fidelity_n to_o she_o the_o next_o day_n she_o be_v receive_v with_o solemn_a procession_n into_o the_o bishop_n church_n at_o winchester_n the_o bishop_n lead_v she_o on_o the_o right_a hand_n and_o bernard_n bishop_n of_o saint_n david_n on_o the_o left_a there_o be_v present_v many_o other_o bishop_n as_o alexander_z bishop_n of_o lincoln_n and_o nigel_n bishop_n of_o ely_n the_o nephew_n of_o roger_n late_o imprison_v robert_n bishop_n of_o bath_n and_o robert_n bishop_n of_o worcester_n with_o many_o abbot_n within_o a_o few_o day_n after_o come_v theobald_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n to_o the_o empress_n invite_v by_o the_o legate_n but_o defer_v to_o do_v fealty_n unto_o she_o as_o hold_v it_o unworthy_a his_o person_n and_o place_n without_o have_v confer_v first_o with_o the_o king_n and_o therefore_o he_o with_o many_o prelate_n and_o some_o of_o the_o laity_n by_o permission_n obtain_v go_v to_o the_o king_n to_o bristol_n the_o council_n break_v up_o the_o empress_n keep_v her_o easter_n at_o oxford_n be_v she_o own_o town_n short_o upon_o easter_n a_o council_n of_o the_o clergy_n be_v again_o call_v to_o winchester_n where_o the_o first_o day_n the_o legate_n have_v secret_a conference_n with_o every_o bishop_n apart_o and_o then_o with_o every_o abbot_n and_o other_o which_o be_v call_v to_o the_o council_n the_o next_o day_n he_o make_v a_o public_a speech_n show_v how_o the_o cause_n of_o their_o assembly_n be_v to_o consult_v for_o the_o peace_n of_o their_o country_n in_o great_a danger_n of_o utter_a ruin_n repeat_v the_o flourish_a reign_n of_o his_o uncle_n the_o peace_n wealth_n and_o honour_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o his_o time_n and_o how_o that_o renown_a king_n many_o year_n before_o his_o death_n have_v receive_v a_o oath_n both_o of_o england_n and_o normandy_n for_o the_o succession_n of_o his_o daughter_n maude_n and_o her_o issue_n but_o say_v he_o after_o his_o decease_n his_o daughter_n be_v then_o in_o normandy_n make_v delay_n to_o come_v into_o england_n where_o for_o that_o it_o seem_v long_o to_o expect_v order_n be_v to_o be_v take_v for_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o country_n &_o my_o brother_n be_v permit_v to_o reign_v and_o although_o i_o interpose_v myself_o a_o surety_n between_o god_n and_o he_o that_o he_o shall_v honour_v and_o exalt_v the_o holy_a church_n keep_v and_o ordain_v good_a law_n yet_o how_o he_o have_v behave_v himself_o in_o the_o kingdom_n it_o gricue_v i_o to_o remember_v and_o i_o be_o ashamed_a to_o repeat_v and_o then_o recount_v he_o all_o the_o king_n course_n with_o the_o bishop_n and_o all_o his_o other_o misgovernment_n and_o then_o say_v he_o every_o man_n know_v i_o ought_v to_o love_v my_o mortal_a brother_n but_o much_o more_o the_o cause_n of_o my_o immortal_a father_n &_o therefore_o see_v god_n have_v show_v his_o judgement_n on_o my_o brother_n and_o suffer_v he_o without_o my_o knowledge_n to_o fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o power_n that_o the_o kingdom_n may_v not_o miscarry_v for_o want_v of_o a_o ruler_n i_o have_v call_v you_o all_o hither_o by_o the_o power_n of_o my_o legation_n yesterday_o the_o cause_n be_v move_v in_o secret_a to_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o clergy_n to_o who_o the_o right_n appertain_v to_o elect_v and_o ordain_v a_o prince_n and_o therefore_o after_o have_v invoke_v as_o it_o be_v meet_v the_o divine_a aid_n we_o elect_v for_o queen_n of_o england_n the_o daughter_n of_o the_o peaceful_a glorious_a rich_a good_a and_o in_o our_o time_n the_o incomparable_a king_n and_o to_o she_o we_o promise_v our_o faith_n and_o allegiance_n when_o all_o who_o be_v present_a either_o modest_o give_v their_o voice_n or_o by_o their_o silence_n contradict_v it_o the_o legate_n add_v the_o londoner_n who_o be_v in_o respect_n of_o the_o greatness_n of_o their_o city_n as_o among_o the_o optimacie_n of_o england_n we_o have_v by_o our_o messenger_n summon_v and_o i_o trust_v they_o will_v not_o stay_v beyond_o this_o day_n to_o morrow_n we_o will_v expect_v they_o the_o londoner_n come_v be_v bring_v into_o the_o council_n show_v how_o they_o be_v send_v from_o the_o commonalty_n of_o london_n not_o to_o bring_v contention_n but_o prayer_n that_o the_o king_n their_o lord_n may_v be_v fir_v from_o captivity_n and_o the_o same_o do_v all_o the_o baron_n receive_v within_o their_o liberty_n earnest_o beseech_v of_o my_o lord_n legate_n and_o all_o the_o clergy_n there_o present_a the_o legate_n answer_v they_o at_o large_a and_o lofty_o according_a to_o his_o speech_n the_o day_n before_o and_o add_v that_o the_o londoner_n who_o be_v hold_v in_o that_o degree_n in_o england_n ought_v not_o to_o take_v their_o part_n who_o have_v forsake_v their_o lord_n in_o the_o war_n by_o who_o council_n the_o church_n have_v be_v dishonour_v and_o who_o favour_v the_o londoner_n but_o for_o their_o own_o gain_n then_o stand_v there_o up_o a_o chaplayne_n to_o queen_n maude_n wife_n to_o stephan_n and_o deliver_v a_o letter_n to_o the_o legate_n which_o he_o silent_o read_v and_o then_o say_v aloud_o that_o it_o be_v not_o lawful_a in_o the_o assembly_n of_o so_o many_o reverend_a and_o religious_a person_n the_o same_o shall_v be_v public_o read_v contain_v matter_n reprehensible_a the_o chaplayne_v not_o to_o fail_v in_o his_o message_n bold_o read_v the_o letter_n himself_o which_o be_v to_o this_o effect_n that_o the_o queen_n earnest_o entreat_v all_o the_o clergy_n there_o assemble_v &_o namely_o the_o bishop_n of_o winchester_n the_o brother_n of_o her_o lord_n to_o restore_v he_o unto_o the_o kingdom_n who_o wicked_a man_n which_o be_v also_o his_o subject_n hold_v prisoner_n to_o this_o the_o legate_n answer_v as_o to_o the_o londoner_n and_o short_o after_o the_o council_n break_v up_o where_o in_o many_o of_o the_o king_n part_n be_v excommunicate_v namely_o william_n martell_n a_o especial_a man_n about_o the_o king_n who_o have_v much_o displease_v the_o legat._n hereupon_o a_o great_a part_n of_o england_n willing_o accept_v of_o maude_n in_o who_o business_n her_o brother_n robert_n employ_v all_o his_o diligence_n and_o best_a care_n reform_v justice_n restore_v the_o law_n of_o england_n promise_v relievement_n and_o whatsoever_o may_v be_v to_o win_v the_o people_n the_o legate_n second_v all_o his_o course_n but_o now_o she_o be_v at_o the_o point_n of_o obtain_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n all_o come_v sudden_o dash_v by_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o londoner_n who_o adhere_v to_o the_o other_o side_n begin_v open_o to_o inveigh_v against_o she_o who_o in_o something_o whatsoever_o it_o be_v have_v displease_v they_o and_o they_o have_v plot_v to_o surprise_v she_o in_o their_o city_n whereof_o she_o have_v notice_n secret_o withdraw_v herself_o accompany_v with_o her_o uncle_n david_n king_n of_o scot_n who_o be_v come_v to_o visit_v she_o and_o her_o brother_n robert_n unto_o oxford_n a_o place_n of_o more_o security_n the_o legate_n himself_o take_v or_o make_v a_o occasion_n to_o be_v flacke_a in_o her_o cause_n upon_o her_o deny_v he_o a_o suit_n for_o his_o nephew_n eustace_n the_o son_n of_o stephan_n about_o the_o inheritance_n of_o his_o earldom_n of_o mortaigne_a in_o normandy_n beside_o the_o queen_n regnant_a watchful_a over_o all_o opportunity_n find_v mean_n to_o parley_v with_o the_o legate_n set_v upon_o he_o with_o her_o tear_n entreaty_n promise_n and_o assurance_n for_o the_o king_n reformation_n in_o so_o much_o as_o she_o recall_v he_o to_o the_o affection_n of_o nature_n bring_v he_o about_o again_o to_o absolve_v such_o of_o the_o king_n part_n as_o he_o have_v late_o excommunicate_v the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n see_v this_o sudden_a and_o strange_a relapse_n of_o their_o affair_n strive_v by_o all_o mean_n to_o hold_v up_o opinion_n and_o requicken_a the_o legate_n disposition_n which_o to_o keep_v sound_a be_v all_o he_o bring_v the_o empress_n to_o winchester_n settle_v she_o and_o her_o guard_n in_o the_o castle_n where_o she_o desire_v to_o speak_v with_o the_o legate_n who_o first_o delay_n then_o deny_v to_o come_v whereupon_o they_o call_v their_o best_a friend_n about_o they_o queen_n maude_n and_o the_o lord_n encompass_v the_o town_n and_o cut_v off_o all_o victual_n from_o the_o empress_n so_o that_o in_o the_o end_n the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n wrought_v mean_n to_o have_v she_o convey_v from_o thence_o to_o the_o vies_z but_o himself_o be_v take_v and_o in_o he_o most_o of_o she_o this_o set_v the_o side_n both_o even_o again_o into_o the_o list_n of_o their_o trial_n the_o two_o prisoner_n be_v to_o redeem_v each_o other_o the_o disproportion_n of_o the_o quality_n between_o they_o show_v yet_o there_o be_v a_o evenness_n of_o power_n and_o the_o earl_n will_v not_o consent_v to_o the_o king_n delivery_n who_o only_o in_o that_o be_v
