followers said wee must now be of good comfort for when Caius is offended with us God shall work against him for us Leo Bizantius when he was sent Ambassadour to Athens entring into the Assemblie to pacifie a long sedition continuing amongst them provoked laughter to the people for that he appeared so fat in body being furnished with a great paunch or belly but he nothing moved therewith yet knowing the occasion of thâ—…r jeasting cryed Why doe you laugh to see me thus grosse Assure your selves I have a wife farre fatter than my selfe and yet being such and so monsterous a little bed can hold us being quiet together but being at square and variance the whole house is too little and so went on by this occasion with his Oration inducing the people to concord and quiet Philostratus Ambassadours being dispatched to Pirrhus did come to redeem certain prisoners amongst the which Legates was Caius Fabritius whose fame and name was had in great estimation amongst the Romans being a vertuous man in peace and a noble Souldiour in warre but yet very poor which Cineas declared unto the King Whereupon Pirrhus did privately use him very courteously contending with him to take reward of gold at his hands not for any evill cause but as he said as a pledge of friendship and good entertainment the which Fabritius refusing silence was made thereof for that time The next day to the end he might fear Fabritius who never before had seen an Elephant Pirrhus commanded the great beast as they were in talking to be brought and set behind a skreen which was so done then a sign being given the skreen was removed and the Elephant lifting up his nostrill did hang it over the head of Fabritius sounding up a sharp and terrible noyse whereat Fabritius by little and little turning back said to Pirrhus neither thy gold yesterday nor thy beast to day can move me After at supper when talk was had of the Greeks and of the Philosophers Cineas fell to naming of the Epicures reciting what they thought of the Gods and of the Common-wealth how they placed their chiefest felicitie in pleasure how they avoyded the government of the State as troublesome and hurtfull to good life and how the gods were removed from rewarding from anger and from care of to and over us leading an idle life flowing with all pleasure To whom yet thus speaking Fabritius cryed out O God be these Precepts pleasant to Pirrhus and the Samnites whilest they make warre with us Upon the which Pirrhus marvelling at the mind and gravitie of the man did more earnestly studie by breaking off the wars to joyne friendship with the Romans privately inviting Fabritius if the Peace were performed to remain and live with him offering that he should enjoy the chiefest place amongst his friends and Nobles To whom Fabritius is said to have answered in his eare It will not be for thy profit O King for those that do now worship and follow thee if they had made tryall of me would wish me king to thee With which Pirrhus was no whit offended nor took it with a Tyrannicall mind but did declare to Fabritius friends the noble disposition of the man To whose only credit hee did commit the Captives with this condition that if the Senate did deny Peace after their friends saluted and the Saturnals celebrated to the Gods they should be sent back to him again who in like sort the Festivals ended according to the condition were returned to Pirrhus of whom as many as remained at home the Senate put to execution Plutar in Pirrho Two Legates saith Poggius being sent from the Councell of Constance to Petrus Deluna the false Pope did amongst other bitter chidings and hard speeches which they used together upon the right and title of Pontificialitie after that the Pope had said of himselfe this is the Arke of Noah meaning that all the power of the Apostolique See remained with him answer there were many beasts in the Ark of Noah expressing therby that there were many vices in him the Pope and many wicked men in the Church When Sfortia the great being feared with the weapons and awaites of Paulus Ursinus had departed from Rome and placed his Companie in Algido there came to him from the Pope a Legate the Cardinall of St. Angell being of the familie of Columna and was well received into the Citie To which Cardinall amongst many speeches when he had said Shall Sfortia fear a Beare alluding to Ursinus for Ursus in Latine is a Bear in English When hee shall be in most safetie under a Pillar meaning himselfe discended of Columna which in English signifies a Pillar Sfortia suddenly answered Shall not I seem mad unto thee O Father if whilst in vain I crave aide of a dumb and deaf Pillar that great beast fierce with tooth and â—…ayle making hast oftentimes with the pace of a lively man shall not seem fearfull unto me not unpleasantly noting the absence of the Columnians who were far off and lively depainting the wit of Ursinus with his present strength which was at hand