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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	good_a	know_v	think_v	3,328	5	3.8263	3	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A28284	The natural and experimental history of winds &c. written in Latine by the Right Honourable Francis Lord Verulam, Viscount St. Alban ; translated into English by R.G., gent.	Bacon, Francis, 1561-1626.; Dugdale, William, Sir, 1605-1686. Brief discourse touching the office of Lord Chancellor of England.; Gentili, Robert, 1590-1654?	1671 (1671)	Wing B306; ESTC R31268	123,856	142

so that winds may pass as it were through Channels which seems to be done in some whirlwinds 18. Enquire for how long time very much ordinary or little time winds use to continue and then slack and as it were expire and die Likewise how the rising and beginning of winds useth to be what their languishing or cessation is whether suddenly or by degrees or how From the bounds of the winds let your Inquisition pass over to the successions of winds either amongst themselves or in respect of rain and showrs for when they lead their rings it were pretty to know the order of their dancing Successions of Winds 19. Whether there be any more certain rule or observation concerning the successions of winds one to another or whether it have any relation to the motion of the Sun or otherwise if it have any what manner of one it is 20. Enquire concerning the succession and the alteration or taking turns of the winds and rain seeing it is ordinarily and often seen that rain lays the wind and the wind doth disperse the rain 21. Whether after a certain term and period of years the succession of winds begin anew and if it be so what that period is and how long From the succession of the winds let the Inquisition pass to their motions and the motions of winds are comprehended in seven Inquisitions whereof three are contained in the former Articles four remain as yet untouched For we have enquired of the motion of winds divided into the several Regions of the Heaven also of the Motion upon three lines upward downward and laterally Likewise of the accidental motion of compressions or Restraints There remain the fourth of Progressions or going forward the fifth of Undulation or waving the sixth of conflict or skirmish the seventh in humane Instruments and Engines Divers Motions of the Winds 22. Seeing Progression is always from some certain place or bound enquire diligently or as well as thou canst concerning the place of the first beginning and as it were the spring of any wind For winds seem to be like unto Fame for though they make a noise and run up and down yet they hide their heads amongst the Clouds so is their Progress as for example if the vehement Northern wind which blew at York such a day do blow at London two days after 23. Omit not the Inquisition of Undulation of winds We call Undulation of winds that motion by which the wind in or for a little space of time rises and abates as the waves of the water which Turns may easily be apprehended by the hearing of them in houses and you must so much the rather mark the differences of Undulation or of Furrowing between the water and the air because in the air and winds there wants the Motion of gravity or weight which is a great part of the cause of the waves rising in the water 24. Enquire carefully concerning the Conflict and meeting of winds which blow at one and the same time First whether at the same time there blow several Original winds for we do not speak of reverberated winds which if it comes to pass what Windings they engender and bring forth in their motion and also what Condensations and Alterations they produce in the body of the Air 25. Whether one wind blow above at the same time as another blows here below with us For it hath been observed by some that sometimes the Clouds are carried one way when the Weather-cock upon a Steeple stands another Also that the Clouds have been driven by a strong gale when we here below have had a great calm 26. Make an exact particular description of the motion of the winds in driving on Ships with their Sails 27. Let there be a Description made of the motion of the winds in the sails of Ships and the sails of Wind-mills in the flight of Hawks and Birds also in things that are ordinary and for sport as of displayed Colours flying Dragons Duels with winds c. From the motions of winds let the Inquisition pass to the force and power of them Of the power of Winds 28. What winds do or can do concerning Currents or Tides of waters in their keepings back puttings forth or inlets and overflowings 29. What they do concerning Plants and Insects bringing in of Locusts Blastings and Mill-dews 30. What they effect concerning Purging or Clearing and infecting of the air in Plagues Sicknesses and Diseases of Beasts 31. What they effect concerning the conveying to us things which we call spiritual as sounds rayes and the like From the powers of winds let the Inquisition pass to the Prognosticks of winds not only for the use of Predictions but because they lead us on to the causes For Prognosticks do either