surname_v atheling_n to_o say_v the_o noble_a edgar_n either_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o youth_n which_o yet_o be_v no_o bar_n to_o his_o right_n or_o be_v bear_v and_o breed_v a_o stranger_n little_o know_v or_o know_v to_o the_o kingdom_n have_v his_o claim_n neglect_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o this_o pious_a king_n and_o harald_n son_n to_o the_o earl_n godwin_n second_o 1066._o the_o next_o day_n after_o be_v preferredto_o the_o crown_n whether_o by_o any_o title_n he_o may_v pretend_v from_o the_o danicque_n king_n as_o descend_v from_o that_o nation_n and_o as_o some_o report_n son_n to_o githa_n sister_n to_o swain_n or_o by_o mere_a election_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o nobility_n we_o can_v say_v but_o it_o seem_v the_o press_a necessity_n of_o the_o time_n that_o require_v a_o more_o man_n to_o undergo_v the_o burden_n of_o war_n and_o that_o trouble_n the_o world_n be_v like_a to_o fall_v into_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o claim_v now_o make_v both_o by_o the_o dane_n and_o norman_n cast_v it_o sudden_o upon_o he_o as_o the_o most_o eminent_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n both_o by_o the_o experience_n of_o his_o own_o deserve_n and_o the_o strength_n of_o his_o alliance_n neither_o do_v he_o fail_v but_o in_o fortune_n to_o make_v good_a this_o election_n take_v all_o the_o best_a course_n both_o for_o the_o well-ordering_a of_o the_o state_n and_o all_o provision_n for_o defence_n that_o a_o politic_a and_o active_a prince_n can_v do_v but_o be_v to_o deal_v in_o a_o break_a world_n where_o the_o affection_n of_o man_n be_v all_o disjoint_a or_o dash_v with_o the_o terror_n of_o a_o approach_a mischief_n fail_v as_o usual_o be_v see_v in_o these_o public_a fear_n both_o in_o their_o diligence_n and_o courage_n to_o withstand_v it_o soonefound_v more_o then_o enough_o to_o do_v and_o the_o first_o man_n which_o begin_v to_o disturb_v his_o new_a government_n be_v his_o own_o young_a brother_n toustayne_v who_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o late_a king_n edward_n have_v the_o government_n of_o northumberland_n be_v for_o his_o pride_n and_o immanities_n show_v in_o those_o part_n banish_v the_o kingdom_n and_o now_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o former_a conceive_a hatred_n against_o his_o brother_n easy_o set_v on_o by_o the_o duke_n of_o normandy_n and_o baldovin_n earl_n of_o flanders_n who_o two_o daughter_n the_o duke_n and_o he_o have_v marry_v assail_v first_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n and_o after_o set_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o kent_n whence_o he_o be_v chase_v by_o the_o power_n of_o harald_n and_o force_v to_o withdraw_v into_o the_o north_n part_n and_o there_o seek_v to_o land_n be_v likewise_o repulse_v by_o the_o earl_n morchar_n and_o edwin_n who_o sister_n harald_n have_v marry_v then_o crave_v he_o aid_v of_o the_o scot_n and_o after_o of_o harald_n surname_v harfager_n king_n of_o norwey_n be_v then_o take_v in_o the_o orchades_n and_o exercise_v piracie_n in_o those_o part_n who_o he_o induce_v with_o all_o his_o force_n to_o invade_v england_n and_o land_v at_o tinmouth_n discomfeit_v their_o first_o encounter_n they_o march_v into_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o kingdom_n without_o resistance_n near_o stamford_n king_n harald_n of_o england_n meet_v they_o with_o a_o puissant_a army_n and_o after_o long_a and_o eager_a fight_n end_v the_o day_n with_o victory_n and_o the_o death_n of_o his_o brother_n toustayne_v and_o the_o king_n of_o norwey_n but_o from_o hence_o be_v he_o call_v with_o his_o weary_a and_o break_a force_n to_o a_o more_o fatal_a business_n in_o the_o south_n for_o now_o william_n duke_n of_o normandy_n pretend_v a_o right_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n by_o the_o testament_n of_o the_o late_a king_n edward_n his_o kinsman_n upon_o the_o advantage_n of_o a_o busy_a time_n and_o the_o disfurnishment_n of_o those_o part_n land_v at_o pemsey_n not_o far_o from_o hastings_n in_o sussex_n near_o to_o which_o place_n be_v try_v by_o the_o great_a assize_n of_o god_n judgement_n in_o battle_n the_o right_a of_o power_n between_o the_o english_a and_o norman_a nation_n a_o battle_n the_o most_o memorable_a of_o all_o other_o and_o howsoever_o miserable_o lose_v yet_o most_o noble_o fight_v on_o the_o part_n of_o england_n and_o the_o many_o wound_n of_o harald_n there_o slay_v with_o the_o heap_n of_o thousand_o of_o the_o english_a show_n how_o much_o be_v wrought_v to_o have_v save_v their_o country_n from_o the_o calamity_n of_o foreign_a servitude_n and_o yet_o how_o so_o great_a a_o kingdom_n as_o england_n then_o be_v can_v with_o one_o blow_n be_v subdue_v by_o so_o small_a a_o province_n as_o normandy_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o it_o can_v never_o after_o come_v to_o make_v any_o general_a head_n against_o the_o conqueror_n may_v seem_v strange_a do_v not_o the_o circumstance_n forenoted_n and_o other_o concurrent_a cause_n in_o the_o next_o book_n to_o be_v declare_v give_v we_o fair_a and_o probable_a reason_n thereof_o beside_o the_o indisposition_n of_o a_o disease_a time_n as_o it_o be_v describe_v by_o such_o as_o live_v near_o it_o may_v give_v we_o great_a evidence_n in_o this_o examination_n for_o they_o say_v the_o people_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v by_o their_o be_v secure_a from_o their_o former_a enemy_n the_o dane_n and_o their_o long_a peace_n which_o have_v hold_v in_o a_o manner_n from_o the_o death_n of_o king_n edmond_n ironside_n almost_o 50_o year_n grow_v neglective_a of_o arm_n and_o general_o debaush_v with_o luxury_n and_o idleness_n the_o clergy_n licentious_a and_o only_o content_a with_o a_o tumultuary_a learning_n the_o nobility_n give_v to_o gluttony_n venery_n and_o oppression_n the_o common_a sort_n to_o drunkenness_n and_o all_o disorder_n and_o they_o say_v that_o in_o the_o last_o action_n of_o harald_n at_o stamford_n the_o brave_a man_n perish_v and_o himself_o grow_v insolent_a upon_o the_o victory_n retain_v the_o spoil_n without_o distribution_n to_o his_o soldier_n not_o enure_v to_o be_v command_v by_o martial_a discipline_n make_v they_o discontent_n and_o unruly_a and_o come_v to_o this_o battle_n with_o many_o mercenary_a man_n and_o a_o discontent_a army_n give_v great_a occasion_n to_o the_o lamentable_a loss_n thereof_o beside_o the_o norman_n have_v a_o peculiar_a fight_n with_o long_a bow_n wherewith_o the_o english_a than_o altogether_o unacquainted_a be_v especial_o