And so my good Lord I knit up this matter with many Ambassadours examples wherein is shewed their wit their government their wise answers their gravitie their magnanimitie policie favour and many other excellent things required in an Ambassadour Of which former examples I shall not need to make any Comment or application to your Lordship who by nature have a ready wit to conceive by experience a sound judgement to understand and by studie a heaped knowledge to judge both my intent in writing them their commendations in speaking them and my friend commoditie in reading them And so to other matter concerning Legats to be confirmed by collected examples found in antient and learned Writers CRAP. 3. Ambassadours that dyed in their Embassie AS you have before heard what good things have been commended in Legates and Ambassadours how they have been rewarded honoured esteemed preferred what privileges what entertainment and how many other good things have been belonging unto them So since there is nothing certain in this world nothing happy on every side but that every commoditie brings its discommoditie these men with all these good matters are subject to as many evils misfortunes losses and hinderances as they seem to be adorned with many excellencies And therefore having already spoken of the first part I will come to the later part of this Proposition and lay before your eyes their misfortunes how some have died by the way some have been slain some maymed some blinded and some many other wayes misused as the malice of the doer or the will of the Commander gave in charge for the same And therefore first to Ambassadours that have been slain and dyed in their Embassie The Athenians sent Demades the Orator as Legate to Antipater for that Demades seemed very expert in the Macedonian affaires to require of Antipater that as at the beginning he
had promised so he would bring forth his aide out of Munichia Antipater at first seemed of good disposition towards Demades but after Perdicea being dead and certain of the Kings Letters found amongst the Kings writings in with Demades did exhort Perdicea that hee should speedily passe into Europe against Antipater the favour of Antipater was alyened from Demades so that hee nourished privily cruelty against him Wherfore Demades with his Sonne Demea who with his Father was also Ambassadour urging the performance of the promise were both delivered to the Executioner Diodo li 18. Servius Sulpitius dying in his Legation had a Statue erected to him sitting on horse-back Agapetus the Romane as before you heard comming to the Emperour to excuse the death of Amalasuenta died in his Embassie Porcopius Domatus Accioiolus who wrote the Grammar as I conjecture singularly learned in the Greek and Latine tongue being Ambassadour from the Florentines to Lewis the Eleventh King of France for to joyn in league against Xistus the Fourth Bishop of Rome dyed before he was departed out of the limits of Italy In recompence whereof his Children had many privileges granted and great sums bestowed on them with other money appointed by the Magistrates to the bestowing of his Daughters in Marriage In whose place Guidontanius Vespatius was erected Brutus li 7. Histor. Florenc Claudius Marcellus one of the three Ambassadours sent unto Massinissa into Africa perished by shipwrack a little before the third Punicall warres Livi. li 50. Volater Livius li 17. Iulianus Caesarius the Cardinall and Ambassadour with Udalislaus King of Polonia sent by Eugenius the Fourth chief Bishop against the Turks was slain Volat. li 22. Bassarion Cardinall of Nice who wrote the Historie of the Greeks in the beginning of the Popedome of Xistus whilest he went into France to conclude a Peace between Lewis the King of France and Charles Duke of Burgondie as meaning to sacrifice that for his last offer to God being suspected of th'one part and returning without doing any notable thing in the cause with very griefe of mind died at Ravena iâ—… his journey Volat. li 2 Anthrop The Senate of Venicâ—… did dispatch in Legatioâ—… to the King of Spain Domick Frinisanus and Anthony Boldus to procure as there was truce taken for a time a continuall amitie between those Kings and Charles the King of France who taking their journey Antony being a man of singular eloquence and profound judgement overtaken with sicknesse in the way dyed at Genua In recompence whereof the State and Senate of Venice gave to his Son Gabriel Boldns spirituall livings at Patavia after confirmed to the said Gabriel by Alexander the Pope Bemb li 4. Ven. Histor. Thus these examples sufficing for the proofe of this matter although many other might be vouched thereupon as well out of our English Chronicles as out of other Authors I will now since every man is subject to death and it forceth not before God whether hee die an Ambassadour or no shew what injuries aswell in life as limbe with other disorders have been used