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as_o be_v pleasant_a that_o we_o shall_v therefore_o think_v the_o workman_n worth_a our_o imitation_n we_o have_v as_o yet_o consider_v the_o art_n of_o paint_v in_o her_o first_o beginning_n or_o rather_o in_o her_o swaddle_a clout_n and_o cradle_n it_o follow_v now_o that_o we_o shall_v consider_v in_o the_o next_o book_n the_o progress_n of_o this_o same_o art_n and_o what_o have_v set_v she_o on_o foot_n ⸪_o the_o second_o book_n the_o argument_n the_o natural_a proneness_n which_o be_v in_o we_o of_o imitate_v all_o manner_n of_o thing_n create_v as_o it_o have_v ever_o be_v further_v and_o advance_v by_o the_o ready_a help_n of_o our_o fantasy_n so_o be_v there_o many_o other_o cause_n which_o have_v strange_o cherish_v up_o this_o most_o forward_a inclination_n of_o our_o all-attempting_a nature_n but_o among_o such_o a_o great_a number_n of_o several_a cause_n as_o be_v know_v to_o have_v promote_v these_o art_n of_o imitation_n we_o must_v needs_o prefer_v god_n the_o only_a 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as_o well_o for_o that_o same_o paint_n which_o the_o several_a season_n of_o the_o year_n do_v paint_v the_o mead_n withal_o as_o for_o those_o thing_n that_o do_v appear_v in_o the_o sky_n will_v not_o you_o think_v the_o sophist_n to_o be_v quick-witted_a and_o wonderful_a eloquent_a man_n see_v they_o clear_v such_o a_o great_a point_n in_o a_o few_o word_n the_o meadow_n forsooth_o garnish_v with_o flower_n and_o the_o heaven_n distinguish_v with_o several_a figure_n make_v up_o of_o star_n and_o cloud_n be_v a_o sufficient_a proof_n of_o what_o they_o say_v though_o it_o be_v very_o certain_a that_o the_o most_o pleasant_a tapestry_n of_o the_o field_n do_v not_o so_o much_o help_v the_o art_n as_o they_o do_v delight_v the_o spectator_n that_o the_o wit_n of_o man_n have_v set_v forth_o the_o constellation_n after_o the_o image_n of_o live_v and_o lifeless_a thing_n that_o the_o uncertain_a shape_n of_o cloud_n most_o common_o be_v liken_v unto_o any_o thing_n our_o wander_a 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most_o famous_a carver_n to_o make_v secret_o a_o accurate_a image_n of_o diana_n when_o it_o be_v finish_v he_o prepare_v a_o royal_a banquet_n for_o the_o artificer_n the_o banqueting-house_n be_v first_o undermine_v wherefore_o none_o of_o they_o can_v escape_v but_o all_o be_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o that_o fatal_a feast_n swallow_v up_o by_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o place_n and_o so_o the_o true_a author_n of_o the_o noble_a workmanship_a be_v take_v away_o it_o be_v easy_a enough_o for_o the_o king_n to_o make_v any_o one_o believe_v that_o such_o a_o complete_a work_n be_v send_v down_o from_o heaven_n see_v suidas_n or_o rather_o isidorus_n pelusiota_n 207._o pelusiota_n lib._n iu._n epist_n 207._o for_o suidas_n have_v borrow_v this_o story_n from_o he_o §_o 2._o see_v then_o that_o both_o the_o sophistical_a and_o historical_a proof_n come_v to_o nothing_o it_o may_v seem_v best_o that_o we_o shall_v return_v to_o the_o first_o man_n the_o which_o as_o censorinus_n speak_v 4._o speak_v de_fw-fr die_fw-la natali_fw-la cap._n 4._o be_v create_v out_o of_o prometheus_n his_o soft_a clay_n for_o so_o do_v democritus_n abderita_n first_o of_o all_o hold_n that_o man_n be_v make_v out_o of_o water_n and_o slime_n this_o be_v questionless_a our_o safe_a way_n see_v no_o wise_a man_n do_v acknowledge_v any_o other_o prometheus_n beside_o that_o power_n of_o divine_a providence_n express_v by_o moses_n in_o the_o history_n of_o the_o creation_n see_v genes_n two_o 7._o compare_v with_o lactantius_n divin_fw-fr instit_fw-la lib._n two_o cap._n 11._o see_v also_o tertullian_n de_fw-fr resurr_n carnis_fw-la fulgentius_n lib._n ii_o mythol_n basilius_n seleuciae_fw-la episcopus_fw-la orat_fw-la ii_o gregorius_n nyssenus_n de_fw-fr hominis_fw-la opificio_fw-la cap._n 22._o whence_o it_o be_v that_o the_o same_o gregorius_n in_o another_o place_n beatitudinibus_fw-la place_n orat._n i._o de_fw-la beatitudinibus_fw-la call_v man_n a_o earthen_a statue_n and_o suidas_n speak_v of_o adam_n say_v this_o same_o be_v the_o first_o statue_n the_o image_n name_v by_o god_n after_o the_o which_o all_o the_o art_n of_o carve_v use_v by_o man_n receive_v her_o direction_n so_o be_v then_o adam_n the_o first_o statue_n make_v by_o god_n as_o lot_n wife_n be_v the_o second_o see_v genes_n nineteeen_o 26._o remember_v lot_n wife_n say_v our_o saviour_n luke_n xvii_o 32._o lest_o therefore_o we_o shall_v quick_o forget_v she_o she_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v turn_v into_o a_o durable_a material_a for_o pliny_n 31._o pliny_n nat._n hist_o lib._n xxxi_o cap._n 7._o vide_fw-la quoque_fw-la solinum_n cap._n 31._o do_v mention_v some_o kind_n of_o salt_n which_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o stone_n quarrey_n withstand_v iron_n although_o the_o miraculous_a preservation_n of_o that_o statue_n do_v not_o seem_v to_o require_v that_o we_o shall_v conceive_v any_o such_o durableness_n of_o i_o know_v not_o what_o material_a
after_o this_o manner_n have_v lay_v a_o statue_n make_v after_o the_o likeness_n of_o a_o dead_a man_n in_o the_o darkness_n of_o a_o obscure_a corner_n he_o bring_v in_o his_o friend_n one_o by_o one_o show_v they_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o horror_n and_o fear_v the_o man_n who_o he_o pretend_v to_o have_v be_v murder_v by_o himself_o crave_v also_o silence_n and_o help_v but_o when_o every_o one_o draw_v back_o fear_v to_o meddle_v with_o so_o dangerous_a a_o matter_n callias_n alone_o ready_o and_o faithful_o undertake_v the_o society_n of_o the_o danger_n his_o friend_n will_v put_v he_o to_o and_o hence_o be_v it_o that_o alcibiades_n afterward_o make_v most_o use_v of_o callias_n as_o of_o a_o most_o trusty_a inward_a friend_n see_v polyaenus_n lib._n i._o stratagem_n there_o be_v good_a cause_n also_o why_o among_o the_o manifold_a use_n of_o statue_n the_o wooden_a horse_n vegetius_n speak_v of_o shall_v be_v mention_v here_o not_o the_o freshwater_n soldier_n only_o say_v he_o 18._o he_o lib._n i._n de_fw-fr re_fw-mi militari_fw-la