of that griefe which pierced the hearts of them which were desirous to see the Christian Religion established in that country But on the contrary Monsieur De Monts and his associates reaping no benefit but losse and hauing no helpe from the King it was a thing which they could not doe but with much difficulty to maintaine an habitation in those parts Now this enuy for the trade of Beuers with the Sauages found not onely place in the Hollanders hearts but also in French Merchants in such sort that the priuiledge which had beene giuen to the said Monsieur De Monts for ten yeares was reuoked The vnsatiable auarice of men is a strange thing which haue no regard to that which is honest so that they may rifle and catch by what meanes soeuer And thereupon I will say moreouer that there haue beene some of them that came to that country to fetch vs home that wickedly haue presumed so much as to strip the dead and steale away the Beuers which those poore people doe put for their last benefit vpon them whom they bury as we will declare more at large in the booke following A thing that maketh the French name to be odious worthy disdain among them which haue no such sordide quality at all but rather hauing a heart truly noble and generous hauing nothing in priuate to themselues but rather all things common and which ordinarily doe present gifts and that very liberally according to their ability to them whom they loue and honor And besides this mischiefe it came to passe that the Sauages when that we were at Campseau killed him that had shewed them the Sepulchers of their dead I need not to alleage heere what Herodote reciteth of the vile basenesse of King Darius who thinking to haue caught the old one in the nest as saith the prouerbe that is to say great treasures in the Tombe of Semiramis Queene of the Babylonians went away altogether confounded as wise as he came thither hauing found in it a writing altogether contrary to the first hee had read which rebuked him very sharply for his auarice and wickednesse Let vs returne to our sorowfull newes and to the griefe thereof Monsieur De Poutrincourt hauing propounded to some of our company whether they would tarry there for a yeare eight good fellows offered themselues who were promised that euery one of them should haue a hogshead of wine and corne sufficiently for one yeare but they demanded so great wages that they could not agree So resolution was taken for the returne Towards the euening wee made bonfires for the natiuity of my Lord the Duke of Orleans and began afresh to make our Canons and falconets to thunder out accompanied with store of Musket shots hauing before sung for that purpose Te Deum Laudamus The said Cheualier bringer of the newes had borne the office of Captaine in the Ship that remained at Campseau in this condition there was giuen to him for to bring vnto vs six Weathers 24. Hens a pound of Peper 20. pounds of Rice as many of Raisens and of Prunes a thousand of Almonds a pound of Nutmegs a quarter of Cinamon two pounds of Maces halfe a pound of Cloues two pounds of Citron rindes two dozen of Citrons as many Orenges a Westphalia gamon of Bacon and six other gamons a hogshead of Gascoine wine and as much of Sacke a hogshead of poudred Beefe foure pottles and a halfe of oile of Oliue a Iar of Oliues a barrell of Vinegar and two Sugar-loaues but all that was lost through Gutter-lane and we saw none of all these things to make account of Neuerthelesse I haue thought good to name heere these wares
seeing that the nature of the soile and of the woods is all one In September after that this vermine is gone away there grow other flies like vnto ours but they are not troublesome and become very bigge Now our Sauages to saue themselues from the stinging of these creatures rubbe themselues with certaine greases and oiles as I haue said which make them foule and of a tawnish colour Besides that alwaies they lie on the ground or be exposed to the heat and the wind But there is cause of wondering wherefore the Brasilians and other inhabitants of America betweene the two Tropikes are not borne blacke as they of Africa seeing that it seemeth it is the selfesame case being vnder one and the selfesame parallell and like eleuation of the Sunne If the Poets fables were sufficient reasons for to take away this scruple one might say that Phaeton hauing done the foolish deed in conducting the Charet of the Sunne onely Africa was burned and the horses set againe in their right course before they came to the New world But I had rather say that the heat of Lybia being the cause of this blacknesse of men is ingendred from the great lands ouer which the Sunne passeth before it come thither from whence the heat is still carried more abundantly by the swift motion of this great Heauenly torch Whereunto the great sands of that Prouince doe also helpe which are very capable of those heates specially not being watered with store of riuers as America is which aboundeth in riuers and brookes as much as