shew us the preparations of things before they be brought into action or the beginnings before they appear to the sense Prognosticks of Winds 32. Let all manner of good Prognosticks of winds be carefully gathered together besides Astrological ones of which we set down formerly how far they are to be enquired after and let them either be taken out of Meteors or Waters or instincts of Beasts or any other way Lastly close up the Inquisition with enquiring after the imitations of winds either in Natural or Artificial things Imitations of Winds 33. Enquire of the Imitations of winds in Natural things such as breaths inclosed within the bodies of living Creatures and breaths within the receptacles of distilling Vessels Enquire concerning made Gales and Artificial winds as Bellows Refrigeratories or coolers in Parlours or Dining rooms c. Let the Heads or Articles be such Neither is it unknown to me that it will be impossible to answer to some of these according to the small quantity of experience that we have But as in civil causes a good Lawyer knows what Interrogatories the Cause requires to have witnesses examined upon but what the witnesses can answer he knows not The same thing is incident to us in Natural History Let those who come after us endeavour for the rest THE HISTORY The Names of Winds To the first Article WE give Names to Winds rather as they are numbred in their order and degrees than by their own Antiquity this we do for memories and perspicuities sake But we adde the old words also because of the assenting voices or opinions of old Authors of which having taken though with somewhat a doubtful judgment many things they will hardly be known but under such names as themselves have used Let the general division be this Let Cardinal winds be those which blow from Corners or Angles of the World Semicardinal those which blow in the half-wards of those and Median Winds those which blow between these half-wards Likewise of those which blow betwixt these half-wards let those be called Major Medians which blow in a Quadrant or fourth part of these divisions the lesser Medians are all the rest Now the particular division is that which

have suffered and been in darkness so they have been troubled with a Vertigo or giddiness concerning staid and certain Winds Of the former they say nothing of the latter they talk up and down and at random This is the more pardonable the thing being various for these stayed winds do change and alter according to the places where they be the same do not blow in Egypt Greece and Italy 1. That there are stayed winds in some places the very name that is given them doth declare it as the other name of Etesiaes means Anniversary or yearly winds 2. The Ancients attributed the cause of the over-flowing of Nilus to the blowing of the Etesian that is to say Northern winds at that time of the year which did hinder the River's running into the Sea and turned the stream of it back 3. There are Currents in the Sea which can neither be attributed to the natural motion of the Ocean nor to the running down from higher places nor the straightness of the opposite shoars or to Promontories running out into the Sea but are meerly guided and governed by these stayed winds 4. Those who will not have Columbus to have conceived such a strong opinion concerning the West-Indies by the relation of a Spanish Pilot and much less believe that he might gather it out of some obscure foot-steps of the Ancients have this refuge that he might conjecture there was some Continent in the West by the certain and stayed winds which blew from them towards the shoars of Lusitania or Portugal A doubtful and not very probable thing seeing that the voyage of winds will hardly reach so large a distance In the mean time there is great honour due to this Inquisition if the finding of this new world be due to one of those Axioms or Observations whereof it comprehends many 5. Wheresoever are high and snowy Mountains from thence blow stayed winds until that time as the snow be melted away 6. I believe also that from great Pools which are full of water in the Winter there blows stayed winds in those seasons when as they begin to dry up with the heat of the Sun But of this I have no certainty 7. Wheresoever Vapours are engendred in abundance and that at certain times be sure that stayed winds will blow there at the same times 8. If stayed and certain winds blow any where and the cause cannot be found near at hand assure your self that those certain winds are strangers and come from far 9. It hath been observed that stayed winds do not blow in the night time but do rise about three hours after Sun-rising Surely such winds are tired as it were with a long journy that they can scarcely break through the thickness of the night Air but being stirred up again by the rising of the Sun they go forward by little and little 10. All stayed winds unless they blow from some neighbouring places are weak and yield unto sudden winds 11. There are many stayed winds which are not perceivable and which we do not observe by reason of their weakness whereby they are overthrown by the freewinds