overthrow_v and_o yet_o their_o own_o writer_n report_v how_o the_o main_a battallion_n of_o the_o english_a consist_v of_o bill_n their_o chief_a and_o ancient_a weapon_n hold_v in_o a_o body_n so_o close_o lock_v together_o as_o no_o force_n can_v dissolve_v they_o till_o the_o norman_n feign_v to_o fly_v draw_v they_o to_o a_o disorder_a pursuit_n and_o so_o they_o excuse_v the_o fortune_n of_o the_o day_n and_o thus_o my_o noble_a lord_n have_v i_o in_o the_o straight_a course_n the_o uneven_a compass_n of_o antiquity_n can_v direct_v i_o get_v over_o the_o wide_a and_o intricate_a passage_n of_o those_o time_n that_o lie_v beyond_o the_o work_n i_o purpose_n more_o particular_o to_o deliver_v the_o end_n of_o the_o first_o book_n the_o second_o book_n of_o the_o history_n of_o england_n the_o life_n of_o william_n 1._o i_o come_v now_o my_o noble_a lord_n of_o rochester_n to_o write_v of_o a_o time_n wherein_o the_o state_n of_o england_n receive_v a_o alteration_n of_o law_n custom_n fashion_n manner_n of_o live_v language_n writing_n with_o new_a form_n of_o fight_n fortification_n building_n and_o general_o a_o innovation_n in_o most_o thing_n but_o religion_n so_o that_o from_o this_o mutation_n which_o be_v the_o great_a it_o ever_o have_v we_o be_v to_o begin_v with_o a_o new_a account_n of_o a_o england_n more_o in_o dominion_n abroad_o more_o in_o state_n and_o ability_n at_o home_n and_o of_o more_o honour_n and_o name_n in_o the_o world_n then_o heretofore_o which_o by_o be_v thus_o undo_v be_v make_v as_o if_o it_o be_v in_o her_o fate_n to_o get_v more_o by_o her_o loss_n than_o her_o better_a fortune_n for_o as_o first_o the_o conquest_n of_o the_o dane_n bring_v she_o to_o the_o intyre_a government_n she_o ever_o possess_v at_o home_n and_o make_v she_o most_o redoubt_a of_o all_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o north_n so_o do_v this_o of_o the_o norman_a by_o come_v in_o upon_o she_o make_v a_o way_n to_o let_v she_o out_o and_o stretch_v her_o mighty_a arm_n over_o the_o sea_n into_o the_o goodly_a province_n of_o the_o south_n for_o before_o these_o time_n the_o english_a nation_n from_o their_o first_o establishment_n in_o this_o land_n about_o the_o space_n of_o 500_o year_n never_o make_v any_o sally_n out_o of_o the_o isle_n upon_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n but_o busy_v at_o home_n in_o a_o divided_a state_n hold_v a_o break_a government_n with_o the_o dane_n
furtherance_n my_o noble_a lord_n viscount_n rochester_n to_o write_v a_o brief_a history_n of_o the_o principal_a affair_n temporal_a of_o england_n especial_o from_o the_o come_n of_o the_o norman_a to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o line_n of_o tewdor_n a_o work_n i_o know_v great_a and_o difficult_a be_v to_o be_v raise_v of_o many_o scatter_a piece_n variable_a &_o uncertain_a relation_n of_o time_n diverse_o affect_v wherein_o notwithstanding_o i_o vow_v to_o be_v of_o no_o other_o side_n then_o of_o truth_n or_o as_o near_a truth-likelinesse_n as_o i_o possible_o can_v get_v nor_o will_v produce_v any_o thing_n but_o out_o of_o the_o best_a approve_a monument_n domestical_a and_o foreign_a hold_v it_o a_o impiety_n to_o misfashion_v the_o memory_n of_o time_n past_a and_o suit_v they_o to_o our_o present_a like_n and_o discourse_n or_o to_o mislead_a the_o credulity_n of_o man_n by_o make_v up_o the_o opinion_n of_o antiquity_n with_o improbality_n consider_v we_o be_v not_o so_o tie_v to_o stand_v to_o the_o fame_n of_o thing_n as_o to_o suffer_v our_o understanding_n to_o be_v abuse_v nor_o yet_o so_o free_v to_o traffic_n all_o upon_o our_o own_o conjecture_n without_o custom_n of_o tradition_n or_o so_o to_o undervalue_n the_o discretion_n of_o former_a time_n as_o if_o we_o be_v of_o a_o great_a dimension_n and_o peremptory_o to_o censure_v those_o action_n who_o cause_n and_o counsel_n we_o know_v not_o have_v nothing_o but_o the_o event_n as_o dead_a carcase_n to_o show_v we_o what_o their_o live_a motion_n be_v and_o though_o i_o have_v a_o desire_n to_o have_v deduce_v this_o breviarie_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o first_o british_n king_n as_o they_o be_v register_v in_o their_o catalogue_n yet_o find_v no_o authentical_a warrant_n how_o they_o come_v there_o i_o do_v put_v off_o that_o desire_n with_o these_o consideration_n that_o a_o lesser_a part_n of_o time_n and_o better_o know_v be_v more_o then_o enough_o for_o my_o ability_n and_o it_o be_v but_o our_o curiosity_n to_o search_v further_o back_o into_o time_n past_a than_o we_o may_v well_o discern_v and_o whereof_o we_o can_v neither_o have_v proof_n nor_o profit_n how_o the_o beginning_n of_o all_o people_n and_o state_n be_v as_o uncertain_a as_o the_o head_n of_o great_a river_n and_o can_v not_o add_v to_o our_o virtue_n and_o peradventure_o little_a to_o our_o reputation_n to_o know_v they_o consider_v how_o common_o they_o rise_v from_o the_o spring_n of_o poverty_n piracy_n robbery_n and_o violence_n how_o soever_o fabulous_a writer_n to_o glorify_v their_o nation_n strive_v to_o abuse_v the_o credulity_n of_o after_o age_n with_o heroical_a or_o miraculous_a beginning_n see_v state_n as_o man_n be_v ever_o best_o see_v when_o they_o be_v up_o and_o as_o they_o be_v not_o as_o they_o be_v besides_o it_o seem_v god_n in_o his_o providence_n to_o check_v our_o presumption_n wrap_v up_o all_o thing_n in_o uncertainty_n bar_v we_o out_o from_o long_a antiquity_n and_o bound_n our_o search_n within_o the_o compass_n of_o a_o few_o age_n as_o if_o the_o same_o be_v sufficient_a both_o for_o example_n and_o instruction_n to_o the_o government_n of_o man_n for_o have_v we_o the_o particular_a occurrent_n of_o all_o age_n and_o all_o nation_n it_o may_v more_o stuff_n but_o not_o better_o our_o understanding_n we_o shall_v find_v still_o the_o same_o corespondency_n to_o hold_v in_o the_o action_n of_o man_n virtue_n and_o vice_n the_o same_o though_o rise_v and_o fall_v according_a to_o the_o worth_n or_o weakness_n of_o governor_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o ruin_n and_o mutation_n of_o state_n to_o be_v alike_o and_o the_o train_n of_o affair_n carry_v by_o precedent_n in_o a_o course_n of_o succession_n under_o like_a colour_n but_o yet_o for_o that_o the_o chain_n of_o this_o business_n have_v a_o link_n of_o dependency_n with_o those_o former_a time_n we_o shall_v show_v the_o passage_n of_o thing_n the_o better_a if_o we_o take_v but_o a_o superficial_a view_n of_o that_o wide_a and_o uncertain_o relate_v state_n of_o this_o land_n since_o the_o candle_n of_o letter_n give_v we_o some_o little_a light_n thereof_o which_o be_v since_o the_o roman_n make_v it_o a_o tributary_n province_n to_o their_o empire_n for_o before_o as_o it_o lay_v seclude_v out_o of_o the_o way_n so_o it_o seem_v out_o of_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o world_n for_o julius_n caesar_n be_v but_o on_o the_o other_o side_n in_o gaul_n can_v not_o attain_v to_o any_o particular_a information_n of_o the_o state_n of_o britain_n by_o any_o mean_n he_o can_v use_v but_o by_o certain_a merchant_n of_o who_o he_o get_v together_o as_o many_o as_o he_o can_v who_o tell_v he_o something_o of_o the_o cost-towne_n but_o of_o the_o state_n and_o condition_n of_o the_o indweller_n they_o can_v say_v nothing_o either_o so_o incurious_a be_v they_o offurth_a knowledge_n than_o what_o concern_v their_o trade_n or_o the_o people_n here_o so_o wary_a to_o keep_v their_o state_n reserve_v &_o unknown_a to_o stranger_n and_o yet_o caesar_n give_v out_o that_o they_o sub-ayded_n the_o gaul_n against_o he_o and_o make_v it_o the_o occasion_n of_o his_o quarrel_n and_o invasion_n of_o the_o land_n whereof_o he_o only_o subdue_v the_o south_n part_n and_o rather_o show_v it_o than_o win_v it_o to_o