medicine to the mouth or throat though some use in place thereof a splatter yet this instrument is far steddier better and The Commendation of it cleaner and being through hollow as is said the tongue is not apt to slip or slide from under it any way Of the Speculum Ani. THe Speculum Ani declareth his use by his name belonging onely The use to anâ— or the fundament to open the same as occasion shall be offered upon every grief or disease happening thereunto and cannot Reasons for the necessity of it well be forborn in the Surgeons chest For if there happen in the orifice of the fundament any excoriation or exulceration then can nothing better be brought to the grieved place then by this Speculum neither can the grief be seen without it the manner of the opening of the fundament therewith needs not to be discribed For I hold none so witlesse which cannot make use thereof when they once see but the instrument and yet let not the young artist be too busie in using An advertisement for the right use of the instrument Note 1. of this instrument without good reason For if by injection without it he can cure the Patient it is much better so to do and much easier to the Patient then to use the instrument One principall reason is the Patient hath not alwayes power to help himself by giving way to the safe use of this instrument for the Sphingtures or gathering muscles of the fundament will not of themselves without resistance be opened but often will against the Patient his own will make such unexspected resistance that if the artist which dilateth give not back he may bruise the said muscles and thereby make new work for it ought well to be had in mind how dangerous it is to the life or health of the Patient to use needlesse force in that part Of the cauterizing Irons THe ancient Chirurgions of former ages used these instruments far more then in these our times The necessary use of them in many cures is now forborn by reason the terror thereof to the Patient is The use great yet the use of them is very needful as namely to cauterize any vein or Artery in strong fluxes of blood which cannot otherwise be stayed And in the Epilepsie or falling sickness they are often used with When where the use is required good successe also they are good to make a funtanel or Issue in the hinder part of the head or in the neck so likewise in the cure of the Lethargy or Apoplexy if upon learned and good advice there be held just cause so to do But they have been used commonly by the ancient Surgeons of former ages for the opening of Apostumes and surely they are better in my judgement for the good of the Patient in many Apostumes then the Launcet yet I confesse I make no use of them my The benefit of the instrument fear and scandal hindereth self in that kinde because of the fear they put the Patient into and for speech of people who are ready to scandalize an Artiâ—â— upon each light occasion These instruments have likewise been commonly used by the ancients in dismembring namely to cauterize sometimes the whole end of the stump and sometimes onely veins and arteries and doubtlesse with good warrant they may yet be so used but in that case they are wholly now forborn for reasons aforesaid and for that a more pleasant course is known both for the Patient and the Artist yet I conclude it is very fit the Surgeons Chest be furnished with divers sorts of them if the allowance of the Surgeon will admit it Of Storks bils Ravens bils Crowes bils Goose bils and the Terebellum The use THese last recited instruments have their several uses to draw out bullets arrow-heads broken bones or whatsoever else of unnatural things are gotten into any part of mans body In the use of each of Care in their use is to be had for divers reasons them great care and respect is to be had not to use extreme violence on the sudden to draw out the offending thing for it is not always necessary to draw it forth by the way of the first wound but perhaps it may with far lesse danger be thrust quite through the member and taken out on the other side Sometime also the offending thing as a bullet may be so fixed in a bone or otherwise betwixt bones that it is far better not to move it then to offend the part where it is fixed or seated sometimes also Nature will better cast it out then thou canst by Art devise to do and over-forwardnesse doth often as much hurt as good It happeneth also sometimes that the orifice of the wound is to be dilated or inlarged to draw out a loose bone or other thing In such a case if it The drawing out of a loose bone be meerely loose it is best to take it out the first dressing but if it be loose at one end onely and fast at the other except thou without flux of blood or danger of the member canst remove it forbear and give nature leave to do her office and have patience For otherwise young Artists which are forward to tear cut and search too boldly do often that harm which is unrecoverable To conclude since experience and God and man are to be sought unto for knowledge reason make an Art if thou have reason be careful to ask counsel both of God and man that thou maist answer thy deeds both here and in the world to come For the subject of thy Art is the most precious of Gods creatures Thus much for the use of the aforesaid instruments at this time Of Incision sheeres THere is in every Art or Science a due respect to observe the having Incision sheeres are rather for form then necessary use of some things for form and order sake and if any instruments in the Surgeons Chest may be termed for form sake to be placed there the Incision sheeres are of that kinde for they are generally desired The seldome use of the Instrument but scarce once in a mans like worth the usage For admit there were an occasion to dilate or inlarge a wound it is far better done with the Incision knife which justly will obey the Artist his will without An Incision knife will excuse the want of the sheeres more or lesse doing then need requireth and this instrument is no way so justly to be limited Wherefore though I have here nominated it I forbear any perswasive words to urge the use of it but leave the Artist to his will therein Of the use of Probes of several siezes THe use of a Probe can no way be forborn in the Surgeons Chest Probes very needful for no Chirurgical work is well and artificially effected without some occasion of the use thereof more or lesse as namely oftentimes
a Plaster of diacolon diccalsiteos Paracelsus plaster or the like and so rowle and bind up the member artificially as shall be most fit and let it have rest if thou fear furrher accidents thou maist also give the partie some laxative The bone I have said is never truely restored if the pain continue Again if there be a great tumour in the place dislocated so that thou canst not therefore well reduce the bone then maist thou lay the partie to rest and the member also to as good rest as thou canst and by things mollifying and discussing seek to asswage the tumour in which case a good Lixivium described in the Cure of Fractures were good to foment it withall or a good Cataplasme made of Oat-meal and Linseeds boyled in beere or water with a little oyle of Elders would doe very well but take this for a rule that if thou be called to any dislocation where a tumour is if it be but a tumour of one or two or three dayes gathering attempt thy best to reduce the bone notwithstanding the tumour for if by extention and pains taking thou canst get the bone into his place thou needest not to fear the tumour for it will quickly be gone whereas on the other side if by thy other applications thou canst not in reasonable time dissolve the tumour a callow or strange substance may be fixed in the place that thou shalt never be able to dissolve also the Ligaments and heads of the Muscles will be grown hard and shrunk and thou maiest fear a lamenesse and withering will The sooner extention is wrought the better follow to that member wherefore with a carefull consideration seek to reduce any bone the sooner the better I use an instrument in dislocations which I learned the practise of in Polonia whilest I lived there which I call by the name of a Commander for that rightly placed and used it will surely command and I have used that one self same instrument to the shoulder wrist Huckles bone knee and ankle with good successe I may truly say I have set with it above 500. joynts at times and never once repented me of the use therefore and to shew thee how I use it mark a little my words for I must be brief If I see just cause of the use thereof and with my own hands and some others to help me I cannot without much pain to my patient bring the dislocated bone to his seat if this dislocation I say be in his shoulder I place the button of the instrument being somewhat flat on both sides not round just into the arm-pit or hollow place I mean under the upper round end of the adjutory bone or betwixt the said bone and the body and directly under the Os humeralis or Oâ— Scapula as close as I can the end of the recited button being well armed with tow bound on with a cloute which done I put on the Iron ginne which belongeth thereto at the lower end of the Commander where are certain holes with one Iron pin for diversities of lengths of limmes to be extended this ginne having a resting place for to stay it to the pinne recited and another for to take hold of the end of a soft towell to be tied about the wrest of the dislocated arme which wrist bound about and the lower part of the towell or some strong lether band or coard fastned to the said towell and also fastned to the upper part or teeth of the iron instrument let then some garter also be gently tied about the party his arm betwixt the elbow and the wrest to stay the arm to the instrument It were also good that the Instrument I mean the wooden Commander were just of height with the partie I mean from the place where it is to be placed to the ground but because that cannot alwayes be expected let the partie diseased stand in that order or so under set the instrument that it may fall out so and understand further that the partie forany bone of the arm dislocated must be standing whilest it is placing And for the thigh knee or ankle lying Having placed tied and fastned the parts together as is said let one for thee stop to turn the extending instrument and turn it gently till all be reasonable stiffe the commander standing up right close by the Patient his legge and let some one strong man stand on the other side of the Patient with his armes about the Patient his neck to keep him upright to the businesse these things ordered as is said with thy own hands seek to reduce the bone I have often found when I have extended but to a just length the bone hath of it self returned to his place thou wilt wonder at the facility thereof if thou proceed orderly I nor no man else can teach thee by written words half so well as by practise with once using it thou wilt find it out And when thou wilt use it to the huckle bone note the button on the top must be taken off and a cushion bound on the place thereof the party must also be so placed lying that his huckle bone thigh and leg must hang over the beds feet free from the bed or so laid on a table that all those parts may be free and his leg below the knee must be gently bound to the Commander as is said of the arm In all this work neat ligature true extention and a carefull industrious hand must perform the businesse and practice must be the mean for my self I have no time to amplifie further this which is said is practise for the which if thou find profit by it give God the praise Of Dismembring or Amputation AMputation or Dismembring is the most lamentable part of Chirurgery it were therefore the honour of a Surgeon never to use dismembring at all if it were possible for him to heal all he undertaketh but necessitie hath no law the Patient will declare in his naturall desire to live the comfort that he hath by it Since therefore it is of necessary use let the discreet Surgeon be ever prepared for it and to that end let the Dismembring saw be alwaies in a readinesse well filed and clean kept in oyly clowts to save it from rust let it also have two blades well filed ere you put it into your Chest for that one tooth Certain Rules before thework to be practised of the Patient in a Saw may break If you be constrained to use your Saw let first your Patient be well informed of the eminent danger of death by the use thereof prescribe no certaintie of life and let the work be done with his own free will and request and not otherwise Let him prepare his soul as a ready sacrifice to the Lord by earnest prayers craving mercy and help unfainedly and forget thou not also thy dutie in that kinde to crave mercy and help from the Almightie Other Rules which concern the
The high and Mighty Prince Charles by the prouidence of god king of England Scotland France and Ireland etc Forne Noue 29 1600 began his rainge March 27 1625 p 〈◊〉 excudit The Surgeons Mate or Military Domestique Surgery Discouering faithfully plainly y e method and order of y e Surgeons chest y e vses of the Instruments the vertues and Operations of y e Medicines w th y e exact Cures of wounds made by Gun-shott and otherwise as Namely Wounds Apostumes Vlcers Fistula's Fractures dislocations w th y e the most easie safest wayes of Amputation or dismembring The cures of the Scuruey of y e fluxes of y e belly of y e Collicke and Iliaca Passio of Tenasmus and Exitus Ani and of the Calenture with A Treatise of y e cure of y e Plague Published for the seruice of his Ma. tie and of the com wealth By John Woodall M r in Chyrurgerie LONDON Printed by John Legate for Nicholas Bourne and are to be sold at his Shop at the south entrance of the Royall Exchange 1655. TO THE KINGS MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTIE CHARLES By the grace of God King of England Scotland France and Ireland Defender of the Faith c. YOur poore Subiect in all humilitie hath hereby presumed to prostrate as at the feete of your sacred Maiestie for protection these his unworthie workes in Surgerie which containe in them the method and scope of the Militarie Surgeons Chest with all the necessarie appurtenances that are usefull in Surgerie for the Warres which he tendereth as a poore expression of his dutie and zeale for the use of your Maiesties service upon all Militarie occasions for Surgerie either by Land or Sea expressing therein the easiest and safest wayes and means of healing the wounds and other great infirmities and diseases that warre usually produceth for the benefit comfort and better safetie of your Maiesties valiant Captains Souldiers and hardie Sea-men The which his poore labours if the Authour may be so happie as from your most pious and unlimited benignitie to finde a gracious acceptance he shall with a ioyfull heart esteem his endeavours to be highly dignified Your Majesties most humble subject and servant John Woodall Surgeon of your Highnesse Hospitall of St. Bartholomewes and Surgeon generall of the East-India Companie TO THE VVORSHIPFVLL THE MASTERS and GOVERNORS of the mystery of Barber Chirurgions of London for the time being viz. To William Clowes Esquire Sergeant Surgeon to his Majestie and at present Master M. William Lingham Master George Dan and Master Henry Watson Wardens To Richard Watson and Michael Andrewes both Esquires Surgeons in ordinarie to his Majestie and ancient Masters together with the rest of the Assistants Examiners of Surgeons the Livery and whole fraternity of Surgeons of London John Woodall an ancient Master of that mystery the Authour of the ensuing Treatises sendeth greeting in our Lord God everlasting BEloved Brethren publick and private salutations are Christian duties imposed upon all men by the holy Apostle S. Paul the time or frequency thereof unlimited Wherefore my self even now upon the putting forth of these my ensuing works by that precept am taught and do hereby send you a salutation greeting you in the name of the Almighty giving you thanks for the loving society I have found and respectively enjoyed amongst you for fourty years past and more till this present As also for your good likings and well approvings of my former works and editions yet extant with you namely my Surgeons Mate and Viaticum which now revised I have here with my other works again published which were by me penned in my love to you for the use of the younger sort of Surgeons your servants who when they had received their first rudiments from you as Apprentices yet neverthelesse as might be conceived were wanting of some further helps for their proficiencies in Art to the leading them on in knowledge as namely first to know the office and duties of a Surgeons Mate which my self first penned and published for their instructions and having therein proposed unto them the method of a Surgeons Chest and also opened to their view the composure and order of the first methodical Surgeons Chest for their further incouragement in way of Art I then gave them a help to the said Surgeons Chest namely I published for them a Viaticum a book so called in Anno 1628. for their journeying after which as followeth I have explained unto them such other documents as may be presumed that by their diligent endeavours and careful putting them in practice they may in short time become good proficients in military and domestick Surgery men fit and able for the service of his Majestie and the Common-wealth in their Science upon all occasions And moreover for as much as that contagious and noysome disease of the Plague hath of late yeares spread it self into many parts of this Kingdome which though now ceased may return at Gods pleasure none knoweth how soon my self as some of you know having in my younger daies lived in France Germany Polonia and other forreign parts for divers years together where for want of better and beneficial imployments I was forced for my maintenance to follow the practice of the cure of the Plague and having emboldened my self thereby ever as in an assured hope that God who had called me to professe the mysterie of healing would surely protect me therein I persisted in my endeavors and having kept my Papers of receipts and experiments together which I made in the cure of that dreadfull disease at my return for England I begun and practised in London the cure thereof first in the year of the great Plague at the first entrance of King James of blessed memorie and left not the Citie when the disease was at the highest neither then did I omit to visit and cure any that desired my help and ever since in some sort I have been helpful to the curing thereof neither will I desist from affording my medicine to the diseased whilest God spares me life and ability And further I have here for future publick good although by my own dear experience searched into the supernatural and dreadful causes symptomes crisis and cures thereof the particulars of all which I have in one of the following Treatises published to the help of my younger brethren nothing doubting but that some of them will by their better educations and further experiences therein furnish the following Ages with better documents then my slendernesse can unfold In the mean time since that for this fourty years last past no Surgeon of our Nation hath published any book of the true practice of Surgery to benefit the younger sort these my mean Treatises onely excepted I desire you to accept of my good will instead of good deeds at the least not to reject it till better comes in place by succession of time And so not omitting the continuance of my good affection
Chest for although there may seem many particulars yet there wanteth at the least forty more that may not in true method be omitted in a due proportion as namely all the instruments for manual uses and operations all the most useful of which are expressed in an Index following the Preface in the beginning of the Book Place this Chest betwixt Fol. 26. and 27. AN ABRIDGMENT OF The vertues of certain EMPLAISTERS mentioned which are most usual in the SURGEONS Chest Emplastrum stipticum Paracelsi THis composition devised by the famous Philosophers Philippus Theophrastus and Paracelsus excelleth in the cure of piercing wounds and stabs as also in the cure of all dangerous wounds whatsoever it hath the precedence as well for contused as incised wounds for it asswageth pain defendeth from accidents discusseth mollifieth attracteth incarneth digesteth and consolidates and is also good for an old ach proceeding of a cold cause It is further especially good for ulcers on the leggs or elsewhere in any part of the body it is of temperament warm and very comfortable For approbation whereof you may see Paracelsus his own words which I have here inserted Hoc Emplastrum est magis vertutis divinae quam humanae Valet ad omnes plagas novas antiquas Abstergit mundificat carnem bonam generat consolidat ex fundo plus una septimana quam aliâ—d quodcunque in mense nec permittit fieri aliquam putrefactionem corruptionem nec malam carnem generat Valet omnibus nervis incisis ut conquassatis musculis Valet omnibus inflaturis abstrabit ferrum lignum plumbum de plaga eidem suppositum Valet contra omnes morsuras cujuscunque morsurae bestiae venenosae puncturas Serpentis maturat sanat omne generatum cujuscunque Apostumatis superpositum Valet in membris generationis si ibi fuerit corruptio Valet contra Cancrum fistulas contra ignem persicum sedat dolores cujuscunque plagae Haec Theophrast Bombast Diachilon magnum cum gummis THis Emplaister dissolveth maturateth and mollifieth hardnesses and is principally good in Apostumes it is of temperament warm and moist It was first devised by a certain Artist named Serapis Avicenna as some think invented it but others judge that Mesues was the inventor thereof Diachilon parvum THis Emplaister is very good to dissolve schirras tumours of the liver spleen reins belly or elsewhere it is wholly composed of mollifying and discussing ingredients it serveth generally for hot or cold causes but chiefly for hot For I hold it to be of temperament cold the rather by reason of the much Litharge in it which if a mineral may be called either hot or cold Litharge cold it is without question It was devised by Mesues Diacalcitheos THis Emplaster mitigateth pain it is a good defensative against all venemous humours and will very well induce a cicatrice in wounds and ulcers also it hath an especial good quality to asswage the pain in the small of the back proceeding from distempered kidnies by hot causes aswell concerning the stone and gravel as in the Gonorrea and dissolved or relented with oyl of roses or elders or of linseed it is a very good medicine to heal burnings and scaldings It was devised first by Galenus of temperament it is cooling and drying Empl. Oxicrâ—ceum THis is a very ancient composition but ascribed chiefly to Nicolaus an ancient Writer as Author thereof it is of quality anodine attracting mollifying and comforting asswageth pains in the gout proceeding of a cold cause and is good in cold Aches and by that attracting vertue it hath it draweth out vapors per por os cutis or the sweat vents in the skin whereby it often unladeth the body of vicious and noisome humors which otherwise might indanger the Patient of temperament it is hot and moist c. Empl. Melilotum per splen THis Emplaster mollifieth all hardnesse of the liver spleen and ventricle dissolveth windinesse ceaseth vehement pains provoked by wind as namely in the disease called flatus hypocrondriacus which is a flatuous or windy pain gathered near unto the Spleen it is also generally good against the gathering together of any congealed cold substance in the stomack or liver of temperament it is warm and comforting exceedingly It was devised by Meâ—ues an ancient writer Empl. Melilotum simplex THis is good in green wounds for it draweth and healeth well also â—t attracteth and bringeth forward a cold Apostume and is an especial secret and the best thing I ever knew in curing kybed heels and chilblains it is of temperament hot and moist and was devised by Mesues Emplastrum de lapide calaminari or Grisium THis Emplaster I may speak of my own experience is a good healer of ulcers which are hard to be cicatrized and hath an especial vertue in curing of buboes as well venereal as pestilential It is also the best incarnative of all the Plasters that ever I used Emplastrum de Minio THis Minium-plaster is a good discusser of hot humors a good swager of pains mollifieth well repelleth somewhat and is very commodiously used upon wounds and ulcers to further good healing it induceth also a good cicatrice In the tumour of scrâ—tum or rather of the Testicles called Hernia humoralis commonly following the sudden stopping of Gonorrae it is a very convenient anodine and discussing Plaster This Emplaster likewise is very good to asswage pain in any case where safely an anodine Emplaster is required as namely in contused or distorted joynts onely note that this Emplastrum de Minio is meant of the composition set down by that reverent Master Galle in his Dispensatory for I make mine according to his description Emplastrum calidum THis Emplastrum stomachi or calidum is a composition described by Johannes Jacobus Weckerus under that name pag. 953. of his Dispensatory it is onely used where a comforting Emplaster of a very warm temperament is required it is a needful Emplaster of a very warm temperament is required it is a needful Emplaster in the Surgeons Chest for it comforteth much the liver or stomack debilitated by cold humours and helpeth well digestion yet in want thereof Paracelsus Plaster though not so fitly may serve AN ABRIDGMENT OF The vertues of certain Unguents most usual in the SURGEONS Chest Vnguentum Basilicon THis unguent doth digest and incarn wounds and ulcers and will also prepare and bring to suppuration an Apostume either hot or cold being somewhat thick spread on towe or leather and applyed thereto it also mitigateth the pain and pulsation thereof and is likewise very fitly mixed either with praecipitate Unguentum Egyptiacum or the like medicine the more easily and better to mundifie and cleanse an ulcer this unguent is of temperament warm and it is ascribed to have been devised by Galen it is also good for burnings and scaldings Vnguentum Apostolorum THis unguent serveth well to cleanse and scowre ulcers and fistula's and to make a good ground to healing
it is of temperament hot and dry it was devised by Avicen named Apostolorum for that it consisteth of twelve several ingredients joyned into one body Vnguentum Aureum THis unguent serveth well to incarn wounds and ulcers being first well mundified it is also to be used as a balm to them to heal them and is a good healer of burnings and scaldings the fire first taken out The composition which I do make is of the practice of Josephus Querâ—itanus whose good use I have made trial of Vnguentum Egyptiacum THis unguent serveth to scowre it mundifieth all rotten foul ulcers and is best to be put into the grief scalding hot for then the usual pain and corrosion it procureth will be quickly past in like manner it is to be used in any venemous wounds made either with poysoned shot or bitten with mad dogs or any other venemous creature or great contused wounds wherein for preventing them from fear of a Gangreen it excelleth It serveth also well to be used alone or mixed with any lotion for ulcers of the mouth and throat especially in the scurvie This unguent drieth vehemently and is abstersive it is of temperament hot and dry and was devised by Mesues Vnguentum album Camphoratum THis unguent is very good to cool and heal any hot moist pustles it cureth excoriations of the skin in any place but chiefly in the yard betwixt glans and praeputium it also healeth burnings and scaldings very well and is good to be applyed to any painfull ulcer for it asswageth pain and healeth well It was invented by Avicen it is of temperament cold anodine mollificative and attractive and therefore of very good consequence in the Surgeons Chest Vnguentum Diapompholigos THis unguent is good to heal painful ulcers in any part of the body especially of the yard or betwixt glans and praeputium as also any fretting or painful ulcers of the leggs or elsewhere I have found it good before all other unguents in ulcers of the yard indeed against virulent painfull and corrosive ulcers scarce a better composition is known in Noli me tangere in the face I have had good experience of it and in many other occasions I have found it a very useful unguent of temperament it is cold and dry Nicolaus Alexandrinus was the Author of it Vnguentum Pectorale IT swageth the pains and stitches of the breast and sides easeth the cough helpeth expectoration as also to digest grosse humours and to attenuate them it warmeth and comforteth a cold stomack This composition is set down in the Dispensatory of Augustanus Vnguentum Rosatum THis is used against inflammations Ignem sacrum and all hot pains of the head it asswageth the pains of the liver kidnies and belly proceeding of heat and hath vertue to corroborate It was invented by Mesues Vnguentum Tripharmacon or Nutritum THis serveth well to cure an Erysipilas excoriation or bladderings of the skin such also as are termed the Shingles it is also good for to take the fire out of burnings and scaldings and for any moist humour flowing to any ulcers in any part of the body being spread upon cap-paper thin and laid over the whole distempered part also against any sleight scabbinesse or itching humour whence soever it is it â—â—â—an especial good defensative against any scalding or vicious humour flowing to any ulcer Of temperament this unguent is cold and dry it is subject to divide it self namely the Oyl Litharge and Vinegar asunder which if it be wrought together again will be as good as at the first and if it be over dry add vinegar and oyl thereto and it will be as good as ever Unguentum Populeum THis serveth well to asswage the pains of the Sourvy by anointing the parts grieved there with I may justly say upon the experience of divers skilful Surgeons and my own also that as well in hot as in cold countries it hath been found so exceeding comfortable and behoveful that scarce any composition of an Unguent in the Surgeons Chest may compare with it which some may think is a very absurd affirmation in reason but that experience will have it so It is good also to annoint the Temples to provoke rest in hot fevers as also the palms of the hands and soles of the feet It is likewise good to be applyed for swaging of pain in any part of the body and being applyed cold upon a Plegent where you have laid any corrosive it easeth the dolour of the caustick medicine Of temperament it is cold and moist it was devised by Nicolaus Mel Saponis MEl Saponis is honey and sope mixed ana partes aequales and is a medicine appointed to be first applyed upon a burning or scalding to take the fire out It is a linament of ancient use amongst our countrey Surgeons and good but I find it not mentioned in ancient Writers in want whereof use Tripharmacon or an infusion of Vinegar and Litharge namely â„ž Litharge of gold in powder â„¥ 4. wine Vinegar lib i. mix them well and boil them very gently a little on the fire and the Vinegar will become sweet as sugar and very anodine foment the grief therewith and you shall find present ease to the party Or take Populeum and unguentum album mixed and apply it on soft cap-paper first being well rubbed with your hand to make it so or take Diacalcithios or Minium plaster and mix it with Linseed-oyl or oyl of Elders till it be a gentle unguent and so apply it or Tripharmacon alone will do well also Honey alone is a good medicine Unguentum contra ignem THis composition used that purpose you shall find in Johannâ—s Weckerus his Dispensatory pag. 1174. I have found it very good against burnings and scaldings as also against burnings with Gunpowder Where I write the compositions of my medicines in general that also shall be expressed In want of this composition the Vng. album either alone or mixed with Tripharmacon will do very well which if it be too hard or dry you may mix oyl of Roses or Linseed with it and for want of this you may take Diacalcithios or Minium mixed or relented with any of the said oyles or any other fitting oyl as oyl olive simple also unguentum Basilicon is very good in burnings and scaldings Unguentum contra scorbutum THe composition of this Unguent is recited in the cure of the Scurvy I have had the practice thereof and found it very good to attenuate grosse tumors of the Scurvy to asswge the pains of them and by the use thereof to dissolve such tumors I use this Unguent in cold causes and in want thereof ung Martiatum or Oleum Laurini or Dialthea but in hot griefs and very painful I use Populeum Unguentum Dialthea compositum THis Unguent Nicolas an ancient writer seemeth to be the Author of It is profitable against pains of the breast proceeding of a cold cause and against the Pleurisie it warmeth mollifieth and
