Sacrificers haue Siluer and some Gold but I made shew not to care for it and said I had no need of Gold but that they should serue and not sacrifice as before In the place of the victorie was erected a faire Church called The victorie of the Crosse and a Crosse of sixtie foot long there erected Zapatula receiued me in peace Aximocuntla people fled yet sent store of victuals as did also Ixtatlan Our Indians in our march had slaine and sacrificed certaine women and children the signes whereof I found it being a thing impossible to remedie notwithstanding all the punishment I inflicted howsoeuer some say they are good Christians And let your Maiestie beleeue that they doe at this present time as they did before but secretly And for this and for other iust causes which I haue written to your Maiestie there ought not so much libertie be giuen them nor more then that which is accustomed to their state and liuing for to doe otherwise is to giue occasion to them to be bad and especially this People is of such nature that they must be very much holden vnder and made to feare that they may be good Christians From Xalpa three Embassadors came to me with offer of peace subiection and certaine Siluer plates and an Idoll made of Cotton and full of bloud and a Rasor of stone in the midst wherewith they sacrificed which was burned in their sight to their great amazement who thought it would haue destroyed all Against Mandie Thursday a Church was erected of reeds in a day and deuout Procession was then made of more then thircie Disciplinants On Easter Tuesday I departed thence to Tespano thence by Mount Amec to Teulinchano a strong place being all of stone cut round where euery Lord of the Prouince ought to haue a house wherein to sacrifice there had beene a great Idoll of Gold destroyed in other warres The Palaces were of stone engrauen some pieces of eighteene spannes with great Statues of men with other things like those of Mexico The Courts of the Palaces were spacious and faire with Fountaines of good water Thence I sent Captaine Verdugo to Xaltenango thorow a Valley of sixe leagues but the people were fled to the Mountaines A Crosse was planted and Masse said for the seruice of God there where the Deuill had so long beene serued and had receiued so many Sacrifices I diuided the Armie one part to goe to Mechuacan another Prouince not that of New Spaine neere to the South Sea I marched with the other to Guatatlan and there planted a Crosse on a Hill and thence to Tetitlan accompanied with the Caciques of the Countrie thence to Xalisco Heere the way was so bad that in fifteene dayes I rode not three and many beasts were lost I sent to the principall Lords of Xalisco to whom I made the request accustomed They were all retired to the Mountaines Finding my selfe neere the Sea I tooke possession thereof for your Maiestie At Tepique two of the Lords of Xalisco came to me in peace and to yeeld obedience as three other Townes had done neere the Sea where are said to bee Mines of Gold There I made Officers in your Maiesties name as being a new Discouerie and Conquest separate from New Spaine that there might be some to receiue your Maiesties fifths Two Crosses were erected in Xalisco and two in Tepeque a place well watered and very fertile In marching from thence a great and dangerous battell was giuen vs by the Indians wherein we obtained victorie They wounded fiftie Horses of which onely sixe died one Horse I assure your Maiestie is worth aboue foure hundred Pezos diuers of the principall Commanders were wounded also The next day I made a Procession with a Te Deum Thence I passed the great Riuer of the Trinitie to come to Omitlan the chiefe of that Prouince The Countrie is very hot and the Riuer full of Crocodiles and there are many venomous Scorpions Here was erected one Church and two Crosses Aztatlan is three dayes iourney hence where they prepare to giue mee battell From thence ten dayes further I shall goe to finde the Amazons which some say dwell in the Sea some in an arme of the Sea and that they are rich and accounted of the people for Goddesses and whiter then other women They vse Bowes Arrowes and Targets haue many and great Townes at a certaine time admit them to accompanie them which bring vp the males as these the female issue c. From Omitlan a Prouince of Mecuacan of the greater Spaine on the eighth of Iuly 1530. I had thought but for prolixitie here to haue added Aluarados Conquests the other way from Mexico two of whose Letters are extant in Ramusio The later of them is dated from the Citie of Saint Iago which hee founded Hee writes that hee was well entertained in Guatimala and passed alongst with diuers fortunes foure hundred leagues from Mexico conquering and let your Lordship beleeue mee this Countrie is better inhabited and peopled then all that which your Lordship hath hitherto gouerned In this Prouince I haue found a Vulcan the most dreadfull thing that euer was seene which casteth forth stones as great as a house burning in light flames which falling breake in pieces and couer all that fiery Mountaine Threescore leagues before wee saw another Vulcan which sends forth a fearefull smeake ascending vp to Heauen and the body of the smoake encompasseth halfe a league None drinke of the streames which runne downe from it for the Brimstone sent And especially there comes thence one principall Riuer very faire but so hot that certaine of my companie were not able to passe it which were to make out-roades into certaine places and searching a Ford found another cold Riuer running into it and where they met together the Ford was temperate and passable I beseech your Lordship to grant mee the fauour to bee Gouernour of this Citie c. From Saint Iago Iuly 28. 1524. §. II. The Voyages of Frier MARCO de Niça Don FR. VASQVEZ de Coronado Don ANTONIO de Espeio and diuers into New Mexico and the adioyning Coasts and Lands THere arose some strife betwixt Don Antonio de Mendoza Vice-roy of New Spaine and Cortes each striuing to exceed the other in New-Discoueries and complaining of each other to the Emperour Whiles Cortez went to that end into Spaine Mendoza hearing somewhat by Dorantez one of Naruaez his companions in the former inland Discoueries from Florida sent both Frier Marco de Niça with Steph. a Negro of Dorantez and afterwards Captaine Francis Vasquez de Coronado by Land as likewise Ferdinando Alarchon by Sea Cortez also sent Francis Vlloa with a Fleet of three ships for discouerie of the same Sea commonly called the South Sea The Voyages Ramusio hath published at large in Italian and Master Hakluyt out of him in English I shall borow leaue to collect out of
disciphered of a thousand parts one I will onely in that which concerneth the warres aboue mentioned conclude auerre and iustifie in conscience and as before God that of all others which I ouerpasse to speake of or shall be able to speake of the Indians neuer gaue no more occasion or cause then might a conuent of good religious persons well ordered why they should be robbed and slaine and why those that escaped the death should be retained in a perpetuall captiuitie and bondage I affirme yet moreouer for ought that I can beleeue or coniecture that during all the time that all this huge number of these Islanders haue beene murdered and made away vtterly they neuer committed against the Spaniards any one mortall offence punishable by the law of man And concerning offences of the which the punishment is reserued vnto God as are desire of reuengement hatred and rancour which these people might beare against enemies so capitall as were the Spaniards that very few persons haue beene attached with the blemish and lesse violent and forcible did I finde them by the good experience I had of them then children of tenne or twelue yeares of age And I know for certaine and infallible that the Indians had euermore most iust cause of warre against the Spaniards but the Spaniards neuer had any iust cause of warre against the Indians but they were all diabolicall and most vnrighteous more then can be spoken of any tyrant that is on the whole earth And I affirme the selfe same for all their other acts and gests by them done throughout all the Indies The warres atchieued and all the men done to death thereby reserued commonly the yong folke women and children the which they departed among them in giuing to one thirtie to another fortie and to another an hundreth or two hundreth according as euery one had the fauour of the head tyrant whom they called the Gouernour they gaue them to the Spaniards vpon that condition and colour that they would teach them the Catholike faith they themselues who tooke vpon them this charge of soules commonly all idiots or vtterly ignorant persons barbarous men extreamely couetous and vicious Now the carke and care that these had of them was to send the men vnto the Mines to make them dreine them out Gold which is an intollerable trauell and the women they bestowed into the Countrie to their Farmes to manure and till the ground which is a sore trauell euen for the very men the ablest and mightiest They gaue to eate neither to one nor other nought saue grasses and such like things of no substance in such sort as the milke of the breasts of the wiues new deliuered of their childebirth dried vp and thus dried vp in a small season all the little creatures their yong children Further by reason of the separation and not cohabiting of the men with their wiues the generation ceased betweene them The men died with toyle and famine in the Minerals these the women died of the same in the fields By these meanes were consumed and brought to their ends so huge a number of the folke of this Island By the like might be abolished and exterpate all the inhabitants of the world As touching loding they laid vpon them fourescore or an hundreth pounds waight which they should carrie an hundreth or two hundreth leagues The Spanish also causing themselues to be carried in Lyters vpon mens armes or beds made by the Indians in fashion of Nets For they serued their turnes with them to transport their carriages and baggage as beasts whereby they had vpon their backes and shoulders whailes and gals as poore galled beasts Also as touching whippings bastonading buffeting blowes with the fist cursing and a thousand other kindes of torments which they practised vpon them during the time that they trauailed of a truth they cannot be recounted in a long season nor written in a great deale of paper and they should be euen to affright men withall It is to be noted that the destruction of these Iles and lands began after the decease of the most gracious Queene dame Isabel which was the yeare one thousand fiue hundred and foure For before there were laid wast in this I le but certaine Prouinces by vniust warre and that not wholly altogether these for the more part or in a manner all were conceiled from the knowledge of the Queene vnto who it may please God to giue his holy glory forasmuch as she had a great desire and a zeale admirable that those people might be saued and prosper as we do know good examples the which we haue seene with our eyes and felt with our hands Further note here that in what part of the Indies the Spanish haue come they haue euermore exercised against the Indians these innocent peoples the cruelties aforesaid and oppressions abominable and inuented day by day new torments huger and monstrouser becomming euery day more cruell wherefore God also gaue them ouer to fall headlong downe with a more extreame downfall into a reprobate sense Of the two Iles Saint Iohn and Iamayca THe Spanish passed ouer the I le of Saint Iohn and to the end of Iamaica which were like Gardens for Bees 1509. setting before them the same end which they had in the I le Hispaniola and committing the robberies and crimes aforesaid adioyning thereunto many great and notable cruelties killing burning rosting and casting them to the Dogs furthermore afterwards oppressing and vexing them in their Minerals and other trauell vnto the rooting out of those poore innocents which were in these two Iles by supputation six hundred thousand soules yea I beleeue that they were more then a Million although there be not at this day in either I le two hundred persons and all perished without faith and without Sacraments Of the I le of Cuba IN the yeare 1511. they passed to the I le of Cuba where were great Prouinces and great multitudes of people they both began and concluded with them after the fashion afore spoken yea worse and farre more cruelly There came to passe in this Iland matters worth the noting A Cacique named Hathuey which had conueied himselfe from the I le Hispaniola to Cuba with many of his people to auoide the calamities practises so vnnaturall of the Spanish when as certain Indians had told him tidings that the Spaniards were comming towards Cuba he assembled his men and bespake them Now you know that the Spaniards are comming on this side and yee know also by experience how they haue entreated such and such and the people of Hayti meaning thereby Hispaniola hither they come to doe the like here Wot yee why they doe it they answered no vnlesse it be that they are by nature voide of humanitie He replied They do it not onely for that but because they haue a God whom they honour and doe demand very much and to the end to haue from vs as well as
he approued that which I said I asked him what ceremony they vsed in praying to their God He told me that they vsed none other ceremonies but that euery one praied in his heart as he thought good This is the cause why I beleeue they haue no law among them neither doe they know how to worship or pray to God and liue for the most part like brute beasts and I thinke in short space they would be brought to be good Christians if their Countrie were planten which they desire for the most part They haue among them certaine Sauages which they call Pilotoua which speak visibly with the Diuell which telleth them what they must doe as well for the warre as for other things and if he should command them to put any enterprise in execution either to kill a French man or any other of their Nation they would immediately obey his commandement Also they beleeue that all the dreames which they dreame are true and indeede there are many of them which say that they haue seene and dreamed things which doe happen or shall happen But to speake truely of these things they are visions of the Diuell which doth deceiue and seduce them Loe this is all their beliefe that I could learne of them which is brutish and bestiall All these people are well proportioned of their bodies without any deformitie they are well set and the women are well shapen fat and full of a tawnie colour by abundance of a certaine painting wherewith they rubbe themselues which maketh them to be of an Oliue colour They are apparelled with skins one part of their bodies is couered and the other part vncouered but in the winter they couer all for they are clad with good Furres namely with the skins of Orignac Otters Beuers Lea-boores Stagges and Deere whereof they haue store In the winter when the Snowes are great they make a kinde of racket which is twice or thrice as bigge as one of ours in France which they fasten to their feete and so goe on the Snow without sinking for otherwise they could not hunt nor trauaile in many places They haue also a kinde of Marriage which is that when a Maide is foureteene or fifteene yeares old shee shall haue many seruants and friends and she may haue carnall company with all those which she liketh then after fiue or six yeares she may take which of them she will for her husband and so they shall liue together all their life time except that after they haue liued a certaine time together and haue no children the man may forsake her and take another wife saying that his old wife is nothing worth so that the Maides are more free then the married Women After they be married they be chaste and their husbands for the most part are iealous which giue presents to the Father or Parents of the Maide which they haue married loe this is the ceremonie and fashion which they vse in their marriages Touching their burials when a man or woman dieth they make a pit wherein they put all the goods which they haue as Kettels Furres Hatchets Bowes and Arrowes Apparell and other things and then they put the corps into the graue and couer it with earth and set store of great peeces of wood ouer it and one stake they set vp on end which they paint with red on the top They beleeue the immortality of the Soule and say that when they be dead they goe into other Countries to reioyce with their parents and friends THe eleuenth day of Iune I went some twelue or fifteene leagues vp Saguenay which is a faire Riuer and of incredible depth for I beleeue as farrâ— as I could learne by conference whence it should come that it is from a very high place from whence there descendeth a fall of water with great impetuositie but the water that proceedeth thereof is not able to make such a Riuer as this which neuerthelesse holdeth not but from the said course of water where the first fall is vnto the Port of Tadousac which is the mouth of the said Riuer of Saguenay in which space are fortie fiue or fiftie leagues and it is a good league and a halfe broad at the most and a quarter of a league where it is narrowest which causeth a great currant of water All the Countrie which I saw was nothing but Mountaines the most part of rockes couered with woods of Fâ—r-trees Cypresses and Birch-trees the soyle very vnpleasant where I found not a league of plaine Countrey neither on the one side nor on the other There are certaine hils of Sand and Isles in the said Riuer which are very high aboue the water In fine they are very Desarts voide of Beasts and Birds for I assure you as I went on hunting through places which seemed most pleasant vnto mee I found nothing at all but small Birds which are like Nightingales and Swallowes which come thither in the Summer for at other times I thinke there are none because of the excessiue cold which is there this Riuer commeth from the North-west They reported vnto me that hauing passed the first fall from whence the currant of water commeth they passe eight other sants or fals and then they trauaile one dayes iourney without finding any then they passe ten other sants and come into a Lake which they passe in two dayes euery day they trauaile at their ease some twelue or fifteene leagues at the end of the Lake there are people lodged then they enter into three other Riuers three or foure dayes in each of them at the end of which Riuers there are two or three kinde of Lakes where the head of Saguenay beginneth from the which head or spring vnto the said Port of Tadousac is ten dayes iournee with their Canowes On the side of the said Riuers are many lodgingings whither other Nacions come from the North to trucke with the said Mountainers for skins of Beuers and Marterns for other Merchandises which the French Ships bring to the said Mountainers The said Sauages of the North say that they see a Sea which is salt I hold if this be so that it is some gulfe of this our Sea which disgorgeth it selfe by the North part between the lands and in very deede it can be nothing else This is that which I haue learned of the Riuer of Saguenay ON Wednesday the eighteenth day of Iune we departed from Tadousac to go to the Sault we passed by an I le which is called the Ile dulieure or the I le of the Hare which may be some two leagues from the Land on the North side and some seuen leagues from the said Tadousac and fiue leagues from the South Coast. From the I le of the Hare we ranged the North Coast about halfe a league vnto a point that runneth into the Sea where a man must keepe farther off The said point
we haue found to be almost needelesse Our great Ram-Goate was missing fifteene dayes in October and came home well againe and is yet well with vs. If the industry of men and presence of domesticall Cattle were applied to the good of this Countrey of New-found-land there would shortly arise iust cause of contentment to the inhabitants thereof Many of our Masters and Sea-faring men seeing our safetie and hearing what a milde winter we had and that no Ice had bin seene fleeting in any of the Bayes of this Countrey all this yeare notwithstanding that then met one hundred and fifty leagues off in the Sea great store of Ilands of Ice doe begin to be in loue with the Countrey and doe talke of comming to take land here to inhabit falling in the reckoning aswell of the commoditie that they may make by the banke fishing as by the husbandry of the Land besides the ordinary fishing At the Greene Bay where some of our Company were a fishing in Nouember they report there is great store of good grounds without woods and there is a thousand acres together which they say may be moâ—ed this yere There is great store of Deere whereof they saw some diuers times and twice they came within shot of them and the Greyhound who is lustie had a course but could not get vpon them But neerer vnto Cape Razo Reuonse and Trepasse there is great quantitie of open ground and Stagges It is most likely that all the Sackes will be departed out of England before the returne of this our Barke which shall not make any matter because I am now of opinion that nothing should be sent hither before the returne of the Ships from fishing For as concerning sending of Cattle it will be best that it be deferred vntill the next Spring And concerning Victuals in regard of the quantity we haue of it remaining of old together with that that is come now as with the dry fish that here we may be stored with I am in good hope there will not want any to last till this time twelue moneths And according to the victuals which shall be found at the end of the fishing the number of persons that shall remaine here all the next winter shall be fitted that there shall not want notwithstanding about Alhollantide or the beginning of December a Ship may be sent such a one as our Fleming was with Salt from Rochel for at any time of the winter Ships may as well goe and come hither as when they doe especially before Ianuary This Summer I purpose to see most places betweene Cape Rase Placentia and Bona vista and at the returne of the fishing Ships to entertaine a fit number of men to maintaine here the winter and to set ouer them and to take the care of all things here with your patience one Master William Colton a discreete yong man and my brother Philip Guy who haue wintered with me and haue promised me to vndertake this charge vntill my returne the next Spring or till it shall be otherwise disposed of by you and then together with such of the company as are willing to goe home and such others as are not fit longer to be entertained here I intend to take passage in the fishing Ships and so returne home And then betweene that and the Spring to be present to giue you more ample satisfaction in all things and to take such further resolution as the importance of the enterprise shall require wherein you shall finde me alwayes as ready as euer I haue bin to proceeds and goe forward God willing And because at my comming home it will be time enough for mee to lay before you mine opinion touching what is to be vndertaken the next yeare I will forbeare now to write of it because you should be the sooner aduertised of our welfare and because such of the Company as are sent home both for their owne good and that the vnprofitable expence of victuals and wages might coase I haue laden little or nothing backe that the said Company might the better be at ease in the hold Onely there is sent three hogsheads of Charcoles where Numero 1o. is they are of Burch no. 2o. is of Pine and Spruce no. 3o. is of Firre being the lightest wood yet it maketh good Coles and is vsed by our Smith I send them because you shall see the goodnesse of each kinde of Cole Also I send you an Hogshead of the Skinnes and Furres of such Beasts as haue bin taken here the particulers whereof appeare in the Bill of lading While I was writing I had newes of the Vineyard the Ship which you send to fishing to haue bin in company with another Ship that is arriued on this side of the Banke and that the Master intended to goe to Farillon or Fer-land God send her in safety So praying God for the prosperity of your Worships and the whole Company with hope that his diuine Maiestie which hath giuen vs so good a beginning will alwayes blesse our proceedings my dutie most humbly remembred I take my leaue Dated in Cupers Coue the sixteenth of May 1611. I haue also a Iournall of the winde and weather from the latter end of August 1611. till Iune 1612. written by Master William Colston and deliuered to Master Iohn Guy Gouernour of the English Colony in Newfoundland at his returne from England thither Iune the seuenth 1612. By which it appeareth that the weather was somewhat more intemperate then it had beene the yeare before but not intolerable nor perhaps so bad as we haue it sometims in England Their Dogges killed a Wolfe Otters Sables c. Captaine Easton a Pirat was troublesome to the English and terrible to the French there of whom I haue added this Letter for the Diarie of the weather and occurrents each day would be very tedious To Master IOHN SLANY Treasurer and others of the Councell and Company of the New-found-land Plantation the twenty nine of Iuly 1612. RIght Worshipfull by my last of the seuenteenth of Iune I wrote you of the estate then of all matters here by the Holland Ship which I hope is long since safely arriued together with Master Colston who hath I doubt not made by word of mouth full relation of all matters Because the proceedings of one Captaine Peter Easton a Pirate and his company since are most fit to be knowne before I touch our Plantation businesse you shall vnderstand what they haue bin vnto this time vntill the seuenteenth of this present the said Captaine Easton remained in Harbor de Grace there trimming and repairing his Shipping and commanding not onely the Carpenters of each Ship to doe his businesse but hath taken victuals munition and necessaries from euery Ship together with about one hundred men out of the Bay to man his Ships being now in number six He purposed to haue before he goeth as is said cut of the land fiue hundred men while he remained there
the ninteenth of May the colour of the Sea began sensibly to alter that whereas before it was of a cleere azure it then began to incline to a deepe blacke We were that day a hundreth and sixtie leagues or thereabouts from the West Indies and held our selues so certainly in the height of Dominica that wee runne a due Westerly course It is not vnlikely but this colour will be found in the same place at another time And in such a course wherein besides the great difference of Cardes a man must bee forced to trust to a dead reckoning this may bee some helpe to a heedfull man Vpon Sunday in the euening his Lordship directed the Master to runne that night with an easie saile because he tooke himselfe neerer land then most of the Mariners would consent to being himselfe the first that both spyed and cryed land they were but few that did assent at the first some desired it so much that they durst not let themselues be ouer credulous others happily would haue had themselues the first discryers but his Lordship still made it land Wee set saile for the land and within two houres it was made to bee Matinino Leauing it therefore on the larboard side wee stood for Dominica and within an houre or thereabouts had it in kenning §. II. Description of Dominica and the Virgines Their landing on Port Ricco march fights and taking the Towne BY two in the afternoone wee were come so neere aboard the shoare that wee were met with many Canoes manned with men wholly naked sauing that they had chaines and bracelets and some bodkins in their eares or some strap in their nostrils or lips the cause of their comming was to exchange their Tabacco Pinos Plantins Potatoes and Pepper with any trifle if it were gawdie They were at the first suspicious that wee were Spaniards or Frenchmen but being assured that wee were English they came willingly aboard They are men of good proportion strong and straight limmed but few of them tall their wits able to direct them to things bodily profitable Their Canoes are of one Tree commonly in breadth but containing one man yet in some are seene two yonkers sit shoulder to shoulder They are of diuers length some for three or foure men that sit in reasonable distance and in some of them eight or nine persons a rowe Besides their Merchandise for exchange euery one hath commonly his Bowe and Arrowes they speake some Spanish words they haue Wickers platted something like a broad shield to defend the raine they that want these vse a very broad leafe to that purpose they prouide shelter against the raine because it washeth of their red painting laid so on that if you touch it you shall finde it on your fingers That night hauing with much a doe found land within a quarter of a mile of the shore we ankored for that night onely for though there were a good watering place and a very sweete riueret fast by vs yet his Lordship ment to way ankor the next morning and to beare in to another watering place wherewithall we certainly looked for a hot Bathe Their Oares wherewith they rowe are not laid in bankes as Ship-boates haue but are made like a long Battledoore sauing that their palmes are much longer then broade growing into a sharpe point with a rising in the middest of them a good way very like they are to blades of bigge Westerne Daggers that are now made with grauing The shankes of these Oares are of equall bignesse and at the top crosset like a lame mans crutch These they vse alwayes with both their hands but indifferently as they finde cause to steere this way or that way The next morning wee bore in to the North-west end of the Iland where we found a goodly Bay able to receiue a greater Nauie then hath beene together in the memorie of this age There his Lordship found the hote Bathe fast by the side of a very fine Riuer The Bathe is as hot as either the Crosse-bathe or Kingsbathe at the Citie of Bathe in England and within three or foure yards runneth into the Riuer which within a stones cast disburdeneth it selfe into the Sea Here our sicke men specially found good refreshing In this place his Lordship staied some six dayes in watering the whole Fleete which in that time was all come sauing the Frigat one of the blacke Pinnaces and one of the Flemmings which we hoped to be before vs for they haue directions It was held conuenient here to take a Muster of our companies and something better to acqâ—aint euery one with his owne colours but the weather was so extreamely foule that in three or foure dayes spent to this purpose there could be nothing done Vpon Wednesday therefore being the last of May it was resolued to stay no longer there but to come againe to ankor at the Uirgines and there bestow one day in training our men For that was our way to Saint Iohn de Puertorico whether his Lordship now declared it was his purpose to goe first of all By this time for his Lordship would not haue any thing done in that foule weather the other blacke Pinnace was taken down for a long Boate to serue for the more conuenient landing of our men That euening and the next morning all our men were brought aboord and on thursday night our sailes were cut for the Virgines To describe this Iland it heth North-west and South-east the soile is very fat euen in the most neglected places matching the Garden-plats in England for a rich blacke molde so Mountainous certaine in the places where we came neere the Sea-coasts that the Vallies may better be called Pits then Plaines and withall so vnpassably wooddie that it is maruailous how those naked soules can be able to pull themselues through them without renting their naturall cloathes Some speake of more easie passages in the Inland of the Iland which make it probable that they leaue those skirts and edges of their Countrie thus of purpose for a wall of defence These Hils are apparelled with very goodly greene Trees of many sorts The tallnesse of these vnrequested Trees make the hils seeme more hilly then of themselues happily they are for they grow so like good children of some happy ciuill body without enuie or oppression as that they looke like a proud meddow about Oxford when after some irruption Tems is againe cooched low within his owne banks leauing the earths Mantle more ruggie and flakie then otherwise it would haue bin yea so much seeme these natural children delighted with equalitie and withall with multiplication that hauing growne to a definite stature without desire of ouertopping others they willingly let downe their boughes which being come to the earth againe take roote as it were to continue the succession of their decaying progenitors and yet they doe continually maintaine themselues in a greene-good liking
