be iust who dreedeth death paine banishment or pouertie nor any y t before equitie preferreth the contraries And moste of all they wonder at him who is not tempted with money â—… in what man that is well tried him think they worthie to be regarded Therfore iustice dothe worke all those three which be pointed oute for glorie and gettes good will also bicause it meanes to profit verie manie and for the same cause it worketh credit likewise and admiratioÌ„ bicause it despiseth noughâ—… regardeth those thinges wherunto moste men enkindled with greedinesse be haled And surelie after my iudgement euerie trade and order of life requireth the aydes of men â—… chieflie that ye haue somme with whom you may debate in familiar talk which is hard onlesse ye beare vpoÌ„ you the showe of an honest maÌ„ Therfore opinion of iustice is necessarie euen to the aloneliuer and one that leades his life in y t feeldes yea and so much the more bicause if they haue it not vniust they shall be counted and beeing garded with no defeÌ„ce shall be vexed with manie iniuries And to these also who do sell bye hyre lette and be entaÌ„gled in bargaining bysinesse iustice to go thorow wich their maters is necessarie Whose power is so greate y â— euen they who be fedde with euill doing and mischief caÌ„ not possible liue withoute somme percell of iustice For who stealeth or priuielie pyketh anie thing from anie of theÌ„ with whom he goeth a theeuing he leaueth not himself a place no not in robberie And onlesse he who is named the archpirate deuide the prise egallie either he shall be slaine of his mates or els forsaken Yea and it is said ther ar lawes amonge theeues wherto they obey and doo obserue them And so by reason of the euen portioning of the prise bothe Bargulus the Illyrian robber of whom mention is made in Theopompus had greate riches and much greater had Uiriatus the Lusitane to whome of trouth euen our armies â—…aptains gaue place whom Caius Lelius he that was commonlie called the wise being Pretor didde discomfite and abate so alayed his fersnesse that he left an easie warre to other Seeing then the streÌ„gth of iustice is so great y t it also stablisheth encrcaseth robbers richesse how great suppose we y t power therof to be among lawes iudgemeÌ„ts and ordinauÌ„ces of a coÌ„mon weale Certesse methink not onelie amonge y t Medes as telleth Herodotê° but also among our auÌ„ceters in old time wellcoÌ„ditioned kings haue bene ordeined for y t end of enioyeÌ„g iustice For at the beginning when y â— multitude was oppressed by them who had y â— greater power for refuge they fled to soÌ„me one excelling in vertue who when he saued the weaker froÌ„ iniurie by pâ—…inting out an equitie kept the hyest w t the lowest in indifference of lawe And the like cause ther was of making lawes as of kings for euermore an egall right hathe beene sought for otherwise it wer not a right If they obteined y tsame at the haÌ„des of one iust good man w t him they wer coÌ„tented wheÌ„ y t chaunced not lawes wer deuised which w t all men alwaies in one alike voice shoulde speake Wherfore this is doutlesse a cleare case y â— they wer wonte to be chosen to gouern of whose iustice the opinioÌ„ of the multitude was great And this therto adioined y t they also might be couÌ„ted wise ther was nothing y â— men vnder those guides shoulde wene theÌ„selues vnable to attein Iustice therfore is by all maner meanes to be regarded mainteined bothe it for itselfsake for els it wer not iustice also for y â— enlargement of honour glorie But as ther is a waie not onelie of getting money but also of bestowing it which may suffise for continuall charges not onelie such as be necessarie but also liberall so glorie must be both gotten ordered by a meane Notw tst aÌ„ding notablie Socrates did saie this to be the nerest and as it wer the gaine waie to glo rie if a man wold endeuour this to be in dede such as he wolde be counted And if anie doo deeme theÌ„selues able to attein stedfast glory by false pretence vaine outshow both w t fained spech couÌ„ tenauÌ„ce they be farre out of y â— waie The true glorie taketh deepe roote and also shootes abrode all counterfet thinges do soone shed as do the litle flowers neither can ther anie forged thing be durable Witnesses verie manie ther be on bothe sides but for shortnesse sake we will be contented with one familie For Tyberius Gracchus Publiê° sonne so longe shall be praised as remembrauÌ„ce of the Romane state shall stand But his sonnes neither tiuing wer liked of good men and dedde go in the noumber of menne rightfullie puâ—…e to death Let them then whoso the true glorie will atteine perfourme the duties of iustice What those wer it was tolde in y â— former booke But to y â— ende y â— soone we may seem such maner meÌ„ as we be although the greatest effect is euen in this pointe that wee be such as we wolde be counted yet certein preceptes ar to be giueÌ„ For if anie from his first entered age hathe cause of name and fame either receiued of his father which to you my Cicero I suppose to haue happened or by anie chaunce and fortune on him al meÌ„s yies ar cast and of him ther is serching what he dothe and how he liueth and so as though he should leade his life in moâ—…e open light nother worde nor 〈◊〉 of his can be vnknowne But whose first age is passed withoute mennes knowledge by reason of basenesse vnknowne name these as soâ—…ne as they begin to be yongemen ought to looke after greate thinges and to prease vnto thesame with direct studies Which they shall doe with so much the better corage bicause that age is not onelie not 〈◊〉 but also fauored The chief setting forth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 â—… yongman to glorie is it anâ—… 〈◊〉 may be gotten by seates of 〈◊〉 wherin manie haue showed themselues among our aunceters for warres wer almoste 〈◊〉 kept But your age chaunced vpon that warre where the one side had tomuch mischief the other litle good fortune In which warre yet wheÌ„ Pompeius had made you captein of the one wing bothe of a mâ—… most noble and of the armie you gotte great prayse with riding with throwing the darte and susteining all thinges with a souldiourlike painfulnesse And verilie that your praise and the common-weale fell togither But of me this treatise is not taken in hand touching you but touching the holle generaltie Wherfore let vs go forward to such thinges as do remaine As then in other maters the workes of â—…he minde be much more thaÌ„ of the
into hatred or enuie but allwaies will so cleue to iustice honestie y â— while he maie maintein it allthough he sore offeÌ„d other he wold desire death rather than forsake those things that I haue spoken of AmbicioÌ„ nodoute and striuing for promotioÌ„ is a verie miserable thiÌ„g wherof it is notablie said in thesame Placo y e semblablie fare thei who woulde striue together whether of them should rather rule the coÌ„moÌ„weale as if the mariners should be at variauÌ„ce which of theÌ„ should thiestie gouern the helm And thesame man hath taught vs that those we take as enemies which would beare armour against vs not those who by their discretion meane to preserue the commonweale as the dissension bitwene Publius Africanus and Quintus Metellus was without all bitternesse of malice Neither ar thei worthie to be herd which holde opinion y â— we shoulde be throughlie angrie with our enemies and do think it is the propertie of a stoutherted and a mannelie man For ther is nothing more coÌ„meÌ„dable nothing more semelie for a great and noble man than pleasablenesse and mercie But in free cities and where ther is an equalitie of lawe ther must be vsed also a myldnesse noble corage as they call it leste if we bee angrie either with commers out of time or crauers without shame we fall into a testifenesse of minde bothe vnprofitable and hatefull And yet meeknes and mercie is so to be alowed that for the commonweales sake a seueritie be vsed without which a citie can not bee gouerned But all ponnishment chastisement must bee voide of malice and not be applied to serue his tnrn who ponnisheth or rebuketh anie man but to the commonweales behoofe We must also bee ware that the ponnishment bee not greater than the faulte and lest all for one mater some bee corrected somme not once spoken vnto And in ponnishing we must chieflie refrain from anger For the angrie man that gothe about ponnishment shall neuer keepe that measure that is bitwene to mickle to litle y â— which measure liketh the Peripatetikes and of good cause it liketh them were it so they would not coÌ„mende angrinesse and say that it is profitablie giuen of nature But in all cases that affeccion is to bee refused and it is to be wished that such as gouern the commonweale bee like the lawes which bee moued to ponnish offenders not vpon anie wrath but vpon equitie Moreouer in prosperitie when things flowe euen at our will let vs ernestly flee pride disdeiÌ„fulness and arrogaÌ„cie For as it is a point of lightnes vnmeasurablie to bear aduersitie so it is no lesse vnmeasurablie to vse prosperitie a continuall euenesse in all a maÌ„nes life and one chere euermore one maner of face is commendable as wee haue herd of Socrates and also of Caius Lelius Certesse I see how Philip king of the Macedonians was excelled of his sonne in prowesse and glorie yet in myldnesse gentlenes he was farre aboue him Wherfore y â— one was allwaies noble the other oftentimes full beastlie so y â— they seeme rightlie to teach which warne vs that howmuch the hyer wee bee in degree somuch the lowlyer we beare ourselues Panetius reporteth how Africanus his scholar familiar frend was wont to saie like as horses by reason of y â— diuers fights of warres waxing ouerhotte and coragious men vse to putte to ryders that they maie haue them the readyer euen so men vnbridled with prosperitie and ouertrusting to themselues should bee brought as it wer within the commepasse of reason and learning that they might thorousee the trailnesse of y â— worlde and the wauering of fortune Moreouer in our hyest prosperitie we must most of all take the aduise of our frendes and we must giue them also a greater authoritie thaÌ„ we did before and in those seasons we must take hede that we open not our eares to flaterers nor suffer ourselues to bee clawed with flaterie wherin it is an easie thing to bee begyled For we think ourselues such that of right we maie bee praised Wherof doo springe innumerable faultes when men puft vp with opinioÌ„ be shamefullie scorned and bee wrapte in foolish errours But of these maters thus farre we treate This then is to be taken thus y â— the greatest dedes and of the greatest corage be done by them which gouerne the commoÌ„weale bicause their ministratioÌ„ reacheth fardest and to most men apperteineth And that ther bee and haue bene manie euen in the quiet life of great corage which either would trie out or take in hand certein great enterprises and would kepe themselues within the boundes of their owne maters orels placed bitwene philosophers and those that rule the commonweale would bee delited with their homegoodes not heapiÌ„g vp y â— same by all maner of meanes nor barring theirs froÌ„ the vse therof but rather emparting theÌ„ bothe to their frendes to the common-weale if at anie time ther should be neede Which good first let it bee wellgotten and with no dishonest or hatefull gayne next let it be redie to doo good to manie so they be worthie lastlie let it bee encreased with discretion diligence thrift and not lye open rather to lust and ryot than to liberalitie and bountifulnesse These foresaid lessoÌ„s whoso obserueth maie liue bothe honourablie grauelie stoutelie also plainly faithfullie and frendlie for y â— trade of mannes life It folowes that we speake of the other parte of honestie which remaineth wherin shamefastnesse temperaunce as it were the certein ornament of mannes life and sober moode and all appeasment of passions of the minde and the measure of thinges is seene In this place also comelinesse is conteined the which maie bee named Decorum in latine for in Greeke it is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The nature herof is such that from honestie it can not be soÌ„dred For bothe what becommeth is honest and also what is honest becommeth But what difference ther is bitwene honestie and comelinesse it maie sooner be conceiued than expressed For whatsoeuer it is that becommeth it then appeareth when honestie is gone before And therfore not onelie in this â—…rte of honestie wherof in this place we haue to dispute but also in the three former partes it doth appere what becoÌ„meth For as it becoÌ„meth one to vse reason speeche discreetlie to doo y â— he should doo aduisedlie to espie and maintein whatsoeuer is in euerie thing the trouth so contrariewise to bee be gyled to erre to fall to be deceued as much it misbecommeth as to dote and bee distraught in minde Therto all iust thinges bee coÌ„melie all vniust thinges again as they bee dishonest so ar they vncoÌ„melie Like is the nature of manlinesse For