Axungia Porcina IT is called Axungia of anointing the Axle-tree to make the wheeles turn easier about for which cause many use it to this day It is liquid flowing like oyl with warmeth it hath a lenifying and anodine quality and therefore it is not unprofitably used for mitigation of sharp humours asswaging of pain healing of burnings with fire and very fitly mixed with Cataplasmes appointed for those effects Axungia Cervi THis Axungia is of a hot nature doth asswage aches resolveth and mollifieth hard tumours in any part of the body And by experience is found very good administred in Glisters to heal the excoriations of the Intestinum rectum for it is anodine and very sanative The manner to use it is somewhat touched in some other my instructions elsewhere Mel simplex ENglish honey being yellow the favour and odour pleasant sharpe pure sincere clear fast or stiffe yeelding little spume in decocting is good and very profitable for those that are costive also for the stomack if one drink it with water it helpeth the bladder and reins it is good for the eyes mundifieth openeth and healeth As for burnings and scaldings it cureth them without scar and is very good to heal ulcers of the ears and saith Dioscorides drunk with water is wholesome for the belly and stomack it helpeth such as are pained in the kidnies and bladder It is also good to anoint the eyes with to clear the dimnesse of sight in them it hath an abstergent or cleansing force it openeth the mouthes of veins whereby it also draweth out fordid matter or quiâ—tur from fetide ulcers But the best honey of all other is that which is gathered in Lituania a Province of Polonia where the Bees breed onely in high trees and gather their honey from a certain flower growing on trees called in Latine Flos Tiliae or Tili in the Germane tongue Lindâ—n holt This honey is white hard and very fragant or odoriferous Of the vertues and uses of sundry Cordial waters FOrasmuch as compound cordial waters truly made of the Spirit of wine with the addition of divers especial costly and medicinal spices drugs and other precious additaments now much in use have been found very available and comfortable by many experiences not onely at Sea and in the very remotest parts of the earth either hot or cold to our nation and others in their travels but also here at home upon many occasions have ministred great help and comfort both in preserving the body in health from diseases and also in curing many great infirmities especially when they have proceeded of cold causes I thought it a thing not unnecessary briefly to set down the vertues and uses of some of the principal of them for the benefit of young Surgeons Aqua Caelestis MAthiolus in his Commentaries upon Dioscorides setteth down this excellent water as a principal Antidote or preservative against all poysons or poysoned and infectious aires whatsoever for that either received into the body or but onely smelled unto it helpeth very much against infections and that it doth very admirably restore again one fallen either of the dead palsie or falling sicknesse and is also good either in the Collick or any gripings of the guts as also in any the weaknesses of the stomack and against any cold fluxes of the guts or belly two spoonfuls thereof given in a glister and hath many more especial good uses and vertues there set down which for brevity I must passe over D r. Steevens his water THis Water needeth no man to describe his vertues being a thing so common and ancient in use composed by that learned Physitian of worthy memory so named Experience hath found it to be a notable cordial water for comforting the head and heart yea and all the principal faculties of the body both animal vital and natural if it be truly prepared and of this there needeth no question if you will but believe the seller thereof Rosa solis THis Rosa solis or rather Rossolis taketh his name of an herb so called which herb is very medicinable as namely against consumptions it hath been often approved and found a certain remedy But the Rosa Solis composition being without deceit made is far more precious for it comforteth the stomack and brain helpeth digestion strengtheneth the appetite openeth obstructions is good against the palsie and falling sicknesse and hath many other vertues Cynamon Water THis Water doth comfort and strengthen the stomack the liver the milt the lungs the heart the brain and the sinewes sharpneth the sight is good against venoms as also the stingings and bitings of venemous beasts helpeth a bad or evil savouring breath is good against loathing of the stomack and where you desire to warm to open to attenuate digest or corroborate in all such cases this precious liquour excelleth witnesse Johannes Jacobus Weekerus alledging Mathiolus yea and divers other famous Writers beside experience it self Limon Water THis is the tincture and chief essence drawn by the spirit of wine from the rindes of Limons which is a great restorative to mans nature and a precious Cordial which not onely aromatizeth the stomack but much strengthneth the feebled spirits and is as an healing balsame to all the inward parts of the body and doth open obstructions and break the wind in the stomack exceedingly Juyce of Limons is touched elsewhere in the cure of Scurvy Rosemary Water THis is a great comforter of the brain sharpneth the sight helpeth the weaknesse of the stomack preserveth from vomiting is very good against the disease Dysentery or the bloody flix the cause proceeding of cold either drunk or three spoonfuls taken in a Glister when you are ready to administer the same It hath very many other good properties too long here to recite Sassafras Water THe spirit of this precious root is a great opener of all obstructions or stoppings in the body namely of the liver the lungs the kidnies and of the spleen and therby it is found by many experiences excellent against the Scurvy the French disease and the yellow jaundise it is an approved remedy also against cold fevers and the dropsie or for those which are inclining thereto for it provoketh urine and sweat in a very mild and natural manner and driveth out many diseases by the pores of the skin It hath infinite more vertues ascribed unto it the best of these roots grow in Virginia You may read Monardus of the vertues of this root more at large in his Treatise of New Spain Aniseed-water THis water as the former and also those which follow have all their substances from the Spirit of wine and must therefore being truly so made retain the manifold good vertues thereof and besides having therein the whole vertues of the Anise-seeds it is found very excellent against wind in the stomack or else-where in the body and against Asma the Tisick and shortnesse of breath it also breaketh flegme and warmeth the stomack Worm
wood Water NO water whatsoever more gratefull to the stomack then is Wormwood water truly composed for it is as balsame thereto It consumeth and breaketh wind mightily killeth the worms whereunto our Nation are subject in the East-Indies hindereth vomiting provoketh appetite is very good against pains in the head proceeding of a cold cause and is very Cordial Balme Water THis water hath a great respect to the heart for of all other but the former no herb is esteemed more Cordial then this and is of a grateful smell and tast yet I hold it more proper to women then men for it much respecteth the infirmities of the Mother and is in the times of their pains very comfortable to take a little of it for the safer and sooner provoking of speedy delivery Angelica water ANgelica water may serve well in stead of Treakle or Mithridate for a preservative against the Plague or any infectious aire for there is no one thing more commended by ancient and moderne Writers in that kind then Angelica is whereof there is good experience it is also very stomachical and cordial and being truly made will retain his strength and vertues forty years and more Mint Water AQua Menthae doth warm and strengthen the stomack liver spleen or milt helpeth concoction stayeth vomit and is very Cordial Aqua Cardui Benedicti CArdâ—â—s Benedictus Water doth ease the pain of the head confirmeth the memory cureth a quartane provoketh sweat and comforteth the vital spirits The Conclusion AL these waters and spirits rehearsed though in themselves they be good yet if any of the best of them be abused and immoderately taken they may as soon do harm as profit I advise therefore no man to make a common use of them or any of them which hath a young able body and may have a good diet at his pleasure for they are chiefly to be used at sea where mens bodies by variety of the venemous vapours and evil dispositions of the aire or unkind diet are in hazzard or where there is a weak stomack evil digestion with a loathing disposition to meat evil appetite and too much loosnesse of the belly also where by extream heat and sweat the spirits of the body are exhausted and spent or where through the extream cold of the same the body is much annoyed and endangered In all these and infinite more evils incident to mens bodies abroad and at home these precious liquors minister present comfort They also are very behoveful to aged people after their meats to help digestion or them which have weak stomacks or that are of sad and melancholy dispositions for it must not be denied that wine comforteth the heart of man and these waters having their original and whole force from the spirit or life of the wine do thereby exhilarate mans heart and give him courage as well as cure his infirmities If therefore these waters be truly made they ought also to be strong of the spirit of wine otherwise they will not keep long good neither are they profitable nor wholsome and being good one spoonful at one time is sufficient or two spoonfuls at the most for the preserving of health they are best to be taken fasting one hour or two after dinner and last at night either alone or with beere or wine some make a toste fasting and drop the same full of cordial water and so eat it and that is very good In gripings of the guts collick or flixes of the belly proceeding of cold causes or much crudity three spoonfuls or four may be used at once in a Glifter but you must not boil it therein onely put it in when it is ready to be administred for if you do otherwise the spirit will evaporate and be of no force Aqua Rosarum Daâ—ascenarum DAmask Rose-water doth refrigerate and comfort the heart is good against swouning and causeth sleep Aqua Rosarum Rubrarum REd Rose-water doth refrigerate bind and corroborate the vitall and animal faculties benefiteth the head easeth the pained eares and eyes and doth good in inflammations and is profitable in medicines against Dysentery Aqua Odorifera SWeet water is very necessary and profitable to aromatize the body and refresh the senses it sweetneth the garments taking all offensive savours away and doth much exhilarate the spirits being well composed of true Aromatick Ingredients Aqua Plantaginis PLantane water is astringent and sanative good to them that are in a consumption of the lungs in a dropsie or that have the bloody flix good also against the quartane ague it cureth the ulcers of the reins bladder and excoriations of the passage of the yard and being drunk helpeth against ardent urine or the sharpnesse of the water Aqua Falopii FOr this water if you desire the composition thereof I refer you to the Author namely Gabrielus Falopius in his Treatise De Morbo Gallico but hereafter I mean to set down some several compositions thereof for the Author hath divers It is a water proper and is made chiefly of Mercury sublimed I say chiefly for that though the other things for quantity be ten for one yet sublimed Mercury will carry no cools but will ever shew his valour in healing or spoiling I put not this composition ready made into any Surgeons Chest but rather leave the ingredients and let the discreet Surgeon make it to please himself for if I my self should find such a composition made by any I should much fear to use of it and so I wish the Surgeons Mate to do in all Mercurial Lotions but rather let him use such other good Lotions as are set down in the cure of the Scurvy unto any of which he may add sublimate and term it if he please Aquâ— Falopii but I say let him well understand himself both in the composition and administration of any such medicines or let him crave advice or rather forbear them and use other safer medicines though their vertues or vices perhaps be fewer Aqua viridis THis Green water which is held a maxime by some Surgeons hath his tincture from Viridi or Aeris and likewise his astringent tast and vertue His chief use is concerning the cures of Opthalmiae in the eyes and also against divers rheumes or distillations of humours troubling the eyes guttatim or drop-wise adminstred for the description whereof I refer the Reader to the rest of my compositions where they shall be found together but I use in place thereof Lapis medicamentosâ—s which in his place also shall be spoken of Aqua fortis AQua fortis or strong water I have to satisfie some Surgeons put into their Chests but for my self I see no reason for it nor do I know any Chirurgical use it hath which is not much better performed by oyl of vitriâ—l whereunto I refer you rather for that it is a far sweeter and surer medicine as at large shall be spoken of in his place Verjuice VErvise or Verjuice made of the juyce of
of the several uses of the same medicine in divers parts of Chirurgery as well as in the opening of tumours but my hast calleth me to the next Wherefore at this time I crave pardon Sal Absinthii Geâ—â—â—ae Nitri VVHat my leisure hath not here permitted me to speak of them or any Salt else I have rehearsed in my Treatise general of Salt in their particular places to which I refer the friendly Reader The Index will guide him thereto Oleum Rosarum OYl of Roses is anodine and doth refrigerate and corroborate and therefore is good against hot diseases as Erysipelas Also with Mel Rosarum it is a good Balm for new wounds of the head and elsewhere and hath divers other worthy uses in Chirurgery Oleum Anetheninum OYl of Dill is anodine and comforting it concocteth crude tumors causeth sleep mitigateth the head-ach refresheth the wearied members strengtheneth the sinews discusseth wind is profitable for convulsions and asswageth aches easeth pains and hath many other good uses Oleum Chamomelinum OYl of Chamomil resolveth moderately and calefieth by anointing the parts grieved is good for the Collick stone wearinesse and for aches fevers and for all other things with the former It is also very convenient in Glisters for all gripings and tortians of the guts and yeeldeth great comfort to the intrails by the good odour and warmth thereof Oleum Lumbricorum OYl of Earth-worms helpeth the aches of the joynts in any part of the body and doth strengthen and comfort well the sinews weakned and pained and is good against convulsions and cramps it is also a good Balme for sinews wounded Oleum Liliorum OYl of Lilies doth moderately warm and resolve asswageth pain mollifieth hard tumours doth much mitigate the violence of diseases and is very effectual against pains of the breast and stomack and allayeth the inordinate heat of the reins and bladder Oleum Hipericonis simplex OYl of St. Johns wort simple is of a thin essence it is of temperament dry and anodine healing sinews pricked or wounded Also it is very profitable to them that have the Sciatica to anoint them against the swellings in the Temples Belly and Leggs through Melancholy and it is of very good use for cold aches and convulsions cramps burnings scaldings and good to cure new wounds Oleum Hipericonis compositum Oleum Aparici or Balme Artificial THese three several names of oyles or different medicines according to that Intend in the Surgeons Chest are but one and the same medicine A better balme then which to heal new wounds the Surgeons Mate need not desire to learn or know Some Writers call it by the name of Oleum Hipericonis cum gummis some Oleum Aparici some Balm Artificial The composition whereof with the rest shall follow It is best to be used in wounds as hot as the Patient can endure it and for the first time rather hotter It is a sure medicine for all venemous wounds all bitings of mad doggs or of venemous worms very hot applyed and the parts about anointed therewith warm remembring in all venemous griefs a Cordial is also requisite In my own practice it is almost all the unctious medicine I ever use for the curing of wounds and contusions and I never repented my self of the use thereof In piercing wounds and stabs it is a medicine a Surgeon may well relye on it will not disgrace him It is a very comfortable medicine against all pains aches and witherings of the outward limbs proceeding of cold causes using it warm with good friction and a plaister of Burgundy pitch spread on leather and applyed thereon or rather Empl. Stipticum Paracelsi I speak this of practice and I could say much more of my own experience touching the praise of this worthy medicine if time would serve but for this present accept of this abridgment Oleum Sambucinum OYle of Elder-flowers doth lenifie and purge the skin is good for the obstructions of the liver helpful for the joynts and nerves pained the parts grieved being anointed therewith given in glisters it procureth stools healeth the yellow Jaundise amendeth belly-ach and easeth the griping pains thereof Oleum Lini OYl of Linseed is anodine cureth convulsions mitigateth the hardnesse of the arteries muscles and nerves asswageth the pain of the Hemorrhoides and helpeth the unnatural clefts chaps and fissures of the fundament Oleum Ovorum OYl of Eggs clenseth the skin taketh away the filthinesse and all the sears thereof occasioned by cuts or bitings or at the least much diminisheth them so that they can hardly be seen it cureth burnings killeth ring-worms healeth excoriations and is prevalent against any ulcer chaps or ill matter arising out of the flesh either in the hands feet arms leggs or in any other part of the body Oleum Laurinum OYl of Bayes is a medicine calefying mollifying opening and discussing it doth much mitigate the Collick delivered into the body by glister it is a present remedy against cold griefs of the brain nerves arteries and loins the parts anointed therewith it represseth the violence of a fever the spina dorsi or region of the back bone anointed therwith it is good for the Palfie Sciatica the hardnesse and pains of the spleen and is much used as well to cure the scab and ring-worm as the Scurvy Oleum Absinthii OYl of wormwood doth calefie and corroborate especially the stomack raiseth an appetite concoeteth crude humours dissipateth and disperseth wind killeth worms and taketh away obstructions proceeding from a cold cause the parts grieved being anointed therewith and likewise it is good in glisters for the like occasions Oleum Papaverum OYl of Poppies cureth the intemperature of heat in the reins and fevers and procureth sleep being anointed on the nose temples or eares maketh lubrick and lenifieth the sharpnesse thereof Oleum Petreoli OYl of Peter is hot and dry and by the tenuity of the essence thereof doth penetrate and digest all excremental matter it is used with profit for the falling sicknesse palsie giddinesse of the head and is good for many other griefs arising from cold causes Oleum Scorpionum Oyl of Scorpions is of especial use to break the stone in the reins and bladder and Manardus commendeth it against the pestilence all contagion and fevers but chiefly in expelling poyson It is likewise good to asswage the pains of the back proceeding by distempered kidnies Oleum Amygdalarum dulcium Oyl of sweet Almonds doth lenifie the roughnesse of the breast and throat as also the hardnesse drinesse of the joynts is good against the consumption of the lungs it is also of good use to be drunk in the hectick fevers it stayeth the cough asswageth the heat of urine healeth ulcers by injection is very good in Colica or Iliaca Passio to be drunk and administred in glisters Oleum Amygdalarum amararum OYl of bitter Almonds doth open obstructions discusseth wind and vapours but chiefly it healeth deafnesse the hissing and pain of the ears
lenifieth the hardnesse of the sinewes and maketh the face and hands fair c. Balsamum Naturale NAtural Balsamum or Opobalsamum is very good for them that are short winded for the obstructions of the liver and for griefs of the stomack it helpeth the consumption of the lungs and causeth an appetite besides the excellent vertue sanative it hath both inwardly and outwardly in the cure of wounds it hath also many other good vertues Oleum Vitrioli OYl of Vitrial is exceeding hot and cold mixed in waters decoctions sirrupes or conserves maketh them in tast tart or sowrish and in colour purple-like delighting them that are sick of fevers freeth obstructions recreateth the bowels and is very effectual in the pestilence falling sicknesse palsie and stopping of urine See more hereof in the treatise of Salt Oleum sulphuris per Campanam OYl of Sulphur made from the humide vapours thereof is good to make the teeth white to take away the morphew cureth venereal ulcers expelleth diseases arising from wind or cold is good against the falling sicknesse shortnesse of breath evil affections of the lungs easeth the tooth-ach and is being well prepared a true cordial medicine Oleum Garyophilorum OYl of Cloves not unlike to Opobalsamum in strength doth sweeten the breath driveth away putrede humours discusseth wind openeth the pores of the liver digesteth cold humours dissipateth the melancholick humours healeth old and new ulcers stayeth the putrefaction of the bones and asswageth the pain of the teeth proceeding from a cold cause Oleum Macis OYl of Mace doth calefie and digest cold humours roborate the stomack helpeth concoction raiseth an appetite aud procureth many other benefits to him that useth it Oleum Philosophorum OYl of Philosophers or of tile-stones or brick-bats the eldest is the best very like it is to Oleum Petreoleum in vertue it doth attenuate and penetrate upward digesteth and consumeth all excremental matter and is profitable for cold affections of the spleen reins bladder nerves womb and joynts for the Lethargie Apoplexie and falling sicknesse and many other the like griefs Oleum Anisi OYl of Anise-seeds prevaileth against the collick arising from wind and cold against the Tympany inflation and crudity of the stomack against the gripings and the crying of the intestines c. Oleum Terebinthinae OYl of Turpentine is taken inwardly for shortnesse of breath the ptysick against the stone the collick cold and windy affections of the breast it is outwardly used for to heal sinews wounded or troubled with any intemperature also to fill ulcers with flesh and knit them up leaving no cicatrice in them Oleum Juniperiunm OYl of Juniper is commended for the cure of the morphew of the skin it provoketh urine and agreeth with the cure of diseases of the reins it is good to be taken certain drops thereof against any pestilential vapours for the stone it is also good and to be drunk certain drops against penetrating wounds Oleum Spicae OYl of Spike doth calefie attenuate discusse and is very profitable to them that have the Gout proceeding of a cold cause or to comfort any member benummed also it is good against the falling sicknesse and convulsions the temples nape of the neck yea and the whole head to be anointed therewith is very profitable Oleum Antimonii OYl of Antimony or Stibium is good for them that have convulsions or any astonishing disease and other evil affections of the brain four grains thereof drunk it asswageth the pain of the gout and collick cureth fevers helpeth the bladder ulcerated and wonderfully helpeth the Canker Fistula phagedena the fretting or eating pockes the wolfe and all other sorts of ulcers Oleum Succini Chimice OYl of Amber helpeth the pain in the head resolution of the sinews and falling evil if one dop or two be taken with water of Betony or Lavender or in fair water it preserveth also from poyson and mixed with parsley water or Malmesey is a singular remedy in discussing diseases of the reins and bladder bringing forth the stone and opening the passages of the urine it profiteth in the collick and strangullion Four drops put into a little Angelica water and so given to a woman in travel refresheth all the weak faculties of the body confirmeth and openeth the brain Oleum Absinthii Chimice OYl of wormwood is good for the stomack to strengthen it to stay vomiting to kill worms asswageth the pain of the teeth and is used in agues Oleum Origani OYl of Origanum cureth malancholy helpeth the dropsie and cureth the cough the quartane fever and the tooth ach Syrupus Absinthii SIrupe of wormwood is said to corroborate the stomack help concoction cause an appetite discusse wind open the veins and to move urine kill worms c. Syrupus Limonum SIrupe of Limons is Cordial and refrigerating and I may say calefying too it doth please and profit the appetite and comforteth all that are sick of the pestilence continual and contagious fevers as also all diseases on which exceeding great heat attendeth cheareth up the heavy heart and dispelleth sorrow therefrom and against all obstructions of the spleen it is a good help and also well approved in the cure of the Scurvy Syrupus Papaverum SIrupe of white Poppies hath an astringent quality it procureth fleep helpeth the cough hindereth the humours which distill from the head into the throat tickling and is of precious use against the Palsie if it be used in the beginning thereof Syrupus Cinamomi SIrupe of Cynamon is commended to be very good to old men that are cold and weak and to them whose vigour humidity and natural heat diminisheth it nourisheth much begetteth blood and quickneth all the vitall parts Syrupus Rosarum simplex SIrupe of Roses simple doth quench thirst especially in fevers mitigateth their heat refrigerateth the stomack and liver being very hot Syrupus Rosarum solutivarum SIrupe of Roses solutive is used as a gentle and safe purge both to old and young when they are molested either with burning or pestilent fevers or any hot distemperature of the body Syrupus Violarum SIrupe of Violets doth break the acrimony of melancholy tempereth the heat of the bowels bringeth down the belly by purging it helpeth the diseases of the throat as hoarsenesse and the dry cough and is a chief aide to the curing inflammations of the breast against the pleurisic and quencheth thirst in fevers and is cordial Oximel simplex OXimel simple is in great use for the cure of inflammations of the lungs and throat helpeth expectoration and difficult breathing cutteth and attenuateth thick and slimy humours purgeth the entrails without trouble and is good both in cold an hot affections Mel Rosarum OR Honey of Roses strengtheneth and cleanseth the stomack purgeth clammy humours helpeth concoction with the temperate heat thereof allayeth and stoppeth hot fluxes the phlegmon of the mouth gums and jawes is singular good with oyl of Roses for wounds in the head These two with Aqua
price should be resonable for the poorer sort the ingredients thereof being neverthelesse Cordial and yet such as are easie to get It may be used well in place of Mithridate and in truth I had rather put my self upon it as a good Cordial being fresh made then upon the Mithridate we buy from beyond the Seas for it is by the Hollanders so uncharitably sophisticated that a man may fear to take it in his need my self chanced in Holland into the house of a Bore as they term him to lodge who lived by making of Mithridate and Treakel he confessed to me his Mithridate had but nine simples in it he had also pewter boxes marked so artificially as no man could discover them to be other then right Venice ones I have appointed to the Surgeons Chest some of the Species of the London Treakel ready powdered and dry that the diligent Surgeon at his will may compose a London Treakel at Sea namely by taking hony ℥ iii. and of this powder ℥ i. and heat them together stirring them well till all be incorporated and give it as need shall require Confectio Alkermis COnfectio Alkermis preserveth from Apoplexies arising from cold and melancholy humors doth very much comfort the brain and heart and is sometimes used very profitably for them that languish away through long sicknesse and are subject to swoundings Electuarium deovo Electuarium de ovo is very much commended for prevention and cure of the plague and all pestilential diseases in expelling the infection from the heart Mithridatum Damocratis MIthridate of Damocratis is in quality and vertue like to Treakel but more hot and forcible against the poyson of Serpents mad Dogs wilde Beasts creeping things being used as a plaster or drunk it cureth all the cold affections of the head helpeth the melancholick or those that are fearful of waters them also that have the falling sicknesse Megrum pain in the bowels ears tooth-ach and weeping eyes healeth the evils of the mouth and jawes being plasterwise laid to the temples by discussion giveth ease to the troubled with the Squinancie Apoplexie cough spitting of blood Impostumes or inflammations of the lungs or any griefs within the body and is good against the bloody flix flux of the stomack obstruction of the guts and against wringing and tortions in them being taken with aqua vitae and the decoction of baulastians it remedieth convulsions and palsie helpeth the middriffe flatus Hypocondria the pains of the reins and bladder breaketh the stone provoketh urine and monthly flowers expelleth other vices of the matrix yeeldeth a singular benefit for the Gout profiteth not a little in quotidians and quartanes or a quantity drunk in wine being first warmed and then taken an hour before the fit Theriaca Andromachi ANdromachus Treakel doth the effects of Mithridatum Damocratis and is also good against the hoarsnesse of the voyce against the Jaundise Dropsie for wounds of the intestines to bring forth the young birth dead to expell and take away the Leprosie and measles to revive every decayed sense to confirm wounds healed to kill all kinds of worms to dissipate wind to comfort the heart and stomack and to keep the body uncorrupt and sound Theriaca Diatesseron Mesuis THis Diatesseron is an ancient composition devised by the ancient Grecians and had beginning from Avicen and Mesues or one of them and according to the Greek word so named for that it is made of four simples viz. Gentian roots Bay-berries Myrrha and Aristolachia rotanda four precious and very Cordial simples full of medicinable vertues And for that I would have it kept in time of need I have thought meet to have ready powdred the said 4. simples together to be composed into a Treakel as occasion shall move thee Onely note this that to one ounce of the said species ℥ 3. of hony is to be added and well mixed on the fire and so it is ready for use By some Writers this composition is called Theriaca ad pauperem the poor mans Treakel The vertues of Diatesseron are said to be as follow It is good against poyson drunken and against the bitings of venemous beasts or worms It is also good against all the cold affects of the brain as convulsions resolutions of the sinews morbum Comitialem the Spasme or Cramp the inflation of the ventricle or stomack against defect of concoction therein and against venemous wounds both inwardly drunk and outwardly applied Also it openeth the obstructions of the liver and spleen thereby preserveth the body from the disease called Cachexia or stomacace which is the Scurvy Teste Pharmacopoeia Augustana aliis Dentes Elephantini DEns Elephantinus or Elephants tooth hath an astringent force healeth fellons and is good for white fluxes of women the Icteritia Flava or the yellow Jaundise Morbus Regius worms and continual obstructions Laudanum Paracelsi Opiatum IN the Treatise of the fluxes of the belly it is handled at large to which I refer the friendly Reader Diascordium DIascordium is helpful in fevers as well contagious as penstilential good for the head-ach and universal plague whose dose is from half a dram to one dram and a half according to the occasion or strength of the Patient Diacodion DIacodion removeth subtle Catarrhes which distill from the head to the breast helpeth the cough and procureth rest the dose is from ℈ i. to ʒ i. Pbilonium Romanum PHilonium Rom. magnum is given for the Pleurisie Collick and any internal pain or grief it causeth sleep stayeth Haimorraea or the flux of blood in the inward parts and sneesing allayeth the griefs of the belly spleen liver and reins caused by cold wind and crude humours and taketh away the hicket the quantity of ℈ i. is the usual dose and it is augmented or decreased as the years and strength of the Patient is Philonium Persicum PHilonium Persicum is invented against the abundance of blood of womens monthly terms of the hemorrhoides and for the overmuch flux of their courses the flux of the belly against vomiting and spitting of blood it doth also consolidate ulcers and veins Philonium Tarsense PHilonium Tarsense is of the same facultie as Pbilonium Romanum Aurea Alexandrina AUrea Alexandrina is effectual against the cold defluxions of the head good for weeping eyes the tooth-ach and head-ach consumption collick cough and spitting of blood it easeth the pain in the reins and profiteth intermitting fevers But the cause why I have not appointed this good composion nor any of the three last mentioned Philoniums to the Surgeons Chest though I know them to be good medicines is because they will not keep an East-India voyage and Laudanum opiale Paracelsi is sufficient for ought the other can do Wherefore I rest satisfied therewith Succus Absintbii SUccus Absinthii juice of wormwood is good for digestion killeth the worms benefiteth the stomack and differeth much from the vertues of the herb this being astringent the other abstersive
