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A25375 Chymical disceptations, or, Discourses upon acid and alkali wherein are examined the object of Mr. Boyle against these principles : together with a reply to a letter of Mr. S. Doctor of Physick & fellow of the colleg of *** : wherein many errors are corrected, touching the nature of these two salts / by Fran. Andre, Dr. in Physick ..., faithfully rendered out of French into English by J.W. ; to which is added, by the translator, a discourse of phlebotomy shewing the absolute evils, together with the accidental benefits thereof, in some cases.; Entretiéns sur l'acide et sur l'alkali. English Saint André, François de, fl. 1677-1725. 1689 (1689) Wing A3113A; ESTC R30709 47,738 222

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Effervescence as of spirit of Niter with oil of Tartar if on the contrary one of these two Salts is weak and the other strong as are the Alkali of Water and the Acid of Oil of Vitriol well deflegmed there is only made a little heat without effervescence if the Acid which is mingled with the Alkali is dis-intangled from its own Alkali and passive Principles as the Acid of Oil of Vitriol there is made a Fermentation with Heat and Effervescence and if on the contrary the Acid is intangled as in Vitriol in its Body there is only made a Fermentation with Effervescence without Heat In like manner if these two Salts are exalted and dis-intangled one from the other and from the passive Principles they take fire at the same time that they ferment as Calx vive doth when it is sprinkled with some Vinegar In a word if these two Salts are weak the Fermentation is insensible There are few Fermentations made but there is at the same time made a Precipitation tho' there are several Precipitations made without Fermentation as in the Precipitation which is done by Acids of Mercury sublimate dissolved in Water Precipitation is a Dis-uninion of a dissolved Body from its dissolvant in such manner that being separated therefrom it falls by its own weight to the bottom of the vessel which contain'd it Precipitation is made several wayes for either it is an Acid which holds an Alkali in dissolution or it s an Acid which is dissolved by an Alkali as it happens in the Composition of Regulus of Antimony in which the Sulphur of Antimony which is an Acid is separated from the Regulus and remains in the Foeces dissolved by the Alkali's of Tartar and Niter If it is an Acid which holds an Alkali in dissolution where the union is so perfect that there is not the least Pore empty as in all the compound Mineral Salts as Vitriol the Precipitation cannot be made but by an Alkali or else where the union is not so perfect and there remains a great many Pores which are not filled by this Acid as in corrosive sublimate The Precipitation may be done as well by Acids OTHER DISCOVRSES UPON Acid Alkali PYROPH THOSE Arguings which we had at our last Meeing have almost wholly persuaded me of the Verity of the Hypothesis of Acid and Alkali But I must confess dear EUBULUS that I have been extreamly shaken by the Reflections of the Incomparable Mr. Boyle upon these Principles which are lately fallen into my hands and the Objections which he makes are so strong that it seems impossible to bring a solution thereof EUB. I doubt not but that the Objections which the leared Mr. Boyle makes against Our Hypothesis have much seeming Truth in them but nevertheless I believe that they may be resolved with great Ease when one very exactly considers what I have said to you concerning the nature of these two Principles and all their force will serve to make the Truth of this Hypothesis the more conspicuous PYR. Mr. Boyle thinks it strange That they should explain all the Qualities of Bodies and the other Phoenomena's of Nature by this new System and that they attribute to it an Extent which ought only to be given to Matter and Motion EUB. You may easily conclude by the several Phoenomena's of all sort of Species which I have explained to you according to these Principles That it will be easy to Explain all those which they shall be able to prefer and I do not see Why the Extent that is given to this Hypothesis ought to be different from that of Matter and Motion since that in it self is found the Existence of the Matter and Cause of Motion PYR Our illustrious Englishman pretends That they have not made Experiments enough nor sufficient Inductions to prove That Acid and Alkali are to be found in all Bodies and in all the sensible Parts of Mixts and That they ought not to conclude that these Two Salts are to be found therein because such or such Effects are the Emanations of these