Wherefore in the winter they are hardly taken notice of when the free winds wander most but are more observeable in the Summer when those wandring winds grow weak 12. In Europe these are the chief stayed winds Northwinds from the Solstice and they are both fore-runners and followers of the Dog-star West-winds from the Equinoctial in Autumn Eastwinds from the Spring Equinoctial as for the winter Solstice there is little heed to be taken of it by reason of the varieties 13. The winds called Ornithii or Bird winds had that name given them because they bring Birds out of cold Regions beyond the Sea into warm Climates and they belong not to stayed winds because they for the most part keep no punctual time and the Birds they for the convenience of them whether they come sooner or later and many times when they have begun to blow a little and turn the birds being forsaken by it are drowned in the sea and sometimes fall into ships 14. The returns of these certain or stayed winds are not so precise at a day or an hour as the flowing of the Sea is Some Authors do set down a day but it is rather by conjecture than any constant observation Customary or Attending Winds Of the fourth and fifth Articles Connexion THe word of attending winds is ours and we thought good to give it that the Observation concerning them be not lost nor confounded The meaning is this Divide the year if you please in what Country soever you be into three four or five parts and if any one certain wind blow then two three or four of those parts and a contrary wind but one we call that wind which blows most frequently The customary or Attending wind of that Country and likewise of the times 1. The South and Northwinds are attendants of the world for they with those which are within their Sections or Divisions blow oftner over all the world than either the East or the West 2. All free winds not the customary are more attendant in the winter than in the summer but most of all in the Autumn and Spring 3. All free winds are attendants rather in the Countries without the Tropicks and about the Polar Circles than within for in frozen and in torrid Countrys for the most part they blow more sparingly in the middle Regions they are more frequent 4. Also all free winds especially the strongest and most forcible of them do blow oftner and more strongly morning and evening than at noon and night 5. Free winds blow frequently in hollow places and where there be Caves than in solid and firm ground Injunction Humane diligence hath almost ceased and stood still in the observation of attending winds in particular places which notwithstanding should not have been that Observation being profitable for many things I remember I asked a certain Merchant a wise and discreet man who had made a Plantation in Greenland and had wintred there why that Country was so extream cold seeing it stood in a reasonable temperate Climate He said it was not so great as it was reported but that the cause was twofold One was that the masses and heaps of Ice which came out of the Scithian sea were carried thither The other which he also thought to be the better reason was because the West wind there blows many parts of the year more than the East wind as also said he it doth with us but there it blows from the Continent and cold but with us from the Sea and warmish And said he if the East wind should blow here in England so often constantly as the Westwind does there we should have far colder weather even equal to that as is there 6. The West-winds are attendants of the Pomeridian or afternoon hours for towards the declining of the Sun the winds blow oftner from the East then

But this we are sure of that the reason which Lucippus and Democritus give to bring in a vacuity namely because without it the same bodies could not fill up and contain greater and lesser spaces is false For certainly it is the fold of the matter doubling and redoubling it self by spaces within certain bounds without interposition of Vacuity Neither is there in air two thousand times more for so much it must be of Vacuity than there is in Gold which is sufficiently known to us by the most powerful vertues of Pneumatick or windy bodies which otherwise would swim in Vacuity like small dust and many other Demonstrations And the rest of the Motions do govern and are governed one by another according to the Vigor Quantity Incitation Ejaculation and according to the helps and hindrances which do happen As for example some Load-stone armed will draw up and hold Iron which shall weigh threescore times as much as it self so far the Motion of the lesser Congregation doth predominate above the Motion of the greater Congregation And if there be any greater weight it yields A Beam will bear some weight of timber So far doth the Motion of Liberty predominate upon the motion of the greater Congregation But if the weight be more it will yield Leather stretched out to such an extent will not tear So far the Motion of Continuation predominates upon the Motion of Extension But if it be stretched any further the Leather tears and the Motion of Continuation doth yield Water