bodie so those thinges which with witte and reason wee go thorow be of more grace than those which we do with strength The first commendation then procedeth of sobermoode the next of naturall dutie toward pareÌ„tes the third of good will toward theirs But to the best coÌ„meÌ„dation yongmen be knowne soonest of all who haue bestowed themselues with noble and wise men well counseling the coÌ„monweale on whome if they be attendaunt they bring the people in beleefe that they will proue like them whome they haue chosen themselues to folowe Publius Mutius house did set out Publius 〈◊〉 ê° youthstate for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of harmlesse life of knowledge in the law For as for Lucius Crassus when he was a verie yongman he 〈◊〉 not from anie other place but wanne himself a verie greate praise by that noble and glorious accusation And in which age they who haue exercises ar 〈◊〉 to bee 〈◊〉 with praise as wee haue heard by 〈◊〉 in thesame age Lucius Crassus did showe himself in open courte to do that veriewell hauing forestudied which 〈◊〉 then at home with praise he might haue exercised But wheras ther bee two â—…ortes of speeche wherof in the one is familiar talk in the other 〈◊〉 it is no doute but the 〈◊〉 of spâ—…he may do mosâ—…e and hathe the greater furderaunce to glorie For y t is y â— thing which we do call eloqueÌ„ce but yet it is hard to tell how much a geÌ„tlenes â—… familiarnes of speeche winneth ménes mindes Ther be letters abrode of Philippus to Alexander and of Antipater to CassaÌ„der and of Antigonus to Philippus three very wysemen for so we haue heard in which thei giue rules that with gentle speche they allure the hertes of the multitude to owe theyr good will that they please their souldiours by speaking to them with faire wordes But y e oration which is made amonge the multitude with vehemence oftentimes raiseth an vniuersall glorie For great is the woÌ„derment at him that plentiefullie wiselie speaketh whome the hearers doe iudge also to vnderstande more and to be wiser than other And if in the oratioÌ„ ther be a grauenesse mingled with sobermoode nothing ther can be done more woÌ„derfull somuch the more if those be in a yongeman But wheras ther be verie manie kindes of causes which doe require eloquence and manie yongmen in our commoÌ„weale bothe before the iudges before the Senate haue atteined praise by speakiÌ„g in maters y â— grea test admiration is in iudiciall causes y â— nature wherof is in two partes For it staÌ„deth in accusation defence of which albeit defence is the more commendable yet also accusation is oftentimes alowed I spake of Crassus a litle before the like did Marcus Antonius being a yongman an accusation also brought Publius Sulpitius eloquence to light when into iudgement he called the seditious vnprofitable citiezen Caius Norbanus But this sothelie is not often to be done nor at anie time onlesse either for the commoÌ„weales cause as did the twoo Luculli or for protection sake as we did for the Sicilians and for y t Sardines Iulius Cesar for Marcus Albutius did y t like Also Lucius Fusius diligeÌ„ce was knowne in the accusing of Marcus Aquilius Once then it may be done not ofteÌ„ certesse But in case a man must needes do it often let him ascribe this office to the commonweale whose enemies to reueÌ„ge often is not to be reproued yet let ther be a measure present For of a hardherted man or rather scace a man it seemes vpon manie to bring the dauÌ„ger of life for that bothe is dauÌ„gerous to himself and also a shameful blotte in his name to giue cause that he be named a promotour Which chaunced to Marcus Brutus borne of a noble stocke his sonne who was verie well skilled in the ciuil lawe And therto this rule of dutie must bee diligeÌ„tlie kept that ye bring no innocent at anie time in iudgement vpon life for that can in no wise be done withoute haynous wickednesse For what is ther so vnnaturall as to turne eloquence being giuen of nature for the safegarde and preseruation of men to the harme and destructioÌ„ of good meÌ„ And yet as thiâ—… is to bee â—…schewed so is it not to be counted contrarie to godlinesse to defend the giltie otherwhile and mischeuous and wicked This the multitude desireth custome beareth humanitie also worketh The iudges parte is euermore in causes to folow the trouth the counselers parte manie times to defend the trouthlike though it be not so true which to write I wolde not be bolde namelie seeing I treate of philosophie but that thesame liked Panetius the grauest of the Stoikes But moste of all by defending bothe glorie and fauour is gotten and so much the more if euer it befall that he bee defended who dothe seeme to be besette and pressed with the richesse of anie man of power as ourself did bothe often at other times and also being yong for Sextus 〈◊〉 the Amerine against the might of Lucius Sylla bearing swey which oration as ye wotte is abrode But now we haue sette forthe yong mennes duties which auaile to the atteining of glorie hereafter we must speake of bountiefulnesse and liberalitie Wherof two maner waies ther ber For liberall dealing is showed to such as neede either by trauail or with money This latter is the easier speciallie to the possessioner but that other is the goodlier and more glorious meeter for a manlie and a noble man For though ther is a liberall will of pleasuring in bothe yet the one oute of the coffer the other oute of vertue is takeÌ„ and the lauishing which is made of a mannes housegoodes draweth drye the verie fountane of liberalitie so liberalitie is by liberalitie wasted and toward y â— mo that you do vse it the lesse ye can be able to vse it toward manie But whoso shall be bountiefull and liberall of trauail that is of vertue and diligence first the mo they haue profited the mo furderers they shall haue toward dealing liberallie afterwarde by customable vsing of bouÌ„teousnesse the redier they shall be and as it were the more practised to deserue well of manie Princelie dothe Philippus in a certein epistle accuse Alexander his sonne that by lauishnesse he hunteth after the good will of the Macedonians VVhat reason in a mischiefe quoth he hath brought you into this hope that ye should think those wolde be to you faithfull whome you had corrupted with money VVhy go ye aboute this that the Macedonians may think you not their king but their seruaunt and briber Well he sayd seruauÌ„t and briber bicause it is vile for a king Better also he sayd in that he called largegiuing corruption For he that receiueth
the enemie was showed by our aunceters When a runawaye traytour from Pyrrhus had promised the Senate that he wolde giue the king poysoÌ„ and kill him the Senate and Caius Fabritius did deliuer the ruÌ„awâ—… traytour to Pyrrhus In such sorte with trecherie they alowed not the deth of their enemie such a one as was bothe mightie and mooued warre vnprouoked Thus of warrefaring duties ther is inough spoken Let vs remember also that euen toward the basest sorte ther is a iustice to be kept The basest degree and state is of slaues whome they that will ye so to vse as hyred men in requiring their worke giuing them their due doo teache you not amisse But whereas iniuries may bee doone twoo waies that is to saiâ—… other by force or by gyle gyle seemes as of the for force as of the lioÌ„ bothe introuthe ar verie vnfitte for man yet gyle deserueth the greater hatered But of all iniustice none is more pestilent thaÌ„ theirs which when they begyle a man moste yet so handle the mater that they will seeme to be wellmeaning men Of iustice here is said inough Let vs now speake as we purposed of bountiefulnesse and liberalitie for nothing without doute is to the nature of man more agreeable NotwithstaÌ„ding it hath diuers exceptions For first we must see y t our bountiefulnesse hurt not bothe those to whome bouÌ„tiefullie it shal seeme to be doone also othermo next y â— our liberalitie be not more thaÌ„ our abilitie thirdlie that to euerieniaÌ„ be giuen according to his worthinesse For that is the fouÌ„datioÌ„ of iustice wherto all these must be applied j. For bothe they y t pleasure anie bodie with that which may hurt him whome they wolde seeme willing to profit ought to be deemed not bouÌ„teous nor liberall but pestileÌ„t flaterers and they likewise who doo hurt soÌ„me that they may be liberall to other doo fall into thesame iniustice as if they should turn other mennes goodes into their owne But ther bee manie and namelie the desirous of honour glorie who doo catche from soÌ„me that they maie lauish to an other these suppose that they shall seeme bountiefull to their â—…endes if they may enriche them anie maner waie But that is so farre of from dutie that nothing may be more contâ—…arious to dutie We must see therfore that wee vse such liberalitie as may profit our freÌ„des and hinder nobodie Wherfore Lucius Syllaes and Caius Cesars conueyeng of gâ—…odes from the iust owners to strauÌ„gers must not be thought liberalitie For nothing is liberall which same is not iust The secoÌ„d pointe of exceptioÌ„ was that our liberalitie should not be more thaÌ„ our abilitie bicause whoso will be lauisher thaÌ„ their goods will beare they chiefly offend in this that they be iniurious vnto their next akinne For they conuey thosesame riches to freâ—…ne folke which it wer more reason bothâ—… to be delt and left to their kinsfolke And ther is in such liberalitie a greedinesse oftentimes of catchiÌ„g and pulling awaâ—…e with iniurie that ther may be stoâ—…e to lash oute A maÌ„ may see some also doo much not by nature so liberall as led w t a certein glorie y â— they may seeme bountieful which thinges may be thought to come rather of a bragge thaÌ„ of a free hert Such a faâ—…sse fainig is a nearer neibour to vanitie than either to liberalitie or to honestie The third restraint we sâ—…ake of is y t in liberalitie there be a choice of worthinesse Wherin ar to be coÌ„sidered bothe his maners vpon whoÌ„e y â— benefite shall be bestowed also his good will toward vs and the enterpartening felouship of life frendlie turns doone before to our commodities all which be 〈◊〉 to meete togither if not the mo causes and the greater shal haue in them the more weight Howbeit bicause wee leade not our life with perfite men and thoroulie wise but with such as in whome it is a goodly mater if ther be