the_o roman_a empire_n but_o now_o what_o be_v the_o state_n and_o form_n of_o government_n among_o the_o britain_n before_o this_o subjection_n the_o first_o certain_a notice_n we_o have_v be_v also_o by_o the_o same_o caesar_n who_o tell_v we_o how_o they_o be_v divide_v into_o many_o several_a state_n nominate_v 5._o 4._o prince_n of_o kent_n by_o the_o title_n of_o king_n how_o cassevillaunus_fw-la by_o the_o common_a counsel_n be_v elect_v in_o this_o their_o publicque_a danger_n 4._o to_o have_v the_o principal_a administration_n of_o the_o state_n with_o the_o business_n of_o war_n and_o afterward_o how_o the_o city_n send_v their_o hostage_n unto_o he_o whereby_o we_o perceive_v it_o be_v no_o monarchy_n as_o it_o be_v report_v to_o have_v be_v but_o like_a to_o the_o gaul_n with_o who_o it_o be_v then_o one_o in_o religion_n &_o much_o alike_o in_o fashion_n &_o language_n divide_v into_o a_o multitude_n of_o petty_a regiment_n without_o any_o entire_a rule_n or_o combination_n as_o now_o we_o see_v all_o the_o west_n world_n late_o discover_v to_o be_v and_o general_o all_o other_o country_n be_v in_o their_o first_o and_o natural_a free_a nakedness_n before_o they_o come_v to_o be_v take_v in_o either_o by_o some_o predominant_a power_n from_o abroad_o or_o grow_v to_o a_o head_n within_o themselves_o of_o strength_n and_o understanding_n to_o overmaister_n and_o dispose_v of_o all_o about_o they_o introduce_v such_o form_n of_o rule_n as_o ambition_n or_o their_o other_o necessity_n shall_v beget_v and_o such_o be_v they_o the_o state_n of_o brityane_n gaul_n spain_n germany_n and_o all_o the_o west_n part_n of_o europe_n before_o the_o roman_n overgrow_a first_o the_o people_n of_o italy_n in_o like_a manner_n divide_v do_v by_o strength_n and_o cunning_a unlock_v those_o liberty_n of_o they_o and_o such_o as_o be_v then_o term_v king_n be_v but_o as_o their_o general_n in_o war_n without_o any_o other_o great_a jurisdiction_n within_o those_o small_a limit_n they_o hold_v so_o that_o to_o tell_v we_o of_o the_o state_n of_o a_o monarchy_n in_o this_o land_n before_o that_o time_n as_o if_o alone_a unlike_a or_o more_o in_o state_n then_o all_o other_o nation_n be_v to_o give_v entertainment_n to_o those_o narrow_a conceit_n as_o apprehend_v not_o the_o progress_v in_o the_o affair_n of_o mankind_n and_o only_o the_o invention_n of_o such_o as_o take_v all_o their_o reason_n from_o the_o example_n and_o idea_n of_o the_o present_a custom_n they_o see_v in_o use_n for_o have_v there_o be_v a_o absolute_a monarch_n in_o these_o part_n which_o may_v have_v affront_v the_o roman_n with_o the_o power_n of_o a_o well-united_a state_n it_o have_v be_v impossible_a for_o they_o have_v oftentimes_o much_o to_o do_v even_o with_o some_o poor_a prince_n of_o a_o small_a territory_n to_o have_v circumvent_v or_o confound_v with_o all_o their_o stratagem_n &_o injustice_n the_o peace_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o world_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o they_o do_v and_o though_o the_o britayne_n be_v then_o simple_a and_o have_v not_o that_o firebrand_n of_o letter_n yet_o seem_v they_o more_o just_a and_o honest_a and_o bring_v forth_o on_o the_o stage_n of_o action_n man_n as_o magnanimous_a and_o touch_v with_o as_o true_a a_o sense_n of_o honour_n and_o worthiness_n as_o themselves_o but_o have_v no_o firm_a combinement_n to_o chain_n they_o together_o in_o their_o public_a danger_n they_o lay_v loose_a to_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o common_a enemy_n work_v
and_o none_o or_o small_a supply_n from_o the_o roman_n lay_v open_a to_o the_o rapine_n and_o spoil_n of_o their_o northern_a enemy_n who_o take_v the_o advantage_n of_o this_o disfurnishment_n never_o leave_v till_o they_o have_v reduce_v they_o to_o extreme_a misery_n which_o force_v they_o to_o implore_v the_o aid_n of_o aetius_n praefect_n of_o gaul_n under_o valentinian_n 3._o and_o that_o in_o so_o lamentable_a manner_n their_o ambassador_n in_o tear_a garment_n with_o sand_n on_o their_o head_n to_o stir_v compassion_n as_o aetius_n be_v move_v to_o send_v force_n to_o succour_v they_o and_o cause_v a_o wall_n to_o be_v raise_v upon_o the_o trench_n former_o make_v by_o adrian_n from_o sea_n to_o sea_n of_o 8._o foot_n thick_a and_o 12._o high_a inter-set_a with_o bulwark_n which_o the_o roman_a soldier_n and_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o britayne_n fit_a for_o that_o work_n then_o war_n with_o great_a labour_n effect_v and_o so_o aetius_n leave_v they_o again_o once_o more_o free_v and_o defend_v from_o their_o enemy_n advise_v they_o from_o thenceforth_o to_o inure_v and_o employ_v their_o own_o force_n without_o any_o more_o expectation_n of_o succour_n from_o the_o roman_n who_o overwrought_a with_o other_o business_n can_v not_o attend_v affair_n that_o lay_v so_o far_o off_o no_o soon_o have_v the_o enemy_n intelligence_n of_o the_o departure_n of_o these_o succour_n but_o on_o they_o come_v notwithstanding_o this_o fortification_n batter_v down_o the_o wall_n overthrow_v the_o defender_n and_o harrow_v the_o country_n worse_o than_o before_o whereupon_o again_o this_o miserable_a people_n send_v to_o aetius_n use_v these_o word_n to_o aetius_n thrice_o consul_n the_o sigh_n of_o the_o britayne_n and_o after_o thus_o complain_v the_o barbarous_a enemy_n beat_v we_o to_o the_o sea_n the_o sea_n beat_v we_o back_o to_o the_o enemy_n between_o these_o two_o kind_a of_o death_n we_o be_v either_o murder_v or_o drown_v but_o their_o imploration_n prevail_v not_o for_o aetius_n at_o that_o time_n have_v enough_o to_o do_v to_o keep_v his_o own_o head_n and_o valentinian_n the_o empire_n which_o now_o endure_v the_o last_o convulsion_n of_o a_o die_a state_n have_v all_o the_o part_n and_o province_n thereof_o miserable_o rend_v and_o tear_v with_o the_o violence_n of_o strange_a nation_n so_o that_o this_o be_v also_o in_o the_o fate_n of_o britain_n to_o be_v first_o make_v know_v to_o perish_v by_o and_o with_o the_o roman_a state_n which_o never_o suffer_v the_o people_n of_o this_o land_n to_o have_v any_o use_n or_o knowledge_n of_o arm_n within_o their_o own_o country_n leave_v they_o upon_o their_o dissolution_n naked_a and_o expose_v to_o all_o that_o will_v assail_v they_o and_o so_o end_v the_o roman_a government_n in_o 447._o britain_n which_o from_o their_o first_o invasion_n by_o julius_n caesar_n to_o this_o valentinianus_n 3_o have_v continue_v the_o space_n of_o 500_o year_n in_o all_o which_o time_n we_o find_v but_o these_o 7._o british_a king_n nominate_v to_o have_v reign_v theomantius_fw-la cunobelinus_n guiderius_n aruiragus_n marius_n coelus_n and_o last_o lucius_n who_o be_v crown_v with_o immortal_a honour_n for_o plant_v christian_a religion_n within_o this_o land_n all_o other_o from_o lucius_n to_o vortigern_n who_o succeed_v this_o relinquishment_n be_v roman_a governor_n this_o be_v brief_o so_o much_o of_o especial_a note_n as_o i_o can_v collect_v out_o of_o the_o roman_a history_n concern_v the_o state_n and_o government_n of_o britain_n find_v elsewhere_a little_a certainty_n and_o from_o hence_o forth_o during_o their_o short_a possession_n of_o this_o land_n far_o less_o whereof_o gildas_n the_o britain_n complain_v lay_v the_o cause_n on_o the_o barbarism_n of_o their_o enemy_n who_o have_v destroy_v all_o their_o monument_n &_o memorial_n of_o time_n britaniae_fw-la past_a and_o though_o himself_o write_v about_o 40._o year_n after_o the_o invasion_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o be_v next_o these_o time_n we_o come_v now_o to_o remember_v yet_o have_v he_o leave_v in_o his_o enigmatical_a passion_n so_o small_a light_n thereof_o as_o we_o discern_v very_o little_a thereby_o nor_o have_v the_o britayne_n any_o honour_n by_o that_o