Principles as for Example When the Patrons of Acid and Alkali see Aqua Fort. or Spirit of Niter dissolve Filings of Copper they conclude thereupon That the Dissolvant which is Acid meets in those filings of Copper with an Alkali upon which it works Whereas they do not take Notice That a well deflegm'd Spirit of Urine which in their Hypothesis is a Volatile Alkali dissolved in a little Flegm do's dissolve filings of Copper as readily and much more naturally than Aqua Fort. doth EUB. I believe you have sufficiently proved by those Experiments which I brought you That there is Acid and Alkali in all parts of Mixts It is most easy to separate these Two Principles from Animals Vegetables and the most part of Minerals but as for Metals These Principles are therein so strictly united one with the other That it is almost Impossible to dis-unite them Nevertheless we see therein the same Effects as we know are produced in other Bodies by Acid and Alkali and therefore we have good ground to believe That these principles are also to be met with therein and That the same effects are produced by the same Causes Thus when we see Spirit of Niter and the volatile spirit of sal Armoniack dissolve filings of Copper we conclude That there is Acid and Alkali in those filings and That the Acid spirit of Niter acts on the Alkali which it finds therein and the sharp spirit of sal Armoniack on its Acid for 't is a sure Maxim That Acid spirits never act nor ferment but with Alkali's and Alkali's on the contrary never act upon any other Bodies but Acids and thus Mr. Boyle's Objection is of no force seeing Spirit of Niter and Spirit of sal Armoniack meet in the filings of Copper with different Parts upon which they act differently and they act not any otherwise on the same subject PYR. He continues his Objections by an Experiment like the former He saies That in the Solution which is made of Iron by Acid Spirits they are wont to attribute this Effect to the Acidity of the Liquor which dissolved it although Iron is dissolv'd redily enough and also in the Cold too in sharp Spirits EUB. This Objection is as easily resolved as the former for there is found in Iron as there is in Copper Acid and Alkali The Spirit of Niter acts on its Alkali and the Spirit of sal Armoniack on its Sulphur or Acid and 't is sufficient that the one or other of these Two Liquors act upon the Alkali or Acid of the Iron to make the Metal change its Form as for the rest it is sufficiently easy to know That there are Acid and Alkali in Iron by this That Iron cast into Cream hinders that the Butter cannot be made in as much as it charges it self with the Acid which ought to make the Coagulation and there are none but Alkalies which have the Priviledge to
to please the Learned I intend to shew a greater Use thereof in Medicine by the Explication of Diseases and their Symptoms and the Remidies we may obtain therefrom with the manner how they act Errata Pag. 7. l. 4. read but they p. 9. l. 10. r. Harts-horn p. 13. l. 8. different ib. l. 9 -gulations p. 14. l. 3. a salt ib. l. 5. disssolve it p. 50. l. 13. absorbed p. 56. l. 17. it self p. 59. l. 9. leaves p. 63. l. 20. Retine p. 64. l. 22. Retine p. 65. l. 16. dele of p. 68. l. 11 Retine p. 72. l. 2. and. ib. l. 20. hath p. 79 l. 14. or one p. 99. l. 19. with p. 101. l. 21. dele the. p. 105 l. 21. dele the. p. 106 l. 10. it p. 115. l. 1. become p. 127. l. 15. you have p. 139. l. 16. add one p. 165. l. 3. be as CHYMICAL DISCEPTATIONS Or SOME DISCOURSES UPON Acid and Alkali EUBULUS DEar Pyrophilus We shall at last arrive at the End of our Errors and Draw from the Fountain of Nature it self Those Necessary Lights which can make us Philosophers PYROPH What say you Eubulus EUB. I say nothing but what I can convince you of by evident Reason and certain Experiments PYR. How have you discovered the Truth EUB. The Reading good Authors and the Converse which I for some time have had with learned Men have quite demolished all my Prejudices and made me Examine things with as much Freedom and Impartiality as I had before of Antipathy I have constantly observed That Authority eve● to this present time hath been an Invincible Enemy both to Physick and Medicine and the very Rock upon which all the Famous Men of the past Ages have rely'd and is indeed at this day the Cause of so many Sects and different Opinions which we see in the Schools Whereas Reason and Experience are the only True KEYS which can give Admittance in●o either of these Sciences for ●o be a Philosopher it is abso●utely necessary to banish Au●hority and to follow Reason ●nd Experience I am not ●ble sufficiently to admire the ●rosperous Success and Exact●ess of