resemblaunces of vertue I 〈◊〉 this also meete to be coÌ„sidered that we despise no maner man in whome anie signe of vertue dothe appeare and speciallie that eueryman so be regarded as echeman chieflie shall be garnished w t these gentler kindes of vertues sobermoode temperauÌ„ce and this same iustice wherof allredie much hath been spoken For a manlie corage and a greate is commonlie soÌ„mewhat to feruent in a man that waÌ„tes of perfectioÌ„ and wisdome but those other vertues seeme rather to pertein to a good maÌ„ Thus much in maners may be considered But concerning loue that anie man beareth toward vs this is the chiefe poiÌ„cte of dutie that we giue moste to him of whome wee ar moste beloued But we must measure good will not after the gyse of yongmen by a certein heate of loue but rather by assurâ—…nesse and stedfastnesse But in case a maÌ„nes derseruing be such that we haue not to seeke to creepe in fauour but to requite his kindenesse a certein greater care is then to be vsed For ther is no dutie more necessarie than requiting of kyndnesse And if Hâ—…siodus willes ye with larger measure if ye may to restore such thinges as ye haue borowed to occupie what then ought we to doo prouoked by benefites Must we not doo like the frutefull feeldes that yeelde much more than they receiued For if we sticke not to bestowe pleasures vpoÌ„ them who we hope will profit vs hereafter what maner men ought wee to be toward them that haue doon vs good allredie For whereas ther be twoo kindes of liberalitie one of dooing a benefite an other of requiting whether we will doo it or no is in our owne choise but to leaue ought vnrequited is not law full for a good man so he may doo it withoute iniurie But ther be respectes to be hadde of benefites receiued and there is nodoute but moste is due to the greatest Wherin specially yet is to be wesed of what minde affection and good will a man hathe done it For manie meÌ„ doo manie thinges of a certeiÌ„ heddinesse w toute discretion or measure toward euerimaÌ„ orâ—…ls with a certein soden braide of minde caried as with the wynde which benefites ar not to be counted alike great as those that be offered with iudgement aduisedlie constantlie But in placing of benefites and requiting kindenesse if all other thinges be correspoÌ„deÌ„t this is a priÌ„cipall poincte of dutie that as euerieman moste needeth help so him moste of all we ayde Which contrariewise is done of a greate meanie for of whome they hope moste although he hath no neede of them yet to him they ar moste seruisable But the felouship and neibourhod of men shal best be mainteined if as eueriemaÌ„ shal be nerest vs so on him we bestow most liberalitic But what be natures principles of neibourhod and the
preseruation of helth nor sailing nor ground tilth and trimming nor the inning and sauing of corne and other frutes without labour of men could haue bene anie at all Now moreouer bothe cariage oute of those things wherwith we wer stored and conueiauÌ„ce iÌ„ of those which we should neede ther could be doutlesse none eâ—…cept men should doe these offices And in like maner nother stones should bee hewed out of quarreis necessarie to our vse nother yron golde brasse siluer deepe hidden could bee digged vp without the labour hande of maÌ„ Howses also wherby bothe y â— sharpenesse of colde might be defâ—…nded the noiauÌ„ce of heate might be assuaged froÌ„ wheÌ„ce either at y â— beginning mought they haue been giueÌ„ to maÌ„kiÌ„de or after doo ease if either by violence of teÌ„pest or by earthquake or oldeness they had gone to wracke excepte common life had learned of men to aske the ayde for these thinges Adde herunto conduits of water turning of riuers letting in water ouer groundes wharts made against streames hauens cast by hande which without mennes worke we might not haue By all which and manie other thinges it is euident that by no meanes without mannes hande and trauail wee could haue receiued the fruites and profites which bee gotten of those things that be liuelesse What frutes also of beastes or what commoditie could ther bee taken but if men should help therto For euen they doutlesse were men who were the chiefe in deuising what vse wee might haue of eche beast nor at this season without mennes seruice might wee either keepe horses or breake them or saue them or of them take seasonable commodities and by men also bothe those beastes bee killed which doo hurt and those bee taken which may doo seruice What should I noumber vp a heape of arts without which mannes life could haue bene none at all For who should ease the sicke What delite should ther bee amonge the healthfull what diet what apparaile onlesse so manie arts shoulde serue vs. With which things maÌ„s life beeing furnished is becomme so farre different from the feeding and cote of beastes Cities also without the assemble of men could neither bee builded nor peopled Wherupon ordinaunces and customes were made also an indifferent setting oute of lawe and a sure rule to liue after by which the life is ledde well and wealfullie Which thinges bothe the myldnesse of mindes and shamefastnesse hath folowed and it is brought to passe that our life shoulde bee the more safegarded and that by giuing and taking and enterchaÌ„unging of goodes pleasures we should waÌ„t nothing We bee longer in this place than neede requires For who is he to whom those things ar not manifest which in mo woordes bee recited of Panetius that neither anie captein in warre nor prince at home could haue atchieued greate feates auailable without meÌ„nes endeuour Kehersed of him is Themistocles Pericles Cyrus Agesilaus Alexander whom he denieth to haue bene able to commepasse so great thirgs without the ayde of men In a mater nowhit doutfull he vseth witnesses nowhit necessarie And as we obtein great commodities by the like minde and consente of men so ther is none so lothesomme a pestilence which dothe not growe to man by man Ther is a booke of Dicearchus vpon the death of men who was a greate Peripatetik and plentifull and after the other causes gathered togither as of waterbreakes of pestilence of destruction yea and of the sodain flocking togither of beasts by whose violeÌ„ce he showeth how certein kindes of men wer consumed afterward he makes comparison how manie mo men haue bene destroyed by mennes violence that is by warre or rebellion than by all other miserie Seeing then this place hath no maner of doute but that men both profit and hurte menne veriemuch I pointe this to bee a propertie of vertue to winne mennes heartes to her and binde them to her vse Therfore whatso in things liuelesse and whatso in the vse and occupyeng of beastes is done profitablie to mannes life it is all appointed to the laboursomme trades But mennes good wills that bee preste and readie to the aduauncement of our estate bee stirred vp by the wisdome and vertue of excellente menne For all vertue in a maner consisteth in three poinctes Wherof one is in thorowseeing what in euerie thing is true and perfit what agreable to eche thig what is the sequele wherof all things growe what is the cause of euerie thing The other to kepe in the troublesomme moodes of the minde which the greeks name 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and to make the appetites which thei call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 obedieÌ„t vnto reasoÌ„ The third to vse them soberlie and skilfullie with whom we be conuersaunt by whose good wills we may haue those things at fill and heaped which nature desires yea by them if any harm be brought vpoÌ„ vs we may it auoide maie be wreaked of those which haue gone about to hurt vs and maie paye them with so much ponnishment as equitie and mannes gentlenesse dothe beare But by what meanes wee maie attein this power that wee maie commepasse mennes good wills and retein the same we shall saie and that not long hereafter But a fewe words ar to bee saide before That a greate power ther is in fortune on eyther side either for welfare or euillfare who is ignoraunt For bothe when wee enioye her prosperous blast we ar caried to our desired ends and when her winde is turned wee ar afflicted This same fortune then hath other chaunces which be seldomer first that comme from things liuelesse as seastormes teÌ„pests shipwracks dounfalls burnings then from beasts as stripes bytinges ouerruÌ„nings These therfore as I said bee seldomer But the destruccion of armies as alate of three ofteÌ„ of manie slaughter of capteins as latelie of a noble and singular maÌ„ the enuâ—…engs moreouer of the multitude and by reason of thesame oftentimes the banishments the miseries the fleeinges awaie of the welldeseruing citiezeÌ„s and again prosperitie honour empire victorie although they bee in fortunes haÌ„de â—…et without meÌ„nes trauails and studies on neither side they can bee brought to passe This then knowne wee muste declare by what meanes we maye allure and styrre vp mennes good wills to our profits The which processe if it bee sommewhat long lette it bee compared with the greatnesse of the profit so perhaps euen soÌ„mewhat to shorte it shall seme What soeuer then men giue to a man to enriche and aduaunce him either they doe it for good will when for soÌ„me cause they beare affection to anie orels for honours sake if they reuerence anie mannes vertue think him woorthie of moste fortunate estate or in whom they haue a trust and doe suppose theÌ„ to prouide well for their maters orels whose power they
into these destructions we ar fallne for wee must return to our purpose while we had rather to be feared than to be deare and welbeloued If all this coulde befall to the people of Rome ruling vnrightfullie what ought euerie sere man to think Which thing sithe it is euident that the power of good will is greate of feare 〈◊〉 it folowes that wee make discourse by what meanes we may soonest with honour and vprightnesse attein that loue which we desire But all wee doo not alike stand in neede of y â— same For to the trading of echemans life it must be applied whether it be needefull of many or sufficieÌ„t of fewe to be beloued Let this therfore be certein as y t thing which is bothe principall and most necessarie to haue faithfull familiarities of frendes louing vs and hyelie esreeming our vertues For this is the onelie meane in deede that ther be not much difference bitwene greate and meane men and it must be procured in a maner of them bothe Not all parchaunce do stande in like neede of honour glorie and citiezens good will but yet whoso hathe them they â—…urder sommewhat bothe to other things and also to the purchasing of frendshippes But of frendship wee haue spoken in the booke which is entitled Lelius now let vs speake of glorie though of that mater also ther be twoo bookes of oures yet let vs touche it bicause thesame auaileth much in executing of greater maters The hyest therfore and perfite glorie standeth of these three if the multitude fauour vs if they haue a trust in vs if with a certein admiration they count vs worthie of honour And if we must speake it plailie and brieflie as these be gotteÌ„ at the handes of euerie sere maÌ„ by thesame meancs in a maner they be obteined of the multitude But ther is also a certein other enterauÌ„ce into y t multitude y t we may as ye wolde say flowe into y â— hertes of the holle And first let vs see touching those three which before I called the preceptes of good will y â— which nodout is caught moste of all by benefites And secondarilie good will is allured by a welwillig minde although perhappes abilitie suffiseth not But wonderoustie the loue of the multitude is alltosrirred with the fame opinion of liberalitie bounteousnesse iustice faithfulness