any Prouince in the World which doe giue perpetuall refreshing vnto it and makes the region much more temperate the ground being also there more fat and retaining better the dewes of Heauen which are there abundantly and raines also for the reasons abuesaid For the Sunne finding in the meeting of these lands those great moistnesses he doth not faile to draw a good quantitie of them and that so much the more plentifully that his force is there great and maruellous which makes there continuall raines especially to them that haue him for their zenith I adde one great reason that the Sunne leauing the lands of Africa giueth his beames vpon a moist element by so long a course that he hath good meanes to sucke vp vapors and to draw together with him great quantitie thereof into those parts which maketh that the cause is much differing of the colour of these two people and of the temperature of their lands Let vs come to other circumstances and seeing that we are about colours I will say that all they which I haue seene haue blacke haires some excepted which haue abram colour haires but of flaxen colour I haue seene none and lesse of red and one must not thinke that they which are more Southerly be otherwise for the Floridians and Brasilians are yet blacker than the Sauages of New found land The beard of the chinne which our Sauages call migidoni is with them as blacke as their haires They all take away the producing cause thereof except the Sagamos who for the most part haue but a little Membertou hath more than all the others and notwithstanding it is not thicke as it is commonly with Frenchmen If these people weare no beards on their chinne at the least the most part there is no cause of maruelling For the ancient Romans themselues esteeming that that was a hinderance vnto them did weare none vntill the time of Adrian the Emperour who first began to weare a beard Which they tooke for such an honour that a man accused of any crime had not that priuiledge to shaue his haires as may be gathered by the testimonie of Aulus Gellius speaking of Scipio the sonne of Paul As for the inferiour parts our Sauages doe not hinder the growing or increasing of haires there It is said that the women haue some there also And according as they be curious some of our men haue made them beleeue that the French women haue beards on their chinnes and haue left them in that good opinion so that they were very desirious to see some of them their maner of clothing By these particularities one may vnderstand that all these people haue generally lesser haires than we for along the body they haue none at all so farre is it then that they be hairie as some thinke This belongeth to the inhabitants of the Iles Gorgades from whence Hanno the Carthaginien captaine brought two womens skinnes which he did set vp in the temple of Iuno for great singularitie But heere is to bee noted what we haue said that our sauage people haue almost all their haires blacke for the Frenchmen in one and the selfesame degree are not commonly so The ancient authors Polybius Caesar Strabo Diadore the Cicilian and particularly Ammian Marcellin doe say that the ancient Gaullois had almost all their haires as yellow as gold were of high stature and fearefull for their gastly lookes besides quarelsome and readie to strike a fearefull voice neuer speaking but in threatning At this time those qualities are well changed For there are not now so many yellow haires nor so many men of high stature but that other nations haue as tall As for the fearefull lookes the delicacies of this time haue moderated that and as for the threatning voice I haue scarse seene in all the Gaules but the Gascons and them of Languedoc which haue their maner of speech some what rude which they retaine of the Gotish and of the Spaniard by their neighbourhood But as for the haires it is very farre from being so commonly blacke The same author Ammian saith also that the women of the Gaules whom he noted to be good shrewes and to bee too hard for their husbands when they are in choler haue blue eies and consequently the men and notwithstanding in that respect wee are much mingled which maketh that one knoweth not what rarenesse to chuse for the beautie of eies For many doe loue the blue eies and others loue them greene which were also in ancient time most praised For among the Sonnets of Monsieur de Couci who was in old time so great a clerke in loue matters that songs were made of it greene eies are praised The Germans haue kept better than we the qualities which Tacitus giueth them likewise that which Ammian reciteth of the Gaullois In so great a number of men saith Tacitus there is but one fashion of garments They haue blue eies and fearefull their haires shining as gold and are very corpulent Pliny giueth the same bodily qualities to the people of the Taprobane saying that they haue redde haires their eies blue and the voice horrible and fearefull Wherein I know not if I ought to beleeue him considering the climate which is in the 8 9. and 10. degrees onely and that in the kingdome of Calecute farther off than the Aequinoctial line the men are blacke But as for