the Anatomists and Chy●ists of our Age The first ●aving discovered to us in the Body Parts Humours and Uses ●nknown to the Antients and ●he Last have withdrawn us ●rom that erroneous Darkness wherein the Four Elements and ●heir First and Occult Qualities had plunged us giving us Principles as clear as those were obscure PYR. I have alwaies told you That Anatomy and Chymistry were great Assistants to Physick and Medicine and that they enlighten us much where we attain it only by their Experiments EBU. I do not design to Entertain you here with the New Discoveries of Anatomists upon Humane Bodies I shall only speak of those which Chymists have made us take Notice of in the Dissolution of Mixts Know that for this Effect They acknowledg two sorts of Principles of which some they call Active Principles and others they stile Passive Principles The Active Prin●iples are the Causes of all the Actions and all the different Motions which are done in Nature The Passive Princi●les on the contrary are not ●apable of any Action but serve only as Matrixes to the active Principles for them therein to make their Productions PYR. VVe cannot desire an exacter Distinction of Principles but how many have you of either EUB. There is some Controversy amongst Chymists about the Number of Active Principles Some will have Three which they call Salt Sulphur and Mercury pretending that these are the last Bodies they find in the Resolution of Mixts By Mercury they understand the most subtile most penetrating and most aetherial Substance in the Mixt. By Sulphur all that which is therein oleagenous and inflamable and By Salt and that is dissolved in Water and coagulated by Fire they say The Mercury or Spirit is the Soul of Bodies That it gives Motion and Life to Animals That it makes Plants grow brings forth blowers and ripens Fruits also that it renders Stones and Mettals perfect That the Sulphur or Oil Causes the Diversity of Colours and Odors the Beauty and Deformity of Bodies and That the Salt is the cause of the Tastes Weight Solidity and hardness of Mixts Others acknowledg that there are Salt Sulphur and Mercury in all Bodies they demonstrate also by several Experiments That these Three Substances are composed of Two others a great deal more simple viz. of Acid and Alkali Salts and that Salt Sulphur and Mercury are no other but these Two Salts at liberty or intangl'd In effect you shall observe That there are Two sorts of Salts there are some Simples which are not compounded of any other Substance and some Compounds as are all the compound Mineral Salts and essential Salts of Plants which are composed of simple Salts and passive Principles notwithstanding in such sort as the Acid which is the first of these simple Salts predominates therein And these Salts are called Salts because they are dissolved by Moisture and coagulated by Driness The simple Salts are either Alkali or Acid the Alkali Salts are either Fixed or Volatile the Acid Salts are alwaies in a Liquor therefore called Acid Spirits nevertheless these Acid Spirits are no other but Acid Salts dissolved in a little water The Alkali Salt on the contrary is almost alwaies in a Body it is as I said but even now either fixed or volatile the fixed Alkali Salt is never elevated by the action of Fire as Salt of Tartar and all those Salts which are drawn from Plants by Incineration which we call Lixiviate Salts as those of Scordium Tamarisk c. The Volatile Alkali Salt on the contrary is elevated with the least heat of fire and is drawn chiefly from Animals as the Volatile Salt of Vipers Harts c. There are Three Sorts of Mercury or Spirit an Acid Spirit as that of Niter Allum Vitriol c. A sharp or biting Spirit as that of Harts-horn Urine Vipers c. and a burning Spirit as that of Wine Beer Cyder c. The Acid Spirit is an Acid Salt dissolved in a little Flegm The sharp biting Spirit is an Alkali volatile likewise dissolved in a little Flegm and the burning Spirit is a Sulphur and a Sulphur is an enveloped Acid. All Chymists in effect agree That there are two passive Principles viz. Water and Earth or Flegm and Caput Mort. The Water serves as a Menstruum and Dissolvant to the Acid and Alkali Salts and it is extracted by Distillation from those Bodies which contain it The Earth serves as a Bond to these Two Salts it is extracted commonly after the Extraction of the Lixivious Salt. It is to be noted That according to the different Mixture of these Four sorts of Substances and the different Rangings of their Parts there are made different Productions in Nature sometimes of Animals sometimes of Vegetables and sometimes of Minerals PYR What do you mean by Acid Salt and Alkali Salt EUB.