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cause_n	good_a	great_a	time_n	5,928	5	3.4202	3	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A19676	Militarie instructions for the cavallrie: or Rules and directions for the service of horse collected out of divers forrain authors ancient and modern, and rectified and supplied, according to the present practise of the Low-Countrey warres.	Cruso, John, d. 1681.; Dalen, Cornelius van, engraver.	1632 (1632)	STC 6099; ESTC S121933	103,340	148

with the rest of them The other troops shall second these keeping alwayes 100 paces distance betwen every companie If you meet a troop of the enmies horse your self having also but one troop both of equall number and that it so fall out that the enemie retreat you are to send your Lieutenant with 20 horse to charge him in the reare following him with 50 to the same effect closed as firm as may be the rest must follovv at a good distance under a good Corporall which shall not engage himself to fight though the enemie turn head unlesse he see his Captain and Lieutenant in great danger and then he shall couragiously charge the enemie to give time to those of his companie to reunite themselves a Milites lectissimes habeat Dux post aciem in subsidiis praeparatos ut sicubi hostis vehementiùs insistit nè rumpatur acies provalent subitò suppleant loca additâque virtute inimicurum audacium frangant Hâc dispositione nulla melior invenitur Veg. lib. 3. cap. 17. there being nothing more dangerous in combat then to engage the whole troop at once because if they never so little disorder themselves they cannot reassemble unlesse they have fresh men to sustain the enemie Besides the meere sight of a reserve gives a terrour to the enemie which upon occasion may charge him on the flank And if there be but 50 horse in a troop yet some 10 or 12 would be left for a reserve If the troop which retreateth be of 60 horse at least 15 horse must be sent with the Lieutenant to charge the enemie so as he be constrained to entertain them to give time to the rest that follow to arrive in grosse and united for by your sending of a smaller number they might save themselves without losse by leaving onely some few to make the retreat CHAP. III. Of embuscadoes IT is an ordinarie thing in warre to studie how to endamage an enemie and to distract his forces to which purpose all possible means must be used especially when the camps lie neare each other The Cavallrie must principally be employed to travell and molest the enemie sometime by hindering him from his victuall sometime by endamaging his forragers sometime by sending some troops even up to his camp to take some bootie by that means a Boni duces non aperto marte in quo est commune periculum sed ex occulto semper attentant ut integris suis quantos possunt hostes interimant certè vel terreant Veg. lib. 3. cap. 9. to draw him forth and to make him fall upon some embuscadoe disposed before-hand in some fitting place To order your embuscadoes or ambushes as they ought you must first know what number of Cavallrie the enemie hath if he have fewer horse then you you may employ all yours attempting to draw out all his and to rout them Or else you may employ some small number by which you may at severall times make some good bootie the enemie not daring to issue out of his quarter But if the enemie exceed you in horse it is not convenient for you to make embuscadoes unlesse it be with some few horse for being a small number you may easilie retreat but being a grosse it might be entertained by part of the enemies Cavallrie presently issuing and those seconded by more whereby you should be hardly able to retreat without disorder and losse b Count Philip of Nassaw anno 1595. intending to set upon Mondragons forragers with 600 horse passed the river Lippe to lay an embuscadoe But being discovered by some of the enemies souldiers or betrayed as Meteren hath it lib. 17. was taken unawares and routed himself and count Solms wounded to death many others slain and divers taken prisoners The Romanes were exquisite in laying discovering of ambushes The good successe of an embuscadoe consisteth chiefly in their not being discovered for which cause they are usually appointed to march in the night or being to march a great way to cause them to passe by those places in the night where the enemie might most likely discover them So proportioning the time as that they might arrive at the place appointed for ambush before day that so they may give time to lay their embuscadoe under favour of the night The said troops arriving long before day they are to be kept firm on the plain and Sentinells are to be placed on every side In the mean time you c Qui superventus in sidias subsessas passus est culpam suam non potest excusare quia haec evitare potuit per speculatores idoneos ante cognoscere Veg. lib. 3. cap. 22. must diligently search and discover about the place appointed for your embuscadoe lest there should be any ambush of the enemies then being assured for that you are to lay your embuscadoe before the dawning of the day and to place Sentinells in places convenient where they may be unseen some on trees others couched on the ground to discover such places as they cannot discrie from the trees The embuscadoe must not be laid much before break of day because otherwise they cannot discover the approach of the enemie but at hand and so the embuscadoe should have no time to come forth and put themselves in order and being so taken on the sudden d Deprehensa subsessa si circumveniatur ab hoste plus periculi sustinet quàm parabat inferre Ibid. cap. 6. they might be defeated in their own ambush Besides in that remainder of the night many might be overcome with sleep and not use that vigilance which is required The troops must be placed at good distances one from another that so they intermix not nor hinder each other in time of fight In making the embuscadoe with a grosse of Cavallrie some number of Infanterie must be laid in ambush about the mid-way to sustain the Cavallrie in their retreat if need were or otherwise to assist them upon occasion e With antiquitie embuscadoes were very frequent and were to be used by either partie Vtrique parti in itinere ad subsessas communis occasio est Nam qui praecedit opportunis vallibùs vel sylvosu montibus quasi post se relinquit insidias in quas cùm inciderit inimicus recurrit ipse adjuvat suos Qui verò sequitur adversis semitis longè amè destinat expeditos ut praecedentem adversarium arceat transitu deceptúmque à fronte à tergo concludat Ibid. cap. 22. In marching some horse must be sent out a good way before by the right way and the by-waies to discover whether there be no ambush of the enemies And indeed to be the better assured of the good successe of an ambush it should be accompanied with some new and extraordinarie invention If the Chief of a frontier garrison will attempt to endammage the enemie by an ambush being inferiour in strength to the enemy he must gather together so many