of al those vertues which appertein to the myldenesse of maners gentlenesse For that veriesame which we name comelie honest bicause ofit self it liketh vs and with his owne nature and beautie mooueth all our mindes principallie shineth as it wer out of those vertues which I haue reherced therfore by verie nature wee are enforced to fauour them in whom we think those vertues to be And these verilie be the weightiest causes of fauoring for othermo lighter ther maie be beside But that a trust may be had in vs by two thinges it may be brought to passe if we shall be thought to haue atteined prudence ioined with iustice For bothe to them we haue a trust whom we suppose to vnderstand more than ourselues and also to them who we beleeue be able bothe to foresee thinges tocomme also to dispatche the bysinesse and forth with to take counsail wheÌ„ the mater is in hand and staÌ„des in hasard For all men do iudge this the profitable and true prudence But in such wise credit is giuen to iust and trustie meÌ„ that is to good meÌ„ that in them ther is no suspicion of deceite and iniurie Therfore to these our life to these our goodes to these our childern we suppose verie well to be coÌ„mitted Of these twoo then iustice is of more power to wi a credit bicause it without prudeÌ„ce hathe sufficient authoritie prudeÌ„ce withoute iustice is nothing worthe to get credit For the sutteler and the craftier that a man is so much the more he is hated and suspected when the opinion of his honestie is pulled awaie Wherfore iustice ioyned with vnderstanding shall haue as much power as it list to purchase credit iustice w toute prudeÌ„ce shal be of much power prudeÌ„ce w tout iustice shall be nothiÌ„g worth But leste soÌ„me man haue maruail seeing amongst all philosophers it is plaine and by miself disputed often him that should haue one vertue to haue all the vertues why I do now sonder them so as though ther may anie man be iust which same is not prudent of one sorte is y t suttlenesse when verie trouth is leueled in disputation of an other sorte is y t talk wheÌ„ it is all applied to the coÌ„mon opinioÌ„ Wherfore we speake so in this place as the coÌ„moÌ„ sorte doo that we call soÌ„me one sort manlie soÌ„me other good men soÌ„me other prudent For with the peoples wordes and vsuall termes we must treate when we speake of the â—…onron peoples opinion that did Panetius after thesame sorte But to the purpose let vs returne Of y â— three therfore which should appertein to glorie this was the third that with admiration of meÌ„ we might by them be thought worthie of honour Generallie theÌ„ they haue in admiration doutelesse all things which they haue noted to be greate and beyonde their wening and seuerallie in euerie sere man if they perfitlie see good thinges vnlooked for Therfore they honour those men and with highest praises set them alofte in whom they think themselues to beholde certein passing singular vertues But those they despise set at nought in whoÌ„ no vertue no corage no strength they iudge For all men do not despise them of whoÌ„ they think euill For whome they deeme dishonest misreporters gylefull and redieframed to do wrong those they despise not certesse but of them they think euill Wherfore as I said afore they be despised who neither to theÌ„selues nor to other do good as they saie in whoÌ„ ther is no painfulness no diligence no caring but they be reuereÌ„ced with a certein admiratioÌ„ who ar thought to go before others in vertue to be w tout bothe all vnseemlinesse and also those vices which other can not easilie w tstand For bothe pleasures full flatering â—…ames do oftentimes wrest the greater parte of the minde from vertue and also wheÌ„ the brondes of paines be laid vnto theÌ„ most meÌ„ beyonde measure be alltofrayed Life death riches pouertie moste mightilie mooue all men Which things whoso on either side with a loftie great corage do despise and wheÌ„ before theÌ„ is offered any goodlie honest thing it turneth haleth them holle to it self then who doth not maruail at the brightness beautie of vertue Therfore bothe this despisig minde causeth a great wondering and speciallie iustice of which vertue alone good men be named seemeth to the multitude a wonderfull thing not withoute cause For none can
their estate An honest sayeng it is but who is ther at all which in bestowing his trauaile dothe not preferre the fauour of a richeman one of power before y â— poores a right good maÌ„nes cause For froÌ„ whoÌ„ we think a speedier and redier recoÌ„pence will coÌ„me to him warde commonlie our good will is the more enclined But we must marke more diligentlie what is the nature of thinges For verily though y t pooreman can not render due thanks yet if he bee a good maÌ„ owe them for soothe he may This surely was in place whosoeuer said it Money who haueth in hand hath not payde who hath paide haueth in minde but thaÌ„kes both who hath paide haueth in miÌ„de who haueth in minde hath rendered But these who counte theÌ„selues riche honorable wealfull will not bee once bouÌ„d to a maÌ„ for a pleasure but thei think rather y t thei haue done a pleasure when yea although they haue taken soÌ„me great thing thei suspect somwhat likewise of theÌ„ either to be craued or looked for but thei recheÌ„ it eueÌ„ like a death y t thei should seme to haue vsed ones furderaunce or should be called hangers on But y â— other poremaÌ„ thiÌ„king hiÌ„self regarded not his state wheÌ„ any thing is done vnto him desires y t he may be thought thaÌ„kfull not onelie to him who haue deserued it but also to theÌ„ for he standes in neede of manie of whome he lookes for ought Nor yet w t wordes he setts oute his seruice if perhappes he doe anie but also abaceth it And thissame pointe is to bee considerd that if you defeÌ„d a riche and a welthie man y â— thank remaines in him alone or perchauÌ„ce in his children but if you do it for him that is poore and yet honest discrete all the meane degree being not dishonest which is a greate multitude amonge the people do se succour prepared for them Wherfore I think a benefite better to bee bestowed vpon good men than vpoÌ„ riche Yet allwaies we must giue our endeuour that we may content all maner of men but if the mater shall coÌ„me into comparison verilie Themistocles is to be taken for an author who when he was asked couÌ„sel whether one should bestowe his daughter vpon a good pooremaÌ„ or a riche manne not so honest I quoth he do rather like a man who lacketh money than money which wanteth a man But maners bee corrupted and marred by ouerregarding riches What do the the great store therof pertein to euerie one of vs Perauenture it helpeth him that hath it and that iwis not allwaies But graunte it helps indeede he may be the mightier but which waie may he bee the honester man And if the richeman bee also a good man let not his riches hinder him cause him to finde thelesse helpe so they furder him not let a maÌ„nes holle iudgement bee not how riche but what maner man echone is And in bestowing benefites and trauail the last lesson is that you labour nothing against equitie nothing with wronge For iustice is the grounde of a continuall commendacion and fame withoute which nothing can bee praisable But seing we haue spoken of such kinde of benefites as beloÌ„ge to eche seuerall manne hereafter we must treate of those which pertein to all men and to a commonweale And some of thosesame bee of such sorte that they pertein to the holle nonmbre of citizens soÌ„me that they concern euerie sere man which bee also more fauourfull A diligence doutlesse ther must bee giuen if it may that it be prouided for bothe nolesse also for euerieone but so as the thing either maye furder or at leste not hinder the commonweale Caius Gracchus cornedole was greate he wasted therfore the treasurie Marcus Detauiê° made such a one as was measurable and as the commonweale might beare necessarie for the people therfore wealfull bothe to the citizens and also to y t state But speciallie it must be sene to of him who shall gouern the commonweale that euerieman keepe his owne and that ther be no impayring of priuate meÌ„ns goods for coÌ„mon charges For Philippus did daungerouslie in his Tribuneâ—… ship wheÌ„ he made the lawe concerning laÌ„des which yet he soone sufferd to be repealed therin maruailouslie hee showed himself a sober man but as hee did euill in setting for the manie thinges people pleasinglie so this he spake euill y â— ther wer not in the citie twoo thousand men who had anie substaunce It is surelie a mischieuous sayeng sounding to y â— making of goodes coÌ„mon what greater pestileÌ„ce caÌ„ ther be thaÌ„ that For coÌ„moÌ„welths countries ar ordeined to this ende speciallie that men may kepe their owne For although meÌ„ assembled togither nature beeing guide yet they sought the defenses of cities for hope of safekeeping of their goodes Ther must also good heede be giueÌ„ that as often it happened amonge our aunceters for the poorenesse of the treasurie and continuaunce of y â— warres a tribute be not nedefull to be paid And longe before it must be prouided that it may not befall But if anie necessitie of this dutie shall happen vpoÌ„ any coÌ„monweale for I had rather prophecie to soÌ„me others than to owres yet I reasoÌ„ not of owres but of euerie coÌ„monweale ther must bee giuen a diligence that all men may vnderstaÌ„d that if they will bee in safetie they must obey necessitie And moreouer all such as shall rule the commonweale ought to prouide that ther bee store of those thinges which ar necessarie Of which it is not needefull to dispute what a prouision is wonte ought to be made for y â— mater is manifest this place was nomore but to bee touched But the chief poincte is in all administration of maters and commonweale offices that euen y â— leste suspitioÌ„ of couetousnesse bee auoided Would god quoth Caius Pontius thâ—… Samnite fortune had reserued me to those daies and I had then been borne when the Romanes begoÌ„ne once to take bribes I woulde not suffer them anie lenger to rule Hee needed not iwis to haue taried for manie worldes For of late this mischiefe entered into this commonweale Therfore I am well content that Pontius rather liued then if ther was in him somuch manhod indeede Not yet a hundred and tenne yeres be past sins the lawe of pillage was made by Lucius Piso wheras none before had been But afterward folowed so many lawes and euerie of the later the harder so manie accused so manie condeÌ„ned so greate an Italian warre raised for feare of iudgements wheÌ„ lawes and iudgementes wertaken awaie so greate polling robbing of leagfrendes y â— by the weaknesse of other not by our prowesse we do preuaile Panetius praiseth Africanus bicause