merchandise There is no Vines in that Country but the Soyle being rich and fertile and the climate hot if they were planted there they would prosper exceedingly and yeelde good Sackes and Canary wines which in those parts we finde to be very wholesome Many other necessary prouisions sufficient for the sustenance of man doe there abound in plenty Namely Deere of all sorts wilde Swine in great numbers whereof there are two kindes the one small by the Indians called Pockiero which hath the nanile in the backe the other is called Paingo and is as faire and large as any we haue in England There be store of Hares and Conies but of a kinde far differing from ours There be Tigers Leopards Ounces Armadils Maipuries which are in taste like Beefe wil take falt Baremoes or Ant-Beares which taste like Mutton other small beasts of the same taste coloured like a Fawne Elkes Monkies and Marmosites of diuers sorts both great and small of these beasts there bee innumerable and by experience we haue found them all good meate Many other kindes of beasts there are of sundry and strange shapes which hereafter shall be figured in their true proportion according to the life with their names annexed Of Fowles there bee diuers kindes namely Wild-ducks Widgins Teales Wild-geese Herons of diuers colours Cranes Storkes Pheasants Patridges Doues Stock-doues Black-birds Curlewes Godwits Woodcokes Snites Parrots of sundry sorts many other kindes of great and small Birds of rare colours besides great rauenous Fowles and Hawkes of euery kinde Of fish the varietie is great first of Sea fish there is Sea-breame Mullet Soale Scate Thornebacke the Sword-fish Sturgeon Seale a fish like vnto a Salmon but as the Salmon is red this is yellow Shrimps Lobsters and Oysters which hang vpon the branches of Trees There is a rare fish called Cassoorwa which hath in each eye two sights and as it swimmeth it beareth the lower sights within the water and the other aboue the ribs and back of this fish resemble those parts of a man hauing the ribs round and the back flat with a dent therein as a man hath it is somewhat bigger then a Smelt but farre exceeding it for daintie meate and many other sorts there be most excellent Of fresh-water fish many kindes vnknowne in these parts but all exceeding good and daintie And I dare be bold to say that this Countrie may compare with any other of the world for the great varietie of excellent fish both of the Sea and fresh Waters There is also a Sea-fish which vsually commeth into the fresh waters especially in the winter and wet season it is of great esteeme amongst vs and we account it halfe flesh for the bloud of it is warme it commeth vp into the shallow waters in the drowned lands and feedeth vpon grasse and weedes the Indians name it Coiumero and the Spaniards Manati but wee call it the Sea-cow in taste it is like beefe will take salt and serue to victuall ships as in our knowledge hath beene proued by our Countrimen Of this fish may bee made an excellent oile for many purposes the fat of it is good to frie either fish or flesh the hide as I haue heard will make good buffe and being dried in the Sunne and kept from wet will serue for Targets and Armour against the Indian arrowes In the wet season the store of them are infinite some of these hides were heretofore brought into England by Sir Walter Rawleigh The seuerall kindes of fruits are many the Pina Platana Potato Medler Plums of diuers forts the Nuts of strange kindes The excellency of the Pina I cannot expresse for I dare boldly affirme that the world affoordeth not a more delicate fruit In taste it is like Straw-berries Claret-wine and Sugar The Platana is also a very good fruit and tasteth like an old Pippin The Potato is well knowne The Medler exceedeth in greatnesse The Plums I cannot commend for to eate much of them doth cause fluxes which in those Countries are dangerous The Nuts are good being moderately eaten HAuing thus most excellent Prince declared the seuerall sorts of prouisions for victuals and necessarie foodes it remayneth that I now make mention of the varietie of commodities found in the Countrie for the trade of merchandise which in few yeeres by our paines and industrie may be brought to perfection and so setled in those parts that not onely the vndertakers may receiue reward for their indeuours but our Countrie also may grow rich by trading for the fruits of our labours The first and principall commoditie of estimation are the Sugar-canes whereof in those parts there is great plentie the soile is as fertill for them as in any other part of the world They doe there grow to great bignesse in a short time by orderly and fit planting of them and by erecting conuenient workes for the boyling and making of Sugars which at the first will require some charge and expence may be yeerly returned great benefit and wealth the long experience of the Portugals and Spaniards in Brasil and the Iland of the Canaries and of the Moores in Barbarie may giue vs certaine assurance and full satisfaction thereof The Cotton wooll is a generall commoditie beneficiall to our Merchants and profitable to our Countrie by making of Fustians and seruing for Bumbaste and other vses for making of Hamaccas which are the Indian beds most necessarie in those parts and also of a fine cotton cloth for clothing of the people There is a naturall Hempe or Flax of great vse almost as fine cloth it is most excellent There bee many rare and singular commodities for Dyers of which sort there is a red berrie called Annoto which being rightly prepared by the Indians dyeth a perfect and sure Orange-tawnie in silke it hath beene sold in Holland for twelue shillings starling the pound and is yet of a good price There is another berrie that dyeth blue There is also a gumme of a tree whereof I haue seene experience that in cloth dyeth a sure and perfect yellow in graine There bee leaues of certaine Trees which being rightly prepared doe die a deepe red There is also a wood which dyeth a purple and is of a good price and another that dyeth yellow There is yet another wood which dyeth a purple when the liquor is hot and a crimson when the liquor is cold Many other notable things there are no doubt not yet knowne vnto vs which by our diligent labour and obseruation in time will be discouered and found The sweet Gummes of inestimable value and strange operation in physicke and chirurgerie are innumerable there is yellow Amber Gumma Lemnia Colliman or Carriman Barratta and many more which I omit The Collman hath beene proued by Master Walter Cary of Wictham in Buckinghamshice a Gentleman of great iudgement and practice in physicke to be of speciall regard
vessels they haue none but seeke remedies of their owne and doe continue it and in a short space they will haue many Wines In the Riuer of Ianuarie and Piratininga are many Roses one Damaske Roses whereof they distill great store of Rose-water and Conserue of Roses for to purge and not to purge for of the other they haue not they seethe the Damaske Roses in water and straining them they make Conserue of Roses very good wherewith they doe not purge Muske Melons want not in many Captaine ships and are good and fine many Gourds whereof they make Conserues many Beets whereof they make it also Cabbages Cowcumbers Raddishes Turnops Mustard Mintes Coriander Dill Fennell Pease Leekes Onions Garlicke Borrage and other Pulses which were brought from Portugall and grow well in this Countrie In the Riuer of Ianuarie and fields of Piratininga groweth Wheate they vse it not because they haue no Horse-mils nor Water-mils and they haue also great trouble in the gathering of it for because of the many waters and ranknesse of the ground it commeth altogether and it multiplieth so much that one Corne beareth sixtie and eightie Eares and some beeing ripe others grow anew and it multiplieth almost in infinitum Of lesse then a quarter of Barley that a man sowed in the field of Piratininga hee gathered sixtie and odde Alqueires and if men would giue themselues to this commoditie the Countrey would be verie rich and plentifull There are many sorts of Basill and Gilliflowres Yellow and Red and doe grow well in Piratininga and other smelling herbes as the Onion sese c. Aboue all this Brasill hath one commoditie for men to liue that in it doe liue disorderly that there are but few Lice or Fleas but among the Indians and Guinne Moores there are some Lice but there want no Hornets Dorres Waspes Flies and Gnats of so many kinds and so cruell and venemous that stinging any person the place swelleth for three or foure dayes especially in the fresh men which haue their bloud fresh and tender with the good Bread Wine and delicate fare of Portugall CHAP. II. Articles touching the dutie of the Kings Maiestie our Lord and to the common good of all the estate of Brasill Written as is thought by the Authour of the former Treatise IT greatly behooueth for the vniuersall good and preseruation of the estate of Brasill that the King our Lord doe take all the Captaineships for his satisfying the Lordships For as the Tenths are all his Maiesties and the Lordships haue no more then the tenth which is verie little at the least in the Captaineships of the Holy Ghost Saint Vincent Port Secure and the Ilets the said Captaineships are neuer prouided neither haue Powder Bullet or Caleeuer c. for to defend themselues from the enemies and whatsoeuer French or English shippe that goeth thither doth put them in such danger that either they must giue them entrance and traffick with them or leaue them the Towne and goe to the Woods as now it was seene in the Captaineships of the Holy Ghost and Saint Vincent and being the Kings they be otherwise prouided making Fortresses in the barres for their defence at the least in those of the Holy Ghost and the Riuer of Ianuarie as it was done in that of Saint Vincent in the which ships may come in at any houre and in this manner will haue a delight to dwell and labour in them the which now doe liue in trouble and complaints seeing themselues so disfauoured and in any danger of warre they rather thinke how to flee away and escape with their Wiues and Children then how to defend the Countrey whose safetie preseruation and augmenting importeth so much as is notorious to the good of all Peru. It seemeth necessarie that in Brasill there be a Court Royall where many causes may be determined as there is in Peru New Spaine and in all his Maiesties Prouinces The first reason that for this is offered is that the people whereof at the first this Countrey was inhabited commonly were banished for facts committed in Portugall And as at the beginning there was no Iustice Royall in it at the least in the Captaineships and Lands of the Lords as all of them were but onely Captaines and Iudges placed by the Lords of them there was little regard of Iustice as well in them which ruled the which had authoritie for to kill hang c. and as they had no Science nor peraduenture Conscience ruled rather by humane respects friendships hatreds and proper gaines then by direct reason as in the subiects the which as there was no Iustice but of Gossips as the speech is did liue at large as they listed hauing no bodie to contradict them and though the Kings afterward did take reserue the Iustice to themselues sendâ—ng Gouernours and generall Iudges and though there come many men of more qualitie to continue the inhabiting of the Countrey notwithstanding a great part of that first libertie and licence remained still with the which many euils were and are committed without punishment For many of them haue alreadie so much power with their riches gained God knoweth how that I know not whether those that now doe rule dare meddle with them bee it that they feare their power and might or because fâ—râ— omnes diligâ—nt mâ—nâ—ra and the Iustices that went and will not be interessed but beare the Rod vpright let them prepare themselues to suffer troubles in this Countrey The second reason is that many Sutes may here be determined definitiuely in the which are delayings of many yeeres without any obtayning of Iustice by Appeales and Grieuances to Portugall Now if the Gouernour as many times it hapneth will put himselfe in the office of the generall Iudge and with his power binds his hands all goes topsieturuie without any ciuill peace in the Countrey but rather a continuall confusion and perturbation and the matter commeth to this point that the Gouernour apprehendeth the Iudge himselfe as alreadie it hath hapned and sendeth him to Portugall and in the meane while the Iustice of the Countrey remayneth in the hands of him that cannot administer it and in stead of reason entreth affection or passion and then nothing is done but what the Gouernor listeth The same behoueth and peraduenture more to that which appertaineth to his Majesties goods wherein are difficult matters and haue need of a man of knowledge and conscience for to decide them The third reason is that there may learned men of conscience bee there for to determine the Iustice of warre for want of that haue many been made in Brasill against all Iustice which was a great cause of the destruction of the men of the Countrie and so all the Coast is almost vnhabited And although the Kings past commended this greatly and commanded that no warre should be held lawfull but that which should be made by order
of the Gouernour generall hee taking first counsell with the Bishop and Fathers of the company and experienced persons of the Countrey and of good consciences and the Iustice of the warre being determined by them notwithstanding many times it is not done with such examination as the cause requireth and so either the Fathers of the company are not called thereunto or if they be called it is for a complement of Iustice and they haue more regard to the hope of the profit that is ofâ—â—red them of getting of slaues in the said warre then vnto the Iustice of it and to the common good and danger they put themselues in for sometimes they fare euill in the broyle with the death of many Christians both Portugals and Indians With these warres especially all the Coast of Pernambuco which beginneth from the Riuer of Saint Francis thitherward which are fiftie leagues and the greatest part of the Maine is disinhabited hauing before a most copious number of Indians and so now that Captaineship wanteth Indian friends to helpe them to defend and it is euery day wasted slaine and eaten of the Indians Pitiguares of Paraiba which before were their friends whom they did also great injustice to The third Article is about the Kings Customers Accounts c. His Majestie hath a great obligation to the Indians of Brasill to aide them with all corporall and spirituall remedie For almost all those of this Coast are almost consumed with sicknesses warres and tyrannies of the Portugals and those which escaped went into the Maine to their kindred and neither haue these their liues there For when the ransomes of slaues did end which were held for lawfull they inuented Armies for to goe to the Maine to bring them to the Sea for to serue themselues of them perpetually These companies are made in this manner three or foure or more persons doe joyne and euerie one of them doe put in so much stocke and aske license of the Gouernour to goe into the Maine to bring free Indians the Gouernour grants it with his order to wit that they bring them without any force or deceit but with their owne good will declaring to them that they come to serue the Portugals and to helpe them in their labours Sugar-mills and other workes Hauing this License the Venturers doe ioyne people to send into the Maine to wit Interpreters and other persons that sometime came to fiftie or sixtie with their pieces and other weapons and with many Indian Archers both free and bond that doth carrie their burdens of the ransome and the victuals and with helpe if by deceit they cannot bring the people they goe to seeke they may bring it by force With this License in this manner they depart and neuer keepe the order set downe as it is manifest and all doe openly confesse without contradiction for presently when they are departed they say that if that should be declared vnto them there that certaine it is that no Indian will come and therefore they must vse deceits and force for they haue no other meanes to moue them from their Countries and with this purpose they goe without any regard of the order neither of them that goe to the Maine nor of the Iustices when they come from thence and so they vse these Licenses without any examining of them Now when they come to the Townes of the Indians that are within the Maine 100. and 200. leagues they beginne presently their deceits saying that they come for them by commandement of the Gouernour that they may come to enioy the good things of the Sea and that they shall bee together in their Villages by themselues and at their will without making any manner of repartition and that from thence they shall helpe the Portugals in their warres and other things Other whiles they tell them that the Gouernour and the Fathers of the company doe send for them for to bee in the Churches of their kinsmen which doe learne the things of God naming some ancient principal Indians whom they much esteeme and hold as Fathers and that they wil be with them and for this there hath beene some of these Interpreters that ordained among themselues one whom they fained to be a Father of the company with a shauen crowne and a long habit to deceiue them more easily When these deceits other such do not preuaile they vse violence labouring to kil some that doe hinder this comming for the which it hath hapned to put poison in the vessels of their wine with many other inuentions wherwith they feare them As once that comming alreadie by the way because one of the principall Indians did shew to come with an euill will and did impart it with the rest it is said that they tooke for a remedie two or three to remaine behind with him alone and being asleepe they choaked him with a Towell and gaue out that hee died suddenly because he would not come Other whiles they kill some of other Nations that are by the way all to the end that those which they bring doe not goe backe and in this manner they bring such a number of them without prouision of necessarie food that by the way with hunger and euill vsage a great part of them doe die and those that doe come are in such a case and so weake that it is needfull before they come into the houses the Fathers of the company to goe about the Woodes christening the children at their Mothers breasts that they may not die vnbaptized and others they find halfe dead and full of flies that the Mothers haue left as not able to bring them Being come to the Sea those that scape aliue hauing promised them that they will put them in Townes at their owne will presently the venturers doe diuide them among themselues and many times they separate fathers from children wiues from husbands brethren from brethren c. and euery one carrieth his part to their places some one hundred another two hundred another thirtie c. euery one according to the stocke he putteth in Besides this they giue their share to the men that went to bring them for this is the money they pay them withall to one foure to another ten c. and as many of these haue no lands for to maintaine them they sell them presently to others and so they haue marked and sold a great number to these and other Captaineships and as the poore men doe see themselues deceiued and toiled with ouer-much labour with pure griefe they die and some runne away and goe euen to their enemies willing rather to be eaten of them then to abide such vsage among the Portugals and in this sort of 30. or 40000. soules that haue beene brought I know not whether 3000. bee aliue and with this a great part of the Maine is destroyed For the same licences doe the Captaines giue in their Captaineships and the same
certaine Towne which they call Ocarentim and that we supped abroad in the open Aire the Barbarians Inhabitants of that Village flocking together to see vs not to feast with vs for this is their vsuall custome that they neuer sit together at meate with those whom they reuerence most the elder men especially with many tokens of friendship stood â—ound about vs as our guard or attendants and holding in their hands the bone of the beake of a certaine fish of three or foure foot long in the forme of a Sawe they droue away the children from vs with these words Get you hence Knaues for you are vnworthy to come vnto these men So they beheld vs attentiuely and holding their peace not speaking the least word the meane while vntill the Banket being ended a certaine elderly man obseruing vs to beginne meate with Prayers and also to end Supper with Prayer comming vnto vs spoke thus What meaneth this custom which you now vsed when taking of your caps you all kept silence saue one that spoke to whom appertained that speech which he made to any of you that are present or to some that are absent There fitly taking that occasion offered that I might speake vnto them concerning the true worship of God seeing besides the largenesse of that village the great resort of people I also perceiued the BarbariaÌ„s more attentiue then they were wont I intreated our Interpreter that he would declare my speech vnto them in their Language that they might conceiue the same Then beginning with the question of the old man I answered that our Prayers were directed vnto God and that although he could not see him he had not only plainly heard vs but also did apparantly know whatsoeuer we had hid in our hearts From thence comming to the Creation of the World I first of all laboured to teach them that among the creatures God made man the most noble and excellent that hee should so much the more endeuour to extoll the glorie of his Creator And that we surely in that we worshipped him were deliuered by his hand from infinite dangers of a very long Nauigation in so vast a Sea and depending vpon his helpe were freed from aâ—â— feare of Aignan both in this life and in the life to come Wherefore if they would reiect the delusions of their Caraibes and that barbarous custome of deuouring mans flesh they should vndoubtedly obtaine the same gifts of God which they saw we had Moreouer we added many things concerning the corruption and fall of Mankind that we might prepare their minds vnto Christ applying Reasons and Examples to their capacitie as much as might be Now when they had harkened vnto vs aboue the space of two hoâ—res with great attention and admiration one of them reuerent for his authoritie and yeeres discoursed after this manner Surely you haue here told vs wonderfull and excellent things and such as we haue neuer heard before and certainly your speech hath brought into my memorie what wee haue often heard our Grandfathers report To wit that euen from ancient time and so many Moones since as we cannot now remember a certaine Mair that is a Frenchman or stranger of any other Nation came into these Countries attirâ—d after your manner and hauing a beard And that hee to the â—nd hee might draw them to the obedience of your God made such a speech vnto them as you deliuered vnto vs this day But as it was reported vnto vs by tradition from our Fathers they will not giue credit to his words Therefore presently another succeeded who gaue them a Sword in token of a curse Hereupon followed warres amongst vs and from that time wee haue not ceassed to exercise crueltie one towards another through mutuall slaughters But now after we haue accustomed our selues to these outrages by continuall vse if we should now suddenly leaue our ancient custome wee should become a laughing stocke and derision to the neighbouring Nations Heere wee testified with great vehemencie and earnest speech that it was so farre off that they ought to be mooued with the scoffes of the borderers that contrarily if they seriously worshipped that Creator both of Heauen and Earth they should carrie away the victorie from all those who for that cause should willingly be trouble some vnto them Lastly the Lord gaue that efficacie to our words that not only many Barbarians afterwards promised to frame their liues according to that Law which they had learned of vs and that they would neuer eate the flesh of their slaine enemies any more but also according to this conference kneeling on the ground gaue thankes with vs vnto God That Prayer which was made vnto God by one of our men with a loude voice in the middest of their assembly was presently expounded vnto them by our Interpreter and so they brought vs to sleepe in those hanging beds of Bombasin Cotton But sleepe had not yet taken vs when behold wee heare these Barbarians singing and crying out together that they were to take vengeance on their Enemies and that more should be eaten then before Behold the inconstancie of this miserable people and the lamentable example of humane nature Yet surely I perswade my selfe if Villagagno had neuer reuolted from the true Religion and that wee had stayed longer in those Countries it would haue happened that at length some should haue beene wonne vnto Christ. Another time I being with three Sauages and singing the 104. Psalme at the request of one of them I declared the sense and antiquitie thereof so many thousand Moones Whereat he cried Teh how happie are you Mair who know so many secrets which are hid from vs poore miserable men Afterward one of them to gratifie mee presented mee with a certaine little beast which he carried called Agouti speaking vnto mee in these words Heere take you this because you haue sung sweetly I haue willingly added this digression to the intent I might declare that the Barbarous Americans although outragious against their enemies are not yet so rude that they cannot discerne those things which they heare with iudgement Nay I dare affirme that they are more apt in framing speeches then our Countrie Peasants are and very many of them also who esteeme highly of themselues §. III. Of their Marriages Education of Children Politie Hospitalitie Diseases Physicians Funerals and Lamentations IN Marriages these degrees of Consanguinitie only are obserued none of them taketh his Mother Sister or Daughter to wife no regard is had of the rest the Vncle marrieth the Neece and so consequently Neuerthelesse as shall bee hereafter spoken in the American Dialogue no man may marrie the Daughter or Sister of his Atourassap And he is called Atourassap whose familiaritie with any one is so great that both their goods are common There is no place for Rites or Ceremonies Hee who desireth a Widdow or Virgin being certainly perswaded of the good will of her