runs out at a crevise of such a bigness so far the Motion of the greater Congregation predominates over the Motion of Continuation and if the crevise be lesser it yields and the Motion of Continuation overcomes The powder of Sulphur alone put into a Gun with a Bullet and fired doth not drive out the Bullet In that the Motion of the greater Congregation overcomes the motion of Hyles but gun-powder being put in overcomes the motion of Hyles in the Brimstone being helped by the Motions of Hyles and of Flight in the Niter and so of the rest For the instances of strife which shew the predominancy of vertues and according to what means and degrees they predominate and yield is to be sought out by a sharp and diligent Inquisition Likewise the means and ways of the succumbency and yielding of Motions are carefully to be looked into Namely whether they cease altogether or whether they only strive so to do and are withheld For in bodies here with us there is no true rest neither in the whole nor in the parts but only in appearance and seemingness And this seeming Quietness or rest is caused either by the Counterpoise or the predominancy of Motions By counterpoise as in Scales which stand even if the weights be equal By predominancy as in pitchers which have holes in them where the water lyeth still and is kept from falling by the predominancy of the motion of Connexion Yet we must observe as we said before how far those yielding Motions do strive For if any one through striving be kept down stretched out upon the earth with his arms and legs bound or otherwise held and yet he with all his force strive to get up his striving is nothing the less though it doth not availe But the condition of this thing namely whether the yielding motion be as it were annihilated by the predominancy or whether the strife continue though it is not perceived which lyeth hidden in Conflicts will peradventure appear in concurrencies Let the trial be made in Guns whether a Gun will shoot a bullet furthest in a direct line which we call point blank or shooting upwards where the only force carries the Bullet or downwards where the Motion of Gravity concurs with the force of the blow Also the Rules of Predominancies which come in the way are to be gathered together As the commoner the good is which is desired the stronger it is As the motion of Connexion which looks upon the communion of the Universal is stronger than the Motion of Gravity or weight which looks only upon the communion of dense and solid things Also that the desires of a private good most commonly do not prevail against the desires which are for a more Publick good but in some small quantities Which would God we might obtain in Civil Affairs The way how to find out the Causes of the Ebbing and flowing of the Sea THis motion must of necessity be brought to passe either by the Progress and Regresse of waters like unto water tossed up and down in a Tub which when it washeth one side of the Tub forsaketh the other side or by the rising and falling of the waters from the bottome like unto water that boiles up and falls again Now which of these two causes must be the cause of Ebbing and Flowing is the question If the first assertion be admitted of then of necessity when the flowing of the sea is one way the sea must at the same time in one place or other be Ebbing and this is the thing which we enquired Acost a with some others after diligent enquirie have observed that on the shoars of Florida and the opposite shoars of Spain and Africk the Ebbings and Flowings of the Sea are at the same time and not contrariwise when it flows at the shoars of Florida it ebbs on the shoars of Spain and Africa But if one give more attention and take better heed the rising motion is not confirmed nor the motion by Progress denyed For it may be that the motion of waters in Progress may be and yet it may flow upon the opposite banks of the same Channel at the same time namely if the waters be forced and driven in from another place as it is in Rivers which ebb and flow on both their banks on each side at the same time this motion notwithstanding being a meer motion in Progress namely of waters coming in at the mouths of the Rivers out of the Sea so in the same manner waters coming in great abundance out of the Indian Eastern Ocean may be be driven and thrust into the Channel of the Atlantick Sea and therefore may over-flow both banks at one time Therefore we must enquire whether there be ever another Channel by which the waters may ebb and so diminish at the same time And behold here is the south sea at hand which is no lesser than the Atlantick sea but large and extended sufficiently for this purpose So now at last we are come to the Instance of the Cross concerning this subject which word is taken from Crosses which are set up in cross ways and point out the separations of them And these we use to call Decisory and Judicial Instances and in some cases Instance of Oracle and mandate The manner of them is this When in the Inquisition of some Nature the understanding is suspended and uncertain to which of the two or more natures the Cause of the