noteth that fishes which haue stones on their heads doe feare winter and retire themselues betimes of whose number is the Cod which hath within her braines two white stones made gundole wise and iagged about which haue not those that be taken towards Scotland as some learned and curious man hath tould me This fish is wonderfully greedy and deuoureth others almost as bigg as himselfe yea euen lobsters which are like bigge Langoustes and I maruell how he may digest those bigge and hard shells Of the liuers of Cods our New-found-land-men doe make oiles casting those liuers into barels set in the Sunne where they melt of themselues There is great trafficke made in Europe of the oile of the fish of New-found-land And for this only cause many go to the fishing of the whale and of the Hippopotames which they call the beast with the great tooth or the Morses of whom some thing we must say The Almighty willing to shew vnto Iob how wonderfull are his works wilt thou draw saith he Leuiathan with a booke and his tongue with a string which thou hast cast in the water By this Leuiathan is the whale meant and all fishes of that reach whose hugenesse and chiefely of the whale is so great that it is a dreadfull thing as wee haue shewed elsewhere speaking of one that was cast on the Coast of Brasill by the tide And Plinie saith that there be some found in the Indies which haue fower acres of ground in length This is the cause why man is to be admired yea rather God who hath giuen him the courage to assaile so fearefull a monster which hath not his equall on the land I leaue the maner of taking of her described by Oppian and S. Basil for to come to our French-men and chiefely the Basques who doe goe euery yeare to the great riuer of Canada for the Whale Commonly the fishing thereof is made in the riuer called Lesquemin towards Tadoussac And for to doe it they goe by skowtes to make watch vpon the tops of rockes to see if they may haue the sight of some one and when they haue discouered any foorth with they goe with fower shaloupes after it and hauing cunningly borded her they strike her with a harping iron to the depth of her lard and to the quicke of the flesh Then this creature feeling herselfe rudely pricked with a dreadfull boisterousnesse casteth herselfe into the depth of the sea The men in the meane while are in their shirts which vere out the cord whereunto the harping iron is tied which the whale carrieth away But at the shaloupe side that hath giuen the blow there is a man redy with a hatchet in hand to cut the said cord least perchance some accident should happen that it were mingled or that the Whales force should be too violent which notwithstanding hauing found the bottome and being able to goe no further she mounteth vp againe leasurely aboue the water and then againe she is set vpon with glaue-staues or pertuifanes very sharp so hotly that the salt-water pierceing within her flesh she looseth her force and remaineth there Then one tieth her to a cable at whose end is an anker which is cast into the sea then at the end of six or eight daies they goe to fetch her when time and opportunity permits it they cut her in peeces and in great kettles doe seeth the fat which melteth it selfe into oile wherewith they may fill 400. Hogs-heads sometimes more and somtimes lesse according to the greatnesse of the beast and of the tongue commonly they draw fiue yea six hogs-heads full of traine If this be admirable in vs that haue industry it is more admirable in the Indian people naked and without artificiall instruments and neuerthelesse they execute the same thing which is recited by Ioseph Acosta saying that for to take those great monsters they put themselues in a Canow or Barke made of the barkes of trees and bording the Whale they leape nimbly on her necke and there doe stand as it were on horse-backe attending the fit meanes to take her and seeing their opportunity the boldest of them putteth a strong and sharpe stafe which he carrieth with him into the gap of the Whales nostrils I call nostrill the condut or hole thorow which they breath foorth with he thrust it in far with another very strong stafe and maketh it to enter in as deepe as he can In the meane while the Whale beateth the sea furiously and raiseth vp mountaines of water diuing downe with great violence then mounteth vp again not knowing what to do through very rage The Indian notwithstanding remaineth still sitting fast and for to pay her home for this trouble fixeth yet another like stalke in the other nostrill making it to enter in in such wise that it stoppeth her winde quite and taketh away her breath and he commeth againe into his Canow which he holdeth tied at the side of the Whale with a cord then retireth himselfe on land hauing first tied his cord to the Whale which he vereth out on her which whilest she findeth much