Indies vnder my Fathers charge and the principall cause of taking the great Carack brought to Dartmouth by Sir Iohn Borrow and the Earle of Cumberlands ships Anno 1592. with others of moment in her other Voyages To vs shee neuer brought but cost trouble and care Hauing made an estimate of the charge of Victuals Munition Imprests Sea-store and necessaries for the said ship consorting another of an hundred tunnes which I waited for daily from the Straites of Giberalter with a Pinnace of sixtie tunnes all mine owne And for a competent number of men for them as also of all sorts of merchandises for trade and traffâ—cke in all places where we should come I began to wage men to buy all manner of victuals prouisions and to lade her with them and with all sorts of commodities which I could call to minde fitting and dispatched order to my seruant in Pilmouth to put in a readinesse my Pinnace as also to take vp certaine prouisions which are better cheape in those parts then in London as Beefe Porke Bisket and Sider The eight of Aprill 1593. I caused the Pilot to set sayle from Black-wall and to vaile downe to Graues-end whither that night I purposed to come And for that shee was very deepe loden and her Ports open the water beganne to enter in at them which no bodie hauing regard vnto thinking themselues safe in the Riuer it augmented in such manner as the weight of the water began to presse downe the side more then the winde At length when it was seene and the sheete flowne she could hardly be brought vpright But God was pleased that with the diligence and trauell of the Companie shee was freed of that danger whiâ—h may be a gentle warning to all such as take charge of shipping euen before they set sayle either in Riuer or Harbour or other part to haue an eye to their Ports and to see those shut and calked which may cause danger for auoiding the many mishaps which daily chance for the neglect thereof and haue beene most lamentable spectacles and examples vnto vs Experiments in the Great Harrie Admirall of England which was ouer-set and sunke at Portsmouth with her Captaine Carew and the most part of his companie drowned in a goodly Summers day with a little flaw of winde for that her Ports were all open and making a small hele by them entred their destruction where if they had beene shut no winde could â—aue hurt her especially in that place In the Riuer of Thames Master Thomas Candish had a small ship ouer-set through the same negligence And one of the Fleet of Sir Francis Drake in Santo Domingo Harbour turned her keele vpward likewise vpon the same occasion with many others which we neuer haue knowledge of Comming neere the South fore-land the winde began to vere to the South-east and by South so as we could not double the point of the Land and being close aboord the shoare and putting our ship to stay what with the chapping Sea and what with the Tide vpon the Bowe she mist staying and put vs in some danger before we could flat about therefore for doubling the Point of any Land better is euer a short boord then to put all in perill Being cleere of the race of Portland the winde began to suffle with fogge and misling raine and forced vs to a short sayle which continued with vs three dayes the winde neuer vering one point nor the fogge suffering vs to see the Coast. The third day in the fogge we met with a Barke of Dartmouth which came from Rochell and demanding of them if they had made any land answered that they had onely seene the Ediestone that morning which lieth thwart of the Sound of Plimouth and that Dartmouth as they thought bare off vs North North-east which seemed strange vnto vs for we made account that wee were thwart of Exmouth within two houres after the weather beganne to cleere vp and wee found our selues thwart of the Berry and might see the small Barque bearing into Torbay hauing ouer-shot her Port which errour often happeneth to those that make the land in foggie weather and vse not good diligence by sound by lying off the land and other circumstances to search the truth and is cause of the losse of many a ship and the sweete liues of multitudes of men That euening wee anchored in the range of Dartmouth till the floud was spent and the ebbe come wee set sayle againe And the next morning early being the sixe and twentieth of Aprill we harboured our selues in Plimouth And in this occasion I found by experience that one of the principall parts required in a Mariner that frequenteth our coastes of England is to cast his Tides and to knowe how they set from point to point with the difference of those in the Channell from those of the shoare After the hurts by a cruell storme in which the Pinnace was sunke and the Daiaties Mast cut ouer-boord repaired I beganne to gather my companie aboord which occupied my good friends and the Iustices of the Towne two dayes and forced vs to search all lodgings Tauerns and Ale-houses For some would euer bee taking their leaue and neuer depart some drinke themselues so drunke that except they were carried aboord they of themselues were not able to goe one steppe others knowing the necessitie of the time faigned themselues sicke others to bee indebted to their Hosts and forced mee to ransome them one his Chest another his Sword another his Shirts another his Carde and Instruments for Sea And others to benefit themselues of the Imprest giuen them absented themselues making a lewd liuing in deceiuing all whose money they could lay hold of which is a scandall too rife amongst our Sea-men by it they committing three great offences First Robberie of the goods of another person Secondly Breach of their faith and promise Thirdly Hinderance with losse of time vnto the Voyage all being a common iniurie to the owners victuallers and companie which many times hath beene an vtter ouerthrow and vndoing to all in generall An abuse in our Common-wealth necessarily to be reformed Master Thomas Candish in his last Voyage in the Sound of Plimouth being readie to set sayle complained vnto mee that persons which had absented themselues in Imprests had cost him aboue a thousand and fiue hundred pounds These Varlets within a few dayes after his departure I saw walking the streetes of Plimouth whom the Iustice had before sought for with great diligence and without punishment And therefore it is no wonder that others presume to doe the like Impunitas peccandi illecebra The like complaint made Master George Reymond and in what sort they dealt with mee is notorious and was such that if I had not beene prouident to haue had a third part more of men then I had need of I had beene forced to goe to the Sea vnmanned or to giue ouer my
Voyage And many of my companie at Sea vaunted how they had cousened the Earle of Cumberland Master Candish Master Reymond and others some of fiue poundes some of tenne some of more and some of lesse And truely I thinke my Voyage prospered the worse for theirs and other lewd persons companie which were in my ship which I thinke might be redressed by some extraordinarie seuere and present Iustice to bee executed on the offenders by the Iustice in that place where they should bee found The greater part of my companie gathered aboord I set sayle the twelfth of Iune 1593. I cannot but aduise all such as shall haue charge committed vnto them euer before they depart out of the Port to giue vnto their whole Fleet not directions for ciuill gouernment but also where when and how to meete if they should chance to lose companie and the signes how to knowe one another afarre off with other points and circumstances as the occasions shall minister matter different at the discretion of the wise Commander by publication of that which is good and necessarie for the guide of his Fleet and people but all secret instructions to giue them sealed and not to be opened but comming to a place appointed Lanching out into the channell the winde being at East and by South and east South-east which blowing hard and a floud in hand caused a chapping Sea and my Vice-admirall bearing a good sayle made some water and shooting off a Peece of Ordnance I edged towards her to knowe the cause who answered me that they had sprung a great leake and that of force they must returne into the Sound which seeing to be necessarie I cast about where anchoring and going aboord presently found that betwixt winde and water the Calkers had left a seame vncalked which being filled vp with Pitch onely the Sea labouring that out had beene sufficient to haue sunke her in short space if it had not beene discouered in time And for more securitie I hold it for a good custome vsed in some parts in making an end of calking and pitching the ship the next tide to fill her with water which will vndoubtedly discouer the defect for no pitcht place without calking can suffer the force and peaze of the water In neglect whereof I haue seene great damage and danger to ensue The Arke Royall of his Maiesties may serue for an example which put all in danger at her first going to the Sea by a trivuell hole left open in the post and couered onely with Pitch In this point no man can be too circumspect for it is the securitie of ship men and goods This being remedied I set sayle in the morning and ranne South-west till wee were cleare of Vsshent and then South South-west till wee were some hundred leagues off where wee met with a great Hulke of some fiue or sixe hundred tunnes well appointed the which my companie as is natural to all Mariners presently would make a prize and loden with Spaniards goods and without speaking to her wished that the Gunner might shoot at her to cause her to amain Which is a bad custome receiued and vsed of many ignorant persons presenâ—ly to gunne at all whatsoeuer they discouer before they speake with them being contrarie to all discipline and many times is the cause of dissention betwixt friends and the breach of Amitie betwixt Princes the death of many and sometimes losse of ships and all making many obstinate if not desperate Comming within the hayling of the Hulke we demanded whence she was whither she was bound and what her loding Shee answered that she was of Denmarke comming from Spaine loden with Salt we willed her to strike her Top-sayles which shee did and shewed vs her Charter-parties and Bils of loding and then saluted vs as is the manner of the Sea and so departed Wee directed our course to the Maderas The Madera Ilands are two the great called La Madera and the other Porto Santo of great fertilitie and rich in Sugar Conserues Wine and sweet Wood whereof they take their name Other commodities they yeeld but these are the principall The chiefe Towne and Port is on the Souther side of the Madera well fortified they are subiect to the Kingdome of Portugall the Inhabitants and Garrison all Portugals The third of Iulie wee past along the Ilands of Canaria which haue the name of a Kingdome and containe these seuen Ilands Grand Canaria Tenerifa Palma Gomera Lancerota Fortenentura and Fierro These Ilands haue abundance of Wine Sugar Conserues Orcall Pitch Iron and other commodities and store of Cattell and Corne but that a certaine Worme called Gorgosho breedeth in it which eateth out the substance leauing the huske in manner whole The head Iland where the Iustice which they call Audiencia is resident and whither all suits haue their appellation and finall sentence is the Grand Canaria although the Tenerifa is held for the better and richer Iland and to haue the best Sugar and the Wine of the Palma is reputed for the best The Pitch of these Ilands melteth not with the Sunne and therefore is proper for the higher workes of shipping Betwixt Fortenentura and Lancerota is a goodly Sound fit for a meeting place for any Fleet. Where is good anchoring and abundance of many sorts of Fish There is water to be had in most of these Ilands but with great vigilance For the naturals of them are venturous and hardie and many times clime vp and downe the steepe Rockes and broken Hills which seeme impossible which I would hardly haue beleeued had I not seene it and that with the greatest arte and agilitie that may bee Their Armes for the most part are Lances of nine or ten foot with a head of a foot and halfe long like vnto Boare-speares saue that the head is somewhat more broad Two things are famous in these Ilands the Pike of Tenerifa which is the highest Land in my iudgement that I haue seene and men of credite haue told they haue seene it more them fortie leagues off It is like vnto a Sugar loafe and continually couered with Snowe and placed in the middest of a goodly Valley most fertile and temperate round about it Out of which going vp the pike the cold is so great that it is vnsufferable and going downe to the Townes of the Iland the heat seemeth most extreme till they approch neere the coast The other is a tree in the Iland Fierro which some write affirme with the dropping of his leaues to giue water for the sustenance of the whole Iland which I haue not seene although I haue beene on shoare on the Iland but those which haue seene it haue recounted this mysterie differently to that which is written in this manner That this Tree is placed in the bottome of a Valley euer flourishing with broad leaues and that round about it are a multitude of goodly high Pines
new Authors may teach beating off and on sometimes to the Westwards sometimes to the Eastwards with a fairegale of winde Being betwixt three and foure degrees of the Equinoctiall line my Company within a few daies began to fall sicke of a disease which Sea-men are wont to call the Scuruie and seemeth to be a kinde of dropsie and raigneth most in this climate of any that I haue heard or read of in the world though in all Seas it is wont to helpe and increase the miserie of man it possesseth all those of which it taketh hold with a loathsome sloathfulnesse that euen to eate they would be content to change with sleepe and rest which is the most pernicious enemie in this sicknesse that is knowne It bringeth with it a great desire to drinke and causeth a generall swelling of all parts of the body especially of the legges and gummes and many times the teeth fall out of the iawes without paine The signes to know this disease in the beginning are diuers by the swelling of the gummes by denting of the flesh of the legges with a mans finger the pit remaining without filling vp in a good space others show it with their lasinesse others complaine of the cricke of the backe c. all which are for the most part certaine tokens of infection The cause is thought to be the stomacks feeblenesse by change of aire in vntemperate climates of diet in salt meates boiled also in Salt water and corrupted sometimes the want of exercise also either in persons or elements as in calmes And were it not for the mouing of the Sea by the force of windes tydes and currants it would corrupt all the world The experience I saw in Anno 1590. lying with a Fleete of her Maiesties Ships about the Ilands of the Azores almost six moneths the greatest part of the time we were becalmed with which all the Sea became so replenished with seuerall sorts of gellyes and formes of Serpents Adders and Snakes as seemed wonderfull some greene some blacke some yellow some white some of diuers colours and many of them had life and some there were a yard and halfe and two yards long which had I not seene I could hardly haue beleeued And hereof are witnesses all the Companies of the Shippes which were then present so that hardly a man could draw a Bucket of water cleere of some corruption In which Voyage towards the end thereof many of euery Ship sauing of the Nonpereli which was vnder my charge and had onely one man sicke in all the Voyage fell sicke of this disease and began to die apace but that the speedie passage into our Countrie was remedy to the crazed and a preseruatiue for those that were not touched The best preuention for this disease in my iudgement is to keepe cleane the Shippe to besprinkle her ordinarily with Uinegar or to burne Tarre and some sweet sauours to feede vpon as few salt Meats in the hot Country as may be and especially to shun all kindes of salt Fish and to reserue them for the cold Climates and not to dresse any meate with salt water nor to suffer the companie to wash their Shirts nor Cloathes in it nor to sleepe in their Cloathes when they are wet For this cause it is necessarily required that prouision be made of apparell for the Company that they may haue wherewith to shift themselues Being a common calamitie amongst the ordinary sort of Mariners to spend their thrift on the shore and to bring to Sea no more Cloathes then they haue backes for the body of man is not refreshed with any thing more then with shifting cleane Cloathes a great preseruatine of health in hot Countries The second Antidote is to keepe the company occupied in some bodily exercise of worke of agilitie of pastimes of dancing of vse of Armes these helpe much to banish this infirmitie Thirdly In the morning at discharge of the watch to giue euery man a bit of bread and a draught of drinke either Beere or Wine mingled with water at the least the one halfe or a quantitie mingled with Beere that the poores of the bodie may be full when the vapours of the Sea ascend vp The morning draught should bee euer of the best and choisest of that in the ship Pure wine I hold to be more hurtfull then the other is profitable In this others will be of a contrary opinion but I thinke partiall If not then leaue I the remedies thereof to those Phisicions and Surgeons who haue experience And I wish that some learned man would write of it for it is the plague of the Sea and the spoyle of Mariners doubtlesse it would bee a Worke worthy of a worthy man and most beneficiall for our Countrie for in twentie yeeres since I haue vsed the Sea I dare take vpon me to giue account of ten thousand men consumed with this disease That which I haue seene most fruitfull for this sicknesse is sowre Oranges and Lemmons and a water which amongst others for my particular prouision I carried to the Sea called Doctor Steuens water of which for that his vertue was not then well knowne vnto me I carried but little and it took end quickly but gaue health to those that vsed it The Oyle of Vitry is beneficiall for this disease taking two drops of it and mingled in a draught of water with a little Sugar It taketh away the thirst and helpeth to clense and comfort the stomacke But the principall of all is the Ayre of the Land for the Sea is naturall for Fishes and the Land for men And the oftner a man can haue his people to Land not hindering his Voyage the better it is and the profitablest course that he can take to refresh them Hauing stood to the Westwards some hundred leagues and more the winde continuing with vs contrary and the sicknesse so feruent that euery day there died more or lesse my company in generall began to be dismayed and to desire to returne homewards which I hindered by good reasons and perswasions As that to the West Indies we had not aboue eight hundred leagues to the Ilands of Azores little lesse and before wee come to the Ilands of Cape de Verde that wee should meete with the Breze for euery night we might see the reach goe contrary to the winde which we sayled by verifying the old Prouerbe amongst Mariners That hee hath need of a long Mast that will sayle by the Reach and that the neerest Land and speediest refreshing wee could looke for was the Coast of Brasill c. As wee approached neerer and neerer the Coast of Brasill the winde beganne to vere to the Eastwardes and about the middle of October to bee large and good for vs and about the eighteenth of October wee were thwart of Cape Saint Augustine which lieth in sixe degrees to the Southwards of the Line and the one
to euery place And we were certified in Isla Grand that they had sent an Indian from the Riuer of Ienero through all the Mountaines Marishes to take a view of vs and accordingly made a Relation of our Ships Boates and the number of men which wee might haue But to preuent the like danger that might come vpon vs being carelesse and negligent I determined one night in the darkest and quietest of it to see what watch our Company kept on the shore manned our Light-horsman and Boat armed them with Bowes and Targets and got ashore some good distance from the places where were our Boothes and sought to come vpon them vndiscouered we vsed all our best endeuours to take them at vnawares yet comming within fortie paces we were discouered the whole and the sicke came forth to oppose them selues against vs. Which we seeing gaue them the Hubbub after the manner of the Indians and assaulted them and they vs but being a close darke night they could not discerne vs presently vpon the Hubbub From our Ship the Gunner shot a peece of Ordnance ouer our heads according to the order giuen him and thereof we tooke occasion to retire vnto our Boates and within a little space came to the Boothes and landing places as though we came from our Ships to aide them They began to recount vnto vs how that at the Wester point of the Iland out of certaine Canoas had landed a multitude of Indians which with a great out-cry came vpon them assaulted them fiercely but finding better resistance then they looked for and seeing them selues discouered by the Ships tooke them selues to their heeles and returned to their Canoas in which they imbarked themselues and departed One affirmed he saw the Canoas another their long haire a third their Bowes a fourth that it could not be but that some of them had their paiments And it was worth the sight to behold those which had not moued out of their beds in many moneths vnlesse by the helpe of others had gotten some a bow-shot off into the woods others into the top of trees and those which had any strength ioyned together to fight for their liues In fine the Booths and Tents were left desolate To colour our businesse the better after we had spent some houre in seeking out and ioyning the Company together in comforting and commending them I left them an extraordinary Guard for that night and so departed to our Shippes with such an opinion of the assault giuen by the Indians that many so possessed through all the Voyage would not be perswaded to the contrary Which impression wrought such effect in most of my Company that in all places where the Indians might annoy vs they were after most carefull and vigilant as was conuenient In these Ilands it heigheth and falleth some fiue or sixe foote water and but once in two and twentie houres as in all this Coast and in many parts of the West Indies as also in the coast of Peru and Chely sauing where are great Bayes or indraughts and there the tydes keep their ordinary course of twice in foure and twenty houres In the lesser of these Ilands is a Coue for a small Ship to ride in Land-lockt and she may moore her selfe to the trees of either side this we called Palmito Iland for the abundance it hath of the greater sort of Palmito trees the other hath none at all A man may goe betwixt the Ilands with his Ship but the better course is out at one end In these Ilands are many Scorpions Snakes and Adders with other venemous Vermine They haue Parots and a certaine kinde of fowle like vnto Phesants somewhat bigger and seeme to be of their nature Here we spent aboue a moneth in curing of our sicke men supplying our wants of wood and water and in other necessary workes And the tenth of December all things put in order we set saile for Cape Frio hauing onely sixe men sicke with purpose there to set ashore our two Prisoners before named and anchoring vnder the Cape we set our Boate ashoare but they could not finde any conuenient place to land them in and so returned the winde being Southerly and not good to goe on our voyage we succoured our selues within Isla Grand which lyeth some dozen or foureteene leagues from the Cape betwixt the West and by South and West Southwest the rather to set our Prisoners on shore In the mid way betwixt the Cape and this Iland lyeth the Riuer Ienero a very good Harbour fortified with a Garrison and a place well peopled The Isla Grand is some eight or tenne leagues long and causeth a goodly harbour for shipping it is full of great sandie Bayes and in the most of them is store of good water within this Iland are many other smaller Ilands which cause diuers sounds and creekes and amongst these little Ilands one for the pleasant scituation and fertilitie thereof called Placentia This is peopled all the rest desert on this Iland our Prisoners desired to be put ashore and promised to send vs some refreshing Whereto wee condescended and sent them ashore with two Boates well manned and armed who found few Inhabitants in the Iland for our people saw not aboue foure or fiue houses notwithstanding our Boates returned loaden with Plantines Pinias Potatoes Sugar-canes and some Hens Amongst which they brought a kinde of little Plantine greene and round which were the best of any that I haue seene With our people came a Portugall who said that the Iland was his hee seemed to be a Mistecho who are those that are of a Spanish and an Indian brood poorely apparelled and miserable we feasted him and gaue him some trifles and hee according to his abilitie answered our courtesie with such as he had The winde continuing contrary we emptied all the water we could come by which we had filled in Saint Iames his Iland and filled our Caske with the water of this Isla Grand It is a wildernesse couered with Trees and Shrubs so thicke as it hath no passage through except a man make it by force And it was strange to heare the howling and cries of wilde Beasts in these Woods day and night which we could not come at to see by any meanes some like Lyons others like Beares others like Hogs and of such and so many diuersities as was admirable Here our Nets profited vs much for in the sandy Bayes they tooke vs store of fish Vpon the shore at full Sea-marke we found in many places certain shels like those of mother of Pearles which are brought out of the East Indies to make standing cups called Caracoles of so great curiositie as might moue all the beholders to magnifie the maker of them and were it not for the brittlenesse of them by reason of their exceeding thinnesse doubtlesse they were to be esteemed farre aboue the others for more excellent workmanship
the Citie of Mexico by reason of their shipping although not in so great quantitie as they carry for Lisbone not for that they of Mexico either want shipping or abilitie but because the Spaniards would conquer it with the Sword as he hath done other Lands and not by the way of Traffique as the Portugall doth the principall Port from whence this Merchandize doth come is called Aguatorke in the Coast of China on the North side After the Conquest of this Kingdome of Mexico the order how the Spaniard did diuide this Land was this The principall Cities they refined to the King of Spaine and to the Generall of this Conquest who was renowmed Ferdinando Curtis they assigned vnto him a great Valley or as we call it a low Land betweene two Mountaines which was called Cornouake by which Valley he had the name of Marquesse of the Ualley where there were great Townes in which some affirme to be about 400000. fire houses whereby the rent was to him better worth then three hundred thousand Duckets by the yeere These Rents were confirmed to him and his for euer The other part of the Land that remayned was parted among the rest of the Captaines and Souldiers which were at this Conquest some had a hundred thousand Duckets by yeare and other fortie thousand Duckets and some fiftie thousand Duckets and hee that had least had ten thousand Duckets by the yeare so that now there are very few which haue this Rent for that they are most of them dead so that great part of the said Rents are fallen into the Kings hand wherefore there are many insurrections against the King which cost many a mans life And now to proceed farther along the Coast which is a Land full of great Mountains and very hot with much raine for which cause it is a very vnholsome Countrey where breedeth all noisome wormes and beasts therefore there are very few Indians dwelling there and no Spaniards so that the Countrey is almost desolate The first Land that is inhabited by the Spaniards along the Coast is called Veragua this is the most richest Land of Gold then all the rest of the Indies therefore it is inhabited with Spaniards In this place the people are alwayes sicke and it raineth continually and the Land yeeldeth no fruit so that all their sustenance commeth from other places all which necessities the Spaniards suffer with great patience for the couetousnesse of the Gold the which Gold they get out of the Riuers with the helpe of a number of Negroes I doe verily beleeue that if this Land were now the ancient Romanes or else the Egyptians they would surely make a channell from the end of this Riuer de Carinas which issueth from the Lake of Nicaragua to the South Sea for that there is no more but foure leagues betweene the Sea and the Riuer so that there they might Trade to the Moluccas and to the Coast of China so would it be sooner and easier done then the long and troublesome Voyages of the Portugals and sooner made then to goe through the Straits of Magellan which is almost vnpossible to passe thorow From this Land of Veragua vnto the Iland of Margereta the Coast along is called the firme Land not for that the other places are not of the firme Land but because it was the first firme Land that the Spaniards did conquer after they had past the Ilands This Land is very hot and hath much raine and for this cause is very vnhealthfull and the most vilest place of all the rest is called Nombre de Dios which is the first place inhabited after you haue passed Veragua There may be in Nombre de Dios about foure hundred houses and hath a very good Port for shipping The cause why the Spaniards inhabited here in this place was for that it should bee the way by Land to the South Sea and for the Trade of Peru that is from hence vnto the Citie of Panama eighteene leagues And Panama standeth on the Coast of the South Sea To this Towne of Nombre de Dios doth come all Spanish shipping and there discharge them then put they the goods into small Barkes that goe vp a Riuer to a house which is called The house of Crosses where the small Barkes doe discharge the goods againe And then they put it on Mules so to carrie it to Panama which is seuen leagues from This house of Crosses all which they doe with much labour and great charge because the Land hath great store of raine and full of Mountaines and very vnhealthfull therefore they often want victuals for the victuals they haue come from Peru and Noua Hispania This Towne of Nombre de dios since they haue had the traffike out of Spaine are growne maruellous rich and very well inhabited but in short time the people left the Towne sauing onely the Merchants because of the vnhealthfulnesse thereof The King of Spaine hearing of the affaires of Drake and Oxenham sent out of Spaine three hundred Souldiers which should make warre against those Negros that had aided the Englishmen which were slaues vnto the Spaniards but runne away from their Masters and ioyned with the Englishmen thinking that way to be reuenged of the Spaniards crueltie But when these three hundred Souldiers were arriued in the Countrie at their first comming they tooke many of the Negros and did on them great iustice according to their faults committed but afterwards the Souldiers were a long time before they could get one Negro Which newes being sent vnto the King by his Captaines as also how the Countrie was full of Mountaines and Riuers and very vnhealthfull insomuch that his Souldiers died he did write to his Captaines to make agreement with those Negros to the end the Countrie might bee in quiet And the Negros inhabited two places where the Spaniards willed them so was the Kings pardon proclaimed to all those Negros from the time that they fled from their Masters into the Mountaines vnto that present day on condition that all those Negros that did runne from their Masters that day forward they should be bound to bring them dead or aliue but if they brought them not that then they should pay for them and to make all quiet in the Mountaines and on these conditions all things were concluded and agreed vpon So the Negros dwell in great Townes where they haue Spaniards for their Teachers and a Spaniard for their Iudge and with this they hold themselues very well contented and are obedient vnto their Rulers The King of Spaine hearing that Englishmen as well as Frenchmen haue vsed that Coast hee caused two Gallies to be made and well appointed to keepe the Coast the first yeere that they were made they tooke sixe or seuen French shippes and after this was knowne there vsed few Englishmen or French men of warre to come on the Coast vntill this yeere 1586. that the
