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&_o antiquitatibus_fw-la ejus_fw-la disquisitione_n authore_fw-la jacobo_fw-la waraeo_n eq._n aurato_fw-la octavo_fw-la by_o who_o also_o all_o sort_n of_o book_n bring_v from_o beyond_o the_o sea_n be_v to_o be_v sold._n finis_fw-la the_o true_a effigy_n of_o f._n aluarez_n semedo_n procurator_n of_o y_fw-fr e_o province_n of_o japan_n &_o china_n tho_n cross_n fecit_fw-la see_v a_o large_a discourse_n of_o the_o order_n of_o this_o leaf_n and_o of_o the_o many_o virtue_n of_o the_o drink_n in_o the_o voyage_n and_o mission_n of_o alexanderd_n rhodes_n print_v at_o paris_n 1653._o 1_o part_n 13_o cap._n it_o be_v call_v also_o tay._n see_v the_o syriack_n inscription_n explain_v by_o kirkes_n in_o his_o prodrom_n copt_n cap._n 3._o pag._n 73._o see_v another_o translation_n somewhat_o differ_v from_o this_o in_o kircher_n prodrom_n copt_n cap._n 3_o pag._n 53._o the_o tartar_n be_v ancient_a enemy_n to_o china_n who_o be_v the_o tartar_n the_o tartar_n conquer_v china_n heretofore_o 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the_o name_n of_o the_o chief_a felon_n they_o vex_v several_a province_n they_o besiege_v the_o noble_a city_n caifung_a a_o unheard_a of_o famin._n the_o city_n of_o caifung_a be_v drown_v the_o general_n of_o the_o thief_n take_v the_o title_n of_o a_o king_n he_o take_v the_o country_n of_o xensi_fw-la call_v himself_o emperor_n the_o thief_n good_a government_n the_o prefect_n discord_n be_v another_o cause_n of_o the_o ruin_n of_o china_n the_o thief_n take_v the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la the_o emperor_n of_o china_n be_v trouble_v the_o stratagem_n of_o the_o thief_n the_o royal_a city_n of_o peking_n be_v take_v the_o emperor_n have_v kill_v his_o daughter_n hang_v himself_o the_o thief_n tyranny_n and_o cruelty_n the_o tartar_n call_v into_o china_n against_o the_o thief_n the_o thief_n fly_v from_o the_o tartar_n they_o carry_v away_o the_o treasure_n of_o the_o palace_n zungteus_n king_n of_o the_o tartar_n die_v the_o tartar_n refuse_v to_o depart_v china_n â—â—eir_fw-fr craft_n 〈◊〉_d deceit_n a_o great_a company_n of_o tartar_n enter_v china_n the_o tartar_n seize_v upon_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n xunchiis_fw-la crown_v the_o first_o emperor_n of_o the_o tartar_n 〈◊〉_d china_n the_o fidelity_n of_o the_o king_n tutor_n call_v amavangus_n vsangueius_fw-la force_v to_o serve_v the_o tartar_n it_o be_v not_o know_v what_o become_v of_o licungzus_n the_o tartar_n subdue_v several_a province_n they_o change_v no_o law_n of_o the_o nation_n hungquangus_fw-la crown_v emperor_n in_o hanquin_n the_o tartar_n admit_v no_o peace_n zunchinius_n his_o son_n appear_v at_o nankue_v he_o cause_v trouble_n in_o china_n the_o flight_n of_o the_o chinese_n the_o city_n yangcheu_o resist_v the_o tartar_n be_v take_v and_o burn_v the_o tartar_n take_v several_a place_n the_o emperor_n hunquangus_fw-la be_v take_v and_o kill_v the_o tartar_n run_v to_o the_o city_n hangcheu_fw-la king_n lovingus_fw-la love_n to_o his_o subject_n many_o of_o the_o king_n 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first_o therefore_o the_o prefect_n or_o governor_n war_n do_v abuse_v the_o merchant_n tartar_n of_o niuche_n when_o they_o come_v into_o leaotung_n which_o be_v a_o province_n confine_v next_o to_o they_o then_o again_o when_o the_o king_n of_o niuche_n will_v have_v marry_v his_o daughter_n to_o another_o king_n of_o the_o tartar_n cause_n they_o hinder_v this_o marriage_n by_o represent_v some_o pretend_a reason_n of_o state_n and_o final_o when_o the_o king_n of_o niuche_n suspect_v nothing_o from_o they_o he_o conceive_v his_o friend_n cause_n they_o take_v he_o by_o deceit_n and_o kill_v he_o perfidious_o wherefore_o to_o revenge_v these_o injury_n china_n the_o king_n son_n gather_v a_o strong_a army_n and_o take_v his_o time_n find_v mean_n to_o get_v over_o the_o great_a wall_n i_o mention_v and_o the_o great_a river_n be_v freeze_v he_o present_o set_v upon_o the_o great_a city_n kaiyven_v or_o as_o other_o call_v it_o taxum_fw-la which_o lie_v upon_o the_o confine_n of_o 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stratagem_n to_o make_v that_o unknown_a instrument_n less_o hurtful_a to_o they_o