but at such times as the enimie is manifestly discouered The occasion of the Alarme being certaine at which time being retyred they must vnite themselues togither with the souldiers of the gard that they may all wholy in one companie execute that which shall fall out best for their purpose which is to retyre fighting or skirmishing to the Campe according to ordinarie custome notwithstanding by the order and appointment of those which haue authoritie to command them as their Captaine Sergeant Maior c. but neuer otherwise He ought moreouer to be circumspect that in the body of the watch a solemne secrete silence be kept without singing brawling or any rumour or noise and specially in the night both in respect of the enimie to heare when the Alarme is giuen and to the intent that those which rest sléepe and are not yet in Sentinel may be the more apt to resist apply themselues to these factions exercises which are required of them with vigilant watchfulnes since a man cannot without great difficultie remaine without sléepe or rest any much longer time then our nature is accustomed by ordinarie course to beare and therfore at the entrance of the corps de gard he ought likewise to kéepe a proper Sentinel appertaining to the gard that neither friend nor enimie comming out of the Campe or else where shall be able to enter without yeelding the watchword and in this sort must the Corporall proceed euen vntill the Diana be sounded through all the Campe. For other respects I finally refer him to my following discourse which togither with that written before it is requisite he haue in perfect memorie as well as the priuate souldier Sixe speciall points appertaining to souldiers of all sorts IT is written in the Historie of Pietro Bizari touching the incredible and maruellous obedience of the Turkish souldiers that a certaine Gentleman at his returne from Constantinople did declare vnto the Earle of Salma that he had seene foure myracles in the Turkish dominions which was first an infinite armie almost without number consisting of more then foure hundred thousand men Secondly that amongst so many men he saw not one woman Thirdly that there was no mention made of wine And last at night when they had cryed with a hye voice Alla which is God there continued so great a silence through the whole campe that euen in the Pauilions they did not speak but with a low soft voice a thing worthie to be admired to the great shame of the confusion of Christians therefore if the infidels obserue such strict discipline why should not we that be Christians indeuour our selues to surpasse them therin and begin with the Spaniard the Salue and Auemaria which they vse thrise throughout their whole campe recommending themselues and their affaires to God with great reuerence and silence which I would wish to be continued vntill the diana when togither with the sound of the drummes the same might be with a chéerefull crie renued But togither with silence to set downe certaine other vertues take them here as I finde them written Silence In all places of seruice such silence must be vsed that souldiers may heare friends and not be heard of enimies as well in watch ward ambush canuisado or any other exploit in which point consisteth oftentimes the safetie or perdition of the whole Campe. Obedience Such obedience must be vsed that none regard the persons but the office to them appointed diligently obseruing the same any offending to the contrarie runneth into the danger of the law for longer then obedience is vsed and maintained there is no hope of good successe Secretnesse Souldiers must be secrete and haue regard that they disclose nothing though sometimes they vnderstand the pretence of the hier powers The disclosers of such merite most cruell punishment Sobrietie In Sobrietie consisteth great praise to the souldiers who vsing the same are euer in state of preserment such regard their duties and reproue the rash busibodies Drunkerds c. are euer in danger of punishment Hardinesse The Captaines and souldiers that be hardie of courage be much auailable in seruice specially such as will ponder what may be the end of their enterprise Some in times past haue hardly giuen the onset and after repented the same but the praise of the aduised cannot be expressed Truth and Loyaltie The vertue of loyaltie and truth is farre excéeding my capacitie to write the practises of the contrarie are not worthie of life but to be soone adiudged Subtile enimies approue to corrupt souldiers with giftes and the diuell to entrap them with the swéete intising baites of lewd libertie But since the reward of truth is euerlasting life the vntrue and dissembler looseth the same in continuall darkenesse I trust none of our countrimen will learne the one for the other will be false to his soueraigne or flée from the assured piller of the Catholike faith from which God kéepe all good souldiers How a souldier may maintaine obedience and keepe himselfe in the fauour and good grace of his Captaine and Generall A Good souldier ought to haue consideration that since due orders and lawes are the assured foundation stay of euerie state and contrariwise discord and disobedience the ruine of all Realmes so that aboue all things a well gouerned Generall and a carefull Captaine ought prudently to foresée that their Campe and souldiers be paid and punished with equall execution of iustice not respecting person yeelding to the offenders punishment and reward to the vertuous depressing vice and exalting vertue vsing commendation to the good and correction to the euill ioyned with admonishments of magnanimitie the which if they preuaile not to chastise them and as the good husband doth plucke the wéeds out of the good corne to the intent that they by their wicked pernicious example do not infect the rest consequently doth prouide that no fault passe vnpunished nor no valorous act vnrewarded by which meanes he becomes scared fauoured obeyed and beloued of all the armie euen so on the other side the good natured souldier must euer haue respect to keepe the bondes of modestie towards his superiour and yéeld many thankes to God that he hath giuen him so iust and vertuous a Captaine and General towards whom he must alwayes yeeld like obedience that the sonne doth to the father being bound so to do by the diuine law without shewing himselfe opposite to the order of generall iustice nor ingratefull for his receiued benefites but continually by his good guiding in the one and the other giue his Captaine iust cause to loue and like wel of him Souldiers be euer bound to obey the iustice and commandements of their superiours and the superiours likewise to embrace the obedience of their souldiers whilest he doth sée himselfe honoured and obeyed of them either in déeds or words in earnest or dissembling Although the general or captaine were a right Sardanapalus so that his lawes
be alwaies good to match some Hargabuse or Musketeare together with pikemen as well that they may be the better able to defend themselues as also by the discharge of their hargabuze to giue warning to the rest if any of them should happen to be surprised by the enemie This officer ought to be both diligent painefull considering how great a charge dependeth vpon these scouts no lesse theÌ„ the preseruation or destruction of the whole campe and therefore he ought continually both day night either himselfe in person or by some other of great trust in his absence from time to time to peruse and examine the order and demeanour of these Scoutes and courriers giuing order for reformation of all that he shall finde amisse and so soone as he shall receiue any intelligence forthwith to aduertise the Lord High Marshall This officer in the auncient Romaine warres was neuer in vse for they would neuer admit any watch without the trenches of their campe but obserued this order that euery night one third part of the armie remained armed the other two thirds tooke their rest and this armed part they deuided into 4 quarters and appointed to euerie watch of the night one quarter which went and walked continually about the trenches of the Campe to heare and sée if they could discerne any noise or stirring néere the Campe the other thrée quarters resting in the meane time returned to the place of assemblie And when the first watch of the night was ended then departed an other quarter to the reléefe of the watch and the quarter that had watched returned to the place of assemblie And thus they continued reléeuing the watch vntill day so that the enemie could neuer approch their campe but they found one third part in armes who were able to kéepe them play vntil the rest had put themselues in order But after that Militarie discipline grew to corruption that souldiors neglecting honor and securitie would no longer abide the hardnesse and the seueritie of the auncient discipline they inuented this kind of forren scoute that the paines of a few might leaue the rest at ease But what mischiefe hath and may thereby ensue histories will shew vs and common reason may soone teach vs. Therefore in time of danger and suspect of the enemie I would notwithstanding the forren scoutes and left sentinels vse this Romaine diuision and strong order of watch The office of the high Marshall of the field or maister of the Campe. SUndry famous writers affirme that a Prince dooth no lesse execute his kingly authoritie dignitie when with a sincéere iudgement and equall ballance he dooth chastise offendors and oppresse malefactors then when by good gouerment and clemencie herewardes the meritorious and exalts and raiseth vp those that be good Therefore the Knight Marshall of the field being created with entire and full authority in his office ought to prouide that assured iustice be ministred in the armie and that he heare and determine controuersies and punish disorders no lesse then is vsed in the gouernment of a well ordered cittie state or kingdome since that in an armie there commonly be such men of excellent qualitie that they for the most part merit the gouernment of great kingdomes and monarchies For this respect he ought to prouide himselfe of Auditors and Pretâ—…res of sufficient excellencie and that they be of good practise learned and such as be resolute in the knowledge and rules of iustice Neuerthelesse conformable to the stile and order vsed in the lawes and exercise of armes and that can thereby vnderstand decide and giue sentence touching all causes and martial lawes since that men of warre are not bound of dutie to obserue any thing but that which is ordained them of their Captaine generall being principally grounded vpon naturall reason and the same to be published by open proclamation that the whole campe may haue notice thereof and to obserue and haue in reuerence the holy Cannons of the Catholike Christian lawes the which in respect of the cause and casualties of death is chéefly to be respected He must prouide himselfe of a prouost which hath knowledge and skill in that profession and that he haue about him a conuenient number of coadiutors and amongst them one to be the executor of iustice It is very requisite he take order that the said prouost with his folowers familie yea euen he that doth execute iustice that is to say the hangman go in their apparrell ciuilly and not abiectly as some in sundry countries are accustomed to the end that they may be accounted of reputation in their office and obeyed as of dutie is conuenient for the ciuilitie of habite and apparrell amongst the greatest part of people carries and procures a certaine credit and respect although besides their office ought publikely to bee pronounced with a generall proclamation vnder paine of life to bee obeyed He ought to prohibite all souldiors except the sergeants who for diuers respects ought to haue their weapons at hand that they do not carrie their weapons in the campe at what time soâ—…uer as pikes halberds muskets or caliuers or any others therby to preuent and auoid as much as may be the slaughters and treasons which in like places men of naughtie nature are accustomed to worke one against another In respect whereof it is necessary for him to banish all quarrels by all possible means to barre the rehearsall and pursuites of discords in time of war the which carries with it great disquiet and hinderance to the principall intent and dutie which a discréete and practised souldiour is bound vnto for there hath bin found many which haue departed from their owne nations cities houses and followed the warres not with minds to do seruice nor to become expert in the exercise of armes neither to become of account amongst other men of valoure whereby they might afterwards merit a conformable recompence equall to their vertue and valiancie but they are caried thither with a determination to liue as néere as they can licentiously or rather to kill their fathers enemies to reuenge some priuate quarrell c. and so execute traiterous slaughters in place of obeying and susteining iustice whereas it is the part of all good souldiors to maintaine the due execution thereof and to punish the contemners Merchants victualers artificers and such others as bring wares to the campe he must take order that they be courteously fauourably vsed to the intent that they may vtter their wares willingly safely foreséeing that they be paid with good money vsing towards them a louing countenance procuring them a conuoy sufficient gard as well for their coÌ„ming as for their departing to the intent they may with good wils be occasioned to returne the more spéedely so remaine altogether satisfied without suspect of being robbed or spoiled of théeues and flibutors for which he ought diligently sufficiently to prouide since that by