antiquity_n of_o he_o which_o overblack_v they_o with_o such_o ugly_a deformity_n as_o we_o can_v see_v no_o part_n clear_a accuse_v they_o to_o be_v neither_o strong_a in_o peace_n nor_o faithful_a in_o war_n and_o universal_o cast_v those_o aspersion_n on_o their_o manner_n as_o if_o he_o labour_v to_o inveigh_v not_o to_o inform_v and_o though_o no_o doubt_n there_o be_v as_o ever_o be_v in_o these_o period_n of_o state_n a_o concurrency_n of_o disorder_n and_o a_o general_a looseness_n of_o disposition_n that_o meet_v with_o the_o fullness_n of_o time_n yet_o be_v there_o no_o doubt_n some_o mixture_n of_o worth_n and_o other_o notion_n of_o that_o age_n wherewith_o aftertime_n will_v have_v be_v much_o please_v to_o have_v have_v acquaintance_n but_o it_o seem_v his_o zeal_n in_o that_o respect_n wide_o than_o his_o charity_n take_v up_o the_o whole_a room_n of_o his_o understanding_n to_o who_o the_o reverence_n of_o antiquity_n and_o his_o title_n of_o sapiens_fw-la do_v now_o give_v sanctuary_n &_o we_o must_v not_o presume_v to_o touch_v he_o such_o be_v the_o state_n of_o britain_n leave_v without_o arm_n or_o order_n when_o vortigern_n either_o by_o usurpation_n or_o faction_n become_v king_n and_o be_v say_v to_o be_v the_o author_n of_o the_o first_o call_v in_o or_o employ_v be_v in_o the_o saxon_n to_o make_v good_a his_o own_o extablishment_n and_o the_o safety_n of_o his_o kingdom_n against_o the_o pict_n and_o scot_n the_o saxon_n at_o this_o time_n possess_v the_o three_o saxon_n part_n of_o germany_n hold_v all_o the_o country_n between_o the_o river_n rhine_n and_o ell_n bound_v on_o the_o north_n by_o the_o baltique_a sea_n and_o the_o ocean_n on_o the_o south_n by_o silua_n hircinia_n and_o divide_v by_o the_o river_n visurgis_n into_o ostphalia_n and_o westphalia_n govern_v by_o a_o optimacie_n of_o 12._o prince_n with_o a_o election_n of_o a_o sovereign_a leader_n for_o the_o business_n of_o war_n this_o be_v so_o spacious_a populous_a and_o near_o a_o country_n well_o furnish_v with_o ship_v which_o the_o britayne_n have_v not_o yield_v ever_o plentiful_a mean_n to_o supply_v the_o undertaker_n of_o this_o action_n which_o be_v first_o 2._o brother_n hengist_n and_o horsa_n with_o all_o necessary_a provision_n upon_o every_o fit_a occasion_n after_o they_o have_v be_v here_o a_o while_n as_o stipendary_n and_o find_v the_o debility_n of_o prince_n &_o people_n their_o number_n soon_o increase_v and_o first_o they_o have_v the_o isle_n of_o thanet_n allow_v they_o to_o inhabit_v then_o the_o whole_a country_n of_o kent_n be_v make_v over_o to_o hengist_n by_o transaction_n under_o covenant_n to_o defend_v the_o land_n against_o the_o pict_n and_o scot_n and_o upon_o the_o marriage_n of_o vortigern_n with_o the_o daughter_n or_o niece_n of_o hengist_n a_o exceed_a beautiful_a lady_n bring_v over_o of_o purpose_n to_o work_v on_o the_o dotage_n of_o a_o dissolute_a prince_n large_a privilege_n be_v grant_v so_o that_o by_o this_o alliance_n and_o the_o fertillity_n of_o the_o land_n be_v draw_v in_o so_o many_o of_o this_o populous_a and_o military_a nation_n that_o kent_n in_o short_a time_n grow_v too_o narrow_a for_o they_o and_o hengist_n to_o distend_v their_o power_n into_o other_o part_n advise_v vortigern_n to_o plant_v a_o colony_n of_o they_o in_o the_o north_n beyond_o humber_n to_o be_v a_o continual_a guard_n against_o all_o invasion_n that_o way_n which_o be_v grant_v he_o send_v for_o otha_n his_o brother_n and_o son_n ebusa_n with_o great_a supply_n out_o of_o saxony_n to_o furnish_v that_o diseigne_n and_o so_o come_v the_o saxon_n to_o have_v first_o domination_n in_o kent_n and_o northumberland_z which_o contain_v all_o the_o country_n from_o humber_n to_o scotland_n and_o now_o begin_v of_o servant_n master_n to_o contemn_v their_o enterteynor_n and_o commit_v many_o insolence_n whereupon_o the_o british_a nobility_n depose_v combine_v themselves_o depose_v vortigern_n the_o author_n of_o this_o improvident_a admission_n and_o britain_n elect_v vortimer_n his_o son_n a_o prince_n of_o great_a worth_n who_o whilst_o he_o live_v which_o be_v not_o long_o give_v they_o many_o fierce_a encounter_n but_o all_o prevail_v not_o for_o the_o saxon_n be_v possess_v of_o the_o principal_a gate_n of_o the_o land_n lie_v open_a on_o their_o own_o country_n to_o receive_v all_o supply_n without_o resistance_n have_v the_o advantage_n to_o wear_v they_o out_o of_o all_o in_o the_o end_n and_o beside_o force_n they_o be_v say_v to_o have_v use_v treachery_n in_o murder_a 300_o of_o the_o british_a nobility_n at_o a_o assembly_n of_o peace_n at_o amesburie_n where_o they_o take_v their_o king_n prisoner_n
it_o ever_o a_o bar_n in_o his_o way_n and_o hinder_v his_o stand_a clear_a stand_v he_o never_o so_o high_a the_o noble_n of_o normandy_n soon_o after_o his_o father_n death_n by_o much_o entreaty_n get_v he_o out_o of_o the_o french_a king_n hand_n think_v the_o have_v he_o among_o they_o will_v add_v more_o grace_n to_o his_o counsellor_n and_o such_o as_o be_v in_o office_n and_o the_o state_n of_o a_o court_n awe_z his_o state_n the_o better_a but_o soon_o they_o find_v the_o have_v his_o person_n without_o his_o power_n be_v but_o to_o put_v they_o out_o into_o more_o discord_n and_o faction_n for_o present_o follow_v the_o murder_a and_o poison_v of_o governor_n displace_v officer_n intrusion_n supplantation_n surprizing_n and_o recovering_n of_o his_o person_n by_o a_o nobility_n stubborn_a haughty_a and_o incompatible_a of_o each_o other_o precedency_n or_o nearness_n but_o this_o be_v the_o least_o as_o be_v do_v all_o for_o his_o person_n now_o follow_v more_o dangerous_a practice_n against_o it_o his_o right_n be_v quarrel_v by_o competitor_n clear_a in_o blood_n and_o great_a in_o mean_n whereof_o the_o first_o though_o far_a off_o in_o descent_n be_v roger_n the_o tresny_n bring_v a_o fair_a line_n from_o roll_n and_o much_o proof_n of_o his_o own_o worth_n by_o have_v get_v great_a experience_n in_o the_o sarazine_n war_n in_o spain_n whereby_o upon_o his_o return_n entertain_v and_o feast_v the_o great_a and_o especial_a man_n of_o worth_n he_o be_v grow_v powerful_a well_o follow_v and_o belove_v of_o many_o in_o so_o much_o that_o at_o length_n measure_v his_o own_o height_n he_o urge_v what_o wrong_v it_o be_v that_o a_o bastard_n and_o a_o child_n shall_v be_v prefer_v before_o he_o in_o the_o succession_n of_o that_o duchy_n his_o ancestor_n have_v noble_o get_v and_o what_o a_o shame_n the_o norman_n a_o people_n of_o that_o worth_n will_v endure_v to_o be_v so_o govern_v see_v they_o have_v other_o of_o the_o renown_a race_n of_o roll_n william_n and_o richard_n duke_n of_o normandy_n of_o a_o lawful_a and_o direct_a line_n if_o they_o hold_v he_o unworthy_a to_o inherit_v the_o state_n and_o impatient_a as_o be_v ambition_n that_o cuer_v ride_v without_o reins_n of_o any_o long_a delay_n bring_v his_o claim_n to_o a_o strong_a battle_n in_o the_o field_n which_o by_o the_o valiancy_n of_o roger_n de_fw-fr beaumount_n be_v utter_o defeat_v and_o himself_o with_o he_o 2._o brethren_n slay_v whereby_o all_o fear_n that_o way_n be_v extinguish_v and_o the_o reputation_n of_o the_o duke_n and_o he_o so_o much_o advance_v as_o the_o king_n of_o france_n notwithstanding_o his_o tutelarie_a charge_n take_v from_o he_o the_o castle_n of_o thuilliers_n and_o demolish_a it_o pretend_v the_o insolence_n commit_v there_o by_o the_o garrison_n upon_o his_o subject_n and_o make_v show_v as_o yet_o only_o to_o keep_v thing_n even_o but_o long_o it_o be_v not_o ere_o he_o plain_o bewray_v his_o mind_n aid_v in_o person_n william_n earl_n of_o arques_n brother_n to_o duke_n robert_n and_o son_n to_o richard_n 2._o make_v his_o claim_n to_o the_o duchy_n and_o bring_v a_o mighty_a army_n to_o succour_n arques_n