cap._n 18._o but_o the_o stipendiarie_n also_o be_v strict_o enjoin_v to_o practice_v the_o vault_a art_n which_o custom_n although_o now_o with_o some_o dissimulation_n be_v come_v down_o to_o this_o present_a age_n wooden_a horse_n be_v put_v under_o the_o roof_n when_o it_o be_v winter_n in_o the_o open_a field_n when_o it_o be_v summer_n and_o young_a man_n be_v compel_v to_o get_v upon_o they_o first_o unarm_v till_o they_o be_v use_v to_o it_o and_o afterward_o in_o their_o full_a armour_n yea_o they_o go_v about_o it_o so_o careful_o that_o they_o do_v get_v up_o and_o down_o indifferent_o at_o the_o right_n or_o left_a side_n hold_v also_o draw_v sword_n or_o long_a spear_n in_o their_o hand_n no_o wonder_n then_o that_o they_o shall_v do_v it_o in_o the_o tumult_n of_o a_o battle_n so_o ready_o who_o do_v practice_v it_o in_o the_o quietness_n of_o peace_n so_o studious_o the_o persian_n do_v not_o only_o use_v their_o horse_n to_o the_o tingle_a sound_n of_o glatter_a armour_n and_o to_o the_o hoarse_a hum_a noise_n of_o a_o arm_a multitude_n but_o they_o throw_v also_o at_o the_o foot_n of_o their_o gallop_v horse_n the_o image_n of_o dead_a man_n stuff_v with_o chaff_n lest_o they_o shall_v lose_v the_o use_n of_o their_o horse_n if_o in_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o fight_n they_o shall_v start_v aside_o affright_v at_o those_o that_o lie_v slay_v upon_o the_o ground_n see_v aelianus_n de_fw-fr animalib_n lib._n xvi_o cap._n 25._o the_o macedonian_a king_n perseus_n prepare_v himself_o against_o the_o roman_n be_v inform_v that_o both_o libya_n and_o their_o late_a victory_n over_o antiochus_n have_v furnish_v they_o with_o elephant_n lest_o therefore_o such_o a_o huge_a beast_n shall_v fright_v the_o horse_n at_o the_o first_o sight_n he_o give_v order_n that_o some_o cunning_a workman_n shall_v make_v wooden_a image_n resemble_v elephant_n in_o shape_n and_o colour_n that_o likewise_o a_o man_n shall_v get_v upon_o this_o wooden_a frame_n and_o sound_v the_o trumpet_n through_o his_o snout_n in_o imitation_n of_o their_o loud_a and_o dreadful_a bray_n the_o horse_n therefore_o have_v often_o see_v the_o sight_n and_o hear_v the_o noise_n be_v teach_v by_o this_o mean_n to_o contemn_v the_o elephant_n polyaenus_n lib._n iu._n stratag_n but_o among_o so_o many_o several_a use_n of_o statue_n the_o inaugurated_a statue_n may_v not_o be_v forget_v which_o be_v set_v up_o by_o skilful_a enchanter_n in_o some_o unaccessible_a chancel_n of_o the_o temple_n or_o else_o secret_o dig_v in_o the_o ground_n be_v think_v to_o appease_v the_o wrath_n of_o the_o god_n and_o to_o protect_v the_o country_n from_o hostile_a invasion_n see_v photius_n in_o excerptis_fw-la ex_fw-la hist_o olympiodori_n such_o a_o one_o seem_v that_o same_o talus_fw-la to_o have_v be_v mention_v by_o apollonius_n rhodius_n 1638._o rhodius_n lib._n iu._n argonant_n â—_o 1638._o and_o many_o other_o author_n asius_n the_o philosopher_n also_o make_v a_o image_n of_o pallas_n by_o a_o certain_a observation_n of_o astronomical_a influence_n tie_v the_o destiny_n of_o troy_n to_o the_o preservation_n or_o loss_n of_o that_o palladium_n see_v tzetzes_n in_o lycophronis_n cassandram_n but_o of_o this_o god_n willing_a shall_v we_o speak_v more_o at_o large_a in_o our_o catalogue_n of_o artificer_n if_o any_o one_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n desire_v to_o know_v something_o more_o concern_v the_o inaugurated_a statue_n which_o now_o adays_o by_o they_o that_o be_v curious_a of_o such_o thing_n be_v call_v talisman_n let_v he_o read_v the_o six_o chapter_n of_o gafarellus_n his_o curiosity_n unheard_a §_o 5._o what_o a_o endless_a labour_n it_o will_v be_v to_o reckon_v up_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o statue_n and_o image_n make_v both_o for_o use_v and_o ornament_n not_o to_o allege_v many_o author_n may_v be_v know_v out_o of_o cassiodorus_n alone_o the_o tuscans_n be_v say_v to_o have_v first_o find_v out_o statue_n in_o italy_n say_v he_o 15._o he_o variarum_fw-la lib._n vii_o 15._o and_o posterity_n have_v embrace_v this_o invention_n of_o they_o have_v very_o near_o fill_v up_o the_o city_n with_o a_o number_n of_o people_n equal_a unto_o they_o that_o be_v beget_v by_o nature_n as_o therefore_o it_o may_v seem_v a_o most_o temerarie_a unadvisednesse_n if_o i_o shall_v undertake_v to_o mention_v all_o that_o ancient_a author_n relate_v of_o the_o work_n of_o statuary_n and_o picture_n so_o be_v it_o more_o agreeable_a with_o our_o mean_a wit_n and_o otherwise_o employ_v industry_n to_o promise_v but_o a_o little_a more_o than_o we_o have_v say_v already_o not_o mention_v the_o majestical_a ornament_n of_o church_n of_o market_n place_n and_o public_a gallery_n see_v it_o be_v better_a to_o say_v nothing_o at_o all_o of_o they_o than_o to_o lessen_v their_o deserve_a admiration_n by_o a_o dry_a and_o homely_a expression_n insist_v therefore_o only_o upon_o some_o other_o example_n of_o the_o usefulness_n of_o these_o art_n it_o may_v not_o seem_v amiss_o to_o think_v that_o many_o of_o the_o ancient_n perchance_o have_v study_v to_o fill_v public_a and_o private_a place_n with_o all_o kind_n of_o rare_a picture_n and_o statue_n for_o the_o same_o reason_n for_o which_o the_o lacedaemonian_n otherwise_o a_o blunt_a and_o coarse_a people_n make_v much_o of_o they_o for_o be_v a_o warlike_a nation_n and_o know_v well-shaped_a proper_a body_n to_o be_v most_o fit_a for_o war_n they_o be_v also_o most_o desirous_a to_o beget_v handsome_a child_n represent_v unto_o their_o great_a belly_a wife_n the_o image_n of_o apollo_n and_o bacchus_n the_o fair_a among_o the_o god_n as_o also_o the_o picture_n of_o castor_n and_o pollux_n nireus_n narcissus_n hiacynthus_n young_a man_n of_o perfect_a beauty_n appianus_n in_o his_o first_o book_n of_o hunt_v describe_v this_o custom_n of_o they_o add_v withal_o that_o such_o as_o breed_v horse-colt_n and_o pigeon_n do_v most_o common_o use_v some_o such_o like_a mean_n to_o have_v their_o horse-colt_n and_o pigeon_n speckle_v and_o paint_v after_o their_o own_o fantasy_n the_o practice_n of_o the_o patriarch_n jacob_n agree_v very_o well_o with_o this_o see_v genes_n thirty_o and_o b._n hieronymus_n