dissolve cold tumours wennes hard kernels impostumes sores of the mother and chaps of the fundament are good for cramps burstings trembling of the members Radices raphani sylvestris RAdices Raphani sylvestris or Horse-redish roots are hot in the third degree dry in the second are good for the stomack eaten before meat cause wind and desire to vomit but after meat digest purge flegme provoke urine break the stone help the dropsie liver sicknesse old congh stopping of the reines lithargie collick and hardnesse of the spleen stay fretting and festring ulcers cause hair to grow and cleanse the face from spots Radices Pyrethri RAdices pyrethri or Pellitory roots are hot and dry in the third degree good for cold diseases of the head and brain falling sicknesse and apoplexie mitigate the tooth-ach chewed bring forth much waterish flegme help the resolution of the sinewes and cause salivation or a flux of spitting Radices Angeilcae RAdices Angelicae or Angelica roots are hot and dry in the second degree they do open attenuate digest cut and discusse grosse humours they are adversary to poyson help pestilent diseases cause the flowers comfort the heart and vital powers Radices consolidae majoris RAdix symphiti magni seu Consolidae majoris or Comfry roots are hot and dry in the second degree they do help spitting of blood the breast and lungs cure inward wounds and ruptures are glutinative mitigate hot tumours and heal fresh wounds Calx viva CAlx viva or unslak'd lime is hot and dry in the fourth degree having a fiery sharp and burning force it concocteth mollifieth dissipateth and cureth corrupt stinking ulcers very hard to be cured and bringeth them to a cicatrice or skar Album Graecum STercus caninum seu Album Graecum is hot and astringent stayeth the laske cureth the Squinancy helpeth the Dysenteria and driveth away fevers that come by course and is very good to strew the fundament fallen withall for it cureth the slipperinesse thereof and causeth it being gently put up to stay up and being mixed and boyled with sallatoyl to the thicknesse of an unguent is very good to cure the painful Hemorrhoides The Conclusion touching what hath been spoken of the vertues of Medicines Simple or Compound for the Surgeons Chest THe vertues uses and doses of all the precedent medicines here noted have been gathered from such Authors as either were the Inventors of them or formerly have taken them upon them to whose works I refer the Reader which thing if any well disposed Artist upon good ground shall question I doubt not to satisfie him The Authors I have used herein are these following Galenus Mesues Avicenna Tagaltius Vigo Paracelsus Josephus Quercitanus Renodeus Johannes Jacobus Weckerus Dodoneus Valerius Cordus Riolanus Rulandus Oswoldus Crollius Dorncrellius Augustanus Montanus Matheolus Fernelius Dioscorides Franciscus Arceus Monardus Nicolaus Alexandrinus Serapius And some others whose names sometimes I have remembred and noted sometimes for haste pretermitted wherein I confesse I have done them hard measure like him which in hast sleighteth his good friends a fault too common OF WOVNDS A Wound is a recent solution of a continuity or a division of that which was knit together without putrefaction and Definition of a wound is common as well to the soft and organick parts as also to the harder it may though seldom it doth arise from an internal cause as the malice of bad humours but more commonly it comes from an external cause namely by the violence of some instrument For which cause a wound is said to differ in his denomination for sometimes it is called a thrust or punction which is made by stabbing with any thing sharp pointed as a Dagger Rapier or the The divers appellations of wounds like sometimes it is named a Contusion when by a weighty thing offending as timber falling down or violently cast down as a stone the flesh is bruised and broken sometimes also it hath the appellation of Incision or incised wound for that it is done by an edged instrument as a knife or sword And these wounds are either simple or compound the simple are onely in the upper skin or flesh without detriment or losse of substance which also have their several species or kinds because of their divers forms some being greater or smaller profound or superficial long or little streight round or crooked of a facile cure of difficile or mortal And for the sounder judgment and better cure of all wounds which are either external or internal and penetrating there are several signes of ancient tradition with much diligence to be had in remembrance which daily practice also verifieth The several differences of all external wounds are discerned by sight or handling The places of internall wounds Those which are termed internal and penetrating wounds are either in the head breast or inferiour venter and are discovered likewise by sight by feeling or by searching with an instrument into them The hurt or ruption of the membranes or brain is accompanied with sneesing vomitting bleeding at the nose or eares raving and the like but if the substance of the brain be hurt those signes are encreased and a bilious or sharp vomitting is seen also a fever dull understanding with alteration of favour and countenance do ensue stupidity also and dumbnesse signifie the brain contused The breast is observed to be wounded and penetrated when aire commeth forth of the wound or when the person sick hath in his mouth a sense of the things applied to his grief It appeareth that the lungs are hurt if the respiration be difficult a a ratling sound in breathing be heard and the excrement which is voided from the mouth be spumous pale and crude The Pericranium hurt hath sometimes sudden and often swounding for a sign though some neverthelesse having the Penicranium wounded or contused have no evil symptomes extraordinary to other mean wounds of other parts The Heart wounded hath the refrigeration of all the parts extinction of natural heat and death attending thereon If the great Veins and Arteries in the breast be offended and immoderate flux of blood defection of vertue in all the faculties a cold and an unsavoury sweat doth ensue and death within a few hours The solution of continuity in the sinewie parts of the Diaphragma causeth convulsion difficile respiration an acute fever raving and death but if the fleshy part onely be agrieved it is capable of remedies and suffereth not such dangerous symptomes If the recurrent Nerves be wounded there followeth losse of speech immediate motion and sense also is suppressed and that without recovery In the wounds of the Liver appear vomiting bloody dejections much pain a continual fever and if they be deep fainting resolution of the spirits cold sweat and death follow The Spleen offended is as the Liver affected save that the symptoms are in the right side the other in the left The Ventricle is demonstrated to be wounded by the voiding
though great Consider therefore diligently whether the brain it self be hurt or no if the brain be offended it is to be known partly by the inflammation dolour apostumation retraction convulsion or deprivation of the functions of the senses and death also is suspected presently or within a few dayes to follow and if the palsie possesse the opposite part it being sound and whole it is doubtful and the sympathie of parts will cause oft-times an abscesse in the Liver and Messenterium and an intemperature of the vitall faculty with a continual fever and death It shall therefore be necessary for the wise artist to know the manner of the hurt that he may wisely prognosticate the danger for if only the Pericran be hurt by incision without any contusion and far from the commissures or seames it is not dangerous at all to be cured and the cure to be wrought is as in other wounds but if it be much wounded by punction or contusion and symptoms arise with a tumour in the head then dilatation is needfull that the contused blood which is between the Cranium and the Pericranium may be extracted and let it be quickly done so shal the symptoms cease and the cure will be easie but and if the offence of the Pericranium be in the suture or seam it is more dangerous because the brain doth sympathize with it If the Fibres passing through the sutures of the Pericranium from Dura mater be wounded or contused it exceeds the other in danger therefore to resist putrefaction let the wound be mundified and if no fracture of the bone be the wound appearing only in the flesh without any offence of the Pericranium the cure shall be as in other wounds But if a fracture in Cranium chance Special observation if the bones of the head be brâ—ken there is required great care namely let the form magnitude thereof be well considered observing also diligently what bone it is and in what part it is hurt and whether the fragments are great or little or sharp pricking the Membranes or not which of what sort soever they be they are diligently to be drawn out with as much ease as may be to the Patient and if they cannot being broader within then without let the trapan be carefully used the use whereof is touched in the book of instruments under the name trapan Sometimes there is onely a depression and then a levatory instrument wil excuse the use of a trapan and take away the spils and fragments which are upon the membrane the blood also which shal issue out upon the same may by a spunge be taken away keep it likwise from cold and of a temperate heat and the place hurt being well cleansed poure mel rosarum warm into the wound or 2 parts of hony and one part of oyl or syrup of drie roses or common hony with turpentine with the yolk of an eg which are remedies mundifying and grateful to the membranes and ought to be applied warm but above all others the linament of Arceus is the chiefest balsom for wounds in the head The general remedies for wounds of the head must neither overmuch refrigerate nor overmuch calefie but be of a moderate or temperate calour The general manner to proceed to the cure of the wounds in the head is as followeth First let the hair be shaven away the next if any loose bons be take them out the next to be done is if a depression of Cranium be strive with the elevatorie to raise it the next is to stay the flux of bloud if any be leaving of the grief undressed for two daies that the veins may knit then inquire of the Patient if he have the benefit of nature if not procure him one not many stools and only see he have natural stools once a day or in two daies not by potion nor pils but rather by glister or suppositorie At the second opening of the wound if occasion serve use the Trapan or take out any spils or bones that seem to offend if Instructions very needful in the bead wounded the second time openâ—d they be very loose not else force nothing out of the wound except the Patient his great necessity force thee thereunto for nature is kind and ready to do wondrous help in the cure of the head For the second application have ready of the noble linament of Arceus never sufficiently commended and being somewhat hotter then the partie would willingly bear it annoint the wound therewith in each place with a little soft lint on a Probes end leaving the said lint therein and with plegents of lint drie fil up the orifice after anointing about the edges of the grief apply a plaister either of Emplast Betonicae Stipticum Paracelsi Minium Mellilote or Diacalsitheos In want of Arceus linament you may take oleum rosarum and mel rosarum which are not much inferior to the former being warm applied some use therewith also a digestive of Turpentine and the yolk of an eg well mixed ana alike quantitie wherewith they spread plegents and then dip them in the warm mel and oyl mentioned and so apply them which is very good and the most ancient practice in curing wounds of the head In want of oyl of Roses oyl of Olive will do wel and common hony for mel rosarum though not so well and if cause be some Artists mix spirit of wine or good aqua vitae with the former medicine and it comforteth wel the brain and very much furthereth good and speedy healing good bowlstring and ligatu re doe much avail to the cure of the head also it is good to keep the partie lying and in a dark place till the greatest danger of accidents be past remembring withall that the overstrict keeping him in may also be very offensive to the sick Let good diet strictly be observed if occasion be and the use of Glisters likewise upon good reasons is also to be approved and it is good to open the Cephalike vain if the brain have been long uncovered or yield a spumous white and thick excrement which seems to be a portion of the substance of the brain likewise to purge the body mundifie the wound and corroborate the brain with Cordials and fomenttations fitting the chiefest is good wine and hony to foment with but I seldome use any Fomentations my self having cured divers Fractures in the Cranium without any Fomentations at all for the use of them at Sea I know is troublesome and dangerous except great Diligent observation of the accidents of a wound required cause Be careful also to observe the danger of thewound according to the accidents thereof for if it be little and superficial it is cured as an other wound but if it pierce the second table it must not be passed lightly over for if you be occasioned to use the Trapan it is to be applied the third fourth or fifth day after the hurt at the farthest
regiment of the sick be carefully observed namely that as much as is possible he use wholsome aliments such as resist putrefaction as sowre and tart things and which are grateful to the vital faculties and when he eateth let it be sparing and often let him drink very little wine If you fear venemous vapours may be gathered give him of good Mithridate Venice TriacleÊ’ ss or DiatesseronÊ’ ss These rules at Sea are not so well to be observed as at Land wherefore let the Sea-Surgeon therein do his best let his ordinary drink be Ptisans or Barley water conceal from him the magnitude of his wound keep him loose onely with Glisters or suppositories let him blood if need be and yet but a little lest poyson or venome setled in the outward parts be thereby drawn in back into the more noble parts and abstain to give him remedies calefying the humour especially at the first In these wounds often appear exudations of clammy humours supposed by some to proceed from membranes and sinowie Ligaments bruised and broken being changed from sound to unnaturall and vicious those humours are to be evacuated or their dangers prevented by good alterative remedies namely abstersive medicines as a good Lixivium or by suppurative mundificative and desiccative things having faculty of confirming and strengthening the parts affected Therefore the fear of a Gangreen being taken away suppuration must be intended in the flesh contused but if in the parts contused there be a vicious humour and the flesh about do putrifie in such cases it is convenient to help suppuration with all speed But first of all let a good Alexipharmacon or Preservative against poyson be given the sick if you see cause namely a little Venice Triacle other Triacle on the point of as knife if it be right and good but if you do fear the vertue thereof to be doubtful as often it is give it dissolved in spirit of wine Cinamon water or good aquavitae whereunto add certain drops of Oyl of Vitriol for it exceedingly resisteth putrefaction You may for a need give Mithridate London Triacle or Diatesseron alone or if the party be of a cold constitution then give him Diatrion piperion or good Rosa solis a little And if he be strong after he is dressed you may lay him to bed to sweat and procure him thereto by a dose of Diaphoreticon given in Triacle or Mithridate regarding as is said that the sick have the benefit of a natural open body yet not many laxative stools for fear of danger Let care also be had of his dyet as is said so much as the time and place can permit Which effected in the next place consider by the view of the wound what manner of local medicaments are most fit And for the first intention of curing it were fit the Surgeon at Sea were never wanting of a good Lixivium to foment the parts percussed or contused let it be such a Lixivium as I have described in the cure of Fractures but somewhat sharper to which for brevity I referr the Surgeons Mate Also have ready Ung. Aegyptiacum and the Caustick stone if it may be also the Artificial Balm Oyl of Vitriol a good Restrictive powder good Ligatures of all sorts stitching needles ready with all other fit instruments not far off if occasion should be as tents splints dorsels spunges clowts rollers tape tow lint plaisters ready spread and the like that when an occasion happeneth he might be ready to perform his duty The most notable differences I have ever observed betwixt wounds made with Gunshot and other contused wounds is onely a furrive Hemorrage and a dangerous disposition to a Gangreen which two accidents warily prevented the cure of such wounds differ nothing from ordinary wounds contused In the curing of wounds of the head as is said Arceus Linament is the chiefest Balm the next thereunto in common use is Mel Rosarum Oleum Rosarum mixed then Honey and Mel mixed with good Sp. vini if the party be not too hot of constitution Unguentum Basilicon is a good healing Balm also the Unguentum Incarnativum or Unguentum aureum is generally a good healing Balm you shall find it no lesse Ung. Necotâ—anum is also a good healer of new wounds but the best is the Artificial Balm For dangerous wounds Oyl of Terebinthine is very good but Venice Terebinthine alone is much better and common Terebinthine is not to be despised and no more is the ordinary Digestive of Terebinthine and the yolk of an egg of each a like quantity well mixed together And yet I would not doubt at all without all these recited medicines to find sufficient healing medicines in the Surgeons Chest for double the occasion that can be imagined which if time would permit me I would write of Directions how to prevent putrefaction to great wounds incident by â— Gunshot And whereas putrefaction as is mentioned alwayes attendeth great wounds made with Gunshot all care in time is to be had to prevent the same Let therefore your first local application if you fear putrefaction be Unguentum Egyptiacum mixed with Wine or Sp. Vini or alone being also very hot injected into the wound or applied on lint And if you fear it will require yet more exsiccation or cauterization add some bumt Vitriol and foment somewhat the outward parts of the grief with a hot Lixivium and apply a hot stupe wet in the Lixivium and wrung out round about the member but if the outward parts about the wound be altered in colour or grow either stinking or insensible make scarification and foment well with strong hot Lixivium and inject thereof into the wound very hot and after such fomentation scarification and injection used as is said then if you yet see cause you may use the former mentioned Egyptiacum with a hot stupe and remove not that dressing without extraordinary cause I mean the Egyptiacum in lesse then 48. hours but rather if you have caused a good Esker The next dressing after the Esker procured by the former dressing it is likely you shall find digestion though imperfect namely durty and foul and the wound will also be very tender and sensible and subject to alteration by the ayre if care be not had Wherefore all things for your next intention of application being first ready ere the wound be opened make a very short dressing and of as gentle medicines as may be I have used an Arceus Linament warm and with soft lint applyed and the edges or parts neer the wound anointed therewith and gently filled the wound with lint then over that a Paracelsus plaister and moreover a large hot stupe wet in a good Lixivium and wrung out with also convenient soft and warm Ligature which is a great help to healing The third dressing I would leave Arceus Linament and betake me to the Artificial Balme which Balme I would apply warm anointing the parts about therewith applying also thereto some good emollient discussing
anodine plaister as namely Paracelsus plaister I hold chief next that I hold Emp. Betonica described by Arceus then Diacalfithios Minium Gratia Dei or Mellilote any of which as thy discretion and store affords is proper The rest of the Cure I refer to be proceeded in with balm and plaisters as is said in ordinary form and if any loose bones be remove them onely force none out before their time without great cause if no bones be imagined strive not to keep the wound open neither keep any hard tents wirhin the wound open Many by a custome keep tents to the bo ome of the grief so long till they make the disease incurable you need not be too vigilant in keeping new wounds too long open for the fear of putrefaction being once put away and digestion procured and no bones to come out the sooner you can heal the safer Many Surgeons also have a grosse custome of arming tents as they term it with precipitated Mercury or other the like Caustick medicines and put them into wounds to mundifie and also the better to digest them as they imagine but I may boldly affirm that as is said if neither fear of a Grangrene be neither broken bones to be taken out there is no cause of any Caustick medicines to applyed for the curing of a new wound at no time And I find by practice plain that Caustick medicaments within ulcers or fistula's have no other use but to take away a callous substance commonly in them to alter the viciousnesse of the humour and dispose the grief to a good healing which healing after followeth chiefly by the benefit of nature together with gentle and sanative applications for sublâ—ta cansatollitur effectus the cause removed the effect ceaseth and so fo wounds An admonition to Surgeons It is a shamefull errour of many foolish Empericks still to be too busie with Caustick medicines for how apparent is it that thereby they lame many through ignorance They will not see a wound incarn and red and good flesh to grow but straight they slander it of pride and call it proud flesh like their own and then must at the fairest Precipitate or Vitriolburnt go to work yea though the Patient be lame for it or at the least the grief put back again Truely the abuse of good Caustick medicines bringeth much slander to the Art of Surgery In the cure of Ulcers and fistula's and else where I have noted down my opinion of the true use of Caustick medicines to which I refer the Reader If therefore wounds happen with Gunshot which give no cause to fear a Grangrene then begin the first dressing with Balm Artificial very hot applyed the next dressing reasonable hot and so to the end of the cure using emplaisters and Ligatures convenient Of Burnings Of burning by Gunpowder Necessary Ruleâ— for the Cure BUrning by Gunpowder which wanteth no grievous accidents often-times is incident in Arms to Souldiers and others therefore be ready at all times with remedies fit and effectual to asswage them And beginning thy work with Lotions as namely either a fomentation made with oly and water or with a decoction of the seeds of Quinces or of Mallowes March-mallowes Violets and a little Purslaine seed these and the like take away all the powder that sticketh in the flesh for it hindereth the cure And to asswage both the dolour thereof and the vicious humours Mel Saponis is an approved remedy for it taketh the fire out And to make it more easie for suppuration use Anodine Medicaments as Ceratum refrigerans Galeni Poputeon mixt with a third part of Unguentum album or a third part of Triapharmacon and oyl of Roses or Oyl of Eggs or of Roses mixt with the white of an egg Axunglaporcina washed in the juyce of Plantane or the juyce of Solanum or in water also the fat of rustie bacon washed in Rose-water or the â—â—ke Also a decoction of wine vineger lib. i. Litharge in powder â„¥ s and gently fomenting the part therewith taketh away all pains But to perfect the cure let good sanative medicines be applyed as the Unguentum coâ—â—â—a ignem set down in the Chest whose composition shall be manifest hereafter Observe also if occasion be that blood-letting be used which is very requisite to avert fluxions and to avoid putrefactions of humours But abstain from purging potions and the like at the first With these recited helps administred in their due time and place with also a good dyet the Surgeons Mate shall perform much in short time to the praise of the Almighty and his own comfort The Cure of Apostumes First what an Apostume is The Definition of an Apostume AN Apostume is a tumour composed of three kinds of diseases as Avieen affirmeth namely Intemperature Incommoderation and Solution of continuity all gathered into one magnitude and Tagaltius in his institutions affirmeth every tumour against nature is an Apostume The differences of tumours are many and are by many learned Writers handled at large of which my leisure will not permit me now to write The times of an Apostume are four The times of Apostumes are also at large handled learnedly by Mr. Gale Johannes de Vigo Ambrose à Paris and divers other good Writers and are noted to be in number four as namely Beginning Augmentation State and Declination What the begining of an Apostume is A good rule The beginning of an Apostume is noted to be the first collection of humors extraordinarily intruding into any one part of the body at which time with the Chirurgions care the proceeding of the disease is easily hindered according to that old Poetical verse Principiis obâ—â—a c. The next time of an Apostume is the Augmentation when the disease hath taken root and is not so well to be put back neither is it alwaies necessary nor safe to attempt it for it may be nature hath determined to send it out and this second decree or time of an Apostume is sometimes known by heat and pulsation increaseth a distemper generally of the body and an inclining to a feaver especially if the Apostume be hot or have malignity therein but the augmentation of cold Apostumes have often no other signs notable but onely an appearance of increase without any other distemper of the body for a long time together what the state of an Apostume is and the signs thereof The third time or degree which is the state or ripenesse of the grief is well to be known divers waies as namely the Apostume by this time is come to perfect maturity and the pain is either wholly or partly asswaged and the matter being neer the skin each child in Chirurgery may judge what is next in Art to follow by the beating out and discolouring of the skin for usually it is discoloured blacker or is very soft and if the Apostume lye deep by feeling you shall also sensibly perceive whether there be perfection