unto Legates against Law Reason Equitie Friendship and Christianity CHAP. 7. Ambassadours evilly entreated in their Embassie IT is shewed before in the privileges of Ambassadours that their Immunitie should be such as they ought not to be touched for any offence in their Legation no not for conspiracie against another Prince Then since this was the Law called Ius Gentium which was as touching Legates called Divinum for that commonly they sought to maintain godly Peace How much are those persons Kings or others to be blamed that have offered violence to such men which of themselves doe nothing but execute the commandement of their Superiours to resist whom is punishable as well before God as before men Disobedience being such a vice as God abhorreth Man punisheth Reason misliketh and Law condemneth Wherefore as good Princes have been commended to their perpetuall glory for the liberalitie good using and entertainment of Ambassadours So evill Kings to their continuall shame are registred in remembrance for abusing violating and offending such persons And therefore under this Title I will set down both what Ambassadours have been injured in what sort it was done by whom for what cause and to whose despight it hath been practised as followeth First the Ambassadours of Darius requiring in great words Earth and Water to be given them which amongst the Persians was a token of yielding or subjection were soon headlong thrown into Ditches and some into deep Wells and Dungeons Alexander ab Alexandro li 4. cap. 7. Longius the Legate of Trajane the Emperour as he was talking was circumvented and apprehended Volat. li 23. Anthrop Iohn the Son of Edward being issued from the noble house of the Romans called Columna which ancient familie continueth at this day of which there did flourish two hundred noble personages and being Cardinall of St. Praxedis was Ambassador in the expedition to Hierusalem which was in the year 1200. where hee did almost suffer Martyrdome for he was of the barbarous Enemies included between two posts readie to be cut in sunder unless the Divine providence and his great constancie had not moved them to relent Volat. li 22. Anthrop Aurelius Scaurus Legate from the Cymbries the host being overthrown was taken who being called to the Councell by them did put them in fear lest they should passe the Alps and goe into Italy affirming that the Romans could not be subdued upon which hee was killed by Belus the fierce young King Livius li 67. A. Gabinius the Legate after many things prosperously done against the Lucans and many Towns overthrown was slain at a siege Livius li 76. Henricus Dandalus the Ambassadour of the Venetians for that he liberally uttered certain things had against the Law of Nations his eyes plucked out by Emanuel Emperour of Constantinople Pantaleon the Tyrant of the Eleans did geld certain Legates comming to him and enforced them to eat their own stones Heraclides in Politiis The Egyptians joyning battell with Cambyses King of the Persians in the end took their flight without any order to whom being withdrawn into Memphis Cambyses sent an Herald his Legate being a Persian in a ship of Mitelena They when they saw the ship arrived at Memphis in whole troops comming out of the Citie broke the ship and tore the men into small pieces carrying them into the Town Herodot. li 3. In the second year of the Peloponesian warre the Lacedemonians experiencing all devises to overthrow the riches of Athens sent Legates unto Artaxerxes into Asia which should require aid and money to the use of the warre and also should as they made their passage through Thracia attempt Sitalces whether hee would be withdrawn from the societie of the Athenians with which Ambassadours was Aristius Corinthius Trinagoras Togeates and Pollis Argivus in his own name going to the King These repairing into Asia and passing
tediousnesse of the matter and indigestion in the method doe will mee with speed remembring Solomons divine Speech That in multiloquio non deest peccatum to draw to my journeys end left my weary hand and my tyred Pen thinking to reach to a further place doe break their wind and cast their Master into the myre whose end is then farre worse than his hastie beginning And thus to the last title CRAP. 12. Of Persons sent divers times in Embassie AS the end for every thing maketh the same happy or evill as the Proverb is Bonus exitus omnia probat so of a good beginning by grace continued for vertue attempted with order executed by good mindes performed of necessitie there must ensue a good end no lesse worthy such a beginning For as the good life is cause of a good and quiet death So the milde and godly death declare the former good life of the Person And therefore since my beginning by intent was good the continuance for matter not unprofitable for order not altogether confused and for the commoditie that may ensue not to bee rejected since this benefit