his_o question_n upon_o genesis_n the_o shape_n of_o body_n bring_v forth_o say_v pliny_n 12._o pliny_n lib._n vii_o nat._n hist_o cap._n 12._o be_v repute_v to_o be_v suitable_a to_o the_o mind_n of_o the_o parent_n in_o which_o many_o casual_a thing_n bear_v a_o great_a sway_n thing_n see_v hear_v remember_v fantasy_n also_o run_v in_o the_o mind_n at_o the_o very_a instant_n of_o conception_n a_o thought_n likewise_o run_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o either_o of_o both_o the_o parent_n be_v conceive_v either_o to_o give_v the_o whole_a shape_n to_o the_o child_n or_o else_o to_o mix_v it_o whence_o it_o be_v that_o more_o difference_n be_v in_o man_n than_o in_o any_o other_o creature_n whatsoever_o see_v the_o nimbleness_n of_o his_o thought_n the_o swiftness_n of_o his_o mind_n and_o the_o variety_n of_o his_o wit_n do_v imprint_n in_o he_o image_n of_o many_o and_o several_a fashion_n whereas_o all_o other_o creature_n have_v unmoveable_a mind_n and_o in_o their_o own_o kind_n alike_o heliodorus_n ground_v the_o whole_a argument_n of_o his_o aethiopicall_a history_n upon_o such_o a_o accident_n as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o his_o four_o and_o ten_o book_n saint_n austen_n 62._o austen_n retractat_fw-la lib._n ii_o cap._n 62._o likewise_o relate_v out_o of_o soranus_n that_o a_o certain_a deform_a king_n of_o cyprus_n be_v wont_a to_o set_v before_o his_o wife_n when_o he_o mean_v to_o know_v she_o a_o most_o fair_a picture_n hope_v to_o effect_v by_o this_o mean_n that_o she_o shall_v bring_v he_o forth_o fair_a child_n galen_n also_o in_o his_o treatise_n de_fw-fr
out_o of_o the_o three_o title_n it_o show_v the_o first_o be_v that_o it_o be_v l._n lucullus_n the_o general_a his_o booty_n take_v from_o the_o enemy_n the_o second_o be_v that_o lucullus_n his_o son_n a_o pupil_n do_v dedicate_v it_o by_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o senate_n the_o three_o be_v that_o t._n septimius_n sabinus_n when_o he_o be_v aedilis_fw-la curulis_fw-la restore_v it_o to_o the_o public_a out_o of_o a_o private_a possession_n plin._n xxxiv_o 8._o m._n agrippa_n though_o he_o be_v a_o man_n that_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v more_o give_v to_o rusticity_n then_o to_o such_o kind_n of_o delicacy_n yet_o do_v he_o buy_v from_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o cyzicus_n two_o picture_n of_o ajax_n and_o venus_n for_o twelve_o thousand_o sesterce_n plin._n xxxv_o 4._o tiberius_n the_o emperor_n be_v take_v very_o much_o with_o parrhasius_n his_o archigallus_n and_o keep_v this_o picture_n value_v lx_o sesterce_n in_o his_o bedchamber_n plin._n xxxv_o 10._o it_o be_v report_v that_o hundred_o talent_n of_o the_o tribute_n enjoin_v be_v abate_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o coos_n to_o make_v they_o willing_a to_o part_v with_o the_o picture_n of_o venus_n anadyomene_n strabo_n lib._n fourteen_o geogr._n nicomedes_n the_o king_n will_v have_v buy_v praxiteles_n his_o venus_n of_o the_o gnidian_o offer_v for_o it_o to_o pay_v all_o their_o debt_n which_o do_v amount_v to_o a_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n but_o they_o choose_v rather_o to_o endure_v any_o extremity_n then_o to_o part_v with_o such_o a_o rare_a piece_n of_o work_n neither_o be_v it_o without_o cause_n that_o the_o gnidian_o do_v show_v themselves_o so_o resolute_a see_v praxiteles_n make_v gnidus_n renown_v by_o this_o piece_n of_o work_n pliny_n xxxvi_o 5._o lysippus_n make_v the_o statue_n of_o one_o rub_v of_o himself_o which_o marcus_n agrippa_n dedicate_v and_o set_v up_o before_o the_o entrance_n into_o his_o bath_n tiberius_n the_o emperor_n be_v so_o much_o take_v with_o this_o statue_n that_o although_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o have_v his_o affection_n in_o his_o power_n he_o can_v not_o long_o command_v himself_o in_o this_o but_o take_v it_o away_o and_o set_v it_o up_o in_o his_o bedchamber_n place_v another_o in_o the_o room_n of_o it_o which_o the_o people_n of_o rome_n take_v so_o heinous_o that_o in_o the_o public_a theater_n with_o one_o voice_n they_o often_o and_o with_o much_o importunity_n require_v it_o may_v be_v restore_v never_o cease_v till_o the_o emperor_n though_o much_o against_o his_o will_n cause_v it_o to_o be_v set_v up_o in_o the_o former_a plate_n again_o pliny_n xxxiv_o 8._o our_o age_n see_v in_o the_o chancel_n of_o june_n in_o the_o capitol_n a_o dog_n of_o brass_n lick_v the_o hinder_a part_n of_o swine_n the_o singular_a miracle_n and_o near_a resemblance_n unto_o truth_n of_o which_o statue_n be_v not_o only_o understand_v in_o that_o it_o be_v dedicate_v there_o but_o by_o a_o new_a kind_n of_o suretyship_n take_v for_o it_o also_o for_o it_o be_v value_v at_o so_o high_a a_o rate_n that_o no_o sum_n of_o money_n be_v think_v sufficient_o answerable_a for_o the_o loss_n of_o it_o it_o be_v resolve_v by_o public_a advice_n that_o those_o which_o undertake_v the_o custody_n of_o it_o shall_v bind_v their_o own_o body_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o their_o undertake_n plin._n xxxiv_o 7._o it_o be_v much_o question_v who_o be_v the_o maker_n of_o olympus_n pan_n chiron_n and_o achilles_n which_o be_v set_v up_o in_o a_o place_n know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o septa_fw-la much_o the_o more_o because_o fame_n have_v deliver_v they_o worthy_a to_o be_v answer_v with_o the_o life_n of_o they_o that_o undertake_v their_o keep_n pliny_n xxxvi_o 5._o the_o example_n of_o clesis_n make_v famous_a by_o the_o injury_n do_v to_o queen_n stratonice_n be_v very_o remarkable_a for_o much_o disdain_v the_o slender_a entertainment_n he_o receive_v from_o she_o he_o paint_v she_o in_o the_o wanton_a embracement_n of_o a_o fisherman_n the_o queen_n be_v say_v to_o be_v in_o love_n withal_o and_o leave_v this_o picture_n expose_v to_o the_o public_a view_n in_o the_o haven_n of_o ephesus_n he_o take_v ship_v and_o escape_v away_o the_o queen_n for_o the_o excellency_n of_o the_o art_n and_o rare_a expression_n of_o the_o person_n will_v not_o suffer_v the_o picture_n to_o be_v remove_v so_o bestow_v upon_o the_o art_n though_o in_o a_o subject_n most_o contumelious_a