aforesaid Francis Drake came with a strong Fleet of about foure and twentie ships and did such harme as it is well knowne to all Christendome but God sparing the King of Spaines life he will sufficiently prouide to keepe his Subiects from the inuasions of other Nations Now to goe forward with our begunne worke the first People that is in this Coast being past Nombre de Dios is called Cartagena it is a healthfuller Countrie and a greater Towne then the other and a better Countrie with plentie of Victuals and a very good Port for shipping passing any of the rest and is called Cartagena for that it resembleth very much the Citie of Cartagena in Spaine there are in it about foure hundred fire houses in the Citie it is very rich by reason of the ships staying there when they goe or come from Spaine And if the ships chance to winter before they goe home then they lie at Cartagena also it is greatly enriched by the Merchandise that here they doe discharge for to carrie to the new Kingdome of Granada and much Gold commeth from the said Kingdome vnto Cartagena This new Kingdome of Granada is two hundred leagues within the Land From Cartagena to this Kingdome they cannot trauell by Land because of the Mountaines and standing waters which lie in their way so that they carrie their goods vp a Riuer called The great Riuer of Magdalene they can goe with their Barques vp this Riuer but twentie leagues yet the Riuer is both large and very deepe but there runneth a great current so that the Barques discharge the goods at a place in the Riuer called Branco de Malambo into small Canoas which rowe close by the shoare side There is a passage by the New Kingdome and Popayan from Cartagena to Peru by Land which is about fiue hundred leagues so that taking the two hundred leagues which they goe vp the Riuer the other three hundred leagues is a Countrie well inhabited and quiet trauelling so that oftentimes the Posts passe to and fro but because the way is long the Merchants doe not trauell that way but when they are forced thereunto if any forraine Nations should take and keepe the South Sea the King might haue his treasure brought to this place from Peru and so into Spaine For in times past there was a rebellion in Peru by the Spaniards against the King and thorow these Prouinces he sent his power to suppresse them Santa Marta is a very poore Towne because it bath beene often robbed of the Frenchmen and hath no trade but by a few Indians that dwell about them Here beginneth the great Mountaines couered all with snow which compasseth all the Countrie of India and Peru vntill you come to the further end of the Straites of Magelan these Mountaines are seene with the snowe vpon them aboue thirtie leagues into the Sea in the bottome of this Wildernesse or Mountains there is a Valley called Tagrona which is the richest place that is knowne but because the Land that is ioyning to it is full of Mountaines and the Inhabitants are very many and withall of a good courage and they vse to poison their Arrowes so that in striking of a man hee cannot escape death Therefore it lieth vncoâ—quered and many Spanish Captaines there haue beene slaine On this Coast of The Firme Land there are aboue seuentie Ilands of Sante Domingo and Cuba and Porto Rico although it be not very great yet it is inhabited by the Spaniard the rest of all the Ilands haue beene inhabited by Indians where was good store oâ— Gold and Pearles and Emeralds but the Spaniards haue destroyed all those Indians from off the Earth and in many of those Ilands is nothing of any value therefore I haue small cause to intreat of them but Santa Domâ—ngo is an Iland of great bignesse and hath beene very full of people and rich Mines of Gold and Peaâ—les but now all is wasted away for it was as full of people as any place of that bignesse in the world yet now are there none left for they were men of so hard a heart that they killed themselues rather then they would serue the Spaniards It happened on a time that a Spaniard called certaine Indians to goe to worke in the Mines which kinde of labour did most grieue them and would rather doe violence on themselues then to goe which the Spaniard perceiuing he said vnto them seeing you will rather hang your selues then to goe and worke I will likewise hang my selfe and goe with you because I will make you worke in the other world but the Indians hearing this said wee will willingly worke with you because you shall not goe with vs so vnwilling they were of the Spaniards companie so that of all the Inhabitants of this Iland there was none escaped death but onely these few which was by the meanes of this Spaniard or else they would haue hanged themselues also There is neere this Iland another Iland greater then Santa Domingo called Cuba it is like vnto Santa Domingo although there is not such store of Sugar the chiefest place in this Iland is called La hauana and is a very good Harbour these people are very rich by reason of the shipping that doth touch there which are bound for Noua Hispania and Peru therefore there is a Castle in this Harbour kept with Spanish Souldiers for there is no other Castle in all the Land nor Souldiers but onely here and in Florida There is also another Iland inhabited with Spaniards neere vnto this which is called Porto Rico it is but little and euery way as plentifull as the other two are I will follow my Discourse of the Port Townes along the Coast of the maine Land and passing once the Iland of Margareta there are no Townes inhabited by the Spaniards till you come to Fernanboke which is on the Coast of Brasill yet betweene the Iland and Fernanboke there is the great Riuer of Maranoyn This Riuer is one of the greatest in the world it was first found when as the Spaniards did seeke out the other Coast but none can goe into this Riuer because of the great current that commeth downe and withall there are many shelues of sand lying about the mouth of it whereby it was long before that the Riches which is in the Riuer was knowne vntill the time that the Land of Peru was conquered at which time a Captaine called Gonsalo Pizarro entring into the Countrie of Peru came into a Land which they named La Canela because there came from thence great store of Cinnamon but not altogether so good as that which commeth from the Indies Proceeding further into the Countrie he came to a great Riuer where he saw many of the Countrie people come vp in Canoas bringing Gold to buy and sell with the Spaniards The Captaine seeing this was desirous to see the
of Peru great store of Gold and asking the Indians from whence it came they answered from Chili wherefore Don Diego de Almagro which was one of the Captaines that conquered Peru went vpon this newes toward Chili with three hundred Horsemen Now he must go round about the Mountains of Snow which way the Indians that were his guides did carrie this Captaine because they should die all of cold Yet the Spaniards although they lost some of their Horses came to the first Inhabitance of Chili called Copiapo which is the first plain land in the entring of the Prouince but from hence he returned backe againe for Peru because he had newes that the Indians had risen against the Spaniards enclosed them vpon which newes he returned without going any farther into the Countrey Now this Captayne Don Diego de Almagro beeing slaine in the Warres of Peru after his death another Captayne called Don Pedro de Baldiuia with foure hundred Horsemen went vnto Chili and with smali labour he ouercame halfe the Countrey which were subiect to the Kings of Peru for they of Chili knowing that Poru was ouercome by the Spaniards they straight way yeelded the Land vnto the Spaniards but the other halfe which was the richest and the fruitfullest part so had God made the men the valiants and most furious that shall be found among all the Sauage people in the whole Land The Prouince which they inhabit called El Estado de Arauco is but a small Prouince about twentie leagues in length and is gouerned by ten principall men of the Countrey out of which ten they choose the valiantest man for their Generall in the Warres The Kings of Peru in times past could neuer conquer this part of Chili nor yet any other Kings of the Indians The weapons vsed by these people of Arauco are long Pikes Halberds Bowes and Arrowes they also make them Iacks of Seale-skinnes and Head-pieces in times past the heads of their Halberds and Pikes were of Brasse but now they haue gotten store of Iron They pitch their battels in manner like the Christians for putting their Pikemen in rankes they place Bowmen among them and marshall their troupes with discretion and great valour Now the Spaniards comming vnto this Prouince sent word vnto them by other Indians saying that they were the children of God and came to teach them the Word of God and that therefore they ought to yeeld themselues vnto them if not they would shoot fire among them and burne them These people not fearing the great words of the Spaniards but desiring to see that which they had heard reported met them in the field and fought a most cruell battell but by reason of the Spaniards great Ordnance and Caleeuers they were in the end put to flight Now these Indians thinking verily that the Spaniards were the children of God because of their great Ordnance which made such a noise and breathed out such flames of fire yeelded themselues vnto them So the Spaniards hauing diuided this Prouince made the Indians to serue their turnes for getting of Gold out of the Mynes which they enioyed in such abundance that he which had least had twentie thousand Pezos but Captaine Baldiuia himselfe had three hundred thousand Pezos by the yeere The fame of these riches in the end was spred as farre as Spaine from whence soone after resorted many Spaniards to the land of Chili whom Captaine Baldiuia caused to inhabit sixe Townes to wit Villa nueua de la Serena called in the Indian Tongue Coquimbo the second Sant Iago which the Indians call Mapocha the third La Conception called by the Indians Penco the fourth La Imperial the fift Baldiuia and the sixt La Villa Rica Also he built a Fort in the middle of all the land wherein he put Ordnance and Souldiers how beit all this their good successe continued not long for the Indians in short time perceiung that the Spaniards were but mortall men as well as they determined to rebell against them wherefore the first thing that they did they carried grasse into the said Fort for the Spaniards Horses and wood also for them to burne among which grâ—â—â—e the Indians conueyed Bowes and Arrowes with great Clubs This done fiftie of the Indians entred the Fort be tooke themselues to their Bowes Arrows and Clubs and stood in the gate of the said Fort from whence making a signe vnto other of their Nation for helpe they wanne the Fort and slue all the Spaniards The newes of this ouerthrow comming to the Towne of Conception where Captaine Baldiuia was he presently set forth with two hundred Horsemen to seeke the Indians taking no more men with him because hee was in haste And in a Plaine hee met the Indians who comming of purpose also to seeke him and compassing him about slue most part of his companie the rest escaping by the swiftnesse of their Horses but Baldiuia hauing his Horse slaine vnder him was taken aliue Whom the Indians wished to be of good courage and to feare nothing for the cause said they why wee haue taken you is to giue you Gold enough And hauing made a great banquet for him the last seruice of all was a Cup full of melted Gold which the Indians forced him to drinke saying Now glut thy selfe with Gold and so they killed him This Baldiuia was a most valiant man who had beene an old Souldier in the Warres of Italie and at the sacking of Rome Vpon this discomfiture the Spaniards chose for their Captaine one Pedro de Uilla grande who assembling all the Spaniards in Chili and taking with him ten pieces of Ordnance marched against those Indians but with so bad successe that hee lost not onely the field and many of his men but also those ten Peeces of Ordnance which he brought The Indians hauing thus gotten the victorie went straightway against the Towne of Concepcion from whence the Spaniards fled for feare and left the Towne desolate And in this manner were the Spaniards chased by the Indians out of the Countrie of Arauco But newes hereof being brought to the Marqueste of Cannete Vice-roy of Pern he sent his sonne Don Garcia de Mendoza against those Indians with a great power of Horsemen and Footmen and store of Artilerie This Nobleman hauing subdued Chili againe and slaine in diuers battels aboue fortie thousand Indians and brought them the second time vnder the Spaniards subiection newly erected the said Fort that stood in the midst of the Land inhabited the Towne of Concepcion againe and built other Townes for the Spaniards and so leauing the Land in peace he returned for Peru. But ere he was cleane departed out of the land the Indians rebelled again but could not do so much mischiefe as they did before because the Spaniards tooke better heed vnto them From that time vntil this present there hath beene no peace at all for not withstanding many Captianes and Souldiers
Indians were gone told vs that the Indians had carried away the head hands and feet of the Gouernour and of two Negros the rest being spoyled were throwne into the Riuer If we had had but foure Horses these they feare more then all armes they had neuer aduentured on vs. On foot the Spaniards are commonly ouercome by them In the first Mexican expedition they tooke the Horse and Man to bee but one creature That which hath carried the Spaniards into those Prouinces is onely couetousnesse whatsoeuer profession they pretend of Christian Faith Neither will any of them stay in any place where Gold is not found Antonius Sedegnus died with thought after three yeeres trauell in Paria with seuen hundred men not finding this golden Sun-shine fiftie onely of his men returning Soto spent in Florida what he had gotten in Peru. He threatned fifteene Cacikes to burne them except they brought him to the place whence they had their Gold These promised any thing to preuent present execution and after twelue dayes wandring were sent away with their hands cut off When he told a Cacike which visited him with a Present that he was a Christians the sonn of God Creator of Heauen and Earth and came thither to teach them the Diuine Law If thy God said the Cacike bids thee robbe kill burne and commit all mischiefe wee can neither beleeue Him nor his Law Soto finding no Mine died at last of the bloudy Fluxe The like may be said of Naruaez twelue of whose companie fell mad with famine and fell to biting and tearing each other Of sixe hundred which hee carried forth scarcely ten returned which at Mexico reported that with breathing they had cured the sicke and had raised three dead men to life But I craue pardon of their holinesse and shall easier beleeue that they killed foure liuing men then that they raised halfe a dead one Cortez set forth by Velasquez gaue him no accounts at all Peter Aluarado left by Cortez at Mexico fell vpon the Indians amidst their dances and slue them And when Cortez had returned from the defeat of Naruaez and besieged Mexico the Mexicans gathered all their Gold and Siluer and threw it into the Lake and by no torments could bee compelled to confesse where it was although Cortez tortured the Kings Scribe to death and put the King also to vaine tortures for that purpose Some say that Cortez strangled him When I first trauelled in Nicaragua I was entertained by a principall Cacike of those parts called Gonzallus a man of seuentie yeeres of age and well skilled in the Spanish Tongue Hee one morning I sitting neere him fixed his eyes on my face said Christian what are Christians they require Maiz Honie Silke a Garment an Indian Woman to lie with they demand Gold and Siluer Christians will not worke they are Gamsters Dicers lewd and blasphemous When they goe to Church to heare Masse they back-bite the absent and they strike and wound each other Hee concluded that Christians were not good I said they were the bad and not the good which did such things hee replied Where are those good for I neuer yet saw any but bad I asked why they suffered Christians to enter their borders Hee answered Honest friend thus it is When the fame of the cruelty of Christians which wheresoeuer they came filled all with fire sword and robbery dispersed in these Prouinces had comne vnto vs and wee had heard that they would inuade vs wee called a Councell of all our friends and generally decreed rather to die then to yeeld our selues subiects to the Christians When they had entred our Borders wee made head against them but most of vs after long fight terrified by the Horses fled And wee sent two messengers to desire pardon and peace with no other purpose but to gaine time to re-enforce our strength Wee carried them many presents entertayned them with dances and within three dayes fell on them againe but with ill successe we seeke peace againe and after that by common consent decree rather to die then to serue the Christians and to kill him whosoeuer shall flee from the battell Thus wee take Armes But our Wiues come weeping to vs and beseech vs rather to serue the Christians then to die shamefully otherwise to kill them first with their children that they may not after losse of their husbands come into the power of those bearded and cruell men These prayers and teares brake our hearts and wee voluntarily submitted our persons and goods to the greedy Christians Some yet prouoked by wrongs rebell but were punished grieuously by the Christians not sparing the very Infants Others also which were innocent were made slaues and wee were then possessors neither of our wiues nor children nor any thing else Many impatient hereof killed their children others hanged and others famished themselues till the King of Castiles Proclamation by which wee were made free made an end of those miseries The Indians especially the sonnes of their Cacikes which can write and reade confesse Gods Commandements good but wonder that wee of whom they haue them doe not keepe them and vse thus to say Ho sir Christian God forbids to take his Name in vaine and thou continually for euery cause bee it neuer so light swearest and for swearest God sayth Thou shalt not beare false witnesse but you Christians doe nothing but slander and speake euill God commands to loue your neighbours as your selues and to forgiue one another You oppresse the poore are rigorous to your Dettors and if there be any poore Christians you giue them nothing but send them for reliefe to our houses Some of them shewing a piece of Gold will say Lo here the Christians God for this they are comne hither for this they haue subdued vs and done so many mischiefes for this they are neuer quiet but dice blaspheme curse quarell steale commit rapes and doe whatsoeuer villanie and lust There are Monkes which perpetrate those things openly by day-light which others would bee ashamed to doe by night And a Franciscan publikly preached that there was neither Priest nor Monke nor Bishop in India worthie the name of a good man For they all had giuen themselues to couetousnesse and still went to the wealthie Countries and auoided the poorer For these words he was apprehended and carried to Guatimala I haue also heard Priests discoursing together that they came out of Spaine into India for gaine and nothing else A Casikes sonne when hee was a childe of great towardnesse proued afterwards very lewd and being asked the reason said Since I was made a Christian I haue learned to sweare by the name of God and by the Crosse and by the words of the holy Gospell and to blaspheme by the life of God and I denie him nor doe I beleeue I haue further learned to play with the Die and neuer to speake truth I haue also got mee a
haue left out many many inuectiues and bitter Epithetes of this Author abridging him after my wont and lopping of such superfluities which rather were the fruit of his zeale then the flowre of his History I could also haue added the names of those which he here calleth Tyrants the Captaines in those Expeditions but he spared them as then liuing and in Herera before you haue them which yet is angry with Ramusio for that wherein this storie doth excuse him the concealment of their names being best commendation of such men In these prunings and comission of some things in their owne places before related aboue a third part is left out and yet more then enough left to testifie that Manâ— heart giuen ouer to couetousnesse or other vice is a bottomlesse Hell wicked and deceitfull aboue all who can search it The colours which the Spaniards pretended for such executions were the Man-eatings Sodomies Idolatries and other vices of Americans perhaps made worse in the telling and certainly with worse vices in this sort punished by vniustest Iustice in respect of the Spamards whose vniustice is neuerthelesse most iust in regard of God which knoweth how to punish sinne by sinne by Sinners This Booke is extant in Spanish Latine Dutch and in English also printed 1583. when as peace was yet betwixt England and Spaine which English Copie I haue followed The Prologue of the Bishop Frier BARTHOLOMEW de las CASAS or CASAVS to the most high and mightie Prince Our Lord Don PHILIP Prince of Spaine MOst high and mightie Lord as God by his Prouidence hath for the guiding and commoditie of mankind in this World in Realmes and Prouinces appointed Kings to be as Fathers and as Homer nameth them Shepherds and so consequently the most noble and principall members of Common-weales so can we not iustly doubt by reason of the good wils that Kings and Princes haue to minister Iustice but that if there be any things amisse either any violences or iniuries commited the only cause that they are not redressed is for that Princes haue no notice of the same For certainly if they knew of them they would imploy all diligence and indeuour in the remedie thereof Whereof it seemeth that mention is made in the holy Scripture in the Prouerbs of Solamon where it is said Rex qui sedet in solio Iudicij dissipat omne malum intuitu suo For it is sufficienâ—ly to be presupposed euen of the kindly and naturall vertue of a King that the only notice that hee taketh of any mischiefe tormenting his Kingdome is sufficient to procure him if it bee possible to roote out the same as beeing a thing that he cannot tollerate euen one only moment of time Considering therefore with my selfe most mightie Lord the great mischiefes damages and losses the like whereof it is not to be thought were euer committed by Mankind of so lâ—rge and great Kingdomes or to speake more truely of this so new World of the Indies which God and holy Church haue committed and commended vnto the King of Castile to the end they might gouerne conuert and procure their prosperitie as well temporally as spiritually I therefore I say being a man of experience and fiftie yeeres of age or more considering these euils as hauing seene them committed at my being in those Countries Also that your Highnesse hauing information of some notable particularities might bee mooued most earnestly to desire his Maiestie not to grant or permit to those Tyrants such conquests as they haue found out and which they doe so name whereunto if they might bee suffered they would returne seeing that of themselues and being made against this Indian peaceable lowly and milde Nation which offendeth none they be wicked tyrannous and by all Lawes either Naturall Humane or Diuine vtterly condemned detested and accursed I thought it best least my selfe might become also guiltie by concealing the losse of an infinite number both of souls bodies which are so committed to cause a few of their dealings which of late I had selected from among infinite others and that might truly be reported to be printed to the end your Highnesse might with more ease peruse and reade them ouer Also whereas your Highnesse Master the Archbishop of Toleto when hee was Bishop of Carthagena required them at my hands and then presented them to your Highnesse peraduenture by reason of such great Voyages as your Highnesse tooke vpon you both by Sea and by Land for matters of Estate wherein you haue beene busied it may bee you haue not perused either haue forgotten them and in the meane time the rash and disordinate desire of those which thinke it nothing to doe wrong to shed such abundance of mans bloud to make desolate these so large Countries of their naturall Inhabitants and Owners by slaying infinite persons either to purloine such incredible treasures do daily augment these Tyrants proceeding vnder al counterfeit titles and colours in their instant and importunate sute namely to haue the said Conquests permitted and granted vnto them Which in truth cannot bee granted without transgressing the Law both of Nature and of God and so consequently not without incurring mortall sinne worthy most terrible and euerlasting torments I thought it expedient to doe your Highnesse seruice in this briefe Summarie of a most large Historie that might and ought to bee written of such slaughters and spoiles as they haue made and perpetrated Which I beseech your Highnesse to receiue and reade ouer with that Royall clemencie and courtesie wherewith you vse to accept and peruse the workes of such your seruants as no other desire but faithfully to employ themselues to the common commoditie and to procure the prosperitie of the Royall Estate This Summarie being perused and the vildnesse of the iniquitie committed against these poore innocent people in that they are slâ—ine and hewed in pieces without desert only through the auarice ambition of those that pretend â—o the doing of such execrable deeds being considered It may please your Highnesse to desire and effectually to perswade his Maiestie to denie any whosoeuer shall demand or require so hurtfull and detestable enterprises yea euen to burie any such suite or petition in the infernall pit of perpetuall silence thereby shewing such terrour and dislike as hereafter no man may bee so bold as once to name or speake thereof And this most mightie Lord is very expedient and necessarie to the end God may prosper preserue and make the estate of the Royall Crowne of Castile for euer to flourish both spiritually and temporally CHAP. IIII. A briefe Narration of the destruction of the Indies by the Spaniards written by a Frier BART de las CASAS a Spaniard and Bishop of Chiapa in America THe Indies were discouered the yeere 1492. and inhabited by the Spanish the yeere next after ensuing so as it is about fortie nine yeeres sithence that the Spaniards some of them went into those parts And the first Land that
at the Riuer Bamba when hee entred the same which is in the Prouince of Quito and that he had flung into the Ditches moe then two hundred persons and there they stayed warring on all the Countrie Soone after he entred into the Prouince of Bitu or Anzerma in making cruell warre with fire and bloud till they came as farre as vnto the Salt-houses And from thence he sent Francis Garcia before him to pillage who made cruell warre on the naturall Inhabitants of the Countrie as he had done before him The Indians came vnto him two and two making signes that they demanded peace on the behalfe of the whole Countrie alledging that they would affoord him all that he could reasonably demand were it Gold or Women or Uictuals onely that they would not kill them as indeed it was a troth For themselues afterwards confessed it to bee so But the said Francis Garcia bid them get them packing telling them moreouer that they were a sort of drunkards and that hee vnderstood them not and so returned hee to the place where the said Captaine was and they made a complot to ouerrunne all the Prouince making cruell warre on all the Countrie in spoyling robbing and slaying all and with the Souldiers which hee brought with him drew thence moe then two thousand soules and all those died in the chaine Before departing the place which hee had peopled they slue more then fiue hundred persons And so returned to the Prouince of Calili And by the way if any Iode or Indesse were weary in such sort that they could not passe any further they did incontinently head them paring it off from the shoulders euen with the chaine to the end not to take the paines to open the locke thereof and to the end that others which went the same way should not make wise to bee sicke and by this meanes died they all and in the high-wayes were left all those people which hee made his purchase of out of Quito and of Pasto and of Quilla Cangua and of Paxa and of Popayan and of Lili and of Cali and of Anzerma and a great number of people died Also immediatly vpon their returne to the great Citie they entred into it slaying all that they could taking in that day moe then three hundred persons c. AMong diuers the remedies by Friar De las Casas Bishop of the Royal Towne called Chiapa propounded in the assemblie of sundry Prelates named Parsons by his Maiesties commandement gathered together in the Towne of Valladolid the yeere of our Lord 1542. for order and reformation to be obserued in the Indies the eighth in order was this ensuing which consisteth vpon twentie reasons and motions The eight Remedie is among all other principall and most in force as without which all the rest are to no purpose for that they all haue relation thereunto as euery motion to his proper end in whatsoeuer toucheth or is of any importance vnto your Maiestie which no man can expresse in as much as thereupon dependeth at the least the whole losse or preseruation of the Indies And the remedie that I speake of is this that your Maiestie doe determine decree command and solemnely in your soueraigne Courts ordaine by pragmaticall Sactions and Royall Statutes that all the Indies as well already subdued as hereafter to be subdued may be inserted reduced and incorporate into the Royall Crowne of Castile and Leon to be holden in chiefe of your Maiestie as free subiects and vassals as they are Likewise that they be not giuen in commendam vnto the Spaniards but that it stand as an inuiolable constitution determination and Royall Law that they neuer neither at this time neither hereafter in time to come may bee alienated or taken from the said Royall Crowne neither that they be giuen commanded demised in fee farme by depost commandement or alienation either vnder any other title or manner whatsoeuer and be dismembred from the Royall Crowne for any whatsoeuer the seruice or desert of any either vpon any necessitie that may happen or for any cause or colour whatsoeuer that may be pretended For the inuiolable obseruation or establishment of which Law your Maiestie shall formally sweare by your Faith and on your Word and Royall Crowne and by all other sacred things whereby Christian Princes doe vsually sweare that at no time neither your selfe neither your successours in these ten Dominions or in the Indies so farre as in you shall lie shall reuoke the same and you shall further set downe in expresse words in your Royall Will and Testament that this decree be euer kept maintayned and vpholden also that so farre as in your selfe or in them shall lie they shall confirme and continue the same And for proofe of the necessitie hereof there bee twenty reasons to be alledged out of which twenty we haue drawne and put in writing so many as may seeme to serue to our purpose The Spaniards through their great auarice and couetousnesse to get doe not permit any religious persons to enter into their Townes and Holds which they possesse alledging that they receiue double losse by them One and the principall is that religious persons doe keepe the Indies occupied when they gather them together to their Sermons so as in the meane time their worke is omitted while the Indians being idle labour not yea it hath so fallen out that the Indians being in the Church at the Sermon the Spaniard comming in in the face of al the people hath taken fifty or an hundred or so many as he hath needed to carrie his baggage and stuffe and such as would not goe he hath loden with stripes spurning them forth with his feet thereby to the great griefe both of the Indians and of the religious persons troubling and molesting all that were present c. The Spaniards are charged to instruct the Indians in our holy Catholike Faith whereupon on a time when we examined Iohn Colmenere of Saint Martha a fantasticall ignorant and foolish man who had gotten a great Towne in commendam and had a charge of soules he could not tell how to blesse himselfe and asking him what doctrine he taught the Indians committed to his charge he said he gaue them to the Deuill also that it was enough for him to say Per signim sanctin Cruces How can the Spaniards that trauell to the Indies how noble or valiant soeuer they be haue any care of the soules when the most of them are ignorant of their Creede and ten Commandements and knowe not the matters pertayning to their owne saluation neither doe trauell to the Indies for any other purpose but to satisfie their owne desires and couetous affections being for the most part vicious corrupt vnhonest and disordinate persons so as hee that would weigh them in an equall ballance and compare them with the Indians should finde the Indians without comparison more vertuous and holy then them For the Indians what Infidels