assiege_v by_o conte_n guiffard_n the_o duke_n general_n who_o by_o a_o stratagem_n so_o train_v the_o french_a into_o a_o ambush_n as_o he_o overthrow_v their_o whole_a power_n and_o return_v the_o king_n to_o paris_n with_o great_a loss_n and_o dishonour_n leave_v arques_n the_o first_o arch_n of_o triumph_n to_o this_o conqueror_n not_o yet_o arrive_v to_o 17_o year_n of_o age_n and_o the_o discomfeited_a competitor_n to_o seek_v his_o fortune_n with_o eustace_n earl_n of_o bologne_n find_v upon_o his_o return_n little_a grace_n in_o court_n where_o fortune_n ever_o alter_v credit_n and_o few_o regard_n man_n overthrow_v this_o storm_n overpast_v another_o succeed_v more_o dangerous_a there_o live_v with_o duke_n william_n a_o young_a lord_n of_o like_a year_n name_v guy_n son_n to_o regnalt_n earl_n of_o borgogne_n and_o alix_n daughter_n to_o richard_n 2._o who_o come_v to_o be_v sensible_a of_o his_o interest_n be_v advise_v by_o some_o stir_a spirit_n to_o attempt_v for_o the_o duchy_n which_o they_o say_v apperteyn_v to_o he_o in_o right_n and_o be_v wrongful_o usurp_v by_o the_o bastard_n and_o to_o advance_v his_o purpose_n happen_v deadly_a hostility_n between_o two_o of_o the_o great_a lord_n of_o normandy_n viconte_n needle_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o bessin_n who_o debate_n duke_n william_n do_v not_o or_o can_v not_o pacific_a this_o guy_n late_o make_v earl_n of_o bryorn_n and_o vernon_n interpose_v himself_o to_o compose_v this_o discord_n and_o by_o the_o advice_n of_o grimoult_n de_fw-fr plessis_n a_o principal_a mover_n in_o this_o work_n so_o wrought_v that_o either_o of_o these_o lord_n turn_v the_o point_n of_o their_o malice_n upon_o he_o who_o in_o their_o quarrel_n favour_v neither_o make_v both_o to_o hate_v he_o and_o easy_o conspire_v with_o guy_n to_o murder_v he_o at_o unaware_o which_o they_o have_v do_v have_v not_o a_o certain_a fool_n who_o for_o be_v hold_v a_o natural_a they_o suspect_v not_o note_v their_o preparation_n get_v away_o in_o the_o dead_a of_o the_o night_n to_o valogne_n knock_v and_o cry_v at_o the_o gate_n till_o he_o be_v admit_v to_o the_o duke_n presence_n who_o he_o will_v in_o all_o haste_n to_o fly_v or_o he_o will_v be_v murder_v the_o duke_n see_v the_o fool_n in_o this_o affright_n think_v danger_n be_v not_o be_v weigh_v by_o the_o worth_n of_o the_o reporter_n but_o by_o their_o likelihood_n and_o know_v his_o fortune_n be_v liable_a unto_o all_o sudden_a assasination_n instant_o take_v horse_n and_o all_o alone_a post_n to_o fallaise_n his_o especial_a place_n of_o strength_n on_o the_o way_n his_o horse_n be_v tire_v about_o break_v of_o day_n he_o come_v to_o a_o little_a village_n call_v rye_n where_o by_o good_a fortune_n the_o gentleman_n of_o the_o place_n be_v stand_v at_o his_o door_n ready_a to_o go_v abroad_o of_o who_o the_o duke_n inquire_v the_o next_o way_n to_o fallaise_n the_o gentleman_n perceive_v who_o he_o be_v though_o as_o then_o very_a unwilling_a to_o be_v know_v humble_o crave_v the_o cause_n of_o his_o so_o strange_a and_o untimely_a ride_v alone_o the_o duke_n see_v himself_o discover_v tell_v the_o occasion_n the_o gentleman_n who_o name_n be_v robert_n the_o rye_n furnish_v he_o with_o a_o fresh_a horse_n and_o send_v two_o of_o his_o son_n to_o conduct_v he_o the_o near_a way_n to_o fallaise_n no_o soon_o be_v he_o go_v out_o of_o sight_n but_o after_o post_v the_o conspirator_n inquire_v of_o the_o same_o gentleman_n whether_o he_o see_v the_o duke_n who_o answer_v that_o he_o be_v go_v a_o little_a before_o such_o a_o way_n show_v they_o a_o diverse_a path_n and_o ride_v on_o with_o they_o offer_v his_o service_n to_o conte_n bessin_n of_o who_o he_o hold_v that_o village_n under_o the_o duke_n and_o so_o long_o he_o lead_v they_o about_o that_o the_o duke_n have_v recover_v fallaise_n whereupon_o disappoint_v of_o their_o purpose_n they_o return_v into_o the_o country_n of_o constantin_n and_o bessin_n where_o they_o make_v themselves_o so_o powerful_a as_o the_o duke_n withdraw_v he_o to_o rouen_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n to_o crave_v his_o aid_n put_v he_o in_o mind_n of_o the_o faithful_a service_n his_o father_n have_v do_v he_o how_o he_o be_v his_o homager_n under_o his_o tutelarie_a charge_n and_o have_v no_o other_o sanctuary_n of_o succour_n to_o fly_v unto_o in_o this_o case_n of_o his_o mutinous_a and_o turbulent_a nobility_n the_o effect_n whereof_o be_v of_o dangerous_a consequence_n to_o that_o crown_n and_o so_o far_o urge_v the_o importancy_n of_o relief_n as_o the_o king_n at_o length_n who_o seem_v be_v yet_o content_a to_o have_v he_o be_v though_o not_o too_o strong_a and_o peradventure_o rather_o he_o than_o his_o competitor_n guy_n de_fw-fr burgogne_n aid_v he_o in_o person_n with_o a_o puissant_a army_n against_o these_o competitor_n who_o they_o find_v in_o the_o vale_n of_o dune_n with_o as_o great_a power_n and_o resolution_n to_o bid_v they_o battle_n as_o they_o to_o assail_v they_o here_o one_o guilleson_n uncle_n to_o viconte_n neel_n by_o the_o mother_n force_v his_o horse_n into_o the_o battaillon_n of_o the_o french_a and_o make_v at_o the_o king_n &_o strike_v he_o down_o with_o his_o lance_n which_o conte_n saint_n paul_n perceive_v haste_v to_o encounter_v he_o with_o that_o violence_n as_o both_o fell_a to_o the_o earth_n but_o guilleson_n soon_o get_v up_o and_o though_o his_o horse_n be_v slay_v under_o he_o by_o chastillon_n he_o escape_v out_o of_o the_o press_n and_o after_o flee_v into_o apulia_n with_o other_o the_o king_n recover_v and_o more_o
in_o all_o country_n howsoever_o they_o may_v differ_v in_o their_o form_n so_o that_o by_o these_o passage_n we_o see_v what_o way_n we_o come_v where_o we_o be_v and_o the_o further_a end_n we_o can_v discover_v of_o the_o original_n of_o our_o common_a law_n and_o to_o strive_v to_o look_v beyond_o this_o be_v to_o look_v into_o a_o uncertain_a vastness_n beyond_o our_o discern_v nor_o can_v it_o detract_v from_o the_o glory_n of_o good_a custom_n if_o they_o bring_v but_o a_o pedigree_n of_o 600._o year_n to_o approve_v their_o gentility_n see_v it_o be_v the_o equity_n and_o not_o the_o antiquity_n of_o law_n that_o make_v they_o venerable_a and_o the_o integrity_n of_o the_o professor_n thereof_o the_o profession_n honour_v and_o it_o be_v well_o with_o mankind_n if_o day_n bring_v not_o their_o corruption_n and_o good_a order_n be_v continue_v with_o that_o providence_n as_o they_o be_v institute_v but_o this_o alteration_n of_o the_o law_n of_o england_n breed_v most_o heavy_a doleance_n not_o only_o in_o this_o king_n time_n but_o long_o after_o for_o whereas_o before_o those_o law_n they_o have_v be_v write_v in_o their_o own_o tongue_n intelligible_a to_o all_o now_o be_v they_o translate_v into_o latin_a and_o french_a and_o practise_v whole_o in_o the_o norman_a form_n and_o language_n thereby_o to_o draw_v the_o people_n of_o this_o kingdom_n to_o learn_v that_o speech_n for_o their_o own_o need_n which_o otherwise_o they_o will_v not_o doc_fw-fr and_o see_v a_o difference_n in_o tongue_n will_v continue_v a_o difference_n in_o affection_n all_o mean_n be_v wrought_v to_o reduce_v it_o to_o one_o idiom_n which_o yet_o be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o conqueror_n to_o do_v without_o the_o extirpation_n or_o overlay_v the_o land-bred_n people_n who_o be_v so_o far_o in_o number_n as_o they_o be_v above_o the_o invador_n both_o carry_v the_o main_n of_o the_o language_n and_o in_o few_o year_n have_v those_o who_o subdue_v they_o undistinguishablie_o they_o for_o notwithstanding_o the_o former_a conquest_n by_o the_o dane_n and_o now_o this_o by_o the_o norman_a the_o solid_a body_n of_o the_o kingdom_n still_o consist_v of_o the_o english_a and_o the_o accession_n of_o strange_a