but doth imploy his industrie to preferre his princes profite by great reason in time of peace he ought to be aduanced and maintained by them and much the more for himselfe is to vse all his indeuour to compasse his owne commoditie and thereby make manifest his proper vertue the which doth not consist in outward appearance of valour and discretion but in the true action thereof agréeable to his honorable profession A souldier must apparell himselfe in the warres with cloth of fresh coulour profitable and commodious amongst the rest red murrey tauney and scarlet makes a galant shew in the fielde which he must weare to honour the Militarie profession and for his most fit and apt wearing and not to hinder the disposition of his members as doth our great bumbasted and bulstered hoose which not many yeares since hath béene vsed but in stéede of them a straite brabantie and gascaine is to be weâ—…ne togither with a close Cassocke which may shield both his 〈◊〉 tuchboxe his match and péece from raine if néede be whereby he may be readie to execute any enterprise he is commanded to performe and that of necessitie he ought to do and so arme himselfe in other respectes that he may redily do any seruice he is assigned vnto He must be willing to put in proofe all things commanded without making replie or denying any one thing or deferring â—… matter from one time to another either for feare of spoiling or spotting his apparel in foule way or foule weather or that he shal not be able to inioy commodious lodging store of victuals such other respects not to be estéemed of but worthy great reprehension Therefore it is requisite he practise himselfe first of all to be a perfect priuate souldier before he be drawne to the desire of bearing office which were to set the cart before the horses and worke by contraries For first we must learne to guid and then is it lawfull to gouerne But it is no new thing nor to be maruelled at that some men are accustomed to obtaine charges by vnlawfull and indirect meanes I will not say that they vse them accordingly Therefore to merite a charge it is alwayes farre more excellent and more conuenient to winne them by desert then to enter thereinto by intrusion for those that doe not beg them do feele in themselues their proper sufficiencie where contrariwise they are a heauie burthen to those that know them not although with great instance they haue procured sought for them Which want and vnwarie dealing in this our age peraduenture procéeds of the small néede the world séemes to haue of good souldiers at this day and of the little experience most men in our time haue of the art of warre or at least wise our superiours are blinded with the sweete baites of couetousnesse chiefe cause of such elections Yet this notwithstanding we ought to retaine with al reuerence the honour credite due to an expert and good souldier who with diligence being sought for selected as neere as is possible ought to haue the most choseÌ„ charges and expeditions giuen to their gouernmeÌ„t To the end those affaires may fal out happily to the honor of their nation profite of their Prince whilest he doth follow the wars or is in Campe let him carrie as little baggage with him as is possible that he may be the more nimble and light of bodie spéedie in his iourney or marching and the more apt for all enterprises During the warres or else not he ought to weare in some conuenient place of his garments that is most apparant to the view of the band a token red crosse or scarfe whereby in skirmishes and other attemps he is to be knowne of what part he is The Emperials vse a red scarfe Englishmen saint Georges crosse the French the white crosse 〈◊〉 or such a signe as the Generall of the fielde shall make choice of which he ought to doe willingly thereby to remoue suspition out of the mind of his Captaine and Chieftaines that they néede not to stand in doubt of him and for diuers other worthie respects since that by these and like manifest meanes the souldier shewes inward faith loyaltie to the officers and Captaines which gouerne But if otherwise they carrie the said token and marke loose at their necke brest armes or any other place it giues matter and occasion of doubt touching their sidelitie specially being but newly entertained since that not being made fast they may easily cast away or hide the same in time of perill or doubtfull fight which suspicion ought diligently to be remoued by him which carrieth an entire desire and full intent to deale truly loyally He ought likewise to beware vnder paine of great punishment for running from one campe to another for what occasion soeuer shal vrge him to it but is bound to serue that partie with which he doth first place himselfe euen vntill the ende of the warres I haue séene it likewise not lawfull that a captaine should receiue into his seruice a souldier that is departed from another Captaine of the same faction and this was obserued to the end that souldiers should be kept obedient and stedfast vnder their Ensigne where first they haue placed themselues Prouided alwayes that their Captaines intreate them honestly and well which is to be decided by the Marshall of the field Neuertheles so often as a souldier is forced of necessity to leaue the warres he ought not to depart out of his seruice but by the speciall lycence of his captain accompanied with an autentike pasport of his good seruice so shal he shun many coÌ„fusions which are great occasions of scaÌ„dals infinite troubles by means wherof he may fréely make relation of the good seruice he hath done and boldly shew himselfe before any mans face He ought to take special care that he be not the beginner and occasion of any discordes and mutinies neither consent therevnto what reason soeuer should lead him thereunto since that such peruerse proceeding doth not agrée with the worthie noble and famous art of war which is a dangerous discredite to such malefactors and for the most part without any recouerie doth procure the generall ruine of many valiant Captaines mightie armies And therfore ruffians and common hackers that liue idle in the stréetes at home and follow the wars onely for spoile are most vnfit to make souldiers for experience makes manifest that they are the onely cause of mutinâ—…s so that one such is able to corrupt and disorder a whole band Wherefore a good souldier ought rather to applie himselfe to suffer things impossible then commit so great an error for by the one great honour and praise shall redound vnto him and by the other vile act he shall gaine manifest blame and assured death for such notable errors without any remission or any pity as in part I haue before touched and her easter in the marshal
lesse punishment to euerie one that doth offend without anie remission or forgiuenesse or regard of bloud degrée kindred or friendship specially at the beginning to lie in campe whereby the army may the better be set in good order and to make it fearefull of God of iustice and of the Generall with loue and feare The execution heereof onely appertaineth to the Maister of the Campe for the hearing ordering and determining of causes of iustice vnder the Generall as the Lieutenant of a Citie or Towne deputie for the prince For the maister of the Campe is the chief of the orders who hath place in the field in many things as principall next to the Generall who hath the chiefe gouernment in pitching the campe and dislodging Briefly from the General downward it is the greatest charge and burden that is in the armie and therfore it is requisite that he haue good knowledge and remembrance of all the orders whereby the warres is to be gouerned and that he be of good practise and experience and duly obeyed But such cases as are capital and of great importance should be heard and determined by the Generall and his iudges It sufficeth that God is the knower and determiner and next vnto him his deputies vpon earth who failing to do iustice either for zeale loue or hatred shal yéeld account thereof before the diuine iudge and this law cannot be auoided by vs but we shal be cited and called by way of appeale Briefe notes of other meane offices as Drums Fifes Surgeans and the Clarke of the Band. DRums and Fifes must be chosen of able qualities and personage secret and ingenious skilfull in the sound and vsing of their instruments which must warne as the mouth of a man to all intentes of seruice diligent in times conuenient to instrust souldiers in the same that none by ignorance neglect their duties These be ofteÌ„times sent on messages importing charge which of necessitie require languages sometimes to summon or command the enemies to render sometimes carrie ransomes or redeeme or conduct prisoners Many other thinges to them do appertaine as before is rehearsed c. A chyrurgion is necessary to be had in euerie band who ought to be an honest man sober and of good counsell skill in his science able to heale and cure all kind of sores wounds griefes to take a bullet out of the flesh and bone and to slake the fire of the same and that he haue all his tooles and instrumentes with other necessarie stuffe as oyles balmes salues stepâ—…es roulers bolsters splenters and all other things to the science belonging which also ought to haue courage for his patient and allowed stuffe he shall readily imploy his industrie vpon the soâ—…e and wounded and not intermedling with others to his own charge noisome Such be placed with the ensigne and lodged neere to the captaine and neere their balâ—…rickes in time of fight which by law of the field is their charter The Clarke of a band would be a man chosen of a discréete behauiour such a one as hath the vse of his penne and skilfull in Arithmaticke who must haue a booke in the which hee must write all the names of the souldiers appertaining to the band diuiding euerie weapon by themselues that they may be the redier to be mustred otherwise to be placed in order of march at watch and ward the clarke must be attentiue with his booke to call euery mans name to sée who is absent and that certificate thereof be made vnto the captaine who must as before is rehearsed without sicknesse or some licence of the head officers see him or them punished to the example of all others He must sometimes in the watch and ward read vnto the souldiers the Militarie lawes and directions causing first a solemne silence to be made and then proceede in reading examining and conferring with euerie particular and common souldier touching his memorie of these thinges for his full instruction Also the Clarke is to take charge of the captaines munition who seeing it deliuered vnto the souldiers must take note how much is deliuered vnto whom and what daie of the moneth it is deliuered with the prise Likewise he must repayre to the Clarke of the victuals and by the Captains warrant receiue such bread beere and other victuals as is to be had and to deliuer it to those that shal be thought by the Captaine to be of credite to victuall the band by the princes price and to take tickates of them as well for that it is deliuered vnto them as what they doe deliuer vnto souldiers Also he must in the captaines name and by his warrant repaire vnto the merchantes and other artificers and take such wares as the officers and souldiers haue need of who must at the paie daie by the Captaine be answered Also prouided that the victualler alloweth but the Souldier six pence a daie the ouerplus goeth to their paiment of furniture and apparell The Clarke must oft peruse the tickates to see that no more be deliuered them their wages come to that the captains therby receiue no losse The clark ought to inquire when any be departed this world also when any be slaine and discharged the band and to make a iust note thereof wherby certificate may be made to the muster master that the Prince in no wayes may be hindered neither the Captaines by the victuallers receiue any detriment or losse Finally he must vpon the report of the Corporals or other officers finde and procure of the Captaines reliefe for the sicke and wounded souldiers and prisoners which ought to be redeemed out of the enimies hand The Prelates charge that takes care of souldiers of the Band. TO knit vp this first discourse of Militarie directions and martiall lawes special care must be had to prouide one man amongst the many scores of souldiers that may gouerne and direct in spiritual causes who ought to be wise learned honest sober patient and of exemplare life who must offer vp dayly sacrifice of thankes for his whole companie must instruct them to be penitent confessant and restore to euerie man his right to communicate in Catholike and Christian manner so often as they can chiefly at speciall times appointed by the Church and before any dangerous attempt to feede them with holesome foode of learned instructions wherein they may learne how to liue and so consequently to teach their companies their dueties towards God and their Prince and to giue ghostly counsel and spirituall reliefe vnto the sicke wounded weake in bodie or in conscience and that such be well armed with spirituall armour that is with good knowledge and good liuing readie to perswade them manfully to withstand their enimies the flesh the diuel the world and desperation putting them in sure hope through the equitie of their cause their conformitie to the church and their firme faith in our sauiour Iesus Christ to enter into the campe of euerlasting life