and_o spiteful_a the_o honour_n she_o have_v deny_v to_o the_o artificer_n pliny_n xxxv_o 11._o §_o 4._o it_o appear_v by_o all_o these_o example_n what_o care_v great_a king_n and_o mighty_a commonwealth_n take_v to_o cherish_v the_o brave_a spirit_n of_o excellent_a artificer_n and_o there_o be_v good_a cause_n for_o it_o seeing_z it_z most_o of_o all_o concern_v those_o that_o be_v virtuous_a for_o the_o uphold_v of_o art_n invent_v to_o make_v some_o difference_n between_o deserve_v and_o undeserving_a man_n whosoever_o perform_v deed_n worthy_a of_o verse_n say_v stiliconis_n say_v in_o praefat_fw-la libri_fw-la tertii_fw-la de_fw-la laudib_fw-la stiliconis_n claudian_n be_v also_o a_o lover_n of_o verse_n even_o so_o must_v they_o needs_o love_v statue_n who_o know_v themselves_o worthy_a of_o that_o honour_n the_o artificer_n themselves_o do_v likewise_o reap_v great_a profit_n out_o of_o this_o respect_n the_o flower_n of_o the_o world_n give_v they_o neither_o be_v it_o possible_a they_o shall_v think_v mean_o of_o themselves_o see_v they_o can_v not_o but_o judge_v their_o art_n worth_a so_o much_o as_o they_o see_v they_o value_v at_o by_o the_o matchless_a moderator_n of_o earthly_a thing_n have_v therefore_o once_o drink_v in_o this_o persuasion_n they_o be_v instant_o possess_v with_o the_o love_n of_o a_o strange_a magnanimity_n nicias_n refuse_v to_o sell_v his_o picture_n call_v necyia_n to_o king_n attalus_n who_o offer_v for_o it_o lx_o talent_n but_o be_v himself_o very_o rich_a choose_v rather_o to_o bestow_v it_o as_o a_o present_a upon_o his_o country_n pliny_n xxxv_o 11._o zeuxis_n first_o begin_v to_o make_v present_n of_o his_o work_n say_v that_o no_o price_n can_v be_v answerable_a to_o their_o worth_n so_o he_o bestow_v alomena_n upon_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o agrigentum_n pan_n upon_o archelaus_n pliny_n xxxv_o 9_o polygnotus_n paint_v at_o athens_n the_o porch_n call_v poecile_n free_o whereas_o mycon_n do_v paint_v a_o part_n of_o it_o for_o a_o reward_n no_o wonder_n then_o that_o polygnotus_n be_v of_o more_o esteem_n and_o authority_n and_o the_o amphictyones_n a_o public_a council_n of_o greece_n bestow_v upon_o he_o lodging_n rent-free_a pliny_n xxxv_o 9_o it_o be_v then_o discreet_o do_v of_o these_o artificer_n that_o they_o will_v not_o lessen_v the_o authority_n of_o their_o art_n see_v many_o thing_n lose_v their_o worth_n for_o nothing_o so_o much_o say_v quintilian_n 7._o quintilian_n lib._n xii_o cap._n 7._o as_o that_o they_o may_v be_v prise_v at_o a_o certain_a rate_n §_o 5._o by_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o honour_n give_v to_o these_o art_n the_o artificer_n themselves_o be_v admonish_v to_o use_v they_o with_o more_o respect_n and_o be_v ashamed_a to_o confine_v art_n of_o so_o large_a extent_n within_o a_o narrow_a compass_n they_o will_v not_o employ_v they_o in_o adorn_v the_o wall_n of_o private_a house_n for_o the_o delight_n of_o particular_a landlord_n only_o nor_o of_o such_o place_n as_o can_v not_o be_v defend_v from_o the_o danger_n of_o casual_a fire_n protogenes_n be_v content_v with_o a_o little_a cottage_n in_o his_o garden_n in_o the_o plaistering_n of_o apelles_n his_o house_n there_o be_v never_o any_o picture_n to_o be_v see_v no_o body_n as_o yet_o take_v a_o pleasure_n in_o paint_v whole_a wall_n over_o all_o their_o art_n be_v for_o city_n and_o the_o painter_n be_v a_o public_a thing_n for_o the_o benefit_n of_o all_o country_n say_v pliny_n xxxv_o 10._o there_o be_v extant_a a_o most_o magnificent_a and_o worthy_a oration_n of_o m._n agrippa_n say_v the_o same_o author_n 4._o author_n lib._n xxxv_o cap._n 4._o concern_v the_o publish_n of_o all_o picture_n and_o statue_n which_o be_v better_o it_o have_v be_v do_v then_o that_o they_o shall_v be_v banish_v and_o confine_v to_o some_o private_a country-house_n the_o old_a artificer_n therefore_o as_o they_o will_v not_o have_v their_o work_n smother_v up_o in_o some_o private_a corner_n so_o be_v they_o very_o careful_a in_o publish_v they_o and_o it_o proceed_v out_o of_o this_o same_o veneration_n of_o the_o art_n that_o the_o founder_n of_o paint_v and_o cast_v say_v pliny_n operis_fw-la pliny_n in_o praefatione_fw-la ardui_fw-la operis_fw-la inscribe_v their_o accomplish_a work_n and_o such_o as_o can_v never_o satisfy_v our_o admiration_n with_o a_o uncertain_a title_n say_v apelles_n faciebat_fw-la aut_fw-la
polycletus_n apelles_n or_o polycletus_n make_v it_o to_o make_v the_o world_n think_v that_o the_o art_n be_v but_o begin_v and_o leave_v unperfect_a that_o the_o artificer_n likewise_o by_o this_o mean_n may_v look_v for_o pardon_n even_o as_o if_o he_o shall_v have_v mend_v all_o unless_o he_o have_v be_v intercept_v by_o a_o untimely_a death_n so_o be_v it_o then_o a_o custom_n full_a of_o modesty_n and_o it_o do_v show_v in_o they_o a_o wonderful_a veneration_n of_o these_o art_n that_o they_o will_v have_v posterity_n look_v upon_o all_o their_o work_n as_o if_o they_o be_v their_o last_o work_n and_o that_o the_o fatal_a hour_n have_v take_v they_o away_o before_o they_o can_v make_v a_o full_a end_n it_o be_v report_v that_o there_o have_v be_v but_o three_o picture_n which_o be_v absolute_o inscribe_v apelles_n fecit_fw-la apelles_n have_v make_v it_o whereby_o it_o do_v appear_v that_o the_o author_n will_v have_v the_o art_n above_o all_o thing_n secure_v and_o for_o this_o reason_n be_v all_o such_o work_v subject_a to_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o envy_n that_o now_o they_o speed_v well_o with_o that_o tender_a care_n they_o have_v of_o the_o credit_n of_o these_o art_n be_v manifest_a out_o of_o the_o follow_a word_n of_o pliny_n it_o be_v a_o very_a rare_a and_o most_o memorable_a thing_n say_v he_o 11._o he_o lib._n xxxv_o cap._n 11._o that_o the_o last_o work_n of_o artificer_n and_o their_o unperfect_a picture_n have_v be_v in_o great_a admiration_n than_o the_o perfect_a as_o namely_o aristides_n his_o iris_n nicomachus_n his_o tyndaride_n timomachus_n his_o medea_n apelles_n his_o venus_n see_v there_o be_v in_o such_o kind_n of_o picture_n to_o be_v see_v the_o remain_a lineament_n and_o the_o very_a thought_n of_o the_o artificer_n so_o do_v