commeth thereby that although it bee not worthy the reading of your honour and although it bring no great learning to others yet to mee who travell my wit and hand my studie and pen therewith it bringeth advantage I hope a good end and conclusion of matter will follow For as the beginning of this Treatise was in the commendation of the wise learned and worthy Ambassadours So with like end in praise of them and their travell I will finish this simple Treatise And for that there is nothing can beautifie their person increase their honour augment their substance win love of their Countrie gain credit amongst strangers favour of their Prince and friendship amongst all men than oftentimes to supply the place of so weightie and honourable a charge Therefore I will say somewhat of divers persons who divers times to divers Princes and in divers matters have won singular commendations therefore committing all other matters to silence which I could speak of them and their office Since these Messengers of Princes to Princes had their first originall from the Angellicall Order of Archangells who are made the Ambassadours of God to great Personages in great matters either of Revelation of the successe of Kingdomes as Gabriel was to Daniel or of opening some rare and strange thing as hee was also to the Virgin of the Conception of the Saviour of our Souls and Redeemer of us from our Sinnes For this is certain that there is no order or government in this world as well Ecclesiasticall as Temporall but it is had from the pattern of the Celestiall Hierarchie Since God Created the world and appointed the government thereof according to the Architype chiefe pattern or Ideall forme of the same conceived in the divine mind and ordered in the Celestiall Hierarchy But enough of this and perchance to some cavelling heads who as yet have not tasted the sweet kernell of the hard Nut too much to bee discovered And so once again to my Ambassadours which divers times have enjoyed that Function whereof I although I might produce many good and present examples both of our own Countrie in our own remembrance and living in our present dayes As of your Lordship of whom for modesty I will forbear to speak who have now twice been Ambassadour And of Master Doctor Nicholas Wootton who being Counsellour to four Princes was also divers times Ambassadour of Sir Iohn Mason likewise and many other our Countrie-men yet I will only here powre out of the small store of my Collections such as in times past in forraign Nations have enjoyed such high and honourable title Caius Lelius Ambassadour to Africa going into Spain was Governour in the expugnation of New Carthage as Livie witnesseth who also being sent Ambassadour from Scipio to Syphaces for conclusion of friendship did lead with him certain Tribunes expert in the feats of Arms under the form of Servants to the intent to descrie the manner of the Countrie as writeth Frontinus in which Legation hee wisely wrought that Syphaces became friend to the Romans Volat. li 16. Urb. Com. Aegidius Carilla was sent from Innocent the sixth high Bishop to conclude the matters of Italy who being by birth a Spaniard of the Nation of Carilla was so singular wise in the despatch of his affaires in the absence of the Bishop that he pacified the State of the Church at that time miserably vexed with many and great tumults which man also of Urban the sixth being again sent into Italy brought under the obedience of Count Barnabas molesting the quiet of the Bishop who likewise before of Urban the Fifth was sent Legate into Italy Volat. li 22. Anthropo Quintus Cicero the brother of Marcus Tullis Cicero the Legate of Caesar in France was the chiefe in 14. Embassies Volat. 29. Epiphanius the most holy Bishop did execute the office of many Legations for Theodericus King of the Goths and for many others who alwayes returned most happy in that every thing in those severall causes succeeded well according to his mind Ennodius in ejus vita And so concluding this Title of such persons as have divers times supplied the office of an Ambassador with the number of foure Forraigne examples thinking the same number in Arithmetick to possesse vertue As all the Divines both Latines Greeks and Hebrews aswell Cabalists as others doe fully agree and not without great reason most learnedly and Christianly do maintain against unlearned and foolish opinions of such as doe grossly judge such hidden mysteries of numbers to be superstitious contrary to Scripture which voucheth that God made the world in waight number and measure which three doe signifie Musick Arithmetique and Geometry of which number of Four I referre the Discourse to another more convenient time I will in few words set end unto this my unorderly but well meaning Discourse of Ambassadours in a short Epilogue by way of recapitulation knitting up the summe of all that which before in those Examples have been so hudled up together in