of maturation or no also by depressing the cutis a little with your finger When an Apostume will suppurâ—â—e Hâ—ppocrat cap. 2. lib. 47. Mark also out of the words of the Ancients to know when an Apostume will proceed to suppuration Hippocrates lib. 47. cap. 2. hath these words that whilest Pus is in making paines and feavers do afflict but Pus being made paines and feavers do decline And to Tagalt Instit confirm the former words Tagaltius in his Institutions cap. 3. hath these following verses Duritia longa pulsus dolor calor aucti Signant pus fieri sed facto dicta remissa Sub digito undans albescens pars acuta The fourth time of an Apostume The declination of Apostumes I cannot stand to amplifie but I refer you as before to Mr. Galles Institution of a Chirurgion as also to Johannes Vigo and other good writers for a more ample doctrine in that point onely note that when the tumour or apostume is ripe mine opinion is rather it be opened by a potential caustick medicine then by actual incision when it may be as conveniently effected and that for many good reasons and one sufficient reason in mine opinion is if you use incision you must needs put in tents dossels or the like with medicines to keep open the orifice and also to enlarge it which doing you stop the passage of natures true evacuation twixt each dressing offending the parts adjacent and hinder the unition of the disjoyned parts against conscience detracting good healing yea and thereby hazard divers evil accidents to follow as fistulaes c. from Caustick incision commended all which by caustick incision you are freed and fear not at all the application of a convenient potential caustick medicine in due time and place especially the impostume being ripe and the skin thin for you can pierce no further then thorow the cutis though you would for being onely thorow the skin the matter will choak your caustick or corrasive medicine neither doubt at all that your work shall succeed otherwise then well for nature will provide remedy speedily easily and safely to heal your patient provided you be also careful to use your endeavour with good warm medicines duly applyed and with also the use of good ligature which is one principall good help good diet and other reasonable means likewise had for I have ever observed in my practise that a hot tumour in any outward part of the body growing either by repletion obstruction fever or by the evil disposition of the bloud for the most part yea even in pestilential and venemous Fevers in good bodies not being pocky nor too too old are easily healed by any understanding Artist that can joyn reason and experience together many several wayes namely for one if you perceive a beginning or 〈◊〉 of humours together in any part of the body consider what might be the cause thereof as near as you can if you find it to be fulnesse of the body or costivenesse you have divers present remedies that way to flye unto Laxative Medicines fitting viz. at the first make the Patient a suppository then give him a glyster if need be and a Laxative medicine also according as you shall see cause regarding the quality and quantity of the humour abounding but remember where the body is costive you were best to begin as is said with a suppository first and that having caused one stoole proceed with a purge if you see further cause or a glyster for often onely one suppository doth what you require also good fomentations that may by the pores of the skin help to breathe some part of the matter will do well and so the rest by discussing and mollifying medicines the easier be cured If the grief begin in the head or throat you may use phlebotomy either under the tongue on the forehead or on the arm in the head vein or median vein but if you perceive that by emptying the body artificially and cooling the blood with convenient medicines as also answerable slender diet and opening a vein that the collected peccant humours will not be discussed nor put back then may you proceed to attraction and suppuration as you see cause for it were most grosse to seek to detain that which Nature hath resolved to cast forth wherefore if you see cause to bring forward any Apostume you may then consider by the quality thereof what course to take namely by attractive alterative or suppurative Medicines as touching attractive medicines good attractives at Sea to be had are Gum Elemni of it self spread on lether and 〈◊〉 applied and Galbanum also is very good provided it be dissolved in wine and not in vineger Mellilot plaister will well bring forward an Apostume hot or cold and helpeth suppuration Commonpitch is a good attractive Burgundy pitch is also good Of these the discreet Chirurgions Mate may use the fittest in his discretion and if he desire violent attraction of any slothful cold tumour let him set a large cupping glasse thereon Maturatives or alterative Medicines in the 〈◊〉 Chest and Ship to be had are very many yea more then I can call to mind at this time wherefore to be brief Emplastrum Diachylon cum Gummis I put for the principal for it is for that purpose only Paraâ—elsus Plaisters applyed thick spread the place first anointed with oyl of Lillies will do well But where time and place is convenient in my opinion a mean Cataplasme warm and thick applyed suppurateth best and easiest viz. make a decoction of Althaea roots or Line seeds and the cause being cold add Fenigreek a little to this decoction adde Bean or Barley meal oyl of Camomil Dill and Lillies of each a small quantity Dialthaea a little or Axungia porcina and apply it warm and shift it twice in 24 houres Or â„ž flowers of Camomil Mellilote and of Elders an a M. ss Wormwood M. ss Althaea roots bruised â„¥ ss make a decoction thereof in fair water a sufficient quantity adding of Bean meal or Barley meal M. j. and being boyled into a due form of a Cataplasme adde oyl of Camomil or Dill â„¥ iiij Axungia porcina â„¥ ij In want of some one of these flowers another for need will serve and if none of them were to be had yet there is many other meaner helps to bring forward an Apostume which time will not now permit me to rehearse When you have an intent to bring any tumour to suppuration you must neither purge nor bleed your Patient neither appoint him a thin dyet When you would an Apostume should go back if it be above the navil in the breast back or head then let your purging Medicines be such as purge downward onely but if it be below the navil or in the arms or legs vomitive Medicines do best except some especial hinderances as Asthma or the like And to those uses none are so effectual as those
which are of Mercury truly prepared for that they do not only duly evacuate but also divert and draw back the humours from the place offended which in truth is a great help to nature Also blood letting where occasion is may be used for diverting and mitigating a stubborn disease but after the use of Mercurial purges it is held of many not to be good to open a vein of which opinion I am without extraordinary reason urge the contrary And further if you intend to repel an Apostume you may make use of this following Cataplasme of Bean meal or wheat meal boyled with water and vinegar a convenient quantity that it be not over sharp adding a little Terebinthine and very warm apply it with also good close ligature and shift renuing the medicine every sixth or eight hours but observing as it is rehearsed that to repel an Apostume slender diet with convenient evacuation of the belly and Phlebotomy are as principals to be used Also a safe Cataplasme to repel an Apostume in the beginning is â„ž farina fabarum or Bean flower and castle sope ana â„¥ j. wine vineger as much as will suffice boyl these one quarter of an hour together and you may mix a little water with the vinegar for fear it break the skin and apply it warm Note further that to an Apostume broken by a causticke I commonly use no other thing then unguentum basilicon warm from the first to the end of the cure or my artificial balm which I much rather commend upon my long experience except some dressings now and then I apply to it onely dry lint and if nature be not beneficial to incarn and help healing to my desire I use a gentle absterfive medicine namely a little precipitate mixed with the said basilicon or else unguentum Aegytiacum very hot but that only for one dressing one time and then to my former course again for certain daies together namely till the Esker be faln and at the least three dressings after which if it give me not good content in hope of amendment then I proceed further one degree namely I use for one dressing of oleum sulphuris per campanam or oleum Vitrioli with which I onely touch the Ulcer within I also give a purge thereupon if the Patient be strong and then to my old form again till nauure be at rest I mean as is said till the Eskar be clean gone and yet five or six daies further but if then I see it be still stubborn I proceed to the next step or degree and crave help from my honest old friend Mercury who if he fail me judiciously applied then I confess I am almost to seek but he seldom failed me performance if my Patient were not the cause the disease being by Art curable The mercurial medicine I most use in such cases you shal find to be rehearsed in the cures of Fistulaes and Ulcers If an Apostume be opened by a caustick medicine the Apostume of it self being concavous I mean having a great hollowness going deep this way or that way strive you not at all either with tents plegents or dorssels to fil the said concavities and to divide the parts asunder which desire unition but only dress the outward or superficial part with warm basilicon artificial Balm or the like convenient medicine putting it a little within the entrance of the orifice of the Apostume upon a little lint on the end of thy Probe until the first second and third dressing after the opening be past and if thou have any of thy Cataplasme remaining with which thou didst ripen the Apostume apply the same very warm if not apply some good Emplaster over it anointing it with balm artificial and tpplying daily thereto a good balm or basilicon warm and fear not if thou make thy applications warm and use good rowling and boulstring which is a principal part of the belly where thou seest cause but thou shalt heal comforably onely forget not if occasion be that sometime thou make injection into the concavity of the Apostume with some fitting mundificative or abstersive medicament namely with a fitting Lotion it will do well but use it warm and charge it not often with it not at all except great cause yet upon due occasion if an Apostume turn to a moist watry concavous Ulcer thou maist then add to thy Lotion Aegyptiacum but be not too busie with such medicines It may be also thou maist think how shall a good healing follow where the sore is not searched and with tents and like medicines A Caution healed first at the bottome my loving Brother in that thou shalt behold the excellency of Nature in our bodies which being once eased of the burden of that vicious and offending humour which was the cause of the disease it will at first seem admirable to thee being a divine work for nature intends healing without thy help first by little and litle she avoideth the dregs of the disease and ever as fast within by Gods providence incarning new flesh as the quitture is outwardly avoided not by means of thy incarnitives I must tell thee whereon I advise thee not to trust albeit they be never so good experience will shew thee that Abstersive medicines namely such as have vertue to scower and exiccate or drie leaving a certain stâ—pticknesse behind them do best incarn judiciously applyed yea and those medicines which are most caustick of all are truly most incarnative for I speak this upon my known experience that upon the true and judicious use of them the Ulcer will soon incarn only with the use of dry lint far more then with any unctious Medicine whatsoever yea though it be Unguentum aureum for it is an infallible rule in An infallible rule that divine mystery of healing who so can dry well can heal well if thou with thy over many causticks following each other or by keeping the parts too much asunder hinder it not for too much exiccation or drying will make work not heal which beware of Some Artists have in use long hard tents this way that way or dorsels or plegents for perpetual keeping open an Apostume for say they I will see a good ground and a sound healing at the bottome ere I take out my tents and then I will begin to shorten them I say such are unworthy Surgions yet I deny not an Apostume or Ulcer may be in such a part of the body as namely in the corner of the eye or in ano which in no wise will safely suffer healing till some caustick medicine have well searched yea and as it were seared the bottom which once effected go on in the name of God with your precedent courses of healing again namely with all soft gentle and speedy healing means as before said For Natura naturans naturat omnia and mark it for by this reason an old wife oftentimes exceedeth a great Artist in healing for she wrestleth not
the bottom I use once more my Aqua benedicta and give a second vomit of Aquilla vita Other Rules for the finishing of the Cure Also I observe it for good in the conclusion of each sure cure to give such a vomit where the strength of the Patient will bear it Furthermore I prescribe the Patient a strict drying dyet where I see good cause not otherwise But remember this principal rule that what day he either taketh vomiting purging or sweating medicine that the same day he forbear his dyet drink Further beware that you prescribe not over slender diet to him which is already pinched with weak diet either at Sea or Land or whose diet is of bad nourshment as too oftentimes it happeneth amongst poor Seafaring men in long Voyages Thus using this afore prescribed medicine judiciously you may cure any pockie Fistula or inveterated Ulcer whatsoever if they by Art are curable And for any pockie Ulcer on the virga I mean either upon glans or praputium or 'twixt both only touch it but once with the aforesaid Aqus benedicta and give the party one dose of the Aquilla vitae and without question you shall cure it afterwards as if it were a green wound but remember it will cause Virga to tumifie sometimes much but be not afraid for by the use of Lotions mixed with Plantane or fair water daily warm and cast it in twixt Glans and Praeputium it will soon amend It cureth also any warts of the virga by onely touching them and that if they be touched but very gently for it is a strong medicine and procureth some pain but not in warts yet honest it is and sure for it will not fail and if once you acquaint your selves with the parts thereof you will never afterward use Trosses of minium nor Mercury sublimate again and yet let me speak my Conscience both Trosses of minium and Mercury sublimate are worthy Medicines their whole force and healing vertue being indeed onely the quick-silver and spirits of salt and no other thing whose companion was never found out for healing and killing I have often cured desperate Ulcers yea and Fistulaes with Trosses of Minium as also sometimes with onely a Tent made of Mercury sublimated and put into the orifice And how excellent it is inwardly given being truly prepared I will for this time forbear to speak till I write of the preparation of such medicines as I have here divulged under strange names Thus much of Ulcers and Fistulaes to God his glory and the help of the weaker sort of young Practitioners The Cure of Fractures THE first Intention in the Cure of Fractures is performed by restoring the bones disjoyned and taking away any loose pieces or fragments of bones if any be The second Intention is performed by keeping the parts together namely the ends of the bones formerly displaced and fractured by violence The third Intention to be done is the curing of the wounds or contusions incident to fractured bones The fourth to prevent or remove the accidents The first part of this work namely the restoring or rather bringing to their places the fractured ends of the bones is performed by extention and a skilfull and ready hand touching the extention let it be done paulatim by little and little as the tearm is with even hands The first work not by jumps or on the sudden and yet with as much force as is requisite namely till the Artist standing by with his hands upon the grief perceive he is able to set the ends of the bones into their place which done it is then required that they be kept so The second curative intention of Fractures is performed by keeping the ends of their bones placed in their right forme and place This part is chiefly done by good Ligature wherein I am willing to impart to young Artists my practise in curing Fractures in the thighes and legges and understand I use no rowlers at all but clowts splints armed and tape my reason is it is a great disease and disquiet to my Patient yea though I have two assistants to hold the member to come so oft about the member as to rowle it and endangereth much the disjoynting of the bones again and causeth pain And it is manifest that in simple Fractures the placing of the bones and keeping them so is the most work of the Cure and nothing cureth a fractured bone so much as rest wherefore when a bone is newly placed and shall be troubled much with lifting and rowling it cannot but hinder unition and procure some accidents offensive my form of Ligatures in Fractures is to have next the member one four-double clowt in length I mean above and below the Fracture so long that the ends of the splints I intend to use may have a resting place on the clowt And if I intend to cure the Patient by a Lixivium I apply it on this said clowt appointing the medicine ever to be next to the grief then I have another like great cloth to come over that again under the splints which being close and smooth brought about the member I then put under the first splint of a good bredth and length well armed with tow and under that I lay foure or five strong tapes then I tie one of the said tapes gently and thurst all the rest of the splints under the same tape namely so many as may compasse the fractured member lying close but with some small distance that they touch not one another then I tie the rest of the tapes drawing them close till the partie fensibly seel them to bear in all places the splints I appoint commonly so long as the member can bear without galling or troubling the next joynt these things so done if either the legge or thigh be fractured I appoint him juncks as some terme them namely bents rowled up in canvasse to come above his knee and down to the foot yea though onely the legge be fractured it is fit these bundles of junckes be as thick and thicker then the member fractured for that they may defend it in bed from wrong and they are gently to be bound to the member that they may turn with it if occasion be to these junckes also a cloth may be fastned which may be brought under the foot to stay the same up to his due position which is a great ease to the patient and beleeve me if once you be but perfect in this form of Ligature you will never desire a rowler in the Cure of fracture I used rowlers till I saw the fufficiency of this form of binding which now I desire not to change The Cure The third intention is the Cure wherein the inward and outward course of the Cure is to be considered of Touching the regiment of the body concerning sustenance at Sea the Patient need to have it no thinner then the Saylers ordinary and touching medicine let him have the benefit of
from the foot and one hand breadth over the knee which should be wound and wrapped in canvasse and bound to each side of the leg artificially with four long tapes and at Sea you may take for a shift two billets bumbasted with a little Ocum wrapt in an old piece of a sail Further in Fractures with a wound if you use unctions and liquid things as oyles you hazard putrifaction of the bone and apostumation herein also great care must be had that the legge must be kept steddy for disquiet therein will bring apostumation and mortification and death also beware likewise of over hard binding for it bringeth astonishment and hazard of a sudden Gangrene and death it is a generall fault of divers young Chirurgions for many think they have never bound hard enough and yet too loose is a fault but easily may be amended and I advise thee to look to thy Patient often that his splints gale him not for that bringeth want of rest and divers evill accidents depending thereupon I speak this of my own experience not to my praise let him have no wine except he be weak let him once in two daies by Nature and Art have a stoole holding these rules with little trouble it is hard for him that will be careful to cure any Fracture for indeed as is mentioned the bone restored rest is the chiefest medicine to cure a Fracture yea it will effect it almost without medicine the member being onely artificially bound and splinted orderly the inward medicines for Fractures I say need not to be many onely give him in beere dayly in wine or water as thy discretion shall move thee the mentioned Lapis ZabulosusÊ’j for tenne or fourteen dayes if you have it sometimes if need so require a lenitive glyster may be given Also the best locall medicine to wounds with Fractures in my opinion is good Basilicum or Arceus Liniment being warm applied thereto sometimes as you see cause Also you may use an Abstersive or Corroding medicine as Allumen Combustum Aegyptiaeum Vng. mixtum or the like but in these things reason must instruct the Artist more then precepts but beware of the over-use of A special Caâ—tion sharp medicines neer the bone for thereby often a bone is made foul which before was clear this errour is too frequent both in young yea and many old Surgions also who apply sharp medicines often without true judgement not onely in Fractures but also otherwise and as for simple Fractures I have cured them often with onely a seare cloth made of waxe â„¥ iij. rosin and sheeps suet of each â„¥ j. dipping a course canvas therein in forme of a sparrowdrope and so have wrapped it warm and close about the limme that it might reach at the least three fingers above and as much below the Fracture with apt Ligature as I have recited in the manner of the application of the Cataplasme This in Fractures of the armes is as good as any and A uecâ—sarie Rule for best or excoâ—iation of the member fractured from the first to the last this searecloth may be used Remember also in any Fracture that if either by the galling of the splints or heat or other distemperature of any medicine or itching humour excoriation or heat appear that you apply next the grief for one dressing ung Triapharmacon spred upon paper and your other usuall medicine thereon and it will become well with one onely dressing being taken ere it grow too farre Thus much concerning Fractures not writ from any mans authoritie but truely and plainly as I have done the like in my practise for which let God be praised Amen Concerning the Cure of Dislocations ALthough I have seen divers skilfull men perform good works in Dislocations and reade somewhat and for many yeares practised my self yet know I not in this part of Chirurgerie by words to describe ought to the purpose which might serve at all assayes or upon all occasions for the help of young men for as much as so many unexpected observations and strange occurrents happen in and by Dislocations as would aske much time to explaine or but to touch all yet in a word or two I hold it not unfit to advise them somewhat concerning Luxations or Dislocations First therefore it is a generall rule that you must use extention almost to every Dislocation especially in the shoulder in the huckle bone in the knee and in the ankle for I may boldly say where the Artist findeth a member longer then his due form he shall hardly do good on it namely if it proceed by evill disposition of nature or that by the abundance of vicious or viscous humors it have extended it self or that it have been over much extended and thereby is longer Extention is therefore to be carefully made Imean as I have said in the Cure of Fractures not on the suddain nor too forcible but yet with strong and steddy hands for in the extention is exceeding great respect to be taken and it is the principall work yea and much Charitie is to be used therein for too farre extending weakneth much if not overthroweth the true use of the member even so too little extended produceth not the effect intended I mean it serveth not to restore the bone Dislocated even so the extenders raising their hands too high or putting them down too low hinder the comming of the bone into his due place and cause greater pain to the partie furthermore it Certain Rules for the cure of Dislocations were good when the Artist taketh view of a member Dislocated that the other side were also uncovered that thereby the true forme and situation of the diseased limme being well regarded and compared together with the whole joynt the better judgement and truer indication might be taken I mean if one shoulder or elbow be out of joynt let the Artist make bare the other side also for that there is often great difference in the naturall proportion or situation of mens joynts having therefore first viewed and then also sufficiently extended and the form of the other side also as is said seen and kept in remembrance t then seek to reduce or place the bone by those means which in thy own reason seem fittest considering and well weighing the natural form and true situation of the Dislocated bone as is said which in truth is unpossible in my opinion by letters to explain this done for the most part yea and in very great Dislocations the work thou maist account is done and the fear at an end My self have set divers strong mens bones I mean the shoulder bones chiefly which have done labour the same day neverthelesse I denie not but it is good and very necessarie to apply to the place things discussing anodine and mollificative as reason shall induce the Artist unto you may therefore anoint the place with oyle of Roses Camomill Dill or Earth-worms as you shall see fittest and apply thereon
this sicknesse to come by the multitude of Melancholike humors gathered in Vena Porta by which it is said the Milt doth draw unto it Melancholly humors and so transporteth it from the Milt into the Ventricle But truly the causes of this disease are so infinite and unsearchable as they far pass my capacity to search them all out some men conceive this disease happeneth to Sea-men onely through long being at Sea without touch at land as it is seen in East India voyages our men have it betwixt England and the Cape de bon speraâ—ce as they term it and at their coming on the land there they presently grow Aire and fresh food helpeth well this disease in Sea-men strong again and are by the very fresh ayr and fresh food cured without much other help and likewise twixt the Cape and the Indies they are touched with it again and as aforesaid the fresh air of that land the next they come on and good dyet together cureth them with small physical helps and the same again home-ward bound The chief cause whereof is the continuance of salt diet either fish or flesh as pork and the like which is not to be avoided at sea as I suppose by the wit of man another cause is want of sufficient nourishing food and of sweet water and also for want of Aqua vita wine beer or other good water to comfort and warm their stomackes which by contrary winds men are two much incident unto in long voiages howsoever the Marchants are careful provident and bountiful in that point An other cause of this disease to the ordinary sort of poor men is want of fresh apparel to shift them with which indeed amongst poor Sailers especially a sort of them that are carelesse and lazy of disposition is too frequent partly also by the not keeping their apparel sweet and dry and the not cleansing and keeping their Cabins sweet this also ingendreth and increaseth the infection Some charge Bisket as a cause of the Scurvy but I am not of their opinion Some say inordinate watchings are cause therseof Some say extream labour wanting due nourishment Some also affirm cares and grief to be some cause thereof others affirm the very heat of the 〈◊〉 resolving the spirits but what shall I amplifie further for it is 〈◊〉 true that they which have all the helps which can be had for mony and take as much care as men can devise are even by the evil disposition of the aire and the course of nature strook with a Scurvy yea and die thereof at sea and land both yet this giveth no warrant to the Surgeon or his Mate to leave their duties unperformed for the bloods of those men which either by their wilfulnesse or slothfulnesse perish under their charge will surely be required at their hands But it is plain that this grief is a lazie foul disease with obstructions of the liver or spleen or of both as also it appeareth that the head is much diseased and that there is great obstructions in the brain for that the eyes not onely look evil coloured but also the gummes putrifie and the teeth grow loose and all the sinewy parts of the body bear their part in the disease for the shrinking and withering of the sinews with the great pains the party hath declareth no lesse Of the Scurvy or Scorbutum the signes THe signes of the Scurvy are many as namely a general laziness and evil disposition of all the faculties and parts of the body saving the stomack and the appetite which oftentimes is greater then ordinary with them a long time A discolouring of the skin as if it were fouler then ordinary with spots darker coloured then the rest and sometimes also darkish blew spots A fever at sea commonly ends in the Scurvy wherefore by the way beware of too large purging or phlebotomy which increase oft the grief and make it incurable I speak this because I have noted there is a fault in young Surgeons of forwardnesse in taking too much blood at Sea Also itching or aking of the limbs are signes of the grief Sometimes the legs falling away and drying the calves of the legs growing hard and dry as also immoderate swellings of the legs also the legs and thlghes discoloured into frekels or spots of a durty brown sad colour much like the colour of a gangrenated or mortified member Stinking of the breath Great obstructions of the liver or spleen or both and in the exercising of the bodyes their limbs and their spirit failing them Shortnesse and difficulty of breathing especially when they move themselves but lying still finde little grief or pain Their eyes of a leady colour or like dark violets Great swellings in the face legs and over all the body paleness or a foul pale colour in the face Swellings of the gums rottenness of the same with the issuing of much filthy blood and other stinking corruption thence looseness of the teeth Also some are troubled with an extream costivenesse that for 14. dayes together they go not to stool once wherefore the Chirurgion is constrained with an Instrument to take out the excrements to avoid death after which extreme costivenesse often followeth a great flux of blood and a painful also many have stoppings of the urine or at least making lesse water in two dayes then the party drinketh in one day A coldnesse and stiffenesse of the sinewy parts chiefly of the legs Some also have their Muscles yea and sinews of their thighes arms and legs so wasted away that there seemeth to be left only the Certain signes of the Scurvy by the dead opened discovered skin covering the bones Also it is manifest that divers of those which have been opened after death have had their Livers utterly rotted Others have had their Livers swoln to an exceeding greatnesse some the Spleen extreamly swoln others have been full of water others their Lungs putrified and stunk whilst they have lived these and divers other signs too many for to be mentioned here do afflict poor Sea-men which often are past mans help in such place and time as they happen the Cure whereof resteth only in the hands of the Almighty And yet to any man of judgement it may seem a wonder how a poor miserable man coming on Land from a long Voyage even at the point of death namely swoln sometimes to an unreasonable greatnesse not able to lift a leg over a straw nor scarce to breath by reason of strong obstruction yet in a few daies shall receive the fulnesse of former health yea with little or no medicine at all The Cure of this disease as a famous Writer named Johannes Echthius in a Treatise De Scorbuto affirmeth consisteth chiefly in four things namely in opening obstructions evacuating the offending humors in altering the property of them and in comforting and corroborating the parts late diseased Remedies touching the Scurvy Johannes Vierius another famous writer ascribeth the