by which means he shall be reverenced and loved of good men and feared of such as are bad It belongeth to his care that the Cavallrie be in good equipage and fitted with all necessaries requisite And that the companies being to march be provided of nags without which the souldiers can hardly preserve their horse of service by reason that with them they must go to forrage for want of bidets or nags after their march and presently enter into guard in the army or quarter without any rest to refresh their horses He is not to suffer the Captains either to make officers or to absent themselves from their companies without his leave and approbation He hath his officers apart and in that which concerneth the Cavallrie neither the Lord Marshall nor Lord Generall himself useth to dispose of any thing without his advice If he passe among the quarters of Cavallrie or Infanterie his trumpets are to sound but not where the Lord Generall lodgeth or where he is in person When he commandeth in the armie in absence of the Lord Generall upon occasion of fight his place is in the battell that he may be able to give order to all He hath usually a companie heretofore of lances to lodge with him and to serve him as his guard having usually six souldiers or more of his companie attending on him f Of Caesar it is said Dubium cautior an audentior Suet. A good Commander should rather look behinde him then before him said Sertorius Plutarch in Sertor He should not resolve upon any enterprise unlesse he first consider seriously of all that might happen that so propounding to himself greater difficulties in the action then in effect they be he may prepare remedies surpassing all the said difficulties it being a benefit not to be expressed to be able to g Temeritas praeterquam quòd stulta est etiam infelix Livius 22. foresee with good judgement those things which might succeed in the uncertain and variable accidents of warre Especially he must be h Intentus fis ut neque tua occasioni desis neque suum hosti des Ibid. ready in execution for suppose a determination never so well grounded yet it may prove vain and hurtfull if it be not executed with requisite promptitude CHAP. III. Of the Lieutenant Generall of horse THe charge of the Lieutenant Generall of the horse hath ever been held of very great importance and therefore must be supplyed by a person of great experience and valour one that must be very carefull and diligent because he usually marcheth and lodgeth with the Cavallrie For which cause he ought to be well versed in the opportunitie of the wayes upon occasion of meeting the enemy in marching a Erat Philopoemen praecipuae in ducendo agmine locísque capiendis solertiae atque usus Nec belli tantùm temporibus sed etiam in pace ad id maximè animum exercuerat Vbi iter quopiam faceret ad difficilem transitu saltum venisset contemplatus ab omni parte loci naturam cúm solus iret secum ipse agitabat animo cùm comites haberet ab iis quaerebat si hostis coloco apparuisset quid si à fronte quid si à latere hoc aut illo quid si à tergo adoriretur capiendum consilii foret T. Livius dec 4. lib. 5. He must alwayes have his thoughts busied about the motions of the enemie discoursing with himself from what part they might shew themselves with what number of men whether with Infanterie or not in how many houres they might come upon him from their armie or garrison and whether they might present themselves in a place of advantage that so it might be prevented as need should require He must also advisedly choose commodious places for the quarters or lodgings providing good guards causing the highwayes to be scoured or discovered placing men on those passages where the enemie might make head not neglecting to send out rounders and omitting no diligence to secure the quarter in which the Cavallrie findeth it self exposed to greater dangers then can befall it any other way especially being lodged without Infanterie He must also procure to have spies not onely in the enemies army but also upon their frontiers to penetrate their designes and intentions omitting no inventions which may stand him in stead to avoid inconveniences knowing that diligence is the mother of good fortune b Cui enim tanta potestatis insignia tribuuntur cujus fidei atque virtuti possessorum fortunae tutela virium salus militum rei publicae creditur gloria non tantùm pro universo exercitu sed etiam pro singulis contubernalibus debet esse solicitus Veg. lib. 3. cap. 10. His particular care is to see that the Captains wrong not their souldiers that they keep their companies in good state and well armed and that themselves and their officers do their endeavours and observe good order and discipline Towards the souldiers he must be no lesse affable and readie to heare them willingly in their just complaints and to help them in their necessities then rigorous in punishing He should also himself being free from covetousnesse give order to others to use no c Extortions of diverse kindes are punishable with death by the edict of Marshall law published by the States of the united provinces Artic. 41. extortion whereby the country is ruined and the souldier made odious to the prejudice of the Prince his service it being evident that too great a libertie of the souldiers produceth nothing but very bad effects Upon divers occasions of sending a good part of the Cavallrie to divers places the charge is given to the Lieutenant generall not onely of the horse but also of the foot which accompany them according to the occurrences for which cause he must also know how to command the Infanterie In absence of the Generall the whole weight resteth upon him and to him are the orders sent from the Lord Generall or Lord Marshall and to him as Chief reports are made of all the occurrences of the Cavallrie He may sequester a Captain from his companie upon just cause and demerit but cannot restore him without order from the Generall who first gives notice thereof to the Lord Generall He was wont to have a companie of lances which usually were lodged neare his person whereof foure souldiers alwayes attend him When he passeth by the quarters of Cavallrie the trumpets sound but not in the Generalls quarter or where he is When the Generall of horse commandeth the whole army and therefore takes his place in fight in the battell the Lieutenant Generall placeth himself in the vanguard of the Cavallrie where otherwise the Generall useth to be CHAP. IIII. Of the Commissarie Generall THe Commissarie Generall commandeth in the absence of the Lieutenant Generall and therefore must be a man of great experience This charge was first instituted by Don Ferrand de Gonzagua afterward