he was no taker Why should he not be praised But other greater thinges ther were in him For the praise of restraining from taking is not onlie the mans but also that times Paulus got all the Macedonians treasure which was exceeding greate he brought somuch riches into the treasurie y t one capteins bootie made an end of tributes but he bore nothing into his house saue an euerlasting memorie of his name Africanus folowed his father nowhit the more enriched by Cartage razed What of Luciê° Mummius who was his officefelow in the Censorship was hee aniedeale the richer when by the ground he had ouerthrowne the moste riche citie Hee was willing rather to bewtifie Italie than his owne house allthough Italie beeing beautified his verie house seemeth to mee the beautifuller No vice then is ther fowler that thither my talke may return froÌ„ whence it is strayed than couetousnesse speciallie in princes commonweale rulers For it is not onelie dishonest but wicked also shamefull to make a gaine of the coÌ„moÌ„welth Therfore wheras Apollo Pythius gaue oute by oracle that Sparta no other waie but by couetousnesse should coÌ„me to destructioÌ„ the same hee seemeth to haue prophecied not onelie to the Lacedemonians but also to all welthie peoples For they who rule ouer the common-weale maye by no meanes sooner winne the good will of the multitude than by a refraining hand stayednesse But woso will be peoplepleasers and for that cause do either attempt the mater of landes that the owners may be driueÌ„ from their holdes orels do think meete that loned money bee remitted to the detters they shake the foundations of the commonweale first they take awaie coÌ„corde which can not bee when money is pulled froÌ„ soÌ„me forgiueÌ„ to other soÌ„me next they baÌ„nish equitie which is hollie rooted oute if it bee not lawfull for euerie man to haue his owne For that is the proper ende as I said before of a citie and borough that ther bee a free and no troublesome keping of euerie mannes owne good And in this mischief of the commonweale they do not attein such fauour as they suppose thei do For he from whome goods be taken is becoÌ„me an enemie hee also to whome thei ar giueÌ„ makes as though he is not willing to take them and moste of all hee hydes his ioye in loned money forgiuen leste hee maye seeme to haue been vnable to paye it But surelie hee that receiueth the wronge bothe beareth his greefe in remembraunce and showeth it in sight neither if they bee mo to whom wickedlie it hath been giueÌ„ than they from whome vniustlie it hath been taken it foloweth that therfore thei be also more in power For these thinges be iudged not by noumber but by weight And what equitie is in this y t he shoulde haue land who hathe had none and hee shoulde forgo land who hathe had it manie yeres yea or hunderds of yeres before continued in possessioÌ„ But for this kinde of iniurie the Lacedemonians draue out Lysander the Ephorean and they sleew Agis y â— king which had neuer happened among them before Wherof folowed at that time so great dissensions y â— there arose tyrauntes and their noble men wer exiled a verie well ordered commonweale weÌ„t to ruine Nor trulie their state onelie had a fall but also it ouerthreew the rest of Greece with the infections of mischiefes which springing from y â— LacedemoniaÌ„s did flowe farder abrode What of our Gracchi Tiberius Gracchus the noble mannes sonnes Africanê° childerns childern did not landstriues bring them to destruction But in dede Aratus the Sicyonian is rightfullie coÌ„mended who wheÌ„ his câ—…tie was fiftie yeres witholden by tyraunts being departed frâ—…m Argos to Sicyon with a pâ—…stoâ—… entrie gâ—…tte possession of the citie and when 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 he had ouerâ—…â—…n the tyraunt Nicocles he 〈◊〉 hâ—…me again six hundred baâ—…sht men who had been the greatest possessioners of y t citie and by his comming sette the â—…ommoÌ„weale at libertie But wheÌ„ he perceiued the greate inconuenience in the goodes and possessions bicause bothe he thought it verie vnreasonable y t they should â—…acke whoÌ„ he himself had restored whâ—…se goodes other had possessed again to remoue fiftie yeres possession he iudged it not verie indifferent bicause that in sâ—… lâ—…ng a space much by inheritauÌ„ce much by sale much by dower was holden w t out wroÌ„g he thought it was necessarie neither the goodes to bee taken from them nor those to bee vnsatisfied whose they had bene before When he had then determined y t he should neede money for the ordering of y â— mater he saide he would make a viage to Alexandria and commauÌ„ded the mater to remaine vntouched vntill his return And he w t speâ—…e went to Ptolemeus who had bene his entertainer which then reigned the seconde after the building of Alexandria to whom when he had declared y â— he was minded to set his countrie at libertie and had enfourmed him of the case the noble man soone obteined of the riche king to bee ayded with a masse of money Which wheÌ„ he had brought into Sicyon he toke to him in couÌ„sell fiftâ—… one of his nobles with whoÌ„ he examined the cases bothe of them who did withholde othermennes of theirs who had lost their owne did putte these fifteene in commissioÌ„ for the valewing of possessions and to perswade somme that they would be willinger to take money and â—…ease their possession and other somme to think that to haue as much payed them in valeew it were more profit than to recouer their owne So it camme to passe that they all departed withoute complainte by a wellordered concorde O manne of much honour and woorthie to haue bene borne in our commonweale Thus it is meete to deale with citiezens and not as twise allreadie wee haue seene to pitche a salestaffe in the marketplace to put the goodes of the citiezens in y â— cryers mouthe But that Greeke thought meete to prouide for all which was the part of a wise and a woorthie manne And that is the greatest discretion and wisdome of an honourable citiezen to defende not to pull awaie the citiezens commodities and to contein them all within one maner of equitie But soÌ„me will saie men maye dwell rentfree in an others house Why so That when I haue bought it haue builded it doo repaire it do laie charges vpoÌ„ it thou shouldest haue y â— vse of mine agaiÌ„st my will What is this els but from somme to take their owne to soÌ„me to giue other 〈◊〉 And as for the neew tables what reason haue they but that you may bye land with my money and possesse it yourself and yet I may not haue my money Wherfore it must bee prouided y â— ther bee no dett which may hinder the coÌ„moÌ„weale which thing may bee
ponnish And this much more doth the verie course of nature require which is the lawe of God and man the which whoso is willing to obey all trulye will obey it that haue a minde to liue according to nature shall neuer so offeÌ„d y t an other maÌ„s goodes he wolde couet and take to himself that he hathe pulled froÌ„ an other For much more according to nature is the hynesse and greatness of corage and likewise common felowship iustice liberalitie than pleasure than life than rychesse Which thinges doutlesse for a man to despise and set at nought in coÌ„parison of commoÌ„ profit is a signe of a greate and hawte corage But to pull from an other for ones own profits sake is more against nature than death than sorowe than the rest of y â— same kinde And in like maner more according to nature it is for the sauing and ayding of all nations if it may possiblie be done to vndertake greate trauails and paines folowing that notable Hercules whom mens reporte the recorder of desertes hath placed in y â— companie of theÌ„ aboue than to liue in solitarienesse not onely without anie paines but also in great pleasures flowing full of all richesse yea though moreouer you may excell all other in beautie strength Wherfore euerieman of the best moste noble disposition preferreth that life farre before this Wherof it coÌ„mes to passe y t a man obedieÌ„t to nature caÌ„ not hurt a man Furdermore whoso wrongeth an other y â— himself may get soÌ„me coÌ„moditie either beleeues that he doth nothiÌ„g agaist nature or wenes y t he should shoÌ„ne death pouertie sorrowe the losse also of childern kinsfolk frendes rather than the doing of iniurie to any man If he thinketh nothing to be done against nature in wronging of men what should you reasoÌ„ with him which cleane takes away man from man But if he plainlie thinketh that meete to be auoided yet these he deemeth much worsse death pouertie sorowe he is in this point out of the waie that he taketh any discommoditie either of the bodie or of fortune to be sorer thaÌ„ the vices of the minde Therfore there must be in all men one entent that alike may be the profit of euerie sere maÌ„ and of all vniuersallie Which profit if eche man plucke vnto himself all mannes felowship shall be 〈◊〉 And if nature dothe also appoint this that man woloe haue manne prouided for whatsoeuer he be yet euen for thissame respect bicause he is a manne it must needes folowe that according to thesame nature the profit of all be in common Which if it be so we all be coÌ„teined in one and the like lawe of nature Anâ—… if the same be so doutelesse by the lawe of nature wee ar forbidden one to wronge an other Now the antecedent is true therfore true also is the consequent For that verielie is reasonlesse that somme saye from their parent or brother they will take nothing awaye for cause of their owne profit but of other citiezenes that ther is an other respect to be hadde These bee in opinion that they haue no lawe nor felowshippe to keepe with citizeÌ„nes for a common profits sake which opinion dothe rippe a sonder all the societie of a citie And they that saye ther must regarde be hadde of citieâ—…enes and none of forainers doo ryâ—…e asonder the common felowship of maÌ„kindeâ—… which being destroyed all bountiefulnesse liberalitie goodnesse and iustice is vtterly rooted vp which whoso take awaie euen toward the goddes immortall ar to be counted irreligious For such do ouerthrow the felowship by them among men ordeined Of the which felowship the surest bonde is to think it to be more against nature for one manne to vse extortion to an other for his owne profits sake than to suffer all discommodities either outward or of the bodie yea or of y â— minde which happen withoute iust deseruing For this vertue Iustice of all vertues is the ladie and quene Perauenture â—…me will say Shall not then the wiseman if he be driueÌ„ by famine take awaie meate froÌ„ an other man good for nothing No doutlesse For my life is no more profitable to me than such a disposition of minde that I wrong uobodie for my profits sake What if a good man could spoile the cruell and beastlie tyraunt Phalaris of his clothing that he should not dâ—… for colde himself might he not do it These be full easie to iudge For if you take ought from a maÌ„ on no behalf profitable for loue of your owne commoditie ye shall doo vnkindelie and against the law of nature but if you be the maÌ„ who may bring much profit vnto the commoÌ„ weale the felowship of meÌ„ if you remaine aliue incase ye take away ought from an other vpon that coÌ„sideration it is not to be reproued but if the mater standeth not euen so euerie manne must rather beare his owne discommoditie than pull awaie of an others commodities Sickenesse then or pouertie or any such like is not more against nature than extortion and greediness of an other mannes goodes But to leaue alone the common profit is against nature for it is vniust Therfore the verie lawe of nature which preserueth and mainteineth mens profit appointeth withoute doute that froÌ„ the â—…dle and vnprofitable man necessarie thinges to liue with be conueied to the wise y â— good and the manly man who if he should dye for waÌ„t should drawe awaye with him much of the common profit and yet so he must do it that neither by ouerweeniÌ„g in himself nor louing of himself to well he make this a pretenced colour to do wronge Therfore alwaies let him do his dutie prouiding for the profit of men and that felowship among men which I oftentimes repeat For as touching Phalaris case y â— iudgemeÌ„t is verie easye For with tyraunts we haue no societie but rather be at extreeme dissension with them neither is it against nature to spoile him if ye can whome it is honest to kill and all such pestileÌ„t wicked rables ar to be driueÌ„ out of the companies of men For euen as certein limmes be cutte of if they once beginne bothe to lacke blood and life as ye wolde say and also do hurt the other partes of the bodie so this sauagenesse cruelnesse of a beast vnder the shape of a man must be parted as it wer froÌ„ the common naturalnesse of mans bodie Of this sorte be all those questions wherin dutie is sought out by circumstaunce of time Such maters therfore I beleue Panetius wolde haue treated had not somme chaunce or bysinesse preuented his purpose Concerning which maner of taking aduisment in my bookes afore many thinges be sufficiently taught by which it may be perâ—…iued what is to be auoided for dishonestie what is not to be shoÌ„ned bicause it is nothing dishonest