our_o grief_n also_o commend_v the_o work_n unto_o we_o while_o we_o can_v but_o love_v and_o desire_v the_o hand_n which_o perish_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o such_o a_o work_n but_o here_o must_v we_o needs_o note_v by_o the_o way_n that_o when_o the_o ancient_a artificer_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v spur_v on_o by_o the_o hope_n of_o glory_n it_o be_v mean_v of_o the_o true_a and_o solid_a glory_n and_o not_o of_o a_o false_a and_o momentany_a shadow_n of_o the_o same_o many_o that_o mountebank-like_a only_a brag_n of_o their_o art_n mistake_v themselves_o herein_o very_o much_o for_o while_o they_o do_v by_o a_o preposterous_a ambition_n make_v haste_n to_o attain_v to_o the_o much_o desire_a glory_n and_o praise_n they_o do_v think_v themselves_o very_o well_o if_o they_o can_v but_o make_v their_o picture_n fair_a to_o the_o eye_n of_o unskilful_a spectator_n set_v forth_o as_o in_o a_o shop_n whatsoever_o may_v trim_a and_o garnish_v their_o work_n it_o be_v their_o own_o credit_n they_o seek_v and_o not_o the_o credit_n of_o the_o art_n but_o be_v on_o the_o other_o side_n do_v laugh_v they_o to_o scorn_v that_o be_v so_o contumelious_a against_o she_o say_v quintilian_n lib._n x_o cap._n 7._o and_o while_o they_o will_v fain_o bring_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o unskilful_a shall_v think_v they_o skilful_a the_o skilful_a do_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n find_v they_o to_o be_v altogether_o unskilful_a to_o please_v the_o vulgar_a sort_n of_o people_n only_o say_v plutarch_n lib._n plutarch_n de_fw-fr educ_fw-la lib._n be_v to_o displease_v the_o wise_a sort_n but_o of_o this_o care_n proceed_v out_o of_o a_o venerable_a respect_n of_o art_n shall_v we_o speak_v at_o large_a by_o and_o by_o in_o the_o eleven_o chapter_n §_o 6._o this_o generous_a love_n of_o a_o everlasting_a renown_n continue_v in_o the_o artificer_n as_o long_o as_o these_o art_n be_v have_v in_o esteem_n by_o king_n and_o nation_n but_o after_o that_o the_o love_n of_o money_n begin_v to_o thrust_v this_o veneration_n of_o art_n out_o of_o the_o heart_n of_o man_n artificer_n also_o grow_v thin_a and_o thin_a till_o none_o at_o length_n be_v leave_v this_o be_v the_o observation_n of_o arbiter_n a_o good_a while_n since_o i_o do_v ask_v say_v he_o satyrico_fw-la he_o in_o satyrico_fw-la a_o most_o skilful_a man_n concern_v the_o different_a age_n and_o time_n of_o diverse_a picture_n as_o also_o concern_v some_o other_o argument_n obscure_a unto_o i_o examine_v withal_o the_o cause_n of_o our_o present_a sloathfulnes_n by_o the_o which_o so_o many_o brave_a art_n be_v utter_o lose_v and_o how_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o art_n of_o paint_v among_o such_o a_o number_n of_o decay_a art_n have_v not_o retain_v so_o much_o as_o the_o least_o shadow_n of_o her_o ancient_a beauty_n his_o answer_n be_v that_o the_o love_n of_o money_n make_v this_o change_n for_o in_o old_a time_n when_o naked_a virtue_n be_v yet_o in_o esteem_n say_v he_o all_o kind_n of_o ingenuous_a art_n do_v flourish_v and_o the_o great_a strife_n among_o man_n be_v that_o nothing_o may_v be_v long_o hide_v what_o may_v be_v for_o the_o profit_n of_o posterity_n to_o speak_v then_o something_o of_o statuary_n poverty_n have_v undo_v lysippus_n while_o he_o do_v hang_v about_o the_o lineament_n of_o one_o statue_n and_o myron_n who_o do_v in_o a_o manner_n enclose_v the_o soul_n of_o man_n and_o wild_a beast_n in_o brass_n can_v find_v no_o heir_n but_o we_o now_o lie_v deep_o plunge_v in_o drunkenness_n and_o lechery_n dare_v not_o so_o much_o as_o try_v any_o art_n and_o take_v upon_o we_o to_o be_v accuser_n rather_o than_o follower_n of_o antiquity_n we_o teach_v and_o learn_v nothing_o else_o but_o vice_n do_v not_o wonder_v therefore_o that_o picture_n be_v lose_v see_v all_o the_o god_n and_o man_n think_v a_o lump_n of_o gold_n better_o than_o all_o that_o apelles_n and_o phydias_n a_o couple_n of_o dote_a grecian_n have_v make_v see_v also_o theocr._n idyl_n xuj_o plin._n in_o prooemio_fw-la lib._n fourteen_o diony_n longinus_n de_fw-fr sublimi_fw-la orat_fw-la §_o ultimâ_fw-la §_o 7._o when_o such_o great_a and_o eminent_a man_n therefore_o as_o shall_v have_v be_v the_o supporter_n of_o art_n grow_v slack_a esteem_v their_o chief_a felicity_n to_o consist_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n those_o art_n also_o which_o from_o their_o great_a good_n be_v call_v liberal_a become_v servile_a for_o the_o artificer_n find_v but_o small_a comfort_n in_o the_o exercise_n of_o their_o own_o art_n do_v most_o ready_o and_o hearty_o embrace_v the_o most_o offensive_a solace_n of_o luxurious_a pastime_n study_v only_o how_o to_o supply_v the_o expense_n of_o luxury_n by_o avarice_n and_o so_o quench_v the_o small_a remnant_n of_o generous_a thought_n by_o these_o two_o most_o pestilent_a and_o pernicious_a vice_n it_o can_v not_o then_o be_v otherwise_o but_o that_o both_o art_n and_o artificer_n shall_v miscarry_v and_o go_v to_o wrack_n of_o luxury_n say_v seneca_n the_o rhetorician_n controver_n rhetorician_n in_o prooem_n lib._n i._o controver_n there_o be_v nothing_o so_o deadly_a to_o the_o wit_n of_o man_n as_o luxury_n of_o avarice_n say_v epictetus_n 4._o epictetus_n arriani_n epict_n li._n four_o c._n 4._o the_o desire_n of_o riches_n make_v man_n base_a mind_v see_v horace_n in_o his_o art_n of_o poesy_n gold_n and_o silver_n be_v in_o old_a time_n mix_v with_o brass_n say_v pliny_n 4._o pliny_n li._n xxxiv_o nat._n hist_o c._n 4._o and_o yet_o be_v the_o art_n more_o costly_a than_o the_o material_a now_o on_o the_o contrary_a it_o be_v uncertain_a whether_o the_o art_n or_o the_o material_a be_v worse_o and_o which_o be_v very_o strange_a though_o the_o value_n of_o rare_a work_n be_v infinite_o increase_v yet_o be_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o art_n quite_o go_v see_v all_o be_v now_o do_v for_o gain_n what_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v do_v for_o glory_n mark_v here_o only_o by_o the_o way_n that_o these_o word_n of_o pliny_n do_v not_o disallow_v of_o all_o gain_n neither_o can_v there_o be_v any_o just_a kind_n of_o gain_n than_o out_o of_o the_o honest_a industry_n of_o a_o laborious_a art_n principal_o if_o the_o say_a art_n take_v up_o so_o much_o of_o a_o man_n time_n that_o he_o can_v think_v of_o any_o other_o way_n to_o gain_v by_o pliny_n his_o meaning_n be_v that_o the_o ancient_a artificer_n do_v first_o and_o most_o of_o all_o aim_n at_o glory_n know_v that_o they_o shall_v have_v gain_n enough_o have_v once_o obtain_v the_o credit_n of_o a_o good_a workman_n these_o two_o thing_n may_v therefore_o very_a well_o stand_v together_o that_o a_o artificer_n shall_v chief_o intend_v the_o glory_n of_o his_o name_n and_o yet_o in_o the_o second_o place_n look_v after_o some_o reasonable_a gain_n see_v a_o honest_a desire_n of_o gain_n free_a from_o the_o baseness_n of_o a_o mind_n that_o gape_v for_o nothing_o but_o money_n do_v great_o increase_v our_o endeavour_n in_o all_o