shall by the Prouost Martiall bée punished as Rebels of what calling or degrée soeuer they bée Two of these are appointed to the placing and ordering of shot and the other two for the â—…mbattelling of the Pikes and Halberdes who according to their worthines if death happeneth are to succéede the Sergeant Maior The Office appertaining to the Sergeant Maior generall DEw order and politike proportion by how much they bée necessarie in all humane affaires by so much more the weightie office of the Sergeant Maior generall is to bée had in estimation for vpon his charge aucthoritie doth depend only the good ordering of all causes but also the forme fashion and execution of the most principall matters for the readie and expedient seruice of the armie And likewise of ech other assemblie that is made through occasion of defence or offence of whaâ—… number of souldiers soeuer the which if this worthy Officeâ—… should want can neuer bée brought to passe and performed in such requisite sort as is conuenient Since that he is that person neutrall who doth kéepe together in accord the Captaines other Officers and souldiers manie times abused by their particular companie charge and offices more then is honest oâ—… conuenient And in effect it is hée that holdes a iust and equall ballance amongst the souldiers of euery in the Armie Prouided alwaies that it bée in those warlike affaires that are subiect â—…o order how to kéepe and obserue the same and such like matters and not in those things that appertaine to iustice and the rest of the office of the Marshal generall of the field as I meane to touch in the discourse of his Office Therefore this great Officer ought to haue certain sufficient and old trained souldiers about him to bée his continuall aide that is fower Corporals which may bée his consorts and coadiutors and in absence succéede him both in office and aucthority So that the Sergeant Maior by meanes of the aucthority giuen him by his Prince and through that which of custome hée doth carie by his office It is necessarie hée obserue diligent artificiall and readie meanes not only to maintain the said aucthoritie but requisitely to augment the same in the minds hartes of the Captaines of the officers souldiers contained vnder his charge and expedition to the end that in those orders fashions of squadrons battailes which hée hath determined with him selfe to vse or in those hée is to execute by the commaundement of his Captain general hée may haue such entire ready obedience as is requisite wtout the which what great diligence soeuer hée can vse is not sufficient to make any affaires or enterprises come to good issue in this important office the which might bée proued by many examples passed if wée would examine them It is most necessarie for him in his office to presuppose with himself consider of foresée al chances causes before the euent therof succéede before hand to foretell take order with others what is requisite to bée executed considering the time wherin he is to work is for the most part very short since ordinarily it doth fall in suddain rumors of Alarums so that in this hastie occasion of breuitie it is conuenient he procéede expediently orderly and readily not béeing dismaied of the enimies presence for the most part of all his actions are to bée performed euen in the face of the enimie Wherefore if hée did not gouerne himselfe warely politikely prouided with good consideration and if hée had not ordained before hand what is to bée done neuer any thing amongst so many things which hée ought to performe with perfection would succéede with happie felicitie for particularly in that time that Alarum is giuen to the souldiers vniuersally entire attention is not giuen vnto that which is commanded for the eares of all are occupied part with the rumor noise part through the clashing and clattering of the armour weapons they weare with other confusions that arise but béeing of a quicke inuention hée may suddainly perceiue and conceiue the nature situation order of the enimies aray altering and disposing accordingly his owne Besides this it is very conuenient for him to know distinctly how many Collonels priuate Captains there bée in the army of what qualitie kind their conduct guiding is and what grosse number of armed pikes halberds hée hath to command how many light armed or disarmed both of the one sort and the other the number of the Musket hargabuziers on foote the quantity of horsemen how many lances how many light horsemen how many Argoloteares what number of other souldiers of what valour or moment they are able to preuaile to the end that hée may afterwards order them about any exploit these to make the front these to bée the backe others for the wings flanks sléeues others to empale the squadrons others to enuiron the enimy others for the fit conuenient places to execute a slaughter such like others to defend the bagage artillarie munition others to entertain skirmish with the enimie for the forlorne hope others to guide and Ascolt or conuoy others to performe such other like seruice And for his better instruction must likewise accordingly haue a Roll of al the bands from the Lord high Marshal with their difference of weapon which hauing alwaies about him may reprehend the want and informe the muster Master Treasorer Hée shall likewise take order with euery Collonel Captain chieftain that in the day vpon any Alarum they conduct their bands into the market or place appointed for the main battail néere wher the artillary or munition is kept that they come not in a fond sort stragling ordispersed or vpon heapes as in disorder they are sometimes accustomed but orderly warely about the ensigne that they may make a forceable front gallant resistance where occasion offers giue a valiant onset wher néede requires for it hath bin oftentimes séene that this place of armes hath bin assaulted possest of the enimy it béeing a coÌ„mon custome that the munition of the Artillary is hoatly assaulted by the enimies the more to disseuer to break to deceiue disperse the army with more assurance ease that therby they may force the fort or break in where the munition is garded When they be entred into the place of armes euery band with the ensigne must attend to follow the sergeant Maior the Corporals in obedience silence after euery particular company is placed together in the order appointed by the Corporals sergeant Maior general the main real square battail of earth must bée made and not of number of men or of a fewe combatants and pikemen to the intent the head and the backe may bée of sufficient strength to shoulder downe the enimie by presenting a greater number of souldiers in one thréede of
backe of the rankes and squadron and not from the front or from any other place for in marching more attentiuely and with lesse occasion of tumult and turning those things be better vnderstood and are more capable which are spoken and proceede from behind the backe then from the front and flankes and with greater facilitie doth runne all along the rankes and as they say according to the word Passa Parola aduanâ—… the word The Sergeant Maior when his squadrons ariue at any strait passage or bridge or other narrow or diâ—…icile place that might disorder him must cause them passe ranke by ranke one after another so that the ranke being a little disseuered or broken let him frame the ranke a new so taking like order in euery rank he shal immediatly forme behind the strait and bridge in the fashion of the first appointed squadron and in this â—…ort may hée procéed with good consideration with as manie squadrons battailes as there be When he giues a volée of shot or makes a Salua of Musket Hargabussers it is much better for him to begin at the head theÌ„ in any other place that he may in due order ranke by ranke cause one to follow another euen to the backe and last ranke so that how much more it yéelds a gallant readie grace so much more makes it shew that those souldiers be practised and argues the sufficiencie of him that guides them When nothing eâ—…e of importance remains behind to be done and that the forward and maine battaile hath stood in squadrons to attend and receiue the reregard leâ—… him the same being ariâ—…ed disband the battaile hauing beforehand taken order with the Herbingers of the bands that euerie one guide the Alfierus of his owne companie to his proper quarter In disbanding the battaile let him guide the Ensignes into such a place of aduantage in height as from thence all the squadron consisting of the vantgard battaile and Rereward may with commoditie behold and sée them to the intent that euery souldier following his proper Ensigne may go therewith to his lodging and appointed quarter The order which is accustomed to bée obserued in assaulting the enemie aswell in the day as in the night I suppose it cannot expresly and particularly from point to point bee declared considering it must bée conformable to the stratagemes of the Prince or Captain generall that gouernes But I haue oftentimes séene them pâ—…t in practise and resolutely wrought with Incamisados with assured and secreat rootes and with imbuscades placed in a conuenient and apt couert such as growes to bée of aduantage to them that lies in ambush who ought to attend the time to assault silently and secretely hauing his Sentinels vedettes countersignes and voices such as bée plaine manifest able to bée vnderstood not double doubtfull and obscure The which sometimes with greaâ—… error and infinite losse hath caused one thing to bée taken for an other And this is to be done to the end that with good order in perfect sort ech thing that is hurtfull to the enimie may bée performed and put in practise Likewise the Sergeant Maior by his office must take â—…are to prouide for the munition principally al sortes of armes and armour victuals and other munition necessarie for his people Likewise to distribute the same to performe his office alwaies in the companie of the Master of the campe or Marshall of the field in planting the gard round about the campe and euer to procure the watchword with the which the said gards are to bée gouerned and after discharged if such like causes still procéede in gouernment in one selfe order but because they varie according to the custome of him that gouernes principally and sometimes as occasion â—…oth best require therefore I passe ouer the same with silence and it is sufficient that at this time I haue inferred that such like actions and operations appâ—…rtain to his office to the intent hée may alwaies remaine in a readines to accompâ—… them gallantly and according to the rules and obseruations that shalbée appointed him by his Prince Hée must take order that the bodies of the watch or Corps dâ—…gard bée ful stoared with souldiers according to the proportion of their capacitie and that at the least there hée as many for euerie Corps de gard as may commodiously supplie and maintain all the Sentinels necessary to bée made during the night allotting at the least one hower of the clocke to euery Sentinel and chiefly in the vnseasonable time of winter an hower a halfe at such time as the season is mean betwixt two two howers at the most at any other time that is serene and hoat time of the Summer forséeing alwaies the Corps de gard consist of so manie souldiers that they may bée able together with the commodious situation of the ground by the perfect proportion and placing of the Corps de gard or by meanes of the trenches or other defences already made they may in such sort sustaine the furie of any surprise at vnwares that the enimie is able to come or assault him withall Those Commissions of any importance that depend vpon his charge and are of other Officers to bée performed ought to bée committed to writing whereof they must haue a copie to the intent that they bée made void of vsing contradictions if in case they do not obey If there should arise any error of moment by this meanes he shall not be charged to faile in his duetie or be occasion of such casualties He must take order with the Sergeants with ech Alfierus with the Lieutenants with all leaders Captaines and Collonels to the intent that al that which is to be done of them may be willingly executed thereby with facilitie to shun the strife and emulation which oftentimes doth arise amongst them and that euery one of them may enioy that which iustly appertains vnto him But when for any occasion he cannot in like causes orderly gouerne them and that it shall not be good absolutely to command them let him then permit that there may be lots cast amongst them and this manner is to be vsed in case of verie extraordinarie seruice which sorte of procéeding doth not diminish or plucke away any of his aucthoritie since he commits to chaunce that which was in his choyse expresly to commaunde Finally it is requisite for a Sergeant Maior to be so studious in theorik reading practise and inuention that through his industrie he may inuent new Artificiall formes of Battels squadrons marching such thinges as appertayne to this important office For no man without inuention can be accounted excellent in his arte and profession Necessarie practises set out in proportions and figures for Captaines Collonels and Sergeant Maiors to vse in squadrons battailes and maine exploits in marching skirmishing retyring rescewing and such like THe curious conceits of sundrie ouerweening warriours and superficiall Captaines is such at these dayes as