water skippeth heere and there as touched with griefe and in the end draweth to land where foorth with for the huge enormity of her body she remaineth on the shore not being able to mooue or stur herselfe any more And then a great number of Indians doe come to finde out the Conquerer for to reape the fruit of his conquest and for that purpose they make an end of killing of her cutting her and making morsels of her flesh which is bad enough which they drie and stampe to make powder of it which they vse for meat that serueth them a long time As for the Hippopotames or Morses we haue said in the voiages of Iames Quartier that there be great number of them in the Gulfe of Canada and specially in the I le of Brion and in the seuen Iles which is the riuer of Chischedec It is a creature which is more like to a Cow then to a horse But we haue named it Hippopotamus that is to say the horse of the riuer because Pliny doth so call them that be in the riuer Nilus which notwithstanding do not altogether resemble the horse but doth participate also of an oxe or a cow He is of haire like to the seale that is to say daple graie and somewhat towards the redde the skinne very hard a small head like to a Barbarie Cowe hauing two ranks of teeth on ech side betweene which there is two of them of ech part hanging from the vpper iaw downward of the forme of a young Elephants tooth wherewith this creature helpeth her selfe to climbe on the rocks Because of those teeth our Mariners doe call it La beste a La grand ' dent the beast with the great teeth His eares be short and his taile also he loweth as an Oxe and hath wings or finnes at his
three nights continually and without eating And all the Paraoustis that be his allies and friendes doe the like mourning cutting halfe their haires as well men as women in token of loue And that done there be some women ordained who during the time of six Moones doe lamente the death of their Paraousti three times a day crying with a loud voice in the morning at noone and at night which is the fashion of the Roman Praefices of whom we haue not long since spoken For that which is of the mourning apparell our Souriquois doe paint their faces all with blacke which maketh them to seeme very hidious But the Hebrewes were more reprouable who did scotch their faces in the time of mourning and did shaue their haires as saith the Prophet Ieremie which was vsuall among them of great antiquity By reason whereof the same was forbidden them by the law of God in Leuiticus You shall not cut round the corners of your haires neither marre the tufts of your beards and you shall not cut your flesh for the dead nor make any print of a marke vpon you I am the Lord. And in Deuteronomie you are the children of the Lord your God you shall not cut your selues nor make any baldnesse betweene your eies for the dead Which was also forbidden by the Romans in the lawes of the twelue tables Herodotus and Diodorus doe say that the Aegyptians chiefly in their Kings funerals did rent their garments and besmeered their faces yea all their heads and assembling themselues twise a day did march in round singing the vertues of their King did abstaine from sodden meats from liuing creatures from wine and from all daintie fare during the space of 70. daies without any washing nor lying on any bed much lesse to haue the company of their wiues alwaies lamenting The ancient mourning of our Queenes of France for as for our Kings they weare no mourning apparell was in white colour and therefore after the death of their husbands they kept the names of Roines blanches white Queenes But the common mourning of others is at this day in blacke qui sub personarisus est For all these mournings are but deceits and of a hundred there is not one but is glad of such a weed This is the cause that the ancient Thracians were more wise who did celebrate the birth of man with teares and their funerals with ioy shewing that by death we are deliuered from all calamities wherewith we are borne and are in rest Heraclides speaking of the Locrois saith that they make not any mourning for the dead but rather banckets and great reioycing And the wise Solon knowing the foresaid abuses doth abolish all those renting of cloathes of those weeping fellowes and would not that so many clamors should be made ouer the dead as Plutarch saith in his life The Christians yet more wise did in ancient time sing Alleluia at their burials and this verse of the Psalme Reuertere anima mea in requiem tuam quia Dominus benefecit tibi And now my soule sith thou art safe returne vnto thy rest For largely loe the Lord to thee his bounty hath exprest Notwithstanding because that we are men subiect to ioy to griefe and to other motions and perturbations of minde which at the first motion are not in our power as saith the Philosopher weeping is not a thing to be blamed whether it be in considering our fraile condition and subiect to so many harmes be it for the losse of that which we did loue and held deerely