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cause_n	good_a	great_a	time_n	5,928	5	3.4202	3	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A50437	Medicus absolutus adespotos the compleat physitian, qualified and dignified : the rise and progress of physick, historically, chronologically, and philosophically illustrated : physitians of different sects and judgements, charactered and distinguished : the abuse of medicines, imposture of empericks, and illegal practisers detected : cautioning the diseased in the use of medicines, and informing them in the choice of a good physitian / by Everard Maynwaring ...	Maynwaringe, Everard, 1628-1699?	1668 (1668)	Wing M1497; ESTC R32063	68,087	196

Chance that you did not expect the second Experience is Ex proposito when one does purposely and designedly make a tryal the third is Experientia imitatrix when a Physitian useth or rejecteth those things which in the like cases he has found to do good or hurt and this is that Experience chiefly meant which constituteth that Emperical Art upon which bottom this Emperical Sect was founded and denominated Those men judged Reason useless in their practice and trusted wholy to Experience and therefore did not trouble themselves about examining of Causes and searching into the abstruse nature of Diseases and Bodies but herein differ the Empericks of ancient times and these in our daies for they profess and own nothing but Experience to be their Guide and Master and herein they were ingenious but our Empericks pretend not only Experience but great Knowledge when they are very ignorant in Philosophy and the Tongues now the ancient Empericks and the modern neither make inspection into the Disease it self or the Cause by a rational discourse and investigation being unable so to do but altogether fix their eyes upon the Phaenomena the external and sensible appearances the syndrome and concurrence of Symptomes which historically they have noted in the like Cases and therefore do give the same Remedies This Sect in ancient times flourished chiefly amongst the Egyptians as Herodotus reports every Disease almost had a particular Physitian some were for the Eyes others for the Teeth some for the Feet others for the Hand and so each of them applyed themselves to the Cure of some particular part of the Body Men of note of this Sect were Serapio Philinus Apollonius Glaucius Heraclitus Tarentinus Menodotus c. But in process of time finding their blind Experiments to deceive them which they wholy relyed on they began to establish themselves upon a better foundation and did inquire into Causes and the nature of things Themison Laodicaeus introduced and was Author of that Sect called the Methodists Methodists who held that the knowledge of Causes did not conduce to the Cure nor had they any consideration of the Sick in respect of Temperament Age Custome Sex strength of the Patient time of the Year Region or any thing else which a good Physitian ought to have but only looked upon the Disease in facto esse as it appeared by the Dianosticks and from thence only they took their indication for Cure They made their Art very compendious and short and asserted against Hypocrates who pronounced Vitam brevem artem longam Aphor. that the Art of Physick was neither long not hard and Thessalus would vainly boast and promise to teach it in six months without the assistance of any other learning They reduced all Diseases under these two Heads Astriction and Laxity for which two general Medicines they appointed an Astringent for Laxity and a Laxative for Astriction and one of these was used in all Cases of this Sect was Saranus Antipater Thessalus Trallianus and others The vanity of whose Art was such that I need not use any Argument to refute their Opinions I come now to the Rational Physitians Rational Physitians who are the considerable Party that deserve to be insisted upon and rightly understood they were stiled Rational Physitians because by a strict ratiotination they did search into the Causes of all things and were not contented to trust Experience only for their Rule and Guide as the Emperical Sect but did joyn Reason with Experience to confirm and ascertain the truth of what they did believe they took Cognisance of the whole frame of Nature and dived into the Secrets thereof they brought under examination the natural action and proprieties of all things they considered accuratly the Frame of Man's Body in its natural and preternatural state what was conducing to preserve him in health and what would free him from sickness they took an account of all the preternatural affects that humane bodies were incident to how procured how differenced and discerned and how to be remedied and this they did establish by Rules and Precepts to constitute and settle the Medicinal Art upon a hand some and certain foundation These Rational Physitians though aiming all well and industriously tending towards one end yet differed much in their Progress and Medicines to attain it and still continue so to this day Of these there are two grand dissenting Parties Dogmatists or Galenists and Chymists or Hermetic Physitians they were called Dogmatists from the many Opinions that did arise amongst themselves and