Campe for the defence of thy lodgings munition and carriages least the enimie vnderstanding the place to be left voide sende his Souldiers to take the Campe and so to spoile all vpon occasion some Captaines will destroie their owne lodgings or els passe riuers or leaue behinde them hils and déepe places to the ende that the Souldiers standing constantly may ouercome the aduersarie and obtaine the victorie or otherwise altogether to perish for that if they should thinke to saue themselues by running away they shall sée by all manner of meanes taken from the possibilitie to escape Nowe béeing come to ioyne battaile with thy enimie cause thy Souldiers somewhat before to flourishe oft their naked Swordes and Halberds against the Sunne for that the glistering of the weapons and their shining pointes through the brightnesse nowe of the one and nowe of the other against the resplendant Beames of the Sunne dooth shew a certaine horrible terrour of warre the which will strike a dread and feare into the mindes of the enemies Likewise it is sometimes requisite that thy battailes goe forwardes with rumours and showtings sometimes running with violence forasmuch as the semblaunce of such thinges with the noise of Trumpets Drummes and great Ordinance woonderfully troubleth and feareth the heartes of the aduersaries also it is great wisedome in a Captaine not with desire to bée drawne to bée the first to giue the onset but to staie thée néere thy trench till thou hast viewed thy selfe and the Rendies of the enemies that is howe manie battailes howe they are placed of what condition and where they are disposed to fight for after this manner thou maist more commodiouslie sée to thine affaires considering which of thine thou hast to sette against those of thy enimies and in what manner thy men are to bée ordeined and placed dooing in like sort to a good Physition the which considering first the infirmitie and knowing the cause commeth afterwards to giue remedie therefore ordeine thy men so as may turne most vtilitie to thy businesse The manner of ordering of battels lately vsed I cannot greatly command for the armie being 20. 30 or 40. thousand they are deuided but into 3. battels whereby ensueth many perils and discommodities because the Pike being but fiue yards thrée quarters long euerie man occupying a yard and halfe a quarter of pike can occupie but foure or fiue rankes at the most so that the rest are superfluous and lost besides they are easily to bée compassed and to be charged on euerie side wherefore I haue set downe an order of one of the battels in figure according to my opinion the which if it may turne profite to my countrie I would be most glad The occasion of the prosperous successe of the Romaines was onely through their good orders by diuiding their Legions into cohorts the which were bands of 400. and 50. the 50. were shot the 400. were armed their weapons pikes swords and targets the which were placed in quadrant manner 20. euerie wayes being 10. battels in front leauing a certaine space betwéene euerie battell for their retrait vpon occasion vnto the next order which were but sixe battels and the rereward foure battels all in like number kéeping one bredth the voward were called Hastatie their battel 's thicke and close the Maineward were called Principie who had such space betwéene their rankes as they might receiue the Hastatie the rereward were called Triarij whose spaces betwéene their rankes were such as they might receiue the Principie and Hastatie on the wings were placed seauen rankes of Pikes of strangers which did distend in length from the voward to the rereward through these good orders they became conquerours of many countries Now because of the diuersitie of the weapons hauing 20000. footemen I would deuide them into tenne battels to euerie one of the battels shall be according to my proportion set downe 1000. shot 800. pikes and 200. Billes the which placed in twofold wise according to my proportion set downe in figure will be in bredth 45. and in length 22. and ten ouerplus the which are to be placed at the discretion of the Sergeant Maior the shot placed in the wings and rereward in maniples for the readier seruice who must be placed a good distance from thy battel thy men at armes vpon the wings of the shot thy Lances as two hornes in the front of the battell the light horse in the fronts of thy Lances the hargulaters in the fronts of thy light horse who with the pistoleters are the first that begins the battel thy great ordinance to be placed in the fronts of the battels or in such conuenient place as may most terrifie the enimie there would be appointed certaine troupes of Lances whose guidons would be contrary to the rest the which the Germaine cals their Forlorne hope the French Infants perdus who must at such time and instant as shall be thought good by the General giue the charge vpon the enimies battels whatsoeuer shall happen who are for the same to receiue double pay The second battell not to be placed in the front with the first battell as the Romaines did but in the rereward of the first so far wide and with such distance as the horsemen and shot a foote giuing the first charge may retire themselues without disturbance to the battels hauing thy shot placed as in the voward with the lances and shot on horsebacke the third battell to be placed in the rereward of the second with like distance with shot and horse and so to the fourth fift and the tenth in the rereward of the which if occasion require thou maist as in the rereward of the battell place for the defence certaine of thy carriages Thy battels being thus ordered thou shalt be sure no wayes to be compassed by the enimies whereas thou maist easily compasse in him not ordered in the like manner and thy battels being but little yet as strong as the greater being strongly fortified euerie way with pikes and when a signe is giuen your hargolateares pistolateares and lances may at the sodaine be with the formost or readie for any other place of seruice Also your second battell may ioyne with the first and the third with the second and so to strengthen your battels at pleasure as otherwise two or thrée of thy battels to giue the charge to one of his battels and if it should so happen that thy first and second battels should be ouerthrowne thy battel placed in this order thou maist retire thy selfe and leaue of the field maugre the head of thy enimie who in prosecuting thée disorder themselues as many times happens may be easily conquered vsing thy battels in this order I hold to be of greatest force and most auailable THese 4. foresaid battels were taken by M. T. Steward out of his second booke Captaine Francesco Ferretti della Osseruanâ—…a Militare out of whom he hath likewise borrowed the greatest part of his Pathway to
merchandise he must yet further care to lodge his armie in such a place that as néere as is possible it may be an impediment to the enimies prouision or commodity He must ordaine that the footmen and horsemen of euery nation be placed diuided in such sort that by their orderly lodging the seat of the campe may be well garded easily and frankly defended Besides this it is necessarie to dispose and plant the Corps de gard and the bodie of the watch about the Camp in places most suspected and best for the purpose which in the day must consist of horsemen in the night of footmen to the intent the army may at all times remaine without feare of sodaine surprises or be assaulted vnprouided which thing as it is of maruellous molestation so sometimes it may be incrediblie preiudiciall When the strength and force of the souldiers and al the camp following are constrained to take armes and to put themselues in squadrons either in the day or night by occasion of the enimie or any other necessarie acccident that may happen The high marshall of the fielde ought diligently to prouide that the Artillerie the munition and the victuals be safely kept with their ordinarie appointed gard The like care ought he to haue that vpon any sodaine surprise Camisado or sally out of a besieged towne the gard about the campe and in the trenches be strengthened and renforced with a new supplie for the more saftie of the munition tents cabbens and other baggage and therefore the said gard ought at the first to be planted in places strong by nature or else fortified by art These things he must perfâ—…rme with a certaine diligent modestie thereby not to displease any person that either particularly or principally either is or hath bin inuested with the like charge as the Sergeant Maior the general of the Artillerie or the Lieutenant of the whole armie besides other priuate Collonels and Captaines c. which aduertisement I only giue by the way for that he may endeuour himselfe to please euerie one although the authority of his office doth expresly extend resolutely to command in things pertaining to the saftie of the field and campe Let him moreouer call continually to memory that the art of warre doth require a sharpe and exemplar manner and condition of chastisement therby to remaine the better obeyed the which thing is of principall great importance for since that in that place his Prince doth not only fight for the dearest thing he hath but also for the health of his proper person and all his subiects it behooues him to be readie and perfite in such causes Besides it is a most necessarie thing for him to note that there is gathered togither in the Armie great numbers of people of diuers customes of sundrie ages and of minde and disposition not alwayes correspondent Therefore he that through insolency wil not obserue the lawes of armes so important as nothing more in the honorable exercise of Militarie profession let him be constrained to obserue due obedience through horrour feare of punishment To the Marshal of the fielde it appertaines to take order euerie day soone after the Diana that the Conuoyes Ascoltes and safegards do appeare before and come to his lodging to receiue their Commission not only for the safegard and assurance of the merchants and victuallers which come and go from the campe but also as wel for the baggage of the footmen as the horsemeÌ„ who are of custome enforced to prouide both for forrage from time to time and for manie thinges necessarie for prouision for their horses other beasts cabbins things néedful to be vsed in the campe These connoyes safgards Ascoltes ought to be of horsemen and guided by a Captaine of great discretion experience When the armie shall remoue the high marshall must first giue order to the master of the Ordinance that he set forth the Artillerie with all the carriages munition c. then the master of the victuals and cariages afterwards He must after giue order to the Sergeant Maior in what sort he will haue the battell to march that day and to the scoutmaster which way he will send his vauntcurrours to discouer if all be cleare who must from time to time giue intelligence what occurrence he discouereth The high Marshall when he goeth to view the ground where he intendeth to incampe may by his authoritie take such number of horsmen as he shal think conuenient and then is he to consider that there be nigh at hand as I said before wood water and forrage enough for the Army and if he intend long to lodge in that place then must he make his campe the larger and prouidently consider that euery Regiment haue his conuenient place that the tents and cabbins be not pitched and made nigh the ring of the campe that there bée large places of assemblie within the campe that it be well intrenched and fortified for which respectes it is requisite that the Martial haue knowledge in Geometrie Arithmetike and that he haue in a readinesse sundrie plats models formes as partly I haue annexed hereunto whereby he may be able to resolue for any number or situation what forme or quantitie of Campe is most conuenient and presently stake it out assigning â—…ue place for euery Regiment of footmeÌ„ horsmen carriages Ordinance Munition euery particularitie as hereafter shal more plainly be declared For lodging of footmen especially in a running campe I haue partly in this chapter touched but for lodging of horsemen it is not amisse to imitate the Rutters who commonly alwayes lodge in such closes as they finde enuironed with trées or quicke set hedges and ditches placing their horses in due order round about the fielde two paces one from another with railes betwéene them leauing al the void ground in the middle for the Captaines tents cabbines for the horsemen So that in that sort in a field of two or thrée acres I haue séene a guydon of Rutters very well lodged commodiously with railes or poles betwéene their horses and bowes about them for the winde or heat some with hales ouer them to kéepe them from the raine their saddels bridels and al other their furniture hanging vpon poles readie by them neatly kept blacked their mangers also before them for all such necessaries the Ruiters carrie with theÌ„ in their wagons and carriages besides little whéele barrowes to carrie away their doung so that their campe is no lesse cleane orderly then a princes stable A faire stréete they alwayes leaue betwéene their owne cabbines their horses They haue certain troopes of their seruants whom they cal their knights and these troupes alwayes attend that so soone as the Marshall hath limited their quarters they depart immediatly to the next woods for poles bowes stakes and other necessaries to build their campe stables and cabbines other go for forrage that