use this medicine so oft as he please without danger or harm onely if he fear a flux of the belly or have a weakness in the reines let him not eat too much of the Tamarinds Also the Tamarinds must be used sparingly if a flux be feared Elect. Diatrâ—onpiperion Electuarie Diatrionpiperion given each morning a little on the point of a knife fasting and last namely at the partie his going to bed is a great preservative for it doth warm and corroborate the stomack and preserveth from the Scurvie and is very comfortable to be given to any one that is diseased with the same or subject thereto And the Theriaca Diatesseron is yet better for it hath an especiall vertue in curing that disease Also Venice Treakle Mithridate and London Treakle preserve well from this disease daily taken fasting and so doth conserve of Roses and Berberies mixed with a little oyl of Vitrioll and given on the point of a knife Green Ginger is also very good to comfort the stomack and so are all sorts of Myrabolans Condite and also all sorts of strong Cordial waters but chiefly good Rosasolis and good Wormwood water yea and very good Aqua vitae helpeth well Currants and Reysons of the Sun are likewise very good Also all kinds of Spices moderately taken are good and so is good wine a very good preserver of the body from this disease with also the continuance of fresh diet which is hard to be gotten at sea the excesse of which good things is as dangerous The principall Laxative medicine which I would advise in this case is pills of Euphorbium wherewith the body being swoln and watry you may at your pleasure make evacuation thereof these purge also by urine very well the dosse being Ê’ ss or at the most ℈ ij These are the fitter for that disease because they purge not alone water but also by their great warmth they comfort and warm the stomack and intrals A caveat for the dose These I advise the Chirurgions Mate to use as it is said where the body aboundeth with overmuch cold and crude humiditie but let your dosse alwayes respect the strength of the patient for any strong purging is not good in the Scurvy all sudden and strong evacuations are to be avoided Also Aquilla Laxative is a very good purge in this case namely eight or ten grains thereof taken in a cup of wine It cureth also all worms of the body and killeth them wheresoever they be But if the stomack onely be oppressed with the grief in this disease I first give a dose of pills called Pillule Ruffi namely Ê’j you shall find them to be very good Note further that if any dose or any whole masse of pills in the Chest such time as you would administer them be grown too hard then you may dissolve them with any syrup you have or with good honey a very little namely one onely drop will serve to dissolve one How to compose them in a fit consistence if they be over-soft dose at once if the masse prove too liquid you may roll it in some of the Pulvis Arthreticus till it be hard enough Also the moderate use of Verjuice Vineger or Oxymel hath been found very good in this case Furthermore if you see cause certain dayes after you have given of any your former Laxatives you may give a sweat to the patient in his To sweat is an other singular remedie Means to procure sweat bed namely you may give him a scruple of Mithridate Venice Treakle or London treakle or Diatesseron and mixe therewith if you have it eight grains of the Aurum vitae Diaphoretice and being but ordinarily covered he shall sweat sufficiently if he stir not too much Also the sweating in moist bathes I confesse to be good medicines in this case though not well to be performed at Sea for the ordinary men And whereas one accident dangerous in this disease is extreme Costivenesse as is mentioned with also stopping of Vrine the remedies for the Costivenesse is first that you attempt to move the belly by a lenitive glyster as is said made rather of a slimy decoction or medicine which might leave no sharp Astringent or desiccative qualitie behind it yea though it purge not much for the sharp Purgers after their working cause often a more Costivenesse then was before or by their violence cause a weaknesse in the stomack and intrals whence followeth a flux wherefore for glisters at Sea in great Costivenesse where the Apothecaries shop and Cheapside is not at hand make a slimy decoction of Altheae roots or Comfery roots or in want thereof How to make a glyster in case of necessity for the Scurvy of Linseeds and Fenogreek bruised of each â„¥ ss in want thereof of Bean â„¥ ij to the decoction being strained add of species Hiera Pigra Ê’ij of salt half a spoonful of honey as much of oyle two spoonfuls all these put together let the decoction mentioned be so fitted that all may be but one wine pint and administer it with the Siring being of a just temper in warmth but if you intend it not to have it purge much leave out the species Hiera Pigra and it will give 2. or 3. stools You may for an ordinary glister well also take one quart of the broth from the beefe kettle adding thereto of Linseed Ê’ij Comfry roots and March mallow roots if they may be had a small quantitie of Aniseed and Fennelseed AnaÊ’ij boyle these half an houre then adde honey and common oyle of each a spoonful and give one wine pint of this for a glister but if you see it work not but come away without excrement the former recited will do well or make another stronger namely ad colaquintidaÊ’ij in the beginning of the decoction to the aforesaid decoction provided there be no inflammation in Longanum or intestinum nor any excoriation which by the Patient his complaint is known this decoction being boyled and ready to be administred you may yet adde of the species HieraÊ’ij thereto or of the A special observation in giving these aforesaid glysters Pulvis ArthreticusÊ’j rather for it inflameth not it were best in my opinion to strive in this disease by glisters to give but one or two stools at one time for sharp glisters offend much Therefore though I shew what you may doe yet be well advised in doing of it Also of pills of Euphorbium have a care you give them not where there is an inflammation or inward heat in the guts in such a case the Aquilla For heat in the Intestâ—nes use Aquilla Laxativa Laxativa will be a better medicine which will both temper the inward heat and help to heal the intrals and yet will purge him well and doth not bind him again presently and provoketh also urine very well for Aquilla Laxativa will often cause natural loosenesse certain dayes after the taking thereof and will
inflamed In such a case you may take notice that you forbear Salt as is said and all sharp heating things in your glisters as Coloquintida Hiera pigra Scammony Agaricum Euphorbium and the like and content your self to What must be done for the cure thereof A glyster administer for the first a glister made onely of a decoction of Bran alone or of Mallowes or of Comfry roots small cut or Lintseeds bruised with â„¥ ij of Deer suet Vnguentum Diapompholigos or as much Aquilla Laxativa Populeon or Vnguentum album as is said and rather if you find that help not give a dose of Aquilla Laxativa which will purge easily without any offence at all and help to heal the gut and this course is better then by sharp glisters to purge which will offend the gut and after the said purge it will not be amisse if you see occasion to give a like The aforesaid glister repeated glister again as before and note that if in the glister some of the ingredients should be wanting you may neverthelesse proceed with the rest with good profit provided if you have better you use them neither do I here intend strictly to enjoyne the Chirurgions Mate to my rule but if he have better let him use it and forget mine in the Name of God Moreover if the Patient his disease be in the form of a Consumption The cure if the body be consumed by the Scurvy the body being dried up as it were or with shrinking of the Sinewes then if you intend to purge the partie give him pils called Pillulae Ruffi for the first remedy but if he complain much of pains in his joints then a dose of Pulvis Arthretieus will do best or purge him wherein the vertue of Aquilla â—axativa consists with Aquilla Laxativa it is also a general good purge at all times and almost in all cases though best in the French Pox and Dropsie And though I have formerly touched the forms of some Cataplasmes yet for that there hath been much good found in the application of this Cataplasmes excellent in this case How to make the Cataplasm Cataplasme made being of warming conforting and anodine medicines I thought good to note it which is as followeth â„ž the flowers of Cammomil Mellilot flowers Worm wood also Hipericon and Balm of each M. j. Bran M. j. ij Linseed Fenigreek of each â„¥ ss Comfrey and Mallow roots of each â„¥ ss Barley meal â„¥ ij bruise the hearbs and boyl these in milk beere or water then adde of oyle of Cammomil Dialthae oyle of Dill of each â„¥ ij Axungiae â„¥ ij apply it warm note likewise that where you have not all these recited ingredients yet that you take so many of them as you have and trie their force for if a few will doe the businesse as sometimes it will it were vain and waste to use many Sometimes for a need you may make good use of a decoction of Bisket in Wine or Beere which warm applied will wonderfully comfort a weak limb and asswage the pain for sometimes the very good warmth with good ligature availeth much fattie things must be forborn in some cases namely when the pain is sharp and quick lest Sowre things better then fatty in this disease you cause putrifaction and suppuration of humours against your wil yea and rather use Acetosous medicines and Anodine sometime also musslagy medicines are to be forborn for like reasons in all which cases confer with other Writers aske counsel of thy Elders and keepe ever in writing thy own good observations from time to time A word or two to conclude for the young Chirurgions concerning the cure of this disease when they come upon a coast where they may have some helps let them use some one of these following they shall find them good upon trial Counsel directing what to be done if means may be had â„ž Absinthiae Juniper Berries of each M. j. Goats milk lib. 4. boyle this together the hearbs and berries well bruised till a third part be consumed then strain it and adde of Saffron in pouder Ê’j stir it on the fire till it have boyled a very little and set it to clear and give the sick thereof three times a day at the least viz. morning noon and night this drink hath cured many in great distress if you have no Goats milk Sheeps milk or for a need Cowes milk will serve Another Another good drink â„ž Water Cresses Sorrel and Wormwood of each one handful bruise them well and boyle them in three quarts of Whey or new Milk and adde thereto a little Sugar and Saffron and let the sick drink thereof as often as he will Whey sodden with divers hearbs very profitable Whey drunken of it self is very good but better if the juyces of Scurvy-grasse Sorrel Coclaria Wormwood Watercresses the greater or lesser sort Brooklime Scordium Spoonwort water Jermander or of some of them be mixed therewith for that they are all approved good medicines and doubtlesse some of them are to be found in other Countries and Coasts as well as in England Also an infusion or gentle decoction of the roots of the hearb Rhaphanae silvestris or horse-reddish in vineger or mixed with beere and drunk is exceeding good or eaten of it self with bread Eay-berries also and Juniper-berries are good Bay-berries and Iuniper-berries are also wholsome boyled in Whey against this disease for they open obstructions likewise from these former hearbs may many other good compound medicines be made And generally note that bitter and sowre medicines prevail most to the cure of this grief amongst which sowre medicines you have Sowre medicines very good that are approved good thereto these that follow as chief juyce of Lemmons of Limes Citrons and Oranges Oyle of Vitriol oyle of Sulphur spirit of Salt vineger of Wine and the spirit thereof also the Syrups thereof so many as are in use and the rather for that they cut away the rough and grosse â—â—egme and have power also to open obstructions In like manner the juice or pulpe of Tamarinds hath a great acetositie and is found a precious remedie against this disease the use whereof is noted already An observation Also note further that there are few diseases at Sea happeneth to Sea-men but the Scurvie hath a part in them the Fluxes which happen chiefly proceed from the Scurvie and I suppose if Sea-men could be preserved from that disease few other diseases would indanger them The Conclusion THese recited medicines for Christian charitie I thought not amiss to publish admonishing young men to be wise and careful to make right use of them and as near as they can to respect in the use what is bad in a Chirurgion and ought to be avoyded thereof Time Place Age quantitie qualitie temperament strength climate cause and what else is fitting to be regarded for the good of the sick and credit of
themselves and let them avoid slothfulnesse avarice envie fear pride or what else may hinder these duties that God may give a blessing to their labours and then the praise and comfort shall return to themselves which God grant And for the elder sort of grave Artists I crave their charitable censures of my weake or undigested instructions which I no way mean to them but to babes in Chirurgery and so I conclude to the honour of the Almightie concerning the Scurvie for this time Concerning the Fluxes of the Belly THe principal Fluxes of the belly by a common consent of divers ancient Writers are chiefly referred to three kinds namely Leienteria Diarrhoea Dysenteria What Leienteria is Leientaria is distinguished to be that Fluxe which either passeth the sustenance taken wholly digested and that without any blood at all and without great pain or as it were half digested The true causes of Leienteria proceed chiefly through imbecillitie and weaknesse of The causes of Leienteria the stomack which may be occasioned many wayes whereby the vertue retentive is weakned yea and sometimes the stomack by some Crudity a cause Apostumation is either wholly weakned and cold or broken or otherwise by crude humidities is oppressed and must be strengthned both inwardly and outwardly by things that corroborate and warm the same as is Syrupe de absinthio or oleanâ— absinthii Chimice 3 or 4 drops thereof in wine or beere for need and I have found it good to a strong body at first namely in the beginning of the disease to give him a vomit of the infusion of stibium or rather of A vomit at first Salvitrioli ten grains if it may be had or of Aquila vitae four grains or of Cambogia twelve grains and so the medicine having done working To corroborate let him presently sleep fasting if he can if not give him a little Cinamon-water or a little sanguis prunellorum if you have it or a draught of good Aligant or conserve of Sloes or Quinces and shortly after namely three houres if he cannot take his rest give him An opiate three grains of Laudanum in a pill and so appoint him to rest but if you conceive or feare the disease to proceed of Apostumation in the stomack then beware of giving any vomit before perfect suppuration of the same for it is deanly but outwardly you may apply then Stomack comforted to the stomack a bag with Worm-wood Mints or sweet Majoram nd warm being sprinkled with Rose water and Vineger or else a Bisket bedued well with Rose water and Vineger being steeped must Pecteral unguent be applied to the stomack or anoint the stomack with unguentum pectorale or with oyl of Nutmegs made by expression also Theriaca andromachi or theriaca LondiniÊ’i ss is very good given him upon the Coâ—â—â—als point of a knife or Marmalad of Quinces is also good Mithridate is very fit and approved or grated Nutmegs is very good and Cinamon in powder taken in meats or drinks is good likewise if these things answer not thy desire thou maist proceed to medicines more astringent Astringent medicines such as follow in the cure of Dysenterie one verie familiar and good Medicine is sanguis prunellorum aforesaid the dose is â„¥ j. or â„¥ ij with Mint or Worm-wood or Carduus water taken going to rest or taken of it self But your mentioned Laudanum in all Fluxes judiciously Cordial water administred is the onely sure help neverthelesse in this grief trie other good things first all Aromatized strong waters are convenient in this case moderately used as well to avoid further fluxes as also in these fluxes to comfort the stomack stiptike wines serve well for it likewise Theriace diatesseron â„¥ j. now and then also electuarium diatrion piperion â„¥ ss on a knifes point given is very good for it mightily Diatrion piperion warmeth and strengthneth the stomack But sometimes it happeneth that not onely the meat passeth away by stoole but also other undigested matter with it in which case Petrus Bayrus in his Veni mecum folio 273. adviseth to use things sowre with meat as Verjuice or the juice of sowre Pomgranats and the like in want whereof the juice of Lemmons is good or rather syrup of Lemmons or syrup de Agrestis or oyle or spirit of Vitriol taken in some fitting drink as Cardâ—us water or fair water wine or Barly water the oyle of Vitriol 3. Syrupe of Lemons Oyl of Vitriol drops taken with conserve of Roses is also good in this disease also keep warm the region of the stomack and Liver and inwardly as is said it is good to use all good comfortable helps that warm Of Diarrhoea DIarrhoea is a flux of the belly which is either merely watrish or with humors and with slime mixed for the signes of the disease are manifest the causes too many for my leisure to note unto you concerning the cure of Diarrhoea if you see that the Patient be strong there is no great hast of stopping this disease for that it is many times a benefit of Nature whereby she avoideth superfluous or venemous or Stop not at the first otherwise vicious and offensive humours but when you shal perceive that it hath continued certain dayes and that the partie is weakned thereby then begin the cure as followeth First give him ℈ ij of Rubarb dried as they use to drie Tobacco and poudered either in wine or Carduus or fair water or the infusion thereof without the substance A purge and after the working thereof a gentle glister will doe well which may likewise leave a stiptick qualitie in the guts but not too strong such as hereafter shall be mentioned and let the partie be laid to rest very warm covered and warm clothes applied to the belly and fundament of the partie and if that helpeth not you may give him Warmth is very good within three houres three or foure grains of Laudanum and let him again incline himself to rest and by Gods help he shall be cured but if he have a Fever give him an opiate first I mean the Laudanum Good helps to the cure of this disease and all Fluxes of the belly are Laudanum these following first to refrain and resist as much as is possible the motions of going to stool not to strain or force the body being at stool not to sit long being at stool in rising to remember to put up worth the observing the fundament with a clout and that if it may be with a warm soft clout to sit as hot as the partie can namely if it may be often to sit upon an oaken board hot is very good hot trenches or pieces of boards heated and applied to the belly are very good and to take the fume of wine vineger sprinkled on a hot brick or iron and sit over it on a close stoole is approved very good and to
of Rubarb as is said in the cure of Diarrhoea or a Decoction of myrabulans and also a good Barly-water the second good help is a Glister which may be proper against sharp If the Patient want rest give him a Glister humors and after to conclude the cure with a dose of Laudanum Paracelsi but if the partie be in great weaknesse and want of rest give him some comfortable glister first next that an Opiate I mean the Landanum one dose you may begin in weak bodies first with Opiate medicines in that there is most need of ease and if you find after rest it help not use a Glister or a purge as you see cause for though the Laudanum at first cure not yet it giveth rest whereby the partie afterwards it is likely will be the stronger to indure cure by other reasosonable The oft repeating of Laudanum râ—quireth this caution medicines which done if that answer not thy desire thou maist return to Laudanum again and again alwayes remembring as is said there be foure houres at the least distance betwixt each dose and if the disease proceed of heat seek to coole the bloud by a decoction of Plantane and cold hearbs or seeds if they be to be had or at Sea with such medicines as are used to quench heat and are not merely sharp and yet Oyle of Vitriol is much commended to be taken certain dayes together in any kinde of distilled waters either Plantane Sorrell Straw-berries or the like whilest the said waters are good and sweet or with Aqua Sparnolae if it be at hand also a Barley water with a little Allum or Galls in powder is singular good so is Bole but the finer the Bole is the better and Terra Sigillata Syrup of Quinces is good also in that case and so are all the medicines Laudanum laude dignum made of sloes after some due evacuation as in thy discretion thou shalt see reasonable but to conclude a dose of Laudanum Opiate is best to finish the work for that goeth before or rather exceedeth all other medicines in fluxes for that swageth all pains and causeth quiet sleep which often even alone is the true perfection of the How to restore the patient very weak by Disentery cure And further if it 〈◊〉 appear that this disease have so gotten the upper hand that the 〈◊〉 is grown very feeble his bloud being wasted appoint him 〈◊〉 that may warm and comfort the stomack namely at land if it may be had Broths of chickins or the like with some Spices therein and Egs and Sugar and a little Rose water but not Honey for that increaseth gripings and cawdles with egs wine and spices according to good discretion will do well if they may be A glister against excoriation had and give him if thou see cause a glister if there be fear of excoriations in the guts namely a decoction of Barley or Bran or of Bran onely with Deer suet â„¥ ij let not your decoction be too slimy of the Bran and adde if you can get it the yolk of one egge for egges comfort much and swage pain the yolk of the egge must be well beaten with the decoction by little and little so taken very warm or if the party have gripings in his guts make this glyster following and for want of Bran take a little wheat flowre and with camomile Centaury Worm-wood St. Johns wort or some of these make a decoction adding A glyster for gripâ—ng through Dysentery also Anniseed Fennel Dill â—or Cummin-seeds or the like or some of these at the least adding after the boyling some two or three spoonfuls of Rosasolis or good Aqua-vitae or some strong cordial waters if you see there be cause to comfort and warm and adding also as is said Deer suet â„¥ ii with wax â„¥ ss Another glyster Also glysters of milk and egges onely are very good to swage gripings and pains where they may be had also as is said warm cloths to the belly and fundament applyed are very good and note still that rest procured is a principal help in curing all fluxes Another glyster For excoriations of the guts make a glyster with a decoction of dry Centaury Hipericon Worm-wood or Balm with barly adding of Deer suet â„¥ ij and a little dried Galls in powder or cut in slices or succus acatiae or Cortices granatorum or dried red roses if you have them or Balausties which are flowers of Pomegranats Note what powders so ever you give in glysters let them be exceeding finely powder'd otherwise they are very dangerous fear not to administer an opiat as I have said provided that there be four or five hours distance of time twixt each dose also you may give a dose of Rubarb namely ℈ ii or Ê’ ss parched and powdered fine for so it doth best taken either alone or with Sanguis prunellorum one small spoonful in wine and a little Cinamon water or in any other convenient drink as the prsent state of the sick shall cause thee or for want of wine beer or water you may give the sicke also conserve of roses or quinces after which if cause be to give rhe Laudanum again you may safely do it Furthermore in this case as also in all kind of fluxes fumigations are very good medicines namely sitting over a close stool provided the sick be very warm kept and not too hot to which purpose a well burned brick heat very hot and put under the stool laying two cold bricks under it for burning the stool and then sprinkle often the hot brick with vinegar if the disease be hot or with vinegar and Aqua vitae mixed if it be cold and for want of bricks some great pieces of old iron will serve as it is already rehearsed also a decoction of cinamon or cloves or both together or nutmegs set under the stool that the warm steam of the spices may come up into the body of the patient is very good Note further that where you fear a flux of the belly may follow that you purge not the party with Coloquintida Trochis de Alhandal Agaricum nor Diagredion And remember ever when you give Rubarb that you give cinamon or ginger or anniseeds a little there with which correcteth the flatuous diposition thereof If this disease of the flux shall shew it self to proceed of any contagiousnesse of the aire as sometimes it doth this is certainly the All diseases proceed from God most fearful of the rest for although all diseases have their original from the hand of the Almighty yet then we have all reason to call to our remembrances the words which the Prophet David speaketh God must be sought unto in the Psalmes whither shall I flie from thee O my God when therefore the aire which we are forced to receive into our bodies shall threaten us then if ever it is high time for Chirurgion and patient to cry
the disease hath his beginning the more dangerous it may be adjudged By the complaint of the sick you shall know partly in what part of the body the disease is though not alwayes if the small guts be in the fault there is alwayes great pain about the navil but if it be in the gut Duodenum colon or rectum then the chief pain is in the lower parts of the belly according to their places The causes of the Flux with the signs of death This disease proceedeth sometimes by Apostumation of the small guts and then it is exceeding painful before it come to a Flux neither can any anodine glyster prevail at all to give ease till the full suppuration of the guts be perfected and that the Apostume be brâ—ken If this disease proceed from a former great obstruction either of the liver of the lungs or the speen there is small hope of life to be had Also when convulsions of the sinews singultas and vomitting or any one of these signs especially the two first appear then commonly death is at hand One learned Writer rehearsing Hippocrates for his Author saith that usually before death in this disease a black or blewish spot will appear behind the left ear of the sick which I also have seen observing it of late you shall find Plantane water to be a very good liquor to give any dry medicine in for the flux especially where there is any complaint of Plantane water and seeds and roots are very good for the flux heat or excoriation Plantane seeds are also good and so is a decoction of the roots of Plantane very good for that use or for glysters where it may be had The purging medicines which are called Diauretick or that provoke urine are also praised by Writers but I leave them to be done with great judgement onely if you use any medicine to cause urine the powder of yellow Amber is a sure one and without any manifest hot or offensive quality so is the powder of the Sea-horse peezel and the morse tooth of any of which if you give Ê’j for one dose you may safely do it but ℈ is sufficient at once Oyl of Terbinthine and of Amber are good diauâ—â—tick medicines and much more fotceable then the former but not so fit in this disease but rather good to drive gravel from the kidneys and serve well touching the The giving of vomits require great care and a good judgement cure of many cold and slothful diseases as the Dropsie Scurvy Lethargy and the like A vomitive medicine is not amiss in Fluxes whilst the party hath strength but the young Artist may easily make an error small in shew which notwithstanding may quickly cost a man his life wherefore if he attempt in such eases to cause vomit as one principle let him have care to the true dose of his medicines but first let us have good confideration whether it be convenient to use any such medicine or no for where easier medicines will cure never attempt greater but mistake me not I speak these things of love onely to children in Art and not to grave Artists from whom I would gladly learn my self Further I advise the younger Artists not to strive to stay a Flux as is said in a full body till nature be first unburthened partly by the disease and partly by medicines fit But as concerning Phlebotomy rehearsed as necessary in the cure of this disease do it not without great discretion and judgement for the Patient weakned formerly with so terrible a sicknesse and his spirits spent bleeding by a vein not advisedly done may suddenly overthrow and kill him yet again I must confesse that rule holdeth not generally CERTAIN SIGNES PROGNOstications and instructions which I hope will not be unprofitable for YOUTH concerning Fluxes The signs preceding the flux THe Signs of the disease are alwaies manifest of themselves the signs afore-running or demonstrating of the instant disease are these following Pain and torture of the intestines or ventricle Galen testifieth cap. 2. locorum affectorum in the very beginning of a Flux saith he sharp choler is sent forth wringings and as it were off-scouring or off-shavings of the intestines appear then after there followeth a little blood and then beginneth the disease Dysentery and by the relation of the Patient it will often appear if the pain be above or below the Navil A painful slow expulsion of the excrements of the belly with small fragments bloody and fatty do argue the higher intestines to be affected but if the grief be lower a pain below the The excrements in fragments and fat therewith Navil shall torment the Patient then you shall see much fatnesse with fragments and those fragments of the lower intestines will be more grosse and lesse mingled with the excrements A Dysentery slaying popularly and killing many may be adjudged contagious and is thought to follow a pestilential constitution and if in the times of a general infection by the disease Dysentery or Lientery a white Flux called Diarrhaea with Tenasmus appear in the Patient that party a little after shall be afflicted with the Dysentery The Ulcers of of the small intestines are more dangerous then the ulcers of the greater Difficulty of the intestines if it proceed from a black choler is held mortal Aph. 24. Sect. 4. Mortal signs in the Dysentery Long difficulties of the intestines hunger and wearinesse are evil signes and it is so much the worse if it be with a fever â—ph 3. Sect. 6. Every Flux especially if it be Dysenterial happening after a long sicknesse is mortal but chiefly if it be sudden because it argueth a sudden corruption of humours and great debility A Flux drawing to a languishing dropfie is mortal If in a Dysenteria a blew blew spot appear behind the ear the Patient shall dye The Fluxes that are from the beginning waterish and afterwards like an unguent are evil In all Fluxes of the belly and in all other diseases of weaknesse of the appetite inconstancy of the minde heavinesse in sleep imbecility of the legs a hoarse and barking voice a weak pulse beating often pains over the whole body chiefly about the belly blacknesse of the face or of a deadly or leady colour and coldnesse in all the extreme parts theseafore-said signs foretel evil but the signs contrary to these aforesaid are healthful The Hicket after an immoderate flux of the belly is mortal A good sign Belching following a Flux of the belly is good because it is a sign that nature hath received or again begun concoction A bad sign A flux of the belly which is not appeased by fit remedies is pernitious A pestilent flux of the belly beginning with lienteria Dearrheae or Tenasmus is worse in children then in ancient men as experience teacheth If that by the difficulty of the Intestines the excrements come forth like peeces of flesh it is a deadly sign Aph. 26.