than_o their_o enemy_n do_v imagine_v for_o the_o tartarian_a king_n command_v such_o as_o make_v the_o first_o onset_n to_o carry_v a_o thick_a hard_a board_n for_o their_o shield_n which_o be_v as_o good_a to_o they_o as_o a_o wooden_a wall_n these_o man_n be_v second_v by_o other_o company_n who_o carry_v ladder_n to_o climb_v up_o the_o wall_n and_o the_o horse_n come_v up_o in_o the_o rear_n in_o this_o manner_n he_o set_v upon_o the_o city_n in_o four_o quarter_n and_o receive_v the_o discharge_n of_o their_o musket_n against_o his_o wooden_a wall_n then_o in_o a_o moment_n the_o scaling-ladder_n be_v apply_v before_o they_o can_v charge_v again_o they_o be_v upon_o the_o wall_n and_o enter_v the_o city_n for_o such_o be_v the_o quickness_n and_o nimbleness_n of_o the_o tartar_n in_o which_o they_o excel_v all_o nation_n and_o in_o which_o also_o they_o place_v their_o chief_a art_n that_o in_o a_o trice_n they_o either_o prevail_v in_o their_o design_n or_o retire_v and_o the_o little_a skill_n the_o chiness_n have_v in_o the_o use_n of_o musket_n be_v no_o small_a hindrance_n to_o the_o war_n for_o the_o tartar_n quickness_n and_o nimbleness_n not_o give_v they_o time_n to_o charge_v again_o be_v astonish_v with_o the_o sudden_a inundation_n of_o arm_a man_n they_o present_o flee_v which_o way_n soever_o they_o can_v but_o be_v pursue_v by_o the_o swift_a tartarian_a horse_n most_o of_o they_o perish_v in_o the_o take_n of_o this_o great_a city_n take_v this_o city_n be_v take_v the_o tartar_n like_o a_o torrent_n overrun_v many_o other_o of_o less_o note_n but_o among_o other_o he_o take_v that_o noble_a city_n evamgn_v and_o overrun_v most_o speedy_o the_o whole_a country_n of_o leaotung_n he_o enter_v the_o province_n of_o pekin_n and_o come_v within_o seven_o league_n of_o the_o very_a imperial_a city_n he_o dare_v not_o advance_v fear_v the_o enemy_n may_v compass_v or_o surround_v he_o because_o he_o hear_v that_o a_o world_n of_o man_n come_v in_o to_o help_v their_o distress_a prince_n but_o the_o tartar_n strike_v such_o a_o terror_n into_o the_o heart_n of_o all_o the_o country_n he_o have_v pass_v as_o both_o soldier_n and_o citizen_n quit_v their_o house_n leave_v the_o empty_a wall_n to_o the_o tartarian_n possession_n know_v the_o tartar_n to_o have_v that_o custom_n and_o practice_n to_o destroy_v and_o put_v all_o to_o fire_n and_o sword_n that_o do_v resist_v to_n and_o only_o pillage_v the_o city_n that_o submit_v leave_v the_o citizen_n alive_a and_o treat_v they_o courteous_o by_o which_o mean_v have_v collect_v a_o world_n of_o riches_n he_o return_v to_o leaotung_v victorious_a and_o because_o his_o soothsayer_n have_v persuade_v he_o that_o the_o stand_n of_o the_o old_a wall_n be_v unfortunate_a he_o beat_v they_o down_o and_o compass_v it_o about_o with_o new_a fortify_v they_o with_o new_a munition_n and_o there_o proclaim_v himself_o emperor_n of_o china_n 1618._o for_o although_o as_o yet_o he_o have_v take_v nothing_o of_o china_n but_o only_o the_o skirt_n of_o the_o eastern_a country_n of_o the_o province_n of_o leaotung_n yet_o in_o his_o hope_n &_o aspire_a thought_n he_o have_v devour_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n wherefore_o he_o be_v call_v in_o the_o china_n language_n theienmingus_fw-la in_o the_o three_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n which_o be_v in_o that_o of_o one_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o and_o eighteen_o in_o this_o year_n some_o in_o authority_n about_o the_o emperor_n vanley_n demand_v the_o banishment_n of_o the_o priest_n who_o do_v then_o preach_v the_o christian_a religion_n to_o that_o nation_n but_o the_o emperor_n who_o in_o his_o heart_n love_v christanity_n and_o those_o particular_o that_o first_o plant_v that_o religion_n among_o they_o give_v no_o ear_n for_o a_o long_a while_n to_o their_o demand_n but_o at_o length_n overcome_v by_o the_o importunity_n of_o a_o chief_a commander_n who_o have_v ever_o be_v a_o sore_a enemy_n to_o christian_a religion_n and_o be_v call_v xinchio_n it_o be_v ordain_v and_o proclaim_v that_o all_o those_o father_n that_o do_v propagate_v christian_n religion_n shall_v be_v banish_v the_o kingdom_n upon_o which_o some_o of_o they_o be_v secret_o conceal_v in_o several_a province_n by_o some_o christian_a governor_n other_o be_v take_v be_v carry_v in_o great_a cage_n to_o macao_n christian_n wherein_o be_v shut_v up_o day_n and_o night_n they_o suffer_v extreme_o whilst_o other_o also_o be_v whip_v out_o of_o the_o country_n rejoice_v to_o undergo_v something_o for_o his_o sake_n who_o name_n they_o bear_v but_o that_o which_o add_v more_o affliction_n to_o all_o these_o misery_n be_v the_o emperor_n vanley_n prohibition_n to_o all_o his_o to_o profess_v christian_a religion_n but_o upon_o this_o occasion_n the_o christian_n