it into their mouthes they spitted it out so ignorant is this people of the best thing that God hath giuen to Man next to Bread Yet notwithstanding they haue no want of wit and might be brought to doe some good things if they were ciuilized and had the vse of Handy-craâ—â—s But they are subtile theeuish traiterous and though they bee naked yet one cannot take heed of their fingers for if one turne neuer so little his eyes aside and that they spie â—â—e opportunitie to steale any Knife Hatchet or any thing else they will not misse nor fayl 〈…〉 it and wâ—ll put the theft betweene their buttockes or will hidâ— it within the sand with their foot so cu 〈…〉 gly that one shall not perceiue it Indeed I doe not wonder if a people poore and naked be t 〈…〉 uish but when the heart is malicious it is vnexcusable This people is such that they must bee hâ—ndled with terrour for if through loue and gentlenesse one giue them too free accessâ— they will practise some surprize as it hath beene knowne in diuers occasions heretofore and will yet here-after be seene And without deferring any longer the second day after our comming thither as they saw our people busie awashing Linnen they came some fitty one following another with Bowes Arrowes and Quiuers intending to play some bad part as it was conâ—ectâ—red vpon theiâ— manâ—er of proceeding but they were preuented some of our men going to meet them with their Muskets and Matches at the cocke which made some of them runne away and the others being compassed in hauing put downe their weapons came to a Peninsule or small head of an Iland where our men were and making a friendly shew demanded to trucke the Tabacco they had for our merchandises The next day the Captaine of the said place and Port came into Monsieur de Pontrincourts Barke to see him wee did maruell to see him accompanied with Olmechin seeing the way was maruellous long to come thither by Land and much shorter by Sea That gaue cause of bad suspicion albeit hee had promised his loue to the Frenchmen Notwithstanding they were gently receiued And Monsieur de Poutrincourt gaue to the said Olmechin a complete garment wherewith being clothed hee viewed himselfe in a Glasse and did laugh to see himselfe in that order But a little while after feeling that the same hindred him although it was in October when hee was returned vnto his Cabins he distributed it to sundry of his men to the end that one alone should not be ouerpestered with it Now during the time of the said Monsieur de Poutrincourt was there being in doubt whether Monsieur de Monts would come to make an habitation on that Coast as hee wished it hee made there a piece of ground to be tilled for to sowe Corne and to plant Vines As they were a deliberating to passe farther Olmechin came to the Barke to see Monsieur de Poutrincourt where hauing carried certaine houres either in talking or eating hee said that the next day an hundred Boates should come contayning euery one sixe men but the comming of such a number of men being but troublesome Monsieur de Poutrincourt would not tarrie for them but went away the same day to Malebarre not without much difficultie by reason of the great streames and shoalds that are there So that the Barke hauing touched at three foot of water onely we thought to be cast away and wee beganne to vnlade her and put victuals into the Shalop which was behind for to saue vs on Land but being no full Sea the Barke came aflote within an houre All this Sea is a Land ouerflowed as that of Mount Saint Michaels a sanday ground in which all that resteth is a plaine flat Countrey as farre as the Mountaines which are seene fifteene leagues off from that place And I am of opinion that as farre as Virginia it is all alike Moreouer there is here great quantity of Grapes as before and a Country very full of people Mousieur de Monts being come to Malebarre in an other season of the yeare gathered onely greene Grapes which he made to be preserued and brought some to the King But it was our good hap to come thither in October for to see the maturity thereof I haue here before shewed the difficulty that is found in entering into Malebarre This is the cause why Monsieur de Poutrincourt came not in with his Barke but went thither with a Shallop onely which thirty or forty Sauages did helpe to draw in and when it was full tide but the tide doth not mount here but two fathams high which is seldome seene he went out and retired himselfe into his said Barke to passe further in the morning as soone as he should ordaine it THe night beginning to giue place to the dawning of the day the sailes are hoised vp but it was but a very perilous nauigation For with this small Vessell they were forced to coast the land where they found no depth going backe to Sea it was yet worse in such wise that they did strike twice or thrice being raised vp againe onely by the waues and the rudder was broken which was a dreadfull thing In this extremity they were constrained to cast anker in the Sea at two fathams deepe and three leagues off from the land Which being done Daniel Hay a man which taketh pleasure in shewing forth his vertue in the perils of the Sea was sent towards the Coast to view it and see if there were any Port. And as he was neere land he saw a Sauage which did dance singing yo yo yo he called to him to come neerer and by signes asked him if there were any place to retire Ships in and where any fresh water was The Sauage hauing made signe there was hee tooke him into his Shallop and brought him to the Barke wherein was Chkoudun Captaine of the Riuer of Oigoudi otherwise Saint Iohns Riuer who being brought before this Sauage he vnderstood him no more than did our owne people true it is that hy signes he comprehended better then they what he would say This Sauage shewed the places where no depth was and where was any and did so well indenting and winding here and there alway the led in hand that in the end they came to the Port shewed by him where small depth is wherein the Barke being arriued diligence was vsed to make a forge for to mend her with her rudder and an Ouen to bake Bread because there was no more Bisket left Fifteene dayes were imployed in this worke during the which Monsieur de Poutrincourt according to the laudable custome of Christians made a Crosse to be framed and set vp vpon a greene Banke as Monsieur de Mont had done two yeeres before at Kinibeki and Malebarre Now among these painefull exercises they gaue not ouer making good cheere with
that which both the Sea and Land might furnish in that part For in this Port is plenty of Fowle in taking of which many of our men applied themselues specially the Sea Larkes are there in so great flights that Monsieur de Poutrincourt killed eight and twenty of them with one Caliuer shot As for fishes there be such abundance of Porpeses and another kinde of fish called by Frenchmen Soufleurs that is to say Blowers that the Sea seemes to be all couered ouer with them But they had not the things necessary for this kinde of fishing they contented themselues then with shel-fish as of Oysters Skalops Periwincles whereof there was enough The Sauages of the other side did Bring fish and Grapes within baskets made of rushes for exchange with some of our wares After certaine dayes the said Monsieur de Poutrincourt seeing there great assembly of Sauages came ashoare and to giue them some terrour made to march before him one of his men flourishing with two naked swords Whereat they much wondred but yet much more when they saw that our Muskets did pierce thicke peeces of wood where their Arrowes could not so much as scratch And therefore they neuer assailed our men as long as they kept watch And it had beene good to sound the Trumpet at euery houres end as Captaine Iames Quartier did For as Monsieur de Poucrincourt doth often say One must neuer lay bait for theeues meaning that one must neuer giue cause to any enemy to thinke that he may surprise you But one must alwayes shew that he is mistrusted and that you are not asleepe chiefely when one hath to doe with Sauages which will neuer set vpon him that resolutely expects them for soone after they killed foure of our men which were carelesse They named this Port Port Fortune Counsell being taken it was resolued to returne into Port Royall Monsieur de Poutrincourt besides all this being yet in care for them whom he had left there so they came againe for the third time into Port Fortune where no Sauage was seene Vpon the first wnde the said Monsieur de Poutrincourt weighed anker for the returne and being mindfull of the dangers passed he sailed in open Sea which shortned his course but not without a great mischiefe of the rudder which was againe broken in such sort that being at the mercy of the waues they arriued in the end as well as they could amongst the Ilands of Norombega where they mended it Monsieur de Poutrincourt arriued in Port Royall the foureteenth day of Nouember where we receiued him ioy fully The publike reioycing being finished Monsieur de Poutrincourt had a care to see his corne the greatest part whereof he had sowed two leagues off from our Port by the Riuer L'Esquelle and the other part about our said Port and found that which was first sowen very forward but not the last that had beene sowed the sixth and tenth dayes of Nouember which notwithstanding did grow vnder the Snow during Winter as I haue noted it in my sowings It would be a tedious thing to particularise all that was done amongst vs during Winter as to tell how the said Monsieur de Poutrincourt caused many times coales to be made the forge-coale being spent That he caused waies to be made thorow the woods That he went thorow the Forrests by the guide of the Compasse and other things of such nature But I will relate that for to keepe vs merry and clenly concerning victuals there was an order established at the Table of the said Monsieur de Poutrincourt which was named L'ordre de bon temps the order of good time or the order of mirth at first inuented by Monsieur Champlein wherein they who were of the same table were euery one at his turne and day which was in fifteene dayes once Steward and Cater Now his care was that we should haue good and worshipfull fare which was so well obserued that although the Belly-gods of these parts doe often reproach vnto vs that we had not La Rue aux Ours of Paris with vs we haue ordinarily had there as good cheere as we could haue at La Rue aux Ours and at farre lesser charges For there was none but two dayes before his turne came was carefull to goe a hunting or fishing and brought some daintie thing besides that which was of our ordinary allowance So well that at breakfast we neuer wanted some modicom or other of fish or flesh and at the repast of dinners or suppers yet lesse for it was the great banquet where the Gouernour of the feast or Steward whom the Sauages doe call Atoctegi hauing made the Cooke to make all things ready did march with his Napkin on his shoulder and his staffe of office in his hand with the colour of the order about his necke which was worth aboue foure crownes and all of them of the order following him bearing euery one a dish The like also was at the bringing in of the Fruit but not with so great a traine And at night after grace was said he resigned the Collar of the Order with a cup of wine to his successour in that charge and they dranke one to another I haue heretofore said that we had abundance of Fowle as Mallards Outards Geese gray and white Partridges and other Birds Item of Ellans or Stagflesh of Caribous or Deere Beuers Otters Beares Rabbets Wilde-cats or Leopards Nibaches and such like which the Sauages did take wherewith we made as good dishes of meate as in the Cookes shops that be in La rue aux Ours Beare streete and greater store for of all meates none is so tender as Ellans flesh whereof we made good pasties nor so delicate as the Beauers-taile Yea we haue had sometimes halfe a dosen Sturgions at one clap which the Sauages did bring to vs part whereof we did take paying for it and the rest was permitted them to sell publikely and to trucke it for Bread whereof our people had abundantly And as for the ordinary meate brought out of France that was distributed equally as much to the least as to the biggest And the like with Wine as we haue said In such actions we had alwayes twenty or thirty Sauages men women girles and Boies who beheld vs doing our effices Bread was giuen them gratiâ— as we doe here to the poore But as for the Sagamos Membertou and other Sagamos when they came to vs they sat at table eating and drinking as we did and wee tooke pleasure in seeing them as contrariwise their absence was irkesome vnto vs as it came to passe three or foure times that all went away to the places where they knew that game and Venison was and brought one of our men with them who liued some six weekes as they did without Salt without Bread and without Wine lying on the ground vpon skins
it by whose violence the gumme enclosed within the lembecke melted and dropped downe into a bason but it was needefull to be very watchfull at it by reason that if the fire had taken hold of the Gumme all had beene lost That was admirable especially in a man that neuer saw any made Whereof the Sauages being astonied did say in words borrowed from the Basques Endia chaue Normandia that is to say that the Normans know many things Now they call all Frenchmen Normands except the Basques because the most part of fishermen that goe afishing there be of that Nation This remedie came very fitly vnto vs for those which came to seeke vs were fallen into the same want that we were THe Sunne did but beginne to cheere the earth and to behold his Mistris with an amorous aspect when the Sagamos Membertou after our Prayers solemnely made to God and the break-fast distributed to the people according to the custome came to giue vs aduertisement that he had seene a sayle vpon the Lake which came towards our Fort. At this ioyfull new es euery one went out to see but yet none was found that had so good aâ—sight as he though he be aboue a 100. yeeres old neuerthelesse we spied very soone what it was It was onely a small Bark vnder the charge of a young man of Saint Maloes named Cheualier who beeing arriued at the Fort deliuered his Letters to Monsieur de Poutrincourt which were read publikely They did write vnto him that for to helpe to saue the charges of the Voyage the ship being yet the Ionas should stay at Campseau Port there to fish for Cods by reason that the Merchants associate with Monsieur de Monts knew not that there was any fishing farther then that place Notwithstanding if it were necessary he should cause the ship to come to Port Royall Moreouer that the societie was broken because that contrary to the King his Edict the Hollanders conducted by a traiterous Frenchman called La Ieunesse had the yeere before taken vp the Beuers and other Furres of the great Riuer of Canada Notwithstanding after that Monsieur de Poutrincourt had a long while mused hereupon he said that although he should haue no bodie to come with him but onely his family hee would not forsake the enterprize It was great griefe vnto vs to abandon without hope of returne a Land that had produced vnto vs so faire Corne and so many faire adorned Gardens All that could be done vntill that time was to find out a place fit to make a setled dwelling and a Land of good fertilitie And that being done it was great want of courage to giue ouer the enterprise for another yeare being passed the necessitie of maintayning an habitation there should be taken away for the Land was sufficient to yeeld things necessarie for life This was the cause of that griefe which pierced the hearts of them which were desirous to see the Christian Religion established in that Countrey But on the contrary Monsieur de Monts and his associates reaping no benefit but losse and hauing no helpe from the King it was a thing which they could not doe but with much diffiâ—ultie to maintayne an habitation in those parts Now this enuie for the Trade of Beauers with the Sauages found not onely place in the Hollanders hearts but also in French Merchants in such sort that the priuiledge which had beene giuen to the said Monsieur de Monts for ten yeeres was reuoked The vnsatiable auarice of men is a strange thing which haue no regard to that which is honest so that they may rifle and catch by what meanes soeuer And thereupon I will say moreouer that there haue beene some of them that came to that Countrey to fetch vs home that wickedly haue presumed so much as to strip the dead and steale away the Beauers which those poore people doe put for their last benefit vpon them whom they bury as we will declare more at large in the Booke following A thing that maketh the French name to be odious and worthy disdaine among them which haue no such sordid qualitie at all Fifteene dayes after the said Monsieur de Poutrincourt sent a Barke to Campseau with part of our Workmen for to beginne to pull downe the house In the beginning of Iune the Sauages about foure hundred in number went away from the dwelling that the Sagamos Membertou had newly made in forme of a Towne compassed about with high pales for to go to warres against the Armouchiquois which was at Chouakoet some eightie leagues distant from Port Royall from whence they returned victorious Monsieur de Poutrincourt being not willing to depart thence vntill hee had seene the issue of his expectation that is to say the ripenesse of his Corne hee deliberated after that the Sauages were gone to warres to make Voyages along the Coast. And because Chaualier was desirous to gather some Beuers he sent him in a small Barke to the Riuer of Saint Iohn called by the Sauages Ouigoudi and to the I le Saint Croix And he the said Monsieur de Poutrincourt went in a shallop to the Copper Myne I was of the said Cheualier his Voyage we crossed the French Bay to goe to the said Riuer where as soone as wee arriued halfe a doozen Salmons newly taken were brought to vs we soiourned there foure dayes during which we went into the Cabins of Sagamos Chkoudun where we saw some eightie or a hundred Sauages all naked except their priuie members which were a making Tabagy that is to say a banquetting with the meale that the said Cheualier had trucked with them for their old skinnes full of Lice The Towne of Ouigoudi so I call the dwelling of the said Chkoudun was a great inclosure vpon an Hill compassed about with high and small Trees tied one against another and within it many Cabins great and small one of which was as great as a Market Hall wherein many housholds retired themselues And as for the same where they made their Tabagie it was somwhat lesse A good part of the said Sauages were of Gachepe which is the beginning of the great Riuer of Canada and they told vs that they came from their dwelling thither in sixe dayes which made me much to maruell seeing the distance that there is by Sea but they shorten very much their wayes and make great Voyages by the meanes of Lakes and Riuers at the end of which being come in carrying their Canowes three or foure leagues they get to other Riuers that haue a contrary course All these Sauages were come thither to goe to the warres with Membertou against the Armouchiquois When we returned to our Barke which was at the comming in of the Port halfe a league off from thence sheltered by a causie that the Sea hath made there our men and specially Captaine Champdore that conducted vs were in doubt lest some
Iland is their Woade such as wee vse for dying whereof much is made in that Iland and is fetched from thence by Englishmen Scots and Frenchmen in barter for Cloathes and other wares who continually traffique into that Iland and although by reason of the warres the Englishmen are forbidden to traffique thither yet vnder the names of Scots and Frenchmen they haue continuall trade there The Iland hath not any wilde beasts or fowles but very few sauing onely Canary birds which are there by thousands where many Birders take them and thereof make a daily liuing by carrying them into diuers places It hath also wonderfull many Quailes which they call Codornisen of tame fowles as Hennes and Gynnie Hennes are there likewise great store Hunting is there little vsed but onely for Conies which are very great Hares Harts Partridges Venison and such like are not there to be found because of the little respect and care the Inhabitants haue to breed any such things Fish is very plentifull and of diuers kindes and very good in Summer there is great store taken for in Winter they can hardly brooke the Seas The chiefe moneths of Winter weather for raine and stormes are Ianuarie Februarie March and Aprill and also the moneth of September is commonly very stormy all the other moneths it is commonly good weather The Countrey is very hilly and in some places wooddy full of bushes and trees it is hard to trauell because their wayes for the most part are stony so that for a mile or a mile and a halfe together men can see no ground but onely stones which for sharpnesse and fashion shew like pointed Diamants whereby one can hardly treade vpon it lest it should cut through both shooes and feet and yet it is all planted with Vines so full and thicke that in Summer time you can hardly see through it for that the rootes thereof doe growe betweene the stones so that a man would thinke it impossible that any thing should growe therein and which is more in some places it seemeth impossible for a man to treade vpon it being so wilde and desart as it sheweth and nothing but hard stones and Rockes On good ground their Vines will not growe but onely in the wilde and stony places and for that cause they are much esteemed The good groundes and plaine fieldes which in some places are very many especially by Villa da Praya are sowed with Corne and Woade and they haue so much Corne that they neede not bring any from other places although that besides their Inhabitants and naturall borne Ilanders they haue continually with them fourteene Companies of Spaniards which are all fedde and nourished by the Corne that groweth in the Countrey vnlesse there chance to come a hard and vnfruitfull yeere as oftentimes it doth for then they are forced to helpe themselues with forraine Corne and that especially because of the Souldiers that lie in the Iland and yet it is strange that the Corne and all other things in the Iland continue not aboue one yeere and that which is kept aboue a yeere is naught and nothing worth And therefore to keepe their Corne longer than a yeere they are forced to burie it in the earth for the space of foure or fiue moneths together to the which end euery Townesman hath his Pit at one end of the Towne in the common high-way which is appointed for the purpose and euery man setteth his marke vpon his Pit-stone the Corne is but lightly buried in the earth the holes within are round and the toppes thereof so wide that a man may creepe in whereunto there is a stone purposely made to couer it which shutteth it vp very close Some of the Pittes are so great as that they may hold two or three lastes of Corne some greater and some smaller as euery man hath his prouision and as soone as the Corne is reaped and fanned which is in Iuly euery man putteth his Corne into those Pittes laying straw vnder and round about it and then they fill it full or but halfe full according as their quantitie is and so stop it vp with the stone which they couer with earth and so let it stand vntill Christmas when euery man that will fetch home his Corne some let it lie longer and fetch it by little and little as they vse it but the Corne is as good when they take it out as it was at the first houre that they put it in and although that Carts Horses and men doe commonly passe ouer it and also that the raine raineth vpon it yet there entreth not any drop of raine or moisture into it and if the Corne were not buried in that manner it would not continue good aboue foure moneths together but would be spoiled and when it hath beene thus for a long time buried in the earth it will continue the whole yeere through and then they keepe it in Chists or make a thing of Mats like a Coope to preserue it in not once stirring or moouing it and so it continueth very good The greatest commoditie they haue in the Land and that serueth their turnes best is their Oxen and I beleeue they are the greatest and fairest that are to bee found in all Christendome with vnmeasurable great and long hornes Euery Oxe hath his seuerall name like men and although there bee a thousand of them in a heard and that one of them bee called by his name he presently commeth forth vnto his master that calleth him The Land is very high and as it seemeth hollow for that as they passe ouer a Hill of stone the ground soundeth vnder them as if it were a Seller so that it seemeth in diuers places to haue holes vnder the earth whereby it is much subiect to Earthquakes as also all the other Ilands are for there it is a common thing and all those Ilands for the most part haue had Myne of Brimstone for that in many places of Tercera and Saint Michael the smoake and sauour of Brimstone doeth still issue forth of the ground and the Countrey round about is all sindged and burnt Also there are places wherein there are Fountaines and Wells the water whereof is so hot that it will boyle an egge as well as if it hung ouer a fire In the Iland of Tercera about three miles from Angra there is a Fountaine in a place called Gualua which hath a propertie that all the wood which falleth into it by length of time conuerteth into stone as I my selfe by experience haue tried In the same Fountaine by the roote of a tree whereof the one halfe runneth vnder that water and is turned into as hard stone as if it were Steele and the other part of the roote which the water toucheth not is still wood and root as it should be The Iland hath great store and excellent kinds of wood specially Cedar trees which growe there in so