Sect. 4. Another good sign In fluxes of the belly changes of the excrements is a principal good sign unlesse the change be made worser Aph. 14. Sect. 2. In perturbations of the belly and voluntary vomiting if such things are purged thereby that ought to be purged it is good but otherwise the contrary Aph. 25. Sect. Aph. 3 Sect. 4. A Dysentery which proceeds from yellow choler is not altogether mortal as Galen affirmeth in his second book of natural faculties that General rules for the cure of the flux many are cured of it Lientery after Dysentery is mortal these Canons following belong to the particular cure of any flux of the belly No flux of the belly before the fourth day if the Patient be strong is to be restrained The ulcers of the higher intestines are to be cured with medicines taken at the mouth but those of the lower with Glysters chiefly and if ulcers be in both then are they to be cured both waies To such as cure a Dysentery let astringent things be given before other meats that they may the better be retained Hot stiptick things are good in fluxes proceeding of a cold cause And on the contrary if the concocting faculty shall be weak the use of hot things is likewise good If there be a cough with flux of the belly the Patient shall abstain from all sharp stiptick things Sweating medicines and frications with oyl of Camomil and Dill by opening the pores and plucking back the matter to the opposite part are good in fluxes Cupping-glasses saith Avicene applyed four hours to the belly stay the fluxes of the belly All stiptick fruits by the counsel of Avicene are to be avoided in fluxes of the belly notwithstanding Chestnuts hurt not as the same Author affirmeth Sleep among other things is good for a flux and so is any quietnesse and rest good unlesse the flux proceed from some Catarrhe or rheume Touching the particular cure if the disease come of a hot cause let there be a lentive glyster administred before the fourth day which is this â„ž Aqua hordei â„¥ xij Mellis rosati â„¥ ij mingle it and let it be made a Glyster twice reiterating it afterwards let the cholerick matter be purged thus â„ž Rosarum ruâ—earum violarum â— â— â„¥ â— let them boile A glyste onely one walme and in the straining infuse them the space of six hours then add these things â„ž Cortiâ—es mirâ—bal cit â„¥ j. tragac Ê’ij A Purge strain the medicine and let it be so given notwithstanding warily for indeed many of our ancients did abstain altogether from purging medicines in fluxes whereupon Avicene 41 capite 3. saith that it is dangerous to loose the belly upon a former loosenesse If the matter be sanguine and the sick of reasonable strength you may let the lower vein be opened to represse the acrimony of the humour to pluck back and coole the boyling of the liver witnesse Avicena 4 â—rimi chap. 20. Phlebotomy doth bind the belly very much and amongst many is held for a great secret for a certain man of 70. years of age labouring with the Dysenterie the space of a moneth when no other means would help him he was cured by letting of blood yet I confesse my self should not easily do the like If the excrements begin to grow thicker and the gripings begin to cease the token is good if in the excrements scraping as it were of the guts seem to appear it is no token of death I read that the ancients used caustick Glysters of Arsenicum aes vestum Alumen Calx vivum but these later Pysitians use rather astringent and narcotick medicines as these Cortices Thâ—ris Mastiâ—ts Boli Armeniae Sarcocollae and the like The'ulcers of the small guts are worse to receive healing then those of the great guts for the greater are fleshie and therefore they receive consolidation so much the easier The ulcers of Jejunum or the hungry gut are of all the worst because it is smaller then the other and because sharpe choler doth suddenly happen into it iâ— hath more veins in it then the rest and is next to that noble part the liver and further one reason of doubt is for that medicines taken to bind and consolidate cannot long remain therein In the Dysentery what must be refused In the Tenasmus and the Dysentery coming after it the patient must abstain from all sharpe salt and bitter things because by using of such things the excrements become sharpe and cause excoriation Hot things restrain the flux of the belly because they make the meat digest penetrate cause urine and provoke sweat which is found in the drinking moderately of pure wine as Avicâ—ne witnesseth besides that it provokes sleep and helps digestion notwithstanding it is to be abstained from in fevers and when the flux proceeds from hot and cholerick humors A Dysentery proceeding from obstructions will never be cured with Astringent medicines but rather with penetrating medicines by adding a little vinegar which openeth more forcibly then wine and mollisieth obstructions for if Astringent medicines be mingled with deâ—icatives they increase the obstruction Although some say that in the Lienteria the meat taken in doth come forth in the same colour and quantity as it was when it was taken in this notwithstanding is to be understood that the form and colour of it is of necessity changed but it doth not wholly alter it for they are altered somewhat according to the majus minus because it is an impossible thing that the nourishment being conveighed thorow so many intestines should come forth without any alteration at all There are some also which judge the Dysenteria and the Tenasmus by motion of the pulse that the patient hath a fever if the pulse be moved swift yet it seems to me the contrary although there is an over heating or boyling in the blood by reason of the hot humors the great motion of the body want of sleep and abstinence yet with the flux onely stayed the fever hath an end It is formerly said that the ulcers of the great intestines are to be cured with Glysters and the ulcers of the small intestines to be cured with medicines taken at the mouth notwithstanding it profiteth to take fit medicines at the mouth for ulcers of the great intestines and Remedies for Vices in the intestines in ulcers of the small guts to inject glysters which sometimes ascend to both the ventricles as experience teacheth and so also are ulcers in the great guts sometimes cured by medicines taken at the mouth wherefore let no convenient helps be omitted in case of necessity And though Avicena saith it is dangerous to purge the belly upon a loosenesse thereof yet the same Avicena Gerardus Cremo Serapio Jordanus de Turra and other later Physicians of â—ound judgement prescribe in the cure of fluxes Purgative medicines therefore they appoint things according to the patients strength when a
good if the disease be violent as I have said one dose may be given after another with six houres at the least distance very safely but Ozwaldus Crollius saith within foure houres as is said in the Cure of Dysentery The cause of this description of Laudanum In a word this Laudanum passeth all other medicines in the cure of Dysentery for which cause I have published it to the benefit of the younger fort of Chirurgions which adventure their lives toward the East Indies I know it is presumption in my self and deserves blame that I should handle medicines of this nature so copiously for which I crave pardon from that grave and learned Societie of Physitians of London whom of right I ought to reverence and doe excusing my self that I have done it merely for the benefit of young Sea-Chirurgions in the remote parts of the world where they otherwise have used Opium in common without understanding the danger or dose thereof to the losse of many mens lives It behoveth young men to be carefull to carry with them such ballance as the beam will turn at one half of a grain with weights and grains fitting and to keep them warily and alwayes ready at hand for all occasions for he is an unworthy Chirurgion which is at any time unready with such needfull instruments This Laudanum I esteem so sufficient a medicine truely Notâ— prepared in all causes where an â—piat medicine is required that if I were upon my life to morrow to undertake a Voyage to the East-Indies in any great Ship I would renounce all other compositions of that kind whatsoever rather then misse it yet am I not ignorant of divers other good compositions of Opiat medicines in dayly use as namely Philonium Persicum Romanum nit mes Roman sen Tarcenci Athanasicamagna Aurea â—lexandrina Trifera magna nic Diacodion Diascordion Laudanum excelleth all other Opiats and many more before all which I onely would take the true Laudanum Opiat Paracelsi for when the rest had fully fermented at Sea and were void of all their supposed vertues which their preparers had challenged them to have had yea and had been turnd to crawling Animals even then and twentie years after their deaths may any man râ—lie upon the foresaid Laudanum as a true medicine which medicine notwithstanding I know it is unpossible for the Chirurgions Because of his duration Mate to prepare at Sea yet for that he should be the better satisfied when he hath occasion to use it I thought it not a misse to set down the ingredients with also the true form of the preparation thereof his verbis out of Ozwaldus Crollius being one of the best I ever found or read Laudanum Paracelsi Laudatissimum and the true preparation thereof â„ž Opii Thebaici uncias iâ—es Succi Hyoscyami debito tempore collecti in Sole prius inspissati unciam unam sem specierum Diambrae Diamosâ—hi fideliter dispensatarum ana uncias duaes cum dimidio mummiae transmarinae selectae unciam sem Salis perlarum Gorallorum ana drachm iij. Liquoris Succini Albi per Alcohol Vini extracti Ossis de corde Cervi ana drachmam j. Lapidis Bâ—zoartici Unicorni animalis vel mineralis drachmam unam Moschi Ambrae ana scrupulum J. In defectu genuini auri potabilis nullis corrosivis inquinati addantur Oleorum Anisi Carui Arantiorum Citrorum Nuâ—istae Cariophyllorum Cinamomi Succini ana guttae 12. Fiat ex his secundum artem Chymicam massa sen extractum ex que aâ— necessarios usus possint pillulae efformari Observations in the preparation of this Medicine The time of gathering them â„ž The roots and rindes of the younger Hemlock casting away the inward woody part thereof the time of the gathering thereof is the Summer the Moone being in the signe Aries or Libra and before the full of the Moon and if it might be done it were best to be gathered in the very houre the Moon is entred into one of the said signes The preparing of the juice expressed this observed let the juyce thereof be pressed out and filtered and coagulated then set in the Sunne to harden which done extract the tincture thereof per spiritum vini the Opium ought o be purged in some distilled water as of Hyssope or the like as Aloes is used to be purged and after the tincture thereof to be extracted per spiritum The preparation of the Species Diambrae vini the tincture of the Species Diambrae is to be extracted also per spiritum vini The juice of Hioscyami or Henbane with the extract of Opium mingled together with the spirit of wine whereinto they are extracted before is to be evaporated from them ere that they be mixed with the rest of the ingrediences Also the opium and juice of Henbane must be digested in Chymical manner for a moneth at the least that thereby their sulphurous venemous and dangerous vapours they have may be well corrected which vapours have a yellowish froth or scumme seen in the superficial parts of them and are very obnoxious and dangerous which I thought not amisse to advise the studious and industrious Chymist of A special observation Let all the extractions be done in the true spirit of wine well rectified and then the longer the extract remaineth in the digestion the better will be your medicine He that intendeth any part of this composition for women must forbeare the musk and amber-greece and use with it rather foure grains of good castoreum I mean in that one dose he intends to give A digâ—ession the women but in this I digress from my scope of the Sea practise where women in long voiages are rare creatures Wherefore to the business in hand the feces of the opium hioscyami specierum ambrae c. after their tinctures are extracted from them are to be calcined and Extraction brought into salt namely by infusion in some fitting liquor after calcination with all due filteration evaporation and coagulation with Calcination Cohobs convenient and add to the rest of the composition And concerning the tinctures mentioned to be extracted in spiritu vini after one moneth digestions the spiritus vini is by balneum mariae to be evaporated till the residence be almost of the thickness of hony Evaperation which done and gathered clean into one convenient glasse porringer or the like instrument then adde the salt corallorum perlarum Mummia beaten fine and also the Bezar and the cornu cervi muscus and ambra The maâ—ner to fiuish the composition all in fine powder and well mixed with the said extracts then adde the aforelaid salts of the recited feces and also the former recited oiles all of them first mixed together with the Liquorice and Succini shaken well together in a glasse-violl with a few drops of spiritus vini for that the said spirit of wine causeth the recited oiles
it were on shore or land much more good might be expected Observations where aire diet place and many other helps observations and considerations according to the qualitie of the disease with advice also of the learned Physicians observed all which the Sea affordeth not Certain brief and speedie notes for the Chirurgions Mate at his need when neither Doctor Chirurgion nor Apothecarie is to be had Iliaca of poyson FIrst if the disease come of poyson exhausted a vomit with warm water and then warm oyle or some fat broth is to be administred and after a day or two some good treakle to be used If the cause come of crude meats remaining in the stomack or that the disease come of crude and raw meats a vomit is to be used But if there be no crude meats yet remaining in the stomack then all means must be used to disperse the winde and to draw the excrements Of potions and glisters downward either by potions glisters or such like and first with glisters to supple the guts and to evacuate the obstructions of the lower parts make therefore a glister of common oyle or Linseed oyle and give him or a decoction of March-mallow roots Comfrey roots Linseeds and Fenigreek adding Bay-berries and oyle of Dill and Pulvis Arthreticus or species Hierae Pigrae â„¥ j give this glister with the great Siringe and put it up with good force remembring to adde salt one smal spoonful thereto Also you may use Suppositories and all other helps which are proper in the cure of the Collick or a mixture of honey and salt Peter or Niter to anoint the fundament therewith and use foments with spunges c. as in the Fomentations Collick Also Phlebotomy may be used especially in young men and that in Sommer or warm Countries and namely where the disease cometh of an Apostume or botch Purging potions are also good as Pulvis ArthreticusÊ’j in wine or beere or Aquilla Laxativa 12. grains in a pill or in beere dissolved Moreover Resolution of the matter is to be made with foments with cloth or woollen stupes wet in oyle wherein Dill Camomill Rew Hollyhocks c. have been boyled and applied very warm Also Cataplasmes made of Barley-meale Cummin Rew Linseed Fenigreek Dill-seeds Anniseeds Fennel-seeds Bayberries and the like are very convenient Cataplasmes Also the Patient is to sit in a Bath made of oyle and water wherein are boyled Camomil Mellilot Dill Althea or Hollyhock Rew Bayberries and the like all these are good helps A strange medicine Nota Sâ—ercus Lâ—pinum is a remedie in the Iliaca passio even as album Gracum is in the angina Also old Treacle and Mithridate are good helps for those which cannot hold their meat and you must give them to drink the powder of Thus or Frankensence and Cumminseeds in warm oxymel To conclude these brief notes I wish the young artist in this miserable disease to try by strong glysters and purges and every other good meanes which is warrantable and not strictly to rest upon these short instructions in cases difficult and dangerous Collica passio The pain described COllica passio is called in English the Collick and it is called a passion because the pain therefore is so great and vehement that many times the patient desireth rather to die then to live in that vehement pain This disease hath his name of a gut called Colon and happeneth very often when the excrements are retained beyond their naturall times and customes How it happeneth This infirmitie is engendred of ventorsitie or wind in the gut Colon and cannot get out sometimes it proceedeth of colerick humours and untemperate heat which drieth up excrements and hindereth the due evacuation also it cometh sometimes of cold and drie distemperatures with increase of fatnesse making strict the passages of evacuation of the excrements and weakneth the expulsive faculties Also this pain proceedeth sometimes from the humours of the stomack gathering wind from the liver and milt sometimes from the reins of such as have the stone Also from an Apostume in the wombe and sometimes it proceedeth from all the parts of the whole body of man as in fevers where the humors are expelled from the veins to the guts and proceedeth of hot and drie or cold and drie distemperatures but never of moist as saith Dom. Leo. Signes Vomiting a sign THe signes or tokens of this passion are both generall and speciall Generall signes are vomiting lothing of meats great pain retention of the excrements unrest grief or pain in the fore-part of Costivenesse a sign the belly constipation so great that it will go neither upward nor downward The speciall or proper accidents that do alwayes accompany the Collick are continuall thirst vomiting of choler watchings by loose Continual thirst or cholerick excrements a straining or wringing pain though not long enduring and young persons in the Sommer are most subject to a loose collick but the tokens or signes of the state of a cold body in old age are slothfulnesse and lazinesse much desire after grosse and cold meats rawnesse Nausea or quesinesse of the stomack ready to cast but cannot Pituositie or slimie vomits little thirst the pain more remisse but longer continuing Rumbling of the belly desiring Beware of cold drink to drink cold water or small drink Longing after all manner of fruits and white meats The pain changing from place to place and the feces to swimme being put in water and very many such like signes too tedious to trouble the Chirurgions mate withal at Authority this time Avicenna saith that amongst outward signs of this disease if the patient sick of the Collick have certaine small whelks or pushes arising upon his belly about the bignesse of a bean ulcerating and continuing above two dayes it is a signe the patient will die of the disease Also when the Chollick doth not give place to Glysters Foments Motions Cataplasmes and such like good remedies you 2. Authority may then with Galen 12. Methodi Medendi judg that biting humours doe possesse the tunicles of the guts but if the disease yeeld or give way thereto then the matter of the disease is contained in the cavity or hollownesse of the guts The Collick still continuing with vomiting cold sweats often sobbing or the hicket and not giving way to remedies administred is deadly A pestilentiall Collick or contagious Collick doth almost alway kill A Collick with feces voyding slimy substances though an Apostume be in the greatest guts yet it is curable The Collick proceeding of winde is easily cured An easie or good breathing or taking breath is a good signe in the patient that he may be cured but difficult breathing sheweth the contrary The Cure Method of the cure THe manner of curing the Collick is effected by renewing and taking away the cause and then the paine vanisheth But to remove the cause many things are to be
put in practise as preparing the humours by evacuation remission and resolution all which require some long time and therefore other meanes are first to be used to take away the paine or at least to mitigate the same with Anodines first Anodine medicines and the due application of convenient helps of warme and moist temperatures which not helping you must againe Necrotical medicines if need have recourse to Necroticall and Stupifying things which indeed are not to be used but in great extremities to give the patient some present ease Anodine medicines are to be adminstred so well inwardly as outwardly as first inwardly namely in glysters consisting of moist and fat substance as the decoction of Camomill Dill Linseed Mellilot Mallowes Hollihock Fenigreek Bayberies or some of these with one ounce of the new extract of Cassia and some suger with Linseed oyle and butter administred Outwardly these are to be applyed either Unctions Cataplasmes Fomentations Baths or some such like convenient medicines as time and place best fitteth But if these should not help then in great extremities you are to flie yet againe to Necroticall or stupifying medicines as namely Landanum Paracelsi which exceedeth all Necroticis or Philonium Romanum is also a good medicine these are onely to be used in causes proceeding of heat and never of cold causes for in cold causes that were rather to confirm the disease and yet in the judging whether the cause be hot or cold sometimes a good Artist deceives himself If the Collick come of winde then you must apply warm resolving medicines I mean dissolving and dispersing medicines Notes to be considered of by the Chirurgion in the beginning tf the Cure of the Collick FIrst whilst the meat is yet in the crude gut I mean before it be digested A caveat and turned into excrement no loosing medicines are to be administred but rather a small and spare dyet and in the beginning to begin with mollifying glysters and then afterwards to proceed with more sharp and stronger But before all things if the Patient have a full stomack and withal queasie after a glyster then a vomit is principally Glysters and vomits to be administred Secondly Repletion or overfulnesse as well as too much fasting is to be avoided Thirdly no Agarick is to be used in any of your medicines for the Collick because that cleaveth to the guts and most bringeth terrible pain and tortions yet Stokinus a learned Germane Writer doth Beware of Agaricum highly extol the same to be put in Glysters to give it present ease Fourthly you must by cordials have a care to preserve the Liver Heart and Head least they be hurt or offended by the vapours and A caveat over-much heat of the oyntments cataplasms and fomentations which are usually applyed to the parts agrieved Fifthly in the beginning over vehement warmings are to be avoided A second caveat especially if the Collick proceed of the dry feces for thereby they be the more dryed Sixthly cold water is to be avoided and not any waies to be permitted to be used to quench thirst withal but rather let the patient use some stewed prunes Julip of Violets conserves and such like or a barly water with a few drops of oyl of Vitriol and some licoras are good Specifical remedies Specifical things that cure the collick are very many as horse-dung drunk in wine hares-dung or hen-dung drunk in Oxicratium where such may be had Also the powder of Harts-horn corral cockel-shels burnt or swines hoofs burnt or Calcined till they be white and such like according to the diversity of the causes Further in the particular cures of this disease there are very many things observed by the learned Physitians according to the diversity of the causes which were too much to trouble the Chirurgions Mate withal at this present as the ayre dyet and divers other good helps to the cure of this grief which cannot be observed at sea onely fish and water-fouls are to be avoided as much as may be The Cure To cure the Collick which cometh by means of the feces remaining and being dried up which happeneth most commonly at the sea in long voyages and especially in hot countries there are three sundry intentions to be observed The first to mollifie the feces and supple the guts Secondly in Evacuating to discharge the belly Thirdly to remove or take away the cause of exsiccation or drying up of the feces or excrements The first is performed with glysters made of common oyl or butter with the decoction of Mallows Violets Beets c and by drinking oyl of sweet almonds or a decoction of Polypodium The second thing which doth bring forth the mollified feces or excrements is Cassia fistula or Manna or Diaphenicon or Hiera or sharp glysters The third intention curative if it could be attained to at Sea were to remove first the external causes of the disease as over-warm ayre over-salted dry meats and small quantity of food fasting watching melancholy and the like inwardly to help the weaknesse of the expulsive faculty with Treakle Mithridate Conserva rosarum or the like cordial helps helping also the expulsive faculty with glysters and such like good things For further inward remedies you may use the aforesaid glysters or half a drachme or Ê’j of Sulphur vivum drunk in warm wine and the belly well covered with warm clothes helpeth somewhat Item Carraway seeds made warm in wine but not boyled therein being drunk helpeth Item a glyster made of Sope and Honey is a present remedy Item a bag stuffed with bran and made very warm sprinkled a little with vineger and applyed to the belly is good Item Goats milk or other milk boyled with honey and applyed to the belly with a spunge or cloth warm in manner of a foment healeth the Collick and driveth away worms and ceaseth the pain Item the gall of a bullock Salgem Aloes common oyl ana partes equales mingle them and make an oyntment thereof wherewith annoint the fundament before the fire that looseth the belly and bringeth forth the hard feces Tenasmus The definition of Tenasmus TEnasmus or Tenasmus as Hippocrates calleth in his sixth Aphorisme and in the seventh book is a disease of extention or straining out of the right gut called intestinum rectum being oppilate or stopped and of some English writers it is called Costivenesse This disease as Galen saith in his second book De methodo medendi is when a man hath an extraordinary provocation lust or desire and a vehement straining to go to the stool but cannot void any thing at all except sometimes some small quantity of slymy matter which now and then is mixed with blood or a bloody substance and the extraordinary desire of emptying or going to the stool ceasing The causes of Tenasmus outward and inward Outward as Cold. Heat Drought A corrupt asire Bathing in cold wâ—ter Necrotical ointments Inwardly as salt humours
This disease preceedeth of divers causes and accidents both outwardly and inwardly Outwardly by cold coming accidentally to the hinder parts arsegut as the long sitting upon a cold stone upon iron a boord upon the cold ground or any hard thing whereby the Sphincture or round muscle compassing the straight gut is pressed or bruised It cometh also by intemperate heat and drought and corruptnesse of the ayre and weather sometimes by long bathing in cold water and sometimes by much using narcotial oyntments and such like Also inwardly this disease proceedeth of salt biting humours abounding throughout the whole body of man also by means of some hot or cold impostume or after a Dysentery or Flux whereas some cholerick matter remaineth behinde in the right-gut yet unevacuated And sometimes too happeneth here in our Countrey as some English Writers affirm by little drinking of Beer or Ale and sometimes it cometh by drinking Too much drinking of wine Nature of Tenasmus too much wine and by eating of costive meates and superabundance of choler adust This disease is of the nature or disposition of a Dysentery or Flux but that the Dysentery paineth the Patient with greivous tortions through all the guts but Tenasmus paineth the Patient usually in the right gut onely as appeareth by Galen in his third book De causis Symptomat And Trajanus in his sixth Chapter and Gal. de causis sympt lib. 3. Trajan cap. 8. lib. 6. The signs of Tenasmus eighth book who affirmeth the same saying Tenasmus recti inteâ—tini est effectus c. The signs and tokens of this disease are chiefly to be known by the Patients relation of the temperature of the body slender diet and egestions whether it be hard or costive or else thin or liquid The pain described In Tenasmus the pain doth not ascend so high as the navel but is chiefly felt with heat pricking and burning with a desire of emptying in the end of the sphincture the excrements being of a yellowish colour Another sign in young men like their starching now adayes but in old persons the excrements are of a more pituos slimie and bloodie substance If the disease proceed of an Impostume the Patient will feel a continual pain and the more augmented and grievous when he goeth to the stool Prognistica Tenasmus after a Dysentery is most hard to be cured Necessary observations Tenasmus in a woman with child causeth oftentimes abortion sobbing vexing or the hickoke and is very pernitious and betokeneth much drynesse Tenasmus long continuing bringeth the Collica and Iliaca Passio or Swoonding and diseases of the head Tenasmus is not numbred amongst long nor sharp diseases for that it is soon cured and if the Patient do eat and drink well there is no danger The cure How to cure Tenasmus proceeding from cold Tenasmus is cured by taking away the causes thereof from whence it doth proceed as if it come by outward cold then let there be applyed to the Ose pecken and hippes warm resolving fomentations and applications as bags of millium with salt being rosted or fried or sacks with bran sodden in wine or water and so applyed as hot as may be suffered and the fundament and parts anointed with oyles of Rew Lillies Bayes Vnguentum martiatum and such like Alexander in his sixth Chap. and eight book saith Tenasmus is cured with foments of Fenigreek and the roots of Altheae being boyled and injected into the belly and also the Patients hinder parts well suffumigated with the same decoction the Patient being compassed about close with clothes and so set over it and then the fundament afterward annointed with oyl of Roses fresh butter or goose grease with wax dissolved Bears and Capons grease and such like Item A fume of Frankencence and pitch being cast upon burning coales and the Patient set close over the fume helpeth presently Item To give present ease to that pain let two bags be filled with wheaten-bran and steeped in boyling vineger and the Patient to sit thereon so hot as may be suffered and to change them continually as the one cooleth to take another Note that in this disease of Tenasmus no cold things are to be applyed A special instruction in administring a glyster for Tenasmus at all Item such glysters as are used in this disease should not exceed half a pound and the glyster-pipe to be put into the gut not above two fingers bredth at the most in length within the gut Concerning exitus vel progressus vel procidentia Aâ—i in English the falling of the fundament THis disease for the most part is accidental to our Nation in hot countries and that chiefly after or in the time of a great flux of blood or humours although it is manifest it also happeneth in all Children more subject to this disease then old people countries and places both to young and old but chiefly to children upon divers several occasions which I list not here to amplifie having no intent to set out my work in painted phrases for I would onely arm the Chirurgions Mate how to proceed in the cure thereof at Sea and yet I know the same will take good effect also at land where that disease happeneth The Causes Causes of the falling of the fundament THe causes of this grief are too many to be named the sign thereof is manifest that it is a resolution or a relaxation of the muscles of those parts whereby the gut slippeth or slideth down lower then the natural place thereof namely out of the body The cure of this grief is for the most part short and likewise if the Patient at Sea be careful and go not out to the shrowds or Beak-head of the ship to stool neither in going force the expulsive vertue of his body over much it will not easily fall down again The Cure It is cured as followeth namely at the first going out use no other remedy then a warm soft clout and thy hands and gently return it into his due place and let the party after it is reduced sit on a hot board or have a very hot napkin doubled and applied to his fundament and another to his belly but whereas this disease for the The cure if it proceed of the fluxes of the belly most part proceedeth from the fluxes of the belly in such cases you must proceed to the cure of such fluxes of the belly and that effected you shall hear no more of this accident but if it usually fall out it is The cure if it useth often to fall down the more dangerous then you may proceed as followeth set the party over a close stoole and fume the place as warm as he can suffer it with a fume of Thus Mastick amber rosin or pitch or any one of these and being fumed well and very warm bestrew the gut fallen down with Album Gracum well powdered and fine for this is precious though