persuade_v he_o to_o leave_v the_o imperial_a city_n and_o retire_v to_o the_o southern_a province_n but_o he_o protest_v he_o will_v rather_o die_v than_o quit_v the_o northern_a quarter_n and_o not_o only_o so_o but_o he_o forbid_v any_o to_o depart_v the_o court_n or_o town_n besiege_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o tartar_n make_v many_o fierce_a assault_n and_o as_o often_o be_v valiant_o beat_v back_o with_o great_a loss_n and_o carnage_n yvenus_n be_v call_v to_o resist_v the_o tartar_n for_o as_o yet_o his_o traitorous_a comploâ—s_n be_v not_o discover_v and_o lest_o he_o shall_v discover_v his_o treason_n he_o come_v with_o his_o army_n near_o the_o very_a wall_n of_o the_o court_n which_o be_v of_o a_o vast_a extent_n and_o as_o it_o be_v a_o great_a partition_n between_o the_o two_o army_n from_o which_o both_o the_o chinese_n and_o tartar_n force_n be_v perfect_o discern_v but_o though_o yvenus_n be_v under_o the_o emperor_n eye_n yet_o he_o act_v little_a for_o his_o only_a aim_n be_v to_o return_v home_o lade_v with_o riches_n he_o never_o desist_v to_o persuade_v the_o emperor_n to_o admit_v his_o condition_n of_o peace_n so_o that_o the_o emperor_n find_v he_o evident_o to_o be_v a_o traitor_n disclose_v his_o intention_n to_o none_o of_o his_o council_n nor_o governor_n send_v to_o invite_v he_o to_o a_o private_a council_n of_o war_n give_v also_o order_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v admit_v into_o the_o city_n over_o the_o wall_n lest_o if_o any_o gate_n shall_v be_v open_a the_o tartar_n be_v so_o near_o may_v press_v in_o upon_o they_o but_o indeed_o he_o order_v the_o business_n in_o this_o manner_n lest_o he_o shall_v bring_v his_o army_n into_o the_o city_n with_o he_o yvenus_n therefore_o know_v he_o have_v many_o chief_a man_n about_o the_o emperor_n person_n who_o be_v both_o his_o favourity_n and_o friend_n and_o that_o none_o of_o they_o give_v he_o the_o least_o sign_n of_o any_o distaste_n that_o the_o emperor_n may_v conceive_v against_o he_o kill_v bold_o and_o secure_o present_v himself_o at_o court_n and_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o appear_v he_o be_v present_o arrest_v and_o after_o some_o few_o question_n the_o emperor_n command_v he_o to_o be_v kill_v the_o tartar_n hear_v of_o his_o death_n before_o the_o china_n army_n have_v a_o new_a general_n assign_v raise_v the_o siege_n depart_v ransack_v all_o the_o country_n round_o about_o and_o after_o they_o have_v make_v excursion_n to_o the_o next_o border_v province_n of_o xantung_n rich_o lade_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o spoil_n return_v to_o their_o first_o residence_n in_o leaotung_n from_o these_o time_n till_o the_o year_n 1636._o the_o event_n of_o their_o war_n be_v very_o various_a succeed_v but_o in_o general_n we_o observe_v that_o the_o tartar_n can_v never_o fix_v a_o foot_n in_o china_n but_o they_o be_v present_o beat_v out_o again_o in_o this_o same_o year_n thienzungus_n king_n of_o the_o tartar_n die_v after_o who_o succeed_v his_o son_n zungteus_n father_n to_o he_o that_o now_o govern_v china_n of_o who_o we_o now_o must_v begin_v to_o treat_v this_o prince_n before_o his_o reign_n express_v much_o judgement_n in_o several_a occurrence_n mild_a surpass_v all_o the_o king_n of_o tartary_n in_o humanity_n and_o oblige_a courtesy_n for_o when_o he_o be_v young_a he_o be_v send_v by_o his_o father_n into_o china_n where_o he_o live_v secret_o and_o learn_v the_o china_n manner_n doctrine_n and_o language_n and_o now_o come_v to_o the_o kingdom_n he_o change_v and_o far_o surpass_v all_o the_o example_n of_o his_o predecessor_n for_o have_v observe_v that_o their_o too_o hard_a and_o cruel_a usage_n of_o the_o