be_v needful_a that_o a_o artificer_n shall_v first_o open_v the_o door_n of_o fame_n unto_o himself_o before_o he_o may_v look_v for_o any_o preferment_n we_o do_v not_o judge_v of_o statuary_n say_v socrates_n apomnem_fw-la socrates_n apud_fw-la xenophontem_fw-la lib._n iii_o apomnem_fw-la make_v a_o conjecture_n of_o they_o by_o their_o own_o word_n but_o we_o believe_v that_o he_o shall_v make_v the_o rest_n well_o who_o former_o have_v show_v his_o skill_n in_o some_o other_o work_v of_o that_o nature_n corn._n celsus_n urge_v the_o same_o no_o body_n will_v have_v his_o picture_n draw_v say_v he_o callistum_fw-la he_o in_o epistolà _fw-fr ad_fw-la c._n julium_n callistum_fw-la but_o by_o a_o artificer_n that_o be_v approve_a of_o by_o good_a experiment_n §_o 2._o in_o those_o artificer_n that_o be_v commend_v for_o a_o equal_a force_n of_o art_n there_o do_v very_o often_o appear_v a_o unequal_a power_n of_o fortune_n as_o vitruvius_n proove_v by_o many_o instance_n though_o artificer_n say_v he_o tertii_fw-la he_o in_o praefatione_fw-la libri_fw-la tertii_fw-la make_v promise_n and_o vaunt_v of_o their_o skill_n if_o they_o have_v not_o store_n of_o money_n if_o they_o be_v not_o know_v by_o the_o ancient_a renown_n of_o their_o shop_n if_o they_o want_v popular_a favour_n and_o eloquence_n the_o industry_n of_o their_o study_n can_v gain_v they_o so_o much_o authority_n as_o to_o make_v they_o be_v believe_v to_o know_v what_o they_o profess_v to_o know_v we_o find_v this_o most_o of_o all_o in_o ancient_a statuary_n and_o painter_n see_v the_o memory_n of_o none_o of_o they_o can_v be_v durable_a but_o of_o such_o as_o be_v grace_v by_o commendation_n and_o show_v some_o outward_a mark_n of_o dignity_n this_o be_v the_o case_n of_o myron_n polycletus_n phydias_n lysippus_n and_o of_o other_o that_o gain_v a_o noble_a fame_n by_o mean_n of_o their_o art_n see_v they_o get_v this_o credit_n by_o work_v for_o king_n great_a city_n and_o noble_a citizen_n other_o on_o the_o contrary_n which_o have_v no_o less_o industry_n wit_n and_o subtlety_n get_v no_o name_n at_o all_o because_o they_o wrought_v for_o ignoble_a and_o mean_a citizen_n and_o it_o be_v rather_o want_v of_o fortune_n then_o want_v of_o skill_n that_o do_v suppress_v and_o obscure_v their_o fame_n such_o be_v hellas_n atheniensis_fw-la chiron_n corinthius_n myagrus_n phocaeus_n pharax_n ephesius_n bedas_n byzantius_n and_o many_o more_o some_o painter_n also_o want_v fortune_n as_o aristomenes_n thasius_n polycles_n atramitenus_n nicomachus_n and_o other_o in_o who_o there_o want_v neither_o industry_n study_n nor_o cunning_a but_o their_o own_o poverty_n and_o their_o bad_a fortune_n that_o make_v they_o yield_v unto_o their_o competitor_n in_o a_o partial_o censure_v concertation_n do_v hinder_v their_o dignity_n pliny_n report_v 8._o report_v lib._n xxxiv_o cap._n 8._o that_o telephanes_n phocaeus_n be_v less_o know_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o obscurity_n of_o his_o ignoble_a dwell_a place_n the_o same_o author_n do_v also_o witness_v elsewhere_o 5._o elsewhere_o lib._n xxxvi_o cap._n 5._o that_o such_o excellent_a work_n of_o scopas_n as_o may_v have_v make_v any_o other_o place_n famous_a be_v hardly_o know_v at_o rome_n see_v a_o multitude_n of_o artificial_a thing_n do_v drown_v there_o the_o glory_n of_o his_o work_n the_o fame_n of_o diverse_a artificer_n be_v somewhat_o obscure_a say_v pliny_n again_o 5._o again_o lib._n xxxvi_o cap._n 5._o and_o the_o great_a number_n of_o so_o many_o rare_a workman_n do_v very_o often_o hinder_v the_o renown_n of_o the_o most_o excellent_a work_n of_o some_o see_v one_o alone_a can_v engross_v all_o the_o glory_n and_o so_o many_o can_v be_v name_v all_o at_o once_o §_o 3._o see_v then_o that_o many_o artificer_n be_v not_o so_o much_o unlike_o one_o unto_o another_o in_o their_o art_n as_o in_o their_o fortune_n it_o may_v seem_v that_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a kind_n of_o ill-conceived_n opinion_n which_o do_v keep_v down_o some_o excellent_a artificer_n and_o that_o other_o on_o the_o contrary_n get_v credit_n and_o authority_n by_o reason_n of_o a_o love_a and_o favourable_a opinion_n the_o vulgar_a sort_n of_o man_n say_v tully_n comoedo_fw-la tully_n pro_fw-la roscio_n comoedo_fw-la do_v most_o common_o judge_v many_o thing_n according_a to_o a_o fore-conceived_n opinion_n &_o not_o according_a to_o truth_n see_v also_o aelianus_n var._n hist_o lib._n ay_o cap._n 24._o the_o work_n of_o zeuxis_n polycletus_n and_o phidias_n be_v much_o holpen_v by_o the_o fore-conceived_n opinion_n of_o the_o great_a skill_n these_o artificer_n have_v see_v maximus_n tyrius_n dissertat_fw-la thirty-nine_o the_o self-same_a passion_n of_o our_o sense_n say_v plutarch_n 1._o plutarch_n sympos_fw-la probl_n lib._n v_o quaest_n 1._o do_v not_o alike_o move_v our_o mind_n when_o it_o be_v not_o accompany_v with_o a_o opinion_n that_o the_o work_n be_v well_o and_o studious_o perform_v see_v plutarch_n himself_o in_o the_o say_a place_n where_o among_o many_o other_o thing_n belong_v to_o this_o present_a discourse_n he_o bring_v in_o a_o merry_a tale_n of_o parmeno_n his_o pig_n the_o three_o book_n the_o argument_n have_v consider_v already_o how_o phantasie_n do_v help_v and_o stir_v up_o our_o first_o desire_n of_o imitate_v all_o manner_n of_o thing_n and_o how_o