apprehended Within two or three daies we arriued at Pamavnke the King as many daies entertained vs with feasting and much mirth and the day he appointed to begin our trade the President with M. Persie M. West M. Russell M. Beheathland M. Powell M. Crashaw M. Ford and some others to the number of fifteene went vp to Opechancanoughs house neere a quarter of a mile from the Riuer where we found nothing but a lame fellow and a boy and all the houses about of all things abandoned not long wee staid ere the King arriued and after him came diuers of his people loaded with Bowes and Arrowes but such pinching commodities and those esteemed at such a value as our Captaine began with him in this manner Opechancanough the great loue you professe with your tongue seemes meere deceit by your actions last yeere you kindly fraughted our ship but now you haue inuited me to starue with hunger You know my want and I your plentie of which by some meanes I must haue a part remember it is fit for Kings to keepe their promise here are my commodities whereof take your choice the rest I will proportion fit bargaines for your people The King seemed kindly to accept his offer and the better to colour his proiect sold vs what they had to our owne content promising the next day more company better prouided the Barges and Pinnace being committed to the charge of M. Phetiplace the President with his old fifteene marched vp to the Kings house where wee found foure or fiue men newly come with great Baskets Not long after came the King who with a strained cheerefulnesse held vs with discourse what paines he had taken to keepe his promise till M. Russell brought vs in newes that we were all betrayed for at least sixe or seuen hundred of well appointed Indians had inuironed the house and beset the fields The King coniecturing what Russell related wee could well perceiue how the extremitie of his feare bewrayed his intent whereat some of our company seeming dismayed with the thought of such a multitude the Captaine incouraged vs after thâ—s manner Worthy Country-men were the mischiefes of my seeming friends no more then the danger of these enemies I little cared were they as many more if you dare doe but as I. But this is my torment that if I escape them our malicious Councell with their open mouthed Minions will make me such a peace-breaker in their opinions in England as will breake my necke I could wish those here that make these seeme Saints and me an Oppressor But this is the worst of all wherein I pray aide me with your opinions should we begin with them and surprize this King we cannot keepe him and defend well our selues if wee should each kill our man and so proceed withall in this house the rest will all fly then shall we get no more then the bodies that are slaine and then starue for victuall as for their furie it is the least danger for well you know being alone assaulted with two or three hundred of them I made them compound to saue my life and we are now sixteene and they but seuen hundred at the most and assure your selues GOD will so assist vs that if you dare but to stand to discharge your Peeces the verie smoake will be sufficient to affright them yet howsoeuer if there be occasion let vs fight like men and not die like sheepe but first I will deale with them to bring it to passe we may fight for some thing and draw them to it by conditions If you like this motion promise me you le be valiant The time not permitting any argument all vowed to execute whatsoeuer he attempted or die whereupon the Captaine approaching the King bespoke him in this manner I see Opechancanough your plot is to murder me but I feare it not as yet your men and mine haue done no harme but by our directions Take therefore your Armes you see mine my bodie shall bee as naked as yours the I le in your Riuer is a fit place if you be contented and the conquerour of vs two shall be Lord and Master ouer all our men otherwaies draw all your men into the field if you haue not enough take time to fetch more and bring what number you will so euerie one bring a basket of Corne against all which I will stake the value in Copper you see I haue but fifteene men and our game shall be The conquerour take all The King being guarded with fiftie or sixtie of the chiefe men seemed kindly to appease Smiths suspition of vnkindnesse by a great present at the doore they intreated him to receiue This was to draw him without the doore where the present was guarded with at the least two hundred men and thirtie lying vnder a great tree that lay thwart as a Barricado each his Arrow nocked ready to shoot some the President commanded to go see what kind of deceit this was and to receiue the Present but they refused to doe it yet diuers offered whom he would not permit but commanding M. Persie and M. West to make good the-house to M. Powell and M. Beheathland to guard the doore and in such a rage snatched the King by his long locke of haire in the midst of his men with his Pistoll readie bent against his brest he instantly yeelded his Bow and Arrowes and sued for his life Thus he led the King neere dead with feare amongst all his people who deliuering the Captaine his Bow and arrowes all his men were easily intreated to cast downe their Armes little dreaming any durst in that manner haue vsed their King who then to escape himselfe bestowed his Presents in good sadnesse And hauing caused all his multitude to approach disarmed the President argued with them to this effect I see you Pamavnkies the great desire you haue to cut my throat and my long suffering your iniuries haue inboldned you to his presumption The cause I haue forborne your insolencies is the promise I made you before the God I serue to be your friend till you giue mee iust cause to bee your enemy If I keepe this vow my God will keepe me you cannot hurt me if I breake it he will destroy me But if you shoot but one Arrow to shed one drop of bloud of any of my men or steale the least of these Beades or Copper I spurne before me with my foot you shall see I will not cease reuenge if once I begin so long as I can heare where to find one of your Nation that will not deny the name of Pamavnke I am not now at Rasseneac halfe drown'd with mire where you tooke me prisoner yet then for keeping promise and your good vsage and sauing my life I so affect you that your denialls of your treacherie doth halfe perswade me to mistake my selfe But if I be the marke you aime at here I
on the Woods so as the fire might run halfe a mile or more before it were extinct Euery man in the Countrey was enioyned to set twelue Traps and some of their owne accord set neere a hundred which they visited twice or thrice in a night Wee trayned vp our Dogs to hunt them wherein they grew so expert that a good Dog in two or three houres space would kill fortie of fiftie Rats and other meanes we vsed to destroy them but could not preuaile finding them still to increase against vs. And this was the principall cause of that great distresse whereunto wee were driuen in the first planting of the Countrey for these deuouring the fruits of the earth kept vs destitute of bread a yeere or two so that when wee had it afterwardes againe wee were so weaned from it that wee should easily neglect and forget to eate it with our meat We were also destitute at that time of Boats and other prouision for fishing And moreouer Master Moore had receiued warning from England that hee should expect the Spaniard that yeere yet they came not but with two ships attempting to come in and hauing their Boat before them to sound the way were shot at by the said Master Moore from Kings Castle and as we supposed one of them stricken through wherevpon they presently departed But as I say this expectation of them caused vs though in great necessitie to hasten the fortifications of the Countrey All these ioyntly but principally the Rats were the causes of our distresse for being destitute of food many dyed and wee all became very feeble and weake whereof some being so would not others could not stir abroad to seeke reliefe but dyed in their houses such as went abroad were subiect through weaknesse to bee suddenly surprized with a disease we called the Feages which was neither paine nor sicknesse but as it were the highest degree of weaknesse depriuing vs of power and abilitie for the execution of any bodily exercise whether it were working walking or what else Being thus taken if there were any in company that could minister any reliefe they would straightwayes recouer otherwise they dyed there Yet many after a little rest would be able to walke again and then if they found any succour were saued About this time or immediately before came thither a company of Rauens which continued with vs all the time of this mortalitie and then departed There were not before that time nor since so far as I heare any more of them seene there And this with some other reasons of more moment moued many to thinke that there was some other Ilands neere the Sommer Ilands betweene Uirginia and it and M. Moore in his time with some other of vs went forth in a Boat so far as then wee could conuemently of purpose to discouer it Since then it hath beene endeauoured by other and is yet as I heare to be further attempted And howsoeuer I am perswaded for certaine causes which I cannot here relate there is no such thing Yet would I not disanimate any from this enterprise for if they find any their labours will be well recompenced and though they find none yet might they discouer those parts so well that the passage to and from Virginia would be more safe and easie But to returne from whence wee haue digressed The extremitie of our distresse began to abate a little before M. Moores time of gouernment was expired partly by supplies out of England of victualland prouision for fishing and partly by that rest and libertie we then obtained the Countrey being fortified Yet the Rats encreased and continued almost to the end of Captaine Tuckers time although hee was prouident and industrious to destroy them but toward the end of his time it pleased God by what meanes it is not wel known to take them away insomuch that the wilde Cats and many Dogs which liued on them were famished and many of them leauing the Woods came downe to the houses and to such places where they vse to garbish their Fish and became tame Some haue attributed this destruction of them to the encrease of wild Cats but that 's not likely they should be so suddenly encreased rather at that time then in the foure yeeres before And the chiefe occasion of this supposition was because they saw such companies of them leaue the Woods and shew themselues for want of food Others haue supposed it to come to passe by the coolnesse of the weather which notwithstanding is neuer so great there as with vs in March nor scarce as it is in April except it be in the wind besides the Rats wanted not feathers of young Birds and Chickens which they daily killed and of Palmeto Mosse as wee call it to build themselues warme nests out of the wind as vsually they did Neither doth it appeare that the cold was so mortall to them seeing they would ordinarily swim from place to place and be very fat euen in the midst of Winter It remaineth then that as we know God doth sometimes effect his will without subordinate and secondary causes and sometimes against them So wee need not doubt but that in the speedy encrease and spreading of these Vermine as also in the preseruation of so many of vs by such weake meanes as we then enioyed and especially in the sudden remouall of this great annoyance there was ioyned with and besides the ordinary and manifest meanes a more immediate and secret worke of God Now to proceed M. Moores time of gouernment being expired Capt. Tucker succeeded arriuing there about mid-May 1616. who likewise gouerned according to the custome three yeeres which time hee spent for the most part in husbandring the Countrey planting and nourishing all such things as were found fit either for trade or for the sustentation and vse of the Inhabitants wherein hee trauelled with much diligence and good successe sending to some parts of the Indies for Plants and Fruâ—ts hee also adâ—ed to the Fortifications and made some Inclosures In his time viz. in the yeere 1617. was sent a Ship and prouision with men of skill for the killing of Whales but they arriued there too late to wit about the midst of April so that before they could make ready their Shallops and fit themselues the principall season for Whale-fishing was past For the Whale come thither in Ianuary and depart againe toward the latter end of May Yet they strook some but found them so liuely swift fierce after they were stricken that they could take none They yeeld great store of Oyle as appeared by one that draue to shoare on Sommerset Iland in Sandys Tribe and by another that we found not far from thence dead vpon a Rocke I also receiued by Captaine Tucker directions from the Aduenturers to diuide the Countrey and to assigne to each Aduenturer his shares or portion of Land and withall a description with notes touching the manner how they
Port Royall where his Boate was split presently in peeces and he made shift to climbe so steepe a Rocke by night as would haue troubled the strongest man in 〈…〉 le to haue done by day He discerned in the morning where he was and without other refreshing then water which he tooke temperately or might else haue drunk his last he got in halfe a day to a friends house He was liuing Anno 1622. Some treasure in Dollers to the value of twentie pounds was found the remainder of some Wrack The Company sent M. Daniel Tucker to be Gouernour hee set saile in the George accompanied with the Edwin some preparation was made to resist but he at last was receiued and acknowledged in May 1616. Somewhat hee had to doe to bring them to their workes which yet he effected their day worke till nine in the morning and then staying till three in the afternoone they began againe continuing till sun-set Besides meat drinke and clothes they had for a time a certaine kind of brasse Money with a Hog on the one side in memory of the Hogs there found at first landing Hee by Master Richard Norwoods helpe laid out the eight Tribes in the Mayne which were to consist of fiftie shares to a Tribe each share twentie fiue Acres He began to plant some of the Colony on speciall shares and appointed Bailiffes to each Tribe Hee held a generall Assise in his second moneth at Saint Georges where for sedition Iohn Wood a Frenchman was hanged He sent the Edwin to Trade with the Natiues of the West Indies for Cattel Corne Plants which had it been continued might happily haue bin more beneficiall to the Plantation then the Magazines from hence She returned with Figs Pines Sugar-canes Plantans Papawes and diuers other plants which were presently replanted and since haue increased by the Gouernours commendable husbandry Seuerity by the conceit thereof produced an admirable fact Fiue men which could by no meanes get passage for England resolued to aduenture an escape viz. Richard Sander Mariner chiefe plotter William Goodwin a Ship Carpenter Tho. Harison a Ioyner Iames Baker Gentleman and Henry Puet These insinuated to the Gouernour that they would build him a Boat of two or three Tuns with a close Deck fit to fish in all weathers Hee glad to see them so obsequious furnished them with necessaries whatsoeuer they could desire Shee was fitted and gone the euening before hee sent for her to see as was reported how shee could saile This was most true and Botelias his aduenture from Goa in the East Indies to Lisbon was not so admirable a triall Barker had borrowed a Compasse Diall of M. Hughes leauing a Letter to him to haue patience for that losse whereby their aduenture was intimated The Gouernours threats were not in that remotenesse so terrible as the two present swelling Elements whom yet they found more gentle then a French Pickaroone who in stead of succour which they desired tooke from them what they liked leaning them not so much as a Crosse-staffe to obserue with and so cast them off They continued their course till their victuall began to faile and the knees of their Boat were halfe hewed away for fire wood They at last arriued in Ireland where the Earle of Tomund entertained them and caused the Boat to be hanged vp for a Monument hauing sayled 3300. miles thorow the Ocean by a right line without sight of any Land This fortunate Sanders in the rifling of a Ship taken in the East Indies bought a Chest for three or foure shillings but would for want of a Key haue sold it againe for lesse But one day hauing little to doe hee broke it open and found therein 1000. pounds sterling or so much gold as bought him in England a good estate which leauing with his wife he returned againe to the East Indies The Company sent Captaine Powell in the Hopewell after he had landed his passengers in Summer Iles to trade in the Indies who by the way fell foule on a Brasillman and afterwards a Frenchman on him but hee got safe to the Ilands and told what he had done The Gouernour kept his second Assize and made a proclamation against the killing of coheires Powell is againe sent to the West Indies from thence with thirteene or fourteene men Hee made triall but in vaine for the Whale-fishing for which and to which purpose the Company soone after sent the Neptune In the beginning of his second yeere he called the third azise in which one was hanged two others condemned but reprieued The Rat Tragedy was now terrible some Fishes haue been taken with Rats in their bellies catched as they swam from I le to I le One Henry Long with sixe others being on fishing a sudden storm arose with terrible thunder and the Boat was tossed ouer the Rocks the fiâ—h tossed ouer-boord and Long with two others escaped the rest drowned one of the three being demanded what he thought in the present perill answered hee said nothing but Gallowes claime thy right which within halfe a yeere fell out accordingly Powell returned with three Frigats laden with Meale Hides and Munition The Master and Gouernour contending both were dispossessed by a stronger power Waters with twelue men were sent to Virginia and would no more returne to Summers Iles. A. 1618. arriued there the Diana with men and prouision and the first Magazine a course I heare not much applauded by the Planters here or in Virginia the companies honest care seeming by some others dishonestie frustrate This Ship fraught with 30000. weight of Tobacco gaue by the good sayle thereof encouragement to the Aduenturers The Gouernour building a house of Cedar in the best Land appropriated it to himselfe to the griefe of others there of whom Master Hughes could not by threats nor imprisonment be so pacified but that here to the Company hee approued his cause Two men and a Gentlewomen thinking to make their escape in a Boat to Virginia were neuer heard of after Sixe others attempted the like but were apprehended araigned condemned and one of them hanged The Gouernours hard dealings so much complained of caused him in the Blessing to returne to excuse himselfe and to get that house assured him leauing Captaine Kendall to supply his place The Gilli-flower and the Treasurer were sent By the Sea-flower which went to Virginia a Preacher was sent to the Ilands and newes of a new Gouernour Captaine Kerby came in with a small Barke from the West Indies A Dutch Frigot was cost away on the Westerne shoare the people saued by the English Captaine Butler the new Gouernour arriued in the Warwicke the twentieth of October 1619. The Redoubt a platforme of the Kings Castle at the same time whiles the New Gouernour and old Planters were feasting aboord accidentally was consumed with fire The next month came in the Garland which had come
Christian Princes he vseth to preuent abuses to maintaine Ecclesiasticall discipline For asmuch as Henry the Eight late King of England a Rebell and forsaker of the Sea Apostolike separated himselfe and his from the communion of Christians by force and Elizabeth the present Vsurper perseuereth therein not without great commotion and danger of the Neighbour Regions shewing her selfe obstinate and impenitent so that there is no hope that those Kingdomes may at any time be reformed and reduced to the exercise of Christian Religion true peace and quietnesse except shee be depriued of the administration of the Kingdome Therefore our most holy Father desiring as his Office requireth to prouide for this euill with present and strong remedies inspired to him from God to the health of the vniuersall Church incited as well by his owne as his predecessors affection and zeale alway borne toward England and moued by the continuall sollicitation vehement and importunate exhortation of very many and those principall men of the said Nation hee hath vsed great diligence with diuers Princes and especially with the Mightie and Catholike King of Spaine imploring his aide hereunto by the reuerence which hee beareth the Roman Sea by the old friendship and consanguinitie which his Family hath had with the Kings of England by his singular charitie and beneuolence formerly shewed to the Catholikes of that Countrey for obtaining by that meanes his desire of peace and quietnesse in his Neighbour Prouinces for his studie and readinesse towards the propagation of Catholike Religion and lastly for the furtherance of the common good of Europe hath besought him to confer all the Forces which God almightie hath giuen him hereunto that that Woman may bee deiected from her degree and that the euill men and hurtfull to mankind which adhere to her may be punished and that Kingdome may bee reduced to certaine reformation and quietnesse from which great good and many commodities to the Common-wealth might be to be expected Wherefore that bee might make knowns to all the world the Iustice of this Cause and the Subiects also of that Kingdome might fully he satisfied likewise that hee might denounce the iust iudgement of God against her It hath seemed meet to his Holinesse with the Declaratory Sentence made against this Woman to shew the cause also why he had so proceeded against her First because shee is an Heretike and Schismatike and therefore excommunicated of two Popes his predecessors contumacious disobedient to God and the supreme Sea Also shee tooke to her selfe with presumptious vsurpation supreme Authoritie and Ecclesiasticall iurisdiction ouer the Soules of Men against Nature Reason against all Lawes Diuine and Humane and that as well by vertue of the sentences giuen by Clement the Seuenth and Paul the Third as of the publike declaration of King Henry her Father Thirdly because shee vsurped the Kingdome against all right not onely in regard of the impediments aforesaid but also against the old Contracts in times past made betwixt the Sea Apostolike and the Kingdome of England in the time of Henry the Second when the said Kingdome reconciled if selfe to the Roman Sea for the murther of Saint Thomas of Canturbury At which time it was agreed that none should bee taken for lawfull King of England without consent of the Great Bishop which conuention or contract was after renewed by King Iohn and confirmed by Oath Which thing was most profitable and so established by the request of the Nobilitie and People For many and grieuous iniuries extorsions and other wrongs perpetrated by her and by others through her permission against the distressed innocent Subiects of both Kingdomes For seditions and rebellions betwixt the Inhabitants of neighbour Prouinces raised against their lawful Magistrate and naturall Prince by which shee seduced innumerable Soules and many potent Regions For entertainment giuen to Fugitiue Heretikes and Rebells wicked and publike malefactors and vndertaking their protection to the great losse and detriment of Christian Regions Also for sending to and procuring the Turke that our mightie and cruell Enemy to inuade Christendome and disturbe the setled Peace For the horrible and long persecution of the Saints of God for holy B B. ill handled spoyled imprisoned and diuers torments and miserable tortures and slaughters done to the members of the holy and Catholike Church For the inhumane and vniust imprisonment and crueltie lately exercised against the most gracions Princesse Mary Queene of Scotland which had fled into England hauing first receiued promise of securitie pretection and aide For abolishing the true Catholike Religion the profanation of holy Sacraments also of Monasteries Temples Persons consecrated to the memory of Saints and all other things which make or may help to eternall life And concerning Secular affaires and the State politike for that the ancient Nobilitie being reiected and excluded shee hath promoted obscure and vnworthy men to Ciuill and Ecclesiasticall dignities and by this meanes hath made a sale of Lawes and Rights and lastly for the absolute tyranny which shee vsurpeth and continually exerciseth to the great contempt of God oppression of the miserable People the losse of Soules and destruction of Countries Wherefore seeing those offences are of that nature and moment that some make her vncapable of the kingdome others make her vnworthy of life his Holinesse by the power of Almightie God and of Apostolicall authoritie committed to him doth renew the sentence of his predecessors Pius the Fifth and Gregory the Thirteenth whereby the said Elizabeth is excommunicated and depriued of her Kingdome And now by these present Letters the same Elizabeth againe excommunicateth and depriueth of all Royall Dignitie Titles Rights and pretences to the said Kingdomes of England and Ireland declaring her illegitimate and a true Usurper of the Kingdomes and absoluing the Subiects of that Land and all others from all dutie of Dominion Fidelitie and Obedience and from the Oath giuen to her or to any of her substitutes Further expresly commanding vnder paine of the anger of God Almightie that none of whatsoeuer condition or degree after hee shall haue notice hereof doe presume to yeeld her any obedience fauour or ayde whatsoeuer but that all may imploy all their power and indenour that due punishment may be taken of her that shee at length which hath separated her selfe by many wayes from God and his Church seeing her selfe for saken and destitute of all worldly refuge may be brought to acknowledge her fault and to subiect her selfe to the iudgement of the most High with all submission And therefore commands all and euery the Inhabitants of the said Kingdomes and all others that with all their power they execute the premisses withdrawing all helpe publike and priuate from the said person and her adherents and that as soone as they shall be hereof certisied they ioyne themselues to the Catholike
moued with the renoune and celebritie of his name with one consent yeelded themselues and found him very fauourable vnto them Then Ualdez with forty or fiftie Noblemen and Gentlemen pertaining vnto him came on boord Sir Francis Drakes ship The residue of his company were carried vnto Plimmouth where they were detained a yeere and an halfe for their ransome Valdez comming vnto Drake and humbly kissing his hand protesting vnto him that he and his had resolued to die in battell had they not by good fortune fallen into his power whom they knew to be right curteous and gentle and whom they had heard by generall report to be most fauourable vnto his vanquished foe insomuch that he said it was to be doubted whether his enemy had more cause to admire and loue him for his great valiant and prosperous exploits or to dread him for his singular felicity and wisdome which euer attended vpon him in the wars and by the which he had attained vnto so great honor With that Drake embraced him and gaue him very honorable entertainment feeding him at his owne table and lodging him in his Cabbin Here Valdez began to recount vnto Drake the forces of all the Spanish Fleete and how foure mighty Gallies were separated by tempest from them and also how they were determined first to haue put into Plimmouth hauen not expecting to be repelled thence by the English ships which they thought could by no meanes withstand their impregnable forces perswading themselues that by meanes of their huge Fleete they were become Lords and commanders of the maine Ocean For which cause they marueiled much how the Englishmen in their small Ships durst approach within musket shot of the Spaniards mighty wodden Castles gathering the wind of them with many other such like attempts Immediately after Valdez and his Company being a man of principall authority in the Spanish Fleet and being descended of one and the same family with that Valdez which in the yeere 1574. besieged Leiden in Holland were sent captiues into England There were in the said ship 55. thousand Duckets in ready monie of the Spanish Kings gold which the souldiers merrily shared among themselues The same day was set on sire one of their greatest ships being Admirall of the squadron of Guipusco and being the ship of Michael de Oquendo Vice-admirall of the whole Fleete which contained great store of Gunpowder and other warlike prouision The vpper part onely of this ship was burnt and all the persons therein contained except a very few were consumed with fire And thereupon it was taken by the English and brought into England with a number of miserable burnt and scorched Spaniards Howbeit the Gunpowder to the great admiration of all men remained whole and vnconsumed In the meane season the Lord Admirall of England in his ship called the Arke-royall all that night pursued the Spaniards so neere that in the morning hee was almost left alone in the enemies Fleete and it was foure of the clocke at afternoone before the residue of the English Fleete could ouertake him At the same time Hugo de Moncada Gouernour of the foure Galliasses made humble suite vnto the Duke of Medina that hee might be licenced to encounter the Admirall of England which liberty the Duke thought not good to permit vnto him because he was loath to exceede the limits of his Commission and charge Vpon tuesday which was the 23. of Iuly the Nauy being come ouer against Portland the wind began to turne Northerly insomuch that the Spaniards had a fortunate and fit gale to inuade the English But the Englishmen hauing lesser and nimbler ships recouered againe the vantage of the winde from the Spaniards whereat the Spaniards seemed to be more incensed to fight then before But when the English fleet had continually and without intermission from morning to night beaten and battered them with all their shot both great and small the Spaniards vniting themselues gathered their whole Fleete close together into a roundell so that it was apparant that they ment not as yet to inuade others but onely to defend themselues to make haste vnto the place prescribed vnto them which was neere vnto Dunkerk that they might ioyne forces with the Duke of Parma who was determined to haue proceeded secretly with his small ships vnder the shadow and protection of the great ones and so had intended circumspectly to performe the whole expedition This was the most furious and bloudy skirmish of all in which the Lord Admirall of England continued fighting amidst his enemies Fleete and seeing one of his Captaines a farre off he spake vnto him in these words Oh George what doest thou Wilt thou now furstrate my hope and opinion conceiued of thee Wilt thou forsake mee now With which words hee being enflamed approached forthwith encountered the enemy and did the part of a most valiant Captaine His name was George Fenner a man that had beene conuersant in many Sea-fights In this conflict there was a certaine great Uenetian ship with other small ships surprized and taken by the English The English Nauy in the meane while increased whereunto out of all Hauens of the Realme resorted ships and men for they all with one accord came flocking thither as vnto a set field where immortall fame and glory was to be attained and faithfull seruice to be performed vnto their Prince and Countrey In which number there were many great and honorable personages as namely the Earle of Oxford of Northumberland of Cumberland c. with many Knights and Gentlemen to wit Sir Thomas Cecill Sir Robert Cecill Sir Walter Raleigh Sir William Hatton Sir Horatio Palauicini Sir Henry Brooke Sir Robert Carew Sir Charles Blunt Master Ambrose Willoughbie Master Henry Nowell Master Thomas Gerard Master Henry Dudley Master Edward Darcie Master Arthur Gorge Master Thomas Woodhouse M. William Haruie c. And so it came to passe that the number of the English ships amounted vnto an hundreth which when they were come before Douer were increased to an hundred and thirty being not withstanding of no proportionable bignesse to encounter with the Spaniards except two or three and twnety of the Queenes greater ships which onely by reason of their presence bred an opinion in the Spaniards minds concerning the power of the English Fleet the Marriners and Souldiers whereof were esteemed to be twelue thousand The foure and twentie of Iuly when as the Sea was calme and no winde stirring the fight was onely betweene the foure great Galleasses and the English ships which being rowed with Oares had great vantage of the English ships which not withstanding for all that would not be forced to yeelde but discharged their chaine-shot to cut a sunder their Cables and Cordage of the Galleasses with many other such Stratagems They were now constrained to send their men on land for a new supply of Gunpowder whereof they were in great scarcitie