chiness_n have_v be_v the_o principal_a obstacle_n of_o their_o advancement_n nation_n to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v conquer_v that_o empire_n he_o so_o much_o thirst_v after_o as_o well_o by_o love_n as_o by_o arm_n he_o courteous_o entertain_v and_o cherish_v all_o those_o of_o china_n which_o come_v unto_o he_o 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tartar_n protection_n for_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o china_n great_a avarice_n and_o perfidiousness_n chinese_n it_o be_v a_o necessary_a though_o most_o inhuman_a maxim_n that_o those_o officer_n perish_v who_o have_v manage_v the_o kingdom_n affair_n with_o less_o success_n for_o they_o easy_o be_v bring_v to_o believe_v that_o such_o unhappy_a event_n do_v not_o proceed_v so_o much_o from_o the_o frown_n of_o inconstant_a fortune_n as_o it_o do_v from_o the_o perfidy_n or_o negligence_n of_o the_o commander_n so_o as_o if_o any_o fight_v unhappy_o or_o if_o he_o lose_v the_o country_n commit_v to_o his_o charge_n if_o any_o sedition_n or_o rebellion_n happen_v the_o governor_n hardly_o ever_o escape_v alive_a see_v therefore_o they_o find_v so_o much_o humanity_n in_o the_o tartar_n and_o so_o much_o inhumanity_n in_o the_o emperor_n they_o rather_o choose_v to_o fly_v to_o the_o former_a by_o this_o occasion_n give_v i_o leave_v to_o relate_v what_o happen_v to_o that_o incomparable_a commander_n renown_v both_o for_o fidelity_n and_o fortitude_n call_v kill_v ignatius_n this_o heroic_a mind_n prefer_v his_o fidelity_n to_o his_o prince_n before_o his_o life_n before_o the_o tartarian_n protection_n yea_o even_o before_o the_o strength_n of_o his_o formidable_a army_n and_o choose_v rather_o with_o his_o unparalleled_a fidelity_n to_o submit_v his_o head_n to_o a_o block_n by_o a_o unjust_a sentence_n than_o to_o abandon_v his_o country_n or_o once_o commit_v the_o least_o fault_n against_o his_o sovereign_n though_o guilty_a of_o much_o injustice_n towards_o he_o fidelity_n he_o may_v perchance_o have_v sway_v the_o sovereign_a sceptre_n of_o china_n if_o he_o will_v have_v hearken_v to_o his_o soldier_n but_o he_o rather_o choose_v to_o die_v glorious_o than_o to_o be_v brand_v with_o the_o name_n of_o a_o traitor_n after_o this_o man_n therefore_o have_v gain_v several_a victory_n against_o the_o tartar_n and_o recover_v many_o city_n from_o their_o possession_n so_o as_o he_o hope_v short_o whole_o to_o extirpate_v they_o out_o of_o china_n his_o soldier_n be_v long_o without_o pay_n seditious_o plunder_v and_o pillage_v a_o town_n which_o have_v ever_o be_v faithful_a to_o the_o king_n ignatius_n by_o several_a petition_n and_o remonstrance_n to_o the_o emperor_n have_v declare_v his_o want_n of_o money_n and_o their_o want_n of_o pay_n but_o because_o he_o feed_v not_o those_o venal_a soul_n that_o manage_v the_o business_n for_o money_n and_o present_n piety_n they_o always_o suppress_v his_o humble_a address_n for_o relief_n beside_o this_o man_n be_v a_o very_a pious_a christian_a he_o do_v nothing_o in_o his_o government_n but_o what_o be_v conform_v to_o reason_n and_o justice_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n he_o incur_v the_o hatred_n of_o all_o the_o ancient_a prefectâ—_n who_o usual_o receive_v bribe_n from_o the_o contest_a party_n demand_v favour_n of_o ignatius_n for_o their_o client_n but_o it_o be_v in_o vain_a to_o intercede_v for_o any_o unless_o the_o justness_n of_o the_o cause_n do_v also_o balance_v their_o petition_n and_o these_o man_n attribute_v this_o proceed_n not_o to_o virtue_n but_o to_o his_o pride_n think_v themselves_o undervalue_v by_o he_o deal_v underhand_o with_o the_o prefect_n in_o the_o court_n to_o stop_v the_o army_n pay_v that_o so_o they_o may_v destroy_v this_o innocent_a man_n moreover_o he_o be_v envy_v by_o the_o commander_n in_o the_o very_a court_n because_o he_o come_v to_o this_o eminent_a dignity_n by_o his_o own_o valour_n and_o industry_n which_o they_o imagine_v be_v only_o to_o be_v give_v to_o doctor_n and_o ignatius_n be_v but_o a_o licenciat_n as_o if_o the_o most_o learned_a must_v needs_o be_v also_o the_o most_o valorous_a in_o this_o conjuncture_n of_o affair_n the_o soldier_n not_o content_v with_o the_o seditious_a pillage_n see_v the_o most_o imminent_a danger_n hang_v over_o their_o most_o