many_o other_o cause_n do_v mighty_o cherish_v and_o advance_v the_o say_a eagerness_n of_o our_o forward_a nature_n it_o follow_v that_o we_o shall_v last_v of_o all_o propound_n how_o this_o same_o inclination_n right_o inflame_v and_o order_v do_v attain_v to_o the_o height_n of_o a_o perfect_a and_o accomplish_a art_n the_o ancient_n observe_v in_o picture_n these_o five_o principal_a point_n invention_n or_o historical_a argument_n proportion_n or_o symmetry_n colour_n and_o therein_o light_a and_o shadow_n as_o also_o brightness_n and_o darkness_n motion_n or_o life_n and_o therein_o action_n and_o passion_n disposition_n or_o a_o economical_a place_n and_o order_v of_o the_o whole_a work_n the_o four_o first_o be_v careful_o observe_v in_o all_o sort_n of_o picture_n whether_o they_o do_v consist_v of_o one_o figure_n or_o of_o many_o disposition_n alone_o be_v observe_v in_o picture_n that_o have_v many_o figure_n see_v a_o piece_n wherein_o there_o do_v meet_v many_o and_o several_a figure_n shall_v be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o kind_n of_o mingle-mangle_n or_o a_o darksome_a and_o dead_a confusion_n of_o disagree_a thing_n unless_o they_o receive_v light_n and_o life_n by_o a_o convenient_a and_o orderly_a disposition_n yet_o do_v not_o the_o ancient_n think_v that_o the_o perfection_n of_o art_n consist_v in_o a_o meet_a observe_v of_o these_o five_o point_n except_o the_o whole_a work_n do_v breath_n forth_o a_o certain_a kind_n of_o grace_n proceed_v out_o of_o a_o decent_a comeliness_n of_o every_o point_n by_o itself_o and_o out_o of_o a_o mutual_a accord_n of_o all_o five_o wherefore_o we_o can_v not_o but_o enter_v a_o little_a into_o the_o consideration_n of_o this_o same_o grace_n the_o rather_o because_o without_o a_o full_a understanding_n of_o this_o grace_n it_o be_v impossible_a that_o any_o man_n shall_v examine_v the_o true_a force_n and_o value_n of_o these_o most_o fertile_a art_n aright_o lib_fw-la iii_o chap._n i._n invention_n do_v just_o challenge_v the_o first_o and_o principal_a place_n see_v no_o man_n though_o he_o have_v all_o his_o colour_n at_o hand_n say_v seneca_n 71._o seneca_n epist_n 71._o can_v make_v a_o similitude_n unless_o he_o be_v resolve_v what_o to_o paint_v and_o whatsoever_o a_o artificer_n work_v must_v according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o zeno_n be_v dye_v with_o the_o dye_n of_o sense_n quintil._n iv_o 2._o the_o picture_n of_o complete_a harness_n say_v socrates_n adulatione_fw-la socrates_n apud_fw-la stobaeum_n serm._n de_fw-fr adulatione_fw-la though_o it_o be_v delightful_a yet_o be_v it_o altogether_o unprofitable_a ausonius_n speak_v to_o the_o same_o purpose_n a_o paint_a fog_n say_v he_o 17._o he_o epist_n 17._o delight_v we_o no_o long_o than_o it_o be_v see_v except_o it_o be_v such_o a_o paint_a mist_n as_o be_v describe_v by_o the_o same_o ausonius_n in_o another_o place_n 6._o place_n edyllio_n 6._o where_o the_o painter_n do_v represent_v the_o dim_a shade_n of_o hellish_a blackness_n by_o a_o paint_a mist_n and_o design_v in_o it_o how_o the_o ancient_a lady_n torment_v the_o crucify_a cupid_n in_o hell_n for_o have_v dishonour_v they_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o worthy_n a_o artificer_n therefore_o must_v propound_v unto_o himself_o what_o he_o mean_v to_o imitate_v the_o which_o in_o such_o a_o infinite_a variety_n of_o thing_n can_v be_v hard_o to_o a_o man_n that_o have_v a_o ready_a fantasy_n yea_o we_o have_v good_a cause_n to_o fear_v that_o he_o shall_v rather_o loose_v himself_o not_o know_v what_o to_o choose_v among_o so_o many_o most_o worthy_a thing_n the_o
how_o to_o apply_v they_o seasonable_o and_o how_o to_o shadow_v the_o work_n convenient_o which_o can_v be_v perform_v unless_o there_o be_v prepare_v a_o good_a board_n or_o else_o a_o fit_a linen_n clothe_v for_o his_o work_n of_o what_o wood_n the_o board_n use_v by_o the_o ancient_a painter_n be_v make_v be_v set_v down_o in_o pliny_n lib._n xuj_o nat._n hist_o cap._n 39_o about_o the_o begin_n of_o that_o chapter_n theophra_v likewise_o hist_o plant_v lib._n 3._o cap._n 10._o and_o lib._n v._o cap._n 8._o reckon_v up_o what_o sort_n of_o wood_n do_v serve_v they_o for_o that_o use_n but_o as_o they_o make_v always_o choice_a of_o the_o wood_n they_o know_v most_o proper_a for_o their_o work_n so_o do_v joannes_n grammaticus_n likewise_o teach_v we_o that_o a_o artificer_n be_v to_o make_v good_a choice_n of_o the_o cloth_n he_o mean_v to_o paint_v on_o a_o writer_n purpose_v to_o write_v well_o say_v he_o auscult_a he_o in_o aristot_n lib._n ii_o nat_n auscult_a do_v sometime_o come_v short_a of_o his_o intent_n if_o he_o meet_v with_o sink_v and_o blot_v paper_n or_o else_o with_o bad_a ink_n this_o be_v also_o a_o painter_n case_n when_o the_o colour_n or_o the_o cloth_n hepaint_v on_o be_v unfit_a for_o his_o work_n §_o 4._o after_o that_o there_o be_v good_a colour_n and_o a_o fit_a board_n or_o cloth_n prepare_v for_o the_o work_n it_o follow_v that_o a_o artificer_n as_o the_o occasion_n shall_v require_v observe_v these_o four_o thing_n light_n shadow_n obscurity_n brightness_n as_o plutarch_n join_v they_o all_o four_o very_o fit_o together_o painter_n cause_n lightsome_a and_o bright_a thing_n seem_v more_o light_a some_o and_o bright_a say_v he_o amici_n he_o de_fw-fr discrim_n adulator_n &_o amici_n when_o they_o do_v place_n shady_a and_o darksome_a thing_n near_o they_o this_o practice_n of_o they_o be_v a_o great_a help_n for_o the_o eye_n our_o eye_n delight_v most_o in_o the_o bright_a colour_n say_v maximus_n tyrius_n xxxv_o tyrius_n dissertat_fw-la xxxv_o yet_o shall_v this_o pleasure_n be_v lessen_v very_o much_o if_o you_o do_v not_o put_v some_o brown_a colour_n near_o it_o yea_o it_o do_v help_v the_o beauty_n of_o the_o picture_n the_o most_o contrary_a colour_n agree_v very_o well_o about_o the_o composition_n of_o a_o excellent_a beauty_n say_v philostratus_n centaur_n philostratus_n icon._n li._n ii_o in_o centaur_n for_o this_o reason_n also_o be_v a_o black_a picture_n make_v upon_o a_o white_a ground_n say_v joannes_n grammaticus_n arist_n grammaticus_n in_o li._n i._n meteor_n arist_n as_o a_o white_a or_o golden_a picture_n