now called Galenists from Galen their great Patron whom they assert and profess themselves to be his Disciples and own his Doctrine Galen lived about six hundred years after Hypocrates Galen and practised Physick at Athens Alexandria and Rome where he was in great fame and splendor he was a very learned man and intended the honour and good of the Profession as appears by his great labour and pains which he took in writing so many Volumes of Physick and crushing the Emperical Sect and Methodists that defamed this excellent Art but for all this he was not so fortunate in his works as to build the stately structure of Physick which he had notably framed upon a right foundation which caused him to accumulate errors that his voluminous Writings are of little advantage except to those who are wary and intelligent and rightly principl'd that know how to pick and chuse such I say may make some good use of his Works but they that admire and read him so as to swallow all that 's presented and become a perfect Disciple of his such shall never be excellent in the true knowledge of Physick if they persist Doubtless had this great Physitian been acquainted with the discoveries in Physick which some Physitians in these dayes are Masters of his parts and industry were such he had excelled all before and after him and Galen then would not have been a Galenist but a Chymist I shall not note the failings of this great man others have sufficiently done that already yet many there are that think his Works most perfect at least will have them so Servilia quorundam recentiorum ingenia satis mirari non possum Senert Co● ct disse● Chym. cum Gal●● qui scribere ausi sunt se cum antiquis errare malle quam cum recentioribus verum dicere sayes Sennertus So addicted are many jurare in verba magistri they will maintain the Credit of their Patrous right or wrong But Julius Scaliger notes the pertinacious defence of antique Authors to be very injurious to truth and increase of knowledge Equidem saepenumerò miratus sum mortalium vel audaciam vel pertinaciam Lib. 3. de Caus Ling. Lat. qui tuentur errores quos ii qui commiserunt si viverent emendarent Many there are who dotingly do so adore their Patrons that they will maintain such tenents of theirs as they themselves had they been alive now

Rodericus Bishop of Zamora complaining of the Empericks of those times and so goes on Adde quod multa millia hominum talium Medicorum insipientia aut inexperientia cadant quod dum unum morbum curare satagunt plures inducunt Although the Chymical Emperick and the Galenick are much alike in their qualifications to practice Physick that what is said of the one may serve to decipher and warn you of the other that I need not name them distinctly yet more particularly I shall describe the Cheating Chymist who is the more dangerous fellow of the two and a disgrace to the most learned profound art of Chymistry At his very first designing and entrance upon Physick he falls to work upon the making of Medicines and practising upon the Sick he never thinks that seven years study is required and little enough to lay a foundation before practice no he cannot stay so long he is for present getting of Money not for spending of Money And now he begins to practice he is an expert learned Physitian the very first day he begins he boasts of great Cures he hath done and what is it he cannot cure He will talk as confidently and lye as handsomly as if he had been at the Trade a long time telling you what wonderful Cures he hath performed and what Patients have gone through his hands Nihil audacia doctius ignorantia audacius Hypocrat He brags much of his Experience for Reason he can produce little He takes the Title of Chymical Doctor upon him when perhaps he never saw the inside of a University he vilifies University Learning but loves University Honour and thinks himself wronged if you call him not Doctor if you speak of a Doctor of Physick that is so indeed he slights his Title and counts Degrees of no value but the Doctoral Title he hath conferred on himself that he expects you take good notice of and reverence him for He gains his knowledge a new way not by University Philosophy nor in the Schools but amongst his Furnaces and he is Philosophus per ignem a Philosopher by the Fire and they that meddle with them are sure to burn their fingers This working Chymist we will consider him as Inceptor in the beginning of his practice or as Adeptus by the length of time more experienced in making Medicines At first he is a barbarous fellow and kills desperately and few scape that comes in his Clutches without a mischief but carrie about them memento's of his Craft He falls to work at first dash with Antimony and Mercury and makes Medicines enough to depopulate a City After many sad disasters in his practice he begins to be more wary and by doleful experience to the Sick is taught to make more safe and gentle Medicines Jam melius didicit periculis vestris By time if the man be ingenious and follows his work diligently in meliorating his Medicines and improving his experiments is well accommodated with a Laboratory and Utensils he will be able to make some good Medicines and becomes a better operator then formerly but a great many