tartar_n do_v invade_v not_o only_o the_o mediterranean_a and_o oriental_a part_n but_o also_o the_o occidental_a quarter_n of_o that_o vast_a kingdom_n but_o before_o i_o begin_v to_o speak_v of_o this_o monster_n of_o nature_n i_o must_v ingenious_o confess_v tyrant_n i_o be_o both_o ashamed_a and_o also_o touch_v with_o a_o kind_n of_o horror_n to_o declare_v his_o villainy_n both_o in_o respect_n they_o seem_v to_o exceed_v all_o belief_n and_o therefore_o i_o may_v perchance_o be_v hold_v to_o write_v fable_n as_o also_o because_o it_o be_v no_o grateful_a thing_n to_o make_v reflection_n on_o such_o subject_n yet_o i_o may_v sincere_o protest_v that_o i_o have_v in_o my_o hand_n a_o long_a relation_n of_o all_o his_o act_n write_v by_o two_o religious_a person_n who_o be_v then_o in_o the_o province_n of_o suchuen_n to_o exercise_v their_o function_n which_o country_n be_v the_o theatre_n of_o all_o his_o brutality_n which_o i_o shall_v relate_v and_o because_o i_o judge_v these_o two_o person_n to_o be_v of_o a_o incorrupted_a faith_n i_o judge_v therefore_o that_o a_o mortal_a man_n may_v arrive_v to_o this_o pitch_n of_o wickedness_n and_o inhuman_a cruelty_n i_o therefore_o gather_v out_o of_o that_o relation_n what_o i_o here_o relate_v which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o vast_a mass_n of_o such_o abominable_a cruelty_n as_o i_o doubt_v not_o even_o the_o most_o mild_a reader_n will_v take_v the_o author_n to_o be_v no_o man_n but_o some_o horrid_a wild_a beast_n or_o rather_o if_o no_o more_o execrable_a name_n occur_v some_o devil_n transâ—vested_v in_o our_o humane_a nature_n this_o monster_n like_o a_o wild_a bear_n enter_v into_o divers_a province_n fill_v all_o with_o rapine_n death_n fire_n and_o sword_n with_o all_o other_o imaginable_a misery_n for_o he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o destroy_v all_o that_o so_o he_o may_v have_v no_o enemy_n or_o leave_v any_o alive_a that_o may_v revolt_v from_o he_o but_o only_o content_v himself_o with_o 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furious_o rage_v in_o the_o darkness_n of_o infidelity_n this_o brigand_n have_v certain_a violent_a and_o sudden_a motion_n of_o furious_a cruelty_n and_o maxim_n draw_v from_o the_o very_a bowel_n of_o vengeance_n its_o self_n for_o if_o he_o be_v never_o so_o little_o offend_v by_o another_o or_o suspect_v another_o to_o be_v offend_v with_o he_o he_o present_o command_v such_o to_o be_v massacre_v and_o have_v nothing_o in_o his_o mouth_n but_o murder_n and_o death_n he_o often_o for_o one_o single_a man_n fault_n destroy_v all_o the_o family_n respect_v neither_o child_n nor_o woman_n with_o child_n nay_o many_o time_n he_o cut_v off_o the_o whole_a street_n where_o the_o offender_n dwell_v death_n involve_v in_o the_o slaughter_n as_o well_o the_o innocent_n as_o nocent_o it_o happen_v once_o he_o send_v a_o man_n post_n into_o the_o country_n of_o xensi_fw-la who_o be_v glad_a he_o be_v get_v out_o of_o the_o tyrant_n hand_n will_v not_o return_v to_o revenge_v this_o imaginary_a injury_n he_o destroy_v all_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o city_n in_o which_o he_o dwell_v and_o think_v he_o much_o bridle_v his_o fierceness_n that_o he_o do_v not_o whole_o extinguish_v all_o the_o city_n to_o this_o i_o add_v another_o unhuman_a act_n about_o his_o hangman_n who_o it_o seem_v he_o love_v above_o the_o rest_n because_o he_o be_v cruel_a this_o man_n die_v of_o a_o disease_n he_o cause_v the_o physician_n who_o have_v give_v he_o physic_n to_o be_v kill_v and_o not_o content_a with_o this_o he_o sacrifice_v one_o hundred_o more_o of_o that_o profession_n to_o the_o ghost_n of_o his_o decease_a officer_n he_o be_v affable_a and_o sweet_a towards_o his_o soldier_n he_o play_v banquet_v and_o feast_v with_o they_o converse_v familiar_o with_o they_o and_o when_o they_o have_v perform_v any_o military_a action_n with_o honour_n and_o valour_n he_o give_v they_o precious_a gift_n of_o silk_n and_o money_n but_o yet_o many_o time_n he_o command_v some_o of_o they_o to_o be_v cruel_o put_v to_o death_n before_o he_o upon_o very_o small_a cause_n especial_o such_o as_o be_v of_o the_o province_n of_o suchuen_n where_o he_o reign_v