diuers maters which trouble meÌ„nes mindes vnder a showe of profit not when this is aduised vpoÌ„ whether honestie is to be left for the greatnesse of profit for that plainlie is wicked but whether the thing which seemeth profitable may bee done withoute dishonestie When Brutus tooke awaye the rule from Collatinus Tarquimê° his officefelowe hee might haue 〈◊〉 thought to doo it vniustlie for in driuing oute the kinges he had bene Brutus assist auÌ„t ayder also of his counsels But when the rulers had agreed thus in couÌ„sell that the kinred of Superbus the name of the Tarquinians and the memorie of y â— kingdome should be vtterly driuen oute bicause it was profitable to prouide for their coun trie thesame was in such wise honest y â— euen verie Collatinê° ought to haue liked it And so profit preuailed bicause of honestrie w toute which profit could not haue bene at all But with y â— king who builded this citie it fared not so For a showe of profit strake in his mide to whome when it appered more profitable for him to rule alone than with an other he slew his brother This man forgotte bothe godlinesse and naturalnesse that he might obtein the thing that semed profitable and was not so indeede and yet his brothers leaping ouer the wall he alledged for a colour of honestie neither alowable nor sufficient ynough He offended therfore y t by Quirinê° or Romulê° fauour I may saye it Notwithstanding wee ought not to leaue our owne coÌ„modities giue them to other when ourselues do neede thesame but euerye man must serue his owne profit so farre as withoute an others iniurie it may bee done Feately said Chrisippus in this as he did in many things mo Whoso quoth he ronneth in the race ought to endeuour and labour as much as he maye that himsef may winne the game but in no wise he ought to trippe him with whome he ronnes or to keepe him of with his hand So in this life it is not vnlawfull for euerie man to gette himself that may serue his vse but to pull from an other it is no right But moste of all duties be put oute of order in frendshippes in the which it is agaist dutie bothe not to do that rightfully you may and to do y t is not lawfull But of all this mater a short no hard rule ther is For these which seeme profitable honours riches pleasures other of thesame kinde ar neuer to be preferred afore freÌ„dship And a good man for his freÌ„des sake nother will do against y t coÌ„monweale nother against his othe promes no not though he shall be iudge vpoÌ„ his owne frend For he puttes of the personage of a frend when he takes vpon him the persone of a iudge Thus much he shall leane to frendship that he had rather his frendes cause wer true and that he will graunt him time thorouly to pleade his cause as much as by the lawes he may But when by his othe he is to giue sentence he must remeÌ„ber he taketh god to witnesse that is to meane as I suppose his conscience for nothing more god-like than it is hath god himself giuen to man Therfore of our aunceters we haue receiued a goodly maner of desiring the fauour of a iudge if we wolde keepe it To do what he may sauiÌ„g his othe This request is referred to those things which a litle before is said might honestly be graunted by a iudge to his frend For if all thinges should be done which frendes wolde desire such wer to be couÌ„ted not amities but coÌ„spiracies I speake now of commoÌ„ frendshippes For in meÌ„ wise and perfite ther caÌ„ be no such thing Men saie that Damon and Pythias the PythagoreaÌ„s wer so affectioned one toward an other that when Dionysius the tyrauÌ„t had appointed one of them his dyeng day he who was condemned to dye had required certein dayes of respite for the disposing of his thinges the other becamme bouÌ„de body for body for his forthcoÌ„ming vpon condition that if he returned not at his daye he wolde himself dye for him Who wheÌ„ at his daye he was comme again the tyraunt wondering at their faithfulnesse required that they wolde take him in for the third in their frendship When therfore that which in freÌ„dship seemeth profitable is coÌ„pared with that which is honest let the showe of profit yeelde and honestie preuaile But when in frendship those thiges shalbe required which be not honest let religion and vprightnesse be preferd before frendship and so shal that choice of dutie be hadde which we seeke after But vnder the showe of profite in the coÌ„monweale ther is ofteÌ„times doing amisse as our men did in the razing of Corinth Sorer also delt the Athenians who made a decree that the Eginetes thombes who wer skilled in nauigation should be cutte of This was thought profitable for Egina did tomuch ouer looke PireuÌ„ by reason of the nere bordering But nothiÌ„g y t is cruell is ê“fitable For to maÌ„nes nature which we ought to folowe crueltie is most enemie They also do euill who barre straungers from vsing their citie do bannish theÌ„ as did Petronius in our fathers dayes Papius of late yeres For one to go for a citiezen who is no citiezeÌ„ it is reasoÌ„ it should not be lawfull the which law the verie wise Consuls Crassê° Sceuola did make but to forbidde straungers the vse of y â— citie it is doutlesse an vnciuil parte Those doings bee notable wherin showe of coÌ„moÌ„ profit is despised in respect ofhonestie Our coÌ„monweale is full of exaÌ„ples bothe often at other times chiefly in the secoÌ„d Punike warre which after y â— ouerthrowe takeÌ„ at Cannai had greater corages thaÌ„ euer in ê“speritie no token ther was of feare no mention of peas So greate is the force of honestie y e it dymmeth the showe of profit When the Athenians no waie were able to w tstand y â— assaulte of the Persians were determined y t leauing y â— citie settiÌ„g their wiues childern in Troâ—… they wolde take their shippes and defend the libertie of Greece with their nauie one Cyrsilus they stoned to death who persuaded w t theÌ„ to keepe still the citie and receiue â—…res And he seemed to folowe ê“fit but that was none where honestie gainstoode it Themistocles after y t victorie of y â— battail which was holden w t the PersiaÌ„s said in the opeÌ„ assemble that he had wealfull couÌ„sell for the state but it was not expedient it should be openly knowne he required that the people should assigne somme man to whome he should tell it Aristides was appointed He tolde him the nauie of the Lacedemonias which was conueyd to Gytheum might priuilie be set a fire by which acte the
haue taught y t ther is no profit which is contrarie to honestie so wee saye all voluptuousnesse is contrarie to 〈◊〉 And so much the more I take Callipho and Dinomachus worthie to be reproued who thought they should ende the coÌ„trouersie if they made a ioyning of voluptuousnesse with honestie 〈◊〉 of beast with manne Honestieadmitts not this knot but doth abhorre reiect it Nor truly the end of good euill which ought to bee after one sort may be mingled and tempered with things disagreable But hereof hitherto for it is a weightie mater in an other place discoursed more at large Now to the purpose After what sort then the mater is to be resolued if at any tyme profit in apparaunce dothe striue with honestie it is before sufficiently debated But if voluptuousnesse also be counted to haue a showe of profit it can haue no felowship w t honestie For be it so we soÌ„mewhat esteeme pleasure somme sawce perhapps it shall haue in it but surely no profit at all You haue froÌ„ your father a present sonne Mark in my opinioÌ„ verily muchworth but it shall be eueÌ„ so as ye take it Notwithstanding these three bokes ar as strauÌ„gers to be enterteined of you amoÌ„g Cratippê° notes But as ye should once haue herd me also if I had coÌ„me to Athenes which had bene done in dede but that my countrie called me backe with open mouth in the mydst of my iourney so seeyng in these volumes my voice is conueied vnto you ye shall bestowe as much time vpoÌ„ them as you may and so much you may as you wyll But when I shall vnderstande that you take pleasure in this 〈◊〉 of knowledge then I bothe present there shortly as I trust and in your absence absent will speake with you Fare you well therfore my Cicero assure yourself that you ar to me doutlesse right dere and yet farre derer shall bee if in such bookes and lessons you will sette your delite The end of Tullies bokes of duties The Table A. Academians schole 116. b. Accius verses 142. a. Accusation 82 a. 〈◊〉 74. b. Admiration for despising of money 77. b. AdmiratioÌ„ for 〈◊〉 81. b AdmiratioÌ„ for iustice 77. a. Admiration for 〈◊〉 77. a. Admiration for stayednesse 77. a. Aduise 〈◊〉 a. 〈◊〉 doing 63. a. Affection toward 〈◊〉 19. b. Affections which rulers ought to resist 33. b. Africanus 30. b. Africanus praised for a refraining hand 104. a. Africanus sayeng 35. b. Against Cesar 71. a. 〈◊〉 who offered vp his daughter 146. b. 〈◊〉 105. b. Agreeablenesse 56. b. Atax 44. b. 14. 7 b. Alexander ouer irefull his father of more humanitie 35. b. AlexaÌ„der the 〈◊〉 72. a Ambition 10. b. 34. a. 〈◊〉 156 a Amitie 126. a. Anger 34. b. 35. a. 54. a Angrinesse 35. a. 〈◊〉 108. b. Apolloes 〈◊〉 that Spartaes fall shoulde come by 〈◊〉 104. b. Apparell 51. b. Appetite 52. a. Appetite and reason in the minde 40. a. Appetites how to bee framed 40. a Appetites outragious 40. a Applieng talke to the mater 53. a Appointing vpon the kinde of life 46. a. 〈◊〉 definitioÌ„ of couine 132. a. Aratus the Sycionian a right good coÌ„monwelth man 106. a. Areopage 30. a. 〈◊〉 of Athenes 〈◊〉 this surname Just. 115. a Aristippus 3. a 156. a. Aristotcles 2. b. Aristotles iudgemente of sumptuousnesse 85. b. 〈◊〉 35. b. Artes. 68. a. Artes none can 〈◊〉 iudge of but the craftelmaster c. 115. a. Assayling of aucÌ„tures 32. b. Athenians 30. a Athenians assaulted of the Persians 127. a. Athenians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 counsell c. 127. b Attikes 41. a. Augurs 134. a. B. Baines 51. a. Bargulus 78. a. Beast 5. b. 141. a. Bellieseruers 59. a. Benefites 75. a. Benefites vpon the coÌ„mon weale 102. a. Blockishnesse 50. b. BoÌ„d of maÌ„s felowship 119. b Bragging 79. a. Braules 54. a. Bribes 103. b. Brondes of paines 77. a. Brutishnesse 25. a. Brutus did well inough in expulsing Collatinus 124. b. Building 54. b. 59. b. Byeng 128. a. C. Caius Canius 131. a. Caius Claudius 86. a. Caius Gracch a large 〈◊〉 102. b. Caiê° Cesar. 11. a. 52. b. 82. a. 89. b. 〈◊〉 a. 142. a. Caius Julius Cesar 〈◊〉 to reherse certein verses of Euripides 141. a. Caius Lelius 78. a. C. Marius 30. a. Caius Pontius 103. b. Callicratidas 33. a. Calphurmus draue Claudius to arbitre meÌ„t for concealement 134. a. Care 55. b. Care of other mennes maters 12. a. Carneades 3. a. Cato 134. a. Cato and Lelius surnamed the wise 115. a. Cato of Utica 44. a. Cato ouerstiffe 143. b. Catoes iudgement 134. b. Catoes shorte and feate saienges 41. a. Cato told what is the most profitable thing in nusbandrie 19. a. Catuli the father and the sonne 52. b. Catulus vncle 52. b. Cause of manlinesse 31. a. Causes mouing mens good Willes 70. b. Causes of good will and feare 71. a. Causes of obedience 71. a. Causes why somme breake dutie in not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 11. a. Cesar. 11. a. 52. b. 72. b. 89. b. 107. a. 