by reason they had so frankly spent the greater part in the former conflicts The same day a Counsell being assembled it was decreed that the English Fleete should be deuided into foure squadrons the principall whereof was committed vnto the Lord Admirall the second to Sir Francis Drake the third to Captaine Hawkins the fourth to Captaine Frobisher The Spaniards in their sailing obserued very diligent and good order sailing three and foure and sometimes more ships in a ranke and following close vp one after another and the stronger and greater ships protecting the lesser The fiue and twenty of Iuly when the Spaniards were come ouer-against the Isle of Wight the Lord admirall of England being accompanied with his best ships namely the Lion Captaine whereof was the Lord Thomas Howard The Elizabeth Ionas vnder the command of Sir Robert Southwell son in law vnto the Lord Admirall the Beare vnder the Lord Sheffield Nephew vnto the Lord Admirall the Victorie vnder Captaine Barker and the Galeon Leicester vnder the forenamed Captain George Fenner with great valour and dreadfull thunder of shot encountered the Spanish Admirall being in the very midst of all his Fleete Which when the Spaniards perceiued being assisted with his strongest ships he came forth and entered a terrible combat with the English for they bestowed each on other the broad sides and mutually discharged all their Ordnance being within one hundred or an hundred and twenty yards one of another At length the Spaniards hoised vp their failes and againe gathered themselues vp close into the forme of a roundell In the meane while Captaine Frobisher had engaged himselfe into a most dangerous conflict Whereupon the Lord Admirall comming to succour him found that hee had valiantly and discreetly behaued himselfe and that he had wisely and in good time giuen ouer the fight because that after so great a batterie he had sustained no damage For which cause the day following being the sixe and twenty of Ioly the Lord Admirall rewarded him with the order of Knighthood together with the Lord Thomas Howard the Lord Sheffield Master Iohn Hawkins and others The same day the Lord Admirall receiued intelligence from New-hauen in France by certaine of his Pinnaces that all things were quit in France and that there was no preparation of sending aide vnto the Spaniards which was greatly feared from the Guisian faction and from the Leaguers but there was a false rumour spread all about that the Spaniards had conquered England The seuen and twentieth of Iuly the Spaniards about the sun-setting were come ouer-against Douer and rode at ancre within the sight of Caleis intending to hold on for Dunkerk expecting there to ioyne with the Duke of Parma his forces without which they were able to doe little or nothing Likewise the English Fleete following vp hard vpon them ancred iust by them within culuering-shot And here the Lord Henry Seymer vnited himselfe vnto the Lord Admirall with his fleet of 30. ships which rode before the mouth of Thames As the Spanish Nauie therefore lay at ancre the Duke of Medina sent certaine Messengers vnto the Duke of Parma with whom vpon that occasion many Noblemen and Gentlemen went to refresh themselues on land and amongst the rest the Prince of Ascoli being accounted the Kings base son and a very proper and towardly yong Gentleman to his great good went on shoare who was by so much the more fortunate in that he had not opportunity to returne on boord the same ship out of which he was departed because that in returning home it was cast away vpon the Irish coast withall the persons contained therein The Duke of Parma being aduertised of the Spanish Fleetes arriuall vpon the coast of England made all the haste hee could to be present himselfe in this expedition for the performance of his charge vainely perswading himselfe that now by the meanes of Cardinall Allen hee should be crowned King of England and for that cause he had resigned the Gouernment of the Low-Countries vnto Count Mansfeld the elder And hauing made his vowes vnto Saint Mary of Hall in Heâ—ault whom he went to visite for hisblinde deuotions sake he returned toward Bruges the eight and twenty of Iuly The next day trauelling to Dunkerk hee heard the thundring Ordnance of either Fleete and the same euening being come to Dixmud hee was giuen to vnderstand the hard successe of the Spanish Fleete Vpon tuesday which was the 13. of Iuly about high noone he came to Dunkerk when as all the Spanish Fleete was now passed by neither durst any of his ships in the meane space come forth to assist the said Spanish Fleet for feare of fiue and thirty warlike ships of Holland and Zeland which there kept watch and ward vnder the conduct of the Admirall Iustin of Nassau The foresaid fiue and thirty ships were furnished with most cunning Mariners and old expert Souldiers amongst the which were twelue hundred Musketeers whom the States had chosen out of all their Garrisons and whom they knew to haue beene heretofore experienced in Sea-fights This Nauie was giuen especially in charge not to suffer any ship to come out of the Hauen nor to permit any Zabraes Pataches or other small vessels of the Spanish Fleete which were more likely to aide the Dunkerkers to enter thereinto for the greater ships were not to be feared by reason of the shallow Sea in that place Howbeit the Prince of Parma his forces being as yet vnready were not come on boord his ships onely the English Fugitiues being seuen hundred in number vnder the conduct of Sir William Stanley came in fit time to haue beene embarked because they hoped to giue the first assault against England The residue shewed themselues vnwilling and loath to depart because they saw but a few Marriners who were by constraint drawne into this expedition and also because they had very bare prouision of Bread Drinke and other necessary victuals Moreouer the ships of Holland and Zeland stood continually in their sight threatning shot and Powder and many inconueniences vnto them for feare of which ships the Mariners and Sea-men secretly withdrew themselues both day and night least that the Duke of Parma his Souldiers should compell them by maine force to goe on boord and to breake through the Hollanders Fleete which all of them iudged to be impossible by reason of the straightnesse of the Hauen But it seemeth that the Duke of Parma and the Spaniards grounded vpon a vaine and presumptuous expectation that all the ships of England and of the Low-Countries would at the first sight of the Spanish and Dunkerk Nauie haue betaken themselues to flight yeelding them Sea-roome and endeuouring onely to defend themselues their hauens and Sea-coasts from inuasion Wherefore their intent and purpose was that the Duke of Parma in his small and flat-bottomed ships should as it were vnder the shadow and
eight hundred thousand inhabitants made away by Spanish cruelty the women there were murdered which the Indians thought great cowardise 1575 1576 Tetitlan a Prouinâ—e in New Spain 1559 Teulnicham-Prouince 1559 Tharletons perfidie 1382 1383 Testogos a place so called 1242 Tetattecoumoynetto a towne of the Charibes neere the riuer Marwin in America 1285 Thefts basenesse 1153 Theft seuerely punished by the Indians 1870 Theft punished in the English army 1921 Thimogoa Inhahitants of Florida 1604 Thirst in great extremity 1505. Thirst breeding faintnesse and death 1686 Thirty sayle of Ships sent to fit ther the plantation in New England 1832 Thought slayeth a man 1878 St Thomas fabled by the Indians to preach to their ancestors his Chappell and miracle 1219 Three Spanish ships taken by the English Admirall 1960 Three Armadaes of the King of Spaine cast away on the shoald called Osca copos or Catch-chops 1836 Three Spanish ships surprised by the English 1908 Thunders strange effects 1405 Thunders horrid and predigious in the Bermudas 1738 Thunderbolts frequent in the Indies they often cleane great trees 150â— Tiembos fierce and populous Indians neere the riuer of Plate their nature fashion description 1349 Tiguez a Prouince in America 1561 Tillage more necessary then mynes for a new Plantation 1631 Timimino Indians consumed by the Portingals in Brasile 1298 Tipi Indians in Brasile that fight with venomed arrowes 1299 Titicaca an Iland in Peru of infinite riches their precious Temple worship and conceit of the Sunne 1465 Tiuitinas Inhabitants neere Orenoco two sorts of them 1247 1285 Toads and Frogs eaten 1214 1229 1230 1327 The Toad fish 1315 Toalli a Floridan towne and its description its inhabitants and their disposition 1536 Tobaccoes first bringers in vse 1182. Tobacco 1228 1230 1264 1271. Tobacco saue mens liues 1258. Tobacco store 1276 1277. its effects in Physicke and abuse its name of the Holy herbe and the manner how the Indians drinke it 1311. how they blow it in canes one on another to encrease valour 1238. a strange kind of tobacco 1392. Tobacco not profitable in New England the cause why 1871. Tobacco pipe of a Lobsters claw 1662. Tobacco of Virginia how disparaged by Tobacco-mongers 1775 Tobacco worth to Spaine 100000 pound yearly 1821 Tobosos Indians 1561 Tobyas Bay in the Straits of Magellane 1205 1388 Tockwhogh riuer in Virginia 1694 Tocaste towne in America 1531 Tocoman a place in the Indies inhabited by Pigmies 1231. t is esteemed to be the vttâ—rmost part of Brasile where it ioynes to Peru ibid. 1242 Tocoya a towne in the Indies 1258 Tocuâ— a place of America fertile with gold 1419 Tolisbay straits 1233 Tohanna Indians so called 1363 Tonola a prouince in New Spaine 1558 Tomomimos Sauages so called 1217. they liue at Moregoge their townes and warres with the Portingals 1227 Tooth ache cured 1308 Toâ—ira an Indian prouince abounding with gold and emeraulds armour made of siluer the inhabitants worship birds and hearbes they sacrifice to a serpent 1560 Tortoyse its description in Bermudas it liues 24 houres after its head is off 1800 a Tortoyse with 700 egges in his belly taken and eaten 1255. they lay two or three hundred egges at once 1314 Tortoyse nor fish nor flesh 1741 Topinan bazes Sauages like the Petiuares their caruing haire singing 1227. Vide Petiuares Toupin Indians neere the riuer Ienero 1347 Trauelling very easie and strange for a small vallew in the Indies 1242. Trauell-direction in the Indies 1285. more directions for trauell 1286. Trauelling in hot water 1359 A Tree that yeeldeth the inhabitants most of the water they haue 1370 Trees their nature and abundance in Dominica 1158. T 〈…〉 es strange and vnknowne in Port-Ricco 1165. Trees that beare buds greene fruit and ripe fruit with seeds all together 1173. Trees hauing the sense of feeling 1280. Trees good against bruiseâ— and distilling Balsome 1239 trees of exceeding hard wood exceeding great 1256. Trees that haue alwayes greene leaues that beare fruit twice in a yeare called Mangaba trees flowing with milk that might serue for hara Waxe called Marveâ—ge Trees that cause thâ—ir fruit being eaten teeth to fall Trees whose fruit makes haire fall their strange nature and severall names in Brasile 1307 1308 1309. Trees that serue to cure greene wounds having good Balme 1308. For the Colicke for the bloody Fluxe for cold diseases for the Poxe for the Toothake ibid. Trees fruit that killeth any fish in the water that change leaues euery moneth that make Inke that hath in it a riuer of water such strangenesse of trees seâ— 1309. and their names ibid. Trees in Salt-water 1316. vide Plant. â—ase Treacherie in an Irishman 1200. man Englishman 1â—20 Whose miserable end 1221. In a Savage 1251. In the Indians 1256 1258. To themselues 1361. Treachâ—râ—e the losse of a voyage 1â—83 Treacâ—erie in the Indians 1392. vide P 〈…〉 fidie Triana a towne taken and fired by Capt. Parker 1244 Trinity I le pestered with Spanish cruelty and robbea of inhabitants 1584 1585 Trinity harbour Ahanan in the New-found Land 1882 Tripassey a harbour commodious and temperate in the latitude of 46 degrees 1885 Trinidada 1186. the Indians there haue 4 names their commanders now called Captaines inhabited by the Spaniards 1247 Trinity a hauen in Cuba 1500 Trugillo the vtmost towne of the Prouince Valenzuola in America 1419 Truxillo a place in America 1399 Triumphall Uerses of the English deliuerie in 88 1912 Cap Tuberone 11â—6 Tuberones the name of Dog-fish by the Portingals 1209 Tucana a bird like a Pye with a bill a span long very big 1306 Tucanucu Sauage Brasilians 1299 Tuccaman a towne in the river of Plate 230 miles from the entrance its fruitfulnesse its want of gold 1141 Tuckers-terror a shoale on the coast of Uirginia 1648 Capt. Tucker gouernour of the plantation in the Bermudas his acts there 1803 Tulahe a fruitfull country neere Guiana 1248 Tulla a place in Florida 1550 Tullumuchase a great Towne in Florida 1541 Tu'u a place inhabited by the Spaniards neere Cartagena its force 1419 Tumbez a plaine country in Peru 1444. its inhabitants are vitious and luxurious people that idolize Tygers and Lyons 1480 Tune a fruit in Florida on which onely the inhabitants liue three moneths in a yeare 1511 Tunsteroito a towne of Sauages in the West Indies 1285 Tunza a place in America 1419 Tupiguae Brasilians deuoured by the slauery of the Portingals 1298 Tupinaba Indians so called 1298 Tupinaquin Indians inhabiting Brasile 1298 Tuppac Inca Yupanqui Emperor sometime of Peru his valiant acts and attempts conquests and enlarging his Empire ciuilizing many sauage nations his progeny death and successor 1478 1479 Tuppan Bass Sauages so called neere Brasile 1188. their mirth habit life and lodging ibid. Tupac Amaru heire to the Empire of Peru falsly accused and cruelly executed by the Spanish Uiceroy 1488. his well deserued issue ibid. Tupan-boyera a place inhabited by Canibals in Brasile 1227. the Portingals call it Organes ibid. Tupijo Brasilian
in a golden Countrie Cristall mountaine Vault-straits Tamoyes proper men Store of gold His iourney with the Sages Tocoman Pigmeys dwelling in Caues Riuer running to Chile Mountaines of a 〈…〉 Mettals The Caryiohs A youth 13. spans high Chile Giants habitlesse habit Port â—amine in the Sâ—râ—its of Magelan Wide mouthed men Extreame cold and naked people Harris the Goldâ—mith H. Barrawell Beasts bigger then Horses at the Mâ—gellan stâ—aiâ—s called Tapeâ—ywason in Ethiopia whether he meaneth Zebra or Dantecâ— see Tom. 1. p. 1002. Of Angola to which he fled cut of Brasil as is before deliliuered The Kings pompe Rites of the people The Countrie Wezels sâ—iâ— affected Branded beguiled slaues Taking of Elephants Circumcision Of Congo The King Masangana See Tom. 1. l. 7. c. 3. And. Battell liued here sixe yeeres Sickly disposition of the place Gold Paul Di 〈…〉 Angica Anzicans valiant Of Mahometan Religion if the Author were not deceiued by occasion of their circumcision which in Africa is common to Christians and Ethnicks with Mahumetans Rio Grande Ambergreese Para 〈…〉 〈◊〉 Riuers A Riuer called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 â—â—an 〈…〉 Sir 〈◊〉 â—â—wly The description of a place called by the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 â—â—â—nâ—mbuqâ—o and 〈◊〉 Citie o◠〈◊〉 Cape of Saint Augustine Iâ— of S. Aleyxo Porto Docaloâ— Riuer of stones Camaryiâ—â—â— The Riuer of Saint Antoniâ— Salt Fish Varâ—â—â— A place called the Harbour of Frenchmen Riuer called Iaquareasicke Alaqua Riuer of Saint Michael The Harbour called The Riuer of Toades R. Saquarâ—ma Etiâ—ca Pirâ—teninga M 〈…〉 mayd â—een by the Author The Riuer of Ienero and Ci 〈…〉 oâ— Saint Sebastian Iland of Brigalion Iland of Saint Bent. The Riuer câ—lled Waratiâ—â— Certaine Ilands called by tâ—e 〈◊〉 gr 〈…〉 Greaâ— Ilaâ—â— The Iland of 〈◊〉 Sebastian The descripti 〈…〉 oâ— S. Vin 〈…〉 s Saâ—tos The description of the third 〈◊〉 noâ— called by the Pâ—â—tugals Oâ— patoâ— and by the Indianâ— Vâ—â—son The description of the Riuer of Plate Note Beasts of Brasil Traueil by Compasse on sands Saint Michaels Brasill Iesuits Sauages friends Ciants Flat heads Strange Kine See before in Ouiedo Strange Serpent * â—his number may perhaps seeme incredible and iustlâ— vethâ—e tels the report which in some one yeere after some great battle may also be probable but the general report is of diuers thousands shipped thence yeerly the Portugals making their gaine by the Negroes foolish and spightfull wars vpon each other Pinnaffes lost in a Ternado Iles of Cape Verde The I le and Towne of S. Vincent 〈◊〉 The Raâ—chera in Cubagua wâ—â—h diuers 〈…〉 oners taken and ransomed A great ship with 〈◊〉 Negros taken Las Cabâ—zas They take sixe or seuen people of the Iles of Bastimentos R. of Puerto bello The great Castle of S. Philippe with 25. pieces of brasse and 50. Souldiers The Towne Triana Porto bello Pedro Melendes Melendes the Gouernour taken prisoner Braue spirit liberall minde of Captaine Parker Porto bello described He at 〈…〉 ineth from 〈…〉 tting the Towne of Porto bello on fire Two Frigats taken and brought away Their departure Sir Fr. 〈◊〉 buriall Sambo Virtuâ— in 〈◊〉 laudanda Grand Canarie Punta delaraya S. Vincents â—oinara Aruba Seuen men killed Puntal Bracheo Cape Caldera Morecapana M. S. Ann. Portete Cape S. Antony Organes Cuba Cobey Martyrs Cape of Florida Silley The Riuer of Capuri The Gulfe of Guanipa The Riuer Amana Orenoco Tiuitiuas The Riuer Macurio Toparimaca a Gouernour Arwacan Carapana lyeth in the Prouince of Emeria 〈◊〉 Iland Iwana Iland Arrarooâ—ana Europa Riuer Ocawitâ— Iland Morrequito Arromaia Putapaima Iland Oâ—â—â—â—e The Playnes of Samia Cumana Aroami Iland Aio Iland Manoripano A omaio Th Riuer Caroli Cassipagotos Morâ—equito â—aâ—â—ma Iland Epuremi Great Fall Caâ—uri Store of gold among the Epuremians Casâ—ipagotos Eâ—arâ—â—oâ—os Arawagotos Store of gold beyond the Mountaines of Curaa Store of gold Riuer Arui Riuer Cassipa Riuer Atoica Riuer Caora Riuer Casnero Amapaia The Riuâ—rs Cari Limo Paoo Caturi Voari Capuri The Prouince of Amapaia Bad water Guicar Goauar Papemena The Iland of Amazones The Iland Athul Riuer Vbra Eregoodawe Oromona Tapiawary Riuer Salma Papemena a great Riuer Athul a most sweet pleasant Iland He returneth from Athul Papemena Limo Orenoco Cosnero Riuer Amapaia Paoo Riuer The rich countrie of Curaa six weekes trauell from Orenoco Manoa Gold in abundance Gold in grains found in Riuers Crocodiles in the Riuer and worse on land keepers of gold Tulahe Bad pearles Top asses Camalaha Women-Faire and yet no fair women Eight women for a halfe-peny knife Tar or Taroo an Iland Habuc a Riuer Habuc scarce eight dayes iourney from Orenoco Europa Riuer Oecopa Mountaine Santo Domingo Amapaia Riuer Amazones Iland Wiaumli Riuer Maccah Riuer Woripur Carrabouca Guiana or Manoa Drano Riuer Aâ—â—bas Moores Vnhealthfull dewes Emeria Capurisol Riuer Canoa of water Riuer of Amazones Riuer Wiapogo The Falls They desire to learne religion Caribes A Canowe taken R. Aracawa The Commodities of the Countrey Strange fishing Cassauiâ— The iuice Sicknesse The cause The remedie Ni 〈…〉 little 〈…〉 mes great torture Terrible cure Trecherie of a S 〈…〉 e. Captaine Leâ— Saint Barbudos Sancta Lucia Captaine Nich Saint Iohn staieth at Saint Lucia with 67. men Tortoises Shew of Gold The Captaine and his men slaine Indian treacherie Faire gardens Great Trees of hard wood Hamaca beds Treacherous ambush Blind hungrie voyage A storme Thomas Morgan dyeth Land Boat split Three Spanâ—ards Miserable famine Vse of Tabacco Fiue died in the Iland â—ood almost kils aswell as penurie Tocoya Coâ—o Kind Spaniards Good Flemming Spanish gentlenesse Two more dic Commodities of the Countrey Drinke made of Maiz. The treason of the Indians * The cause why Francisco Lopez did vse vs so kindly was because Sir Fr. Drake when he tooke Cartagena did saue all his fathers goods and his lâ—â—â— withall They ariue at Wiapâ—â—â— Causes of their mutinie Second voiage of the Phenix Captain Leighs weaknesse Deiected minds Mount Howard Possession Bay Gold siluer R. Caliane Expedition against the Caribes Mount Huntly Cou. R. Wia. English ship Vrake Arwakes Mortalitie The Captains sicknesse and death M. Tederington 35. persons lost 15. depart Kindnesse of a Dutchman French ship Ten more depart Two returne out of the Countrey to them They plant Flaxe c. Surgeâ—ie Indian Armes Mad choice of a patient Captaine R. Caliane searched Three ships in R. of Amazons Peyar-diuining Riuer of Arâ—cow Fall Three Nations The Yayes The Arwakes Suppayes Nakednesse Men and women how they liue Their houses Faire earthen Pots Baskets Hamakes Painting Childebirtâ— Funerals Beasts of those parts Fowles Fishes and fishing as before Fruites Dying woods other commodities of the Countrie Their returne Sir Walter Rawleigh Trinidado Fountaine of Pitch * The large iournall of their voiage to this place is for breuity omitted as also their course homewards * The vertue of the Guanos a thing worthy the noting for their nature is if one eat a ripe one it sets one a scouring and
that I le was like vnto it which they found in the earth about a foot or two deepe The said Monsieur Preuert gaue the Sauages Wedges and Cizers and other things necessarie to draw out the said Myne which they haue promised to doe and to bring the same the next yeere and giue it the said Monsieur Preuert They say also that within some hundred or one hundred and twentie leagues there are other Mynes but that they dare not goe thither vnlesse they haue Frenchmen with them to make warre vpon their enemies which haue the said Mynes in their possession The said place where the Myne is standeth in 44. degrees and some few minutes neere the South Coast within fiue or sixe leagues it is a kind of Bay which is certaine leagues broad at the mouth thereof and somewhat more in length where are three Riuers which fall into the great Bay neere vnto the I le of Saint Iohn which is thirtie or fiue and thirtie leagues long and is sixe leagues distant from the South shoare There is also another little Riuer which falleth almost in the mid way of that whereby Monsieur Preuert returned and there are as it were two kind of Lakes in the said Riuer Furthermore there is yet another small Riuer which goeth toward the Mountaine of the painting All these Riuers fall into the said Bay on the South-east part neere about the said Ile which the Sauages say there is of this white Metall On the North side of the said Bay are the Mynes of Copper where there is a good Hauen for ships and a small Iland at the mouth of the Hauen the ground is Oze and Sand where a man may run his ship on shoare From the said Myne to the beginning of the mouth of the said Riuers is some sixtie or eightie leagues by Land But by the Sea Coast according to my iudgement from the passage of the I le of Sain Lawrence and the Firme Land it cannot be past fiftie or sixtie leagues to the said Myne All this Countrey is exceeding faire and flat wherein are all sorts of trees which wee saw as wee went to the first Sault vp the great Riuer of Canada very small store of Firre-trees and Cypreâ—â—es And this of a truth is as much as I learned and heard of the said Monsieur Preuert BEfore we departed from Tadousac to returne into France one of the Sagamoz of the Mountayners named Bechourat gaue his Sonne to Monsieur du Pont to carrie him into France and he was much recommended vnto him by the Great Sagamo Anadabijou praying him to vse him well and to let him see that which the other two Sauages had seene which we had brought backe againe We prayed them to giue vs a woman of the Irocois whom they would haue eaten whom they gaue vnto vs and we brought her home with the foresaid Sauage Monsieur de Preuert in like manner brought home foure Sauages one man which is of the South Coast one woman and two children of the Canadians The foure and twentieth of August we departed from Gachepay the ship of the said Monsieur Preuert and ours The second of September we counted that wee were as farre as Cape Rase The fift day of the said moneth we entred vpon the Banke whereon they vse to fiâ—â— The sixteenth we were come into the Sounding which may be some fittie leagues distant from the Ushant The twentieth of the said moneth we arriued in New Hauen by the grace of God to all our contentments with a continuall fauourable wind CHAP. VII The Patent of the French King to Monsieur de MONTS for the inhabiting of the Countries of La Cadia Canada and other places in New France HEnry by the grace of God King of France and Nauarre To our deare and well beloued the Lord of Monts one of the ordinarie Gentlemen of our Chamber greeting As our greatest care and labour is and hath alwayes beene since our comming to this Crowne maintaine and conserue it in the ancient dignitie greatnesse and splendour thereof to extend and amplifie as much as lawfully may bee done the bounds and limits of the same We being of a long time informed of the situation and condition of the Lauds and Territories of La Cadia moued aboue all things with a singular zeale and deuout and constant resolution which we haue taken with the helpe and assistance of God Author Distributour and Protectour of all Kingdomes and Estates to cause the people which doe inhabit the Countrey men at this present time Barbarous Atheists without Faith or Religion to be conuerted to Christianitie and to the Beliefe and Profession of our Faith and Religion and to draw them from the ignorance and vnbeliefe wherein they are Hauing also of a long time knowne by the Relation of the Sea Captaines Pilots Merchants and others who of long time haue haunted frequented and trafficked with the people that are found in the said places how fruitfull commodious and profitable may be vnto vs to our Estates and Subiects the Dwelling Possession and Habitation of those Countries for the great and apparent profit which may be drawne by the greater frequentation and habitude which may bee had with the people that are found there and the Trafficke and Commerce which may be by that meanes safely treated and negotiated We then for these causes fully trusting on your great wisdome and in the knowledge and experience that rou haue of the qualitie condition and situation of the said Countrie of La Cadia for diuers and sundry Nauigations Voyages and Frequentations that you haue made into those parts and others neere and bordering vpon it Assuring our selues that this our resolution and intention being committed vnto you you will attentiuely diligently and no lesse couragiously and valorously execute and bring to such perfection as we desire Haue expresly appointed and established you and by these Presents signed with our owne hands doe commit ordaine make constitute and establish you our Lieutenant Generall for to represent our person in the Countries Territories Coasts and Co fines of La Cadia To begin from the 40. degree vnto the 46. And in the same distance or part of it as farre as may bee done to establish extend and make to be knowne our Name Might and Authoritie And vnder the same to subiect submit and bring to obedience all the people of the said Land and the Borderers thereof And by the meanes thereof and all lawfull wayes to call make instruct prouoke and incite them to the knowledge of God and to the light of the Faith and Christian Religion to establish it there And in the exercise and profession of the same keepe and conserâ—â— the said people and all other Inhabitants in the said places and there to command in peace rest and tranquillâ—â—ie as well by Sea as by Land to ordaine decide and cause to bee executed all that which you shall iudge fit and necessarie to be done for