medicine of Copperas was by the Ancients not known my self I must confesse have made no great use of this medicine onely I have used it as a cooling water against the heat of the stomack and sometimes The Author his experience thereof have found it good as also to foment warme with it for any sudden inflammation in any outward part of the body due Evacuation first considered of The said Author ascribeth many more vertues to this first Phelgma or water of Copperas which for that I would be loth to waste time I will not trouble the Reader with Of the preparation of the second water of Vitriol commonly called Spirit of Vitriol Rules in the work THis first recited water being well rectified separated and kept apart then take the glasse Alembeck mentioned containing the Vitriol from out of the B. M. and place it in Arena or a furnace with sand according to Art the Vitriol within being first made into fine powder and distil it therein so long till all the rest of the Humidity shall be drawne from it which the B. M. had no force to exhale This second water you shall perceive to be a cleere and odoriferous water onely remember that thou force not the water over strongly but doe it by a gentle fire The effects This liquor is good to purge the reines it appeaseth inward fretting and gnawing pains taking one drachme thereof in the morning fasting with flesh broth It also causeth store of urine and moderately provoketh sweat It ceaseth the inflammations proceeding of blows or stripes taken in warm broth and mitigateth the pain thereof but if your fire be too strong your liquor will come over so strong that your dose must not exceed ℈ j. at the most wherefore be wary thereof for a good A Cauâ—ioâ— medicine evil handled may do much hurt and so will this if you want judgement to use it In times past they were wont to calcine Vitriol till it was red whereby it was deprived not onely of the first but also of this his second moist and most spiritual substance but How the Ancients prepared this Vitriol for the spirit that was used by them chiefly when onely they intended to prepare the sharpest spirit or strongest oyl of Vitriol which strong oyl of Vitriol hath all the vertues hereafter recited and many more The vertues of the strongest oyl of Vitriol IT helpeth the infirmities of the Lights with the water of Fennel or fumitory It cutteth away the melancholy humours from the stomack with Balm water and comforteth the stomack after a wonderful manner and doth defend the whole body from inward Apostumes and inflammations and therefore it is used with good successe in the Plurisie as also in vulnerary drinks it is approved good for it attenuateth the blood wondefully and defendeth the parts grieved from fear of Gangrene or putrefaction of the blood It conglutinateth ruptures as well of bones as veins and doth exceedingly corroborate and comfort all the parts of mans body and may well be numbred as a principal amongst cordial medicines It is also a very good medicine not onely in preventing the Scurvy taken inwardly but also It helpeth the Scurvy in the cure of the Scurvy many waies both inwardly taken with any comfortable wine or with beer for need or to make a Beverage therewith and daily to use it in small quantity namely four drops for a dose In the Calenture it excelleth all other medicines taken in Calenture Plantane Sorrel or any other good cooling water or onely in fair water Other convenient courses judiciously held as namely to A Caution procure to the party by suppository glyster or potion some looseness of body with also phlebotomy in due season and quantity according to judgement And likewise observing that a dose of Landanum is in such cases a fit help laying the party to rest a loosenes of the belly I say first had by nature or art Moreover for the overgrowings of the gums in the Scurvy Vitriol or Coperas hath no fellow namely a strong decoction of Vitriol with a little mel or mel rosarum and the gums The gums overgrown after they are let blood well rubbed therewith very hot helpeth well Also if a stronger lotion be required you may touch the rotten gums warily once with the oyl it self but beware you touch not the whole skin with the oyl recited or strong spirit for if you onely but rub A Caution the teeth therewith it is hurtful for it will offend and much decay them although I confesse it maketh them white I have had the experience thereof as well by making black teeth white as also in lotions for the teeth wherefore I know that the much use thereof consumeth Vlcerations of the mouth and throat the teeth in ulcerations of the throat or mouth that resist ordinary cure by other good lotions usual touch the ulcerated part warily but once therewith and the ulcerations will heal very fast A Caution afterwards with any ordinary medicines and helps remembring as cause shall require to use due evacuations or Phlebotomy Also this strong spirit is good for inflamations of the throat namely against Inflamations of the throat Squinancy or Angina used certain drops in a fit Gargarisme or Lotion namely to make it somewhat sower and then gargarize warm therewith for it mightily quencheth inflamations and tempereth well the blood and being likewise a little thereof given to drink namely six A Caution drops in such a case it is much the better alwaies remembring that all such diseases require loosenesse of the belly and sometimes phlebotomy Vlcers and fistula s. Moreover in ulcers and fistula's scarce a better medicine is found to enlarge a strict orifice remove a callow or truly to correct and prepare any inveterate Ulcer to good healing onely by touching it with lint on the end of a Probe thereby putting the medicine to the Purging medicines place where the cause is This strong tart spirit or oyl of Vitriol is almost generally in all purgative medicines a notable corrective and as it were a good help to them to do their office for it comforteth the whole body and it giveth a grateful taste almost to any medicine A bad appetite It is also good to a weak stomack oppressed with phlegme or slime and helpeth appetite taken in conserve of roses it hath infinite other vertues too long here to relate and indeed above my reach to search out Pestilential fevers There is no medicine more precious in pestilential fevers then this strong oyl or spirit is my self have often used it to others in that case and taken it my self with good successe The true and utmost dose is onely so much thereof as may make the vehicle or medicine wherein you give it somewhat sower but not too tart for no man can say justly give five six or seven drops for that one
with the Quick-silver which Quic-silver flieth up to the top of the helm or head of the Still together with the spirits of salt leaving the substance of the salt as also the Colcother in the The subtile quality of Quick-silver bottome of the glasse which is thereby said to be sublimed yet neverthelesse though it seem easily to be made let none attempt to make this medicine without good direction or experience for there is no small danger in the working thereof and yet it is a good medicine well used and hath much helped the Surgeon in the outward cures of desperate diseases as namely fistulaes and rebellious ulcers Of Precipitate How Precipitate is made PRecipitate is also Quick-silver distilled in Aqua fortis which by reason of the strong spirits contained in the violent and fierce vapors of the Aqua fortis or strong water it is coloured red or glistering or yellowish as experience sheweth the vapors proceeding from this kind of preparation are also dangerous and so are the medicines made therewith being often without due respect admiÌ„nistred yea â„¥ j. of Praecipitate one dosse often Pilâ— wise by Eâ—peâ—icks And again some others which would be esteemed more excellent for invention have this medicine a little removed And then they style it Turâ—â—th mineral attributing thereto the perfect cure of the Pox perswading themselves none can do like wonders to themselves but they are children in understanding and know iâ— not onely they are opinionated and The subtilty of Mercury bold and more often kill or spoil then heal as their consciences know for mercury is a fox and will be too crafty for fools yea and will oft leave them to their disgrace whâ—n they relying upon so uncertain a medicine promise health and in the stead of healing make their Patient worsethen before Of Sinabar Whereof Sinabrium is made and the use and abuse thereof SInabar which is used in fumes for the Pox is a deadly medicine made half of quick-silver and half of Brimstone by Art of fire I mean by distillation I know the abuse of these three recited medicines hath done unspeakable harm in the Common-wealth of England and daily doth more and more working the utter infamy and destruction of many an innocent man woman and child which I would my wits or diliÌ„gence knew to help for every horse-leech and bawd now upon each triâ—â—e will procure a Mercurial flux yea many a pitiful one whereby divers innocent people are dangerously deluded yea perpetually defamed and ruinated both of their good names goods healths and lives and that without remedy Me thinks I could spend much time if I had it even in setting down the good and bad things of quick-silver and yet I confess I am too weak to to describe the tenth part of his wonders In Laudem Mercurii OR IN PRAISE OF Quick-silver or Mercurie VVHereto shall I thy worth compare whose actions so admired are No medicine known is like to thee in strength in vertue and degree Thou to each Artist wise art found a secret rare ye safe and sound And valiantly thou plai'st thy part to cheerup many a doleful heart Yet makest thy patient seem like death with ugly 〈◊〉 with stinking breath But thou to health him soon restores although he have a thousand sores The perfect'st cure proceeds from thee for Pox for Gout for Leprosie For scabs for itch of any sort These cures with thee are but a sport Thou humors canst force to sublime and them throw down when thou seest time Yea from each end diseases flie when thou art prest thy force to try Sweat to provoke thou goest before and urine thou canst move good store To vomit for diversion best in purging down thou guid'st the rest Mans body dry thou canst humeckt performing it with respect And being too moyst thou mak'st it dry who can that secret cause descry Quid non men term thee wot's thou why thou canst be faithful yet wilt lye Thy temperament unequal strange is ever subject unto change For thou art moist all men may see and thou art dry in th' highest degree Thou' rt hot and cold even when thou please and at thy will giv'st pain in ease Yet thou hast faults for I dare say thou heal'st and kil'st men every day For which I will not thee excuse nor hold them wise that thee abuse But for my self I do protest as trusty friend within my brest Thy secrets rare most safe to hold esteeming them as finest gold And why thou art the Surgeons friend his work thou canst begin and end For tumours cure yea hot or cold thou art the best be it new or old For recent wounds who knoweth thee hath got a peerlesse mystery A Caustick thou art strong and sure what callous flesh can thee indure In maturation where 't is dew thou art the best I ever knew For repercussion thou win'st praise by dissolution thou giv'st ease What 's virulent thou do'st defie and sordid Ulcers dost descry Yea fistulaes profound and fell thou searchest out and curest well No ulcer can thy force indure for in digestion thou art sure Mundification comes from thee and incarnation thou hast free To sigillate thou do'st not fail and left strange symptoms should assail The grief late heal'd thou canst convay th' offending cause another way The Alchymist by Vulcan sought from volatile thee fixt t' have wrought But thou defiest his trumpery and changest him to beggery Had I but all thy healing Art it would so much advance my heart I should not doubt equal to be In wealth to Lords of high degree But from thy ve nemous vapours vile thy corrosive sting that bones defile Thy noysome savors full of pain God give me grace free to remain For when thou ragest Bird nor Tree nor fish nor fowl can withstand thee What mineral so stout can say she can withstand thy force one day In Saturns brest thou seem'st to dwell by Jupiter foyl thou dost excel Thou Lion-like surprisest Mars rich Sol thou mak'st as pale as ash Thou Venus beauty canst allay thou Hydrage dost Elipse Luna And though thou seem'st to wrong all six not one without thee can be fix Thou art their Mother so sayes Fame which gives them cause t' adore thy name Ready thou art as women be to help poor men in misery Humble to dust and ash at will water and oyl from thee men still Tost up and down in fire thou art yet subtil Mercurie plaies her part Meek as a Lamb manly cake soft as the Wool Tiger like Millions in one one in a Million Male and Female in thy pavillion Thou Hermaphrodite as Fathers know seeming solid truly not so Thou 'lt be in all none rests in thee thy boldnesse brings Calâ—mitie Thou Idoll of the Chymists old who shall thy secrets all unfold Swift is thy wing none can thee stay when thou seem'st dead thou' rt flown away If thou be in all things as men say daily
produced and fled away Up to skie down to the grave a wonder like thee where shall men have But mend thy faults or thou shalt hear I 'le blaze them out another year For many a guiltless man thou hast lam'd and many a modest wight defam'd And yet 't is sinne to wrong a thief th' Impostors fault therein was chief For he that would be bold with thee 't were meet he knew Philosophie For thou to such art known and true but hatest fools that men undoe Handling thee without due cause thou being not subject to their lawes Now to conclude one boon grant me I will requite it gratefully If th' old wife kill thee with fasting spittle survive to make her patient cripple For well I know it is in thee to cause disgrace effectually His throat and nose see thou defile For thou thy Father canst beguile Force out his teeth close up his jaw and leave scarce entrance for a straw Yea deafe or dumb see thou him make with ache and woe with palsie shake Regard not thou though he should curse whose griefs th' hast chang'd from ill to worse It 's known by thee ther 's many sleep for whom 't is now too late to weep I 'le leave thee lest thy anger rise thy favours let no man despise For as sword drawn I know thou' rt prest men to offend or yield them rest To any mov'd at these mean rimes I answer 't was my idle times And love to youths in Surgerie urg'd me t' unmask old Mercurie If Zoylus deem I stretch too wide in praising thee what heer 's descri'd I nothing doubt to prove each line to him that quarrels in-due time A word or two touching the foure Elements The foure Elements are Fire Aire Water and Earth But the division which the Chymists of these times plead for touching the Elements Josephus Quercitanus expresseth in these words following saith he The whole world is The whole world contained in two globes What is comprehended in the superiour Globe What the inseriour containeth divided into two Globes to wit into the superiour Heaven which is Aetheriall and Aery and into the inferiour Globe which containeth the Water and the Earth The superiour Globe which is Aetheriall hath in it fire lightning and brightnesse and this fiery Heaven is one formall and essentiall Element the water and earth are the other two Elements so he concludes there is but three and with him all the Chymists of latter times subscribe affirming that number most perfect which agreeth with the everlasting Trinitie Paracelsus in a Treatise of his called Meteorum cap. 1. mentioning the difference betwixt foure and three Elements hath these words Touching fire saith he fire which is esteemed one of the foure Elemente can stand with no reason so to be but as touching the Earth the Water and the Aire they are truly Elements for they give Element â—o man but as touching fire it giveth no Element it hath no part in the breeding of man-kind for it is well possible for a man to be bred and to live without fire but neither without aire water nor earth can man live for in truth from the heavens by help of the other two Elements doth proceed Summer and Winter cold and heat and all nourishment and increase whatsoever without the help of fire Therefore are the heavens the fourth Element yea and the first for the sacred Word sheweth us that in the beginning God made Heaven and Earth shewing that Heaven was the first made and in the outward heavens are included the water and earth which saith Paracelsus may be compared to wine contained in a vessel for wine is not gathered and prepared without a vessel first had and ready proving also many wayes that the fire is included within the Element of Aire and is no Element of it self To prove the like opinion touching the foure Elements I could rehearse the names of many famous Writers if I had leisure and that the occasion were worth it but the question little concerneth the cure of diseases by young Chirurgions wherefore I will conclude this point my self intending neither to quarrel for to prove three nor four let there be four or three either of both shall contentme Certain Fragments concerning Chirurgerie and Alchymie To the Chirurgicall Reader LOving Reader I held it not altogether impertinent to acquaint thee as by the way with some customes which I have observed concerning Chirurgions in forraign parts in my younger dayes travels and chiefly in the Germane Empire as touching their manner of allowing or approving of Chirurgions in those parts if by accident any young Artist should affect to make trial by travel thither for his better experience as I my self have done he may take notice hereby for his instruction Imprimis their orders there generally are that every City Town Corporte or place priviledged hath a constant rule as by ancient tradition of the allowing of onely an usuall accustomed number of Chirurgions thereunto appertaining so that for one instance if the Citie of Hamburge hath twelve Chirurgions belonging thereto although a thousand pound should be tendered in any way to produce a freedome for a thirteenth Chirurgion it could not prevail nor would be taken there as likewise generally it is so all over Germany and each Chirurgion is bred and must be a Barber and so are all Barber Chirurgions and if any one die his Office Art and place rests in the power or disposing of his wife to the use of her and hers so that who so marrieth her or compoundeth with her of what Nation or Countrey soever he be that shall exercise the place it is alike provided he be brought in by the widdow as her husband or agent for her he is capable of a place void having first made his master-piece and performed some Manuall exercises usuall with them in his art of Chirurgerie thereby to give a sufficient testimony to the world of his answerable skill in his Art or Science as namely either by grinding and setting a delicate lancet and therewith opening severall veins smoothly for the more manifest effecting whereof to the brethren of his calling one will lend him his vein namely one on the thumb one on the foot and one on the arme one other on the forehead as also by the neat and exact making an artificial Emplaster Vnguent or the like which done being by rest of the Masters of the Citie approved of and some other rites and ceremonies answering to his calling by him performed according to the custome of the place that he intendeth to reside in he is then being esteemed a Regular person and also having made the Brotherhood of the place and himself well drunk once twice or thrice he is I say ipso sâ—cto admitted to be a brother and freely to use his Function and iâ— styled by the name and honour of a Master of his profession Thus much of their custome But our customes are different from theirs
more of that for whereas Bees may suck Honey even there Spiders will convert a plain stile into Poyson and Gall. Non omnibus dormio A ready defensative powder to be applyed where Iust cause is for a defensative either for wounds with Gun-shot or other Wounds which I have made use of and will impart the secret to young practitioners and is as followeth R. Terra sigillat Alumin Vitriol Tartar Cerus ana 1 li. Bol. Armen 2 li. Aquae 1 li. ss Take a new earthen pot of almost a Gallon and a half put the water into the pot and thereunto put the Allom and the Copperas then powder the tartar and put that in also and then have ready the other ingrediences in powder put them in by little and little stirring them very well until all be incorporated and without seething keepe the Medicine on the fire till it be hard and if you cannot make it hard enough in that manner so that being cold it will powder then put it into some dreppin Pan or the like and into an oven when the bread is drawn and it will be hard then being cold powder it and keep it to your use for it will not decay nor alter his Vertue in many years And when you would use it for a defensative take of this powder about halfe an ounce of Posca I meane water and Vinegar mixed foure ounces put the powder therein which will almost melt then dip clouts therein and apply them This medicine with moderation used is a true and excellent defensative and a very anodine Also it healeth all itchings smartings gaulings or any Erisipelas or other excoriations speedily and safely and dryeth it mightily preventeth from accidents either in great wounds or fractures and being in small quantity used with faire water to ulcers it cleanseth them well and healeth them And if you have whites of egges mixed with a Posca it were the better or in fractures with yolkes and whites together it is very good onely let the care of the Surgeon be that he apply it in his true nature namely as a defensative in fit time and touching the rest of the uses thereof he may presume he hath a very good Medicine and so for this time I take my leave Vale in Christo Jesu A Description of the Trafine and the necessary uses thereof especially for Military occasions for young Surgeons HAving had sufficient tryals of the facility and of the Trafine I have thought fit to commend it and the use thereof for the future to the younger Artist upon some of their requests not detracting ought from the worthinesse and due commendations of the Author of the Trapan concerning that excellent invention yet by way of addition to my former Edition I thought fit here to describe the Trafine it being an Instrument of my own composing which experience will shew is more compendious and of more facility in the use thereof for young practicioners in Surgery then is the Trapan the which Instrument although it may be said to be derivative or Epitomy of or from the Trapan yet well observed it performeth as much as the Trapan in every degree and more and for that it was so fashioned and first practised by my selfe I thought fit to put the name of a Trafine upon it a tribus finibus from the three ends thereof each being of several uses and being as it may appeare triangular or three cornered each corner there of performing the part it seemeth to undertake so that it fully supplyeth and maketh good all the uses of a Trapan with the one end and that with more facility as is said and safely then the Trapan doth or can doe and it supplyeth with the second end all the uses of a smooth Levatory and supplyeth the necessity of a Jagged or toothed Levatory with the third end the said Levatories being all necessary adjutors in helping to make and finish the Trafine or tres finis and who so shall please to make a judicial experience thereof not being prejudicated will find that it far exceedeth the Trapan in all his uses in the compendious and safe performance of the workes as well of the two Levatories as of a Trapan recited which the former can no way be said to be Secondly the Trapan cannot be well managed without both the hands of the Artist viz. the one for the work of erosion by the Artificial motion thereof in turning it ever round for the better penetrating of the Cranium the other hand must be used to keep it steddy upon the affected part and yet the upper part of the Instrument must neverthelesse as of necessity rest upon the Surgeons brest yea and the Surgeon must for that purpose order his body in a fit posture and further yet the Surgeon must have a second man for an assistant of necessity that must be imployed to stay the Patients head whereas with this Instrument I meane the Trafine the whole worke is performed by the two hands of the Surgeon onely with farre more dexterity and quicker then with the Trapan as is said yea and that with much more comfort both to the patient and to the Artist as the practice therewith will plainely shew and againe there is no such danger attending that Instrumentas doth the Trapan for the heads of the Trafine are made all taper to wit wider above then beneath and also cut both wayes and cannot therefore easily be said to offend the Dura Mater by an error to be suggested to happen in the use thereof without stupid ignorance in the Artist Thirdly the Trapan of old had ever the heads as wide above as beneath which heads were many wayes both very dangerous and uncertaine especially when the Instrument by turning round had cleane pierced through the Cranium and thereby after the same head had fully perforated the Cranium round it was very apt on the suddaine to slip downe upon the Dura Mater by error and improvidence of the Artist either upon oblivion or omission divers wayes as namely for one if the Artist did not truly equally and strongly fasten the small screw being an iron or rather a steele pin that stayeth and fasteneth the said head of the Trapan which the Artist pierceth with for the gaging thereof either by hast which though otherwise he might adjudged a careful Surgeon yet upon his eager proceeding on his work might unhappily be omitted and even that small error might cause danger to the life of the Patient and sometimes proved the irrecoverable cause of his death whereas this Instrument the Trafine hath all the heads thereof made taper as is said namely wider above then below piercing every way alike and therefore there needeth no rule or gager especially in the being performed without turning it round about but is done by the onely moving or agitating of the hand to and fro yea with the onely moving of the wrist of the hand and which is another manifest benefit thereof it
made of good steele I meane the head of the pin or center and the ends of the levatories and that the pin stand fast on and directly in the middest of the head thereof namely in the true center of the Instrument and also that the Artist have three heads of several sizes in readinesse by him is likewise very fitting with also an Instrument called a Lenticular at hand to cleanse away all small shivers and raspings of bones justly proceeding in the operation of excision as also for the removing whatsoever else may seeme by consequence to offend the Dura Mater or that way else might hinder healing And further I advise that every young Artist take some convenient time before hand to make tryal of his Trafine as is said upon a Calves-head or the like subject before he put it in practice upon a man for a good Surgeon may erre even in a small omission in such a businesse to his grief and reproach if he be not exceeding cautious and for that cause I advise every young Surgeon as is said to suspect himself and warily to consider that the precious life of man so dependeth upon the care wisdome and artificial skill of the Surgeon in his work as that upon a small omission or errour of forgetfulnesse or but a very little mistake a man is in a moment slain by art for want of art when it will be too late for the Artist within himself to ruminate of the things that most conduced to the mischief and upon all occasions or omissions whatsoever befalling the Artist let him ever be fearful and careful of entring too deep for fear of wounding or but scratching of the Dura Mater for those transgressions often produce fearfull accidents and deadly Again as in speaking else-where of the use of the Trapan I have mentioned let every Artist be very well advised and fully resolved of the just necessity of the use of the Trapan and so of this Instrument before he attempt to use it and not lightly upon suggestions or for vain ostentation sake nor above all for base lucres sake to put his patient upon the use of either of them for that it is apparent many great concussions depressions yea and some fractures are cured without any such Instrument I have sometimes also observed that young Surgeons upon a rashnesse of their opinion and now and then for foolish vain glory and ostentation sake have been overforward in that point of putting themselves upon the work of piercing the Cranium not attending the true time of nature and by waiting to see what she can or will perform of her self as in truth he ought to do for that the Surgeon being natures hand-maid not her guide ought judiciously to attend her Crisis and to procced by the advises of ancient grave Artists that are experienced Surgeons in those works for sometimes there are dangerous symptomes that cease without the use of the Trapan or Trafine by making of a wound or by the onely competent enlarging of the wound in which work it is good to be very sure in the making incision upon the head that he do well divide the Pericranium so far as he intends to set his Trafine at the least wheresoever there is cause of enlarging or incising any would of the head for the Trafine or otherwise for the onely dividing that Membrane is in many cases sufficient and serveth instead of the intended work of piercing the Cranium and further touching incision observe that as too small incision is not good that the Surgeon ever have regard to preserve the beauty of nature as much as may be as suppose it were in any part of the face to make too large an incision there especially when it falleth out to be near the temporal muscles or on the forehead Now a word or two more and an end of that businesse concerning the Trafine and I will conclude there is yet a necessary Instrument which of a kind of necessity ought to be at hand whensoever the Trafine is put to work for that there may be unexpectedly use of it and it is as formerly named a Lenticular or a cleanser which immediately after the eroding part of the Trafine hath performed his fitting office and is removed this Lenticular or smoother being a little warmed is to be put into the wound where the eroding part stood and with a gentle sensible hand to be passed to and fro upon that most tender panicle I mean the Dura Mater thereby to bring away any small erosions scrapings dust spills of bones or what else soever might be imagined could give offence to that most sensible and noble Panicle This with the premises well had in regard I leave the young Artist to Gods blessing and conclude this Chapter with a loving admonition to the younger sort of my brethren for their imitations that like as our blessed Saviour said to his Disciples in his spiritual Discipline to them when he sent them forth into the world to preach the glad tydings of salvation he admonished them and no doubt infused power sufficient into them to be wise as Serpents and innocent or harmlesse as Doves and withal willed them to beware of men and even the like premonition do I give to my Brechren of the younger sort concerning the great ttust of the precious lives and limbs of men referred to their skill trust and care and namely that they with the utmost that in them is and even as they would answer it before their living God who seeth not as men see that with innocent hearts they without any sinister ends truly and faithfully perform their charge in healing those whom they take into cure and charge and that in the obedience and in the fear of God their innocence may appear before God and be witnessed by their Works A TREATISE Faithfully and plainly Declaring the way of preventing preserving from and curing of that most fearful and contagious Disease called the Plague VVith the PESTILENTIAL FEAVER and other the fearfull Symptomes and Accidents incident thereunto According to the long Practice and Experience of John Woodal Master in SURGERY Surgeon of his Majesties Hospital of S. Bartholomewes and Surgeon General to the East-India Company But under benedicite namely as imploring and ascribing all the Honour and Praise unto God alone for his favour and mercies touching the salubrious effects thereof Chirurgi peperere manus Jovis acta salubres ex cujus pendet nostra favore salus Sin Deus auxilio morbis languentibus absit frustratur medicus deficit artis opus LONDON Printed by J. L. for Nicholas Bourn 1653. THE PREFACE Courteous Reader Such is Gods manifest miraculous hand in his various and unsearchable wayes of afflicting Mankind in that most noysome disease of the Pestilence that it is not onely wonderful but also impossible for the wit of any man how wise or learned soever he may esteem himself or by others be esteemed to give a sufficient reason with