〈◊〉 crueler than Sylla 73. a. Celar noted for a tiraÌ„t 44. b Cesars monarchie 64. b. 〈◊〉 side 80. a. Chaunge of life 47. b. Chaungeable course in talk 53. a. Chiualrie 80. a. 〈◊〉 53. b. Childern 23. b. 〈◊〉 in re quiting 20. a. Crysippus feate comparison 〈◊〉 a Cicero Consul 107. b. Ciceroes accusatioÌ„ of Uer res 82. a. Ciceroes Edileship 〈◊〉 a. Ciceroes Oration at 27. yeres of age c. 83. a. Ciceroes sonne 80. a. Ciceroes 〈◊〉 compared with Scipioes 110. a. Cimon 89. a. Circumstaunces 56. b. Citiematers aboue 〈◊〉 seates 29. b. Cities 69. a. 103. a. Citizen 49. a. 58. b. Citiezens 22. a. Ciuil law had in prlce with auncient rulers 89. b. Ciuil maners 58. a Claudius Centimalus coÌ„maunded to pull downe certaine houses 134 a. Clenlinesse 51. b. Cleombrotus 33 a. Cleomenes a 〈◊〉 13. b. Clerenesse 60. b. Cn. Octauius 54. b. Cn. Pompeius 30. b. Cn. Pompeius triumphed thrise c. 31. a. Colour 51. b. Commelie for 〈◊〉 49. a. Comelie for olde men 48. b Comelie manlinesse 37. b Comelienesse 37. a. 55. b. Commelinesse according to age 48. a. Comelienesse according to eche mans nature 43. b. Comelienesse a waiter vpoÌ„ honestie 37. a. Comelienesse comming by fortune 45. b. Comelienesse defined 38. a. Comelinesse deuided 〈◊〉 a. Comlienesse generall 38. a. 42 a. Commelienesse in all honestie 37. b. Comelienâ—…sse in motions of the minde 51. b. Comelieness in speche 52. a. Comelienesse in 3. pointes 49. b. Comeliness naturall 38. b Comeliness of iustice 37. b. Comeliness of teÌ„peraÌ„ce 37. b Comeliness of wisdome 37 b Comeliness particular 38. a. Comelinesse poeticall 38. b. CoÌ„melienesse taken of sette purpose 45. b. Commendation of his mater 2. b. Common 129. a. Common daungers 32. b. Common felowshippe 9. b. 62. a. 118. a. Common felowsâ—…ip to be preferred before knoweledge 60. a. CoÌ„mon iudgemeÌ„t of meÌ„ 61. a Common people 〈◊〉 a. Common profit 128. b. Common
a Hauens 67. b Health 67. a. 108. b Hecato Panetius scholar wrote 6. bokes of duties 133. a Hercules for his worthye deedes was taken for a God 118. a Hercules had a diuine gift aboue nature 46. b to Hide 129. a Hirelinges 59. a to Holde ones peas 129. a Honest. 4. b. 114. a. 116 b. 133. b more Honest. 5. a Honestie 6. b. 113. b. 122. a. 127 a. 137. b. 14. 1. b. 1â—…3 a Honestie ê“fit coÌ„pared 4. b Honestie profit repugnaÌ„t in seeming not in deede 121. b Honestie for it self either one ly or chiefly to bee desired 121. a Honestie like health of bodie 38. a Honestie onely good 26. b Honest or profitable in bargains 128. a. Honour of the citie 49. a Honour â—…eking 42. b Hortensius 86. a Hortensius Cicero loued in his life c. 137. b Hospitautic 89. a Hostis now taken for an enemye 15. b Houâ—…e of a prince 54. b Houses 67. a How he will teache 3. a How necessarie it is to be taken for iust 77. b Hurtâ—… 17. b Husbandrie 59. b. 67. a Hyeway to glorie â—…9 a I. Ianus a place in Rome c. 109. b Idle philosophers disalowed 11. b Iesting 41. a kindes of Iesting 41. a ImiratioÌ„ of worthy meÌ„ â—…0 a ImpedimeÌ„rs of maÌ„liness 2â—… b Inheritaunce 48. a. 137. b InheritauÌ„ce with condicioÌ„ to do an vnsemeiy thing 145. b Iniustice 10. a. 33. b Intelligence 52. a Intent 139. a Isocrates 2. b Iudgement 125. b Iudgement of the skilfull 57. b Iudiciall causes â—…1 b Iust. 133. b Iustice. 7. a. 39. b. 69. b. 88. b. 100. b. 119. b. 135. b Iustice a worker of glorye and 〈◊〉 77. b Iustice ciuil 14. a. Iustice generall â—… b Iustice generall aboue all 63. a. Iustice in 〈◊〉 17. b Iustice in warre 14. a Iustice particular â—… b Iustice 〈◊〉 by Epicures 157. a. Iustice toward the vanquished 32. a K. Kindelie loue 80. b. Kinges 78. b. 〈◊〉 22. a. Kinâ—…folk 23. b Knowledg 60. b. Knowledge of trouth 8. â—… Know your self 45. a. L. Labour 48. b. Labour of bodie 31. a. Lacedemonians 30. a. 72. b. 105. b. Large giftes with measure for honest causes 86. b. Laâ—…gegiuers 84. b. Large roome 55. a. Latine toung 1. b. 〈◊〉 83. b. 84. b. Law and right of mans felowship 118. b. Lawe for layeng oute of landes 104. b Law for pillage 103. b Law of nations 〈◊〉 b. Lawe of nature 21. a. 117. b. 119. a. 128. b. Lawes 68. a. 78. b. 117. b. 127. a. 136. b. Lawes ciuil 21. a. 128. b. 135. b Learned mâ—…n profitable 〈◊〉 after their death 61. b. Learning 59. b. 68. a. Leasure 110 b Lesson in all doings 29. b Letter of the law 135. a. Letters of Philippus Antipater Antigonus 81. b Liberall 85. a. Liberall endeuour â—…9 a 〈◊〉 9. a. 83. a. 87. b 〈◊〉 the second parte of generall iustice 17. b Libertie 28. a. Licurgus 30. a Lieng in bargaining 132. b. Lisander 30. a Lisander expulsed 105. b Liuelesse things 66. b. 67. a. Liuing agreeabâ—…ye to nature 114. a. Liuing thinges 66. b. 67. b. Losse of a good horse or 〈◊〉 144. a. Louelinesse 51. a Loue of coÌ„monweale 23. a. Loue of glorie 27. b. Loue of 〈◊〉 101. b Lucius Crassus 52. b. 81. a. L. Crassus the oratour 87. a Lucius Fusius 82. a. L. 〈◊〉 55. b. 86. a Lucius MuÌ„mius Achaicus 104. a Lucius Philippus vnprofitable aduise 143. a Lucius Philippus wiâ—…hout large gifâ—…s came to great dignitie 87. a L. 〈◊〉 Tribune c. 104. a. 〈◊〉 82. a 〈◊〉 scoolemaster to Epaminondas 61. b M. Magistrates 36. b Magistrates life 28. a Magistrates ought to auoid passions c. 29. a. Malice 35. a MakiÌ„g of goodes coÌ„moÌ„ 103. a Mamercus 86 a Man 5. b. 140. b. Maners 19. a. 100 b. Manhood without iustice falleth into diuerse extremes 25 a Manlie courage in citiema ters 33. b. Manlie maÌ„ not vanquished of his own affectioÌ„s 27. a. Manly maÌ„s 〈◊〉 31. b MaÌ„ly must be plaine 25. b Manitnesse 7. a. 24. b. 62. a. 147. a. 156. b. 〈◊〉 praised 24. b Manitnesse what it iâ—… 25. â—… 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 his soÌ„ne for breaking aray 154. b 〈◊〉 summoned by PoÌ„ponius 154. a Man to man doth most hurt or profit 66. b. Marcus 〈◊〉 82. a Marcus Brutus a sore accuser 82 b. M. Cato 31. b. Marcus Crassus 138. a. M. Luctatiê° Pythias 138. a Marcus Octauius in large 〈◊〉 measurable 102. b Marcus Regulus 148. a M. Scaurus 30. a. 54. b. â—…6 a Marcus Seius libeâ—…all to the people â—…6 b. Marius solde Sergius a houâ—…e 134. b Marius â—…o atteine the 〈◊〉 did against 〈◊〉 139. b Maisilia a goodlye citie oâ—… c. 73 b Mater of talk 53. a Meane duties 105. b Mea. 〈◊〉 40. a Measure in common liberalitie 21. b Measure of talke 53. b. Measure the gift by the giuers good hert 20. a Medes 78. b Medicine ministred on condition 145. b MeÌ„ alike in wisdom 14. 4. a Men newly coÌ„me vp 46. a Men of deserts 58. b Merchandise 59. b. 67. a Mery conceites 42. b 10. â—…essagers froÌ„ Annibal to the Senate 154. b 〈◊〉 es 67. a Mâ—…te men musâ—… serue the commonweaie 29. a Milde maners 44. b 〈◊〉 suppressed 〈◊〉 attemptes 86. b 〈◊〉 of priuate yfit 33. b Mâ—…rth 42. b Misgoing 47. b 〈◊〉 83. a Most part likes not the best things 26 a Motions of bodie minde 39. b Musing 57. a. III. a Mutius 81. a N. Nature 43. b. 47. a. 50. b. 136. b Nature and fortune 47. a Nature of profit 66. a Natures giftes 5. a Nauigation 67. a 〈◊〉 32. a. 86. b. 116. a Negligence 40. a New comers vp nede great vertues 80. a New tables for releasing of det 117. a. 〈◊〉 79. b Noble men must not staine theyr stocke with 〈◊〉 life 80. a Nothing agaist honestie for your frendes sake 126. b Nothing agaiÌ„st nature 48. a O. Occasion 56. a OccasioÌ„s of wroÌ„gdoing 10. a Occupations and sciences 59. a Office bearing or refusing 27. b Officers 58. b Olde age 58. b Olde maner of requiring the iudges fauour 126. a One thing to hide an other to kepe silence 130. b Opport unitie 56. a Order 49. b. 56. a Offense 100. b 〈◊〉 must either be anoyded or asswaged 100. b Ore 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the people 86. b Othe 125. b. 150. b Othe of warrefare 15. a of Othe sondrie obiections 149. b Others faultes 57. b Others life our glasse 57. b Outfinding of duties by choyse of things 4. b Owner of a ship what he may do 144. a P. Pacience 48. b Paine 151. a Panetius 35. b. 83. a. 87. a. 104. a. 116. a Panetê° defeÌ„ded 108. b. 121. b Panetius excused 121. a Panetius how he wrote of duties 112. b Partialitie 18. a. 35. a Pastime 41. b Paulus Emylius 104. a Pausanias 30. a Payment of money 101. a Peace alway to be sought 14. b Peas the end of warr 14. b Pelops 142. a Perfit
A precepte of dutie Against them that more eâ—…eme their own glorie than commoÌ„-welth Callicratides Cleombrotus Q. Fabius Ennius Manlie corage in citiematers Affections which rulers ought to resist Mynding of priuate profite Iniustice Discorde False accusâ—…tion Ambition Dissension Angeâ—… Frowardnes Malice Rigorousnes Partialitie Anger Angrinesse Prosperitie Pride Disoein Arrogancie Unmeasurablenesse Socrates and Leiâ—…us kept euer one countenauce Alexander ouer â—…refull his father of more humanitie PanetiusAfricanes sayeng Counsell of frends Flaterers Selfloue Rehersall of things afore Magistrates The quiet liuers Priuate hous holders Priuate substaunce Conclusion Of 〈◊〉 CoÌ„melinesse CoÌ„meâ—… a watter vpon 〈◊〉 â—…nesse of â—…erauÌ„ce Comelinesse in wisdom CoÌ„melinesse of iustice A coÌ„melie â—…sse CoÌ„melinesse in al honestie Honestie 〈◊〉 helth of bodie coÌ„melinesse like beautie Diuision Definition Generall coÌ„melinesse Particular coÌ„melinesse Comelinesse â—…call The persone Naturall comelinesse 〈◊〉 Shamefastnesse Duties out of coÌ„melinesse Motions of bodie and minde In the 〈◊〉 is appetite and reason 〈◊〉 Necligence Dutifull â—…ing â—…ow appetites must be framed 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Uncomely hauior of the bodie by reason of troublesome affections Our doings Pleasantnes Grauitie Iesâ—…ing Kindes of iâ—…stinâ—… Plautuâ—… The Attiks Socratians Catoes short and feate saâ—…engs Pastime â—…he excelâ—…ce of mans nature Pleasure of the bodie we must feed to liue not â—…ue to feede A generall coÌ„melinesâ—… A commune personage A persone proper to echâ—… man Difference of natures Romanes PleasauÌ„tnes Grauitie Mirtâ—… Henourseeking Greekes Merie conceites Dry moches Ernestnesse Craftienesse Plainnesse A farre fetche to coÌ„mepasse maters A suttle sufferaunce Plain dealiÌ„g Familiarness in talk Sadnesse CoÌ„melinesse according to eche man nes nature Nature A continuaâ—… euennesie of life Going to death Cato of Utica Deintie life â—…de maners Cesar noted for a tyraunt Ulysses for a tune suffered euerie thing Faire speeche Aiax Knowe yoâ—… self Plaiers A rule Persones CoÌ„melinesse comming by fortune CoÌ„melinesse taken of sette purpose Examples of the former The fourte Folowers of their auÌ„cetâ—…rs Men newly coÌ„ming vp Appointing vpoÌ„ the kindâ—… of life Hercules had a diuine gift aboue na ture Folowing of parents Folowing of the multitude The right trade Fewe take the best 〈◊〉 Nature Nature and fortune Stedfasâ—…ness Misgoing Chaunge of life The â—…ertues not the vices of elders must be folowed Nothing â—…gainst nature 〈◊〉 Comlinesse according to age Yongmenneâ—… ouâ—…es Reuerence oâ—… elders Stayednes Labour Pacience Endeuour TemperauÌ„ce Shamefastnesse what is com ly for old mâ—… Exercise of â—…nde Profiting of other Counsell wisdome Slouthe 〈◊〉 what becommes a magistrate The honâ—… of the 〈◊〉 A priuate man Egall lawe Quietnesse A citiezen A straunger Conclusion Stedfastnesse Comlinesse in thre pointes wellfauourd nesse Order Furniture Of wellfauourdnesse Shamefastnes natures scholar vnshamefastnesse Fylthynes Cynikes Thinges wordes Nature Gesture Deintynesse Blockishnes Players Baines Of fairnesse Louelinesse Portelynesse Gesture Uisage Colour Exercise Clenlynesse Apparail Goyng CoÌ„melinesse in motions of the minde Intelligence Appetite CoÌ„mlynes in speeche Uehement speeche CoÌ„mon talk Speeche Uoice Clerenesse Sweetnesse Catuli the father and the sonne Lucius Crassus Cesar. Catulus vnkle Talk Gentle Not obsâ—…inate Pleasaunt