before the army approch the lodgings alwayes are in a readines To euerie 12. Ruiters commonly there is allowed a wagon with 4 horses or to sixe a cart with two horses and their knights are about one third part of the number of their horsemen The Lance knights also encampe alwayes in the field verie strongly two or thrée to a cabinet their pikes armour standing vp by them in a redines so orderly placed with stréets so conuenient cleanly preserued that their campe is no lesse holesome then strong I haue séene sixe thousand of them lodge in sixe or seuen acre of ground which proportion differeth not much from that of the old Romains The high Marshall as well for the ordering of sconts as all other matters of importance in the campe is to giue order and at the setting of the watch his trumpets ought first to sound and then all the residue of the trumpets in order to answere euerie one to his seueral quarter and in the morning al the trumpets should assemble before the Lord Lieutenants tent and there to sound the reliefe of the watch but no man must vpon paine of death remoue from his charge vntill the warders be come out then may euerie man depart to his rest In the fielde at a day of seruice though there be a Generall of the horsemen yet is it the place of the high Marshall to serue there as chiefe to appoint in how manie troopes the horsemen shall diuide themselues and which shall charge which stand for their rescue and to prohibite that vpon euerie crie amongst the footemen of march Cauallarie or forward horsemen they doâ—… not remoue disband or giue charge but onely by knowne counter signes and watch words from the Generall that inuasions may be made at due times and when necessitie requires not for euerie trifle or priuate danger of some persons for otherwise their disbanding out of time may arise to be ruine and losse of an armie in a day of battell If any prisoners be taken in the fielde they ought forthwith to be enrold in the Marshals booke and then if any make claime to any other mans prisoner the Marshal as iudge to determine who shall haue him and for euerie prisoner brought into the Marshall sea and enrolled in the Marshals booke his fée is eight pence he is also to haue of al booties taken in the field brought into the campe the third part but as well for this as other his fées they are by the General to be limited at the beginning as shall be thought reasonable Finally the high Marshal ought to be a man of such perfection that he know the duetie of euerie inferiour officer and be able to reforme their misdéeds and that of his owne knowledge The handling of small matters must be committed to his Prouost who ought to be a chosen person alwayes retaining the greater causes and such as concerne life to be heard by himselfe who for his greater reputation and to be knowne from other officers he should haue a Cornet or guidon borne before him in the fielde as I haue séene the pages seruants wiues and women in Don Iohn of Austria his campe attend in no lesse good order then any well gouerned band And for as much as it appertaineth chiefly to the high Mashal to gouerne the execution of the Militarie lawes I therein refer him to my first booke wherein I thought it more necessary to be set downe then in this place to the intent the souldiers may dayly heare their dueties and not to offend through ignorance vnto which lawes some thinke it necessarie that not onely euerie Captaine and Collonel should be sworne but also after the old Romaine manner euery particular souldier at his entring into pay or at the consecration of the Ensigne to make his oath ioyntly vnto them both for which cause the Romaine warfare was termed Militia Sacrata The oathes that euerie officer ought to take of what office soeuer he be Of the Pretor THe Pretor Aduocate or Coadiutor to the Marshall being learned in the Martiall Ciuill and commmon Lawes shall take his oath giuen him by the Generall shall sweare by almighty God that whatsoeuer he shal iudge ordain or determine in court or out of court that he shal kéepe it close secreat to his liues end that he shal be true and iust to the Lords and that he shall execute iustice to his vtmost power and that he shal not during the wars take any gift of any man for any matter in controuersie to be tried before him but shall vse indifferent iustice to al meÌ„ without respect of persons friendship or malice as God shall helpe him at the dreadfull day of iudgement Of the Prouost Marshall HIs oath is likewise giuen by the Generall that he shall sée al faults duely and according to the lawes punished in al offenders without regard or respect of persons That he shall in the market place set vp a paire of gallowes as well for the terrour of the wicked as to do execution vpon them that offend the lawes Also that he shall set on al victuals brought to the market a reasonable price that the seller the buyer may reasonably liue by it and that he exact nothing behind his duetie of any man that he neither vse extorcion or briberie that he let no prisoner takeÌ„ of the enimie or offender otherwise to his witting escape with other Articles contained in his office at the discretion of the General the which he must be sworne vnto The master of the watch the Purueyor for victuals the fire master must likewise take their oathes as it is here set downe in the 4. 5. and sixt booke of these Directions The Clarke or Notarie of the Court. THe Notarie shall be sworne before the twelue Iudges of the court that he shall truely and without fraude exercise his office not adding or diminishing for friendship malice or briberie any thing deliuered to him in court or elsewhere to the hinderance of equitie and iustice that he precisely kéepe vndefaced and vncancelled all the records and the whole actes and dealings of all men hanging in the court whether they be tried or vntried in controuersie and not determined and that he kéepe and conceale all things which he heareth in the court either said or doone as ended or determined secret and close to his liues end and if he do otherwise he shall haue the lawe prouided for such an offendour Of the common Cryer of the court HE shall take the like oath before the Iudge to doe trulie and faithfully his office at all times and in all places according as the Iudge shall commaund him so that through his diligence there be no fault found in him at the court day and that he kéepe close and secret all such matters as he shall heare handled by the Iudges vntill his liues end as God helpe him Directions for the marching of
be a sufficient battery made that it be easie for the souldiours to ascend vp vpon their assault that they be not forced to make a shamefull retire to theyr great dyscredite and destruction Therefore it is most necessarie and altogether requisite that in batterie or in any other naturall forme of assault not only the breach be sufficient large and easie to mount vppon and ascend but also that hee vse dilligence to dismount the enemies defences that is to say such Péeces as annoy the Campe and that the flankers be cut off before any assault be giuen as I shal more at large héereafter declare to the intent the meaning of theyr assault take effect which is to enter the Towne that the slaughter and great destruction of many notable Captaines and souldiours may bée auoyded Hée must endeuour himselfe to haue knowledge in making of Mynes Ouens and Caues and to know howe to order and vse them the which things if they be made conformable to their due as they ought are of meruailous ayde to those the besiedge a Fortresse but aboue all things hee must be very warie and circumspect in making them that the besieged doo not perceiue they are myned to the intent they preuent not the same by making countermines the which sort of working dooth easily hinder Mynes or otherwise by sincking of déepe wels or profound holes pits the which choke vp the Mynes when they encounter with them And if by Mynes hee performe any thing to giue order that the Captaine of the Minors and Pyoners accomplish his directions Hée should likwise take delight to cause powder be made and arteficiall fire of all sorts and to the intent he may commodiously performe these things and make them with greater facilitie hee must carry with him necessary instrumēts for the same as Morters pestles troughes Cribles to sift tables to dry vpon yron work to refyne saltpeter Cawdrons Coullanders or strayners and such like Hée ought to be learned in auncient and moderne hystories and to consider and compare the manifold stratagems that other notable Souldiers haue héeretofore vsed To deuise sundry Engines for assaults defences and to be cunning in framing sundrie sorts of bridges for passage of waters to diuert the course of waters or to drowne any Country or Fort subiect therunto to conuey great Ordenaunce ouer Marishes and other ingenious inuentions Hée must likewise haue exquisite knowledge in the Mathematicals considering thereby he shall be able certainly to shoote at all randons to conuey Mynes vnder earth to any Curtine Bulwarke or other place that hee determines by violence of powder to rent in péeces To make a coniecture forecast what quantitie of shotte powder c. shall be requisite to serue the Campe to suffise a battery myne or any other exployt To sette out in due proportion euery particuler fortification of Campe Towne or Fort where Ordenaunce is to be vsed which cannot possibly without knowledge in these Sciences be sufficiently discharged And that Maister of the Ordenaunce that is ignoraunt héerein himselfe and trusteth to the skyll of others shal be abused by audacious presumptuous persons that taking vpon them the knowledge they vtterly want will shame themselues dishonour him and foyle the enterprise In the fielde when soeuer any day of seruice is it is the office of the great Maister of the Orednaunce to select a conuenient place to plant his Ordenaunce as well to annoy the enemie as also to be in such sort garded and fortified that it be not surprised of the enemie In the Campe he onely ought to giue order for the planting of the Artillarie and fortification of the flankes And that the Ordenaunce be planted to the best aduantage and also to fore-see that the Maister Gunner and the other Gunners doo their duties which doo appertaine to theyr office Finally thys office is of great reputation in the fielde vppon the execution whereof great seruice dependeth And therefore the great Maister of the Ordenance ought to be a man of great learning and experience whereby he may bee able to conceiue performe many particuler actions Since he is one of the principall Officers of the field hauing as I haue already said charge of the Artillary munition and fortification in which exployts a verie good wit without trayning and experience shall stagger and be amazed But because it is neither possible nor conuenient that the Maister of the Ordenaunce shoulde attend vppon all the premisses himselfe hee may commit as I haue sayd inferiour causes to the execution of his Lieuetenant or Constable and to the Gentlemen of the Artillarie Caualieres of the Canon or voluntarie Lieuetenants reseruing alwaies to himselfe the disposition of the great and most important The Office of the Maister Gunner The Maister Gunner is but an Officer appertaining to the great Maister of the Artillarie and his Office is to see all the inferiour Gunners to doo theyr dueties to be skilfull and readie in theyr charging discharging cooling leueling and mounting of the Ordenance and to haue in readines bullets powder ladles and spunges to wadde ramme coole and charge the péeces also to peruse the cariages and whéeles that they be strong and the Péeces themselues that they haue no honie-combes or flawes in them whereby they should be in danger of breaking To haue in store crosse-barres chaynshot cases of haileshot in manner of Cartages trunckes and bals of wild fyre with artificiall barrels of preble stones charged with powder to throwe into Ditches or to defend a breach vpon any suddaine attempt These and such like are matters for the Maister Gunner to occupie himselfe in and to make proofes of them in the presence of the Maister of the Ordenance that he may sée the effect violence of them The Office of the fyre Maister Thys Officer the better to performe his duetie at the enterance into his Office must take his oth to be true and iust in his Office and that without speciall commaundement of the Generall not to aduenture to set any thing on fire vnlesse that the enemie be inuaded and encountered withall and then without delay all matters layd apart to annoy the enemie by hysskill what he may And that he doo not burne or wast any Corne-houses or other thing that may any wayes profit the Campe. And that to his knowledge he shall not hurt or hinder any poore creature or aged person that he may well spare but extend mercy and pittie on them Hys Office is to make and carry with the Campe all sorts of arteficiall fire-works and Engines of fire to endomage the enemie Certaine generall notes of fortification necessarie for a singuler souldiour or ingenior to knowe ALthough many Authours haue in long discourses written of fortifications neuerthelesse for that it seemes vnto me a thing necessary to be vnderstood of a Souldiour at leastwise of hym which by way of merite meanes to obtaine recompence of such Captaine Generals as be famous