have paid dearly for his skill but their mouths are stopt with earth that they cannot complain of his hard usage and he proceeds on in his practice boldly and smoothly and now after his long Adventures and hazardous Experiments to instruct him we will be so candid and favourable to him in our opinions as to consider him equal with the Shop Chymist and suppose him to understand the working part of Chymistry that he is able to make any Medicine according to the progress laid down in any Author or Pharmacopeian And now being arrived hither if he would leave practising upon the Sick and keep only to making of Medicines and make them faithfully to sell for the use of Physitians Apothecaries or others that desire them or be an operator to Physitians and Tyroe's in Chymistry this man might live more happily and free from blame But he is loth to leave his old wont Bonus odor lucri though unjustly gotten his practise brought in Money and having usurped the Doctorship he thinks scorn to be degraded and take his own proper Title again he will be a Doctor still so long as any body will think him so or repair to him and rather then his Custom shall fail he will have twenty crafty tricks to hook in Patients Such Medicasters as these London now abounds with other parts of the Kingdom has too many such scattered here and there to the disparagement of Physick Freitag and the learned Professors Imposturas horum medicastrorum emendet Magistratus Caveat vulgus it belongs to the Magistrate to reform these abuses and the people to be warned of such Impostors Here I shall leave this Cheating Chymist at his cunning deceits and jugling with his Patients and shew you his Capacity and Ability to practice Physick supposing him at the best which few of them attain to a good operator and prepater of Chymical Medicines I must confess to make good Medicines and be well skilled in Pharmacy is one good part of a Physitian nay a principal part but where is all the rest to compleat him Here is a Body but no Head here are Medicines but where is Skill to use them there is a great deal more required to qualifie a Physitian besides Medicines I can take a Ploughman and learn him to make Medicine in some reasonable time but what then I may make him a good work-man but not a good Physitian this man I may teach to work well with his hands but he is not capable to work with his head he has not the rudiments and ground-work of Philosophy to fit and capacitate him for such an employment That man which intends the practice of Physick must be qualified with good Literature and lay a Philosophical foundation that he may be able to discourse and reason with himself the causes and effects of things both in Nature and Art that he may be able to judge and examine the Opinions and Doctrine of men in the same faculty to adhere to this or that according to right reason The Furniture required to accommodate and fit a Physitian is much and requires a good time to be gathering together he must be instituting and fitting up from his youth taking in Literature betimes Ars longa vita brevis est and gradually compleating step by step from one part of Learning to another untill he be throughly qualified for the Art or Science he is designed for Ubi desinit Physicus ibi incipit Medicus A man is not to meddle with Physick untill he has run through Natural Philosophy this is the foundation he stands upon and when he comes to the study of Physick Ars Medendi he has a long progress to make before he comes to the Pharmaceutick part the contrivance of Medicines this is the last work he hath to do he is now come to the top of the Ladder here

so certain a Medicine to effect a Cure as you affirme Answ I grant you the first part of your objection but the inference from thence is not good I never said that a Catholick medicine is infallibly successful in its operation A Catholick Medicine may fail and may frustrate your and my expectation sometimes Perhaps one in twenty or forty may not find the usuall and expected benefit as the rest receives but this was the most probable Medicine to do it before tryal this is more certain in operation this seldomer fails then any other nor is there any Medicine in the world that cures all or never misseth its wonted success Optandum potius quam sperandum tale medicamentum sayes Sennertus such a Medicine may be desired but we have no hopes to expect it if such Medicines were Providence would be resisted Sickness would be slighted and Mortality baffled but there is nothing in nature or art that alwayes and infallibly can free mortals from their languishings and infirmities Non est in medico semper relevetur ut aeger Interdum docta plus valet arte ma lum The best medicine in the world may fail sometimes and be frustrated of its wonted success and therefore this does not defame or derogate from the Catholick Medicine since there is no Medicine but does will and must fail sometimes but this as seldom as any nay more certain in operation then any and more to be relyed on If a Catholick Medicine be the most certain Qu●● efficacious and best Medicine then where a Catholick Medicine can do no good there is no hopes in any other medicine but the Patient must languish under his disease The best Medicine