Chaungeable courâ—…e Applieng to the mater Sagenesse 〈◊〉 Sclaundeâ—…ig The mater of talke Delectation Measure 〈◊〉 of the minde Chyding Anger Rebuking Braules Grauitie 〈◊〉 Of furniture A princes house The vse The buyldig Cneus Octauius 〈◊〉 Large 〈◊〉 Costlynesse Ensample Lucius Lucullus Three rules â—…n mennes do â—…nges Reason Care Comelynes Of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Placing Order Place Opportunitie Occasion Discretioâ—… Prudence CircumstauÌ„ces Agreablenesse Pericles Sophocles 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Deedes musâ—… be like tunes CouÌ„tenauÌ„ce Speaking Others life our glasse Others liâ—…e The iudgement of the â—…kilfull The commoâ—… people Ciuil maners Philosophers Men of desertes Olde age Officers The citezen The strauÌ„ger Felouâ—…ip Of occupacions â—… 〈◊〉 Gainings Tolfarmers Ufurers Hirelinges Retailers Handycraftesmen Belliseruers Pleasurefeeders Physiâ—… Building Lerning Marchaundise â—…ulbandrie Comparison of honest thinges Common felouship â—…ust be preferred before knowledge The. â—… argument The. 2 arg Prudence Sapience Knowledge Dooing The. 3. arg The common iugement oâ—… menne The. 4. arg The ende oâ—… conteÌ„plation The â—…udeÌ„tes life profitable to the coÌ„monweale Lâ—…s scholemaiâ—…er to Epaminonvas Plato to Dion Lorlled men profitable euen after their death CoÌ„ceiuing of maters Eloquence Common felouship 〈◊〉 Prudence Conclusion 〈◊〉 sometime is aboue the particular 〈◊〉 Juâ—…ice geâ—…rallie aboue all Aduiseâ—… doing Degrees of duties loÌ„ging to iustice The order of his treating The preface 1. part The coÌ„tentâ—… of this boke Profit 2. part why he gaue hâ—…self to â—…udie philosophie Caesars monarchiâ—… â—…ullies orations The euerâ—…irring soule Time borowed for â—…udie Praise of pâ—…losophie wisdom Tullies boke called Hortensius now loâ—… Of his sect his libertie in writing As the Pyrrhonians Tullies Academicall disputations Exhortation to his sonne The treatise Account of his order in the holle woorke The presente purpose The nature of profit A diuision of things profitable and vnprofitable Liuelesse Liuing Uoide of reason Hauing reasoÌ„ God Man to man dothe most hurt or profit Things liuelesse Helth. Nauigation Husbandrie MerchauÌ„dise Stones Metalls Houses Water Hauens LiuiÌ„g things The vse of 〈◊〉 Arts. Physiâ—… CoÌ„mâ—… gouernment Cities Lawes Customes The eruelnes of men one against another Dicearchus booke of the death of meÌ„ By vertue must men bee wonne to our vse Uertue släds in three points Wisdow Tempâ—…uÌ„ce 〈◊〉 The stroke of forâ—…ne Causes moouing mennes good wills Causes of Obedience Of good will and feare Against Caesar The endes of â—…aunts Feare Dionysius the tyraunt a moÌ„g the Syracusians AlexaÌ„der the Pheraian Thebe this 〈◊〉 wife Phalaris Cesar. Demetrius Lacedemonians The Romanes state Sylla the vic tors cruâ—…ltie against the â—…arians Cesar crueller than Sylla Mastilia a goodlie citie of Gallia NarboneÌ„sis by Cesar borne aboute in triumph Syllaes and Cesars salestaffe Certein exceptions Frendship Tullies boke of frendship His bookes of glorie be â—…ost Thinges per teâ—…ing to glorie Good will Credit Admitation Of getting good will Benefites Good hert EstimatioÌ„ for honestie How to get a credit Prudence with iustice Prudence withoute iustice is suspected why he seuereth vertues coupled by nature That wee may be reckened worthie of honour 〈◊〉 things DespisemeÌ„t DespisemeÌ„t Admiracion for â—…tayedness Pleasures â—…terâ—…g dames Brondes of paines Admiration for 〈◊〉 Admiration for iustice Admiration for despysing of money Iustice a worker of â—…oue glorie Mans ayde How necessarie it is to be takeÌ„ for iust Robberie Laweâ—… oâ—… theeues amonge themselues Bargulus Uiriatus Caius 〈◊〉 The Mebes Kinges Lawes Right Socrates The hye way to glorie Faining Bragging Tyberius Gracchus Tyberius Caius Gracchâ—… bothe siayne for sedition Preceptes of purchasing glorie Youth Nobilitie Noble men musâ—… not stain their sâ—…ocke with reâ—…rochefull life New commers vp need great vertueâ—… Great câ—…rage Rules of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 sonne Cesars side 〈◊〉 side workes of the minde Sobernesse 〈◊〉 loue Good will Iinitation of worthie men Butâ—…s 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in 〈◊〉 youthe goâ—… a greate
fame 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Caius 〈◊〉 Eloquence Talke 〈◊〉 speeche Eloquence Genile 〈◊〉 Letters of Philippus Antipater Antigonus Admiration for 〈◊〉 Grauitie Sobernesse Iudiciall cau ses Accusation Defence L. Crassus M. Anton. P. 〈◊〉 Luculli Ciceroes accusation of Uerres Julius Cesar L. Fusius M. Brutus a â—…ore accuser Panetius Defence Ciceroes oration at 27. yea res of his age for 〈◊〉 Roscius Liberalitie Trauail Money Lauishing â—…ing Philiphus to Alexander Giftes giuiÌ„g wastefulnes Extortion Couetise Prodigalitie Lauishnesse Large giuers Foolelarge Liberallâ—… Theophrastus praiseth sumptuousnesse Aristotles iudgement of sumptuousnesse The â—…lles office Publius Crassus the riche Lucius Crassus the oratour Q. Mutius Sceuola C. Claudius Lucullus Hortensiusâ—… Silanus P. Lentulus Scaurus Pompeius Mamercuâ—… Large giftes with measure and for honest causes Orestes feasted the people M. Seius liberall to the people Milo suppressed Clodius atteÌ„ptes Necessitie Profit L. Philippus who without any large giftes came to great digniâ—…ies Cotta Curio Ciceroes Edileship In what thinges such cost is better bestowed Panetius Demetrius Phalereus discoÌ„mended Pericles Tullies bokes of a commonweale now lost Liberalitie Relefe to the miserable Worthinesse Enniusâ—… 〈◊〉 nesse Crassus oration Iustice. Gentlenesse Sâ—…mewhat to remitt of a manns owne right Hospitalitie Theoprhastâ—… Cimonâ—… Liberall endeuour Aduise Counselâ—… Ciull lawe had in price with aunciâ—…t rulers Ceâ—…ar Eloquence a grace moste coÌ„mendable Discontinuaunce of eloquence Of smaller trauail also how fauour is wonne Justice Oâ—…ence Offence must either be â—…uoided or â—…uaged Trauail for the poore rather than the riche Maners Estate To paâ—…e money To render thankes The riche The poore Set the good before the riche Themistocles Loue of riches Discerne meÌ„ by their vertue not by their fortune In a shamefull cause no trauail is to be spent Benefiteâ—… vpoÌ„ the commonweale The holâ—…e Euerâ—…eone Caius Gracchus to large a giuer Marcus â—…ctauius in large gifts measurable Philippus a people-pleaser Making of goodes common Countries Cities Exacting of tributes is to be auoided Store of necessarie thinges Couetousnesse Caius Pontius Bribes A lawe for pillage Luciê° Pisoâ—… Tribune of the people when Censorinus and Manilius wer CoÌ„suls Panetius Africanus praysed for â—… refrayning hand Paulus Emilius Scipio Emylianus who was called Africanus minor L. Mummiê° Achaicus Coriâ—…thus Couetousnesse a verie fowle vice Apolloes answer that Spartaes fall should coÌ„me by couetise A refraining hand Stayednesse The lawe for laying out of landes Concorde Equitie Fauour The Lacedemonians Lysander expulsed Agis slayne Gracchi lost by laÌ„dstrifes Aratus the â—…icyonian a right good coÌ„mâ—… eaithman Equitie Unlawfull paâ—…ting of landes The neew tables for releaâ—…ing of det Faithfulnesse Cicero Consul Caesar. Conclusion Waie prepared to the resâ—… Antipater Panetius defended â—…fhelth Priuate goodes Xenophons boke oâ—… ordering an housholde Of two profitable things wâ—…ether is the more profitable 〈◊〉 tâ—…lde whâ—…t is the Usurie Referring of the mater to 〈◊〉 A place in Rome so called bicause Ianus images wer there to bee sene The preface 1. part why he spâ—…ds his vacant time in philophie A â—…eate sayeng of Scipio touching leasure and solitarinesse His own vacatioÌ„ compared with Scipioes Leasure Solitarinessâ—… Good oute of euill 〈◊〉 Writing ExhortatioÌ„ to his sonne Philosophie Duties His sonnes scholemaister His 〈◊〉 His bringing vp The treatise He remoueth 〈◊〉 supplâ—…eng the perceil â—…hat his auâ—…hour did not prosecute How ' 〈◊〉 wrote of duties Possidonius Panetius scholar P. Rutilius Ruâ—…us Paneâ—â€¦ê° scholar The notable image of Uenus whose hedde onelie Apelles finished and left her bodie nomore but shadowed The Stoiks appoint one thing onelie good the Peripatâ—…tiks make an order of good thigs Profit â—…onestie Good Honest. To liâ—…e agreably to nature The true vertue is onelie in perfite wisemen The meane duties The perfite dutie Of arts none can 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 iudge but the craftâ—…master and of vertue none but the wiâ—…e â—…ecii the father and the sonne Scipioes bre theâ—… Fab. a despiâ—…er of golde 〈◊〉 of a thens deier â—…ed this surnâ—…me â—…ust Cato Lelius surname â—… the wiâ—…e The. vii wise masters of Greece Epicureans Panetius To be wont To do of necessirie what to determin â—…here profite seems to striue with honestie why he folowes chieflie the Sâ—…oikes Honest. Profitable The Academian schole A precept of iustice Profit by an other maÌ„s dis commoditie The felowship of men Comparison betwene maÌ„s societie the partes of his bodie Lawes The lawe of nature Great corage Common 〈◊〉 wrong doing is against nature CommoÌ„ safetie Hercules for his worthie deedes was takeÌ„ as a god Doing of iniurie The law and right of maÌ„s felowship The lawe of nature The right of mans societie muâ—… be kept not onli with 〈◊〉 but also with all men vniuersallie The bond of mans felowship Iustice. Questions 〈◊〉 Selflyking Selfloue 〈◊〉 He excuseth Panetius He requireth one principle to be graunted him Ponessie for itself either oneâ—…y or chief lie to â—…e desired Panetius defended RepugnauÌ„ce in seeming not in deede bitweene honestie profit Profit from 〈◊〉 is not tâ—… be seâ—…ered Dishonestie A â—…owe of profit Honestie â—…inhonest profit mother of all iuischief The 〈◊〉 of shame In a shamefull mater shamefull is the verie deliberation A golden pre cept The tale of the 〈◊〉 â—…oyges In plaâ—…oes second boke of a common-weale The meaning of this fable The thing that 〈◊〉 profitable Brâ—…tus did wellynough in expulsing 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 did not well â—…n that he slewe Remus Romulus Quirinus we must seke our owne pro fit withoute others hurt A feate comparison made by Chrysippus Nether denie nor graunt your frend euery thing Set not your profit before frendship 〈◊〉 Othe Iudgement The olde maner of requiring the iudges fauour Amitie Conspiracie Damon and Pythias a notable couple of frendes For your fren des sake do nothing against honeslie For a commo weale howfarreforthe we must do Crueltie of Athenians to Egineâ—…es Egina an yle right ouer against Attica Porte PireuÌ„ by Athenes Straungers Crassus and Sceuola Consuls Profit Honestie The Romanes stoutnâ—…e in the second Punik warre Athenians assaulted of the Persians Cyrsilus 〈◊〉 a notable harbrow for ship pes with the Lacedemonians The Athenians refused Themistocles counsell in a generall summe 〈◊〉 by Aristides A conclusion that no vnhonest thing is profitable In bargains what is honest or profitable A question of a cornmerchaunt Byeng Selling. A pleasaunt disputation bit wene Diogenes and Antipater Antipaters opinion Diogenes Ciuil lawe Antipater Lawe of nature Common profit Diogenes To hyde To hoide ones peas Antipateâ—… Common Diogenes Priuatâ—… A question of selliÌ„g a house Antipater Diogenes 〈◊〉 opinioÌ„ touching these questions One thing it is to hyde an other to kepe silence Shame to hide a thing that is more â—…ame to lye in a thing that is not A merie tale how a greeke 〈◊〉 a Romane C. Canius Pythius Aquilius definuion of couine False pretâ—… Dâ—…mulatioÌ„ Couine ponnishable Termes of lawe wherin couine staÌ„deth Lyeng in bargaining Sceuolaes conscience in