Holy personages haue bene touched with those passions and our Sauiour himselfe wept ouer the Sepulchre of Lazarus brother to the holy Magdalein But one must not suffer himselfe to be carried away with sorrow nor make ostentations of clamors wherewith very often the heart is neuer a whit touched Whereupon the wise sonne of Sirach doth giue vs an aduertisement saying Weepe for the dead for he hath lost the light of this life but make small weeping because he is in rest After that our Sauages had wept for Panoniac they went to the place where his cabin was whilst hee did liue and there they did burne all that hee had left his bowes arrowes quiuers his Beuers skinnes his Tabacco without which they cannot liue his dogs and other his small mooueables to the end that no body should quarrell for his succession The same sheweth how little they care for the goods of this world giuing thereby a goodly lesson to them who by right or wrong doe runne after this siluer diuell and very often doe breake their necks or if they catch what they desire it is in making bankerout with God and spoiling the poore whether it be with open warre or vnder colour of iustice A faire lesson I say to those couetous vnsatiable Tantalusses who take so much paines and murther so many creatures to seeke out hell in the depth of the earth that is to say the treasures which our Sauiour doth call the Riches of iniquitie A faire lesson also for them of whom Saint Hierome speaketh treating of the life of Clearks There bee some saith he who doe giue a little thing for an alme to the end to haue it againe with great vsurie and vnder colour of giuing some thing they seeke after riches which is rather a hunting than an almes So are beasts birds and fishes taken A small bait is put to a hooke to the end to catch at it silly womens purses And in the Epitaph of Nepotian to Heliodore Some saith he doe heape money vpon money and making their purses to burst out by certaine kinde of seruices they catch at a suare the richesse of good matrons and become richer being Monkes then they were being secular And for this couetousnesse the regular and secular haue beene by imperiall Edicts excluded from legacies whereof the same doth complaine not for the thing but for that the cause thereof hath beene giuen Let vs come againe to our burning of goods The first people that had not yet couetousnesse rooted in their hearts did the same as our Sauages do For the Phrygians or Troyians did bring to the Latins the vse of burning not onely of mooueables but also of the dead bodies making high piles of wood for that effect as Aeneas did in the funerals of Misenus robore secto Ingentem struxere pyram Then the body being washed and annointed they did cast all his garments vpon the pile of wood frankincense meats and they powred on it oile wine honie leaues flowers violets roses ointments of good smell and other things as may be seene by ancient histories and inscriptions And for to continue that which I haue said of Misenus Virgil doth adde Purpureásque super vestes velamina nota Conijciunt pars ingenti subiere feretro c. congesta cremantur Thura dona dapes fuso crateres oliuo And speaking of the funerals of
winde and weather aâ—omming Seasons Galen Com. 35. lib. 1. de nat hum Bad foode and discommodities of the Sea Disposition of bodie Sagamos is a Sauage word which Signifieth a Lord a ruler or a Captaine The author his exercise in New France The labour of the minde The pietie of the Author of this Historie Amos. 5. verse 10. Of Children Of aged folkes Aduice for the sicknesses of New France Good Wine Hearbs in the spring time Stooues Stooues in gardens The countrie of the Armouchiquois 100. leagues distant from Port Royall The Sweatings of the Sauages Ecclesi 3. verse 12. and 22. Meanes of mirth Necessitie of hauing women into the country Tree of life Sasafras Monsieur Champlein is now this present yeare 1609. in Canada Monsieur De Monts his voiage for the discouery of new Lands Kinibeki 60. legues from Saint Croix Plin lib. 3. cap. 1. Fabulous tales of the riuer Norombega Pemtegoet Oiection Answer An other Fabulous report of the Riuer of Norombega Note this well The great Bancke of Newfoundland Banquereau banc Iacquet Kinibeks The bay of Marchin 1607. Chouakoet The ground manured Vines Malebarre The Armouchiquois traitours and theefes Shoulds stretching farre into the sea Violent death of a Frenchman of Saint Mallos The swiftnes of the Armouchiquois 1606. Monsieur DeMonts difficultie in his enterprise The mortalitie of the English in Virginia like that of the Frensh in New France Virginia is in 36. 37. 38. degrees of latitude Praise of the temper of Virginia Bad fare the chiefe cause of the sicknes Things needfull The second voyage made by Monsieur Du Pont-Grauè The arriuall of Monsieur Du Pont. 1605. Transmigration from S. Croix to Port Royal. New buildings The returne of Monsieur de Monts into France Traffike with the Sauages Beuers Otters and Stagges Tabaguia is a Sauage tearme signifying banket Hand Mils Exod. 11. ver 4. 