hotch-poch Wherefore first it apâ—…eareth that Ambassaâ—…ours having their examâ—…le from Heaven and â—…heir originall upon earth were used in all Ages â—…n all matters amongst all men of sundrie Nations of the Jewes Gentiles Greeks Barbarians Latines and other people Secondly that he who in honour should furnish the place of such a person must be free born no bond-man stout and valiant not dastard-like or a coward that he must be learned not ignorant wise not foolish quick of wit not blockish and dull faithfull no traytor that he must be rewarded not suffered to consume his substance That hee must in his Embassie bee well intreated not abused murthered or have any villanie or injury permitted to be done unto him and that hee must be of good calling and estimation in his Countrie before hee be sent not a Crafts-man a Serving-man a common Citizen a mean Priest an Advocate or a defamed person either for Perjurie Simonie Treacherie or any other kind of evill life For if he be unfurnished with these vertues and garnished with these vices hee is not only not worthy to supply the place of Embassie in a Forraign Nation where hee shall doe his Countrie good his Prince honour and himselfe good and credit But hee rather well deserveth as a wicked and hatefull person to be banished into some other Countrie there to rid his Common-wealth of such an evill member to become opprobrious to other Nations and in all places of the world to receive due punishment for his evill deservings Thus having ended my Christmasse work done in the middest of my Christmasse plaies as may appear by the Christmasly handling thereof 〈◊〉 after Christmasse consecrate the same to your honourable acceptance not as a thing worthy your desert and judgement but as a thing that answereth my desire and good meaning The which I beseech your Lordship to accept as lovingly from mee as it is presented willingly by mee unto you with whom as soon as by leasure I might and as by learning I was able and as a body born out of time but yet thinking it better late than never I deemed it my dutie to congratulate your return with some such poor gift as the Reliques of my spoyled Librarie in the time of mine impoverishing and infortunate trouble would yield mee abilitie to bestow And thus most humbly commending me to your Honourable liking committing you to the Almighties protection dutifully take my leavâ—… this eighth of Ianuari 1578. at Longleate Yours FINIS Quintil. â—…i 2. cap. 1. â—…ellius li. 〈◊〉 cap. 14. â—…initus â—…22 cap. â—…de honest â—…scipl â—…elius â—…i 20. â—…ap 11. Paulus Iovius lib. 28. â—…ex ab â—…ex lib. 5. 〈◊〉 3. Alex. ab Alex. lâ—… 4. cap. 21. Aerodius â—…itus Liviâ—…s Dec. 4. 〈◊〉 8. â—…heatrum â—…itae huâ—…anae â—…ol 14. 〈◊〉 5. Valer. Max. li. 6 cap. 6. Livius lib. 45. Valer. Max. Plinius Ioseph li 6. cap. 17 Volater lâ—… 12. Anthrop Ignatius li 6. cap. 2. Polidor de Inven. lib. 4. M. 2. Byusomius li. 3. cap. 30. Plutarch in Lacon Brus li 2. Sap 1. Brus li 3. cap. 30. Plutarch in Artaxerxe Plutarch in Alexandro Iovius in vita mag. Sfortiae Ioseph li 15. cap. 18. Antiquiâ—…at
THE PERFECT AMBASSADOVR TREATING OF The Antiquitie Priveledges and behaviour of Men belonging to that Function By F. T. Esquire LONDON Printed for Iohn Colbeck at the Phoenix neer the little North-door of S. Pauls Church 1652 To the Right Honourable his singular good Lord WILLIAM Lord COBHAM Lord Warden of the Cinque·Ports FRANCIS THYNN wisheth perpetuall health further increaâ—…e of honour and good successe in all his Honourable Attempts ALthough my very good Lord neither according to my honest desire nor your honorable desert wch worthily may challenge from me a farre more dutifull service than my attendance upon you into Flanders I could not in person as I did in good will be present in the same Journey where I both might have reaped profit and your Lordship been fully ascertained of my good mind towards you for that I protest unto you remaining in this out-nook of the little world where London newes is somewhat scant and the Princes affaires very seldome known I had no intelligence of your so honourable place of Embassie in this year of Christ 1578. untill two daies after your departure The which bred some corsey of a Melancholy conceipt in me by reason of my foolish negligence that would no oftner direct my Letters to crave intelligence from London And by reason of the unkind forgetfulnes of my kindred friends remaining there who would not vouchsafe so much courtesie in a matter so much desired by me and of so small a trouble to them as to direct their Letters to me thereof Wherefore sorrowing for that which is past that I could not as the rest of my kindred friends did assume such enterprize upon me and yet not only rejoycing at your honourable entertainment of the good success of the wise Dispatch and of the orderly behaviour wherwith your Lordship was received beyond the Seas but also desirous by pen amongst