in the world may sail sometimes Solution and a more inferiour may do what that could not in some particular cases and bodies I have known a true Catholick Medicine to miss in its common success and excellency of operation in some one person now and then one in a hundred perhaps shall not receive that benefit and advantage which all the rest have what is to be done then Is this person to be given over for desperate No I have then appropriated a Medicine which I thought might better agree with such a particular body avoiding what I thought might be disgusting or disagreeing with that peculiar nature or something else to be added which this special case might require as the operation of the first Medicine hath hinted and dictated to me and then a much inferiour medicine in point of art hath done that in some bodies and complicated diseases which a more excellent medicine could not effect And this particular propriety of body no man can give a sufficient reason for it nor perhaps well understand why the one medicine failed and why the other had success so mysterious and hidden are the operations of nature in their causes sometimes that the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is apparent the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 very obscure and conjectural and there is no way to find out peculiar different proprieties of bodies in such cases but by variation of medicines and rational tryals He that practiseth with Catholick medicines of his own preparation is not tyed up to them that he cannot go farther in Cures then they will carry him nor alter if there be occasion he that can rightly design and work medicines up to their Catholick operation knows how to appropriate medicines if there be occasion for any special case and person as well as any man whatever and if I should say better the assertion is rational and easie to be proved for his experiments are so many in his various tryals of preparation and use before his medicines be Catholick and radical that he receives more satisfaction in the nature and vertues of all medicinal Ingredients then any other that is but a speculator in medicines no operator he sees and knows their various proprieties both genuine and artificial their discord and concord and Protean natures in several preparations and vatious associations this with that which knowledge furnisheth him with variety of medicines for all occasions whatever that he is never at a loss for medicines and carries a better Pharmacopoeia in his head then another hath in his Library and he being not only a Pharmacopaeian and Operator in medicinal preparations but also a Compleat Physitian knows what to aim at in every particular and special case he can adapt a medicine proper and peculiar where his Catholick Medicines fail and is as ready at this practice for contriving and designing special and peculiar Medicines according to such and such indications with as much reason and facility as any Professor in this Faculty He is not like the Emperick that a hath few common Medicines and can do no more then that stock of Medicines he hath pickt up can enable him the Compleat Physitian is not limited or tyed to any set forms of Medicines Catholick or other but he is an ex temporo man if need be he can and does vary upon all occasions necessary requiring it but otherwise he preferrs the Catholick Medicines in whose distinct operations he placeth much confidence as most safe and certain to make the first onset and progress in their due order for the eradicating of a contumacious disease Objection You speak much in the commendation of Catholick Medicines but it seems strange to me that one Medicine can apply fitly to several differently diseased and of different Constitutions some are Cholerick some Phlegmatick some Melancholick that which is good for one is not good for another one must have a Medicine to purge Flegme another to purge Choler c. as the diversity of humours abound and is the cause of this or that disease Answer I grant you there are bodies differing in their superfluous humours and degenerate matter lodged here or there infesting this or that part which causeth variety of diseases or symptomatical appearances but notwithstanding a good radical medicine carryes all this matter off be it this or that not respecting the diversity of its nature if it lie within spear of its activity that is if it lie in such a region of the body where this Medicine dischargeth its operation for evacuating or purging Medicines do not work elective by attracting this or that humour paricularly as you imagine and as the world is made to believe but purgers operate excitative fermamentive and abstersive by excitation and provocation of nature to expulsion by putting nature upon fermentation and separation of the pure from the impure and by stmulating abstersive properties and this is the nature and effect of a true purgative Medicine so that there is no particular purger for this or that humour some for Phlegme and others for Melancholy and some for Choler this is a great mistake and those purgets that are so accounted and supposed peculiar attractives as Senna Agarick Coloquintida Hellebore Rhubarb Scammony c. most in use are of a deleterious