who_o he_o entire_o hate_v because_o he_o think_v they_o do_v not_o rejoice_v in_o his_o royal_a dignity_n insomuch_o as_o he_o hardly_o ever_o do_v any_o public_a action_n which_o though_o it_o begin_v like_o a_o comedy_n yet_o have_v not_o in_o fine_a the_o sad_a catastrophe_n of_o a_o tragedy_n suchuen_n for_o if_o walk_v out_o he_o do_v but_o espy_v a_o soldier_n ill_o clad_v or_o who_o manner_n of_o gate_n or_o walk_v be_v not_o so_o vigorous_a or_o masculine_a as_o he_o desire_v he_o present_o command_v he_o to_o be_v kill_v he_o once_o give_v a_o soldier_n a_o piece_n of_o silk_n who_o complain_v to_o his_o fellow_n of_o the_o poornesse_n of_o the_o piece_n and_o be_v overhear_v by_o a_o spy_n of_o which_o he_o have_v a_o great_a number_n who_o present_o acquaint_v he_o with_o what_o be_v say_v he_o present_o command_v he_o and_o this_o whole_a legion_n which_o be_v of_o two_o thousand_o man_n to_o be_v all_o massacre_v he_o have_v in_o his_o royal_a city_n some_o six_o hundred_o prefect_n or_o judge_n and_o man_n belong_v to_o the_o law_n officer_n such_o as_o manage_v the_o principal_a office_n and_o in_o three_o year_n space_n there_o be_v hardly_o twenty_o leave_v have_v put_v all_o the_o rest_n to_o several_a death_n for_o very_o slight_a cause_n he_o cause_v a_o sergeant_n major_n which_o the_o chineses_n call_v pingpu_n to_o be_v flay_v alive_a for_o have_v grant_v leave_v to_o a_o china_n philosopher_n without_o special_a order_n to_o retire_v a_o little_a to_o his_o country_n house_n and_o whereas_o he_o have_v five_o hundred_o eunuch_n take_v from_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o taimingean_a family_n after_o he_o have_v put_v their_o lord_n to_o death_n he_o command_v all_o these_o to_o be_v cruel_o put_v to_o death_n only_o because_o one_o of_o they_o have_v presume_v to_o style_v he_o eunuch_n not_o by_o the_o title_n of_o a_o king_n but_o by_o the_o bare_a name_n of_o changhienchungus_n as_o if_o he_o than_o be_v no_o thief_n nor_o do_v he_o spare_v the_o heathenish_a priest_n who_o sacrifice_v to_o their_o idol_n these_o sort_n of_o man_n before_o he_o come_v into_o this_o country_n have_v feign_v many_o crime_n against_o the_o priest_n which_o preach_v the_o faith_n of_o christ_n have_v raise_v a_o bitter_a persecution_n against_o they_o which_o god_n of_o his_o goodness_n do_v turn_v so_o much_o to_o their_o good_a as_o they_o have_v permission_n to_o teach_v and_o preach_v public_o the_o law_n of_o christ._n but_o after_o this_o tyrant_n come_v into_o the_o country_n the_o chief_a of_o these_o heathenish_a priest_n be_v apprehend_v for_o some_o word_n let_v fall_v against_o he_o and_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o father_n who_o by_o accident_n be_v then_o at_o audience_n with_o the_o tyrant_n he_o be_v behead_v and_o although_o they_o have_v learn_v of_o christ_n to_o do_v good_a for_o evil_n yet_o know_v the_o phrenetical_a anger_n and_o fury_n of_o this_o monster_n who_o use_v to_o punish_v those_o that_o intercede_v with_o the_o punishment_n of_o the_o offender_n they_o dare_v not_o make_v any_o motion_n for_o the_o least_o favour_n it_o be_v true_a this_o cruel_a beast_n love_v these_o father_n and_o will_v often_o converse_v with_o they_o who_o he_o experience_v wise_a and_o learned_a and_o he_o will_v often_o call_v they_o to_o the_o palace_n to_o entertain_v he_o in_o discourse_n but_o they_o know_v well_o his_o precipitous_a anger_n go_v ever_o prepare_v for_o and_o expect_v death_n and_o indeed_o they_o be_v thrice_o depute_v to_o death_n and_o a_o four_o time_n escape_v also_o by_o god_n particular_a providence_n as_o we_o shall_v relate_v in_o time_n and_o