the Artillarie and of the diligent arte and infinite pollicies vsed of souldiours of valour the which is farre more then any witte of small practise can imagine since that he is not capable of any thing but that his simple iudgement doth behold And for thys respect besides a particuler profession in this art it behoues hym of necessity to be able to draw proportions That he haue knowledge in the art prospectiue in numbers in measure in making of Gabions in making of Lotte compounde simple to nayle them dispearse and sowe them to compounde Fagote of good boughes to know how to ioyne and mayle with wood these kynde of workes to dispearse and distribute the earth with sufficiency and that it be well deuided or sifted amongst the Fagots and cliftes to the ende that they may be easyly endomaged with fyre and thereby to make them stedfast To beate well downe and fasten the labour with maules of wood to giue reasonable and easie issue to the course of water that might chaunce to make corruption and to make cloach large and walled and not otherwise for that by meanes of water such lyke workes are accustomed to receiue great ruines and hinderance And it is necessary moreouer for him to knowe howe with due measures to forme Bulwarkes Caualieres Platformes straight and crooked Casemates Couers Canoneres Merlones Curtines Scarpes false Portes secrete issues for footemen and horse men Counterditches Ditches Sholders and Counterscarpes and he must beware that in hys parapettes he make no windows nor loope holes neyther small nor great to the intent they be not choked neyther strooken by leuill nor displanted of the Enimye with hys Artillarie But he must prouyde that the sayd Parapettes be so placed that very commodiously the Artillarie the Muskets the Hargabuziers and all other sortes of offensiue weapons may play and trouble the Enimy without being as is afforesayde manifestly disturbed and displanted by the enimy Touching the entryes or Gates which bee made to enter into Fortresses they ought to bee made in the midst of the Curtine or rather neere adioyning to the flanke of the Bulwarke with a bridge of wood to the intent that in time of siege the same may be cut downe or burnt The Porte ought to be so lowe that being on the Counterscarpe without the same remayne discouerd It is requisite also that at the entrie of the sayd Porte there be a safe place for diuers respects and specially to keepe assured the Souldiours Armes In the bottome of the Merlone or rather néere adioyning to the flancke of the Bulwarke an issue must be made which may serue for the Souldiours whilst the batterie is in making to issue foorth to the intent also they may defende the Dytch and take away the ruines of the batterie because they would hinder the Cannoniers and be a meanes that the enemie myght approch the néerer There be many which require that the Curtines shold compasse or be bended inward towardes the Fortresse with a platforme eyther within or without or a Caualiere vpon the brinke of the sayd Curtine They alledge for theyr reason that the enemy thereby is much more endomaged and that his battery is more crooked and therefore procures lesse danger to the Fortresse then if it were straight But I am of an opinion that if a man worke in that sort the bulwarks cannot haue theyr ample places and thicke sholders to be able to sustaine the blowes of the Artillarie and euen so it should be likewise difficile to make retraites Therefore I thinke it is not good to haue the Curtines folded compasse wise or crooked if the situation of the place doo not require the same But I would rather they should be straight from one Bulwarke to another And furthermore it were good that they were of such length that not only the great Cannons of the first place but also the smal Peeces may clense the front of the Bulwarke Some perchance wil affirme that the Curtyne being short the great Cannons would become hurtfull to the Bulwarks of the Fortresse For aunswere whereof I say That in the first place when the enimie doth assault the Forte the great Cannons ought not to bee charged with bullets for defence of the sayd Forte but rather filde with peeces of yron or of some other Mettall or with stones or chaynes for these thinges worke a marueilous effect against the assaults and Escalades which the Enimie doth giue To shoote bullets in great Cannons were good when the Ditch is full of Rockes and heapes of stones for the sayd Bullet striking amidst the sayd he apes of stones dispearsing sparkeling them will make a great slaughter of those which giue the assault Bullets in the great Cannons be good also to break the Trenches and Engines which the enimies make within the Dith Moreouer the length of the Curtine beeing correspondent to the carying of the small Peeces is cause that the shot of the sayde Peeces becomes the dispatch and mortalitie of the Enimies and the defence and sustentation of the Fortresse for almost against all Fortresses the Enimie worketh vnder the Curtine with Trenches in cutting through the Counterscarpe or rather by filling of yâ— ditch thereby the more commodiously to cut the sayde Curtine or Bulwarke and so make steppes or degrees to ascende to giue assault to the Fortresse as I sawe performed at the siege of Limbourgh the head Citty of that Dutchie where the Prince of Parma being Lieueteâ—…ant of the Armie in Don Iohn d'austria hys absence betwixt the batterie and the breach in bottome of the dry Ditch certaine close couerts were made from whence the Souldiers might ascend vp to giue the assault by certayne steppes cut out of the hyll and Bulwarke it selfe by which the towne was entred although in ende it yeelded It is profitable to haue water in the ditch when a Fortresse is situate in such a place that it borders vppon diuers Enimies for water brings with it this comodity that vnawares in the night it cannot be assaulted by Escalade Water likewise is profitable to small Fortresses wherein there is not such great numbers of people as one may be able to make issue for the defence thereof But for a great Fortresse where it is necessary to make sallies it is requisite the ditch be dry for that in the same a man hath space to make retraites and is farre more commodious to make issues and sallies to defende the sayd Ditch specially if the bancke descending from the Curtine bee cutte rounde with couert and close Trenches euen with the Counterscarpe as was about the dry Ditch of Louayne vnder the gouernment of my Collonell the Baron of Cheuerau when we did dayly attend the siege of 60000. men in Campe by Machlin guided by Casamire and the Counte Bossu 1578. Lyke wise a Ditch being dry one may comodiously take away the ruines which the Enimyes make with theyr batteries to the intent the sayde ruines doe not
hands of the Generall and his Councell so that his office be not knowne to any but to the Generall and to those of the Counsell To the intent he may haue accesse vnto them at all times vnder the colour of some other office therby to remaine vnknown to the common sorte and to auoyde the discouerie and dischyphering of such as hunte and search after secrecies and the rather to the intent the enemie knowing the spyes by reason of theyr recourse vnto him doe not intercept them It is requisite that hee both be a man wise serete of quicke and déepe insight and well languaged faythfull and aduenturous A cunning Colourer of his Princes affayres of importance of a singular and good inuention That hee delight in receiuing seeret occurrents from all places That he diligently direct the priuie Spyes of the Campe not acquainting them together That he haue a stipend for himselfe and allowance to yeeld reward to all sortes of Spyes That he bring them vppon vrgent occasion to the presence of the Generall That they generally receiue of him a countersigne or watch-word thereby to be knowne assured That he dispearse abroad Espyes aswell for his owne parte both for the Campe and Garrisons as for the enemies Countrie Campe both to know priuie practises and forraine determinations That he haue some secrete frendes or stipendarie intelligences in all Courtes Coūtries Citties and places of the enemy and his Collegates whether they be apparant or priuie fauourers from whom hee may daylie receiue letters Cyphers or countersignes and secrete aduertisements of all occurrents out of the enemies bosome That he haue knowledge in all secret sort of wrytings specially in that part of Polographia which serues best for his turne and if it be possible in Steganographia that part thereof which is lawfull for a Christian to vse Neither let him neglect the secret sorts of wryting by the ioyse of Lemmons Orenges Creame dissolued Allome c. betwixt the lynes of a Letter of common occurrence and such other receits for wryting as be sette out in Naturalis Magia Cardane Allexis and others That he be cunning in sending secret aduertisements where néede dooth require by some of these foresayd kind of Letters enclosed in the scaberd of a sword shoe-sole fold of a gyrdle or dogs coller and so worne or wayting vpon him passe with greater securitie Some haue vsed to hide Letters in a loafe béeing baken therein and carried the same for victuals Some haue enclosed the same in a compounde and arteficiall stone Some in sweet bals Some in the secret parts of their body and such innumerable like deuises which are to be chosen out according as they shall seeme conuenient to the Intelligencers turne That he know the arte how to talke a farre off with lights twincklings of Match for the night and by smokes fyre flags of blacke white red c. for the day with perfect knowne countersignes wherby they may know one anothers meaning And when any is secretly to be sent into a besieged Cittie with directions that he make prouision for the secret choyse and conueiance of such a one Finally that chiefely he be very expert and ready in the arte of disciphering that at all times when any Letters be sent him by his Generall he may discipher them and satis-fie his Superiour therein The Office of the warlike Counsellers THere must twelue warlike Counsellers be appointed out by the Generall of the Armie béeing chosen honest wise and graue men the which sayd 12. he shall appoint to be his Iudges and together with the high Marshall be partners in determining all Martiall discipline and correction Hée may make his choyse amongst Captaines or otherwise at his pleasure so that hee be of stayed iudgement and honest sobrietie The which said Counsellers or Iudges béeing so elected and chosen shall haue theyr wages accordingly appointed them who except in great extremitie shall be watch frée These shall sweare and protest solemnly vnto the said Generall that they will serue theyr Prince by the Month in that place which they are chosen called to that they will be trusty faithfull and obedient and dutifull vnto the Generall in all needful and lawfull affayres and at all times vprightly and indifferently to iudge all causes comming before them and to be obedient to the commaundement of the Generall standing with equitie and the Lawes of the field That they will to theyr vttermost power endenour themselues to gyue counsaile and aduise to the Generall to the welfare and commoditie of the Prince hys subiects and iustly to iudge the rich as well as the poore not regarding fréendshyp kindred or any other corrupting cause which may leade affection to the hinderaunce of iustice but to theyr knowledge to minister equitie according to the tenor of the Lawes as they wyll that GOD helpe them at the last and dreadful day of iudgement Also that in mustering they doo dilligently foresée to their vttermost power that the Prince theyr Maister be not deceiued in gyuing double pay to such as are not worthy and that they shall also deliuer the names of the Souldiours vnto the Generall as they mustered them wyth a note of theyr allowance and wages vnder theyr hands and seales faythfully without any deceit The Office of the Generall and Lieuetenant of the Armie THat man which is careful to carry the name of wise and prudent when he enters into the execution of any serious affaire wyll not so wed himselfe to his owne will and fansie as that he wyl put assured confidence in his owne proper counsel which for the most part is fallible by reason of the infectious humour of selfe willie passion which oftentimes is cause of great errors ruines calamities and confusions but rather will leane to the assured aduise of sound and mature counsell Therfore a worthy and excellent Captaine Generall since the greatnesse of his valour dooth not make him capable of so important a charge in respect that neither high titles neither fauors of the Prince can make a man wise that is not it is very requisite that he like a prudent person make election of certaine Counsellers of great vnderstanding and long experience in the warres to follow the Campe and accompany his owne person to whom it is néedfull he propound matters of importance and confer with them such accidents as are with remedies to be preuented or otherwise to be executed and gathering and selecting the best portion of many good parts wyth his ripe and aduised iudgement he must frame and forme a sound and grounded resolution with the which he must execute all hys enterprises expediently and couragiously For there was neuer man of so great prudence and of such singuler experience that hee was able to discide and discypher all things of himselfe but it hath béene often séene that by the help of others many things haue béene performed wherin of himselfe alone he hath not had ful experience