people_n be_v but_o as_o river_n to_o the_o ocean_n that_o change_v not_o it_o but_o be_v change_v into_o it_o and_o though_o the_o king_n labour_v what_o he_o can_v to_o turn_v all_o to_o french_a by_o enjoin_v their_o child_n here_o to_o use_v not_o other_o language_n with_o their_o grammar_n in_o school_n to_o have_v the_o law_n practise_v in_o french_a all_o petition_n and_o business_n of_o court_n in_o french_a no_o man_n grace_v but_o he_o that_o speak_v french_a yet_o soon_o after_o his_o day_n all_o return_n natural_a english_a again_o but_o law_n and_o that_o still_o hold_v foreign_a and_o become_v in_o the_o end_n whole_o to_o be_v enclose_v in_o that_o language_n nor_o have_v we_o now_o other_o mark_n of_o our_o subjection_n and_o invassellage_n from_o normandy_n but_o only_o that_o and_o that_o still_o speak_v french_a to_o we_o in_o england_n and_o herewithal_o new_a term_n new_a constitution_n new_a form_n of_o plea_n new_a office_n and_o court_n be_v now_o introduce_v by_o the_o norman_n a_o people_n more_o enure_v to_o litigation_n and_o of_o spirit_n more_o impatient_a and_o contentious_a then_o be_v the_o english_a who_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o continual_a war_n wherein_o law_n be_v not_o bear_v and_o labour_v to_o defend_v the_o public_a be_v more_o at_o unity_n in_o their_o private_a and_o that_o small_a time_n of_o peace_n they_o have_v devotion_n and_o good_a fellowship_n entertain_v for_o their_o law_n and_o constitution_n before_o we_o see_v they_o plain_o brief_a and_o simple_a without_o perplexity_n have_v neither_o fold_n nor_o plaite_v command_v not_o dispute_v their_o grant_n and_o transaction_n as_o brief_a and_o simple_a which_o show_v they_o a_o cleere-meaning_n people_n retain_v still_o the_o nature_n of_o that_o plain_a realnesse_n they_o bring_v with_o they_o uncompose_v of_o other_o fashion_n than_o their_o own_o and_o unaffecting_a imitation_n for_o their_o trial_n in_o case_n criminal_a where_o manifest_a proof_n fail_v they_o continue_v their_o ancient_a custom_n hold_v from_o before_o their_o christianity_n until_o this_o great_a alteration_n which_o trial_n they_o call_v ordeal_o or_o signify_v right_a deal_v part_n whereof_o they_o have_v these_o kind_n ordeal_o by_o fire_n which_o be_v for_o the_o better_a sort_n and_o by_o water_n for_o the_o inferior_a that_o of_o fire_n be_v to_o go_v blindfold_a over_o certain_a ploughshare_n make_v red_a hot_a and_o lay_v a_o uneven_a distance_n one_o from_o another_o that_o of_o water_n be_v either_o of_o hot_a or_o cold_a in_o the_o one_o to_o put_v their_o arm_n to_o the_o elbow_n in_o the_o other_o to_o be_v cast_v headlong_o according_a to_o their_o escape_n or_o hurt_n they_o be_v adjudge_v such_o as_o be_v cast_v into_o the_o river_n if_o they_o sink_v be_v hold_v guiltless_a ifnot_n culpable_a as_o eject_v by_o that_o element_n these_o trial_n they_o call_v the_o judgement_n of_o god_n and_o they_o be_v perform_v with_o solemn_a orison_n in_o some_o case_n the_o accuse_a be_v admit_v to_o clear_v himself_o by_o receive_v the_o eucharist_n or_o by_o his_o own_o oath_n or_o the_o oath_n of_o two_o or_o three_o but_o this_o be_v for_o especial_a person_n and_o such_o who_o living_n be_v of_o a_o rate_n allowable_a thereunto_o the_o usual_a opinion_n persuade_v they_o that_o man_n of_o ability_n hold_v a_o more_o regard_n of_o honesty_n with_o these_o they_o have_v the_o trial_n of_o campe-fight_a or_o single_a combat_n which_o likewise_o the_o lumbards_n original_o of_o the_o same_o german_a nation_n bring_v into_o italy_n permit_v by_o the_o law_n in_o case_n either_o of_o safety_n and_o fame_n or_o of_o possession_n all_o which_o trial_n show_v they_o to_o be_v ignorant_a in_o any_o other_o form_n of_o law_n or_o to_o neglect_v it_o nor_o will_v they_o be_v induce_v to_o forgo_v these_o custom_n and_o determine_v their_o affair_n by_o imperial_a or_o pontificial_a constitution_n no_o more_o than_o will_v the_o lumbards_n forsake_v their_o duellary_a law_n in_o italy_n which_o their_o prince_n against_o some_o of_o their_o will_n be_v constrain_v to_o ratify_v as_o luytprandus_fw-la their_o king_n thus_o ingenious_o confess_v we_o be_v uncertain_a of_o the_o judgement_n of_o god_n and_o we_o have_v hear_v many_o by_o fight_n to_o have_v lose_v their_o cause_n without_o just_a cause_n yet_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o custom_n of_o our_o nation_n we_o can_v avoid_v a_o impious_a law_n but_o all_o these_o form_n of_o judgement_n and_o trial_n have_v their_o season_n those_o of_o fire_n and_o water_n in_o short_a time_n after_o the_o conquest_n grow_v disuse_v and_o in_o the_o end_n utter_o abrogate_a by_o the_o pope_n as_o derive_v from_o paganism_n that_o of_o combat_n continue_v longer-lived_n but_o of_o no_o ordinary_a use_n and_o all_o action_n now_o both_o criminal_a and_o real_a begin_v to_o be_v whole_o adjudge_v by_o the_o verduit_n of_o 12_o man_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o normandy_n where_o the_o like_a form_n be_v use_v and_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o enquest_n with_o the_o same_o caution_n for_o the_o juror_n as_o it_o be_v here_o continue_v to_o this_o day_n although_o some_o hold_v opinion_n that_o this_o form_n of_o trial_n be_v of_o use_n in_o this_o kingdom_n from_o all_o antiquity_n and_o allege_v a_o ordinance_n of_o king_n ethelred_n father_n to_o the_o confessor_n willing_a in_o their_o gemote_a or_o convention_n monthly_o hold_v in_o every_o hundred_o twelve_o grave_a man_n of_o free_a condition_n shall_v with_o the_o greut_n the_o chief_a officer_n among_o they_o swear_v upon_o the_o evangelist_n to_o judge_v every_o man_n cause_n aright_o but_o here_o we_o see_v twelve_o man_n be_v to_o be_v assessor_n with_o the_o greve_v to_o judge_v and_o no_o juror_n according_a to_o this_o manner_n of_o trial_n now_o use_v beside_o have_v there_o be_v any_o such_o form_n we_o shall_v aswell_o have_v hear_v thereof_o in_o their_o law_n and_o practice_n as_o of_o those_o other_o kind_n of_o ordeal_o only_o and_o usual_o mention_v but_o whatsoever_o innovation_n be_v in_o all_o other_o thing_n the_o government_n for_o the_o peace_n and_o security_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o most_o import_v the_o king_n to_o look_v unto_o seem_v to_o be_v continue_v as_o before_o and_o for_o that_o business_n he_o find_v here_o better_a law_n establish_v by_o the_o wary_a care_n of_o our_o former_a king_n than_o any_o he_o can_v bring_v among_o which_o especial_o be_v the_o boroh_fw-mi law_n whereby_o every_o free_a man_n of_o the_o commons_n stand_v as_o surety_n for_o each_o other_o behaviour_n in_o this_o sort_n the_o kingdom_n