name_n not_o only_o the_o occidental_a but_o the_o oriental_a tâ—rtars_n hitherto_o much_o unknown_a to_o we_o in_o europe_n contain_v the_o province_n sâ—mahania_n tanyu_n niuche_n niulhaâ—_n and_o the_o like_a from_o the_o lesser_a tartary_n and_o kingdom_n of_o cascor_n to_o the_o oriental_a sea_n above_o jaâ—ony_n where_o they_o be_v separate_v by_o the_o straight_a of_o anian_n from_o quevira_n in_o america_n if_o yet_o it_o be_v a_o straight_a and_o not_o a_o continent_n but_o it_o be_v not_o my_o intention_n to_o write_v all_o the_o war_n which_o have_v pass_v betwixt_o they_o but_o only_o of_o such_o as_o have_v happen_v in_o our_o memory_n and_o in_o my_o presence_n all_o the_o rest_n shall_v appear_v at_o large_a in_o my_o abridgement_n of_o the_o history_n of_o china_n and_o that_o we_o may_v proceed_v with_o more_o order_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o reflect_v how_o and_o from_o whence_o those_o trouble_n have_v their_o beginning_n it_o be_v therefore_o first_o to_o be_v know_v that_o the_o ancient_a western_a tartar_n after_o they_o have_v subdue_v almost_o all_o asia_n to_o their_o power_n china_n wage_v war_n against_o china_n of_o which_o paulus_n venetus_n and_o ayton_n make_v mention_n under_o the_o name_n of_o cataye_n and_o maningin_n and_o this_o before_o the_o time_n of_o great_a tamburlaine_n who_o never_o subdue_v china_n as_o some_o have_v false_o write_v for_o he_o flourish_v about_o the_o year_n mccccvi_n in_o which_o time_n taichangus_n emperor_n of_o china_n and_o the_o second_o of_o the_o taimingian_n family_n the_o tartar_n be_v before_o beat_v out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n govern_v peaceable_o all_o the_o province_n include_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o that_o vast_a wall_n which_o before_o i_o mention_v but_o the_o war_n which_o paulus_n venetus_n touch_v betwixt_o the_o chiness_n and_o tartar_n begin_v in_o the_o year_n mccvi_o as_o their_o history_n and_o chronology_n testify_v which_o last_v 77._o year_n at_o last_o the_o tartar_n in_o the_o year_n mcclxxviii_o have_v total_o conquer_v all_o that_o potent_a empire_n extinguish_v the_o imperial_a family_n of_o the_o sungas_n and_o erect_v a_o new_a regal_a family_n which_o they_o call_v juena_n of_o which_o tartarian_a race_n nine_o emperor_n by_o descent_n govern_v in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n for_o the_o space_n of_o lxx_o year_n in_o peace_n and_o quietness_n and_o about_o the_o end_n of_o that_o war_n china_n come_v paulus_n venetus_n into_o china_n with_o the_o tartar_n as_o appear_v by_o his_o write_n in_o this_o tract_n of_o time_n the_o tartar_n forget_v their_o ancient_a vigour_n of_o mind_n and_o warlike_a spirit_n which_o the_o pleasure_n and_o delices_fw-la of_o that_o country_n have_v quail_v and_o tame_v and_o be_v also_o weaken_v by_o so_o long_a a_o peace_n become_v of_o a_o soft_a temper_n and_o receive_v a_o deep_a tincture_n of_o the_o nature_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o native_n of_o china_n whereupon_o a_o contemptible_a person_n who_o be_v servant_n to_o one_o of_o those_o depute_a to_o offer_v sacrifice_n to_o their_o idol_n call_v chu_n presume_v to_o rebel_v against_o they_o this_o man_n commiserate_v the_o condition_n of_o his_o enslave_v country_n and_o alsotouched_a with_o the_o ambition_n of_o reign_v first_o act_v the_o part_n of_o a_o thief_n or_o highway_n man_n and_o be_v of_o a_o generous_a nature_n bold_a and_o as_o quick_a of_o hand_n as_o in_o wit_n want_v neither_o courage_n nor_o art_n nor_o companion_n nor_o fortune_n to_o gather_v such_o a_o multitude_n as_o in_o short_a time_n make_v up_o the_o vast_a body_n of_o a_o army_n whereupon_o depose_v the_o person_n of_o a_o thief_n he_o become_v a_o general_n and_o with_o a_o bold_a attempt_n presume_v to_o set_v upon_o the_o tartar_n and_o have_v fight_v many_o battle_n with_o they_o obtain_v many_o singular_a victory_n so_o as_o in_o the_o year_n 1368_o he_o final_o drive_v they_o out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n receive_v for_o so_o memorable_a a_o action_n the_o whole_a empire_n of_o china_n as_o a_o worthy_a reward_n of_o his_o heroical_a action_n it_o be_v he_o first_o erect_v the_o imperial_a family_n of_o the_o taxing_n and_o be_v he_o be_v the_o first_o emperor_n of_o that_o race_n style_v himself_o by_o the_o name_n of_o hunguus_fw-la which_o signify_v as_o much_o as_o the_o famous_a warrior_n after_o such_o a_o illustrious_a action_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o all_o the_o province_n submit_v to_o he_o both_o as_o to_o one_o that_o be_v a_o native_a of_o their_o country_n and_o also_o because_o they_o look_v on_o he_o as_o a_o man_n who_o have_v redeem_v they_o from_o thraldom_n for_o it_o be_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o people_n of_o china_n to_o love_n and_o esteem_v their_o