béeing of accord with the Marshall of the Fielde must vse his endeuour towards the prouision of ordinary victuals that it may be well conducted and better kept sometimes if it be possible renuing the same specially in a Country that is aboundant and distribute the old amongst the souldiours but for al that this must be doone when as it cannot otherwise be spent or kept good that he may drawe the money disbursed at the Officers and Collonels hands Amongst these sufficient store of victuals prouided by this Comessarie and his followers I haue séene it thought very necessary to conduct with the Armie flockes and droues of beastes great and small the which is of little hinderance or impediment because they are not of burden and for that by themselues they may be kept in good disposition and the rather béeing ayded by the Princes strong arme of authoritie This Comessary may vsually send out safe-gards or sealed Patents that there may be respect had vnto Townes and other places aboundant in scraw Corne Meale Beere Wine Oyle Cattle Powder Flesh Salt Wood Fruite and such other necessary things specially where such places be taken and comen vpon at vnawares by the Armie These commodities and Munitions he must cause to be kept with good order to the intent they may the longer serue and with one of the Generals Trumpets which may accompany the said safegards or patents or with some small Troupes of souldiours and nayle them vpon the gates of the Townes Cattles or houses these and the presence of the Trumpet with a small gaâ—…de of men of war is of sufficient force to cause the said place to be respected so much as it ought or as is necessary the which Office was very wel executed in the yéeres 1578. 1579. 1580. vnder Don Iohn and the Prince of Parma The Generall of the Armie ought to examine often and verie narrowly the principall Officers that good orders may alwaies with great diligence be executed and coÌ„tinually with circumspect care alwaies kéepe open the vigilant eyes of the minde and those of the body warie and still waking as well in aspecting occasion as also in accepting and executing theÌ„ with rare prouidence and valour It is very requisite that he alwaies carrie with him a good and faithfull Guide and to the intent he may not by craft or trechery be deceiued such Guides ought alwaies to goe vnder a sure gard giuen in charge and recommended to good Captaines to good Officers and tryed Souldiours and sometimes it shall bee good to carry them bound and specially in a suspected Country or that they be of a strange language and vnknowne to them For sometimes either of peruerse purpose or fainting hart in suddaine assaults which at vnawares arise by meanes of the Enemie and by the suddaine noyse of Allarmes they doo flée away and saue themselues Sometimes eyther through the commodious darknes of the night or els through the knowledge of the Country vnknowne to those they haue guided But to satis-fie both Guides and Spyes instruments so necessary and profitable to the honourable profession of Armes a man must neuer appoint or limit any certaine bound to expences but rather largely and liberally pay and recompence them without making any spare For as it is a thing most manifest and cleere that hauing such as be good and faithful the victory remaines as it were certaine so the contrary dooth easily succeede when his continuall and wakefull eye hath not respect to these substantiall aduertisements Neyther can any Captaines execute or commaund with more assurance or better to the purpose then those which are well conducted and led by Guides and instructed so neere as is possible of all the Enemies determinations and in what manner and forme he will worke by the intelligences of his Espyals But hee must beware hee take carefull paynes to examine all things himselfe without trusting to the indirect endeuor of any other person And therfore it is a most necessary and excellent quality to vnderstand and speake many languages by imitating that most famous and victorious Emperour Charles the fist since that hee himselfe dyd vnderstand the speech of euery Nation accustomed to practise with him and to the most part of them sententicusly and pithilie coulde aunswer by reason that not onely for thys respect the beneuolence of diuers Nations and particuler persons is gained which is a thing that much imports but also moreouer deceite is auoided which through the defect and naturall vice of diuers malignent Interpreters might ensue wherefore it is euer good to be doubtful Hée must of necessitie haue with him such persons as be professed in Souldiours Architecture for the most part properlie called by the name of Ingeniors who must haue knowledge to cause and cast out the proportion of Trenches to make them of sufficient defence and to frame massiue Bulwarks large and reall Ditches Gabions radled round about to forme great Parapets and not onely to be good inuentors with iust proportions but also more studious of the plots and formes and those things that be therunto correspondent and how to accomodate himselfe to the reasonable situation which is to be fortefied and the in effect they haue greater knowledge in warlike then in domesticall Architecture of which I haue in a particuler discourse intreated in my fist Booke Likwise it is very good he take delight chiefly in cases of suspect although he haue lodged his Armie in a place that is of a good strong situation to compasse the most weake places thereof with ditches Trenches of good proportion reasonable wel flancked That he take care to kéepe repayre those places that be strong by nature with all dilligent and arteficiall meanes For so much as from those places that appeare most assured manie great â—…uines are receiued either through the negligence of the wearied watch or through the secret policie the aspiring mindes of the enemie neither ought he to omit or flée any toyle or trauell for good Souldiours in vrgent necessities by examplare incouragement doe more willingly and readily worke then the Pyoners themselues as was very well performed in enuironing the Campe against the Lanzgraue and the rest of the Lutheran sect in that trouble some time of Charles the fifth Emperour and as succéeded specially in Inglistate one of the francke townes where vpon the suddaine was made a wonderfull worke of Trenches of sufficient force to resist the incredible furie of the enemies mighty Armie who had the aduantage both in horse-men footemen Artillarie with the which thrée daies continually they did batter assault and made wonderfull slaughter amongst the Emperiall Squadrons placed with great disaduantage in a discouered and open ground by reason of the low situation determining to force the Emperiall Armie to dislodge the better after eyther to conquer or driue them the Country The which through this great worke of Trenches and together with many Carres planted vppon the one side
and vppon the other the great Riuer Danubie and in front with certaine Pondes and Ditches of water and vpon the backe the town of Inglistate it was altogether compassed and enuironed of sufficient force But touching these respects looke in my fourth booke where I haue particularly touched this matter Moreouer it is necessary that the Captayne Generall doe sometimes ryde by night about the Campe and admonish the watch that they remaine ready and vigilant since that in the eies and eares of so fewe the health sauegarde of all the Campe doth consist As little as may be he must suffer alarums to be gyuen to his people either by daye or by night or at any tyme whatsoeuer but if thereunto hee bee constrayned lette him make it secretly and without striking vp the Drums or sounding Trompets but rather vse Drum stickes and Surdines Or otherwise in respect and place of those Instruments which in such cases are accustomed to be sounded It is very conuenient he send some persons of authority of purpose therunto appoynted to passe round about and through the Campe to aduertise appoint spéedily such thinges as are to be performed hauing before hand had perfect discouerie of the enimie and giuen resolute commission to make the alarum Which quiet kinde of procéeding shall afterwards cause lesse traueyle and much more reputation to his people and to himselfe and to his enemy great confusion and disconragement perceiuing that by their pollitike and valiant procéeding they do smally estéeme or feare them Which at sundrie alarums in the Campe surprises of Townes Camisadoes c. I haue in the low Countries vnder Don Iohn seene pollitikely put in practise Hee ought when any alarum shall chaunce to bee gyuen to take order with the high Marshall with as great dilligence as he â—…anne to double the Corps de garde and watch which ought before hande to be placed with great Iudgement in places that bée strong by nature or otherwise fortefied by arte Besides he must carry a speciall care and vse a singuler dilligence not to giue occasion of Mutinies the which are accustomed for the most parte to bring foorth extreame ruine chiefly when they bee of naughtie nature although the dignitie authority and power of the Captayne Generall bee very great for there is almost neuer any remedy vsed agaynst such vprores without great losse of reputation and authority so great is the terrible furie of this franticke encounter He neuer ought to suffer his Collonelles neither his Captaines to haue any dead payes or supply their roomes by others that passe vnder their names in Muster for in time of important neede many times the Captayne Generall shal finde his Forces very much weakened contrarie to his expectation A thing verie daungerous for the totall ruine of the whole Armie Together with this aduertisement hee ought to be alwayes courteous and liberall towards those that do follow him to the intent his Chieftaine may courteously entertayne those that be good Souldiours A thing worthy to be noted He must search by all meanes possible to kéepe his Armie continually couragions and wyth aspiring mindes by arteficiall functions to the enemies confusion Sometimes dispearsing a rumor that hee hath intercepted and taken certayne aduertisements of importance Somtimes to â—…aigne that he hath the commoditie to ayde himselfe with the succours of many Princes and coÌ„mon Princes although there be no such matter To make ioyfull Triumphes and shewes with Artillarie arteficial fyres and bondfyres in the euenings and sometimes making shew that he hath a desire to assault and inuade the enemy by night by Camisado they beeing vnprouided as did Charles the fift against the Lantzgraue vppon the arriuall of Counte de Bure with succours out of Flaunders or as did Iulian Romero vnder the Duke of Alua when the Prince of Orange was repulsed from before Mountes in he nault Besides this hee may vse like functions artes or Stratagemes to aduance his warlike affayres for it is a vertue to vse deceit in Militarie actions thereby to further the procéedings of iustice against manifest enemies when it is lawfull to assault either with crafte or force either openly or couertly for that which doth succéede whether it fall out by deceit or valour is comendable in warlike actions As did Don Iohn in suprising the Castell of Namures a thing which fell out to be the safty of himselfe the whole Countrey and the cause whereby hee had meanes to reuenge himselfe of his enemies at such times as we gaue theÌ„ that famous ouerthrow betwixt Namures and Gibloe Let the Generall haue great care to such chaunces and accidents as haue néed of present remedy repayring them with carefull prouidence by reason that the most occasions which fal out in wars can suffer no delayes for whilst some haue béene in consulting and deferring the matter but a little moment of time they haue at that instant receiued losse not able to be recouered therfore to proceede with a wise and spéedie policie is of infinite aduantage yea and altogether necessary He must alwayes haue in memory the not by reason he is Superior in number multitude of souldiours he may make assured account of victory but rather through the good order he doth obserue in disposing framing a ready obedience and the exercise of a true approued practise in warlike actions is the only meanes to performe the same dooth cause the difference thorowly to bee discerned betwixt one Captaine Generall and an other For the art of Militarie profession dooth nourish in the breastes of men which follow this exercise a valiant and aspiring mind to fight Therfore as from thence safty and victory doth procéede so contrariwise by not possessing the same losse and totall ruine doth follow Since that practise doth make a man abound with exquisite qualities whereby courage is kindled in our harts and contrariwise quenched in him that is a Nouice and fresh water souldier in the exercise of these causes which in euery respect is grounded vppon long experience conference and reading and not by proud and presumptuous rashnes He must likewise remember that many times in new begun wars specially against straunge nations a new forme of fight is requisite The election of new armes is necessary the varying of order the studie of a new art Likewise it is good to Campe and discampe often when it may be done without manifest perill and without suspicion or daunger of the enemy for thereby the infection of the ayre is auoided and souldiours kéept exercised who by lying still become flouthfull and negligent Moreouer the Marshal of the field hauing at euery lodging either planted or entrenched the Campe it is most necessary for the Generall beeing accompanyed with some Caualieres of his owne Courte and guarde hauing before hym hys generall Trumpet and his Guidon or Cornet displayde without which hee ought neuer to goe abroade to ride vp and downe to visite the quarters