5. The number of the dead Fault in their buildings The furniture of Monsieur Du Pont to go to the discouery of new lands The wracke of their Bark Causes of delay in establishing the dwelling place of the French men The comparing of these later voiages The blame of them who at this day despise the manuring of the ground Gods punishments The third voiage made by Monsieur de Poutrincourt Monsieur De Poutrincourt accepteth the voiage of New France The causes of the Authors voiage Psal 5. 4. The parting from Paris The praises of Rochell Croquans Signifying hookes why so called Negligence in the keeping of the Ionas Hyred workmen negligent The courage of Monsieur De Monts and his associates The frontiers ought to be furnished with good Souldiers The Ministers doe pray for the conuersion of the Sauages Math. 18. vers 12. 132. Custome of the ancient Christians carying the Eucharist in their voyages Saint Ambrose in his funerall oration for his brother Hardnesse to come foorth from a Port. Bad suspition of Captaine Foulques The diligence and care of Monss-De Poutrincourts * A place so called neere Rochell 13. of May. 1606. Meetings of ships Meeting of a Pirate or outlawed Neptunes sheepe Why is the sea stormie about the Açores Westerly windes ordinary in the Westerne Sea from whence the windes doe come Psal 135. Porpeses doe prognosticate storms The way to take them The description of the Porpese The Porpeses hot bloud doth comfort the sinewes A Beauers taile is dainty meate Stormes and their effects Calmes wearisome Whirlewinde what it is how it is made the effects thereof Plin. lib. 2. cap. 48. The maruellous assurance of the good Mariners in their sea-labours The boldnes of a Switzer at Laon. The 18. of Iune A ship An other ship The vailing of Marchands ships to a ship Royall Computatiof the voyage Sea water milke warme then colde Great cold The reason of this Antiperistase and the cause of the Ices of New-found-lande In the 16. chapter Second experience Warnings neere the great Bancke Birds called by Frenchmen Godes Fouquets Happefoies What the sound is and how it is cast The arriuall to the fish Bancke Of the word Bancke and description of the fishing Bancke The fishing of Cod. Happe-foyes Why so called Sea-dogges skinnes Excellent sawsiges made with the inwards of Codd Men saued vpon a banck of Ice The weather in those seas contrary then in ours The causes of mists on the West sea A small bancke A Mariner fallen by night in the sea Land markes The discouery of S. Peters Ilands Plain discovery of the Land Cap. Breton The Bay of Campseau Eight daies Gods fauour in danger Calme weather Maruellous odours cumming from the land The boording of two shalopes The Sauages goodly men Matachiaz be carkanets necklaces bracelets and wrought girdles During the mists at sea it is faire wether on land A discommoditie brings a commodity The care of the sauages for their wiues The departing of some of our company going aland The Sauages doe trauell much way in small time Mistes Calmes The perill of many Mariners Drunkennesse causeth diuers perils Port du Rossignoll Port au Mouton What growes in the land at Port au Monton Le Cap de Sable Long Iland The Bay S. Mary The arriuing to Port Royall Difficulties in comming in The beauty of the Port. Sagamos signifieth Captain Praises of the two Frenchmen left alone in the fort of Port-Royall The tilling of the ground The meeting with Monsieur Du Pont. Ioseph Acosta lib. 4. ca. 30. Land like to that which God promised to his people Deut 8. vers 7. 8. Deuter. 11. vers 10. Heereupon the 3. chap. A bundance of brookes Iron stones Mountaines of Brasse Lakes and brooks vpon the mountaines The forme of a Raine bow vnder a caue They trauell three leagues in the woods Country well watered Coniecture vpon the spring of the great Riuer of Canada Which is the first mine Sowing of corne 20 Of August Cause of the voyage made into the country of the Armou thiquois A whale in Port Royall Parting from Port Royall Faire Rie found at S. Croix Their meaning is to plant beyond Malebarre to the Southward A ditch profitably made What store of workemen and labourers in New France Their exercise and maner of life Mussels Lapsters Crabs Good prouision of wilde-fowle What quantity of bread and wine Preseruatiue against the sicknesse of New France A cleare and pure aire Allowance * A kinde of stagge or red Deere The liberall naâ—ure of the Sauages Châ—rcoale made in New France What earth is in the medowes Ellans in the Medowes Pemptegoet Kinibeki The bay of Marchin Confederacy The riuer of Olmechin Port De Choüakoet An Iland of vines The riuer of Olmechin The galantnesse of the Sauages Port de la Heve The Sauages doe paint their faces The Oration of Messamoet Messamoets affection to the French men The largesse and liberality of Messamoets The Sauages be liberall A Corne country beanes pumpions and grapes Bessabes Englishmen Asticou A very good Port. The agility of the Armouchiquois Happy people if