to maintaine keepe and conserue the said places vnder our Power and Authoritie by the formes wayes and meanes prescribed by our Lawes And for to haue there a care of the same with you to appoint establish and constitute all Officers as well in the affaires of Warre as for Iustice and Policie for the first time and from thence forward to name and present them vnto vs for to be disposed by vs and to giue Letters Titles and such Prouisoes as shall be necessarie c. Giuen at Fountain-Bleau the eight day of Nouember in the yeere our Lord 1603. And of our Reigne the fifteenth Signed Henry and vnderneath by the King Potier And sealed vpon single labell with yellow Waxe The Voyage of Monsieur de MONTS into New France written by MARKE LESCARBOT MOnsieur de Monts hauing made the Commissions and Prohibitions before said to bee proclaimed thorow the Realme of France and especially thorow the Ports and maritine Townes thereof caused two shippes to bee rigged and furnished the one vnder the conduct of Captaine Timothy of New-hauen the other of Captaine Morell of Honfleur In the first hee shipped himselfe with good number of men of account as well Gentlemen as others And for as much as Monsieur de Poutrincourt was and had beene of a long time desirous to see those Countries of New France and there to finde out and choose some fit place to retire himselfe into with his Family Wife and Children not meaning to be the last that should follow and participate in the glorie of so faire and generous an enterprize would needs goe thither and shipped himselfe with the said Monsieur de Monts carrying with him some quantitie of Armours and Munitions of Warre and so weighed Anchors from New-hauen the seuenth day of March 1604. But being departed some what too soone before the Winter had yet left off her frozen Weed they found store of Icie bankes against the which they were in danger to strike and so to be cast away The Voyage was long by reason of contrarie winds which seldome hapneth to them that set out in March for the New-found lands which are ordinarily carried with an East or Northerne winde fit to goe to those Lands And hauing taken their course to the South of the I le of Sand or Sablon or Sand for to shunne the said Ices they almost fell from Caribdis into Scylla going to strike towards the said Ile during the thicke mists that are frequent in that Sea In the end the sixt of May they came to a certaine Port where they found Captaine Rossignol of New-hauen who did trucke for skinnes with the Sauages contrary to the Kings Inhibitions which was the cause that his ship was confilcated This Port was called Le Port du Rossignol hauing in this his hard fortune this onely good that a good and fit Harborough or Port in those Coasts be areth his name From thence coasting and discouering the Lands they arriued at another Port very faire which they named Le Port de Moutton by reason that a Mutton or Weather hauing leaped ouer-board and drowned himselfe came aboard againe and was taken and eaten as good prize Neere the said Moutton Port there is a place so replenished with Rabbets and Conies that they almost did eate nothing else During that time Monsieur Champlein was sent with a shallop to seeke farther off a fitter place to retire themselues at which Exploit he carried so long that deliberating vpon the returne they thought to leaue him behind for there was no more victuals and they serued themselues with that that was found in the said Rossignols ship without which they had beene forced to returne into France and so to breake a faire enterprize at the very birth and beginning thereof or to starue hauing ended the hunting of Conies which could not still continue All New France in the end being contained in two ships they weighed Anchors from Port du Moutton for to imploy their time and to discouer Lands as much as might before Winter Wee came to Cape de Sable or the Sandie Cape and from thence we sailed to the Bay of Saint Marie where our men lay at Anchor fifteene dayes whilest the Lands and passages as well by Sea as by Riuer might be descried and knowne This Bay is a very faire place to inhabit because that one is readily carried thither without doubling There are Mynes of Iron and Siluer but in no great abundance according to the triall made thereof in France A Priest losing his way in the Woods was missing sixteene dayes Whereupon a Protestant was charged to haue killed him because they quarrelled sometimes for matters of Religion Finally they sounded a Trumpet thorow the Forrest they shot off the Canon diuers times but in vaine for the roaring of the Sea stronger then all that did expell backe the sound of the said Canons and Trumpets Two three and foure dayes passed he appeareth not In the meane-while the time hastens to depart so hauing tarried so long that hee was then held for dead they weighed Anchors to goe further and to see the depth of a Bay that hath some fortie leagues length and fourteene yea eighteene of breadth which was named La Baye Francoise or the French Bay In this Bay is the passage to come into a Port whereinto our men entred and made some abode during the which they had the pleasure to hunt an Elian or Stagge that crossed a great Lake of the Sea which maketh this Port and did swimme but easily This Port is enuironed with Mountaines on the North side Towards the South bee small Hills which with the said Mountaines doe powre out a thousand Brookes which make that place pleasanter then any other place in the World there are very faire falles of waters fit to make Milles of all sorts At the East is a Riuer betweene the said Mountaines and Hilles in the shippes may saile fifteene leagues and more and in all this distance is nothing of both sides the Riuer but faire Medowes which Riuer was named L' Equille because that the first fish taken therein was an Equille But the said Port for the beautie thereof was called Port Royall Monsieur de Poutrincourt hauing found this place to bee to his â—â—king demanded it with the Lands thereunto adioyning of Monsieur de Monts to whom the King had by Commission before inserted granted the distribution of the Lands of New France from the fortieth degree to the sixe and fortieth Which place was granted to the said Monsieur de Poutrincourt who since hath had Letters of confirmation for the same of his Maiestie intending to retire himselfe thither with his Family and there to establish the Christian and French Name as much as his power shall stretch and God grant him the meanes to accomplish it The Port contayneth eight leagues of circuit besides the Riuer of L' Equille There is within it two Iles very faire and pleasant the one
s. One Kettle 6. s. One large frying-pan 2. s. 6. d. One Griddirâ—n 1. s. 6. d. Two Skillets 5. s. One Spit 2. s. Platters dishes Spoones of wood 4. s. 1. li. 8. s. For Sugar Spice and fruit and at Sea for six men 12. 〈◊〉 6. d. So the full charge of apparell victuall armes â—tooles houshold-stuffe and after this rate for each person will amount vnto about the sum of 12. l. â—0 s. The passage of each man is 6. li. The fraight of these prouisions for a man will be about halfe a Tun which is 1. 〈◊〉 10. s. So the whole charge wil amount to about 20. l. Nets Hookes Lines and a Tent must be added if the number of people be greater as also some Kine And this is the vsuall proportion that the Virginia Company doe bestow vpon their Tenants which they send Whoâ—oeuer tran ports himselfe or any other at his owne charge vnto Virginia shall for each person so transported before Midsummer 1625. haue to him and his heires for euer fiftie Acres of Land vpon a first and fiftie Acres vpon a second diuision Sir George Yeardly intending to visit Smiths Iles fell sicke and thereupon sent Master Porey with Estinien Moll a Frenchman to finde a conuenient place to make Salt in Namenicus King of Pawtuxunt came and shewed them his naked braest protesting the inside to be as free ill meaning as that from deformitie and promising welcome if they would come into his Countrey which they promised After this they hauing conferred with Kiptopeke King of Aquohanok they passed Russels Iles and Onancoke and arriued at Pawtuxunt at Attoughcomoco the habitation of Namenacuâ— and Wamanato his brother who came aboord them with a brasse Kettle bright without within full of Oysters Hee was shewed their hunting conducted forth by the younger and home by the elder presented also with Beauers skinnes which hee requited with such things as Wamanato said he would keepe them while hee liued and burie them with him being dead Namenacus his breast proued vlcerous within and treacherous but without harme to them by reason of their circumspection an ambush being prouided in a Wood at a point where they would haue had them land Kiptokepe is the elder brother and yeelded the moytie of his Countrie to the younger bearing still the greater burthen in gouernment but lesse honour whereas on the Westerne shore the younger beares the charge the elder the dignitie These are the most thriftie Sauages keeping Corne for all the yeere and hauing to spare whereas others want for one halfe They are also more ciuill iust reckoners vse no Black-boy-ceremonies and in Affinitie and Consanguinitie obserue a larger distance in their Marriages Anno 1622. the Abigail was sent and therein Captaine Barwick with fiue and twentie men to build ships and Boats and others to build the East Indie Schoole That fatall Massacre some thinke to haue beene occasioned by Nemattanow a Sauage called vsually lacke of the Feather in best esteeme amongst them for courage and policie who perswading one Morgan to go with him to Pamaunke to trucke by the way slue him two or three dayes after hee returned to Morgans house and answered his Seruants asking for their Master that hee was dead whereupon they would haue had him to Master Thorpe but hee so moued their patience that they shot him Hee whom the Sauages esteemed free from hurt by the English and shot free desired before his death that they would bury him with the English and not make it knowne that hee was slaine with a bullet Opachancanough was moued with his losse so as he threatned reuenge which he could not effect but by treacherous pretence of greatest peace after fourteene dayes by so many deaths giuing life to the following Tragedie which you heard deliuered by publike Authoritie This terrible blow so affrigheed all that it was concluded that all the pettie Plantations should be left to make good a few places some say fiue or six whither for want of Boats their goods and cattell could not be so suddenly conueyed but that much was exposed to the Sauages cruell gleanings Master Gookins at Nuports newes hauing thirtie fiue of all sorts with him refused that order and made good his part against the Sauages Master Iordan at Beggars Bush gathered a few about him and fortified himselfe in despight of the enemie Mistris Procter would haue aduentured the like and did it for three weekes till the Officers as some report would no longer permit her Captaine Nuse and Captaine Crawshaw are much for prouidence and valour commended Waters and his wife were kept prisoners by the Nansamuds this Edward Waters is one of those three which first stayed in Bermuda and found the great piece of Ambergreece whence by chance vpon occasion of a Boat lost by ill weather whose company were saued and comming on their shoare they being busied in their Triumphs and Dances for ioy they found opportunitie to get into a Canoa and escaped to Kecoughtan Captaine Nuce called his Neighbours together when he heard of the Massacre entrenched himselfe and mounted three Peeces of Ordnance so that in foure dayes hee was strong enough to defend himselfe against all the Barbarian forces Captaine Crashaw with fiue others fortified himselfe in despight of all the Sauages with the helpe of other Sauages and made offer to the Colonie if they would send him a shallop with Armes men and prouision for Trade that the next Haruest he would prouide them Corne sufficient which then in the latter end of Iune was little to bee had in the Countrie Captaine Maddeson is reported to haue giuen ouer-hastie credit to an exiled King which comming to Patowomeke for succour and not obtayning it in reuenge deuised and slandered the Patowomekes with intent of betraying and killing the English which credulitie produced effects of crueltie and the conceits of bloudie treacherie conceiued if others conceiue not falsly treacherie and bloud The last Summer 1623. they set forth a company which destroyed the Sauages Corne and houses and surprized Pamaunke chiefe Seat of Opachancanough And the last report is that the Colonie is now in health and that the Sauages haue returned seuen of the English which they held prisoners out of selfe guiltinesse and feare of reuenge seeing ships still come thither and wearie of their watchings and manifold losses and dangers Opachankanough the authour of the Massacre is said to haue come to his end by meanes more sutable to his deserts then perhaps agreeing with Christian simplicitie A sicknesse after the Massacre fell amongst the English by reason that from neere eightie Plantations they were brought to fewer then eight these distracted with a sudden remooue and distressed wants It is thought that 1800. suruiued both His Maiestie not a little moued with the losse of so many his good Subiects and some complaints also being made of the Gouernment many of the Virginian Company here holding no such
vniforme agreement as was meete both shewed his gracious bountie in the gift of diuers Armes out of the Towre with further promises of his assistance and appointed Commissioners to examine the Causes of Virginias not answering to the care and cost in so long time bestowed on her I am no fit Relater of things ensuing and farre-vnfitter Vmpire in such differences I will now speake to God rather then men Quid enim nisi vota supersunt My Prayers shall be to the Almightie for Virginias prosperitie whose Dwarfish growth after so many yeeres convulsions by dissentions there and heere lamentations in the complaints of both sides a Plurisie Stich in her sides continuing after so much bloud taken from her weaknesse Sinne armes after such successions of armes and forces Tantalean staruings amidst both Magazines and fertilitie subuersions here and selfe-euersions there peruersnesse I mention not rather then conuersions of Sauages after so many learned and holy Dinines sent thither pouertie sicknesse deaths in so rich a Soyle and healthfull a Climate what should I say I can deplore I doe not much admire that we haue had so much in Virginia and haue so little the promises as probable as large and yet the premisses yeelding in the conclusion this Virginian sterilitie and meagrenesse rather then the multiplied issue and thrift of a worthy Matron and Mother of a Family answerable to her great Inheritance there and Iointer from hence But what doe I in plaints where some perhaps will complaine of my complayning I will expect better from God and his Maiestie and while my selfe meane-while in the better thriuing of the English Colonie in Bermudas or Summer Ilands CHAP. XVI English Voyges to the Summer Ilands HENRY MAYS shipwracke there 1593. The first Colonie sent 1612. IT is now time to leaue the Continent and visit Bermudas of Sir George Summers called Summer Ilands The occasion you had before related by Master Strachie and that some of their Company tooke vp their abode there This was not the first time that English eyes had seene those Ilands For in the yeere 1593. Henry May had beene there one of Captaine Lancasters Company which had beene in the East Indies and in returning had put ouer to Trinidad and thence to Puerto Rico and Hispaniola for refreshing where Captaine Lancaster desired a Frenchman Monsieur de Barbotiere to giue this Henry May passage home with him They departed from Laguna the last of Nouember and December the seuenteenth were wracked on the North-west part of Bermuda about midnight The Pilots making themselues at noone to be twelue leagues to the Southwards of the Iland certified the Captaine that they were from all danger and demanded their wine of height which they had thought they had beene cast away by the shore but were seuen leagues off by the helpe of their Boat and a Raft sixe and twentie of aboue fiftie were saued I saith May durst not presse in but stayed in the ship almost full of water till the Captaine being entred the Boat called me to him and I entred leauing the better halfe of our company to the mercie of the Sea We rowed all day till an houre or two before night yer we could come on Land towing the Raft with the Boat Hauing beene all day without drinke wee sought long and at last one digging among weeds found fresh water being only raine water which was all we found It pleased God that we had saued our Carpenters tooles and going roundly to worke we built a Barke of some eighteene tun for the most part with trunnels and a few nailes For tacklings we made a Voyage to our ship and cut downe her shrouds in stead of Pitch wee made Lime and mixed it with the Oyle of Tortoises assoone as the Carpenters had calked spreading it on with a sticke which was soone dried by the heat being in Aprill wee hasted away for feare of water failing vs. We made two great chists and calked them and stowed them on each side our maine Mast and so put in our prouisions of raine water and thirteene liuing Tortoyses for our food The Hogs were leane and there was store of Fowle Fish and Tortoyses There is also good fishing for Pearles The eleuenth of May we were cleere of the Land for our Voyage to New-found-land and on the twentieth fell with the Land neere to Cape Briton and thence to the Banke of New-found-land where a Barke of Falmouth tooke vs in wherein I had passage home and arriued at Falmouth in August 1594. Thus much for May. Let vs now heare the Relation sent from an English Colonie planted there vnder the gouernment of Master Richard Moore This following Discourse hath beene printed and was added to a Tractate of Master Siluester Iordan touching the wracke of Sir Thomas Gates and Sir George Summers on the Bermudas which beeing deliuered more fully by Master Strachie sup cap. 6. I haue here omitted and proceed to the English proceedings in those Ilands Being bound for the Sommer Ilands in the Ship called the Plough wee imbarked the eight and twentieth of Aprill 1612. So passing downe to Grauesend wee anchored at Tilbery-hope vntill the fifth of May. The wind comming taire wee put forth and came to the Downes the sixth of May where we staied till the ninth And then setting forward wee had a faire and comfortable passage and by Gods blessing found so direct a course that on the eleuenth of Iuly in the morning betwixt nine and ten of the clocke wee descried our hoped and desired Ilands and in the afternoone of the same day about three a clocke wee arriued in a verie safe harbour neere S. Georges Iland there wee landed all our men and women and had beene at anchor aboue an houre before wee could heare of our three men which had beene left there As soone as wee had landed all our company we went all to praier and gaue thankes vnto the Lord for our safe arriuall and whilest wee were at praier wee saw our three men come rowing downe to vs the sight of whom did much reioyce vs so they welcomming vs and wee the like to them againe we sung a Psalme and praised the Lord for our safe meeting and went to supper The next day being the Sabbath day which wee dedicated to God in the best manner wee could wee abode still in the foresaid Iland with all the rest of our company till Munday morning being the thirteenth of Iuly Then we went vp with our Ship and company higher into the harbour to the place where these three men had planted themselues They had planted Corne great store of Wheat Beanes Tobacco and Mellons with many other good things for the vse of man Besides they had wrought vpon Timber in squaring and sawing of Cedar Trees for they intended to build a small Pinnace to carrie them into Virginia being almost out of hope and comfort of our comming because Cap. Dauies time was to haue beene with
Frost and Snow Sepulchre opened Two houses Houshold stuffe Third discouerie Extreme cold Gramâ—us Bay Thâ—y found Grampuses dead two inches thicke of fat and fiue or six paces long A good Harbour Two great Wolues Thunder Conference with Sauages Patuxet People all dead of a plague Masasoyts Nausites Hunts wickednesse Sâ—uâ—geâ— dâ—sâ—ribed The agreements of peace betweene vs and Massasoyt A iourney to Packanokik the Habitation of the Great King Massasoyâ— 1621. Great plague Royall entertainment Games Hungrie fare A Voyage made by ten of our men oâ—the Kingdome of Nauset to seek a Boy that had lost himselfe in the Woods with such accidents as besell vs in that Voyage The Boy is restored Snakes skin defiance Towne impaled Tisquantum trechâ—â—y Plagy 〈◊〉 Master Westons planters which plâ—id the wâ—sps with English and Sauages Two Ships Helpe f 〈…〉 Master Iones A Plague Note Honest Sauages Namasket Manomet Sauages great gamsters Iust iealousie Base Summer and Winter Dutch Ship Visitations of the sicke Reports of Massassowats death His commendation Miserable comforters He reuealeth the trechery of the Massachusets Their name of God Indians into lence Sauages slain Sauage Englishmen An. 1623. Great drought Publike Fast. Gracious dewes Indians coniuration M. Tomson a Scot his Plantation Day of thanks Two Ships Their Religion The meaning of the word â—â—eâ—tan I think hath reference â—o Antiquity for Chise is an old man and Kiâ—hchise a man that exceedeâ—h in agâ— Iâ—e maledicti Their Deuill Powah or Priest Offerings Sacrifices Burnt offring The Deuill keeps his seruants poore Their Knights Pnieses valourous counsellours Bitter trialls Sachim or Lords Tribu 〈…〉 Mourning foâ— the dead Burialls Womens slauery Manhood Names Maids wiues Adulterie and whooredome Theft Murther Crying a cowards note Apparell Wittie people Their Arts. Note Language Registers The Country New England an Iland Seasons Dayes Soyle Corne * For the Description incouragements to this designe and for better knowledge of New Scotland besides a Book purposely published by the Honourable learned Author who at other weapons hath plaied his Muses prizes and giuen the world ample testimony of his learning you may read our 8. Booke from the sixt Chapter forwards the last two Chapiters of the ninth Booke that description of the Countrey of Mawâ—oshen which I haue added hereto An. 1623. Lukes Bay Fit place for a Plantation Port Iolly Port Negro This description of Mawooshen I had amongst M. Hakluyts papers Climate and quantitie Tarantines are said to be the same with the Souriquois 1. Quibequesson Riuer Asticon Sagamo A great Lake 2. Pâ—maquid riuer A great Lake Anadabis Three townes Bashabes Caiocame 3. Ramassoc Panobscâ—t a Towne 4. Apanawapeske 5. Apanmensek A Lâ—ke Another Lake All the Lakes full of Fish Beeues and sweet Rats 6. Aponeg 7. Aponeg 8. Sagadahoc Here C. Popham builâ— S. Georges Fort and planted Great Sound Tâ—o Lakes A great Iland Kenebeke 9. Ashamabaga 10. Shawakâ—toc A Lake foure dayes iourney long 2 broad Voyage in eight daies Fishermens kinde assistances State of the weather in Autumne and Winter I haue by me a written iournall declaring the winde and weather of euery day from 24. Nouember 1610. till the last of Aprill 1611. but thought it would seeme ted ous the substance thereof being here contained Moderate Frosta Spring Healthfulnes Homicide dieth for thought Imployment of the Colony English Corne Fowle and Cattle prosper there Medow Deere Copper kettle Their houses described Their Oares Sauages Their fashions Their Canoas The situation of the Country The temperature of the Ayre The Inhabitanes with their nature and customes The conueniency of the Bayes in that Countrie Commodious Ilands worthy Harbours Trinitie Harbor affording diuers good commodities Sauages liuing neer to Trinitie Harbour The bottoms of diuers Baies meeting neere together The Harbour of Trepassey lying commodiously The fertiltie of the soyle Seuerall sorts of Fruits there growing Herbs Flowers both pleasant and medicinable Corn growing there yeelding good increase Store of Deere other Beasts A rare example of the gentle nature of the Beasts of that Country M Guies Mastâ—â—e Greyhound vsed a Wolfe there more doggedly one pulling out the throat the other the belly Great store of Land Fowle Water Fowle Penguins Fresh water and Springs Many sorts of Timber there growing Good hope of Mines and making of Iron and Pitch Fish in great abundance Cod-fishing a great hope of benefit therefrom The benefit arising to France Spaine and Italy from fishing vpon those coasts 250. saile of Shipslying vpon that coast Anno 1615. What the valew of the Fish con tained in most Ships did amount vnto The relief that the trading there will afford to seuerall sorts of people * After this the author vseth reasons to perswade to a Plantation there which I haue omitted as busied in history The Book is common to such as desire to reade it I haue also omit ted his Admiralty commission and proceedings Commoditieâ— vsed by the Natiues This was the last Letter sent into England the yeere before 1621. They were but twelue men all the last Winter vnti 〈…〉 the new supply came in the Spring following Temperate Winter Bristow Plantation Salt made there Abuses of Fishermen The Fiâ—â—ts sâ—â— forth by queen Elizabeth Sup. pag. 108◠〈◊〉 Aâ—â—â— 17. 6. Her persecution from the Papacie from the wombe In queen Maries daies French wrongs Q. Elizabeths prosperitie See of Gods mercies in this other kinds the B. of Chichister his Religious Tractate of Thanksgiuing See also Camdens Elizabetha and others Anuales of her Reigne Arthur Poole of the house of George Duke of Clarence Ann. 1569. Pius his impious Bull. Irish action Don Iohn base son of Charles Emperour 1576. A. 1572. Greg. 13. confirmeth the sentence against Q. Elis-Stuklys trea on A. 1578. 1579. 1580. Sanders Author of the booke De visiâ— Monarch of the forged tale De schismate Anglicano in which he abuseth the queens Mother with grosse lies neuer before een or dreams of by the sharpest and spitefullesâ— eyes which Malice could entertain euen then when she was most malicious most serpent sighted * 15â—3 * 1584. Mendoza Throckmorton Creighton papers Assoâ—iation Pâ—â—ries treason Allens booke Earle of Northumberland Burks Ilandeys â—â—i s in Ireland Babington c. French Embassadâ—urs plot with Moody Lopez Luke 8. 29. Rome Citie of murthers haters of kings * Plin. l. 7. c. 25. * See to 1. l. 8. 〈◊〉 1. 〈◊〉 3. 4. 6. l. 2. c. 1 to 2. l. 8. c. 4. c. Present Rome greater manstaier Saintslaier then the Ethnike Priests agents in euery treason The Pope Master Workman Allen or Alan was by Spanish procurement made Cardinall for this purpose and to this purpose had written a violent booke which heartned Parry to vndertake to kil the Queen He and Bristow Martin were Authors of the Rhemish Translation and Notes of the N. T. Papall pretended causes of depriuing the Queene Fugitiues impotent Zeale
Spanish arguments to requite good with euill a Act. 24. 14. By the way which they cal heresie so worship wee the God of our fathers beleeuing all things written in the Law c. b They make the schisme or rent which vniustly excommunicate cut off from the body of Christ as Io. 9 Sinite illos coeci sunt c. c Hinc ille lacrymae d Withlie and all shee reiceted the title of supreme head to auoid from appearance of this euill and declared her selfe to challenge onely power ouer all her subiects to command thé to do their duties execute their offices excluding forrain iurisdiction as Dauid Salâ—mon Constantine her predecessors had done exercising power ouer Priests not in the Priesthood e O impudency What King of England euer sought the Popes confirmation King 〈◊〉 by Papall Arts made himselfe triburary but without and against his subiects conâ—ent as Ma. Paris Râ—â—endouer then liuing testifie at larg 〈…〉 at writing being burnt and disclaimed the subiects also rebelling against the Author thereof f Quia totum telâ—m non recepâ—â—â—et Shee wronged them much in souâ—ng her throat from their blades g Vnnaturall Prince which not content with inheritance would haue made conquest of the Prouinces so to swallow all their priuiledges and subiect them to forraine inquisition and rule so buying with 100. millions of treasure and the liues of 400000. Christians the losse of those which would haue bought and sought to be his subiects if hee would haue kept the oathes which the Pope dispensed with twice made to them and ruled as his predecessors had done h The Pope confesseth hee gaue entertainment to the Queenes Fug tiues and for their sakes thus roared The Spaniard entertained her Fugitiues and she might not admit those whom he would not suffer to obey him as his Ancestors had done i A mighty cruell forgery of his Holiness k Who is here the inuader disturber of peace And whereto tends all this but to disanull peace l Quis tulerit Gracchos dei seditione querentes m Boner c. was ill handled because they were not so handled as they had handled Cranmer Ridley c. n See M. Camdens History 〈◊〉 A. 1568. seq where those occurrents are otherwise related o Ap. 2. 2. Thou hast tried them that say they are Apostles and are not and hast found them liers p How much more did Hezekiab â—osias in demolishing the meanes of superstition how holy soeuer at their first institutioÌ„ So the brasen Serpent a Diuine type of Christ crucified was demolished c. q Uis dicam quid sis magnus es ardelio Pitie she promoted not Cardinal Allen or Father Parsons the one to Lambeth the other to Tib. I should say the Broad Seale r What a faire deliuerance from this tyranny should we haue had by the Spanish Whips and Kniues s We had indeed bin miserable had we falne into the hands of such Physicians t The holinesse of three Popes curse her and the holy and blessed Trinitie blesse her u Dutie and faith acknowledged and yet denied Is not this babbling x But God will not hold him guiltlesse that taketh his name in vaine y Yet this is the first commandement of promise so contrary are Gods blessing and the Popes cursing Eph. 6. 2. z A false Prophet for neither did England euer prosper more or feare the Pope or Spaniard lesse or so much loue or honour Her or any of her progenitors as Her Maiesty after this such a blessed haruest God raised out of this Cursers cursed seed a The Duke of Medina Generall of this Fleet was of another mind who being told of Catholikes in England which would take his part c. answered That he must make way howsoeuer for his Master And were not Count Egmond and Count Horne and others Papists which D'Alua executed There were 700. English Fugitiues in Parmas Army for this inuasion Qui omnium despicatissime habiti the baggage of the Armies estimate nor was respectgiuen to Stanly and Westmerland Traitors of note Sed pro impietate in Patriam omni adâ—tu prohibiti tanquam pessima auspicia merito non siâ—e detestatione reiecti saith Camden They were excluded all Councells of Warre for men vse to loue the Treason and hate the Traytor Matth. 26. 54. â—udas â—scarioâ— went to the chiefe Priests here the chiefe Priest preuents the Traitor couâ—â—aâ—ts for more then 30. pieces before he be sollicited with what will you giue me 〈…〉 e â—ewish Priestâ— were dul compared to these Romish * Hâ—â—ly Fa th 〈…〉 * Pro thesauro carbones The Pope grants that liberally which is alâ—â—ly The Armie of Biscay of which is Captain Generall Ian Martines of Ricalda The Armie of the Gallyes of Castille of the which is Generall Iaques Flores de Valdes The Armie of the Ships of Andelo 〈…〉 zie of the which is Cap. Don Pedro de Valdes This Pedro de Valdes was taken and prisoner in England The Armie of Ships come from the Prouince of Gipouzce of which is Generall Michell de Oquendo The Armie of the East of the which is chief Martin de Vâ—â—tendâ—na The Armie of Hulkes in the which is Cap. Iohn Lopez of Medina Pataâ—â—es and Zabâ—es where in Don Antony of Mendoza commandeâ—â— The foure Galeaces of Naples which are giueÌ„ in charge to Dom Vgo de Moncada A description of the Galeons A description of the Galliasses The great Oâ—d nance bullets Gunpowder and other furniture The iâ—prouision of victuals other things necessary 32000. personâ— in the Nauie A Spanish terza consisteth of 3200. souldiers Baggage of the Amada The cause of the Iourney Their Shrift For auoiding blasphemy and raging oathes and others Debarring play The preparation of the Duke of Parma to aide the Spaniards Her Maiesties warlike preparation by Sea Her Maiesties Land-forces Catholike Roman The prepa 〈…〉 on of the vnited Prouinces The Spanish 〈◊〉 etâ—â—let saile vpon the 19 of May. O multum dilect Deo tib militat aether coâ—iurati vâ—nâ—unt ad classica venti c. Gains valour They set saile from the Groine vpon the 11. of Iuly The Spaniards come within keâ—â—ing of England Cap. Fleming The L. Admirals short warning vpon the 19. of Iuly The 20. of Iuly Gods great mercy to England For had not Flemming brought word the Queenes Nauie had easily beene oppressed nor could it so soon be ready had the Spaniards then taken their opportunitie The 21. of Iuly Galeon forsaken The 22. of Iuly Don Pedro de Valdez with his ships and company takeÌ„ Virtus in hoste laudanda 55000. duckets A great Biscaine ship taken by the English The 23. of Iuly Slow motions of the great Spanish ships Admirals hot fight Captaine Fenners valour A great Venetian ship and other â—mâ—ll ships taken by the English 12000. English Mariners and Souldiers The 24. of Iuly Want of Powder Spanish order The 25. of Iuly Terrible fight The 26.