on_o the_o contrary_a be_v make_v upon_o a_o black_a ground_n it_o be_v ever_o so_o that_o contrary_a thing_n be_v more_o apparent_a be_v place_v near_o their_o contrary_n whereas_o it_o be_v hard_o to_o discern_v thing_n like_a place_v among_o thing_n of_o the_o same_o likeness_n even_o as_o if_o you_o do_v paint_v white_a upon_o a_o white_a and_o black_a upon_o a_o black_a ground_n whence_o it_o be_v that_o such_o as_o wear_v black_a clothes_n can_v so_o well_o be_v discern_v in_o the_o night_n time_n as_o other_o that_o wear_v white_a clothes_n those_o likewise_o who_o do_v wear_v white_a clothes_n in_o the_o day_n time_n but_o especial_o in_o a_o clear_a sunshine_n can_v be_v know_v so_o distinct_o §_o 5._o light_n be_v altogether_o requisite_a in_o picture_n see_v there_o can_v be_v no_o shadow_n without_o it_o tertullian_n hermog_n tertullian_n advers._fw-la hermog_n therefore_o make_v it_o a_o assure_a mark_n of_o a_o poor_a and_o blockish_a painter_n to_o colour_v the_o shadow_n altogether_o without_o any_o light_n at_o the_o first_o before_o the_o art_n be_v raise_v to_o that_o height_n we_o do_v now_o admire_v in_o the_o ancient_n there_o be_v none_o but_o single_a colour_a picture_n call_v monochromata_n till_o the_o art_n at_o length_n distinguish_v herself_o say_v pliny_n 5._o pliny_n lib._n xxxv_o cap._n 5._o find_v out_o light_a and_o shadow_n the_o difference_n of_o colour_n by_o a_o mutual_a course_n set_v forth_o each_o other_o light_a somenesse_n §_o 6._o shadow_n and_o light_n hold_v so_o close_o together_o that_o the_o one_o can_v subsist_v without_o the_o other_o light_n be_v most_o of_o all_o commend_v in_o a_o picture_n by_o the_o shadow_n say_v the_o young_a pliny_n 13._o pliny_n lib._n iii._o epist_n 13._o hence_o it_o be_v also_o that_o those_o who_o paint_v with_o single_a colour_n make_v always_o some_o thing_n rise_v and_o some_o fall_n else_o they_o can_v never_o have_v give_v unto_o every_o member_n his_o proper_a line_n say_v quintilian_n lib._n 11._o orat._n instit_fw-la cap._n 3._o artificer_n therefore_o use_v always_o to_o add_v unto_o their_o work_n some_o shadow_n and_o deepning_n that_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v enlighten_v in_o their_o picture_n may_v seem_v to_o stick_v out_o the_o more_o and_o to_o meet_v the_o eye_n of_o the_o beholder_n let_v upon_o the_o same_o superficial_a breadth_n of_o any_o flat_a board_n two_o parallel_a line_n be_v draw_v say_v diony_n longinus_n 15._o longinus_n de_fw-fr sublini_fw-la orat_fw-la §_o 15._o with_o the_o colour_n of_o shadow_n and_o light_n yet_o shall_v the_o ardent_a flagrancie_n of_o light_n soon_o of_o all_o meet_a with_o our_o eye_n and_o seem_v a_o great_a deal_n near_o nicias_n the_o athenian_a do_v most_o accurate_o observe_v light_n and_o shadow_n take_v always_o special_a care_n that_o his_o picture_n shall_v bear_v outward_o from_o the_o board_n pliny_n xxxv_o 11._o zeuxis_n polygnotus_n and_o euphranor_n study_v very_o much_o to_o have_v their_o picture_n commend_v for_o shadow_v and_o breathe_v as_o also_o for_o rise_v and_o fall_v philostr_n lib._n two_o de_fw-fr vita_fw-la apollonii_fw-la cap._n 9_o apelles_n paint_a alexander_n as_o he_o hold_v lightning_n in_o his_o hand_n his_o finger_n seem_v to_o bear_v outward_o and_o the_o lightning_n seem_v to_o stand_v off_o from_o the_o board_n pliny_n xxxv_o 10._o philostratus_n observe_v the_o same_o in_o the_o picture_n of_o a_o ivory_n venus_n the_o goddess_n will_v not_o seem_v to_o be_v paint_v say_v he_o ii_o he_o icon._n li._n ii_o she_o stick_v out_o so_o much_o as_o to_o make_v one_o think_v that_o it_o be_v a_o easy_a matter_n to_o take_v hold_n of_o she_o pausias_n be_v the_o first_o who_o find_v out_o a_o picture_n which_o many_o afterward_o imitate_v none_o can_v attain_v unto_o first_o when_o he_o will_v show_v the_o length_n of_o a_o ox_n he_o paint_v he_o stand_v full_a opposite_a against_o we_o say_v pliny_n 11._o pliny_n lib._n xxxv_o cap._n 11._o and_o not_o sidelong_v make_v his_o length_n nevertheless_o to_o be_v sufficient_o understand_v afterward_o where_o all_o other_o do_v heighten_v the_o part_n which_o be_v to_o rise_v with_o white_z temper_v the_o colour_n with_o some_o mixture_n of_o black_a he_o make_v the_o whole_a ox_n of_o a_o black_a colour_n and_o give_v the_o shadow_n a_o body_n out_o of_o itself_o show_v by_o a_o most_o wonderful_a art_n rise_n in_o smoothness_n and_o continuitie_n in_o abruptness_n as_o this_o be_v questionless_a a_o excellent_a piece_n of_o rare_a workmanship_n so_o be_v we_o for_o all_o that_o to_o observe_v here_o that_o a_o artificer_n show_v his_o great_a skill_n in_o the_o picture_n of_o fit_a figure_n those_o that_o do_v sit_v say_v philostratus_n palaest_n philostratus_n icon_n li._n ii_o in_o palaest_n have_v many_o shadow_n and_o it_o do_v bewray_v singular_a great_a wisdom_n in_o the_o painter_n that_o he_o make_v the_o maid_n sit_v the_o same_o author_n express_v this_o very_a same_o point_n more_o at_o large_a in_o another_o place_n it_o be_v easy_a to_o hit_v the_o shadow_n of_o they_o that_o lie_v down_o say_v he_o antlante_n he_o ibid._n in_o antlante_n or_o stand_v upright_o and_o it_o require_v small_a wisdom_n to_o do_v it_o accurate_o but_o the_o shadow_n of_o atlas_n go_v beyond_o all_o art_n for_o the_o shadow_n of_o he_o that_o stoop_v after_o this_o manner_n though_o they_o fall_v one_o into_o another_o yet_o do_v they_o not_o darken_v any_o of_o these_o thing_n that_o shall_v rise_v but_o cause_n some_o light_n about_o the_o hollowness_n of_o his_o belly_n §_o 7._o obscurity_n or_o darkness_n seem_v to_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o the_o duskishnes_n of_o a_o deep_a shadow_n even_o as_o brightness_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o intention_n of_o light_n for_o if_o you_o do_v put_v white_a and_o black_a upon_o the_o same_o superficial_a breadth_n say_v jo._n grammaticus_n aristot_n grammaticus_n in_o lib._n i._n meteor_n aristot_n the_o white_a shall_v always_o seem_v to_o be_v near_o and_o the_o black_a further_o off_o the_o painter_n therefore_o know_v this_o when_o they_o will_v make_v any_o thing_n seem_v hollow_a as_o a_o well_o a_o cistern_n a_o ditch_n a_o cave_n or_o any_o such_o