be_v divide_v into_o shire_n or_o share_n every_o shire_n consist_v of_o so_o many_o hundred_o and_o every_o hundred_o of_o a_o number_n of_o borough_n village_n or_o tything_n contain_v ten_o householder_n whereof_o if_o any_o one_o shall_v commit_v a_o unlawful_a act_n the_o other_o nine_o be_v to_o attach_v and_o bring_v he_o to_o reason_n if_o he_o flee_v 31_o day_n be_v enjoin_v he_o to_o appear_v if_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n apprehend_v he_o be_v make_v to_o restore_v the_o damage_n do_v otherwise_o the_o free-boroughead_a to_o say_v the_o tythingman_n be_v to_o take_v with_o he_o two_o of_o the_o same_o village_n and_o out_o of_o three_o other_o village_n next_o adjoin_v as_o many_o that_o be_v the_o tythingman_n and_o two_o other_o of_o the_o principal_a man_n and_o before_o the_o officer_n of_o that_o hundred_o purge_v himself_o and_o the_o village_n of_o the_o fact_n restore_v the_o damage_n do_v with_o the_o good_n of_o the_o malefactor_n which_o if_o they_o suffize_v not_o to_o satisfy_v the_o free-boroh_a or_o tything_n must_v make_v up_o the_o rest_n and_o beside_o take_v a_o oath_n to_o be_v no_o way_n accessary_a to_o the_o fact_n and_o to_o produce_v the_o offendor_n if_o by_o any_o mean_n they_o can_v recover_v he_o or_o know_v where_o he_o be_v beside_o every_o lord_n and_o master_n stand_v boroh_n for_o all_o his_o family_n whereof_o if_o any_o servant_n be_v call_v in_o question_n the_o master_n be_v to_o see_v he_o answer_v it_o in_o the_o hundred_o where_o he_o be_v accuse_v if_o he_o flee_v the_o master_n be_v to_o yield_v such_o good_n as_o he_o have_v to_o the_o king_n if_o himself_o be_v accuse_v to_o be_v aid_v or_o privy_a to_o his_o servant_n flight_n he_o be_v to_o clear_v himself_o by_o 5._o man_n otherwise_o to_o forfeit_v all_o his_o good_n to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o man_n to_o be_v outlawed_a these_o link_n thus_o intermutual_o fasten_v make_v so_o strong_a a_o chain_n to_o hold_v the_o whole_a frame_n of_o the_o state_n together_o in_o peace_n and_o order_n as_o all_o the_o most_o politic_a regiment_n upon_o earth_n all_o the_o interleague_v society_n of_o man_n can_v show_v we_o a_o straight_a form_n of_o combination_n this_o may_v make_v the_o conqueror_n come_v upon_o a_o people_n thus_o lawbound_a hand_n and_o foot_n to_o establish_v he_o so_o soon_o and_o easy_o as_o he_o do_v this_o boroh-law_n be_v as_o a_o citadel_n build_v to_o guard_v the_o common_a wealth_n come_v to_o be_v possess_v by_o a_o conquer_a master_n be_v make_v to_o turn_v all_o this_o ordinance_n upon_o the_o state_n and_o batter_v herself_o with_o her_o own_o weapon_n and_o this_o law_n may_v be_v some_o cause_n we_o find_v no_o popular_a insurrection_n before_o the_o conquest_n for_o have_v not_o this_o people_n be_v bear_v with_o these_o fetter_n and_o a_o idle_a peace_n but_o live_v loose_v and_o in_o action_n it_o be_v like_a they_o will_v have_v do_v as_o noble_o and_o give_v as_o many_o and_o as_o deep_a wound_n ere_o they_o lose_v their_o country_n as_o ever_o the_o briton_n do_v either_o against_o the_o roman_n or_o the_o saxon_n their_o predecessor_n or_o themselves_o have_v do_v against_o the_o dane_n a_o people_n far_o more_o powerful_a and_o numerous_a than_o these_o the_o conqueror_n without_o this_o have_v not_o make_v it_o the_o work_n of_o one_o day_n nor_o have_v normandy_n ever_o be_v able_a to_o have_v yield_v those_o multitude_n for_o supply_n that_o many_o battle_n must_v have_v have_v but_o now_o 1._o the_o strict_a execute_v this_o law_n 2._o disweapn_v the_o commons_n 3._o prevent_v their_o night-meeting_n with_o a_o heavy_a penalty_n that_o every_o man_n at_o the_o day_n close_v shall_v cover_v his_o fire_n and_o depart_v to_o his_o rest_n 4._o erect_v diverse_a fortress_n in_o fit_a part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 5._o and_o collate_v all_o office_n both_o of_o command_n and_o judicature_n on_o such_o as_o be_v he_o make_v his_o domination_n such_o as_o he_o will_v have_v it_o and_o where_o before_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o alderman_n be_v the_o absolute_a judge_n to_o determine_v all_o business_n in_o every_o shire_n and_o the_o bishop_n in_o many_o case_n share_v in_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o mulct_n with_o the_o king_n now_o he_o confine_v the_o clergy_n within_o the_o province_n of_o their_o own_o ecclesiastical_a jurisdiction_n to_o deal_v only_o in_o business_n concern_v rule_n of_o soul_n according_a to_o the_o cannon_n and_o law_n episcopal_a and_o whereas_o the_o cause_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v before_o determine_v in_o every_o shire_n and_o by_o a_o law_n of_o king_n edward_n senior_n all_o matter_n in_o question_n shall_v upon_o especial_a penalty_n without_o further_a deferment_n be_v final_o decide_v in_o their_o gemote_a or_o convention_n hold_v monthly_a in_o every_o hundred_o now_o he_o ordain_v that_o four_o time_n in_o the_o year_n for_o certain_a day_n the_o same_o business_n shall_v be_v determine_v in_o such_o place_n as_o he_o will_v appoint_v where_o he_o constitute_v judge_n to_o attend_v for_o that_o purpose_n and_o also_o other_o from_o who_o as_o from_o the_o bosom_n of_o the_o prince_n all_o litigator_n shall_v have_v justice_n and_o from_o who_o be_v no_o appeal_n other_o he_o appoint_v for_o the_o punishment_n of_o malefactor_n call_v justiciarij_fw-la pacis_fw-la what_o alteration_n be_v then_o make_v in_o the_o tenure_n of_o man_n possession_n or_o since_o introduce_v we_o may_v find_v by_o take_v note_n of_o their_o former_a usance_n our_o ancestor_n have_v only_o two_o kind_n of_o tenor_n boke-land_n and_o folkland_n the_o one_o be_v a_o possession_n by_o writing_n the_o other_o without_o that_o by_o writing_n be_v as_o freehold_n and_o by_o charter_n hereditary_a with_o all_o immunity_n and_o for_o the_o free_a and_o noble_a sort_n that_o without_o writing_n be_v to_o hold_v at_o the_o will_n of_o the_o lord_n bind_v to_o rent_n and_o service_n and_o be_v for_o the_o rural_a people_n the_o inheritance_n descend_v not_o alone_o but_o after_o the_o german_a manner_n equal_o divide_v among_o all_o the_o child_n which_o they_o call_v landskiftan_n to_o say_v part-land_n a_o custom_n yet_o continue_v in_o some_o place_n of_o kent_n by_o the_o name_n of_o gavel_n kin_n of_o give_v eal_n kin_n and_o hecreupon_o some_o write_n how_o the_o people_n of_o that_o country_n retain_v their_o ancient_a law_n and_o liberty_n by_o especial_a grant_n from_o the_o conqueror_n who_o after_o his_o battle_n at_o hastings_n come_v to_o dover_n to_o make_v all_o sure_a on_o that_o side_n be_v encompass_v by_o the_o whole_a people_n of_o that_o province_n carry_v bough_n of_o tree_n in_o their_o hand_n and_o march_v round_o about_o he_o like_o a_o move_a wood_n with_o which_o strange_a and_o sudden_a show_n be_v much_o move_v the_o archbishop_n stigand_n and_o the_o abot_n egelsin_n who_o have_v raise_v this_o commotion_n by_o show_v the_o people_n in_o what_o danger_n they_o be_v utter_o to_o lose_v their_o liberty_n and_o endure_v the_o perpetual_a misery_n of_o servitude_n under_o the_o domination_n of_o stranger_n present_v themselves_o and_o declare_v how_o they_o be_v the_o universal_a people_n of_o that_o country_n gather_v together_o in_o that_o manner_n with_o bough_n in_o their_o hand_n either_o as_o olive_n branch_n of_o intercession_n for_o peace_n and_o liberty_n or_o to_o entangle_v he_o in_o his_o passage_n with_o resolution_n rather_o to_o leave_v their_o life_n then_o that_o which_o be_v dear_a their_o freedom_n whereupon_o they_o say_v the_o conqueror_n grant_v they_o the_o continuation_n of_o their_o former_a custom_n and_o liberty_n whereof_o notwithstanding_o they_o now_o retain_v no_o other_o than_o such_o as_o be_v common_a with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o such_o as_o be_v tenant_n at_o the_o will_n of_o their_o tilburiensis_n lord_n which_o now_o grow_v to_o a_o great_a number_n and_o more_o miserable_a than_o before_o upon_o their_o petition_n and_o compassion_n of_o their_o oppression_n he_o relieve_v their_o case_n be_v this_o all_o such_o as_o be_v discover_v to_o have_v have_v a_o hand_n in_o any_o rebellion_n and_o be_v pardon_v only_o to_o enjoy_v the_o benefit_n of_o life_n have_v all_o their_o liuclihood_n take_v from_o they_o become_v vassal_n unto_o those_o lord_n to_o who_o the_o possession_n be_v give_v of_o all_o such_o land_n forfeit_v by_o attaindor_n and_o if_o by_o their_o diligent_a service_n they_o can_v attain_v any_o portion_n of_o ground_n they_o hold_v it_o but_o only_o so_o long_o as_o it_o please_v their_o lord_n without_o have_v any_o estate_n for_o themselves_o or_o their_o child_n and_o be_v oftentimes_o violent_o cast_v out_o upon_o any_o small_a displeasure_n contrary_a to_o all_o right_n whereupon_o it_o be_v ordain_v that_o whatsoever_o they_o have_v obtain_v of_o