of Armies as also that due order in Camps may be maintained let him therfore imitate the auncient Romans the very Maisters of the arte of war who neuer coueted other then y◠plaine to campe vpon entrenching thēselues nightly in as strong sure manner as if the enemy had encamped by them and that euen in places vtterly voide of all suspition to make these millitary trauails familiar vnto them and to auoide those idle or rather dissolute effrenate pastimes that our Christian Campes are bewitched withal to the vtter ruine of all good Millitary discipline and confusion of our Armies In a running Campe the readiest fortification is to impale it round with the cariages chayned together the sides of the carriages and horses shaded with thin boords with certain quires of paper betwixt cunningly compacted together which being accommodated to make sides bottoms and doores to the Carts carriages will serue wonderfully to empale an Army to make approches or to holde out Caliuer Musket shot Then let them bend the Artillary that waie where most suspicion is the enemy shall approch and if time wil permit to cast some Trench also without the carriages against Artillarie He must kéepe his souldiours in continuall millitary exercise and by fained allarmes to sée in what readines his bands would be if necessitie required to shew them all maner of waies how the enemie may attempt them discouering also to thē the remedy and howe they are to aunswer to those attempts for no man is borne a Souldiour but by exercise and trayning it is attained and by discontinuance againe it is lost as all other Artes and Sciences be In setling of a Campe beside the commodities of wood water and forrage the Generall must also cōsider how victuals may safely come vnto him and to leaue no Castles at his back to anoy them but that he séeke to possesse them ere he march forward for great is the anoyance that a little pyle at the back of an Army may doo as wel against forragers straglers as to cut off victuals from the Campe. The Generall is also by good plots to consider the situation of the Country how both fréend and enemy Townes lie from the Campe the hyls and vallies waies straits passages lakes riuers bridges their number quantity distance and euery particularity which may be doone by conference with his Discouerers-Guides Espyals other persons that know the Country conferring their assertions with his plots And so to consider whether the enemy may conueniently cut off his victuals or by Ambush anoy him in his march and for preuention therof to send abroad Light-horsemen Hargabuzers to garde the passages towards the enemies Garisons Before the Armie discampe all passages and waies for the souldiours and Artillary c. to passe should be discouered and skilful men appointed to lead them He ought not to suffer any band to march scattered but in battails order or at least in straits narrow passages inforce to drawe them forth in Herses and so soone as place serueth to reduce them again into the order of battaile and this is to be vsed in places of security for exercise as in places of suspect for safetie He ought to haue with him good Guides that perfecty know all passages hilles vallies c. for of the Country in generallitie the Generall himselfe ought perfectly to be informed by Plots Models wherby he shal the better conceiue any information that shal be brought him by espiall If the General haue sundry Nations vnder his gouernment it is not méete to gyue alwaies to any one Nation the Uaward considering the same being in marching towards the enemy the place of greatest honour the others will much repine against it and not without good cause The order therfore in marching should so be framed that euery Nation haue his turne without partial fauor to any one And if the number be great of any one Mercinary Nation it is not amisse to deuide thē both in marching imbattelling for sundry respects which in thys place I omit to show If any strait be kept by the enemie it is not méet first to charge them vpon the very front but to send Light-horsmen shot to skyrmish with them on either flancke and then wyth Targets of proofe to enter vpon them The Generall shold before he bring his Souldiours to deale with the enemy first in some champion place cause them to be ranged in forme of battaile making of his footmen sundry Battillions of these Battillions sundry Fronts to deuide his Horsemen also into sundry Troupes placing the men at Armes Demilances Light horsemen and Argoleteares euery Fort in seueral Troupes by themselues to cause the forlorne to issue out and skirmish thē before the Battillions as if the enemy were indéed present and vpon a signe giuen suddainly to retire The horsmen to charge and returne again to their place vpon their retire to cause certain sleues of pykes and light Armed to run out to their reskew as though the enemy did pursue them Then the Battillions of the first front to march forward bend their pikes and suddainly after the sound of the retrait to retire themselues orderly betwéen the Battillions of the second front then the second front to march forward and bend their pikes and the other that first retired to make head again vpon the enemy Last of all the Light-horsmen and light Armed footmen again to breake forth as it were to doo execution vpon the enemy fléeing which forme of trayning doth aunswer Ma. Digs his proportion of imbattelling These things if in pastime the souldiours be able orderly to performe there is good hope they wil honorably put it in execution vpon the enemy Otherwise to bring them without trayning to deale with the enemy is nothing els but to leade them to the butcherie As there is nothing more perrillous in giuing of battaile then to lay before the souldiours eyes any place of refuge to flée vnto but that the Generall should declare vnto them that there is no hope to escape but only by victory and heerin to imitate Hanniball so there is nothing more dangerous then to giue the enemy battaile in such a place where in troth hee hath no refuge or possibility to escape for that necessity maketh men desperate it vniteth them together it hath often béen séene that very small cōpanies by such like occasions beeing reduced to desperation thereupon resoluing to sell their liues déerely haue contrary to all expectation attained victory vpon their enemies in number farre greater The General must haue special care that the souldiours haue not in their faces the dust to blind them the wind to disturbe them or the sun beames to anoy them before they enter into any maine encounter the which impediments not only altogether but each one by him selfe alone doth bring great toile trouble and disaduantage Neyther let him lead his souldiours to performe any enterprise of
Tunne Barrell Summa 760. Tunn in Hogshead Barrell By these proportions of Beere is considered for Wood and coale thrée score sixtéene pound ten pence Repration of the appurtenaunces and the waste of the Caske C l. ij s. iiij d' ob For mayntenaunce of ii Clarkes iiii Brewers one Mylller ii Cooperes and iiii Labourers one hundred Lii pound i. s. viii d' Mayntenance of Horse to the Mylles and Cartes for cariage of prouision beside yéeste and graynes Liiij pound ix s. vij d' ob So haue yée for mayntenaunce of the saide charge thrée hundereth foure score two pound fourtéene shillings six pence founde in the rate and price of Béere And more by the petty victuallers for carriage of Béere at xvj d' the Tunne vsed of custome L. pound xiij shillings x d' Summa for maintenance of the Brew-houses and the appurtenances as appeareth foure hundreth xxxiij l. viij s. iiij d' And there appeareth also by the sayde proportions wheate store of Corne and Hoppes will serue the same as followeth In Mault for double Béere at ten bushelles the Tunnne six hundereth thrée score and ten quarters two bushelles and a halfe allowance for waste xxviij quarters a halfe In Mault for strong béere at two quarters the Tunne vi hundereth viij quarters two bushelles and a halfe allowance for waste xxx quarters iij bushels Summa in Mault 1237. quarters and a halfe In Wheat to both proportions as appeareth 133. quarters and halfe a bushell In Oates Lxvi quarters foure bushelles In Hops fiue thousand foure hundreth two quarters xi pound beside the weight of the Hoppe sackes And not withstanding this proportion of Mault Wheat and Hoppes will serue the like Garrison yet considering the place the prouision to bee yéerely in Mault two thousand quarters In Wheat for Béere two hundred fyftie quarters In Oates one hundred and fifty quarters And in good Hoppes eight thousand weight In Cole as a continuall store euery thrée monthes to be renued two hundreth Chadron Spare stones to the Horse myls Double furniture of necessaries for the Brew houses horse myls and Garnars Double furniture of necessaries for the horse and Carts To haue in store of good Caske seruiceable for beere beside that is daily occupyed one hundred Tunne In good Clapboord two great hundred In Wainescots two hundred In Spruce deales two hundred In seasoned Tunstaues two hundred In hoopes as a continuall store to be renued 30. or 40000. In good yron foure Tunne Although some of these are of smal value yet are they not to be spared nor easily to be had in time of seruice and therefore to bee considered All such prouision with Brewe house Bake house and Grayners I haue seene in the Pallace at Barwicke the fift yeere of King Edward the sixt I then hauing the charge of two hundred Pyonars in the fortification there For prouision I count good Maulte may be bought in Cambridgshire such part of Norfolke where the Maulte is very good and in Lincolnshyre for seauen yeeres together by former bargaines for readie money at sixe shyllings and eyght pence the quarter As for Wheate for thys charge is to be had in all places and Oates also Course wheate will serue for Béere so that the best be reserued for bread And wheate that hath taken heate in the carriage not béeing wette with salt water will serue for thys charge to be occupied with other that is good I rate the charges of prouision freight waste and all other except casualtie of the Enemy at iij. s. iiij d' the quarter as before in the charge of the Bakehouse so that Mault may be deliuered at Barwicke cleere of all charges one time with another at ten shillings the quarter There appeareth to be allowed by the Brewer for euery quarter of Mault xiij s. iiij d' and for euery quarter of Wheate xx s. cléere of all charges and waste after the deliuery thereof from aboorde the shyps at Barwick except casualtie of the Enemy being imployed for Béere deliuered in seruice And by the order of prouision the freight waste and all other charges cléered to be profit in euery quarter of Mault and wheat imployed as before except casualtie of the Enemy shipwracke iij. s. iiij d' Sum ij C. xxviij l. viij s. iiij d' As I haue declared great difference in the goodnes of Wheate so is there in Mault much more for the common Mault of Norfolke is not to be compared to good Maulte by foure quarters in euery xx quarters And Mault that is full of wyeuels and wood dryed Mault will make vnsauery drinke to those that are vsed to drink Béere or Ale made with straw dryed Mault yet in time of great seruice both Norfolke Maulte and wood dryed Maulte will serue with other good Maulte and make good drinke also to serue the time Thus for causes of seruice of Bread and Béere I haue sufficiently prooued in these few lynes declared and the charges of the same in all poynts considered adding thereunto a proportion for the rest of the victualing of such a Garison Prouision of Beefe by proportion THat is to say the whole Garison by this order will spende in Béefe xij C. weight a day for j. C. dayes iij. C. Oxen contayning iiij C. weight euery Oxe And for the sayd seruice there they may be bought in Yorkshyre Darbishire Lankeshire the Bishoprick of Durham and deliuered at Barwick aliue cleere of all charges for thrée pound euery Oxe those that are good fat and so large that the carkas dóo wey euery quarter round fiftéene stone at viij l. the stone the one with the other whereof to be allowed for the hyde offall and tallow xv shillings And so of all other Oxen after the rate the fourth part the same did cost aliue either of small or great Hauing licence to transport the hydes ouer sea to be sold to most aduauntage and rating allowance for looking to the Pastures for killing dresâ—…ing and cutting out of euery such Oxe xxiij d' and yet remaineth profit in the Oxe by thys order sixe shyllings eyght pence a peece Sum for the whole proportion â—… C. pound Prouision of Mutton by proportion IN Mutton also for fiftie daies xij C. weyght a day rating the carkas of a shéepe about xlv pounde the one with the other that is thirtie shéepe a day in all xv C. shéepe Such sheepe beeing â—…at and good are to be bought in Lincolnshire Yorkshire and Dâ—…rbishire and deliuered at Barwick aliue for vj. s. viij pence a sheepe cleere of all charges whereof to be allowed xx â—… for the skin 〈◊〉 and tallowe Hauing licence to transport the felles to be sold as before to most aduauntage and rating allowance for looking to the pastures kylling and dressing of euery such shéepe â—…oure pence and yet remaineth profit in euery of the like sheepe sixteene pence Sum for the whole proportion j. C. l. Prouision of Porke by Proportion IN Porke also for thirty two dayes xv