own_o as_o much_o as_o they_o hate_v and_o vilify_v stranger_n wherefore_o he_o first_o place_v his_o court_n at_o nank_v near_o to_o the_o bank_n of_o that_o great_a river_n of_o kiang_n which_o the_o chiness_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o huge_a mountain_n of_o water_n which_o it_o discharge_v into_o the_o ocean_n call_v the_o son_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o have_v speedy_o order_v and_o establish_v that_o empire_n fear_v no_o insurrection_n from_o these_o new_a redeem_a creature_n he_o be_v not_o content_v to_o have_v chase_v the_o tartar_n out_o of_o china_n but_o he_o make_v a_o irruption_n into_o tartary_n itself_o and_o so_o follow_v the_o point_n of_o his_o victory_n as_o that_o he_o rout_v they_o several_a time_n waste_v all_o their_o territory_n and_o final_o bring_v the_o oriental_a tartar_n to_o such_o strait_n as_o he_o force_v they_o to_o lay_v down_o their_o arm_n to_o pay_v tribute_n and_o even_o beg_v a_o ignominious_a peace_n this_o storm_n of_o war_n fall_v chief_o on_o the_o tartar_n of_o the_o province_n of_o niuche_n whither_o the_o tartar_n of_o china_n be_v expel_v be_v retire_v afterward_o those_o tartar_n every_o year_n either_o as_o subject_n or_o friend_n come_v into_o china_n by_o the_o province_n of_o 〈◊〉_d to_o traffic_v with_o the_o inhabitant_n for_o be_v bring_v to_o poverty_n and_o misery_n they_o think_v no_o more_o of_o make_v war_n against_o china_n the_o merchandise_n they_o bring_v be_v several_a as_o the_o root_n call_v ginsâ—m_n so_o much_o esteem_v among_o the_o chinese_n and_o all_o sort_n of_o precious_a skin_n as_o those_o of_o castor_n martais_fw-fr and_o zibellâ—ns_n and_o also_o horsehair_n of_o which_o the_o chineses_n make_v their_o net_n and_o the_o man_n use_v it_o in_o tie_v up_o their_o hair_n as_o the_o handsome_a dress_n they_o can_v appear_v in_o but_o those_o tartar_n multiply_v so_o fast_o as_o they_o grow_v quick_o into_o seven_o government_n which_o they_o call_v horde_n and_o these_o fight_v one_o against_o another_o at_o length_n about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n mdl_o be_v unite_v into_o one_o kingdom_n call_v the_o kingdom_n of_o niuche_n thus_o stand_v china_n in_o relation_n to_o the_o eastern_a tartar_n but_o to_o the_o western_a tartar_n they_o pay_v tribute_n mask_v under_o the_o title_n of_o present_n that_o they_o may_v desist_v from_o war._n for_o the_o chineses_n esteem_v it_o very_o unhandsome_a to_o make_v war_n against_o any_o if_o by_o any_o other_o mean_v their_o country_n can_v be_v conserve_v in_o peace_n and_o quietness_n be_v teach_v this_o by_o their_o philosopher_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n tartar_n be_v over_o jealous_a of_o the_o enemy_n to_o their_o ancient_a riches_n they_o never_o leave_v that_o great_a wall_n which_o extend_v from_o east_n to_o west_n without_o a_o million_o of_o soldier_n to_o guard_v it_o therefore_o this_o kingdom_n of_o china_n be_v thus_o establish_v in_o the_o taimingian_n family_n china_n enjoy_v a_o constant_a peace_n and_o quietness_n for_o ccl_o year_n and_o whilst_o the_o seven_o tartarian_a lord_n or_o governor_n make_v civil_a war_n that_o renown_a emperor_n of_o china_n know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o vanley_n be_v the_o thirteen_o emperor_n of_o taiminge_n family_n govern_v happy_o the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n from_o the_o year_n 1573._o to_o the_o year_n 1620._o with_o as_o much_o prudence_n as_o justice_n and_o equity_n but_o in_o this_o time_n the_o tartar_n of_o niuche_n have_v so_o multiply_v and_o spread_v themselves_o china_n after_o incorporate_v into_o a_o kingdom_n that_o they_o become_v daily_o more_o formidable_a to_o china_n and_o therefore_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o border_a province_n consult_v private_o among_o themselves_o how_o they_o may_v curb_v and_o restrain_v these_o people_n within_o their_o limit_n for_o their_o governor_n have_v so_o much_o power_n and_o authority_n that_o although_o they_o live_v as_o slave_n to_o their_o prince_n yet_o when_o there_o be_v question_n of_o a_o common_a and_o public_a good_a they_o govern_v absolute_o and_o uncontrollable_o unless_o by_o some_o high_a power_n their_o order_n be_v restrain_v