the rest of your wel-willers at this your happy and desired return to congratulate your Lordship with the tokens of my old vowed fidelitie as a sign of my hidden joy conceived of your safe arrival I have thought it my challenged duty to direct this tedious Discourse unto you containing aswell the unfolding of my former griefs As laying open to your sight the rejoycing of my well-willing heart And for that other occasion doth not so fitly minister cause to me in other sort to present my self unto you than by saying somewhat wch may doth concerne Embassadours Therefore as wel for that the time is most apt for the man to whom I write having supplied such place for that it also putteth me in mind of your honourable courteous talk which you have often used unto me in like matters I will here in affaires of Embassie to an Ambassadour present my labours the Ambassadours of their absent Master make discourse of things belonging to Embassie Wherein I will shew the original Privileges the Wisdom the Valour the quick wits other the behaviours of Ambassadours as examples for us in all respects to immitate For as Seneca saith in his sixth Epistle Longum iter est per praecepta breve efficax per exemplum of which kind of people that is of Ambassadours Legats or Deputies Messengers of Princes and of the Orators of Kings For all these severall termes do include one Function exercised in divers manners because there are sundry sorts somewhat different from the custome of our age I will not only intreat as they were in times past amongst the magnificent Romans in the middest of their greatest glory But I wil also in like order collect and digest the usage and duty of them as they are now used put in office by Princes Kings and Emperors for the executing of their determined pleasure In which my good Lord if any thing shall be found that for want of more diligent search may seem faulty consider that Bernardus non videt omnia Wee are no Gods wee can say no more than reasonable conjâ—…cture or former Authority may lead us unto But if in the placing of the same in the apt sentences or in the sweet composition of stile there appear default impute the same to the want of leisure and to the rude hasty writing of him who was never brought up in any Vniversitie and I seek not fucum ver borum so I may have ipsam veritatem materiam solidam And thus this far of that And so into my purposed matter The Table CHAP. 1. fol. 1. OF the Name or first Invention of Legates or Ambassadours 1. CHAP. 2. That other Naetions besides the Romans used Ambassadours 6 CHAP. 3. What persons are meete to be Ambassadours 13. CHAP. 4. What Lawes and Privileges were made and allowed for and to Ambassadours 34 CHAP. 5. Apothegmes or Wise and pleasant Answers given and made by and to Ambassadours 50 CHAP. 6. Of Amdassadours that dyed in their Embassie 73 CHAP. 7. Of Ambassadours evilly intreated in their Embassie 82 CHAP. 8. The revengement of Crueltie used to Ambassadours against the Law of Nations 117 CHAP. 9. Of Ambassadours evilly rewarded at their return into their Country 130 CHAP. 10. Of trayterous Ambassadours towards their Masters and Princes 140 CHAP. 11. Of the foolish sayings and doings of Ambassadours 160 CHAP. 12. Of Persons sent divers times in Embassie 176 The Application of certain Histories concerning Ambassadors and their Functions c. CHAP. 1. Of the Name or first Invention of Legates or Embassadours THE name of Legate is taken divers wayes being somtimes reputed for any kind of Magistrate or for any person that executeth aâ—… office for and under another especially in any other Countrie than his own being substitute in the place of his Superiour The which persons so appointed the ancient Romans did call Legates the Majesty of whom the Bishop of Rome presenting in his Monarchicall Government of the Church doth at this present observe having in every Countrie subject to his Dominion a Legat sometimes permanent and sometimes temporaneall called Legates à latere as he were his assisting Deputie or his Deputie sent â—…rom his side The Roâ—…an Legates lay their â—…eads together as Counâ—…ellours and what so was â—…eedfull to bee done it â—…as determined by their Counsell and agreement â—…nd at the length establiâ—…ed by the judgement â—…nd rule of the Legate Agesilaus amongst forâ—…aign Nations is found â—…o have supplied the place â—…f a Legate although he â—…ere the greatest Comâ—…ander of the warres so much accounted and in â—…uch great honour was his office deemed to be among them Wherein as there be many notable things besides that which hee hath uttered of Legates which most properly in this place are holden Deputies as are the name of the offices and officeRs amongst the Romans foâ—… there were the Lictors Qâ—…estors Praetors Tribune Consul Emperour and such like whereof I mean not at this time to intreat as well for avoyding tediousness as for that they are impertinent to this matter and for