pestilential Boyle Of the second outward sign of the Plague THe second outward signe in the Disease is the most fierce burning Carbuncle called Anthrax or the burning coale which happeneth his ubique namely in every part of mans body without order rule or controule within the body as well as without The second sign Anthrax and at the first appearance thereof if visible it doth appear commonly inflamed and hard and 〈◊〉 the middest thereof with a burning pain afflicting the sick like to burning fire yea and will sometimes blister even with the ardent Fervour thereof and in others The effcte of it it will itch very much which if it be scratched there will come forth a sharp reddish yellowish or sometimes a dusky coloured Ichor The description of it And to some again the paine is so fierce and great that the Patient will grow to to be mad with extremity thereof The description of it The shape or figure of this Disease is most commonly somewhat round and the colour uncertaine according to the predomination of the humour infected or infecting or sometimes it is pale though the party be in a feavour sometimes reddish sometmies black or purple or greenish and the two last colours are most feareful and this disease is seldome healed without so much losse of the musculous flesh and skin as it taketh first hold of in what part soever it happen except by sweating medicines in the beginning of the disease the fury thereof be changed but it is a very good signe of life when it separateth it selfe so that the Fever cease for the Carbuncle commeth seldome or never to suppuration as doth the Bubo But it will admit separation and come to a kind of unperfect digestion many times and after wil come to fall out as a gangrenated part doth where Nature is strong and it usually will separate and come away in one intire piece from the sound but if it grow black and separate not nor any circular digestion be and the Feaver abate not then it may befeared Death is at hand for little hope of recovery is in the Patient The danger of it And againe if it appeare greenish the party commonly dyeth also you shall see some Carbuncles smooth as glasse and of a blacke shining colour not unlike pitch with intollerable paine and the member whereon they are fixed will be ponderous and unwildy to move to and fro and seeming to the patient as if it were heavily overburthened or as though it suffered by hard ligature and I have seen Patients that have had Carbuncles within the body whereof one hath been within the stomach and some have it in their liver and ther principal parts but such live not many dayes I have taken out the whole eye from one by a Carbuncle seated therein who recovered and from another the halfe nose from another the halfe of the beard with also the lippe whereon it grew which of it selfe fell off by separation and from the third one of his testicles I mean one of his stones with the purse and all and that man was with the halfe of his Scrotum living at the writing hereof as in my other Treatise elsewhere is mentioned Thus much of the second principal signe or apparant Demonstration of the Plague namely the Carbuncle Of the Blaine The third signe a Pestilential Blain THe third manifest and demonstrative signe of this Disease is the Pestilential Blain whereof some infected have many and divers have not one and this Disease is a painful angry push somewhat like the small pock but yet in colour more red or The descripion of it cloudy seldome transparent as a small pock usually is but farre more paineful some have them somewhat lesse some bigger with a small head of an angry blew or reddish colour sometimes of a lead colour and somewhat hard or fleshy and as it were growing upon a large root or stool this Disease is found in every part of the body but this Blain seldome killeth or hindreth the cure of the diseased but it rather serves for a demonstrative sign of the Disease then otherwise and helpeth to breathe out the venome as I gather For if by vertue from above or of good Medicines or by strength of nature the feavour The cause of it be overcome the Blain dryeth away and requireth no other cure For as I conceive it only proceeds ex ebullitione Sanguinis Venenosi of the ebullition or boyling of venemous blood which being thrust out either by the immediate work of God or Art or Nature health easily followeth and the blains vanish unlesse by natures weaknesse or through the undue use or want of Phlebotomy or of purging medicines or for want of following the cure by Diaphoretick medicaments in season the venome be repelled from the supeâ—ficies to the centre as too oft in the cure of that disease it happeneth and in such a case eminent death is to be feared And so I conclude of the third notable sign the Blayn Of the Marks or spots commonly though neither properly nor alwaies truly called Gods Tokens The fourth sign Gods tokens The fourth apparent outward sign of the plague is the markes or spots appearing upon the skin usually called Gods tokens but not as being ever certain tokens of the pestilence and so of death to the patient as vulgarly they are taken to be by ignorant people Of the ignorantly mistaking them in their unexpert conjectures and opinions for that it is daily manifest many have spots of several formes and colours when venomous feavours reign and yet have not the Plague and again many have suspitious and fearful spots which the vulgar term Gods tokens and recover and live many yeares after my self have cured not a few in that kind that are now to Gods glory living these spots are upon some bodies like Flea-bitings in others larger in some again as big as a penny Of the several colours In some bodies there are very many and sometimes they are like freckles and they are most commonly found upon the breast and sometimes upon the back arms and legs of the patients they are in some of a colour blewish or of a sad red and some are like lead-colour and others purple some are of a pale-blew and these spots are ever without pain but the very appearance of any spots to any in the Plague cause sudden fear to the Patient which though the markes be insensible yet through sudden fear they produce faintings Their effects caused by fear swoundings trembling of the heart and death following thereupon although neither the Patient feel pain as is said neither alwayes the Artist can judge by reason he seeth just cause of sudden death to his Patient the reason being secret with God as inwardly afflicting maukind de Praescientia Dei namely of the fore-knowledge of God So much of the marks spots or tokens in some appearing in the Disease of
must be very careful to lye still and keep his armes in bed all the time of his sweating or that he have warm sleeves to defend them from cold A second Diaphoretick to be administred Yet by unwarranted fear be not too forward to reiterate â— sweating Mâ—diâ—ines too quick And yet again if any evill signes appear to you give him as afore more Diaphoretick or sweating Medicines untill you see by the lightnesse chearfulnesse and good signes in the sick with good perswasion that the venemous vapours which caused the disease be almost or altogether spent or that the Botch Blain Carbuncle or spots come forth For if the outward signes appear upon his sweatings or that he be chearful and that no outward markes do appear in either of these two cases there is great hope of his well-doing Wherefore I wish as if often rehearsed that all men begin betimes Râ—midies not to be delayed to use Remedies whilest strength of Nature is ready at hand For those which do take a good Cordial that causeth sweat at the very first seldome have any outward Sores or markes at all and if they have they are light small and easily healed and when you find the danger of the person past or venome of the sicknesse is spent and the party chearful then and not before may you having good advice purge but I hold it safer to forbear Laxatives even then also A note of the danger of purging For you must note that if you purge if there be any venomoús quality in the body at all left as is said you draw it to the centre of the body namely to the heart and so double the danger and for the rest of the cure no man can prescribe what in each body shall be fitting by any one general rule for that one person is seldome taken as another in that fearful disease Onely take this one thing for a rule of comfort in general that this disease commonly is swift and is short and doth begin and end in a moneth commonly at the utmost for it is termed but the disease of one Moon if the party be likely to live and the danger of death for the time over no Apostumes Boyles or Sores whatsoever do heal Of the sudden care of the Plague faster nor sooner then those of that disease of the Plague do when the fury of the Feaver is once past For the disease is a Feaver like to a furious storm short and terrible but the fury once over it is the calmest of all contagious diseases whatsoever and the easiest to be healed far better then the French Pox. And moreover note one thing elsewhere mentioned in all cordial Medicines and Julips there is not a safer nor better thing to resist the putrefaction and venom to comfort the head and the stomach and Of the good use and danger of Oyl of Vitriol to quench thirst then is Oyl of Vitriol so you use it warily but you must be very wary that to one draught of Drink or Julip you put not above four or rather but three drops and using it but a very little at a time you may use it the oftner and the safer otherwise there is some danger therein The choyce of it You shall know the goodnesse of this Oyl by the clearnesse thereof and by the weight thereof for if it be as clear as Rock-water and ponderous almost as Lead then is it very good By my will I would never give any Purge nor any Cordial without it if I could have it for I have found it by much practice to be very precious Also if you do take the quantity of one ounce of conserve of Roses and about eight small or single drops of Oyl of Vitriol and mix them exceeding well and give the Patient a little thereof to eat or at the least to keep in his mouth now and then in the time of his sicknesse it is exceeding cooling and comfortable for him and quencheth thirst singular well The vertue of Salt of Wormwood And you shall find much the more profit in it if you adde Salt of Wormwood thereto as is said elsewhere either one Scruple or half a Drachme for a Dose according to the strength of the sick and vehemency The Dose of the disease for it mightily encreaseth the force of the other Medicine in provoking of sweat and refresheth the spirits Sal-Niter is also good if the disease proceed of a not cause a like Dose given Things to be observed by the attenders of the sick And note further one observation generally to be had in mind by the attenders of the sick that they give the Patients leave ever freely to put their arms out of the bed both night and day except in the times of sweating and to that end be careful to provide them Wastcoats Sleeves or at the least the legs of old Hose or any mean thing to the poorer sort to keep their arms warm For my self know by experience of my own body when I had the Plague and so since of many others that have been under my cure how comfortable a freedom it is for a sick man to have leave to spread and cast out his arms and how uncomfortable a thraldome and imprisonment it is for a poor weak man by his Keeper to be forced to keep his arms in the bed or in any one certain position Wherefore the attenders of the sick ought to have judgment and commiseration I mean a fellow-feeling of the infirmities of the sick and chiefly in this most fierce disease of the Plague Note also that in Summer when the Sicknesse beginneth hot or burning in the Drinks that you give your Patients whether Antidotes or Cordials that you ever use Wine Vineger a spoonful or two where you do not use Oyl of Vitriol but if you have oyl of Vitriol it far exceedeth Vineger as is often said Also note especially in the house where a Child is infected that great care be had to keep the Children from him for there is a farre greater sympathetical danger betwixt Children then betwixt Men and Women which daily experience sheweth Note also that for Infants and tender Women Andromach or Venice Treacle is a good Medicine as it is made by the view and order of the Colledge of Physicians of London and in want of it which my self would as soon take good London Treacle if it be also truly made according to the prescription and by the view of the said Reverend Doctours of the Colledge of London I hold it a most fit Medicine The Dose of Theriac Andromach to a child and the rather for that it is of taste easie to be taken in but the quantity at a time to be taken of it must be as is said to the strongest may safely be given Ê’ ij which is about the weight of eighteen pence in money at a time and to a Child about 3 pence or 6 pence or 9
Cantharides 74 Calcother or Deadhead 216 25â— Carduus Benedictus 81 Cariophili 70 Carunckle in the bladder 15 Cassia Fistula 66 Cathetor 15 Catlings 1 2 Carbuncles signes of the Plague nature and cure 331 Commentare 252 Cementum Cementatio 268 Cera citrina 74 252 Ceratio 268 Cerussa Venetarum 76 252 Chasing-dish 24 Chalibs 251 Characters usuall with Chymists from 248 to 260 China 66 253 Cinefactio 268 Cineres ligni 252 Cinnabrium 78 252 Cinnamonum 70 Circulatio 268 Clarificatio 270 Clouts 24 Close-stoole 25 Coadunatio 270 Coagmentatio 270 Coagulatio 270 Coctio 270 Cohobatio 270 Colatio 270 Colliquatio 270 Coloratio 270 Collâ—ca passio nature of it signes cures 197 198 199 200 Combustio 270 Comminutio 270 Complexio 270 Compositio 270 Confectio Alkermes 58 Hamech 56 Confrictio 270 Confusio 270 Congelatio 270 Conglutinatio 270 Conservae Anthos Cidoniorum Lujulae Prunellorum Rosar rubr 55 Contusio 270 Convulsion 88 Copperas vide Vitriol Copper vide Venus Corallus albus rubr 252 Cornu cervi 65 Corrosio 270 Cortex Granatorum Guaci 67 Costivenesse 9 200 201 Cribratio 270 Crocus Commun Martis Veneris 66 252 Crowes Bills 7 Cupping-glasses 22 Cupping ibid. Cups for Physicall potions 24 D. Decoctio 253 Deliquatio 270 Deliquium 270 Descensio 270 Despumatio .. 270 Dentes Elephantini 59 Diacodion 60 Diamoron 54 Diaprunum simplex 56 Diarrhaea or flux of the belly the cure 177 to 183 Diascordium 60 Diaphoreticks to procure sweat 318 Diatessaron 53 346 347 Diatrion piperion 57 Dies nox 253 Diet pot 23 Difflatio 270 Digestio 253 270 Dislocations 153 154 155 Dismembring 146 156 158 in Gun-shot 304. in putrid parts 387 Dissolutio 270 Distractio 270 Distillatio 270 Divaporatio 270 Drink for the Calenture 23 205 Drink for the Lask 23 Dysenteria and cure 182 183 184 185 E Ear-pickers 12 Elaboration 271 Election 271 Electuarium Diacatholicon 56 Diaphaenicon 56 de Ovo 58 344 345 de sncco Rosarum 56 Elementa 253 Elevation 271 Elixation 271 Elution 271 Emplastrum Calidum 29 De Lapide Caluminari vel grifium 29 Diacalsithres 28 Diach cum gummis 27 parvum 28 Melilot simplex pro splene 28 de Minio 29 Oxicroceum 28 Stipticum Paracelsi 27 Esker when to be pricked in Apostumes 47. lying long a good sign 47 Eskers fall must not be hastned where Nature hath breathing 47 Esker cannot by Art be kept in Apostumes 47 Evaporation 271 Euphorbium 65 Exaltation 271 Exhalation 271 Expression 271 Exitus Ani the causes and cures by fomentation and otherwise 212 213 Expressio 271 Extinctio 271 Extractio 271 Extract Cathol purg 56 Eyes ill affected to cure 215 F Farina Fabarum Hordei Tritici Volatilis 88 Fermentatio 271 Ferruminatio 271 Fever what it is with cure in generall 88 Files with their uses 10 11 Filtrum 253 Filteratio 271 Fimus Equinus 253 Fish living draw Carbuncles 365 Fission 271 Fistula's and Vlcers with cures 147 Fixatio 253 271 Fluxes the divers kinds cures 177 178 179 180. an approved remedie for the flux 25 26 Flos Aeris 253 Flores Anthes 78 Balaustiarum 78 Centauriae 79 Chamomeli 78 Hyperici 79 Melilot 79 Sambucin 79 Folia Sennae 64 Forcers 16 Forceps 17 Fractio 271 Fractures with the parts and divers cures 149 150 Falling of the Fundament vide Exitus Ani. 112 113 A Funnell necessary 24 Frixion 271 Fulmination 271 Fumigation 271 Fumes for infected aire and houses apparell 337 338 Fulnesse of stomack by nauseous humours 348 Furfur Tritici 80 G GAngreen the definition and cause 381. cure 384 385 386 Gangreene caused by losse of blood 397 Examples of Gangreâ—â—â— amputated by the Authour 397 398 Galbanum 72 Gallae 75 Gallens unguent in Amputation 159 Galens rule in Dysenteria 188 Ginger vide Zinziber Glasses 24 Glister pot 12 Glister Siringe vide Siringe Glister how to prepare with rules in the administration of it 12 13 Glister vocat Enema Fumosum with the draught or description of the Instrument or Pipe whereby we deliver it 49 Gold vide Sol. Goose Bills 7 Gradation 272 Gradus 254 Granatorum Cortex 67 Granulation 272 Gravers 10 11 Gray paper 24 Guaci Cortex 67 Lignum 67 Gummi 71 Gummi 254 Gummi Ammoniacum 71 Galbanum 72 Guacum 71 Opopanac ibid. Sagapaenum 72 Tragacanth 73 Bdellium 71 Myrrha 72 Mastick 72 Styrax 72 Benzoin 73 Ladanum 72 Pix Burgundiae 73 Communis 73 Resina 73 Gums over-grown with filthy skin and rotten with their cures 213 Guttigamba vel Cambogia 66 H HAmules 11 Hemorrhaea 87 171 Head Saw with rules in Sawing 5 Hermodactyli 65 Hooks 11 Hernia humoralis with Cure 308 Horsleeches draw Carbuncles 365 Hordeum Commune Gallicum 67 Humectation 272 Hyems 254 I IGnis 254 Ignition 272 Iliaca passio what it is the signes cures by Cataplasmes Fomentations Glisters Potions c. 194 195 196 Illiquation 272 Imbibition 272 Imbution 272 Incarnative medicines 89 Inceration 272 Incineration 272 Incision 1 2 Incision by Caustick 1 Incision by the Caustick stone 47 Ink. 24 Incorporation 272 Infusion 272 Inhumation 272 Injections into the yard with the manner how to insert 14 Injections of Mercury bad for the yard 14 Insolation 272 Intemperature in general what it is and what intemperature of the Liver is 87 Irons to cauterize 7 Irrigation 272 Iron vide Mars 248 Jupiter or Tin ibid. K KNives for Amputation or dismembring with their use 2 Knives for Incision 1 2 L LAc Virginis 240 Ladanum 72 306 Lanxthorn 24 Lapis Calaminaris 254 Granatus 254 Hematites 254 Magnetis 254 Prunellae 254 Sabulosus 254 Lateres Cribrat Integr 255 Ladanum Opiat Paracelsi 59 189 to 194 Lancet with the use 18 Lead vide Saturn 239 Lenticular 316 A Levatory 4 Levigatio 273 Limatio 273 Limatura Martis 255 Limon juyce 165 Limon water 39 Linimentum Arcei 35 Liquatio 273 Liquefactio 273 Liquiritia 67 Lixivium 210 Lixivium Commune Forte 44 Lixivium lucinium 255 Lotio commun 43 273 Lues Venerea 254 Luna 239. Crescens decrescens 254 Lupines 74 Lutation 273 Lutum Commune Sapientia 255 Lienteria 177 Lythargicum 77 Argenti 256 Auri. 256 Ptumbi 256 M MAcis 70 Maceration 273 Mallet and Chissel for Amputation 5 Marchasita 256 Mars or Iron 236 Mastick 70 Maturation 273 Mel simplex 37 257 Mel. Rosarum 54 Saponis 33 Measures for Chirurgions 310 Melissa 81 Mellilotum 81 Mensis 256 Mentha 80 Mercurius 238 248 Mercurius Jovis 256 Lunae 256 Martis 256 Praecipitat 256 Saturni 256 Sublimat 256 Solis 256 Veneris 256 Mercury praised in general and also dispraised 239 256 Methridatum 58 Metals sâ—ven in number their vertues names and Characters 239 248 Minium 77 Minii Emplastrum 29 Mint-water 40 Minutum 257 Mirabolans 65 Mistion 273 Mollition ibid. Mortar and Pestel 24 Mullets 11 Multiplication 273 Mundification 273 Mummia 74 Myrrhe 70 N NEck of a glister Siringe may be crooked 12 Nippers for Amputation 5 Needles and stitching quills 18 Niter salt 47 217 Nutrition 273 Nux Muscata
71 O. Oleum 257 Oleum Absinthii Commun 50 Chimic 53 Oleum Amigdalarum Amararum dulcium 50 Oleum Anethinum 48 Agarici 49 Anisi 52 Antimonii 52 Chamomelinum 48 Cariophillorum 51 Hypericon composit simplex 48 Juniperinum 52 Laâ—inum 49 Liliorum 48 Lini 49 Lumbricorum 48 Macis 51 Origani 53 Ovorum 49 Papavorum 50 Petreoli 50 Philosophorum 52 Rosarum 48 Sambucinum 49 Scorpionum 50 Spicae 52 Succini Chimicè 53 Sulphuris per Campanam 51 Terebinthinae 52 Vitrioli 51 Opium 66 Opopanax 71 Orpiment vide Auripigmentum Oximel simplex 54 Oyntments fit for the Chirurgions Chest 31 P PLaces 10 Payl of Brasse 24 â—5 Philonium Persicum Romanum Tarsense 60 Phlebotomie with instructions concerning blood-letting 19 20 Phlegma Vitrioli 212 257 Phlegmes 11 Piger Henricus 257 Pillulae Aggregativae 61 Aureae 62 Cambogiae 62 Cochiae 62 de Euphorbio 62 Ruffi 62 Pills how to be hardened and dryed up 166 Piper nigrum 70 Pipkins 24 Pix Burgundiae Graeca Navalis 73 Plaister-box with appurtenances 16 Plaisters for the Chirurgions Chest 27 Plantane water 42 184 Plague what it is 323. what parts are most subject to the plague 324. natural causes 326. precedent signes 327. signes presaging death 328. Gods tokens with the manner of them 333. Directions for preservation from Infection 334. Fumes to purge aire in houses 337 338. Cordials 340 364. loosenesse unsafe Burges receit 343. Electuar de Ovo good in the Plague 344. Diatessaron good in the plague 346. Cordials for women with child 347. Pillulae Ruffi their vertue and dose in the plague 348. Plague not cured by solutives 351. danger of Laxatives 352 359. Julips for the diseased of the plague 354. against swâ—uning 355 Blood-letting good in the plague and sweating to be used 357. Venice Treacle good in the plague 360. Diet for the sick of the plague 361. Angena mendosa incident to people in contagious times with the cure 362. cure of pains in the head of those who are infected 363. Emplasters and Cataplasmes to draw and heal Buboes Blaines Carbuncles 364. 365 366. Aurum vitae a rare Experiment to cure the Plague by sweating the manner of using it 367. Lastly Certificates from S. Margarets Westminster to the Lords of the Councel concerning the effects of this and another Certificate from the Major and Justices of North-hampton touching the cures done by the Aurum vitae Plumbum album 76 Philosophorum 257 ustum 77 Polypodium 65 Porringers for blood-letting 23 Gally-Pots 24 Praecipitate vide Mercury Precipitation 273 Probation ibid. Probes with use of them 8 Procidentia Ani vide Exitus Ani. Projectio 273 Prolectatio 273 Pullicans 10 11 Pulpa Tamarindorum 61 Pulvis 257 Pulvis Arthreticus 63 Punchies 10 11 Purgatio 273 Purificare 257 Putrefactio 257 273 Q QUartation 273 Quicksilver Vide Mercury Quils for stitching 18 Quinta Essentia 258 273 Quinta Essentia Vini 258 273 R Radices Altheae 82 Angelica ibid. Chinae 66 Consolidae major 82 Pyrethri ibid. Raphani silvestris ibid. Rasion 274 Rasour 2 Ravens Bills 7 Realgar 258 Reductio 274 Repurgation ibid. Resina 73 Resolution 274 Restinction ibid. Restrictive necessary in a fracture 150 Retorta 258 Reverberation 258 274 Rhabarbarum 64 Rob. Berberum Cidoniorum 55 Rosa solis 38 Rosae rubrae 78 Rose-vineger 44 Rose-water Damask Red. 41 Rosemary 80 Rosemary-water 39 S SAbina 82 Saccharum 69 Saith Saturni 179 240 Sal. Absinthâ—i 216 Askoli 259 Anomoniac ibid. Colkotharis ibid. Communis 258 Gemmae ibid. Nitri 47 317 Petrae 258 Tartari 259 Salts the antiquity and kinds 206 what uses it serveth to and the necessitie ofit 207 208 209 210 211 c. Salvia 81 Salvatory with appurtenances 16 Sapo 259 Sarsaperilla 66 Saffron 66 Of Copper 252 Of Iron 252 Sassafras 67 Sassafras water 39 Sagapaenum 72 Sanguis Draconis 74 Saw for Amputating 5 158 Saw for the head 5 Scammonium 64 Scorbutum or Scurvie what it is the nature and names of it the causes 161. signes of it 162 163. the cure by Lotions 169. by baths oyles and Vnguent 170 171 172 the cure for the ulcers of the Scurvie ibid. Searces 24 Section 274 Segregation 274 Semen Anethi 69 Anisi 68 Carui 68 Cardui 68 Faeniculi 68 Faenugraeci 68 Lini 68 Papaveris 69 Petroselini 69 Plautaginis 69 Quatuor frigida majora frigica minora 69 Serginge Large Small 12 13. Separation 274 Sheeres for Incision 8 Siccation 274 Sigillum Hermetis 259 Sikes 11 Silke for the stitching needles 18 Silver vide Luna Sizers 17 Skillet 24 Sol or Gold 239 Solution 259 274 Sope. 259 Sorrell 171 Spatulae's Great Small 9 17 Spatula Mundani 9 Speculum Ani. 6 Linguae 6 Oris 5 Speculum Oris with a screw 6 Sperma Ceti 74 Sphacelus what it is the way of Amputating of the Sphacelated part 387. Amputation made better by experience 388 Spiritus Terebinthinae 46 Vini 45 259 Vitrioli 212 Splints 24 Spleene and the diseases of it cured 28 Spodium 75 Spunges 24 Stercus Caninum vide Album Graecum Stibium 75 Stiching 18 Stone in the bladder to search it by Cathetor and searching candle 15 Storks bills 7 Strainers 24 Stratification 274 Statum super stratum 259 Styrax Calamita Liquid 72 Stephens water and its vertues 38 Subduction 274 Sublimare 258 Sublimation 274 Subtiliation 274 Succinum 73 Album 259 Citinum 259 Succus Absinthii Aâ—aciae Glicerhizae Limonum 61 Sulphur in generall what it is and its vertues 76 221 222 223 224. Sulphur Commun Philosophorum 258 Sumach 75 Syncope what it is with the cure 88 Syrupus Absinthii 53 Cinamoni 53 Limonum 53 Papaveris 53 Prunellorum 55 Raphani silvestris 54 Rosarum simplex solutivuÌ„ 54 Violarum 54 T TAlcum 260 Tamarinds 165 Tapes 24 Tartar 260 Teeth how to be drawn out 10 Tenasmus what it is cure 9 201 202 Terebellum 7 Terra 260 Theriaca Andromach 59 360 Diatessaron 53 146 Londinensis 57 Thread and needles 24 Thimum 81 Tigillum 260 Tinderbox 24 Tin or Jupiter 248 Torrefactio 274 Tow. 12 24 Transmutatio 274 Transudatio 274 Trafine a new invented instrument which worketh farre better and more safe then the Trapan 313 to 318 Tragacanth 73 Trapan with the use 3 Trochisoi de Absinthio 63 Alkandal 63 Minio 63 Spodio 64 Tumors not to be incised 1 Tumor defined in its kind 87 Tumores 260 Turbith 260 Turpethum Cathapsaris 65 Tutia 77 260 V. VEines must be opened 19 20 Vein how to be opened 20 Venus or Copper 239 Veriuice 43 Vitriolum 76 212 Vitriolum album 215 Vitriolum ustum 215 Vitriol mel 216 Vitrioll called Colkother vide Colkother Vitrification 274 Vitrum 260 Vlcers cured 147 148 c. Vlcus 260 Vnguentum Album Camphoratum 32 Aegyptiacum 31 Apostolorum 31 Aragon 36 Aureum 31 Basilicon 31 Dialthaea composit simplex 34 Diapompholigos 32 contra Ignem 33 Martiatum 36 de Mercurio 34 Nutritum 32 Pectorale 32 Populeon 33 Potabile 34 Rosatum 32 contra Scorbutum 34 Saponis Mel. 33 Triapharmacon 32 Vrina 260 Vstion 274 Vvapassa 70 Vvula spoone 21 W. VVAters for a Surgeons Chest vide Aqua Waters vocat Hot Waters in what quantitie to be taken when good sometimes put in Glisters 41 Wax lights 15 Weights and scales 24 310 Wormewood water 40 Wormew od salt 216 Wormes a cause of Disenteria 183 Wine vinegar 44 White Paper 24 Wounds in generall with cures 85 Wounds in the Arteries 86. Nerves and ligaments 86. Head Face Nose Eares eyes hands in Thorax c. 88 Wounds by Gunshot 93 94 Z ZInziber 71 FINIS
all the Sanative Medicines in the Chest according to their several intentions and times sute fitly to finish the cures But say some others the proportions is very much wanting of restrictive or astringent Medicines to stay Fluxes or to amputate upon occasion wherefore to satisfie the young benevolent Surgeon desirous to be informed I answer first that there is Pulvis restringens Mâ—gis a Astringent â—estringent or restrictive Medicine sufficient proportion also Bole Wine Venegar Mirrh Allum Crude Vitriol Vitriol combust Mercury Precipitate sublimate Bean and Barley Meal Gaules Pomgranate Rinds and whites of Egges Besides good Ligature and boulsters ready all which with Iudgement and discretion used I dare say are sufficient and for one instance namely that three pound of the strong restrictive powder is sufficient in quantity for a reasonable Sea-Chest Vpon the 24 of Iuly 1628 I tooke off two members being both legs whereof one above the knee with one ounce and a half of the powder to both and had a fourth part to spare of the made medicine There is also an astringent defensative powder prepared and made ready for use as hereafter followeth And if all what is said with also the help of Phlebotomy ligature actual and potential cauteries will not suffice then I am I confesse mistaken Common practice Note in burnings with Gun-powder that if the face or hand be burned I have found it best from the first to the last namely to the end of the cure to use Vng. Album either mixed with Populeon or with A note in the cure of burnings in the face Linseed Oyle or Vng. Diapomphol is fully as good made into a very thin linament and warme laid on the face with a feather and no clouts at all nor ought else to cover the face this healeth excoriation s or scorchings best or that the Surgeon take Ceruse grown'd in a mortar with linseed oyle and apply it as the former I have approved it to be very good Tripharmac is also very good so used I speak but now of honey for burnings and who shall prove it shall find it safe to take out the fire and after to heale the grief but is somwhat more paineful then some other medicines are it is onely once a day to be applied upon brown paper the paper being first rubbed soft and the Medicine spread thereon and in that manner applyed it healeth without any scarre very quickly Also Mel Saponis and all other medicines appropriate may be applyed upon paper at Sea partly for sparing Linnen Of the knowledg of weights and measures Moreover I find a great weaknesse in younger Surgeons that I have just occasion to question in that their Masters that bred them have not taught them thetrue knowledge of our usual weights and measures but chiefly they fail in their weights which doth bring great danger to their poor patients whose lives hang dangerously in the balance by a grain too much given where the Surgeon knoweth not how many graines are in a scruple or in a dram no nor scarce that there is a weight so called wherefore young Surgeons note as followeth The Physitians Surgeons and Apothecaries have two sorts of weights in use namely Troy-weights which likewise are the Gold-smiths weights and that containeth twelve ounces to the pound and Haber-de pois weights which containeth 16 ounces to the pound and is that common weight which the Grocers and all other trades-men use and indeed which we most use for though my selfe sometimes buy Musks Civet or Amber-greece and other forts of Drugs by Troy-weight yet I dispence and administer all by Haber-de pois which is 16 ounces to the pound so much I will onely for brevity sake speak thereof A pound of Haber-de pois weight hath 16 ounces an ounce hath 8 Drams a Dram hath three scruples a scruple hath twenty graines and by that accompt a dram hath two graines and a full grain of Barley is a reasonable Grain and a pepper Corn or wheat Corn may be used And our measures agreeing with our weights most usual are as followeth a wine Gallon of water containeth 8 pound a pottle 4 pound a quart 2 pound a pint 1 pound and of ordinary sallet oyles 7 pound and a half is accounted a Gallon Of Cataplasmes OF all other necessaries in the Surgeons Chest I confesse my deficiencie there in for I ought to have had dryed hearbes of all sorts fitting some store but I pray you accept of my excuse For at the Edition of this Ex tempâ—re I had Surgeons Chests and parts of Chests 60 at once to prepare and had but ten dayes respit admitted me to make and to fit them all and yet notwithstanding the said Chests contained herbs of divers sorts as also Bean and Barly-meal Linseed Fenugreeke Camomile flowers Cuminseed Fennel seed and divers other things that are helps that way But what shall I say To some foolish contentious vain-glorious persons my best things fall too short for them but to benevolent understanding Artists they can make and find many wayes and helps of fitting things in a Ship and not alwayes charge the Surgeons Chest Viz. If my selfe were at Sea and put to it I would find wast crums of Bisket and I would boyle them in Ship-Beer and with some fat of the Beefe Kettles or of the Porke Kettle I would make up a suppurative Cataplasme and if it had not a fit consistence or body I would deale with the steward for a little Meale or take some of my owne stores and according to my store enrich that with other helps from the Chest And if I need a discutient Cataplasme and the Chest had not to help me to my will being put to it I would as I said make my ground of the Medicine to be of crums of Bisket or of soft bread decocted in Beer adding when it had well sod Vineger and honey a fit quantity these things with other rationall additions according to several occasions doe much comfort the weak patient and also grace the Artist Nam frustra fit per plura quod fieri potest per pauciora And to put young Surgeons in mind what other Suppurative Medicines are in the Surgeons Chest there are either Unguents Oyles or Emplastick Medicaments divers which my time will not admit me to informe you of though I confesse I should advise young men in their necessities But to be short they shall find Vnguent Basilicon spread thick and applyed to an Apostume doth well help to suppurate and the better if the griefe were first embrocated with some Oleum Liliâ—rum Lini or the like and you shall find that Arceus Linament is right good to suppurate a tumor and likewise Empl. Meliloti and who knoweth not that Ship-pitch and a little fat mixed ripeneth a tumor duly applyed or Pix Graeca with fat or turpentine and divers other the like good things may be found where the discreet Surgeon is put to his shifts But no